[{"pmid": 32305157, "pmcid": "PMC7156949", "title": "The use of personal protective equipment in the COVID-19 pandemic era.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Smereka, Jacek", "Szarpak, Lukasz"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305157", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420944, "title": "The impact of MicroRNAs (miRNAs) on the genotype of coronaviruses.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Canatan, Duran", "De Sanctis, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420944", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Summar y. The beginning of 2020 has seen the emergence of COVID-19, an outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, an important pathogen for humans. SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus containing 29891 nucleotides encoding 9889 amino acids. The genome is arranged as 5p-replicase (orf1/ab)-structural proteins [Spike (S) -Envelope (E) - Membrane (M) -Nucleocapsid (N)] -3. Viruses are obligate intracellular infectious agents that use the host cellular machinery to ensure their own fitness and survival. MicroRNAs (miRNA9) systems are potent post-transcriptional gene expression regulators that are important modulators of viral infections, and could play an important role in the treatment of viral infections. This review focuses to the genomic structure of coronaviruses, the functions of genomic proteins, the effects of micro RNA (miRNA) on virus replication and its pathogenesis."}, {"pmid": 32496265, "title": "Containing the first outbreak of COVID-19 in a healthcare setting in India: The sree chitra experience.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Singh, Gurpreet", "Srinivas, G", "Jyothi, E K", "Gayatri, L K", "Gaitonde, Rakhal", "Soman, Biju"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496265", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The response to the first health worker case in India and novel strategies adopted in the context of evolving pandemic of COVID-19 is presented here. On the same day of confirmation, institutional COVID cell was established, and contact tracing was started. A total of 184 contacts were identified and quarantined. Hospital services were scaled down, and responsibilities were reassigned. In-house digital platforms were used for daily meetings, contact tracing, line listing, risk stratification, and research. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction-based severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV2 testing facility was established in the institute. All high-risk contacts were given hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis. No secondary cases were found. Hospital preparedness, participatory decision-making through institutional COVID cell, optimal use of in-house digital platforms, and coordination with the state health department and national bodies, including Indian Council of Medical Research, were the supporting factors. Rapidly evolving guidelines, trepidation about the disease, logistic delays, and lack of support systems for people under quarantine were the challenges in the containment exercise."}, {"pmid": 32489244, "pmcid": "PMC7241602", "title": "Microthrombotic Complications of COVID-19 Are Likely Due to Embolism of Circulating Endothelial Derived Ultralarge Von Willebrand Factor (eULVWF) Decorated-Platelet Strings.", "journal": "Fed Pract", "authors": ["Varatharajah, N", "Rajah, Suganthi"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489244", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513261, "title": "Who is going to pay the price of Covid-19? Reflections about an unequal Brazil.", "journal": "Int J Equity Health", "authors": ["Ribeiro, Fabiana", "Leist, Anja"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513261", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has caused high mortality rates among older people, and in order to avoid a healthcare system crisis, almost all countries worldwide have adopted social isolation measures to prevent the spread of the disease. However, in Brazil, a country demarcated by economic inequalities, in which approximately 25% of the population live below the poverty line, these measures will cost severe economic losses and accentuated starvation. For this reason, the underprivileged population should be immediately prioritized and well informed through good practice to avoid the virus. Since, government discrepancies in dealing with the COVID-19 outbreak leaves the population without congruent guidelines on how to react or what to believe, allowing the spread of fake news and political crises. Here, we discuss who will pay the price of the Brazilian government denying the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and suggest some measures to ensure that clear information and protection reach this population."}, {"pmid": 32332004, "pmcid": "PMC7167576", "title": "Guidelines of clinical practice for the management of swallowing disorders and recent dysphonia in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis", "authors": ["Mattei, A", "Amy de la Breteque, B", "Crestani, S", "Crevier-Buchman, L", "Galant, C", "Hans, S", "Julien-Laferriere, A", "Lagier, A", "Lobryeau, C", "Marmouset, F", "Robert, D", "Woisard, V", "Giovanni, A"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332004", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Procedures putting healthcare workers in close contact with the airway are particularly at risk of contamination by the SARS-Cov-2 virus, especially when exposed to sputum, coughing, or a tracheostomy. In the current pandemic phase, all patients should be considered as potentially infected. Thus, the level of precaution recommended for the caregivers depends more on the type of procedure than on the patient's proved or suspected COVID-19 status. Procedures that are particularly at high risk of contamination are clinical and flexible endoscopic pharyngo-laryngological evaluation, and probably also video fluoroscopic swallowing exams. Voice rehabilitation should not be considered urgent at this time. Therefore, recommendations presented here mainly concern the management of swallowing disorders, which can sometimes be dangerous for the patient, and recent dysphonia. In cases where they are considered possible and useful, teleconsultations should be preferred to face-to-face assessments or rehabilitation sessions. The latter must be maintained only in few selected situations, after team discussions or in accordance with the guidelines provided by health authorities."}, {"pmid": 32514316, "pmcid": "PMC7265102", "title": "Ethical Issues in Decision-making Regarding the Elderly Affected by Coronavirus Disease 2019: An Expert Opinion.", "journal": "Eur Cardiol", "authors": ["Martinez-Selles, David", "Martinez-Selles, Helena", "Martinez-Selles, Manuel"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514316", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is resulting in ethical decisions regarding resource allocation. Prioritisation reflects established practices that regulate the distribution of finite resources when demand exceeds supply. However, discrimination based on sex, race or age has no role in prioritisation unless clearly justified. The risk posed by COVID-19 is higher for elderly people than for younger people, so older adults should be prioritised in preventive measures. In the case of people who already have COVID-19, healthcare professionals might prioritise those most likely to survive. Making decisions based on chronological age alone is not justified; in addition to age, other aspects that determine theoretical life expectancy must be taken into account. Individualised correct prioritisation in the allocation of scarce resources is essential to good clinical practice."}, {"pmid": 32527730, "title": "Infection rate and clinical management of cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: experience from a tertiary care hospital in northern Italy.", "journal": "ESMO Open", "authors": ["Fong, Dominic", "Rauch, Simon", "Petter, Christian", "Haspinger, Eva", "Alber, Monika", "Mitterer, Manfred"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527730", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Optimal management of patients with cancer during COVID-19 pandemic is still pending. Our patients were advised to maintain their scheduled appointments, and planned cancer treatment was continued without unnecessary delays in an outpatient setting. Additional strict preventive infection measures were rapidly implemented at our outpatient department. When COVID-19 test became widely available, universal testing of healthcare workers and vigorous screening of all patients coming to our facility for COVID-19 infection were performed by SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse transcription PCR on rhinopharyngeal swab. As of the data cut-off on 9 April 2020, a total of 156 oncology patients with a median age of 67 (range 26-86) years and 63 haematology patients (median age 69 years, range 23-89) were screened for COVID-19 during active cancer treatment. Prevalence (1.8%; 4/219) of COVID-19 in patients with cancer was significantly higher compared with a respective control group of asymptomatic counterparts (p=0.018). Outcomes of COVID-19 positive patients were good, with only one observed death due to progression of advanced metastatic disease. Our data indicate that continuation of anticancer treatment in epidemic areas during the COVID-19 pandemic seems to be safe and feasible, if adequate and strict preventive measures are vigorously and successfully carried out."}, {"pmid": 32524147, "title": "What patients \"see\" doctors in online fever clinics during COVID-19 in Wuhan?", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Li, Gang", "Fan, Guorui", "Chen, Yanyan", "Deng, Zhaohua"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524147", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, China. Online fever clinics were developed by hospitals, largely relieving the hospital's burden. Online fever clinics could help people stay out of crowded hospitals and prevent the risk of cross infections. The objective of our study was to describe the patient characteristics of an online fever clinic and explore the most important concerns and question of online patients. Our study extracted data from fever clinic records in medical information systems from January 24 to February 18, 2020 in a tertiary hospital in Wuhan. We described the characteristics of patients in fever clinic, then we extracted and classified questions of patient consultations through the online fever clinic dataset. For the 64\u00a0487 patients who attended the online fever clinic, the average age was 30.4 years, and 37\u00a0665 (58.4%) were female patients. The current state of patients from online were home without isolation (52 360 [81.2%]), home isolated (11 152 [17.29%]), and outpatient observation (975 [1.51%]). From the 594 patient questions analyzed, confirming diagnosis and seeking medical treatment account for 60.61% and 38.05%, respectively, followed by treating (25.59%), preventing (4.38%), and relieving anxiety (1.68%). Online fever clinics can effectively relieve patients' mood of panic, and doctors can guide patients with suspected of COVID-19 to isolate and protect themselves through online fever clinic. Online fever clinics can also help to reduce the pressure of hospital fever clinics and prevent cross infection. This study indicated the importance of online fever clinics during the COVID-19 outbreak for prevention and control."}, {"pmid": 32428965, "title": "Exclusion of Pregnant Women from Clinical Trials during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Review of International Registries.", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["Smith, Devin D", "Pippen, Jessica L", "Adesomo, Adebayo A", "Rood, Kara M", "Landon, Mark B", "Costantine, Maged M"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428965", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2003Pregnant women have been historically excluded from clinical trials for nonobstetric conditions, even during prior epidemics. The objective of this review is to describe the current state of research for pregnant women during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. \u2003We conducted a search of international trial registries for trials relating to the novel coronavirus. The eligibility criteria for each trial were reviewed for inclusion/exclusion of pregnant women. Relevant data were extracted and descriptive statistics were calculated for individual and combined data. The total number of trials from each registry were compared, as well as the proportions of pregnancy-related trials within each. \u2003Among 621,370 trials in the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry, 927 (0.15%) were COVID-19 related. Of those, the majority (52%) explicitly excluded pregnancy or failed to address pregnancy at all (46%) and only 16 (1.7%) were pregnancy specific. When categorized by region, 688 (74.2%) of COVID-19 trials were in Asia, followed by 128 (13.8%) in Europe, and 66 (7.2%) in North America. Of the COVID-19 trials which included pregnant women, only three were randomized-controlled drug trials. \u2003Approximately 1.7% of current COVID-19 research is pregnancy related and the majority of trials either explicitly exclude or fail to address pregnancy. Only three interventional trials worldwide involved pregnant women. The knowledge gap concerning the safety and efficacy of interventions for COVID-19 created by the exclusion of pregnant women may ultimately harm them. While \"ethical\" concerns about fetal exposure are often cited, it is in fact unethical to habitually exclude pregnant women from research. \u00b7 Pregnancy was excluded from past pandemic research.. \u00b7 Pregnancy is being excluded from COVID-19 research.. \u00b7 Exclusion of pregnant women is potentially harmful.."}, {"pmid": 32359479, "pmcid": "PMC7118693", "title": "COVID-19: Epidemiology, Evolution, and Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives.", "journal": "Trends Mol Med", "authors": ["Sun, Jiumeng", "He, Wan-Ting", "Wang, Lifang", "Lai, Alexander", "Ji, Xiang", "Zhai, Xiaofeng", "Li, Gairu", "Suchard, Marc A", "Tian, Jin", "Zhou, Jiyong", "Veit, Michael", "Su, Shuo"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359479", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan turned into a public health emergency of international concern. With no antiviral drugs nor vaccines, and the presence of carriers without obvious symptoms, traditional public health intervention measures are significantly less effective. Here, we report the epidemiological and virological characteristics of the COVID-19 outbreak. Originated in bats, 2019-nCoV/ severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 likely experienced adaptive evolution in intermediate hosts before transfer to humans at a concentrated source of transmission. Similarities of receptor sequence binding to 2019-nCoV between humans and animals suggest a low species barrier for transmission of the virus to farm animals. We propose, based on the One Health model, that veterinarians and animal specialists should be involved in a cross-disciplinary collaboration in the fight against this epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32393989, "pmcid": "PMC7211978", "title": "[Infectious Socialization-The History of Contagious Bodies].", "journal": "NTM", "authors": ["Dross, Fritz"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393989", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper is part of Forum COVID-19: Perspectives in the Humanities and Social Sciences. Being a\u00a0\"trauma of mankind\" epidemics have been a\u00a0major subject of historical research for a\u00a0long time and regarding every historical period. Recurring to the concept of Rudolf Schl\u00f6gl (\"Vergesellschaftung unter Anwesenden\") my proposal is to research epidemics as a\u00a0history of the communicating body and thus including the contagium as part of this communication."}, {"pmid": 32353907, "pmcid": "PMC7267341", "title": "Coalition for medical education-A call to action: A proposition to adapt clinical medical education to meet the needs of students and other healthcare learners during COVID-19.", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Newman, Noah A", "Lattouf, Omar M"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353907", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the ongoing coronavirus, journals and the media have extensively covered the impacts on doctors,\u00a0nurses, physician assistants, and other healthcare workers. However, one group that has rarely been mentioned despite being significantly impacted is medical students and medical education overall. This piece, prepared by both a medical student and a cardiothoracic surgeon with a long career in academic medicine, discusses the recent history of medical education and how it has led to issues now with distance-based learning due to COVID-19. It concludes with a call to action for the medical education system to adapt so it can meet the needs of healthcare learners during COVID-19 and even beyond."}, {"pmid": 32318975, "pmcid": "PMC7171433", "title": "Advances in COVID-19: the virus, the pathogenesis, and evidence-based control and therapeutic strategies.", "journal": "Front Med", "authors": ["Zhou, Guangbiao", "Chen, Saijuan", "Chen, Zhu"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318975", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in early December 2019, 81 174 confirmed cases and 3242 deaths have been reported in China as of March 19, 2020. The Chinese people and government have contributed huge efforts to combat this disease, resulting in significant improvement of the situation, with 58 new cases (34 were imported cases) and 11 new deaths reported on March 19, 2020. However, as of March 19, 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to develop in 167 countries/territories outside of China, and 128 665 confirmed cases and 5536 deaths have been reported, with 16 498 new cases and 817 new deaths occurring in last 24 hours. Therefore, the world should work together to fight against this pandemic. Here, we review the recent advances in COVID-19, including the insights in the virus, the responses of the host cells, the cytokine release syndrome, and the therapeutic approaches to inhibit the virus and alleviate the cytokine storm. By sharing knowledge and deepening our understanding of the virus and the disease pathogenesis, we believe that the community can efficiently develop effective vaccines and drugs, and the mankind will eventually win this battle against this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32404798, "title": "Long-term Pulmonary Consequences of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): What We Know and What to Expect.", "journal": "J Thorac Imaging", "authors": ["Salehi, Sana", "Reddy, Sravanthi", "Gholamrezanezhad, Ali"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404798", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296269, "pmcid": "PMC7157832", "title": "Is Pakistan on track to have COVID-19 transmission and mortality rates similar to those of Italy, Iran or the USA?", "journal": "Drugs Ther Perspect", "authors": ["Javed, Bilal", "Sarwer, Abdullah", "Soto, Erik B", "Mashwani, Zia-Ur-Rehman"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296269", "countries": ["United States", "Italy", "Pakistan", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32096366, "title": "[Dynamic changes of chest CT imaging in patients with corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19)].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Wang, Jincheng", "Liu, Jinpeng", "Wang, Yuanyuan", "Liu, Wei", "Chen, Xiaoqun", "Sun, Chao", "Shen, Xiaoyong", "Wang, Qidong", "Wu, Yaping", "Liang, Wenjie", "Ruan, Lingxiang"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32096366", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze the dynamic changes of chest CT images of patients with corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19). Fifty-two cases of COVID-19 were admitted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. The consecutive chest CT scans were followed up for all patients with an average of 4 scans performed per patient during the hospitalization. The shortest interval between each scan was 2 days and the longest was 7 days. The shape, number and distribution of lung shadows, as well as the characteristics of the lesions on the CT images were reviewed. The obvious shadows infiltrating the lungs were shown on CT images in 50 cases, for other 2 cases there was no abnormal changes in the lungs during the first CT examination. Ground-glass opacities (GGO) were found in 48 cases (92.3%), and 19 cases (36.5%) had patchy consolidation and sub-consolidation, which were accompanied with air bronchi sign in 17 cases (32.7%). Forty one cases (78.8%) showed a thickened leaflet interval, 4 cases (7.6%) had a small number of fibrous stripes. During hospitalization, GGO lesions in COVID-19 patients gradually became rare, the fibrous strip shadows increased and it became the most common imaging manifestation. The lesions rapidly progressed in 39 cases (75.0%) within 6-9 days after admission. On days 10-14 of admission, the lesions distinctly resolved in 40 cases (76.9%). The chest CT images of patients with COVID-19 have certain characteristics with dynamic changes, which are of value for monitoring disease progress and clinical treatment."}, {"pmid": 32410913, "pmcid": "PMC7221379", "title": "Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Preparedness for the Novel Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic: A New York City Hospital Perspective.", "journal": "Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care", "authors": ["Verma, Sourabh", "Lumba, Rishi", "Lighter, Jennifer L", "Bailey, Sean M", "Wachtel, Elena V", "Kunjumon, Bgee", "Alessi, Samantha", "Mally, Pradeep V"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410913", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In January 2020, China reported a cluster of cases of pneumonia associated with a novel pathogenic coronavirus provisionally named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). Since then, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported in more than 180 countries with approximately 3 million known infections and more than 210,000 deaths attributed to this disease. The majority of confirmed COVID-19 cases have been reported in adults, especially older individuals with co-morbidities. Children have had a relatively lower rate and a less serious course of infection as reported in the literature to date. One of the most vulnerable pediatric patient populations is cared for in the neonatal intensive care unit. There is limited data on the effect of COVID-19 in fetal life, and among neonates after birth. Therefore there is an urgent need for proactive preparation, and planning to combat COVID-19, as well as to safeguard patients, their families, and healthcare personnel. This review article is based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) current recommendations for COVID-19 and its adaptation to our local resources. The aim of this article is to provide basic consolidated guidance and checklists to clinicians in the neonatal intensive care units in key aspects of preparation needed to counter exposure or infection with COVID-19. We anticipate that CDC will continue to update their guidelines regarding COVID-19 as the situation evolves, and we recommend monitoring CDC's updates for the most current information."}, {"pmid": 32192233, "title": "Co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and Human Metapneumovirus.", "journal": "R I Med J (2013)", "authors": ["Touzard-Romo, Francine", "Tape, Chantal", "Lonks, John R"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192233", "countries": ["China", "United States", "Jamaica"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (now called SARS-CoV-2) initially discovered in Wuhan, China, has now become a global pandemic. We describe a patient presenting to an Emergency Department in Rhode Island on March 12, 2020 with cough and shortness of breath after a trip to Jamaica. The patient underwent nasopharyngeal swab for a respiratory pathogen panel as well as SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR. When the respiratory pathogen panel was positive for human metapneumovirus, the patient was treated and discharged. SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR came back positive 24 hours later. Although respiratory viral co-infection is thought to be relatively uncommon in adults, this case reflects that SARS-CoV-2 testing algorithms that exclude patients who test positive for routine viral pathogens may miss SARS-CoV-2 co-infected patients."}, {"pmid": 32435648, "pmcid": "PMC7218121", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 Emergency and Cancer in the South of Italy: What's New for the Oncologist?", "journal": "Front Med (Lausanne)", "authors": ["Ingenito, Concetta", "Buonerba, Luciana", "Ferrara, Claudia", "Busto, Giuseppina", "Libroia, Annamaria", "Ragone, Gianluca", "Leo, Emilio", "Savastano, Beatrice", "Ioio, Concetta Dello", "De Falco, Ferdinando", "Iaccarino, Simona", "Tarantino, Luciano", "Polverino, Mario", "Di Lorenzo, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435648", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493744, "title": "Principles for clinical care of patients with COVID-19 on medical units.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Frost, David W", "Shah, Rupal", "Melvin, Lindsay", "Galan de Juana, Miguel", "MacMillan, Thomas E", "Abdelhalim, Tarek", "Lai, Alison", "Rawal, Shail", "Cavalcanti, Rodrigo B"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493744", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463545, "title": "Obesity and COVID-19: an Italian snapshot.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Busetto, Luca", "Bettini, Silvia", "Fabris, Roberto", "Serra, Roberto", "Dal Pra', Chiara", "Maffei, Pietro", "Rossato, Marco", "Fioretto, Paola", "Vettor, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463545", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 run from asymptomatic disease to severe acute respiratory syndrome. Older age and comorbidities are associated to more severe disease. A role of obesity is suspected. We enrolled patients hospitalized in the medical COVID-19 ward with SARS-CoV-2 related pneumonia. Primary outcome of the study was to assess the relationship between the severity of COVID-19 and obesity classes according to BMI. 92 patients (61.9% males; age 70.5\u00b113.3 years) were enrolled. Patients with overweight and obesity were younger than normal-weight patients (68.0\u00b112.6 and 67.0\u00b112.6 years vs. 76.1\u00b113.0 years, p<0.01). A higher need for assisted ventilation beyond pure oxygen support (Invasive Mechanical Ventilation or Non-Invasive Ventilation) and a higher admission to intensive or semi-intensive care units was observed in patients with overweight and obesity (p<0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) even after adjusting for sex, age and comorbidities (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively), or when patients with dementia or advanced cancer were removed from the analysis (p<0.05). Patients with overweight and obesity admitted in a medical ward for SARS-CoV-2 related pneumonia, despite their younger age, required more frequently assisted ventilation and access to intensive or semi-intensive care units than normal weight patients."}, {"pmid": 32475396, "pmcid": "PMC7255101", "title": "[COVID-19 and cancers. Summary of French guidelines from medical societies and their evolution].", "journal": "Bull Cancer", "authors": ["Rodrigues, Manuel"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475396", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507543, "title": "Spiking Pandemic Potential: Structural and Immunological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Trends Microbiol", "authors": ["Wang, Ying-Ting", "Landeras-Bueno, Sara", "Hsieh, Li-En", "Terada, Yutaka", "Kim, Kenneth", "Ley, Klaus", "Shresta, Sujan", "Saphire, Erica Ollmann", "Regla-Nava, Jose Angel"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507543", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious respiratory disease causing thousands of deaths and overwhelming public health systems. The international spread of SARS-CoV-2 is associated with the ease of global travel, and societal dynamics, immunologic naivet\u00e9 of the host population, and muted innate immune responses. Based on these factors and the expanding geographic scale of the disease, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic-the first caused by a coronavirus. In this review, we summarize the current epidemiological status of COVID-19 and consider the virological and immunological lessons, animal models, and tools developed in response to prior SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV outbreaks that can serve as resources for development of SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics and vaccines. In particular, we discuss structural insights into the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, a major determinant of transmissibility, and discuss key molecular aspects that will aid in understanding and fighting this new global threat."}, {"pmid": 32441360, "pmcid": "PMC7267098", "title": "Evaluation of dermatology consultations in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Temiz, Selami Aykut", "Dursun, Recep", "Daye, Munise", "Ataseven, Arzu"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441360", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It has been reported that dermatology practices may be a vector for SARS-CoV-2 transmission and elective cases should be postponed during the pandemic period. In this context, studies on the change of patient profile in Dermatology outpatient clinic have been conducted. However, there was no study in the literature about dermatology consultations during the pandemic period. One hundred and forty-seven dermatology consultation cases in the era of COVID-19 pandemic between March 11, 2020 and May 4, 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. Twenty-four patients (16.3%) had suspicion and signs of COVID during consultation (fever, cough, shortness of breath, etc.). Nine (37.5%) of these patients also had accompanying COVID-19 skin lesions (two urticarial lesions, two livedo and necrosis, two maculopapular eruption, two vesicular rashes, one pseudo-chilblain). The number of cases that were suspected to have COVID-19 was statistically significantly higher in consultations requested by the emergency department and intensive care unit, while there were no suspected cases in outpatient clinic consultations (P =\u2009.001). Two (1.4%) of these patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 confirmed by PCR within 2\u2009weeks. We acknowledge that daily practice changes frequently during this period, but still our study provides a perspective to other dermatology clinics in terms of the requested dermatology consultations during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32478606, "title": "Underutilization of Healthcare for strokes during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Int J Stroke", "authors": ["Onteddu, Sanjeeva R", "Nalleballe, Krishna", "Sharma, Rohan", "Brown, Aliza T"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478606", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32204987, "pmcid": "PMC7156150", "title": "Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Spectrum of CT Findings and Temporal Progression of the Disease.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Li, Mingzhi", "Lei, Pinggui", "Zeng, Bingliang", "Li, Zongliang", "Yu, Peng", "Fan, Bing", "Wang, Chuanhong", "Li, Zicong", "Zhou, Jian", "Hu, Shaobo", "Liu, Hao"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32204987", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease is an emerging infection caused by a novel coronavirus that is moving rapidly. High resolution computed tomography (CT) allows objective evaluation of the lung lesions, thus enabling us to better understand the pathogenesis of the disease. With serial CT examinations, the occurrence, development, and prognosis of the disease can be better understood. The imaging can be sorted into four phases: early phase, progressive phase, severe phase, and dissipative phase. The CT appearance of each phase and temporal progression of the imaging findings are demonstrated."}, {"pmid": 32366508, "pmcid": "PMC7211062", "title": "Editorial debate: Challenges an oncologist has to face during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic within a universal healthcare system.", "journal": "ESMO Open", "authors": ["Porta, Camillo"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366508", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503602, "pmcid": "PMC7273375", "title": "Two Randomized Controlled Trials of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccination to reduce absenteeism among health care workers and hospital admission by elderly persons during the COVID-19 pandemic: A structured summary of the study protocols for two randomised controlled trials.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Ten Doesschate, Thijs", "Moorlag, Simone J C F M", "van der Vaart, Thomas W", "Taks, Esther", "Debisarun, Priya", "Ten Oever, Jaap", "Bleeker-Rovers, Chantal P", "Verhagen, Patricia Bruijning", "Lalmohamed, Arief", "Ter Heine, Rob", "van Crevel, Reinout", "van de Wijgert, Janneke", "Janssen, Axel B", "Bonten, Marc J", "van Werkhoven, Cornelis H", "Netea, Mihai G"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503602", "countries": ["Denmark", "Netherlands"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The objectives of these two separate trials are: (1) to reduce health care workers (HCWs) absenteeism; and (2) to reduce hospital admission among the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic through BCG vaccination. Two separate multi-centre placebo-controlled parallel group randomized trials PARTICIPANTS: (1) Health care personnel working in the hospital or ambulance service where they will take care of patients with the COVID-19 infection and (2) elderly \u226560 years. The HCW trial is being undertaken in 9 hospitals. The elderly trial is being undertaken in locations in the community in Nijmegen, Utrecht, and Veghel, in the Netherlands, using senior citizen organisations to facilitate recruitment. For both trials the intervention group will be randomized to vaccination with 0.1 ml of the licensed BCG vaccine (Danish strain 1331, SSI, Denmark, equivalent to 0.075 mg attenuated M. bovis). The placebo group consists of 0.1 ml 0.9% NaCl, which is the same amount, and has the same colour and appearance as the suspended BCG vaccine. (1) Number of days of unplanned work absenteeism in HCWs for any reason which can be continuously measured on a bi-weekly basis, and (2) the cumulative incidence of hospital admission due to documented COVID-19. Participants will be randomized to BCG vaccine or placebo (1;1) centrally using a computer- based system, stratified by study centre. Subjects, investigators, physicians and outcome assessors are blinded for the intervention. Only the pharmacist assistant that prepares- and research personnel that administers- study medicines are unblinded. NUMBERS TO BE RANDOMISED (SAMPLE SIZE): (1) The sample size for the first trial is N=1500 HCWs randomised 1:1 to either BCG vaccine (n=750) and placebo (n=750) and (2) The sample size for the second trial is N=1600 elderly persons randomised to BCG vaccine (n=800) and the placebo group (n=800). HCW: version 4.0, 24-04-2020. Recruitment began 25-03-2020 and was completed on the 23-04-2020. Elderly: version 3.0, 04-04-2020. Recruitment began 16-04- 2020 and is ongoing. The HCWs trial was registered 31-03-2020 at clinicaltrials.gov (identifier: NCT04328441) and registered 20-03-2020 at the Dutch Trial Registry (trialregister.nl, identifier Trial NL8477). The elderly trial was registered 22-04-2020 at the Dutch trial registry with number NL8547. The full protocols will be attached as additional files, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32264813, "title": "Epidemiology of Coronavirus Disease Outbreak: The Italian Trends.", "journal": "Rev Recent Clin Trials", "authors": ["Abenavoli, Ludovico", "Cinaglia, Pietro", "Luzza, Francesco", "Gentile, Ivan", "Boccuto, Luigi"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32264813", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350228, "title": "Epidemiology of COVID-19 Outbreak in Japan, January-March 2020.", "journal": "Jpn J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Furuse, Yuki", "K Ko, Yura", "Saito, Mayuko", "Shobugawa, Yugo", "Jindai, Kazuaki", "Saito, Tomoya", "Nishiura, Hiroshi", "Sunagawa, Tomimasa", "Suzuki, Motoi"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350228", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405138, "pmcid": "PMC7218393", "title": "Reply to Peng He, Xiaohui Wang, and Hao Li's Letter to the Editor re: Yu Xiao, Kaiyu Qian, Yongwen Luo, et al. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Renal Failure Patients: A Potential Covert Source of Infection. Eur Urol. In press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2020.03.025.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Xiao, Yu", "Qian, Kaiyu", "Luo, Yongwen", "Chen, Song", "Lu, Mengxin", "Wang, Gang", "Ju, Lingao", "Wang, Xinghuan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405138", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377636, "pmcid": "PMC7184434", "title": "The Risk of SARS-CoV-2 in Immunosuppressed IBD Patients.", "journal": "Crohns Colitis 360", "authors": ["Higgins, Peter D R", "Ng, Siew", "Danese, Silvio", "Rao, Krishna"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377636", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is a rapid review of the risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2, the risk of symptomatic cases of COVID-19, and the severity of these cases in IBD patients. Guidance on how to manage IBD patients at risk for infection, and IBD patients after infection is provided. The prevention of infection in both patients and health care providers by reducing elective visits and procedures, utilizing telemedicine, and social isolation is also emphasized to maintain health care services for IBD patients during a growing pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32335407, "pmcid": "PMC7194726", "title": "The sensitivity and specificity analyses of ambient temperature and population size on the transmission rate of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in different provinces of Iran.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Jahangiri, Mehdi", "Jahangiri, Milad", "Najafgholipour, Mohammadamir"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335407", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 10 April 2020, Iran reported 68,192 COVID-19 cumulative cases including 4232 death and 35,465 recovery cases. Numerous factors could influence the transmission rate and survival of coronavirus. On this basis and according to the latest epidemiological researches, both ambient temperature (AT) and population size (PS) can be considered as significant transmissibility factors for coronavirus. The analysis of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) allows measuring the performance of a classification model using the confusion matrix. This study intends to investigate the sensitivity of AT and PS on the transmission rate of the novel coronavirus in different provinces of Iran. For this purpose, the information of each province of Iran including the annual average of AT and the number of healthy and diseased cases are categorized. Subsequently, the sensitivity and specificity analyses of both AT and PS factors are performed. The obtained results confirm that AT and PS have low sensibility and high sensitivity, respectively. Thus, there is no scientific reason to confirm that the number of COVID-19 cases in warmer climates is less than that of moderate or cold climates. Therefore, it is recommended that the cities/provinces with a population of over 1.7 million people have stricter inspections and more precise controls as their management policy."}, {"pmid": 32248880, "pmcid": "PMC7160161", "title": "Management-supportive measures for managers of healthcare organizations during the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Dehnavieh, Reza", "Kalavani, Khalil"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32248880", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441680, "title": "New Normal Terminology.", "journal": "Clin J Oncol Nurs", "authors": ["Carr, Ellen"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441680", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has required us to recognize a new normal and other additions to our general and clinical vocabulary. Some were preexisting terms that now have been broadened or changed during these unprecedented times. Others have helped to bring to light some of the issues or difficulties that healthcare professionals faced prior to this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32488190, "title": "These methods from psychiatry can help you beat stress during the coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Marques, Luana"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488190", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345862, "pmcid": "PMC7228030", "title": "Preparing for the aftermath of COVID-19: important considerations for healthcare providers and hospital administrators.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Holthof, Niels"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345862", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32146245, "pmcid": "PMC7112608", "title": "Psychological crisis intervention during the outbreak period of new coronavirus pneumonia from experience in Shanghai.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Jiang, Xixi", "Deng, Lili", "Zhu, Yuncheng", "Ji, Haifeng", "Tao, Lily", "Liu, Li", "Yang, Daoliang", "Ji, Weidong"], "date": "2020-03-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32146245", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the middle of December 2019, human-to-human transmission of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) has occurred among close contacts. At the same time, greater attention should be paid to psychological crisis intervention (PCI) among affected populations, for the timely prevention of inestimable damage from a secondary psychological crisis. PCI has been initiated via remote (telephone and internet) and onsite medical services to help medical workers, patients, and others affected to overcome any psychological difficulties. This paper outlines experiences based on the work of the Shanghai Medical Team."}, {"pmid": 32433444, "title": "The Role of the Pediatric Intensivist in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.", "journal": "Pediatr Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Rubio, Miguel", "Camporesi, Anna", "de la Oliva, Pedro"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433444", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333691, "pmcid": "PMC7267620", "title": "Managing People with Diabetes Fasting for Ramadan During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A South Asian Health Foundation Update.", "journal": "Diabet Med", "authors": ["Hanif, S", "Ali, S N", "Hassanein, M", "Khunti, K", "Hanif, W"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333691", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The month of Ramadan forms one of the five pillars of the Muslim faith. Adult Muslims are obligated to keep daily fasts from dawn to sunset, with exceptions. This year Ramadan is due to begin on 23\u00a0April 2020 and the longest fast in the UK will be approximately 18 hours in length. In addition, due to the often high-calorie meals eaten to break the fast, Ramadan should be seen as a cycle of fasting and feasting. Ramadan fasting can impact those with diabetes, increasing the risk of hypoglycaemia, hyperglycaemia and dehydration. This year, Ramadan will occur during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Reports show that diabetes appears to be a risk factor for more severe disease with COVID-19. In addition, the UK experience has shown diabetes and COVID-19 is associated with dehydration, starvation ketosis, diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state. This makes fasting in Ramadan particularly challenging for those Muslims with diabetes. Here, we discuss the implications of fasting in Ramadan during the COVID-19 pandemic and make recommendations for those with diabetes who wish to fast."}, {"pmid": 32445581, "title": "COVID-19: Legal implications for critical care.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Coghlan, N", "Archard, D", "Sipanoun, P", "Hayes, T", "Baharlo, B"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445581", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented challenge for the provision of critical care. Anticipating an unsustainable burden on the health service, the UK Government introduced numerous legislative measures culminating in the Coronavirus Act, which interfere with existing legislation and rights. However, the existing standards and legal frameworks relevant to critical care clinicians are not extinguished, but anticipated to adapt to a new context. This new context influences the standard of care that can be reasonably provided and yields many human rights considerations, for example, in the use of restraints, or the restrictions placed on patients and visitors under the Infection Prevention and Control guidance. The changing landscape has also highlighted previously unrecognised legal dilemmas. The perceived difficulties in the provision of personal protective equipment for employees pose a legal risk for Trusts and a regulatory risk for clinicians. The spectre of rationing critical care poses a number of legal issues. Notably, the flux between clinical decisions based on best interests towards decisions explicitly based on resource considerations should be underpinned by an authoritative public policy decision to preserve legitimacy and lawfulness. Such a policy should be medically coherent, legally robust and ethically justified. The current crisis poses numerous challenges for clinicians aspiring to remain faithful to medicolegal and human rights principles developed over many decades, especially when such principles could easily be dismissed. However, it is exactly at such times that these principles are needed the most and clinicians play a disproportionate role in safeguarding them for the most vulnerable."}, {"pmid": 32474031, "pmcid": "PMC7263270", "title": "Experience of short-term hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in COVID-19 patients and effect on QTc trend.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Hor, Chee Peng", "Hussin, Narwani", "Nalliah, Saravanaa", "Ooi, Way Ti", "Tang, Xing Yi", "Zachariah, Sara", "Jugindar Singh, Gurpreet Pal Singh", "Abdul Rani, Rosilawati", "Perumal, Kunaraj", "Cheah, Wee Kooi"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474031", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379955, "pmcid": "PMC7224609", "title": "Observational Study of Hydroxychloroquine in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Geleris, Joshua", "Sun, Yifei", "Platt, Jonathan", "Zucker, Jason", "Baldwin, Matthew", "Hripcsak, George", "Labella, Angelena", "Manson, Daniel", "Kubin, Christine", "Barr, R Graham", "Sobieszczyk, Magdalena E", "Schluger, Neil W"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379955", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine has been widely administered to patients with Covid-19 without robust evidence supporting its use. We examined the association between hydroxychloroquine use and intubation or death at a large medical center in New York City. Data were obtained regarding consecutive patients hospitalized with Covid-19, excluding those who were intubated, died, or discharged within 24 hours after presentation to the emergency department (study baseline). The primary end point was a composite of intubation or death in a time-to-event analysis. We compared outcomes in patients who received hydroxychloroquine with those in patients who did not, using a multivariable Cox model with inverse probability weighting according to the propensity score. Of 1446 consecutive patients, 70 patients were intubated, died, or discharged within 24 hours after presentation and were excluded from the analysis. Of the remaining 1376 patients, during a median follow-up of 22.5 days, 811 (58.9%) received hydroxychloroquine (600 mg twice on day 1, then 400 mg daily for a median of 5 days); 45.8% of the patients were treated within 24 hours after presentation to the emergency department, and 85.9% within 48 hours. Hydroxychloroquine-treated patients were more severely ill at baseline than those who did not receive hydroxychloroquine (median ratio of partial pressure of arterial oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen, 223 vs. 360). Overall, 346 patients (25.1%) had a primary end-point event (180 patients were intubated, of whom 66 subsequently died, and 166 died without intubation). In the main analysis, there was no significant association between hydroxychloroquine use and intubation or death (hazard ratio, 1.04, 95% confidence interval, 0.82 to 1.32). Results were similar in multiple sensitivity analyses. In this observational study involving patients with Covid-19 who had been admitted to the hospital, hydroxychloroquine administration was not associated with either a greatly lowered or an increased risk of the composite end point of intubation or death. Randomized, controlled trials of hydroxychloroquine in patients with Covid-19 are needed. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health.)."}, {"pmid": 32278932, "pmcid": "PMC7194873", "title": "COVID-19: Initial experience of an international group of hand surgeons.", "journal": "Hand Surg Rehabil", "authors": ["Ducournau, F", "Arianni, M", "Awwad, S", "Baur, E-M", "Beaulieu, J-Y", "Bouloudhnine, M", "Caloia, M", "Chagar, K", "Chen, Z", "Chin, A Y", "Chow, E C", "Cobb, T", "David, Y", "Delgado, P J", "Woon Man Fok, M", "French, R", "Golubev, I", "Haugstvedt, J R", "Ichihara, S", "Jorquera, R A", "Koo, S C J J", "Lee, J Y", "Lee, Y K", "Lee, Y J", "Liu, B", "Kaleli, T", "Mantovani, G R", "Mathoulin, C", "Messina, J C", "Muccioli, C", "Nazerani, S", "Ng, C Y", "Obdeijn, M C", "Van Overstraeten, L", "Prasetyono, T O H", "Ross, M", "Shih, J T", "Smith, N", "Suarez R, F A", "Chan, P-T", "Tiemdjo, H", "Wahegaonkar, A", "Wells, M C", "Wong, W-Y", "Wu, F", "Yang, X F", "Yanni, D", "Yao, J", "Liverneaux, P A"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278932", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected medical treatment protocols throughout the world. While the pandemic does not affect hand surgeons at first glance, they have a role to play. The purpose of this study was to describe the different measures that have been put in place in response to the COVID-19 pandemic by hand surgeons throughout the world. The survey comprised 47 surgeons working in 34 countries who responded to an online questionnaire. We found that the protocols varied in terms of visitors, health professionals in the operating room, patient waiting areas, wards and emergency rooms. Based on these preliminary findings, an international consensus on hand surgery practices for the current viral pandemic, and future ones, needs to be built rapidly."}, {"pmid": 32502723, "pmcid": "PMC7263267", "title": "Nursing education in a pandemic: Academic challenges in response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Nurse Educ Today", "authors": ["Dewart, Georgia", "Corcoran, Lynn", "Thirsk, Lorraine", "Petrovic, Kristin"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502723", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449757, "title": "Weathering the Storm: Managing Older Adults with Breast Cancer Amid COVID-19 and Beyond.", "journal": "J Natl Cancer Inst", "authors": ["Freedman, Rachel A", "Sedrak, Mina S", "Bellon, Jennifer R", "Block, Caroline C", "Lin, Nancy U", "King, Tari A", "Minami, Christina", "VanderWalde, Noam", "Jolly, Trevor A", "Muss, Hyman B", "Winer, Eric P"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449757", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Caring for older patients with breast cancer presents unique clinical considerations due to preexisting and competing comorbidity, the potential for treatment-related toxicity, and the consequent impact on functional status. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, treatment decision-making for older patients is especially challenging and encourages us to re-focus our treatment priorities. While we work to avoid treatment delays and maintain therapeutic benefit, we also need to minimize the risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposures, myelosuppression, general chemotherapy toxicity, and functional decline. Herein, we propose multidisciplinary care considerations for the aging patient with breast cancer, with the goal to promote a team-based, multidisciplinary treatment approach during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. These considerations remain relevant as we navigate the 'new normal' for the approximately 30% of breast cancer patients age \u226570 years who are diagnosed in the U.S. annually and for the thousands of older patients living with recurrent and/or metastatic disease."}, {"pmid": 32459372, "title": "COVID-19 and renin-angiotensin system inhibition: role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) - Is there any scientific evidence for controversy?", "journal": "J Intern Med", "authors": ["Aleksova, A", "Ferro, F", "Gagno, G", "Cappelletto, C", "Santon, D", "Rossi, M", "Ippolito, G", "Zumla, A", "Beltrami, A P", "Sinagra, G"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459372", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers are extensively used worldwide to treat many cardiovascular disorders, where they are effective in reducing both mortality and morbidity. These drugs are known to induce an increased expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). ACE2 acts as receptor for the novel SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) which raising the important issue of possible detrimental effects that RAS blockers could exert on the natural history and pathogenesis of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and associated excessive inflammation, myocarditis and cardiac arrhythmias. We review the current knowledge on the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 infection and RAS blockers and suggest a scientific rationale for continuing RAS blockers therapy in patients with COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32217719, "title": "COVID-19 drives new threat to bats in China.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Zhao, Huabin"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217719", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528154, "title": "COVID-19 in Africa: the spread and response.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Massinga Loembe, Marguerite", "Tshangela, Akhona", "Salyer, Stephanie J", "Varma, Jay K", "Ouma, Ahmed E Ogwell", "Nkengasong, John N"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528154", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425200, "pmcid": "PMC7231494", "title": "Prenatal Care Redesign: Creating Flexible Maternity Care Models Through Virtual Care.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Peahl, Alex F", "Smith, Roger D", "Moniz, Michelle H"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425200", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Each year, over 98% of the almost 4 million pregnant patients in the United States receive prenatal care-a crucial preventive service to improve outcomes for moms and babies. National guidelines currently recommend 12-14 in-person prenatal visits, a schedule unchanged since 1930. In scrutinizing the standard prenatal visit schedule, it quickly becomes clear that prenatal care is overdue for a redesign. We have strong evidence of the benefit of many prenatal services, like screening for gestational diabetes and maternal vaccination. Yet how to deliver these services is much less clear. Studies of prenatal services consistently demonstrate such care can be delivered in fewer than 14 visits, and that we do not need to provide all maternity services in person. Telemedicine has emerged as a promising care delivery option for patients seeking greater flexibility, and early trials leveraging virtual care and remote monitoring have shown positive maternal and fetal outcomes with high patient satisfaction. Our institution has worked for the past year on a new prenatal care pathway. Our initial work assessed the literature, elicited patient perspectives, and captured the insights of experts in patient-centered care delivery. Two key principles emerged to inform prenatal care redesign: 1) design care delivery around essential services, using in-person care for services that cannot be delivered remotely and offering video visits for other essential services; and 2) create flexible services for anticipatory guidance and psychosocialsupport that allow patients to tailor support to meet their needs through opt-in programs. The rise of COVID-19 prompted us to extend this early work and rapidly implement a redesigned prenatal care pathway. In this paper, we outline our experience rapidly transitioning prenatal care to a new model with 4 in-person visits, 1 ultrasound visit, and 4 virtual visits (the 4-1-4 prenatal plan). We then explore how lessons from this implementation can inform patient-centered prenatal care redesign during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32464297, "pmcid": "PMC7247983", "title": "Infection control practices in children during COVID-19 pandemic: differences from adults.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Devrim, Ilker", "Bayram, Nuri"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464297", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Limited studies have been published on practices and management of COVID-19 in children. Despite the fact that COVID-19 rarely caused any severe disease in children, the asymptomatic children might be playing an important role for spreading COVID-19 in healthcare facilities. This review aimed at sharing our experience of how to handle patients with COVID-19 in a pediatric referral and tertiary care hospital to prevent the possible transmissions to the healthcare workers (HCWs). This review sought to identify infection control practices measures during COVID-19 pandemic comes from our daily practice combined with the most recent guidelines with the new experience and information. Prevention the transmission of COVID-19 to the HCWs, four primary themes should be taken into consideration; (1) ongoing education and importance of the organization of the healthcare facility, (2) proper clinical triage and isolation of the suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients in the outpatient clinics and in the emergency departments, (3) necessity of the organization of the COVID-19 wards, and (4) utilization of personal protective equipment. Infection control precautions to prevent the possible transmissions to HCWs as well as the other patients and their caregivers from children with COVID-19 are very critical. If sufficient precautions are not taken, healthcare settings may serve as additional source of transmission and spread of COVID-19 in the society."}, {"pmid": 32379312, "pmcid": "PMC7239200", "title": "What COVID-19 is taking away from us.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Mapelli, Massimo"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379312", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32309815, "pmcid": "PMC7162623", "title": "Transient Brugada-like ECG pattern in a patient with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "JACC Case Rep", "authors": ["Vidovich, Mladen I"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32309815", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468196, "pmcid": "PMC7255634", "title": "Remdesivir in Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Benefit-Risk Assessment.", "journal": "Drug Saf", "authors": ["Davies, Miranda", "Osborne, Vicki", "Lane, Samantha", "Roy, Debabrata", "Dhanda, Sandeep", "Evans, Alison", "Shakir, Saad"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468196", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is a need to identify effective, safe treatments for COVID-19 (coronavirus disease) rapidly, given the current, ongoing pandemic. A systematic benefit-risk assessment was designed and conducted to examine the benefit-risk profile of remdesivir in COVID-19 patients compared with standard of care, placebo or other treatments. A key objective of this study was to provide a platform for a dynamic systematic benefit-risk evaluation, which starts with inevitably limited information (to meet the urgent unmet public health need worldwide), then update the benefit-risk evaluation as more data become available. The Benefit-Risk Action Team (BRAT) framework was used to assess the overall benefit-risk of the use of remdesivir as a treatment for COVID-19 compared with standard of care, placebo or other treatments. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar and government agency websites to identify literature reporting clinical outcomes in patients taking remdesivir for COVID-19. A value tree was constructed and key benefits and risks were ranked by two clinicians in order of considered importance. Using the BRAT method, several key benefits and risks for use of remdesivir in COVID-19 compared with placebo have been identified. In one trial, the benefit of time to clinical improvement was not statistically significant (21 vs 23\u00a0days, HR 1.23, 95% CI 0.87-1.75), although the study was underpowered. In another trial, a shorter time to recovery in patients treated with remdesivir was observed (11 vs 15\u00a0days), with non-significant reduced mortality risk (8% vs 12%). Risk data were only available from one trial. This trial reported fewer serious adverse events in patients taking remdesivir (18%) compared with the placebo group (26%); however, more patients in the remdesivir group discontinued treatment as a result of an adverse event compared with those patients receiving placebo (12% vs 5%). Preliminary clinical trial results suggest that there may be a favourable benefit-risk profile for remdesivir compared with placebo in severe COVID-19 infection and further data on benefits would strengthen this evaluation. There is limited safety data for remdesivir, which should be obtained in further studies. The current framework summarises the key anticipated benefits and risks for which further data are needed. Ongoing clinical trial data can be incorporated into the framework when available to provide an updated benefit-risk assessment."}, {"pmid": 32251637, "pmcid": "PMC7129487", "title": "From China: hope and lessons for COVID-19 control.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Azman, Andrew S", "Luquero, Francisco J"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251637", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433465, "pmcid": "PMC7239918", "title": "Immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine candidate for COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Commun", "authors": ["Smith, Trevor R F", "Patel, Ami", "Ramos, Stephanie", "Elwood, Dustin", "Zhu, Xizhou", "Yan, Jian", "Gary, Ebony N", "Walker, Susanne N", "Schultheis, Katherine", "Purwar, Mansi", "Xu, Ziyang", "Walters, Jewell", "Bhojnagarwala, Pratik", "Yang, Maria", "Chokkalingam, Neethu", "Pezzoli, Patrick", "Parzych, Elizabeth", "Reuschel, Emma L", "Doan, Arthur", "Tursi, Nicholas", "Vasquez, Miguel", "Choi, Jihae", "Tello-Ruiz, Edgar", "Maricic, Igor", "Bah, Mamadou A", "Wu, Yuanhan", "Amante, Dinah", "Park, Daniel H", "Dia, Yaya", "Ali, Ali Raza", "Zaidi, Faraz I", "Generotti, Alison", "Kim, Kevin Y", "Herring, Timothy A", "Reeder, Sophia", "Andrade, Viviane M", "Buttigieg, Karen", "Zhao, Gan", "Wu, Jiun-Ming", "Li, Dan", "Bao, Linlin", "Liu, Jiangning", "Deng, Wei", "Qin, Chuan", "Brown, Ami Shah", "Khoshnejad, Makan", "Wang, Nianshuang", "Chu, Jacqueline", "Wrapp, Daniel", "McLellan, Jason S", "Muthumani, Kar", "Wang, Bin", "Carroll, Miles W", "Kim, J Joseph", "Boyer, Jean", "Kulp, Daniel W", "Humeau, Laurent M P F", "Weiner, David B", "Broderick, Kate E"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433465", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus family member, SARS-CoV-2 has been identified as the causal agent for the pandemic viral pneumonia disease, COVID-19. At this time, no vaccine is available to control further dissemination of the disease. We have previously engineered a synthetic DNA vaccine targeting the MERS coronavirus Spike (S) protein, the major surface antigen of coronaviruses, which is currently in clinical study. Here we build on this prior experience to generate a synthetic DNA-based vaccine candidate targeting SARS-CoV-2 S protein. The engineered construct, INO-4800, results in robust expression of the S protein in vitro. Following immunization of mice and guinea pigs with INO-4800 we measure antigen-specific T cell responses, functional antibodies which neutralize the SARS-CoV-2 infection and block Spike protein binding to the ACE2 receptor, and biodistribution of SARS-CoV-2 targeting antibodies to the lungs. This preliminary dataset identifies INO-4800 as a potential COVID-19 vaccine candidate, supporting further translational study."}, {"pmid": 32360881, "pmcid": "PMC7192102", "title": "Environmental contamination of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare premises.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Ye, Guangming", "Lin, Hualiang", "Chen, Song", "Wang, Shichan", "Zeng, Zhikun", "Wang, Wei", "Zhang, Shiyu", "Rebmann, Terri", "Li, Yirong", "Pan, Zhenyu", "Yang, Zhonghua", "Wang, Ying", "Wang, Fubing", "Qian, Zhengmin", "Wang, Xinghuan"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360881", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A large number of healthcare workers (HCWs) were infected by SARS-CoV-2 during the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Hospitals are significant epicenters for the human-to-human transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 for HCWs, patients, and visitors. No data has been reported on the details of hospital environmental contamination status in the epicenter of Wuhan. We collected 626 surface swabs within the Zhongnan Medical Center in Wuhan in the mist of the COVID-19 outbreak between February 7 - February 27, 2020. Dacron swabs were aseptically collected from the surfaces of 13 hospital function zones, five major objects, and three major PPE. The SARS-CoV-2 RNAs were detected by reverse transcription-PCR. The most contaminated zones were the intensive care unit specialized for taking care of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) (31.9%), Obstetric Isolation Ward specialized for pregnant women with NCP (28.1%), and Isolation Ward for NCP (19.6%). We classified the 13 zones into four contamination levels. The most contaminated objects were self-service printers (20.0%), desktop/keyboard (16.8%), and doorknob (16.0%). Both hand sanitizer dispensers (20.3%) and gloves (15.4%) were the most contaminated PPE. Our findings emphasize the urgent need to ensure adequate environmental cleaning, strengthen infection prevention training, and improve infection prevention among HCWs during the outbreak of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32533874, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and Zagreb earthquakes as stressors in patients with temporomandibular disorders.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Vrbanovic, Ema", "Alajbeg, Iva Z", "Alajbeg, Ivan"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533874", "countries": ["Croatia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Stress refers to situations in which one feels that the demands imposed on them exceed the limitations of their ability to adapt. This causes a series of adverse consequences among which is compromised health (Lazarus and Folkman, 1984). On 11th March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the pandemic status of COVID-19 diseases, leading to the European Union states imposing the lockdown, Croatia being one among them. Infection prevention became the nation's most important goal, and people had to change their day-to-day habits."}, {"pmid": 32345522, "pmcid": "PMC7176388", "title": "COVID-19: Importance of the Awareness of the Clinical Syndrome by Urologists.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Sighinolfi, Maria Chiara", "Rocco, Bernardo", "Mussini, Cristina"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345522", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333375, "pmcid": "PMC7181401", "title": "Protect Healthcare Workers and Patients from COVID-19: The Experience of Two Tertiary Ophthalmology Care Referral Centers in Italy.", "journal": "Ophthalmol Ther", "authors": ["Parravano, Mariacristina", "Borrelli, Enrico", "Costanzo, Eliana", "Sacconi, Riccardo", "Varano, Monica", "Querques, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333375", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512530, "title": "Neuropsychiatric aspects of COVID-19 pandemic: A selective review.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Dinakaran, Damodharan", "Manjunatha, Narayana", "Naveen Kumar, Channaveerachari", "Suresh, Bada Math"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512530", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Review"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona virus disease (COVID-19) has been declared as a controllable pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 though is a predominantly respiratory illness; it can also affect brain and other organs like kidneys, heart and liver. Neuropsychiatric manifestations are common during viral pandemics but are not effectively addressed. Fever and cough are common symptoms only in infected individuals but headache and sleep disturbances are common even in uninfected general public. In this selective review, the authors report the available evidence of neuropsychiatric morbidity during the current COVID-19 crisis. The authors also discuss the postulated neuronal mechanisms of the corona virus infection sequelae."}, {"pmid": 32450476, "pmcid": "PMC7236686", "title": "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in COVID-19 patients - To do or not to?", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Kapoor, Indu", "Prabhakar, Hemanshu", "Mahajan, Charu"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450476", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270184, "pmcid": "PMC7184390", "title": "Comparative replication and immune activation profiles of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV in human lungs: an ex vivo study with implications for the pathogenesis of COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chu, Hin", "Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo", "Wang, Yixin", "Yuen, Terrence Tsz-Tai", "Chai, Yue", "Hou, Yuxin", "Shuai, Huiping", "Yang, Dong", "Hu, Binjie", "Huang, Xiner", "Zhang, Xi", "Cai, Jian-Piao", "Zhou, Jie", "Yuan, Shuofeng", "Kok, Kin-Hang", "To, Kelvin Kai-Wang", "Chan, Ivy Hau-Yee", "Zhang, Anna Jinxia", "Sit, Ko-Yung", "Au, Wing-Kuk", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270184", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging coronavirus that has resulted in nearly 1,000,000 laboratory-confirmed cases including over 50,000 deaths. Although SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV share a number of common clinical manifestations, SARS-CoV-2 appears to be highly efficient in person-to-person transmission and frequently cause asymptomatic infections. However, the underlying mechanism that confers these viral characteristics on high transmissibility and asymptomatic infection remain incompletely understood. We comprehensively investigated the replication, cell tropism, and immune activation profile of SARS-CoV-2 infection in human lung tissues with SARS-CoV included as a comparison. SARS-CoV-2 infected and replicated in human lung tissues more efficiently than that of SARS-CoV. Within the 48-hour interval, SARS-CoV-2 generated 3.20 folds more infectious virus particles than that of SARS-CoV from the infected lung tissues (P<0.024). SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV were similar in cell tropism, with both targeting types I and II pneumocytes, and alveolar macrophages. Importantly, despite the more efficient virus replication, SARS-CoV-2 did not significantly induce types I, II, or III interferons in the infected human lung tissues. In addition, while SARS-CoV infection upregulated the expression of 11 out of 13 (84.62%) representative pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, SARS-CoV-2 infection only upregulated 5 of these 13 (38.46%) key inflammatory mediators despite replicating more efficiently. Our study provided the first quantitative data on the comparative replication capacity and immune activation profile of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV infection in human lung tissues. Our results provided important insights on the pathogenesis, high transmissibility, and asymptomatic infection of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32291262, "title": "Covid-19: Black people and other minorities are hardest hit in US.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291262", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484227, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: A Collection of Relevant Publications from Military Medicine.", "journal": "Mil Med", "authors": ["Talbot, Laura A", "Haffner, William H J", "Rice, Charles L", "Rothwell, Stephen W"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484227", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463206, "title": "Relieving the sensation of suffocation in patients dying with COVID-19.", "journal": "Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen", "authors": ["Kiserud, Yngve", "Rosland, Jan Henrik"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463206", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367767, "pmcid": "PMC7256353", "title": "Potential inhibitors of coronavirus 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CL(pro)): an in silico screening of alkaloids and terpenoids from African medicinal plants.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Gyebi, Gideon A", "Ogunro, Olalekan B", "Adegunloye, Adegbenro P", "Ogunyemi, Oludare M", "Afolabi, Saheed O"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367767", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-COV-2 has raised myriad of global concerns. There is currently no FDA approved antiviral strategy to alleviate the disease burden. The conserved 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), which controls coronavirus replication is a promising drug target for combating the coronavirus infection. This study screens some African plants derived alkaloids and terpenoids as potential inhibitors of coronavirus 3CLpro using in silico approach. Bioactive alkaloids (62) and terpenoids (100) of plants native to Africa were docked to the 3CLpro of the novel SARS-CoV-2. The top twenty alkaloids and terpenoids with high binding affinities to the SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro were further docked to the 3CLpro of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. The docking scores were compared with 3CLpro-referenced inhibitors (Lopinavir and Ritonavir). The top docked compounds were further subjected to ADEM/Tox and Lipinski filtering analyses for drug-likeness prediction analysis. This ligand-protein interaction study revealed that more than half of the top twenty alkaloids and terpenoids interacted favourably with the coronaviruses 3CLpro, and had binding affinities that surpassed that of lopinavir and ritonavir. Also, a highly defined hit-list of seven compounds (10-Hydroxyusambarensine, Cryptoquindoline, 6-Oxoisoiguesterin, 22-Hydroxyhopan-3-one, Cryptospirolepine, Isoiguesterin and 20-Epibryonolic acid) were identified. Furthermore, four non-toxic, druggable plant derived alkaloids (10-Hydroxyusambarensine, and Cryptoquindoline) and terpenoids (6-Oxoisoiguesterin and 22-Hydroxyhopan-3-one), that bind to the receptor-binding site and catalytic dyad of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro were identified from the predictive ADME/tox and Lipinski filter analysis. However, further experimental analyses are required for developing these possible leads into natural anti-COVID-19 therapeutic agents for combating the pandemic.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32484115, "title": "Life after COVID-19: preparing for changes in mental healthcare service demand.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["O'Sullivan, Owen P"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484115", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457198, "pmcid": "PMC7251245", "title": "Active tuberculosis, sequelae and COVID-19 co-infection: first cohort of 49 cases.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Tadolini, Marina", "Codecasa, Luigi Ruffo", "Garcia-Garcia, Jose-Maria", "Blanc, Francois-Xavier", "Borisov, Sergey", "Alffenaar, Jan-Willem", "Andrejak, Claire", "Bachez, Pierre", "Bart, Pierre-Alexandre", "Belilovski, Evgeny", "Cardoso-Landivar, Jose", "Centis, Rosella", "D'Ambrosio, Lia", "De Souza-Galvao, Maria-Luiza", "Dominguez-Castellano, Angel", "Dourmane, Samir", "Jachym, Mathilde Frechet", "Froissart, Antoine", "Giacomet, Vania", "Goletti, Delia", "Grard, Soazic", "Gualano, Gina", "Izadifar, Armine", "Le Du, Damien", "Royo, Margarita Marin", "Mazza-Stalder, Jesica", "Motta, Ilaria", "Ong, Catherine Wei Min", "Palmieri, Fabrizio", "Riviere, Frederic", "Rodrigo, Teresa", "Rossato Silva, Denise", "Sanchez-Montalva, Adrian", "Saporiti, Matteo", "Scarpellini, Paolo", "Schlemmer, Frederic", "Spanevello, Antonio", "Sumarokova, Elena", "Tabernero, Eva", "Tambyah, Paul Anantharajah", "Tiberi, Simon", "Torre, Alessandro", "Visca, Dina", "Murguiondo, Miguel Zabaleta", "Sotgiu, Giovanni", "Migliori, Giovanni Battista"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457198", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361715, "title": "Clinical trials and the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Hell J Nucl Med", "authors": ["Retsas, Spyros"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361715", "countries": ["United States", "Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\"...but why think? Why not try the experiment?...\" John Hunter (1728-1793), in a letter to Edward Jenner. August 2nd, 1775. When Galen of Pergamum (2nd c. A.D.), physician, philosopher and experimentalist, sought to ascertain the therapeutic properties of Theriac, an antidote of repute against poisons, he resorted to an experiment. Theriac or Theriaca was a compound drug, containing in some versions used in antiquity numerous components; Galen's own composition included over 70 ingredients! One of its uses was as an antidote against snakebites, a frequent peril for the Roman armies marching on in sandals. Galen spent most of his life in Rome and was elevated to Imperial Physician at the court of Marcus Aurelius, who apparently took daily doses of Theriac, which among other components included opium. Describing the experiment to his friend Pison, Galen wrote, \"as I could not possibly conduct a trial on humans, I experimented on roosters\" For his experiment, Galen, studied two groups of roosters, but he doesn't tell us how many animals he included in each category. Both groups were exposed to poisonous snakebites. All roosters who were fed with theriac prior to exposure to viper bites survived, whereas in the second group that had not received prophylactic Theriac, all roosters died. Not only is Galen's methodology remarkable, preceding the modern randomised trial by eighteen centuries, but more importantly, it is notable for his ethical stance at a time when sensitivities about human rights, prevalent in our times, were largely absent in societies of widespread slavery. For example, Mithridates VI (132-63 BC), the King of Pontus who is credited with the first use of Theriac, tested its efficacy on criminals and slaves. For his experiment Galen used the random allocation of treatment, today's prospective randomised clinical trial, implemented in the evaluation of novel therapies, widely used internationally, particularly in cancer research! This experimental method used for ascertaining the efficacy of new drugs became established after the second half of the 20th century and is now firmly entrenched as a research tool. On the other hand, the retrieval of information from observational studies or non-randomised series is considered scientifically inferior and is often dismissed or ignored as irrelevant or anecdotal. Such is the compulsion for the randomised study that in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, respected physicians and scientists appeared in the media hesitant to recommend the use of protective facial masks, as there was no evidence of benefit for their use from prospective randomised studies in the general population! Logic had no place in the argument! COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 new corona virus, brought to the fore the randomised trial, as well as, the ethical dilemmas that surround the allocation of treatment at random, in the face of a devastating pandemic. Anthony Fauci, distinguished infectious diseases expert and an adviser to the President of the USA, at a recent briefing from the Situation Room of the White House, endorsed categorically and unreservedly the randomised trial for the evaluation of drugs potentially effective against SARS-CoV-2, in patients afflicted with COVID-19. A few days later on April 8th, 2020, Professor Sotiris Tsiodras, scientific advisor to the Greek Government for COVID-19 and an expert on infectious diseases, when asked by a journalist about chloroquine, he responded, \"Antony Fauci is correct. Nevertheless, we give the drug to everyone, that is, not half of the patients will receive it, and the other half will not\". If we accept that the randomised trial represents the unique, impregnable method of evaluating new treatments-several clinicians dispute this dogma. -the question arises how will treatments be allocated to patients? According to the Declaration of Helsinki participation of a subject in a clinical trial requires their explicit written consent. Will, a potentially hypoxic patient rapidly deteriorating, be able to understand what is being asked of them, and will that patient be in a position to provide consent? And if that patient refuses to be randomised, what are the options? Is it his/her right to request the active treatment that a fellow patient is receiving in the next bed? Although the Declaration of Helsinki allows the option of no treatment or even placebo, where no known treatment is available for a certain condition, such as COVID-19, it also emphasizes that \"while the primary purpose of medical research is to generate new knowledge, this goal can never take precedence over the rights and interests of individual research subjects\". Consider now the physicians and nurses on the first line of the battle against the pandemic; to the enormous pressures and risks that they experience daily, they may have to endure the added psychological burden of the randomised trial, knowing that half of their patients are receiving the promising drug, whilst the other half are denied the chance of potential benefit. When during the Medical Research Council's randomized trial of streptomycin, one senior physician contracted tuberculosis, the Medical Research Council obtained supplies for him outside the trial. In this brief instance of medical history, the equipoise, the scientific imperative, all arguments and other justifications for providing treatment at random, were thrown out of the window in favour of the human factor! Why is randomization necessary? Because-it is presumed-the process of randomising subjects, protects the study from the selective inclusion of patients with favourable characteristics, thus inadvertently allowing or facilitating a falsely favourable result for the drug or treatment under investigation. However, the process of randomising patients does not necessarily result in the randomisation of the characteristics of their disease. Exactly because of this, at the end of a randomised study, even if the prognostic variables are evenly represented and balanced in the strata, further confirmation of the result is sought with a statistical multifactorial analysis. Such multifactorial analyses can also be applied to a non-randomised group of patients engaged in the trial of a new drug. Since the middle of the 20th century a generation of physicians have been trained to dismiss, or are incapable of evaluating the validity of a treatment beyond the established etiquette of the randomised study. This, some have argued, constitutes intellectual indolence, it is not scientific robustness. Pandits foresee that the world will be different after the end of this pandemic. Perhaps human ingenuity will seek new investigative methods that will render the randomised clinical trial obsolete, both, on methodological and ethical grounds. Until then and even if we have to accept the scientific supremacy of the randomised study in the evaluation of novel therapies, the ethical considerations in the unprecedented circumstances of a relentless pandemic demand a more humane approach, befitting the beneficent precepts of the Hippocratic tradition."}, {"pmid": 32509310, "pmcid": "PMC7238997", "title": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: virus mutations in specific European populations.", "journal": "New Microbes New Infect", "authors": ["Coppee, F", "Lechien, J R", "Decleves, A-E", "Tafforeau, L", "Saussez, S"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509310", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is being intensively studied, particularly its evolution, in the increasingly available sequences between countries/continents with classical phylogenetic tree representation. More recently, certain protein mutations have been correlated with specific functional impacts. Our clinical data from patients suggest that clinical symptoms differ between European countries. Among other factors, SARS-CoV-2 mutations could explain these disparities. Our analyses point to an association of diverse mutations, including co-evolving ones, in a few SARS-CoV-2 proteins within specific countries. We therefore suggest combining clinical information from patients and the determination of the associated SARS-CoV-2 genome to better understand the specific symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32220611, "pmcid": "PMC7102643", "title": "Commentary: COVID-19 in patients with diabetes.", "journal": "Metabolism", "authors": ["Hill, Michael A", "Mantzoros, Christos", "Sowers, James R"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220611", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32188753, "pmcid": "PMC7082143", "title": "COVID-19: Knowns, Unknowns, and Questions.", "journal": "mSphere", "authors": ["Weston, Stuart", "Frieman, Matthew B"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32188753", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from the Hubei province in China in late 2019 demonstrates the epidemic potential of coronaviruses. The rapid spread of this virus across the world in only 2 months highlights the transmissibility of this family of viruses and the significant morbidity and mortality that they can cause. We highlight the current state of knowledge of coronavirus biology while answering questions concerning the current outbreak of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32086235, "title": "Rules on isolation rooms for suspected covid-19 cases in GP surgeries to be relaxed.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Kmietowicz, Zosia"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32086235", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32204754, "title": "[Response plan in the neonatal intensive care unit during epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 infection (2nd Edition)].", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32204754", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has spread from China to other countries. In order to effectively respond to possible neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection, neonatologists from the Medical Association of Chinese People's Liberation Army and the Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics proposed the response plan in the neonatal intensive care unit during epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 infection (1st edition) at the end of January of 2020. Based on the further knowledge and experience on SARS-CoV-2 infection, the neonatologists updated the plan according to the current evidence, so as to provide a better guide for clinical medical staff to deal with the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the NICU."}, {"pmid": 32513456, "title": "Consensus document of the Spanish Society of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC), the Spanish Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery (SEORL-CCC) and the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (SEDAR) on tracheotomy in patients with COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp", "authors": ["Bernal-Sprekelsen, Manuel", "Aviles-Jurado, Francesc Xavier", "Alvarez Escudero, Julian", "Aldecoa Alvarez-Santuyano, Cesar", "de Haro Lopez, Candelaria", "Diaz de Cerio Canduela, Pedro", "Ferrandis Pereperez, Eduardo", "Ferrando Ortola, Carlos", "Ferrer Roca, Ricard", "Hernandez Tejedor, Alberto", "Lopez Alvarez, Fernando", "Monedero Rodriguez, Pablo", "Ortiz Suner, Andrea", "Parente Arias, Pablo", "Planas Roca, Antonio", "Plaza Mayor, Guillermo", "Rascado Sedes, Pedro", "Sistiaga Suarez, Jon Alexander", "Vera Ching, Claudia", "Villalonga Vadell, Rosa", "Martin Delgado, Maria Cruz"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513456", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic has rendered up to 15% of patients under mechanical ventilation. Because the subsequent tracheotomy is a frequent procedure, the three societies mostly involved (SEMICYUC, SEDAR and SEORL-CCC) have setup a consensus paper that offers an overview about indications and contraindications of tracheotomy, be it by puncture or open, clarifying its respective advantages and enumerating the ideal conditions under which they should be performed, as well as the necessary steps. Regular and emergency situations are displayed together with the postoperative measures."}, {"pmid": 32339007, "title": "Discontinuation of antiviral drugs may be the reason for recovered COVID-19 patients testing positive again.", "journal": "Br J Hosp Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Wu, Fanqi", "Zhang, Wenli", "Zhang, Longguo", "Wang, Dan", "Wan, Yixin"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339007", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32035537, "pmcid": "PMC7138046", "title": "Offline: 2019-nCoV-\"A desperate plea\".", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Horton, Richard"], "date": "2020-02-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32035537", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32149037, "pmcid": "PMC7045878", "title": "Early Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of 28 Cases of Coronavirus Disease in South Korea.", "journal": "Osong Public Health Res Perspect", "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32149037", "countries": ["Thailand", "Korea, Republic of", "Singapore", "Japan", "China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first confirmed case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in South Korea was reported in January 2020, with 28 confirmed cases reported as of February 14th, 2020. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of all 28 cases were analyzed in response to this disease. The epidemiological characteristics and early clinical features of the 28 patients from Korea with confirmed COVID-19 were analyzed using COVID-19 reporting and surveillance data and the epidemiological investigation reports prepared by the rapid response team. There were 16 patients that entered Korea from foreign countries: Wuhan, China (11 patients), Zhuhai, China, (1 patient), Singapore (2 patients), Japan (1 patient), and Thailand (1 patient). The early symptoms were fever, sore throat, cough or sputum production, chills, and muscle ache. Three patients were asymptomatic, however, 18 developed pneumonia. Of the 28 cases, 16 were index cases imported from abroad, with 10 cases of secondary infection originating in Korea, and the route of transmission still under investigation for 2 patients. The 10 patients with secondary infection were infected from contact with family members or acquaintances of primary patients, and the suspected sites of transmission were mostly at home. COVID-19 in Korea was spread by 16 infected individuals traveling from other countries, leading to second-generation cases. The initial symptoms were mostly minor, but the disease was infectious at this stage, resulting from close contact, particularly at home. Establishing an early detection strategy for COVID-19 is crucial for managing the transmission of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32378133, "pmcid": "PMC7201118", "title": "Initial Observations with Molecular Testing for COVID-19 in a Private Hospital in Mumbai, India.", "journal": "Indian J Pediatr", "authors": ["Shah, Sweta", "Singhal, Tanu", "Davar, Namita", "Thakkar, Pooja"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378133", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398169, "title": "Battle with COVID-19 in Iran: What lessons can be learned from the implementation of reaction strategies so far?", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad", "Janati, Ali", "Gholizadeh, Masoumeh"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398169", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32101683, "title": "Audio Interview: Preparing for the Spread of Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubin, Eric J", "Baden, Lindsey R", "Morrissey, Stephen"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32101683", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424085, "title": "Lessons from Hurricane Katrina for predicting the indirect health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Raker, Ethan J", "Zacher, Meghan", "Lowe, Sarah R"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424085", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Beyond their immediate effects on mortality, disasters have widespread, indirect impacts on mental and physical well-being by exposing survivors to stress and potential trauma. Identifying the disaster-related stressors that predict health adversity will help officials prepare for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Using data from a prospective study of young, low-income mothers who survived Hurricane Katrina, we find that bereavement, fearing for loved ones' well-being, and lacking access to medical care and medications predict adverse mental and physical health 1 y postdisaster, and some effects persist 12 y later. Adjusting for preexisting health and socioeconomic conditions attenuates, but does not eliminate, these associations. The findings, while drawn from a demographically unique sample, suggest that, to mitigate the indirect effects of COVID-19, lapses in medical care and medication use must be minimized, and public health resources should be directed to those with preexisting medical conditions, their social networks, and the bereaved."}, {"pmid": 32238197, "pmcid": "PMC7156546", "title": "Just the Facts: Protecting frontline clinicians during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Atkinson, Paul", "French, James", "Lang, Eddy", "McColl, Tamara", "Mazurik, Laurie"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238197", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is no patient emergency more important than protecting health care workers during a pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32276044, "pmcid": "PMC7138378", "title": "The serostatus approach to fighting COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kenyon, Chris"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276044", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301338, "pmcid": "PMC7221487", "title": "COVID-19: Time for precision epidemiology.", "journal": "Exp Biol Med (Maywood)", "authors": ["Koks, Sulev", "Williams, Robert W", "Quinn, John", "Farzaneh, Farzin", "Conran, Nicola", "Tsai, Shaw-Jeng", "Awandare, Gordon", "Goodman, Steven R"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301338", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490915, "title": "The future at the kitchen table: COVID-19 and the food supply.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Silva Filho, Olivio Jose da", "Gomes Junior, Newton Narciso"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490915", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495280, "pmcid": "PMC7267759", "title": "Resuming elective surgery in the time of COVID-19: a safe and comprehensive strategy.", "journal": "Updates Surg", "authors": ["Al-Omar, Khaled", "Bakkar, Sohail", "Khasawneh, Laith", "Donatini, Gianluca", "Miccoli, Paolo"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495280", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel corona virus and the disease it causes (COVID-19) is a public health crisis that has profoundly modified the way medical and surgical care is delivered. Countries around the globe had a variable initial response to the COVID-19 pandemic from imposing massive lock downs and quarantine to surrendering to herd immunity. However, healthcare bodies worldwide recognized early on that a triumph against COVID-19 could only be achieved by maintaining the infrastructure of healthcare systems and their capacity to accommodate a potentially overwhelming increase in critical patient care needs. Therefore, they reacted by restricting medical care to emergency cases and postponing elective surgical procedures in all disciplines. The priority was made for treatment of COVID-19 patients and emergency cases. Nevertheless, the battle against the COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing. In the absence of vaccines or effective drug treatments, its timeline remains uncertain and it cannot be forecast how long healthcare systems will need to cope with it in managing inpatient and outpatient services. Accordingly, extreme measures and restriction may become a recipe for a disaster in the context of the potential adverse health implications imposed by delaying timely medical and surgical care. Therefore, restrictive measures should be substituted with a comprehensive surgical and medical care strategy. One that provides a safe balance between the prevention of COVID-19 and the delivery of essential surgical care. This article provides an overview on how to safely deliver essential surgical care in the time of COIVD-19."}, {"pmid": 32491063, "pmcid": "PMC7269526", "title": "New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): advances to flatten the curve the prison population.", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Matos, Marcos Andre de"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491063", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470178, "title": "Challenges and solutions for maternity and gynecology services during the COVID-19 crisis in Jordan.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Alsharaydeh, Ibrahim", "Rawashdeh, Hasan", "Saadeh, Noura", "Obeidat, Basil", "Obeidat, Nail"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470178", "countries": ["Jordan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe regional experiences and measures implemented to safely maintain obstetrics and gynecology services during the COVID-19 pandemic at King Abdullah University Hospital in Jordan. All policies and measures were implemented in keeping with World Health Organization and other international recommendations and guidelines. With concerted effort and a multidisciplinary approach, most maternity and gynecology services were provided and all other training and educating responsibilities were maintained. COVID-19 caused an unprecedented global healthcare crisis. Our institution addressed the challenges and implemented several measures at different levels to maintain services and facilitate the training and teaching of trainees and medical students."}, {"pmid": 32052466, "pmcid": "PMC7166986", "title": "Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: A systematic review.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhang, Lei", "Liu, Yunhui"], "date": "2020-02-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32052466", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19 or 2019-CoV) infection has posed significant threats to international health and the economy. In the absence of treatment for this virus, there is an urgent need to find alternative methods to control the spread of disease. Here, we have conducted an online search for all treatment options related to coronavirus infections as well as some RNA-virus infection and we have found that general treatments, coronavirus-specific treatments, and antiviral treatments should be useful in fighting COVID-19. We suggest that the nutritional status of each infected patient should be evaluated before the administration of general treatments and the current children's RNA-virus vaccines including influenza vaccine should be immunized for uninfected people and health care workers. In addition, convalescent plasma should be given to COVID-19 patients if it is available. In conclusion, we suggest that all the potential interventions be implemented to control the emerging COVID-19 if the infection is uncontrollable."}, {"pmid": 32325028, "pmcid": "PMC7166036", "title": "G6PD deficiency in the COVID-19 pandemic: Ghost within Ghost.", "journal": "Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther", "authors": ["Al-Abdi, Sameer", "Al-Aamri, Maryam"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325028", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447167, "pmcid": "PMC7236682", "title": "Modified oxygen therapy device for prevention of aerosol dispersion in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Kumar, Amarjeet", "Kumar, Abhyuday", "Kumar, Neeraj", "Kumar, Ajeet", "Singh, Prabhat Kumar"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447167", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348043, "title": "[Oncology: navigating the COVID-19 Pandemic and Steer the Course].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Zimmermann, Stefan", "Dietrich, Pierre-Yves", "Michielin, Olivier", "Betticher, Daniel", "Peters, Solange"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348043", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Medical oncologists are steering a difficult course during the COVID-19 pandemic between three opposing forces\u2005: revisiting optimal standards of cancer care, facing constantly evolving shortages as some resources are being redirected, and acknowledging the paradoxical need to keep patients away from the health care facility. This article compiles recommendations fr om cancer societies and expert opinions to provide guidance and practical solutions for the oncology clinic. We propose that optimal standards of care be upheld, and short-term safety concerns due to exposure to SARS-CoV-2 be weighed against a long-term compromise in cancer prognosis when deciding on adjustments in cancer care. Proper mitigation strategies in the clinic and use of less resource-heavy but equivalent treatment alternatives often allow optimal cancer care. The magnitude of benefit of cancer treatments needs to be systematically considered."}, {"pmid": 32396979, "title": "Practice change amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: Harnessing the momentum for expanding telehealth in transplant.", "journal": "Clin Transplant", "authors": ["Santos-Parker, Keli Siqueiros", "Santos-Parker, Jessica Renee", "Highet, Alexandra", "Montgomery, John Richard", "Wakam, Glenn Kham", "Sonnenday, Christopher J", "Waits, Seth A"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396979", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305331, "pmcid": "PMC7161529", "title": "Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and COVID-19: The Invisible Enemy.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["D'Amico, Ferdinando", "Peyrin-Biroulet, Laurent", "Danese, Silvio"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305331", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464658, "title": "The Emergence of COVID-19 in the U.S.: A Public Health and Political Communication Crisis.", "journal": "J Health Polit Policy Law", "authors": ["Gollust, Sarah E", "Nagler, Rebekah H", "Fowler, Erika Franklin"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464658", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus public health crisis is also a political-communication and health-communication crisis. In this commentary, we describe the key communication-related phenomena and evidence of concerning effects manifested in the U.S. during the initial response to the pandemic. We outline the conditions of communication about coronavirus that contribute toward deleterious outcomes, including partisan cueing, conflicting science, downplayed threats, emotional arousal, fragmented media, and Trump's messaging. We suggest these have contributed toward divergent responses by media sources, partisan leaders, and the public alike, leading to different attitudes and beliefs as well as varying protective actions taken by members of the public to reduce their risk. In turn, these divergent communication phenomena will likely amplify geographic variation in and inequities in COVID-19 disease outcomes. We conclude with some suggestions for future research, particularly surrounding communication about health inequity and strategies for reducing partisan divergence in views of public health issues in the future."}, {"pmid": 32363157, "pmcid": "PMC7189906", "title": "Chloroquine: Can it be a Novel Drug for COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Appl Basic Med Res", "authors": ["Badyal, Dinesh Kumar", "Mahajan, Rajiv"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363157", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The United States Food and Drug Administration has not approved any drug or vaccine for the treatment of COVID-19; however, reports have emerged from different parts of the world about the potential therapeutic benefits of existing drugs. Chloroquine and phosphate hydroxychloroquine are the drugs currently in the limelight, and recently, the National Task Force for COVID-19 constituted by the Indian Council of Medical Research has recommended the use of antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine for prophylaxis of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 infection in selected high-risk individuals. This short write-up explores the potential efficacy and established safety of chloroquine in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32305329, "pmcid": "PMC7151485", "title": "Cardiovascular and Logistic Issues Associated With COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Heart Lung Circ", "authors": ["Robert Denniss, A", "Chow, Clara K", "Kritharides, Leonard"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305329", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303756, "pmcid": "PMC7188162", "title": "Impact of anti-tnfalpha antibodies on the risk of Covid-19 and its severity in patients with inflammatory Bowel Diseases.", "journal": "J Crohns Colitis", "authors": ["Tursi, Antonio", "Papa, Alfredo"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303756", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499129, "pmcid": "PMC7238989", "title": "Immunotherapies for COVID-19: Restoring the immunity could be the priority.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Allaouchiche, Bernard"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499129", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32309854, "pmcid": "PMC7188178", "title": "World leaders' usage of Twitter in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: a content analysis.", "journal": "J Public Health (Oxf)", "authors": ["Rufai, Sohaib R", "Bunce, Catey"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32309854", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It is crucial that world leaders mount effective public health measures in response to COVID-19. Twitter may represent a powerful tool to help achieve this. Here, we explore the role of Twitter as used by Group of Seven (G7) world leaders in response to COVID-19. This was a qualitative study with content analysis. Inclusion criteria were as follows: viral tweets from G7 world leaders, attracting a minimum of 500 'likes'; keywords 'COVID-19' or 'coronavirus'; search dates 17 November 2019 to 17 March 2020. We performed content analysis to categorize tweets into appropriate themes and analyzed associated Twitter data. Eight out of nine (88.9%) G7 world leaders had verified and active Twitter accounts, with a total following of 85.7 million users. Out of a total 203 viral tweets, 166 (82.8%) were classified as 'Informative', of which 48 (28.6%) had weblinks to government-based sources, while 19 (9.4%) were 'Morale-boosting' and 14 (6.9%) were 'Political'. Numbers of followers and viral tweets were not strictly related. Twitter may represent a powerful tool for world leaders to rapidly communicate public health information with citizens. We would urge general caution when using Twitter for health information, with a preference for tweets containing official government-based information sources."}, {"pmid": 32127123, "pmcid": "PMC7055037", "title": "Differential diagnosis of illness in patients under investigation for the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), Italy, February 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Bordi, Licia", "Nicastri, Emanuele", "Scorzolini, Laura", "Di Caro, Antonino", "Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria", "Castilletti, Concetta", "Lalle, Eleonora", "On Behalf Of Inmi Covid-Study Group And Collaborating Centers"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32127123", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as the causative pathogen of an ongoing outbreak of respiratory disease, now named COVID-19. Most cases and sustained transmission occurred in China, but travel-associated cases have been reported in other countries, including Europe and Italy. Since the symptoms are similar to other respiratory infections, differential diagnosis in travellers arriving from countries with wide-spread COVID-19 must include other more common infections such as influenza and other respiratory tract diseases."}, {"pmid": 32362496, "pmcid": "PMC7183952", "title": "Urolithiasis Practice Patterns Following the COVID-19 Pandemic: Overview from the EULIS Collaborative Research Working Group.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Tefik, Tzevat", "Guven, Selcuk", "Villa, Luca", "Gokce, Mehmet Ilker", "Kallidonis, Panagiotis", "Petkova, Kremena", "Kiremit, Murat Can", "Sonmez, Mehmet Giray", "de Lorenzis, Elisa", "Eryildirim, Bilal", "Sarica, Kemal"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362496", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483554, "pmcid": "PMC7202249", "title": "Remdesivir: A Review of Its Discovery and Development Leading to Emergency Use Authorization for Treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "ACS Cent Sci", "authors": ["Eastman, Richard T", "Roth, Jacob S", "Brimacombe, Kyle R", "Simeonov, Anton", "Shen, Min", "Patnaik, Samarjit", "Hall, Matthew D"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483554", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global pandemic of SARS-CoV-2, the causative viral pathogen of COVID-19, has driven the biomedical community to action-to uncover and develop antiviral interventions. One potential therapeutic approach currently being evaluated in numerous clinical trials is the agent remdesivir, which has endured a long and winding developmental path. Remdesivir is a nucleotide analogue prodrug that perturbs viral replication, originally evaluated in clinical trials to thwart the Ebola outbreak in 2014. Subsequent evaluation by numerous virology laboratories demonstrated the ability of remdesivir to inhibit coronavirus replication, including SARS-CoV-2. Here, we provide an overview of remdesivir's discovery, mechanism of action, and the current studies exploring its clinical effectiveness."}, {"pmid": 32532085, "title": "Broad-Spectrum Host-Based Antivirals Targeting the Interferon and Lipogenesis Pathways as Potential Treatment Options for the Pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Yuan, Shuofeng", "Chan, Chris Chun-Yiu", "Chik, Kenn Ka-Heng", "Tsang, Jessica Oi-Ling", "Liang, Ronghui", "Cao, Jianli", "Tang, Kaiming", "Cai, Jian-Piao", "Ye, Zi-Wei", "Yin, Feifei", "To, Kelvin Kai-Wang", "Chu, Hin", "Jin, Dong-Yan", "Hung, Ivan Fan-Ngai", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung", "Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532085", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) signals an urgent need for an expansion in treatment options. In this study, we investigated the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities of 22 antiviral agents with known broad-spectrum antiviral activities against coronaviruses and/or other viruses. They were first evaluated in our primary screening in VeroE6 cells and then the most potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 antiviral agents were further evaluated using viral antigen expression, viral load reduction, and plaque reduction assays. In addition to remdesivir, lopinavir, and chloroquine, our primary screening additionally identified types I and II recombinant interferons, 25-hydroxycholesterol, and AM580 as the most potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents among the 22 antiviral agents. Betaferon (interferon-\u03b21b) exhibited the most potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in viral antigen expression, viral load reduction, and plaque reduction assays among the recombinant interferons. The lipogenesis modulators 25-hydroxycholesterol and AM580 exhibited EC50 at low micromolar levels and selectivity indices of >10.0. Combinational use of these host-based antiviral agents with virus-based antivirals to target different processes of the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle should be evaluated in animal models and/or clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32220035, "pmcid": "PMC7228362", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: What do we know so far?", "journal": "Acta Physiol (Oxf)", "authors": ["Khedkar, Pratik H", "Patzak, Andreas"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220035", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367213, "pmcid": "PMC7197248", "title": "[Evolution of CT manifestations in a Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia patient].", "journal": "Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed", "authors": ["Jin, Qianna", "Heussel, Claus Peter", "Kauczor, Hans-Ulrich", "Cui, Wei", "Lv, Guoyi"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367213", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469437, "title": "A Comprehensive Updated Review on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Pharmacol", "authors": ["Ren, Yunzhao R", "Golding, Amit", "Sorbello, Alfred", "Ji, Ping", "Chen, Jianmeng", "Bhawana, Saluja", "Witzmann, Kimberly", "Arya, Vikram", "Reynolds, Kellie S", "Choi, Su-Young", "Nikolov, Nikolay", "Sahajwalla, Chandrahas"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469437", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive current summary of the pathogenesis, clinical features, disease course, host immune responses, and current investigational antiviral and immunomodulatory pharmacotherapies, in order to facilitate the development of future therapies and measures for prevention and control. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32222420, "pmcid": "PMC7271224", "title": "A pregnant woman with COVID-19 in Central America.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zambrano, Lysien I", "Fuentes-Barahona, Itzel Carolina", "Bejarano-Torres, Daysi Anabell", "Bustillo, Carolina", "Gonzales, Gloria", "Vallecillo-Chinchilla, Gissela", "Sanchez-Martinez, Fredal Eduardo", "Valle-Reconco, Jorge Alberto", "Sierra, Manuel", "Bonilla-Aldana, D Katterine", "Cardona-Ospina, Jaime A", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222420", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507313, "title": "A British Society of Thoracic Imaging statement: considerations in designing local imaging diagnostic algorithms for the COVID-19 pandemic. A reply.", "journal": "Clin Radiol", "authors": ["Nair, A", "Rodrigues, J C L", "Hare, S S", "Edey, A", "Devaraj, A", "Jacob, J", "Johnstone, A", "McStay, R", "Denton, E", "Robinson, G"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507313", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372804, "pmcid": "PMC7195115", "title": "Apps for a crisis.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Newitz, Annalee"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372804", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus has many of us stuck at home. The result could fundamentally reshape how we use the internet, writes Annalee Newitz."}, {"pmid": 32427809, "title": "Inflammatory and Coagulative Considerations for the Management of Orthopaedic Trauma Patients with COVID-19: A Review of the Current Evidence and Our Surgical Experience.", "journal": "J Orthop Trauma", "authors": ["Puzzitiello, Richard N", "Pagani, Nicholas R", "Moverman, Michael A", "Moon, Andrew S", "Menendez, Mariano E", "Ryan, Scott P"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427809", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mounting evidence suggests that the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) involves a hyperinflammatory response predisposing patients to thromboembolic disease and acute respiratory distress. In the setting of severe blunt trauma, damaged tissues induce a local and systemic inflammatory response through similar pathways to COVID-19. As such, patients with COVID-19 sustaining orthopaedic trauma injuries may have an amplified response to the traumatic insult due to their baseline hyperinflammatory and hypercoagulable state. These patients may have compromised physiological reserve to withstand the insult of surgical intervention before reaching clinical instability. Herein, we review the current evidence regarding pathogenesis of COVID-19 and its implications on the management of orthopaedic trauma patients by discussing a case and the most recent literature."}, {"pmid": 32524513, "title": "Provision of community pharmacy services during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross sectional study of community pharmacists' experiences with preventative measures and sources of information.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pharm", "authors": ["Hoti, Kreshnik", "Jakupi, Arianit", "Hetemi, Dardan", "Raka, Denis", "Hughes, Jeffery", "Desselle, Shane"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524513", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background An infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus (later called COVID-19) reached pandemic levels in 2020 and community pharmacists were involved in responding to this pandemic, also in Kosovo. Objectives To explore the experiences of community pharmacists in relation to provision of community pharmacy services during COVID-19 pandemic. Setting Community pharmacists in Kosovo. Methods This was a cross-sectional study where data was collected via a self-administered online questionnaire, from 264 pharmacists actively practicing in Kosovo during the pandemic. The questionnaire consisted of a combination of closed and open-ended questions, optional statements and statements on a five-point Likert scale, derived at least in part from the Transtheoretical Model. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze differences in responses to Likert-type items whereas categorical variables were analyzed using Chi square testing. Main outcome measures Community pharmacists' perceptions on COVID-19 related preventative measures. Results A response rate of 40.6% was achieved. Sufficient and adequate COVID-19-related preventative measures were being implemented by a majority of pharmacies (n\u2009=\u2009232; 87.9%), and over two-thirds of respondents agreed/strongly agreed that their pharmacies were sufficiently prepared with protective equipment for their personnel. Implementation of preventative measures was associated with respondents' perception that pharmacists and the pharmacy profession were valued more by patients during the pandemic and to a lesser degree, by other health professionals. Most commonly stated pros dealt with employee and patient safety, while key cons dealt with increased costs and running out of the necessary protective equipment. Key barriers to pharmacy activities were price increases by wholesalers, and patients' panic and excessive buying, whereas drivers dealt with professional obligation to assist and opportunity to prove inseparable to other health professionals. The most popular means of accessing COVID-19 related information by pharmacists was via mobile devices and information from professional organizations was considered most useful by pharmacists. Conclusions Community pharmacies actively implemented various measures as precautions to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Our findings highlight the value of continuous provision of information by professional organizations and use of mobile devices as key means to access information by pharmacists."}, {"pmid": 32415276, "title": "The sprint to solve coronavirus protein structures - and disarm them with drugs.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Scudellari, Megan"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415276", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222181, "pmcid": "PMC7194650", "title": "COVID-19: learning from experience.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["The Lancet"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222181", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382161, "pmcid": "PMC7204672", "title": "Flexible employment relationships and careers in times of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Vocat Behav", "authors": ["Spurk, Daniel", "Straub, Caroline"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382161", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic represents a crisis that affects several aspects of people's lives around the globe. Most of the affected countries took several measures, like lockdowns, business shutdowns, hygiene regulations, social distancing, school and university closings, or mobility tracking as a means of slowing down the distribution of COVID-19. These measures are expected to show short-term and long-term effects on people's working lives. However, most media reports focused on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on changes in work arrangements (e.g., short-time work, flexible location and hours) for workers in a regular employment relationship. We here focus on workers in flexible employment relationships (e.g. temporary agency work and other forms of subcontracted labor, as well as new forms of working, such as in the gig economy). Specifically, we will discuss (a) how the work and careers of individuals in flexible employment relationships might get affected by the COVID-19 pandemic; (b) outline ideas how to examine period effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the work and careers of those individuals, and (c) outline how the pandemic can contribute to the ramification of flexible employment relationships."}, {"pmid": 32425661, "pmcid": "PMC7229471", "title": "Utilizing tocilizumab for the treatment of cytokine release syndrome in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Hassoun, Ali", "Thottacherry, Elizabeth Dilip", "Muklewicz, Justin", "Aziz, Qurrat-Ul-Ain", "Edwards, Jonathan"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425661", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507692, "title": "Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients with gastrointestinal symptoms: A report of 164 cases.", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Zhang, Hu", "Liao, Yu-Sheng", "Gong, Jing", "Liu, Jing", "Xia, Xi", "Zhang, Heng"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507692", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To explore the clinical characteristics of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. The clinical data of 164 COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms were extracted and analysed retrospectively. In total, 505 COVID-19 patients were divided into two groups: those with gastrointestinal symptoms (G group) and those without gastrointestinal symptoms (NG group). Common gastrointestinal symptoms included inappetence, diarrhoea, nausea, abdominal pain, and vomiting. Significantly higher proportions of patients with fever, dizziness, myalgia, and fatigue were noted in group G than in group NG. Compared with patients without fever, there was a significant difference between G group and NG group in moderate fever or above, while there was no significant difference between the two groups in low fever. The laboratory results showed that patients in the G group had significantly higher C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and \u03b1-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase levels than those in the NG group. Moreover, the proportion of patients with severe pneumonia was significantly higher in the G group than in the NG group. In Wuhan, the proportion of COVID-19 patients who experience gastrointestinal symptoms is relatively high. Patients who experience gastrointestinal symptoms are more likely to suffer from severe pneumonia, which may help clinicians identify patients at high risk of COVID-19 and thus reduce the incidence of this condition."}, {"pmid": 32313613, "title": "COVID-19 in Singapore and Malaysia: Rising to the Challenges of Orthopaedic Practice in an Evolving Pandemic.", "journal": "Malays Orthop J", "authors": ["Tay, K", "Kamarul, T", "Lok, W Y", "Mansor, M", "Li, X", "Wong, J", "Saw, A"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313613", "countries": ["Singapore", "Malaysia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the increasing number of COVID-19 cases and related deaths worldwide, we decided to share the development of this condition in Singapore and Malaysia. First few cases were diagnosed in the two countries at the end of January 2020, and the numbers have surged to thousands by end of March 2020. We will focus on strategies adopted by the government and also the Orthopaedic community of the two countries up till the beginning of April 2020. We hope that by sharing of relevant information and knowledge on how we are managing the COVID-19 condition, we can help other communities, and health care workers to more effectively overcome this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32119824, "pmcid": "PMC7124430", "title": "The response of Milan's Emergency Medical System to the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Spina, Stefano", "Marrazzo, Francesco", "Migliari, Maurizio", "Stucchi, Riccardo", "Sforza, Alessandra", "Fumagalli, Roberto"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32119824", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418201, "title": "Surgical and endoscopy protocols for general surgeons during the COVID-19 pandemic: an institutional experience in Singapore.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Goh, S S N", "Yeo, D X W", "Kaushal, S A", "Yeong, H K", "Tan, G W L"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418201", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425305, "pmcid": "PMC7232076", "title": "Is the anti-filarial drug diethylcarbamazine useful to treat COVID-19 ?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Abeygunasekera, Anuruddha", "Jayasinghe, Saroj"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425305", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32412918, "title": "COVID-19: A Worldwide, Zoonotic, Pandemic Outbreak.", "journal": "Altern Ther Health Med", "authors": ["Khan, Tahseen", "Agnihotri, Kartikeya", "Tripathi, Aditi", "Mukherjee, Suneet", "Agnihotri, Namita", "Gupta, Gaurav"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412918", "countries": ["China", "India"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of a novel, zoonotic coronavirus occurred in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan, China and has now affected almost the entire world, with the maximum confirmed cases being 1 521 252 as of April 10, 2020. The WHO named this coronavirus 2019-nCoV, with COVID-19 being the name for diseases allied with it. The study intended to examine the features and characteristics of existing human coronaviruses and identify their resemblance to the newly identified 2019-nCoV. The research team performed a literature review, searching relevant literature databases. We searched four databases, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and CNKI (Chinese Database), to identify studies reporting COVID-19. Articles published on or before April 10, 2020 were eligible for inclusion. We used the following search terms: \"Coronavirus\" or \"2019-nCoV\" or \"COVID-19\" or \"SARS-CoV\" or \"MERS-CoV\" or \"Bat SARS-CoV\" or \"ACE2 receptor\". This study was take place in School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India. The undistinguishable similarity of the genomic sequences of Severe Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-CoV, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)-CoV, and Bat SARS-CoV-bat-SL-CoVZC45 and bat-SL-CoVZXC21-to nCoV-2019 has facilitated the process of identifying primary treatment measures. Researchers are presuming the existence of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor binding in nCoV-2019, as in SARS-CoV. Researchers have been examining human-to-human transmission, the possibility of an intermediate host between bats and humans, and the existence of asymptomatic cases. An incubation period of 0 to 14 days has been reported, with acute to chronic symptoms being cough, nasal congestion, high fever, dyspnea, pneumonia, invasive lesions in both lungs, respiratory failure, and even death, including in pediatric cases. Mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, repurposing of antivirals, and plasma infusion have proven to be somewhat effective. Several countries have started clinical trials to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of some drugs, but the ability to vaccinate people with existing or new molecules will require time. Previously learned lessons from SARS and MERS have led some areas to be well equipped in terms of the ability to take speedy action. First-level treatments include repurposing antivirals and antimalarials, and plasma infusion should help, but development of existing or new molecules into vaccines will take time. The unpredictable trajectory of this outbreak demands careful surveillance to monitor the situation, draw strategies, implement control measures, and create proper ethical laws and medical guidelines."}, {"pmid": 32400013, "pmcid": "PMC7272801", "title": "A case of coronavirus disease 2019-infected liver transplant donor.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Hong, Hyo-Lim", "Kim, Sung-Han", "Choi, Dong Lak", "Kwon, Hyun Hee"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400013", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel infectious disease that continues to spread on a global scale. There has been growing concern about donor-derived transmissions of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Herein, we present the case of a patient who underwent ABO-incompatible living donor liver transplantation without knowing that the liver donor was infected with COVID-19 during the donation procedure. In this case, the donor-derived transmission to the recipient was not identified, and the liver donor was found to be recovering from a COVID-19 infection. The donor-derived transmission was not identified."}, {"pmid": 32007145, "pmcid": "PMC7159086", "title": "Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Lu, Roujian", "Zhao, Xiang", "Li, Juan", "Niu, Peihua", "Yang, Bo", "Wu, Honglong", "Wang, Wenling", "Song, Hao", "Huang, Baoying", "Zhu, Na", "Bi, Yuhai", "Ma, Xuejun", "Zhan, Faxian", "Wang, Liang", "Hu, Tao", "Zhou, Hong", "Hu, Zhenhong", "Zhou, Weimin", "Zhao, Li", "Chen, Jing", "Meng, Yao", "Wang, Ji", "Lin, Yang", "Yuan, Jianying", "Xie, Zhihao", "Ma, Jinmin", "Liu, William J", "Wang, Dayan", "Xu, Wenbo", "Holmes, Edward C", "Gao, George F", "Wu, Guizhen", "Chen, Weijun", "Shi, Weifeng", "Tan, Wenjie"], "date": "2020-02-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32007145", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December, 2019, patients presenting with viral pneumonia due to an unidentified microbial agent were reported in Wuhan, China. A novel coronavirus was subsequently identified as the causative pathogen, provisionally named 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). As of Jan 26, 2020, more than 2000 cases of 2019-nCoV infection have been confirmed, most of which involved people living in or visiting Wuhan, and human-to-human transmission has been confirmed. We did next-generation sequencing of samples from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and cultured isolates from nine inpatients, eight of whom had visited the Huanan seafood market in Wuhan. Complete and partial 2019-nCoV genome sequences were obtained from these individuals. Viral contigs were connected using Sanger sequencing to obtain the full-length genomes, with the terminal regions determined by rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Phylogenetic analysis of these 2019-nCoV genomes and those of other coronaviruses was used to determine the evolutionary history of the virus and help infer its likely origin. Homology modelling was done to explore the likely receptor-binding properties of the virus. The ten genome sequences of 2019-nCoV obtained from the nine patients were extremely similar, exhibiting more than 99\u00b798% sequence identity. Notably, 2019-nCoV was closely related (with 88% identity) to two bat-derived severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like coronaviruses, bat-SL-CoVZC45 and bat-SL-CoVZXC21, collected in 2018 in Zhoushan, eastern China, but were more distant from SARS-CoV (about 79%) and MERS-CoV (about 50%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 2019-nCoV fell within the subgenus Sarbecovirus of the genus Betacoronavirus, with a relatively long branch length to its closest relatives bat-SL-CoVZC45 and bat-SL-CoVZXC21, and was genetically distinct from SARS-CoV. Notably, homology modelling revealed that 2019-nCoV had a similar receptor-binding domain structure to that of SARS-CoV, despite amino acid variation at some key residues. 2019-nCoV is sufficiently divergent from SARS-CoV to be considered a new human-infecting betacoronavirus. Although our phylogenetic analysis suggests that bats might be the original host of this virus, an animal sold at the seafood market in Wuhan might represent an intermediate host facilitating the emergence of the virus in humans. Importantly, structural analysis suggests that 2019-nCoV might be able to bind to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor in humans. The future evolution, adaptation, and spread of this virus warrant urgent investigation. National Key Research and Development Program of China, National Major Project for Control and Prevention of Infectious Disease in China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shandong First Medical University."}, {"pmid": 32514636, "title": "Intensivist-led care in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Anesth", "authors": ["Hoyler, Marguerite M", "Lui, Briana S", "White, Robert S"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514636", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376583, "pmcid": "PMC7167313", "title": "[Diagnosis and treatment of an elderly patient with secondary cerebral infarction caused by COVID-19].", "journal": "Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao", "authors": ["He, Jin", "Cheng, Gong", "Xu, Wenwei", "Zhang, Lengzhen", "Zeng, Zhenhua"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376583", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We review the experience with the diagnosis and treatment of secondary cerebral infarction in an elderly patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 has rapid disease progression with a high mortality rate in elderly patients, and physicians should be alert to secondary bacterial infection that may result in coagulation dysfunction and cerebral infarction. Early anti-infection therapy, immune regulation and appropriate anticoagulation intervention may help improve the prognosis of the patients."}, {"pmid": 32267678, "pmcid": "PMC7144807", "title": "COVID-19: A Call for Physical Scientists and Engineers.", "journal": "ACS Nano", "authors": ["Huang, Haiyue", "Fan, Chunhai", "Li, Min", "Nie, Hua-Li", "Wang, Fu-Bing", "Wang, Hui", "Wang, Ruilan", "Xia, Jianbo", "Zheng, Xin", "Zuo, Xiaolei", "Huang, Jiaxing"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267678", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is one of those global challenges that transcends territorial, political, ideological, religious, cultural, and certainly academic boundaries. Public health and healthcare workers are at the frontline, working to contain and to mitigate the spread of this disease. Although intervening biological and immunological responses against viral infection may seem far from the physical sciences and engineering that typically work with inanimate objects, there actually is much that can-and should-be done to help in this global crisis. In this Perspective, we convert the basics of infectious respiratory diseases and viruses into physical sciences and engineering intuitions, and through this exercise, we present examples of questions, hypotheses, and research needs identified based on clinicians' experiences. We hope researchers in the physical sciences and engineering will proactively study these challenges, develop new hypotheses, define new research areas, and work with biological researchers, healthcare, and public health professionals to create user-centered solutions and to inform the general public, so that we can better address the many challenges associated with the transmission and spread of infectious respiratory diseases."}, {"pmid": 32371557, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and myocardial injury: Few answers, many questions.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Cremer, Paul C"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371557", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with COVID-19 and acute cardiac injury as measured by an elevated high-sensitivity troponin I or troponin T upon admission or during hospitalization have a mortality rate of over 50% in initial reports. The mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 and associated myocardial injury, whether SARS-CoV-2 patients with myocardial injury are a distinct population, and possible treatment options for myocardial injury associated with SARS-CoV-2 are unknown."}, {"pmid": 32305289, "pmcid": "PMC7161512", "title": "Commentary: No-test medication abortion: A sample protocol for increasing access during a pandemic and beyond.", "journal": "Contraception", "authors": ["Raymond, Elizabeth G", "Grossman, Daniel", "Mark, Alice", "Upadhyay, Ushma D", "Dean, Gillian", "Creinin, Mitchell D", "Coplon, Leah", "Perritt, Jamila", "Atrio, Jessica M", "Taylor, DeShawn", "Gold, Marji"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305289", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381737, "title": "Evolving COVID-19 conundrum and its impact.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Chookajorn, Thanat"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381737", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463377, "title": "Telehealth in the Context of COVID-19: Changing Perspectives in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Fisk, Malcolm", "Livingstone, Anne", "Pit, Sabrina Winona"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463377", "countries": ["United States", "Australia", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 12, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak a pandemic. On that date, there were 134,576 reported cases and 4981 deaths worldwide. By March 26, 2020, just 2 weeks later, reported cases had increased four-fold to 531,865, and deaths increased five-fold to 24,073. Older people are both major users of telehealth services and are more likely to die as a result of COVID-19. This paper examines the extent that Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States, during the 2 weeks following the pandemic announcement, sought to promote telehealth as a tool that could help identify COVID-19 among older people who may live alone, be frail, or be self-isolating, and give support to or facilitate the treatment of people who are or may be infected. This paper reports, for the 2-week period previously mentioned and immediately prior, on activities and initiatives in the three countries taken by governments or their agencies (at national or state levels) together with publications or guidance issued by professional, trade, and charitable bodies. Different sources of information are drawn upon that point to the perceived likely benefits of telehealth in fighting the pandemic. It is not the purpose of this paper to draw together or analyze information that reflects growing knowledge about COVID-19, except where telehealth is seen as a component. The picture that emerges for the three countries, based on the sources identified, shows a number of differences. These differences center on the nature of their health services, the extent of attention given to older people (and the circumstances that can relate to them), the different geographies (notably concerned with rurality), and the changes to funding frameworks that could impact these. Common to all three countries is the value attributed to maintaining quality safeguards in the wider context of their health services but where such services are noted as sometimes having precluded significant telehealth use. The COVID-19 pandemic is forcing changes and may help to establish telehealth more firmly in its aftermath. Some of the changes may not be long-lasting. However, the momentum is such that telehealth will almost certainly find a stronger place within health service frameworks for each of the three countries and is likely to have increased acceptance among both patients and health care providers."}, {"pmid": 32292632, "pmcid": "PMC7128134", "title": "Emergency management of nursing human resources and supplies to respond to coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic.", "journal": "Int J Nurs Sci", "authors": ["Liu, Yu", "Wang, Hui", "Chen, Junhua", "Zhang, Xiaoyun", "Yue, Xiao", "Ke, Jian", "Wang, Binghua", "Peng, Chaohua"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292632", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To introduce the emergency management of nursing human resources and material resources of a large general hospitals when facing the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). The Nursing Department of the hospital fully executed its functional authority to establish a three-level echelon of sustainable support, allocate human recourses dynamically, organize pre-service training, supervise the key working steps, formulate positive incentive methods, and deploy medical supplies scientifically. By taking these strategies, the hospital effectively improved the coping capacity of the nursing team and played a positive role in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. The emergency management of nursing human resources and material resources for COVID-19 of the hospital is successful. But several deficiencies were identified as well, which indicated that the hospital needs to establish an efficient emergency management system, and pay attention to the practice of nursing emergency plans to enhance coping capacities in public health emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32325326, "pmcid": "PMC7158786", "title": "COVID-19: Immense necessity and challenges in meeting the needs of minorities, especially asylum seekers and undocumented migrants.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Bhopal, R S"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325326", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437707, "pmcid": "PMC7211586", "title": "Cerebral Venous Thrombosis associated with COVID-19 infection: causality or coincidence?", "journal": "J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Poillon, Guillaume", "Obadia, Mickael", "Perrin, Mathilde", "Savatovsky, Julien", "Lecler, Augustin"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437707", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422207, "pmcid": "PMC7227521", "title": "Balancing risks and benefits in inflammatory bowel disease patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Kotze, Paulo Gustavo", "Peyrin-Biroulet, Laurent", "Danese, Silvio"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422207", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302976, "title": "Endocrinology in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Endocrinol", "authors": ["Arlt, Wiebke", "Dekkers, Olaf M", "Leger, Juliane", "Semple, Robert K"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302976", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220899, "title": "Covid-19 and long term conditions: what if you have cancer, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease?", "journal": "BMJ", "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220899", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296777, "pmcid": "PMC7147223", "title": "Mesenchymal stem cells and management of COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Med Drug Discov", "authors": ["Metcalfe, Su M"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296777", "countries": ["Italy", "Korea, Republic of", "China", "Japan", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Human coronavirus, hCoV-19, is highly pathogenic with severe pneumonia associated with rapid virus replication. Arising in Wuhan China December 2019, the current COVID-19 epidemic has rapidly grown with person-to-person infection expanding to become a global health emergency now on pandemic scale. Governments will not be able to minimise both deaths from COVID-19 and the economic impact of viral spread in mitigation of this current COVID-19 pandemic, according to Anderson et al. 2020 [1], Keeping mortality as low as possible will be the highest priority for individuals; hence governments must put in place measures to ameliorate the inevitable economic downturn. The current global picture shows small chains of transmission in many countries and large chains resulting in extensive spread in a few countries, such as Italy, Iran, South Korea, and Japan. Most countries are likely to have spread of COVID-19, at least in the early stages, before any mitigation measures have an impact. The scale of the problem is massive. Here I consider new approaches to improve patient's biological resistance to COVID-19 using stem cells, and how benefit might be scaled and simplified using synthetic stem cells to meet logistical needs within a short time frame."}, {"pmid": 32213556, "pmcid": "PMC7133387", "title": "Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of 74 cases of coronavirus-infected disease 2019 (COVID-19) with gastrointestinal symptoms.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Jin, Xi", "Lian, Jiang-Shan", "Hu, Jian-Hua", "Gao, Jianguo", "Zheng, Lin", "Zhang, Yi-Min", "Hao, Shao-Rui", "Jia, Hong-Yu", "Cai, Huan", "Zhang, Xiao-Li", "Yu, Guo-Dong", "Xu, Kai-Jin", "Wang, Xiao-Yan", "Gu, Jue-Qing", "Zhang, Shan-Yan", "Ye, Chan-Yuan", "Jin, Ci-Liang", "Lu, Ying-Feng", "Yu, Xia", "Yu, Xiao-Peng", "Huang, Jian-Rong", "Xu, Kang-Li", "Ni, Qin", "Yu, Cheng-Bo", "Zhu, Biao", "Li, Yong-Tao", "Liu, Jun", "Zhao, Hong", "Zhang, Xuan", "Yu, Liang", "Guo, Yong-Zheng", "Su, Jun-Wei", "Tao, Jing-Jing", "Lang, Guan-Jing", "Wu, Xiao-Xin", "Wu, Wen-Rui", "Qv, Ting-Ting", "Xiang, Dai-Rong", "Yi, Ping", "Shi, Ding", "Chen, Yanfei", "Ren, Yue", "Qiu, Yun-Qing", "Li, Lan-Juan", "Sheng, Jifang", "Yang, Yida"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213556", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2-infected disease (COVID-19) outbreak is a major threat to human beings. Previous studies mainly focused on Wuhan and typical symptoms. We analysed 74 confirmed COVID-19 cases with GI symptoms in the Zhejiang province to determine epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics. COVID-19 hospital patients were admitted in the Zhejiang province from 17 January 2020 to 8 February 2020. Epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, management and outcome data of patients with GI symptoms were analysed using multivariate analysis for risk of severe/critical type. Bioinformatics were used to analyse features of SARS-CoV-2 from Zhejiang province. Among enrolled 651 patients, 74 (11.4%) presented with at least one GI symptom (nausea, vomiting or diarrhoea), average age of 46.14 years, 4-day incubation period and 10.8% had pre-existing liver disease. Of patients with COVID-19 with GI symptoms, 17 (22.97%) and 23 (31.08%) had severe/critical types and family clustering, respectively, significantly higher than those without GI symptoms, 47 (8.14%) and 118 (20.45%). Of patients with COVID-19 with GI symptoms, 29 (39.19%), 23 (31.08%), 8 (10.81%) and 16 (21.62%) had significantly higher rates of fever >38.5\u00b0C, fatigue, shortness of breath and headache, respectively. Low-dose glucocorticoids and antibiotics were administered to 14.86% and 41.89% of patients, respectively. Sputum production and increased lactate dehydrogenase/glucose levels were risk factors for severe/critical type. Bioinformatics showed sequence mutation of SARS-CoV-2 with m6A methylation and changed binding capacity with ACE2. We report COVID-19 cases with GI symptoms with novel features outside Wuhan. Attention to patients with COVID-19 with non-classic symptoms should increase to protect health providers."}, {"pmid": 32227758, "pmcid": "PMC7143164", "title": "Covid-19 in Critically Ill Patients in the Seattle Region - Case Series.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Bhatraju, Pavan K", "Ghassemieh, Bijan J", "Nichols, Michelle", "Kim, Richard", "Jerome, Keith R", "Nalla, Arun K", "Greninger, Alexander L", "Pipavath, Sudhakar", "Wurfel, Mark M", "Evans, Laura", "Kritek, Patricia A", "West, T Eoin", "Luks, Andrew", "Gerbino, Anthony", "Dale, Chris R", "Goldman, Jason D", "O'Mahony, Shane", "Mikacenic, Carmen"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227758", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Community transmission of coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) was detected in the state of Washington in February 2020. We identified patients from nine Seattle-area hospitals who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with confirmed infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Clinical data were obtained through review of medical records. The data reported here are those available through March 23, 2020. Each patient had at least 14 days of follow-up. We identified 24 patients with confirmed Covid-19. The mean (\u00b1SD) age of the patients was 64\u00b118 years, 63% were men, and symptoms began 7\u00b14 days before admission. The most common symptoms were cough and shortness of breath; 50% of patients had fever on admission, and 58% had diabetes mellitus. All the patients were admitted for hypoxemic respiratory failure; 75% (18 patients) needed mechanical ventilation. Most of the patients (17) also had hypotension and needed vasopressors. No patient tested positive for influenza A, influenza B, or other respiratory viruses. Half the patients (12) died between ICU day 1 and day 18, including 4 patients who had a do-not-resuscitate order on admission. Of the 12 surviving patients, 5 were discharged home, 4 were discharged from the ICU but remained in the hospital, and 3 continued to receive mechanical ventilation in the ICU. During the first 3 weeks of the Covid-19 outbreak in the Seattle area, the most common reasons for admission to the ICU were hypoxemic respiratory failure leading to mechanical ventilation, hypotension requiring vasopressor treatment, or both. Mortality among these critically ill patients was high. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health.)."}, {"pmid": 32527470, "title": "Neuro-COVID-19: What are we talking about?", "journal": "Rev Neurol (Paris)", "authors": ["El Otmani, H", "Moutaouakil, F"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527470", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521120, "title": "Does glycemic control rescue type 2 diabetic patients from COVID-19-related deaths?", "journal": "J Diabetes Investig", "authors": ["Naruse, Keiko"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521120", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which induced the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), mainly invades respiratory tract and lung. Severe cases infected by SARS-CoV-2 progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), septic shock, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), which leads to death in some cases."}, {"pmid": 32365236, "title": "Virtual Multiple Mini-Interview during a COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Ungtrakul, Teerapat", "Lamlertthon, Wisut", "Boonchoo, Burapen", "Auewarakul, Chirayu"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365236", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Multiple Mini-Interviews (MMIs) are one of the most effective and popular interview methods for medical school candidate selection. A standardized set of scenarios/questions and responses are pre-determined and candidates rotate through various stations to meet examiners in face-to-face, in-person, mini-interviews during a finite time allotment. The objective of MMIs are to generally to assess candidates' characteristics in different domains such as ethics and morality, communication skills, and critical thinking. MMIs can be reliable and feasible, moreso than traditional interview methods."}, {"pmid": 32401170, "title": "Prioritizing Frontline Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Bioeth", "authors": ["Jecker, Nancy S", "Wightman, Aaron G", "Diekema, Douglas S"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401170", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522515, "title": "The presence and distribution of novel coronavirus in medical environment.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Jiang, Qianli", "Chen, Yinghua", "Dai, Yingchun", "Hu, Guodong"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522515", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503728, "pmcid": "PMC7165097", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia in a dual heart-kidney recipient.", "journal": "J Heart Lung Transplant", "authors": ["Stachel, Maxine W", "Gidea, Claudia G", "Reyentovich, Alex", "Mehta, Sapna A", "Moazami, Nader"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503728", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516274, "title": "Prone Positioning for Pregnant Women With Hypoxemia Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Tolcher, Mary Catherine", "McKinney, Jennifer R", "Eppes, Catherine S", "Muigai, David", "Shamshirsaz, Amir", "Guntupalli, Kalpalatha K", "Nates, Joseph L"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516274", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has prompted expanded use of prone positioning for refractory hypoxemia. Clinical trials have demonstrated beneficial effects of early prone positioning for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), including decreased mortality. However, pregnant women were excluded from these trials. To address the need for low-cost, low-harm interventions in the face of a widespread viral syndrome wherein hypoxemia predominates, we developed an algorithm for prone positioning of both intubated and nonintubated pregnant women. This algorithm may be appropriate for a wide spectrum of hypoxemia severity among pregnant women. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is responsible for the clinical manifestations of COVID-19. This syndrome can manifest as severe pneumonia complicated by hypoxemia and ARDS. Given the current global COVID-19 pandemic, with a large number of ARDS cases, there is renewed interest in the use of prone positioning to improve oxygenation in moderate or severe hypoxemia. Among the populations who can benefit from prone positioning are pregnant women experiencing severe respiratory distress, as long as the physiologic changes and risks of pregnancy are taken into account."}, {"pmid": 32387864, "pmcid": "PMC7189186", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection and obesity: Common inflammatory and metabolic aspects.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Michalakis, Konstantinos", "Ilias, Ioannis"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387864", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "According to the World Obesity Federation, \"obesity-related conditions seem to worsen the effect of Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2)\"; additionally the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention reported that \"people with heart disease and diabetes are at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 complications and that severe obesity poses a higher risk for severe illness\". Recent reports have shown elevated levels of cytokines due to increased inflammation in patients with SARS-CoV-2 disease. On the other hand, obesity represents a state of low-grade inflammation, with various inflammatory products directly excreted by adipose tissue. In this concise report we aimed to assess common elements of obesity and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pubmed search on obesity and SARS-CoV-2 infection. We present \"mechanistic\" obesity-related problems that aggravate SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as tentative inflammatory/metabolic links between these diseases. Obesity and SARS-CoV-2 share common elements of the inflammatory process (and possibly also metabolic disturbances), exacerbating SARS-CoV-2 infection in the obese."}, {"pmid": 32474104, "pmcid": "PMC7255710", "title": "Virtual Spine: A novel, international teleconferencing program developed to increase the accessibility of spine education during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Rasouli, Jonathan J", "Shin, John H", "Than, Khoi D", "Gibbs, Wende N", "Baum, Griffin R", "Baaj, Ali A"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474104", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic effectively ended all major spine educational conferences in the first half of 2020. In response, the authors formed a \"virtual\" case-based conference series directed at delivering spine education to healthcare providers around the world. We herein share the technical logistics, early participant feedback, and future direction of this initiative. The Virtual Global Spine Conference (VGSC) was created in April 2020 by a multi-institutional team of spinal neurosurgeons and a neuroradiologist. Biweekly virtual meetings were established wherein invited national and international spine care providers would deliver case-based presentations on spine and spine surgery-related conditions via teleconferencing. Promotion was coordinated through social media platforms such as Twitter. VGSC recruited over 1000 surgeons, trainees and other specialists, with 50-100 new registrants per week thereafter. An early survey to the participants, with 168 responders, indicated that 92% viewed the content as highly valuable to their practice and 94% would continue participating post-COVID. Participants from the United States (29%), Middle East (16%), and Europe (12%) comprised the majority of the audience. Approximately 52% were neurosurgeons, 18% orthopaedic surgeons, and 6% neuroradiologists. A majority of participants were physicians (55%) and residents/fellows (21%). The early success of the VGSC reflects a strong interest in spine education despite the COVID pandemic and social distancing guidelines. There is widespread opinion, backed by our own survey results, that many clinicians and trainees wish to see \"virtual\" education continue post-COVID."}, {"pmid": 32313587, "pmcid": "PMC7165272", "title": "[Management of the COVID-19 epidemic by public health establishments - Analysis by the Federation Hospitaliere de France].", "authors": ["Barro, Kathia", "Malone, Antoine", "Mokede, Alexandre", "Chevance, Cecile"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313587", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The objective of this article is to detail the measures taken in public institutions to cope with the COVID-19 epidemic. It details the initial strategy, organizational evolution towards \"all-COVID\", coordination between the various stakeholders and the strategy for maintaining continuity of care. The Quebec experience is also used as an example. Finally, an exit strategy must be anticipated at this phase of the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32454584, "pmcid": "PMC7228863", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on HTA.", "journal": "PharmacoEcon Outcomes News", "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454584", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406517, "pmcid": "PMC7272874", "title": "The COVID-19 information pandemic: how have we managed the surge?", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Kearsley, R", "Duffy, C C"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406517", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32146721, "pmcid": "PMC7228293", "title": "An outbreak of COVID-19 caused by a new coronavirus: what we know so far.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Cheng, Allen C", "Williamson, Deborah A"], "date": "2020-03-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32146721", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387514, "pmcid": "PMC7202822", "title": "Caution when linking COVID-19 to mental health consequences.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Meda, Nicola", "Slongo, Irene"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387514", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472558, "title": "Xenotransplantation literature update, March/April 2020.", "journal": "Xenotransplantation", "authors": ["Li, Xiaohang", "Burlak, Christopher"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472558", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425202, "pmcid": "PMC7229733", "title": "Cardiothoracic Surgical Advocacy in a Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Speir, Alan M", "Yohe, Courtney", "Dearani, Joseph A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425202", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386942, "pmcid": "PMC7183950", "title": "Endoscopy during the Covid-19 outbreak: experience and recommendations from a single center in a high-incidence scenario.", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Elli, Luca", "Rimondi, Alessandro", "Scaramella, Lucia", "Topa, Matilde", "Vecchi, Maurizio", "Mangioni, Davide", "Gori, Andrea", "Penagini, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386942", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A dramatic SARS-Cov-2 outbreak is hitting Italy hard. To face the new scenario all the hospitals have been re-organised in order to reduce all the outpatient services and to devote almost all their personnel and resources to the management of Covid-19 patients. As a matter of fact, all the services have undergone a deep re-organization guided by: the necessity to reduce exams, to create an environment that helps reduce the virus spread, and to preserve the medical personnel from infection. In these days a re-organization of the endoscopic unit, sited in a high-incidence area, has been adopted, with changes to logistics, work organization and patients selection. With the present manuscript, we want to support gastroenterologists and endoscopists in the organization of a \"new\" endoscopy unit that responds to the \"new\" scenario, while remaining fully aware that resources, availability and local circumstances may extremely vary from unit to unit."}, {"pmid": 32369111, "pmcid": "PMC7239265", "title": "Use of telemedicine to provide clinical pharmacy services during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Health Syst Pharm", "authors": ["Elson, E Claire", "Oermann, Christopher", "Duehlmeyer, Stephanie", "Bledsoe, Sarah"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369111", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525438, "title": "Response to Smith et al.: Telehealth for global emergencies: Implications for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Telemed Telecare", "authors": ["Scott, Richard E", "Mars, Maurice"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525438", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490532, "title": "HyPE study: hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis-related adverse events' analysis among healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: a rising public health concern.", "journal": "J Public Health (Oxf)", "authors": ["Nagaraja, Bada Sharanappa", "Ramesh, Kalhalli Narayanaswamy", "Dhar, Debjyoti", "Mondal, Mahammad Samim", "Dey, Treshita", "Saha, Subhrakamal", "Khan, Mumtaz Ali", "Rutul, Shah Dhiren", "Pratik, Kishore", "Manjula, Jayaram", "Sangeeth, Thuppanattumadam Ananthasubramanian", "Singh, Vikram"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490532", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rising burden of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has led to the mass use of hydroxychloroquine by healthcare workers (HCWs). Adverse event profile of this drug when used as prophylaxis is not well known in the literature. A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted across the country using semi-structured web-based questionnaire among COVID-19 negative and asymptomatic healthcare workers, taking hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis. Descriptive and multivariate logistic-regression models were applied for analysis. Of the 166 participants, at least one adverse event was experienced by 37.9% participants, gastrointestinal being the most common (30.7%). Risk was higher in participants <40\u00a0years age (odd's ratio (OR): 2.44, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18-5.05) and after first dose of hydroxychloroquine (51.2%, OR: 2.38, 95%CI: 1.17-4.84). Hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis was initiated without electrocardiography by 80.1% of HCWs. Only 21.6% of those with cardiovascular disease could get prior ECG. A higher incidence of adverse events was observed when results were compared with studies involving patients on long-term hydroxychloroquine therapy. Younger age and first dose were associated with greater incidence of adverse events though all were self-limiting. Monitoring prior and during prophylaxis was inadequate even among those with cardiovascular disease and risk-factors. However, no serious cardiovascular events were reported."}, {"pmid": 32520981, "title": "ACE2 diversity in placental mammals reveals the evolutionary strategy of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Genet Mol Biol", "authors": ["Bibiana S O, Fam", "Vargas-Pinilla, Pedro", "Amorim, Carlos Eduardo G", "Sortica, Vinicius A", "Bortolini, Maria Catira"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520981", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the current pandemic of COVID-19, which uses the human membrane protein ACE2 as a gateway to host-cell infection. We performed a comparative genomic analysis of 70 ACE2 placental mammal orthologues to identify variations and contribute to the understanding of evolutionary dynamics behind this successful adaptation to infect humans. Our results reveal that 4% of the ACE2 sites are under positive selection, all located in the catalytic domain, suggesting possibly taxon-specific adaptations related to the ACE2 function, such as cardiovascular physiology. Considering all variable sites, we selected 30 of them located at the critical ACE2 binding sites to the SARS-CoV-like viruses for analysis in more detail. Our results reveal a relatively high diversity of ACE2 between placental mammal species, while showing no polymorphism within human populations, at least considering the 30 inter-species variable sites. A perfect scenario for natural selection favored this opportunistic new coronavirus in its trajectory of infecting humans. We suggest that SARS-CoV-2 became a specialist coronavirus for human hosts. Differences in the rate of infection and mortality could be related to the innate immune responses, other unknown genetic factors, as well as non-biological factors."}, {"pmid": 32357257, "pmcid": "PMC7267233", "title": "Role of respirators in controlling the spread of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) amongst dental healthcare providers: a review.", "journal": "Int Endod J", "authors": ["Umer, F", "Haji, Z", "Zafar, K"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357257", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare professionals are at the forefront of managing the highly infectious coronavirus. As the most common route of transmission is via aerosols and droplet inhalation, it is critical for healthcare workers to have the correct personal protective equipment (PPE) including gowns, masks and goggles. Surgical masks are not effective in preventing the influenza and SARS, so they are unlikely to be able to resist contaminated aerosols from entering the respiratory system. Therefore, it is vital to use respirators which have been proven to offer better protection against droplets, aerosols and fluid penetration and which form a tight seal around the mouth and nose. Various types of respirators are used in healthcare settings, such as half-mask filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) and powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs). The most commonly used FFR is the N95 disposable respirator, which is tight fitting and has a 95% or above particle filtering efficiency for a median particle size of 0.3\u00a0\u00b5m. This review discusses respirators, their purpose, types, clinical efficiency and proper donning and doffing techniques."}, {"pmid": 32356423, "pmcid": "PMC7200178", "title": "Witch-hunt Cannot Eradicate COVID-19.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Chung, Beom Sun"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356423", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220710, "pmcid": "PMC7118521", "title": "Renin-angiotensin system: The unexpected flaw inside the human immune system revealed by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Roncati, Luca", "Gallo, Graziana", "Manenti, Antonio", "Palmieri, Beniamino"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220710", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526483, "title": "COVID 19 and brain crosstalks.", "journal": "Clin Neurol Neurosurg", "authors": ["Prabhakar, Hemanshu", "Mahajan, Charu", "Kapoor, Indu"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526483", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32160971, "pmcid": "PMC7129439", "title": "Positive result of Sars-Cov-2 in sputum from a cured patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Qu, Ye-Min", "Kang, En-Ming", "Cong, Hai-Yan"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32160971", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31971553, "title": "Coronavirus Infections-More Than Just the Common Cold.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Paules, Catharine I", "Marston, Hilary D", "Fauci, Anthony S"], "date": "2020-01-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31971553", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473010, "title": "TPE-nAbs combination therapy for severe COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Malkovsky, Miroslav"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473010", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514586, "title": "Myocarditis in the era of SARS-CoV-2: one piece of a complex puzzle?", "journal": "Herz", "authors": ["Polito, Maria Vincenza", "Ravera, Amelia"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514586", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461198, "title": "COVID-19, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases: Should we change the therapy?", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Tadic, Marijana", "Cuspidi, Cesare", "Mancia, Giuseppe", "Dell'Oro, Raffaella", "Grassi, Guido"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461198", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread all around the world in a very short period of time. Recent data are showing significant prevalence of arterial hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among patients with COVID-19, which raised many questions about higher susceptibility of patients with these comorbidities to the novel coronavirus, as well as the role of hypertension and CVD in progression and the prognosis of COVID-19 patients. There is a very limited amount of data, usually obtained from a small population, regarding the effect of the underlying disease on the outcome in patients with COVID-19. The evaluation of the treatment of these comorbidities at baseline and during COVID-19 is scarce and the results are conflicting. Hypertension and CVD, after the adjustment for other clinical and demographic parameters, primarily age, did not remain independent predictors of the lethal outcome in COVID-19 patients. Some investigations speculated about the association between the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and susceptibility to COVID-19, as well as the relationship between RAAS inhibitors and the adverse outcome in these patients. Withdrawing or switching RAAS inhibitors would have uncertain benefits, but it would definitely have many disadvantages such as uncontrolled hypertension, cardiac function deterioration and renal function impairment, which could potentially induce more complications in patients with COVID-19 than the infection of coronavirus itself. The aim of this review article was to summarize the prevalence of hypertension and CVD in patients with COVID-19, their influence on the outcome and the effect of treatment of hypertension and CVD in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32459701, "title": "Symptoms and Critical Illness Among Obstetric Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Andrikopoulou, Maria", "Madden, Nigel", "Wen, Timothy", "Aubey, Janice J", "Aziz, Aleha", "Baptiste, Caitlin D", "Breslin, Noelle", "D'Alton, Mary E", "Fuchs, Karin M", "Goffman, Dena", "Gyamfi-Bannerman, Cynthia", "Matseoane-Peterssen, Dara N", "Miller, Russell S", "Sheen, Jean-Ju", "Simpson, Lynn L", "Sutton, Desmond", "Zork, Noelia", "Friedman, Alexander M"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459701", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To characterize symptoms and disease severity among pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, along with laboratory findings, imaging, and clinical outcomes. Pregnant women with COVID-19 infection were identified at two affiliated hospitals in New York City from March 13 to April 19, 2020, for this case series study. Women were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection based on either universal testing on admission or testing because of COVID-19-related symptoms. Disease was classified as either 1) asymptomatic or mild or 2) moderate or severe based on dyspnea, tachypnea, or hypoxia. Clinical and demographic risk factors for moderate or severe disease were analyzed and calculated as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs. Laboratory findings and associated symptoms were compared between those with mild or asymptomatic and moderate or severe disease. The clinical courses and associated complications of women hospitalized with moderate and severe disease are described. Of 158 pregnant women with COVID-19 infection, 124 (78%) had mild or asymptomatic disease and 34 (22%) had moderate or severe disease. Of 15 hospitalized women with moderate or severe disease, 10 received respiratory support with supplemental oxygen and one required intubation. Women with moderate or severe disease had a higher likelihood of having an underlying medical comorbidity (50% vs 27%, OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.26-6.02). Asthma was more common among those with moderate or severe disease (24% vs 8%, OR 3.51, 95% CI 1.26-9.75). Women with moderate or severe disease were significantly more likely to have leukopenia and elevated aspartate transaminase and ferritin. Women with moderate or severe disease were at significantly higher risk for cough and chest pain and pressure. Nine women received ICU or step-down-level care, including four for 9 days or longer. Two women underwent preterm delivery because their clinical status deteriorated. One in five pregnant women who contracted COVID-19 infection developed moderate or severe disease, including a small proportion with prolonged critical illness who received ICU or step-down-level care."}, {"pmid": 32368727, "pmcid": "PMC7196399", "title": "Testing for COVID-19 in patients with cancer.", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Alhalabi, Omar", "Iyer, Swami", "Subbiah, Vivek"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368727", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502107, "title": "How to Produce Cheap and Easy Custom-Made Sterilizable Filtering Facepiece 2/3 Masks for Healthcare Providers During Pandemic COVID-19 Emergency.", "journal": "J Craniofac Surg", "authors": ["Vellone, Valentino", "Marianetti, Tito M", "Di Renzo, Luca", "Ricci, Alessandro", "Bocciolesi, Federico", "Ramieri, Valerio"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502107", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On January 8, 2020, a novel coronavirus was officially announced as the causative pathogen of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.On February 26, COVID-19 has been recognized in 34 countries, with a total of 80,239 laboratory-confirmed patients and 2700 deaths.Protecting healthcare workers from infectious hazards is paramount to ensuring their safety in delivering health care.In addition, being able to protect healthcare workers, constituting the front-line response against high-threat respiratory pathogens, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is important for reducing secondary transmission in healthcare-associated outbreaks.Authors present a simple, reliable, and cheap protocol to produce a custom-made sterilizable filtering facepiece 2/3 masks for healthcare providers during pandemic COVID-19 emergency."}, {"pmid": 32509312, "pmcid": "PMC7246962", "title": "Pharmacists reinventing their roles to effectively respond to COVID-19: a global report from the international pharmacists for anticoagulation care taskforce (iPACT).", "journal": "J Pharm Policy Pract", "authors": ["Alves da Costa, Filipa", "Lee, Vivian", "Leite, Silvana Nair", "Murillo, Maria Dolores", "Menge, Tom", "Antoniou, Sotiris"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509312", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV2 is dramatically impacting the global population. Worldwide, pharmacists are changing their roles and being increasingly recognized for their role as essential service providers. This commentary provides some examples collected from Asia, Europe, the Americas and Africa, ranging from essential services to meet human rights basic needs, extended generalist services developed to ensure continuity of care and supply of essential medicines to the development of differentiated extended responsibilities in emergency care. All examples were collected using a network of pharmacists from 27 countries, representing various areas of pharmacy practice, education and research and outreaching to include patient advocates. Selected services illustrate good practice, capability to adapt and contribution to universal health coverage. Above all, it demonstrates the commitment and innovation of the pharmaceutical workforce in the fight against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32526093, "title": "Dermatological therapies with relevance to COVID-19.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Shishak, Mansak", "Sarkar, Rashmi"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526093", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a novel single stranded RNA virus that has gripped humanity all over. It affects primarily the respiratory system, but is not limited to it, causing widespread involvement of many organ systems. The cases are still rising at an exponential rate and manifold trials are on to test different agents with the hope for potential limitation of spread and control of symptoms. Various classes of drugs have been tried; some with moderate success while many are yet to be proven to be of definite benefit. We have observed that the drugs used in dermatology practice are featured in more than a few of such studies. Here we wish to highlight the ones that we are familiar with, which has featured at some point, in the management of this very challenging pandemic. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32295720, "pmcid": "PMC7144808", "title": "Foot and Ankle Surgery during COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Foot Ankle Surg", "authors": ["Richter, Martinus"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295720", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510598, "title": "Single-cell RNA analysis on ACE2 expression provides insights into SARS-CoV-2 potential entry into the bloodstream and heart injury.", "journal": "J Cell Physiol", "authors": ["Guo, Jieyu", "Wei, Xiangxiang", "Li, Qinhan", "Li, Liliang", "Yang, Zhaohua", "Shi, Yu", "Qin, Yue", "Zhang, Xinyue", "Wang, Xinhong", "Zhi, Xiuling", "Meng, Dan"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510598", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic with high infectivity and pathogenicity, accounting for tens of thousands of deaths worldwide. Recent studies have found that the pathogen of COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), shares the same cell receptor angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2) as\u00a0SARS-CoV. The pathological investigation of COVID-19 deaths showed that the lungs had characteristics of pulmonary fibrosis. However, how SARS-CoV-2 spreads from the lungs to other organs has not yet been determined. Here, we performed an unbiased evaluation of cell-type-specific expression of ACE2 in healthy and fibrotic lungs, as well as in normal and failed adult human hearts, using published single-cell RNA-seq data. We found that ACE2 expression in fibrotic lungs mainly locates in arterial vascular cells, which might provide a route for bloodstream spreading of SARS-CoV-2. Failed human hearts have a higher percentage of ACE2-expressing cardiomyocytes, and SARS-CoV-2 might attack cardiomyocytes through the bloodstream in patients with heart failure. Moreover, ACE2 was highly expressed in cells infected by respiratory syncytial virus or Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and in mice treated by lipopolysaccharide. Our findings indicate that patients with pulmonary fibrosis, heart failure, and virus infection have a higher risk and are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The SARS-CoV-2 might attack other organs by getting into the bloodstream. This study provides new insights into SARS-CoV-2 blood entry and heart injury and might propose a therapeutic strategy to prevent patients from developing severe complications."}, {"pmid": 32032543, "pmcid": "PMC7128153", "title": "Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Xiang, Yu-Tao", "Yang, Yuan", "Li, Wen", "Zhang, Ling", "Zhang, Qinge", "Cheung, Teris", "Ng, Chee H"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32032543", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524779, "title": "Role of Chest Computed Tomography in Children with Pneumonia Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Lee, Mi Jung", "Goo, Hyun Woo"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524779", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320129, "pmcid": "PMC7264610", "title": "Explanation for COVID-19 infection neurological damage and reactivations.", "journal": "Transbound Emerg Dis", "authors": ["Roe, Kevin"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320129", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324703, "pmcid": "PMC7224599", "title": "Potential Impact of Climate on Novel Corona Virus (COVID-19) Epidemic.", "journal": "J Occup Environ Med", "authors": ["Monami, Matteo", "Silverii, Antonio", "Mannucci, Edoardo"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324703", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32272957, "pmcid": "PMC7145275", "title": "COVID-19 the showdown for mass casualty preparedness and management: the Cassandra Syndrome.", "journal": "World J Emerg Surg", "authors": ["Coccolini, Federico", "Sartelli, Massimo", "Kluger, Yoram", "Pikoulis, Emmanouil", "Karamagioli, Evika", "Moore, Ernest E", "Biffl, Walter L", "Peitzman, Andrew", "Hecker, Andreas", "Chirica, Mircea", "Damaskos, Dimitrios", "Ordonez, Carlos", "Vega, Felipe", "Fraga, Gustavo P", "Chiarugi, Massimo", "Di Saverio, Salomone", "Kirkpatrick, Andrew W", "Abu-Zidan, Fikri", "Mefire, Alain Chicom", "Leppaniemi, Ari", "Khokha, Vladimir", "Sakakushev, Boris", "Catena, Rodolfo", "Coimbra, Raul", "Ansaloni, Luca", "Corbella, Davide", "Catena, Fausto"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272957", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the world is potentially facing one of the most difficult infectious situations of the last decades. COVID-19 epidemic warrants consideration as a mass casualty incident (MCI) of the highest nature. An optimal MCI/disaster management should consider all four phases of the so-called disaster cycle: mitigation, planning, response, and recovery. COVID-19 outbreak has demonstrated the worldwide unpreparedness to face a global MCI.This present paper thus represents a call for action to solicitate governments and the Global Community to actively start effective plans to promote and improve MCI management preparedness in general, and with an obvious current focus on COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32408304, "title": "Community-Acquired Respiratory Viruses in Oncology: Lessons to Be Learnt from the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.", "journal": "Oncol Res Treat", "authors": ["von Lilienfeld-Toal, Marie"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408304", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374416, "pmcid": "PMC7267417", "title": "ACE2 and prognosis of COVID-19. Insights from Bartter's and Gitelman's syndromes patients.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Calo, Lorenzo A", "Davis, Paul A", "Rigato, Matteo", "Sgarabotto, Luca"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374416", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The relationship between Renin-Angiotensin system (RAS) and COVID-19 pandemic and, in particular, RAS as part of the CoV-2 infection process via Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), the entry point of SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in conflicting suggestions regarding how RAS and its role(s) should inform treating COVID-19. ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II (Ang)-type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs), in fact, have been suggested to be avoided as they potentially upregulate ACE2 1 and, conversely, there are suggestions that ARBs might be beneficial 2 as SARS-CoV-2 causing ACE2 downregulation slows the Ang II conversion to the vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiatherosclerotic Ang 1-7 3-5 , and the use of ARBs by blocking the excessive Ang II type-1 receptors activation, would be beneficial upregulating ACE2 activity and increasing Ang 1-7 levels. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32253225, "title": "Covid-19: NICE advises against using NSAIDs for fever in patients with suspected cases.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Torjesen, Ingrid"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253225", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469265, "title": "Docking study of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine interaction with SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein-An in silico insight into the comparative efficacy of repurposing antiviral drugs.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Amin, Muhammad", "Abbas, Ghazanfer"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469265", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent outbreak of novel Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) pandemic around the world is associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome. The death toll associated with the pandemic is increasing day by day. SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped virus and there are ample evidences that its Spike protein (S-protein) is mainly associated with pathogenesis as it is surface-exposed and mediates entry into host cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor. Therefore, it is the main target of neutralizing antibodies upon infection and there is always a quest to inhibit the S-protein which in turn may help in controlling diseases caused by SARS-CoV-2 in humans. The role of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine as potential treatments for Covid-19 is still under debate globally because of some side effects associated with it. This study involves the In silico interactions of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine with the S-protein of SARS-CoV-2. With the help of various computational methods, we have re-explored the potential role of both of these antiviral drugs for the treatment of Covid-19 patients by comparing the efficacy of both of the drugs to bind to S-protein at its host receptor region. In our research Hydroxychloroquine exhibited potential inhibitory effectsof S-protein with binding energy -7.28\u2009kcal/mol than Chloroquine (-6.30\u2009kcal/mol) at SARS-CoV-2 receptor recognition of susceptible cells. The outcomes of this research strongly appeal for in vivo trials of Hydroxychloroquine for the patients infected with Covid-19. Furthermore, the recommended doses of Hydroxychloroquine may reduce the chances of catching Covid-19 to the healthcare workers and staff who are in contact with or delivering direct care to coronavirus patients as long as they have not been diagnosed with Covid-19. We further hypothesize that the comparative S-protein-drug docking interactions may help to understand the comparative efficacy of other candidate repurposing drugs until discovery of a proper vaccine."}, {"pmid": 32381695, "title": "NIH move to ax bat coronavirus grant draws fire.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Wadman, Meredith", "Cohen, Jon"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381695", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369208, "pmcid": "PMC7267635", "title": "Clinical Features of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) from a Designated Hospital in Beijing, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Sun, Lijun", "Shen, Lijun", "Fan, Junfen", "Gu, Fengjun", "Hu, Mei", "An, Yiran", "Zhou, Qing", "Fan, Huahao", "Bi, Jingfeng"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369208", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clinical and laboratory data on patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Beijing, China, remain extremely limited. In this study, we summarized the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 from a designated hospital in Beijing. In total, 55 patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in Beijing 302 Hospital were enrolled in this study. Demographic data, symptoms, comorbidities, laboratory values, treatments, and clinical outcomes were all collected and retrospectively analyzed. A total of 15 (27.3%) patients had severe symptoms, the mean age was 44.0 years (interquartile range [IQR], 34.0-56.0), and the median incubation period was 7.5 days (IQR, 5.0-11.8). A total of 26 (47.3%) patients had exposure history in Wuhan of less than 2 weeks, whereas 20 (36.4%) patients were associated with familial clusters. Also, eighteen (32.7%) patients had underlying comorbidities including hypertension. The most common symptom of illness was fever (45; 81.8%); 51 (92.7%) patients had abnormal findings on chest computed tomography. Laboratory findings showed that neutrophil count, percentage of lymphocyte, percentage of eosinophil, eosinophil count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, albumin, and serum ferritin are potential risk factors for patients with a poor prognosis. A total of 26 patients (47.3%) were still hospitalized, whereas 29 (52.7%) patients had been discharged. Compared with patients in Wuhan, China, the symptoms of patients in Beijing are relatively mild. Older age, more comorbidities, and more abnormal prominent laboratory markers were associated with a severe condition. On the basis of antiviral drugs, it is observed that antibiotics treatment, appropriate dosage of corticosteroid, and gamma globulin therapy significantly improve patients' outcomes. Early identification and timely medical treatment are important to reduce the severity of patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32519994, "title": "Vertigo and hearing loss during the COVID-19 pandemic - is there an association?", "journal": "Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital", "authors": ["Karimi-Galougahi, Mahboobeh", "Naeini, Ali Safavi", "Raad, Nasim", "Mikaniki, Narges", "Ghorbani, Jahangir"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519994", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240096, "pmcid": "PMC7124952", "title": "Preventive Behaviors Conveyed on YouTube to Mitigate Transmission of COVID-19: Cross-Sectional Study.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Basch, Corey H", "Hillyer, Grace C", "Meleo-Erwin, Zoe C", "Jaime, Christie", "Mohlman, Jan", "Basch, Charles E"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240096", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Accurate information and guidance about personal behaviors that can reduce exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 are among the most important elements in mitigating the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). With over 2 billion users, YouTube is a media channel that millions turn to when seeking information. At the time of this study, there were no published studies investigating the content of YouTube videos related to COVID-19. This study aims to address this gap in the current knowledge. The 100 most widely viewed YouTube videos uploaded throughout the month of January 2020 were reviewed and the content covered was described. Collectively, these videos were viewed over 125 million times. Fewer than one-third of the videos covered any of the seven key prevention behaviors listed on the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. These results represent an important missed opportunity for disease prevention."}, {"pmid": 32508389, "title": "A General Framework to Test and Evaluate Filtering Facepiece Respirators Considered for Crisis Capacity Use as a Strategy to Optimize Supply.", "journal": "J Int Soc Respir Prot", "authors": ["Yoon, Katherine N", "Greenawald, Lee A", "Rottach, Dana R", "Pollard, Jonisha P", "Yorio, Patrick L"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508389", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During a public health emergency, respirator shortages can have a profound impact on the national response, such as for the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Due to a severe shortage of respirators (particularly filtering facepiece respirators [FFRs]), there may be contexts in which understanding the performance of FFRs that are approved for use as part of a crisis capacity strategy is desired. This includes FFRs that are not covered under the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Respirator Approval Program because they have been stored past their designated shelf life, have been decontaminated, or are approved by international certification bodies other than NIOSH. The purpose of this document is to provide a general framework to assess the performance of FFRs that are only being used as a crisis capacity strategy. The intended audience are those who are responsible for managing large amounts of FFRs. This framework includes a four-step process consisting of: 1) defining the population of FFRs to be sampled; 2) providing sampling strategy options; 3) inspecting and testing the sampled units; and 4) evaluating the results. In addition to the four-step process, we provide an example of how NIOSH recently evaluated the quality of FFRs sampled from ten U.S. stockpiles."}, {"pmid": 32376777, "pmcid": "PMC7228480", "title": "COVID-19: maintaining essential rehabilitation services across the care continuum.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Prvu Bettger, Janet", "Thoumi, Andrea", "Marquevich, Victoria", "De Groote, Wouter", "Rizzo Battistella, Linamara", "Imamura, Marta", "Delgado Ramos, Vinicius", "Wang, Ninie", "Dreinhoefer, Karsten E", "Mangar, Ariane", "Ghandi, Dorcas B C", "Ng, Yee Sien", "Lee, Kheng Hock", "Tan Wei Ming, John", "Pua, Yong Hao", "Inzitari, Marco", "Mmbaga, Blandina T", "Shayo, Mathew J", "Brown, Darren A", "Carvalho, Marissa", "Oh-Park, Mooyeon", "Stein, Joel"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376777", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416206, "pmcid": "PMC7228687", "title": "COVID-19 & PPE: Treatment and Prevention of Skin Conditions Related to the Occupational Use of Personal Protective Equipment.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Desai, Seemal R", "Kovarik, Carrie", "Brod, Bruce", "James, William", "Fitzgerald, Matthew E", "Preston, Ave", "Hruza, George J"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416206", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405230, "pmcid": "PMC7219379", "title": "Supporting Young Adults to Rise to the Challenge of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Nagata, Jason M"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405230", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460357, "title": "Immunopathological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 cases in Guangzhou, China.", "journal": "Immunology", "authors": ["Tan, Mingkai", "Liu, Yanxia", "Zhou, Ruiping", "Deng, Xilong", "Li, Fang", "Liang, Kaiyan", "Shi, Yaling"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460357", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disorder caused by the highly contagious SARS-CoV-2. The immunopathological characteristics of COVID-19 patients, either systemic or local, have not been thoroughly studied. In the present study, we analyzed both the changes in the number of various immune cell types as well as cytokines important for immune reactions and inflammation. Our data indicate that patients with severe COVID-19 exhibited an overall decline of lymphocytes including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, and NK cells. The number of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells was moderately increased in patients with mild COVID-19. IL-6, IL-10, and C-reactive protein were remarkably up-regulated in patients with severe COVID-19. In conclusion, our study shows that the comprehensive decrease of lymphocytes, the elevation of IL-6, IL-10, and C-reactive protein are reliable indicators of severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32448330, "pmcid": "PMC7246000", "title": "Early awake prone position combined with high-flow nasal oxygen therapy in severe COVID-19: a case series.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Xu, Qiancheng", "Wang, Tao", "Qin, Xuemei", "Jie, Yanli", "Zha, Lei", "Lu, Weihua"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448330", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405270, "pmcid": "PMC7219422", "title": "Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Is Comparable in Clinical Samples Preserved in Saline or Viral Transport Medium.", "journal": "J Mol Diagn", "authors": ["Radbel, Jared", "Jagpal, Sugeet", "Roy, Jason", "Brooks, Andrew", "Tischfield, Jay", "Sheldon, Michael", "Bixby, Christian", "Witt, Dana", "Gennaro, Maria L", "Horton, Daniel B", "Barrett, Emily S", "Carson, Jeffrey L", "Panettieri, Reynold A Jr", "Blaser, Martin J"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405270", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic sweeps across the world, the availability of viral transport medium (VTM) has become severely limited, contributing to delays in diagnosis and rationing of diagnostic testing. Given that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral RNA has demonstrated stability, we posited that phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) may be a viable transport medium, as an alternative to VTM, for clinical real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) testing. The intra-individual reliability and interindividual reliability of SARS-CoV-2 qPCR were assessed in clinical endotracheal secretion samples transported in VTM or PBS to evaluate the stability of the qPCR signal for three viral targets (N gene, ORF1ab, and S gene) when samples were stored in these media at room temperature for up to 18 hours. We report that the use of PBS as a transport medium allows high intra-individual and interindividual reliability, maintains viral stability, and compares with VTM in the detection of the three SARS-CoV-2 genes through 18 hours of storage. This study establishes PBS as a clinically useful medium that can be readily deployed for transporting and short-term preservation of specimens containing SARS-CoV-2. Use of PBS as a transport medium has the potential to increase testing capacity for SARS-CoV-2, aiding more widespread screening and early diagnosis of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32407959, "pmcid": "PMC7212963", "title": "Compassionate remdesivir treatment of severe Covid-19 pneumonia in intensive care unit (ICU) and Non-ICU patients: Clinical outcome and differences in post-treatment hospitalisation status.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Antinori, Spinello", "Cossu, Maria Vittoria", "Ridolfo, Anna Lisa", "Rech, Roberto", "Bonazzetti, Cecilia", "Pagani, Gabriele", "Gubertini, Guido", "Coen, Massimo", "Magni, Carlo", "Castelli, Antonio", "Borghi, Beatrice", "Colombo, Riccardo", "Giorgi, Riccardo", "Angeli, Elena", "Mileto, Davide", "Milazzo, Laura", "Vimercati, Stefania", "Pellicciotta, Martina", "Corbellino, Mario", "Torre, Alessandro", "Rusconi, Stefano", "Oreni, Letizia", "Gismondo, Maria Rita", "Giacomelli, Andrea", "Meroni, Luca", "Rizzardini, Giuliano", "Galli, Massimo"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407959", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is causing an increasing number of deaths worldwide because no effective treatment is currently available. Remdesivir has shown in vitro activity against coronaviruses and is a possible antiviral treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection. This prospective (compassionate), open-label study of remdesivir, which was conducted at Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy, between February 23 and March 20, 2020, involved patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia aged \u226518 years undergoing mechanical ventilation or with an oxygen saturation level of \u226494 % in air or a National Early Warning Score 2 of \u22654. The primary outcome was the change in clinical status based on a 7-category ordinal scale (1 = not hospitalised, resuming normal daily activities; 7 = deceased). The 35 patients enrolled from February 23 to March 20, 2020, included 18 in intensive care unit (ICU), and 17 in our infectious diseases ward (IDW). The 10-day course of remdesivir was completed by 22 patients (63 %) and discontinued by 13, of whom eight (22.8 %) discontinued because of adverse events. The median follow-up was 39 days (IQR 25-44). At day 28, 14 (82.3 %) patients from IDW were discharged, two were still hospitalized and one died (5.9 %), whereas in ICU 6 (33.3 %) were discharged, 8 (44.4 %) patients died, three (16.7 %) were still mechanically ventilated and one (5.6 %) was improved but still hospitalized. Hypertransaminasemia and acute kidney injury were the most frequent severe adverse events observed (42.8 % and 22.8 % of the cases, respectively). Our data suggest that remdesivir can benefit patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia hospitalised outside ICU where clinical outcome was better and adverse events are less frequently observed. Ongoing randomised controlled trials will clarify its real efficacy and safety, who to treat, and when."}, {"pmid": 32199105, "pmcid": "PMC7269718", "title": "Deciphering the power of isolation in controlling COVID-19 outbreaks.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Niu, Yan", "Xu, Fujie"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199105", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402499, "pmcid": "PMC7195322", "title": "Alarming trends in US domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Boserup, Brad", "McKenney, Mark", "Elkbuli, Adel"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402499", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391413, "pmcid": "PMC7200321", "title": "Preliminary design of an innovative, simple, and easy-to-build portable ventilator for COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "EuroMediterr J Environ Integr", "authors": ["El Majid, Badre", "El Hammoumi, Aboubakr", "Motahhir, Saad", "Lebbadi, Ambar", "El Ghzizal, Abdelaziz"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391413", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This technical note describes the preliminary design of a simple, easy-to-use, and easy-to-build ventilator with an unique design that can be used for COVID-19 patients in emergencies and to prevent massive loss of life in resource-poor environments. It can be assembled by a nonexpert as a homemade solution, without the need for specific equipment or technology. The proposed system is novel, inexpensive, has a reduced reliance on external power, and is very easy to maintain."}, {"pmid": 32242349, "pmcid": "PMC7131906", "title": "School Opening Delay Effect on Transmission Dynamics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea: Based on Mathematical Modeling and Simulation Study.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Kim, Soyoung", "Kim, Yae Jean", "Peck, Kyong Ran", "Jung, Eunok"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242349", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nonpharmaceutical intervention strategy is significantly important to mitigate the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread. One of the interventions implemented by the government is a school closure. The Ministry of Education decided to postpone the school opening from March 2 to April 6 to minimize epidemic size. We aimed to quantify the school closure effect on the COVID-19 epidemic. The potential effects of school opening were measured using a mathematical model considering two age groups: children (aged 19 years and younger) and adults (aged over 19). Based on susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered model, isolation and behavior-changed susceptible individuals are additionally considered. The transmission parameters were estimated from the laboratory confirmed data reported by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from February 16 to March 22. The model was extended with estimated parameters and estimated the expected number of confirmed cases as the transmission rate increased after school opening. Assuming the transmission rate between children group would be increasing 10 fold after the schools open, approximately additional 60 cases are expected to occur from March 2 to March 9, and approximately additional 100 children cases are expected from March 9 to March 23. After March 23, the number of expected cases for children is 28.4 for 7 days and 33.6 for 14 days. The simulation results show that the government could reduce at least 200 cases, with two announcements by the Ministry of education. After March 23, although the possibility of massive transmission in the children's age group is lower, group transmission is possible to occur."}, {"pmid": 32283052, "pmcid": "PMC7151282", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) CT Findings: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Bao, Cuiping", "Liu, Xuehuan", "Zhang, Han", "Li, Yiming", "Liu, Jun"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283052", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To date, considerable knowledge gaps remain regarding the chest CT imaging features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of results from published studies to date to provide a summary of evidence on detection of COVID-19 by chest CT and the expected CT imaging manifestations. Studies were identified by searching PubMed database for articles published between December 2019 and February 2020. Pooled CT positive rate of COVID-19 and pooled incidence of CT imaging findings were estimated using a random-effect model. A total of 13 studies met inclusion criteria. The pooled positive rate of the CT imaging was 89.76% and 90.35% when only including thin-section chest CT. Typical CT signs were ground glass opacities (83.31%), ground glass opacities with mixed consolidation (58.42%), adjacent pleura thickening (52.46%), interlobular septal thickening (48.46%), and air bronchograms (46.46%). Other CT signs included crazy paving pattern (14.81%), pleural effusion (5.88%), bronchiectasis (5.42%), pericardial effusion (4.55%), and lymphadenopathy (3.38%). The most anatomic distributions were bilateral lung infection (78.2%) and peripheral distribution (76.95%). The incidences were highest in the right lower lobe (87.21%), left lower lobe (81.41%), and bilateral lower lobes (65.22%). The right upper lobe (65.22%), right middle lobe (54.95%), and left upper lobe (69.43%) were also commonly involved. The incidence of bilateral upper lobes was 60.87%. A considerable proportion of patients had three or more lobes involved (70.81%). The detection of COVID-19 chest CT imaging is very high among symptomatic individuals at high risk, especially using thin-section chest CT. The most common CT features in patients affected by COVID-19 included ground glass opacities and consolidation involving the bilateral lungs in a peripheral distribution."}, {"pmid": 32320268, "title": "In Defense of Evidence-Based Medicine for the Treatment of COVID-19 ARDS.", "journal": "Ann Am Thorac Soc", "authors": ["Rice, Todd W", "Janz, David R"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320268", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32202911, "title": "Recommendations by the SEPD and AEG, both in general and on the operation of gastrointestinal endoscopy and gastroenterology units, concerning the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (March, 18).", "journal": "Rev Esp Enferm Dig", "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202911", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infection with SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, and the disease this agent may induce, are a cause of notable concern for the general population and, of course, among our professionals and patients. Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy is a high-risk diagnostic-therapeutic procedure in the case of upper GI examinations, and a moderate to low-risk intervention when involving lower GI explorations. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the feces of patients infected with the virus, and occasionally in colonic biopsy samples, has been consistently documented. In fact, viral elimination in the feces may be more prolonged than viral identification in respiratory tract secretions. Furthermore, viral transmission may occur in asymptomatic individuals. However, as of this moment no information has been reported on the possibility of viral transmission, even to professionals, via this route."}, {"pmid": 32202241, "title": "Therapies used in rheumatology with relevance to coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Clin Exp Rheumatol", "authors": ["Pires da Rosa, Gilberto", "Ferreira, Ester"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202241", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482418, "pmcid": "PMC7205732", "title": "Research during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: To \"Preprint\" or not to \"Preprint\", that is the question.", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Mayo-Yanez, Miguel"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482418", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464111, "pmcid": "PMC7247792", "title": "COVID-19 preparedness in Malawi: a national facility-based critical care assessment.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Sonenthal, Paul D", "Masiye, Jones", "Kasomekera, Noel", "Marsh, Regan H", "Wroe, Emily B", "Scott, Kirstin W", "Li, Ruoran", "Murray, Megan B", "Bukhman, Alice", "Connolly, Emilia", "Minyaliwa, Tadala", "Katete, Martha", "Banda, Grace", "Nyirenda, Mulinda", "Rouhani, Shada A"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464111", "countries": ["Malawi"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354684, "pmcid": "PMC7164873", "title": "Addressing General Surgery Residents' Concerns in the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Surg Educ", "authors": ["He, Katherine", "Stolarski, Allan", "Whang, Edward", "Kristo, Gentian"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354684", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this study was to determine the concerns of General Surgery residents as they prepare to be in the frontlines of the response against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19_). A qualitative study with voluntary dyadic and focus group interviews with a total of 30 General Surgery residents enrolled at 2 academic medical centers in Boston, Massachusetts was conducted between March 12 to 16, 2020. The most commonly reported personal concern related to the COVID-19 outbreak was the health of their family (30 of 30 [100%]), followed by the risk of their transmitting COVID-19 infection to their family members (24 of 30 [80%]); risk of their transmitting COVID-19 infection their patients (19 of 30 [63%]); anticipated overwork for taking care of a high number of patients (15 of 30 [50%]); and risk of their acquiring COVID-19 infection from their patients (8 of 30 [27%]) . The responses were comparable when stratified by sex, resident training level, and residency program. All residents self-expressed their readiness to take care of COVID-19 patients despite the risk of personal or familial harm . To improve their preparedness, they recommend increasing testing capacity, ensuring personal protective equipment availability, and transitioning to a shift schedule in order to minimize exposure risk and prevent burnout. General Surgery residents are fully dedicated to taking care of patients with COVID-19 infection despite the risk of personal or familial harm. Surgery departments should protect the physical and psychosocial wellbeing of General Surgery residents in order to increase their ability to provide care in the frontlines of the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32275259, "title": "SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-COV: A comparative overview", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Rabaan, Ali A", "Al-Ahmed, Shamsah H", "Haque, Shafiul", "Sah, Ranjit", "Tiwari, Ruchi", "Malik, Yashpal Singh", "Dhama, Kuldeep", "Yatoo, M Iqbal", "Bonilla-Aldana, D Katterine", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275259", "countries": ["China", "Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 that started in Wuhan, China, has now spread to several other countries and is in its exponential phase of spread. Although less pathogenic than SARS-CoV, it has taken several lives and taken down the economies of many countries. Before this outbreak, the most recent coronavirus outbreaks were the SARS-CoV and the MERS-CoV outbreaks that happened in China and Saudi Arabia, respectively. Since the SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the same family as of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, they share several similarities. So, this review aims at understanding the new scenario of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and compares the epidemiology, clinical presentations, and the genetics of these coronaviruses. Studies reveal that SARS-CoV-2 is very similar in structure and pathogenicity with SARS-CoV, but the most important structural protein, i.e., the spike protein (S), is slightly different in these viruses. The presence of a furin-like cleavage site in SARS-CoV-2 facilitates the S protein priming and might increase the efficiency of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 as compared to other beta coronaviruses. So, furin inhibitors can be targeted as potential drug therapies for SARS-CoV."}, {"pmid": 32324421, "title": "Raids on Immigrant Communities During the Pandemic Threaten the Country's Public Health.", "journal": "Am J Public Health", "authors": ["Lopez, Miriam Magana", "Holmes, Seth M"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324421", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404711, "pmcid": "PMC7268864", "title": "Emerging Attack and Management Strategies for Nuclear Medicine in Responding to COVID-19-ACNM Member Experience and Advice.", "journal": "Clin Nucl Med", "authors": ["Lu, Yang", "Zhu, Xiaohua", "Yan, Sean Xuexian", "Lan, Xiaoli"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404711", "countries": ["China", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as \"global pandemic,\" it is important for everyone, including nuclear medicine personnel, to know how to stop transmission, contain, and prevent the spread of COVID-19. We reach out to our ACNM (American College of Nuclear Medicine) international members from Wuhan, China and Singapore, who have participated in dealing with COVID-19 for the last 2 months, to learn from their lessons and experiences, so to provide advice to all ACNM members for their clinical practice and management strategies in responding to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32404899, "pmcid": "PMC7220650", "title": "Clinical significance of nutritional risk screening for older adult patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Nutr", "authors": ["Liu, Gaoli", "Zhang, Shaowen", "Mao, Zhangfan", "Wang, Weixing", "Hu, Haifeng"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404899", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional risks among older patients with COVID-19 and their associated clinical outcomes using four nutritional risk screening (NRS) tools: Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002), Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), Mini Nutrition Assessment Shortcut (MNA-sf), and Nutrition Risk Index (NRI). We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with COVID-19 older than 65 years who were treated in our hospital from January 28, 2020 to March 5, 2020, and explored the relationship between nutritional risk and clinical outcomes. A total of 141 patients with COVID-19 (46 common COVID-19, 73 severe COVID-19, and 22 extremely severe COVID-19) were enrolled in the study. NRS 2002 identified 85.8% of patients as having risk, with being identified 41.1% by MUST, 77.3% by MNA-sf, and 71.6% by NRI. The agreement strength was moderate between NRS 2002 and MNA-sf, NRI, fair between MUST and MNA-sf, NRI, fair between MNA-sf and NRI, poor between NRS 2002 and MUST (P\u2009<\u20090.01). After adjustment for confounding factors in multivariate regression analysis, patients in the risk group had significantly longer LOS, higher hospital expenses (except MNA-sf), poor appetite, heavier disease severity, and more weight change(kg) than normal patients by using NRS 2002, MNA-sf, and NRI(P\u2009<\u20090.05). The NRS 2002, MNA-sf, and NRI are useful and practical tools with respect to screening for patients with COVID-19 who are at nutritional risk, as well as in need of additional nutritional intervention."}, {"pmid": 32500378, "pmcid": "PMC7270515", "title": "Balneotherapy in the era of COVID-19: should it be recommended or not?", "journal": "Int J Biometeorol", "authors": ["Guvener, Orhan"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500378", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449669, "title": "A perspective on modern advances for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) therapeutics.", "journal": "Eur J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Lakhanpal, Amit", "Brahn, Ernest"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449669", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471704, "pmcid": "PMC7242947", "title": "Central Nervous System Involvement in COVID-19.", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Jahanshahlu, Leila", "Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471704", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532461, "title": "Effectiveness of corticoid pulses in patients with cytokine storm syndrome induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Callejas Rubio, Jose Luis", "Luna Del Castillo, Juan de Dios", "de la Hera Fernandez, Javier", "Guirao Arrabal, Emilio", "Colmenero Ruiz, Manuel", "Ortego Centeno, Norberto"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532461", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) is a serious complication of COVID-19 patients. Treatment is tocilizumab. The use of glucocorticoids (GC) is controversial. In other very similar CSS, such as macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) and hemophagocytic syndrome (HFS), the main treatment are corticosteroids. Our objective is to evaluate the efficacy of GC in the CSS by COVID-19. We included 92 patients with CSS associated to COVID-19 who received GC, GC, and tocilizumab and only tocilizumab. We determine CSS markers. We evaluated mortality, intubation, and a combined variable. In all cases the percentages of events were lower in the group of patients with GC was administered. The hazard ratio of the final variables with GC versus the group in which only tocilizumab was administered was lower as CGs were considered, with statistical significance for survival. The early use of GC pulses could control SLC, with a lower requirement to use tocilizumab and a decrease in events such as intubation and death."}, {"pmid": 32390480, "title": "Informal carers in severe mental health conditions: Issues raised by the United Kingdom SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Soc Psychiatry", "authors": ["Onwumere, Juliana"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390480", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502640, "pmcid": "PMC7266602", "title": "Optimising effectiveness of health care and value of clinical trials in the COVID -19 outbreak.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Filippis, Giuseppe De"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502640", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373783, "pmcid": "PMC7195113", "title": "The Italian war-like measures to fight coronavirus spreading: Re-open closed hospitals now.", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Miani, Alessandro", "Burgio, Ernesto", "Piscitelli, Prisco", "Lauro, Renato", "Colao, Annamaria"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373783", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349931, "pmcid": "PMC7180375", "title": "Re: Silke Gillessen Sommer, Thomas Powles. Advice for Medical Oncology Care of Urological Cancer Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Eur Urol. In press: Is It Always Correct to Continue Androgen Receptor Signaling Inhibitors in the COVID-19 Era?", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Di Lorenzo, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349931", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376098, "pmcid": "PMC7183287", "title": "A multinational report to characterise SARS-CoV-2 infection in people with cystic fibrosis.", "journal": "J Cyst Fibros", "authors": ["Cosgriff, Rebecca", "Ahern, Susannah", "Bell, Scott C", "Brownlee, Keith", "Burgel, Pierre-Regis", "Byrnes, Cass", "Corvol, Harriet", "Cheng, Stephanie Y", "Elbert, Alexander", "Faro, Albert", "Goss, Christopher H", "Gulmans, Vincent", "Marshall, Bruce C", "McKone, Edward", "Middleton, Peter G", "Ruseckaite, Rasa", "Stephenson, Anne L", "Carr, Siobhan B"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376098", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Information is lacking on the clinical impact of the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, on people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Our aim was to characterise SARS-CoV-2 infection in people with cystic fibrosis. Anonymised data submitted by each participating country to their National CF Registry was reported using a standardised template, then collated and summarised. 40 cases have been reported across 8 countries. Of the 40 cases, 31 (78%) were symptomatic for SARS-CoV-2 at presentation, with 24 (60%) having a fever. 70% have recovered, 30% remain unresolved at time of reporting, and no deaths have been submitted. This early report shows good recovery from SARS-CoV-2 in this heterogeneous CF cohort. The disease course does not seem to differ from the general population, but the current numbers are too small to draw firm conclusions and people with CF should continue to strictly follow public health advice to protect themselves from infection."}, {"pmid": 32437699, "pmcid": "PMC7234777", "title": "COVID-19 screening of health-care workers in a London maternity hospital.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Khalil, Asma", "Hill, Robert", "Ladhani, Shamez", "Pattisson, Katherine", "O'Brien, Pat"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437699", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395671, "pmcid": "PMC7211720", "title": "The Impact of COVID-19 on Radiation Oncology Professionals and Cancer Patients: from Trauma to Psychological Growth.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Romeo, Annunziata", "Castelli, Lorys", "Franco, Pierfrancesco"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395671", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449329, "pmcid": "PMC7246183", "title": "Clinical Significance of a High SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in the Saliva.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Yoon, Jin Gu", "Yoon, Jung", "Song, Joon Young", "Yoon, Soo Young", "Lim, Chae Seung", "Seong, Hye", "Noh, Ji Yun", "Cheong, Hee Jin", "Kim, Woo Joo"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449329", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can unknowingly spread the virus to several people during the early subclinical period. We evaluated the viral dynamics in various body fluid specimens, such as nasopharyngeal swab, oropharyngeal swab, saliva, sputum, and urine specimens, of two patients with COVID-19 from hospital day 1 to 9. Additional samples of the saliva were taken at 1 hour, 2 hours, and 4 hours after using a chlorhexidine mouthwash. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral load was determined by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). SARS-CoV-2 was detected from all the five specimens of both patients by rRT-PCR. The viral load was the highest in the nasopharynx (patient 1 = 8.41 log10 copies/mL; patient 2 = 7.49 log10 copies/mL), but it was also remarkably high in the saliva (patient 1 = 6.63 log10 copies/mL; patient 2 = 7.10 log10 copies/mL). SARS-CoV-2 was detected up to hospital day 6 (illness day 9 for patient 2) from the saliva of both patients. The viral load in the saliva decreased transiently for 2 hours after using the chlorhexidine mouthwash. SARS-CoV-2 viral load was consistently high in the saliva; it was relatively higher than that in the oropharynx during the early stage of COVID-19. Chlorhexidine mouthwash was effective in reducing the SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the saliva for a short-term period."}, {"pmid": 32304632, "pmcid": "PMC7159866", "title": "Utility of hyposmia and hypogeusia for the diagnosis of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Benezit, Francois", "Le Turnier, Paul", "Declerck, Charles", "Paille, Cecile", "Revest, Matthieu", "Dubee, Vincent", "Tattevin, Pierre"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304632", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395000, "pmcid": "PMC7211633", "title": "[Cardio-onco-hamatology patients' management in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol", "authors": ["Lorca, Rebeca", "Trivino, Reyes Lopez", "Moris, Cesar"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395000", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416232, "pmcid": "PMC7228698", "title": "A Virtual Children's Hospice in Response to COVID-19: The Scottish Experience.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Ellis, Kirsteen", "Lindley, Lisa C"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416232", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This case report describes a pediatric hospice provider in Scotland and their experience implementing a telehospice program in response to COVID-19. Children's Hospices Across Scotland (CHAS) is the only provider of pediatric hospice care in the entire of Scotland, and we describe their experience offering pediatric telehospice. CHAS had strategically planned to implement a telehospice program, but COVID-19 accelerated the process. The organization evaluated its pediatric clinical and wrap-around hospice services and rapidly migrated them to a virtual environment. They creatively added new services to meet the unique needs of the entire family, who were caring for a child at end of life during COVID-19. CHAS's experience highlights the planning and implementing processes of telehospice with key lessons learned, while acknowledging the challenges inherent in using technology to deliver hospice care."}, {"pmid": 32247325, "pmcid": "PMC7198847", "title": "Monitoring the COVID-19 epidemic in the context of widespread local transmission.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L", "Chaccour, Carlos", "Guinovart, Caterina", "Llupia, Anna", "Brew, Joe", "Trilla, Antoni", "Plasencia, Antoni"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247325", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333849, "pmcid": "PMC7175855", "title": "Acute Type A Aortic Dissection during COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Fukuhara, Shinichi", "Rosati, Carlo Maria", "El-Dalati, Sami"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333849", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of April 7, 2020, approximately 1,300,000 cases and 80,000 deaths related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported in > 180 countries/territories. Healthcare infrastructures and resources, particularly as it relates to the care of the most critically ill patients, are currently being strained globally. In this context, however, there has been little clinical guidance or information regarding life-threatening conditions requiring emergency surgery that cannot be delayed. We herein present a case of acute type A aortic dissection with COVID-19 in order to highlight the clinical implications of a true emergent procedure during the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32439647, "title": "Neuroradiologists and the Novel Coronavirus.", "journal": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Antonucci, M U", "Reagan, J M", "Yazdani, M"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439647", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246966, "pmcid": "PMC7118699", "title": "COVID-19, syphilis, and biologic therapies for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: A word of caution.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Kansal, Naveen Kumar"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246966", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415741, "pmcid": "PMC7267141", "title": "COVID-19 and impact of personal protective equipment use: From occupational to generalized skin care need.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Atzori, Laura", "Ferreli, Caterina", "Atzori, Maria G", "Rongioletti, Franco"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415741", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283580, "title": "Stability and Viability of SARS-CoV-2. Reply.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Judson, Seth D", "van Doremalen, Neeltje", "Munster, Vincent J"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283580", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437623, "title": "Children's Screen Time During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Boundaries and Etiquette.", "journal": "Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw", "authors": ["Wiederhold, Brenda K"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437623", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386438, "pmcid": "PMC7272956", "title": "'Toxic erythema' and eosinophilia associated with tocilizumab therapy in a COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Sernicola, A", "Carnicelli, G", "Di Fraia, M", "Chello, C", "Furlan, C", "Muharremi, R", "Paolino, G", "Grieco, T"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386438", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442082, "title": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is penetrating to dementia research.", "journal": "Curr Neurovasc Res", "authors": ["Bostanciklioglu, Mehmet"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442082", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "1. Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was first reported in Wuhan, China, in late December, 2019. Despite the tremendous efforts to control the disease, SARS-CoV-2 has infected 1,5 million people and caused the death of more than a hundred thousand people across the globe as of writing. Recently, Mao et al. [1] investigated the penetration potential of SARS-CoV-2 into the central nervous system in 214 patients. They reported that 36.4% of the patients had some neurologic findings which are ranged from nonspecific manifestations, e.g., dizziness, headache, and seizure, to specific manifestations, e.g., loss of sense of smell or taste, and stroke. Whether these common symptoms in their patients are related to SARS-CoV-2 infection is not known. However, it is important to mention here that dramatic neurologic symptoms, i.e., depressed level of consciousness, seizure, and stroke, are common in the patients at the late stage of the disease, accounting for increased mortality rate in severely affected patients. Nevertheless, to objectively delve into the direct relation between the neurologic symptoms and COVID-19, medical comorbidities of patients should also be considered [2]. Further studies are needed because we are in the midst of an ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, and neurologists may be confronted with new-onset neurologic symptoms owing to COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 penetrates via human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor (ACE-2) that was also utilized by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS CoV) [3]. Glial cells and neurons have been reported to express ACE-2 receptors, which make them a potential target of COVID-19. It was indicated that SARS CoV causes neuronal death by invading the brain via olfactory epithelium [4]. The electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and real-time reverse transcription- PCR findings have corroborated the presence of SARS-CoV in the brain tissue [4] and cerebrospinal fluid [5]. Together, it can be speculated that SARS-CoV-2 can affect the brain by penetrating the brain via the cribriform plate, which can account for the early findings of the COVID-19 like altered sense of smell or hyposmia. Because SARS-CoV-2 causes severe respiratory symptoms in people aged 60 years and older, it has important implications for patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) [6]. Therefore, in the countries that have taken action to the virus, clinic studies of AD have been stopped to protect the patients. However, rigorous quarantine of elders has aborted clinic trials and experimental studies conducted with transgenic animals. Transgenic models are quite expensive; the loss of these animals has costly consequences. There is no doubt that this storm will stop, but its catastrophic effects on dementia research will continue for a time. Thus, dementia researchers and pharmaceutical companies should determine an emergency action plan to exit the chaos of this pandemic. Here, we listed some challenges in dementia research during the COVID-19 outbreak and table some suggestions. All countries try to control SARS-CoV-2 by social distancing. Therefore, neurology clinics were closed, and routine examination of Alzheimer's patients was stopped. However, the lockdown of patients with AD caused clinical studies to stop. which has severely affected dementia research. Additionally, the arrest of experimental studies due to the closing of universities in two hundred countries also deprives experimental achievements. The closing of universities may lead to data loss, death of expensive transgenic animals, international researchers to be faced with visa problems, and be lost the laboratory staff whose contract has expired [7]. It is impossible that forecasting when this COVID-19 pandemic will end is impossible and thus, it is essential that a solution be developed to continue dementia studies on Alzheimer's patients. Remote monitoring of the patients with the use of technology is in the lead of possible solutions. Clinicians can continue to follow their patients by telemedicine [8], but extended lockdown of patients may cause depression in both patients and their caregivers [9]. It is also known that movement restriction exacerbates AD symptoms [10]. The monitorization of the patient in this condition with telemedicine would not provide objective data. In addition, when patients living in rural areas are considered, it will not be a surprise that reaching equally all patients is impossible. Therefore, a collective action plan protecting dementia research during the COVID-19 outbreak should be prepared by a consortium of pharmaceutical companies, researchers, clinicians, and patients. Data loss is in the lead of expected problems during the COVID-19 outbreak. For example, the planned ending dates of phase 2/3 trials of gantenerumab (Roche) and solanezumab (Lilly) were missed [11]. It is highly essential that patients be monitored from their homes with telemedicine to protect them. Nonetheless, it is not sufficient for the continuation of clinical trials and experimental studies. We suggest that patients of phase trails should be isolated in fully-equipped nursing homes managed by qualified personnel. In this way, the patients can be more effectively protected from SARS-CoV-2 and the depression caused by the lockdown.Young family members going out for basic needs could infect older family members. Also, patients with AD pay less attention to hand hygiene, which makes them more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, cats have recently been shown to be infected by SARS-CoV-2 [12]. Patients with AD may not follow directions of neurologists on telemedicine and thus, the interaction of Alzheimer's patients with pets can cause a dangerous scenario. Consequently, the lockdown of patients with dementia in their homes might not be an appropriate exit strategy for the future of dementia research. On the other hand, it is important to mention here that the nursing home capacity of the United States may not be sufficient for 5,8 million Alzheimer's patients aged 65 years and older [13]. Thus, we highlight that only the patients involved in the clinic trails should be followed in the nursing homes. The other patients can be monitored with telemedicine from their homes. The data will hardly be lost in patients isolated in nursing homes. In this strategy, secondary risk factors affecting the clinic trails like depression are also removed. The motivations of clinicians and researchers is as important as the patients in the catastrophic atmosphere of the outbreak. Governments, media, and funders can support the motivations of clinicians and researchers. For example, research funders and pharmaceutical companies can extend project deadlines and provide an additional promotion to the researchers who have completed their clinic trails. Consequently, a global action plan should be prepared to block SARS-CoV-2 penetration to dementia research. At first glance, it may be thought that the most appropriate strategy for patients with dementia is social isolation in their homes during the outbreak as in healthy young people and elders. However, we suggest that isolating patients with dementia in fully-equipped nursing homes can be a more appropriate exit strategy for the protection of dementia patients and research."}, {"pmid": 32373339, "pmcid": "PMC7182392", "title": "More effective strategies are required to strengthen public awareness of COVID-19: Evidence from Google Trends.", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Hu, Dingtao", "Lou, Xiaoqi", "Xu, Zhiwei", "Meng, Nana", "Xie, Qiaomei", "Zhang, Man", "Zou, Yanfeng", "Liu, Jiatao", "Sun, Guoping", "Wang, Fang"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373339", "countries": ["Canada", "Australia", "China", "Ireland", "United Kingdom", "New Zealand", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed stress on the health and well-being of both Chinese people and the public worldwide. Global public interest in this new issue largely reflects people's attention to COVID-19 and their willingness to take precautionary actions. This study aimed to examine global public awareness of COVID-19 using Google Trends. Using Google Trends, we retrieved public query data for terms of \"2019-nCoV + SARS-CoV-2 + novel coronavirus\u2009+\u2009new coronavirus + COVID-19 + Corona Virus Disease 2019\" between the 31st December 2019 and the 24th February 2020 in six major English-speaking countries, including the USA, the UK, Canada, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand. Dynamic series analysis demonstrates the overall change trend of relative search volume (RSV) for the topic on COVID-19. We compared the top-ranking related queries and sub-regions distribution of RSV about COVID-19 across different countries. The correlation between daily search volumes on the topic related to COVID-19 and the daily number of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 was analyzed. The overall search trend of RSV regarding COVID-19 increased during the early period of observing time and reached the first apex on 31st January 2020. A shorter response time and a longer duration of public attention to COVID-19 was observed in public from the USA, the UK, Australia, and Canada, than that in Ireland and New Zealand. A slightly positive correlation between daily RSV about COVID-19 and the daily number of confirmed cases was observed (P\u2009<\u20090.05). People across countries presented a various interest to the RSV on COVID-19, and public awareness of COVID-19 was different in various sub-regions within countries. The results suggest that public response time to COVID-19 was different across countries, and the overall duration of public attention was short. The current study reminds us that governments should strengthen the publicity of COVID-19 nationally, strengthen the public's vigilance and sensitivity to COVID-19, inform public the importance of protecting themselves with enough precautionary measures, and finally control the spread of COVID-19 globally."}, {"pmid": 32467245, "title": "Susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 in patients treated with bDMARDS and tsDMARDs: a population-based study.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Salvarani, Carlo", "Bajocchi, Gianluigi", "Mancuso, Pamela", "Galli, Elena", "Muratore, Francesco", "Boiardi, Luigi", "Catanoso, Mariagrazia", "Pipitone, Nicolo", "Cassone, Giulia", "Girolimetto, Nicolo", "Croci, Stefania", "Cimino, Luca", "Gradellini, Federeica", "Beltrami, Marina", "Di Lernia, Vito", "Dolci, Giovammi", "Massari, Marco", "Marata, Anna Maria", "Costantini, Massimo", "Giorgi Rossi, Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467245", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418065, "pmcid": "PMC7229432", "title": "Added value of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in a SARS-CoV-2-infected complex case with persistent fever.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Kamani, Christel H", "Jreige, Mario", "Pappon, Martin", "Fischbacher, Arnaud", "Borens, Olivier", "Monney, Pierre", "Nicod Lalonde, Marie", "Schaefer, Niklaus", "Prior, John O"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418065", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32192578, "pmcid": "PMC7270045", "title": "COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Mehta, Puja", "McAuley, Daniel F", "Brown, Michael", "Sanchez, Emilie", "Tattersall, Rachel S", "Manson, Jessica J"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192578", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32105304, "pmcid": "PMC7047852", "title": "Positive RT-PCR Test Results in Patients Recovered From COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Lan, Lan", "Xu, Dan", "Ye, Guangming", "Xia, Chen", "Wang, Shaokang", "Li, Yirong", "Xu, Haibo"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32105304", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311493, "pmcid": "PMC7165085", "title": "The second worldwide wave of interest in coronavirus since the COVID-19 outbreaks in South Korea, Italy and Iran: A Google Trends study.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Strzelecki, Artur"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311493", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of", "Italy", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369433, "title": "\"We're Not Ready, But I Don't Think You're Ever Ready.\" Clinician Perspectives on Implementation of Crisis Standards of Care.", "journal": "AJOB Empir Bioeth", "authors": ["Chuang, Elizabeth", "Cuartas, Pablo A", "Powell, Tia", "Gong, Michelle Ng"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369433", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted health care systems' vulnerabilities. Hospitals face increasing risk of periods of scarcity of life-sustaining resources such as ventilators for mechanical respiratory support, as has been the case in Italy as of March, 2020. The National Academy of Medicine has provided guidance on crisis standards of care, which call for the reallocation of scarce medical resources to those who will benefit most during extreme situations. Given that this will require a departure from the usual fiduciary duty of the bedside clinician, we determined and mapped potential barriers to the implementation of the guidelines from stakeholders using an implementation science framework. Methods: A protocol was created to operationalize national and state guidelines for triaging ventilators during crisis conditions. Focus groups and key informant interviews were conducted from July-September 2018 with clinicians at three acute care hospitals of an urban academic medical center. Respiratory therapists, intensivists, nursing leadership and the palliative care interdisciplinary team participated in focus groups. Key informant interviews were conducted with emergency management, respiratory therapy and emergency medicine. Subjects were presented the protocol and their reflections were elicited using a semi-structured interview guide. Data from transcripts and notes were categorized using a coding strategy based on the Theoretical Domains Framework. Results: Participants anticipated that implementing this protocol would challenge their roles and identities as clinicians including both their fiduciary duty to the patient and their decision-making autonomy. Despite this, many participants acknowledged the need for such a protocol to standardize care and minimize bias as well as to mitigate potential consequences for individual clinicians. Participants identified the question of considering patient quality of life in triage decisions as an important and unresolved ethical issue in disaster triage. Conclusion: Clinicians' discomfort with shifting roles and obligations could pose implementation barriers for crisis standards of care."}, {"pmid": 32335579, "pmcid": "PMC7199435", "title": "Comparison of Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anxiety and Depression Among People Affected by versus People Unaffected by Quarantine During the COVID-19 Epidemic in Southwestern China.", "journal": "Med Sci Monit", "authors": ["Lei, Lei", "Huang, Xiaoming", "Zhang, Shuai", "Yang, Jinrong", "Yang, Lin", "Xu, Min"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335579", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BACKGROUND At the end of 2019, the COVID-19 outbreak began in Wuhan, Hubei, China, and spread rapidly to the whole country within 1 month. This new epidemic caused a great mental reaction among the public. This study aimed to assess and compare the prevalence and associated factors of anxiety and depression among the public affected by quarantine and those unaffected during the COVID-19 outbreak in southwestern China in early Feb. 2020. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data were collected using the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and the self-rating depression scale (SDS) administered to 1593 respondents aged 18 years and above. The respondents were grouped as 'affected group' and 'unaffected group' on the basis of whether they or their families/colleagues/classmates/neighbors had been quarantined. RESULTS Among 1593 participants, the prevalence of anxiety and depression was approximately 8.3% and 14.6%, respectively, and the prevalence in the affected group (12.9%, 22.4%) was significantly higher than that in the unaffected group (6.7%, 11.9%). Lower average household income, lower education level, having a higher self-evaluated level of knowledge, being more worried about being infected, having no psychological support, greater property damage, and lower self-perceived health condition were significant associated with higher scores on the SAS and SDS. People living in Chongqing had higher SAS and SDS scores than those living in Yunnan Province. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of anxiety and depression of the affected group are higher than in the unaffected group during the COVID-19 outbreak in southwestern China in early Feb. 2020. The government should focus more on providing economic and medical support to improve the general population's mental state."}, {"pmid": 32319103, "pmcid": "PMC7264514", "title": "The role of occupational dermatology in the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Contact Dermatitis", "authors": ["Patruno, Cataldo", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella", "Stingeni, Luca", "Napolitano, Maddalena"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319103", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240764, "pmcid": "PMC7118532", "title": "Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Kang, Lijun", "Ma, Simeng", "Chen, Min", "Yang, Jun", "Wang, Ying", "Li, Ruiting", "Yao, Lihua", "Bai, Hanping", "Cai, Zhongxiang", "Xiang Yang, Bing", "Hu, Shaohua", "Zhang, Kerang", "Wang, Gaohua", "Ma, Ci", "Liu, Zhongchun"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240764", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe 2019 outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which was first reported in Wuhan, would be expected to impact the mental health of local medical and nursing staff and thus lead them to seek help. However, those outcomes have yet to be established using epidemiological data. To explore the mental health status of medical and nursing staff and the efficacy, or lack thereof, of critically connecting psychological needs to receiving psychological care, we conducted a quantitative study. This is the first paper on the mental health of medical and nursing staff in Wuhan. Notably, among 994 medical and nursing staff working in Wuhan, 36.9% had subthreshold mental health disturbances (mean PHQ-9: 2.4), 34.4% had mild disturbances (mean PHQ-9: 5.4), 22.4% had moderate disturbances (mean PHQ-9: 9.0), and 6.2% had severe disturbance (mean PHQ-9: 15.1) in the immediate wake of the viral epidemic. The noted burden fell particularly heavily on young women. Of all participants, 36.3% had accessed psychological materials (such as books on mental health), 50.4% had accessed psychological resources available through media (such as online push messages on mental health self-help coping methods), and 17.5% had participated in counseling or psychotherapy. Trends in levels of psychological distress and factors such as exposure to infected people and psychological assistance were identified. Although staff accessed limited mental healthcare services, distressed staff nonetheless saw these services as important resources to alleviate acute mental health disturbances and improve their physical health perceptions. These findings emphasize the importance of being prepared to support frontline workers through mental health interventions at times of widespread crisis."}, {"pmid": 32510142, "title": "alpha-glucosidase inhibitors as host-directed antiviral agents with potential for the treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Biochem Soc Trans", "authors": ["Williams, Spencer J", "Goddard-Borger, Ethan D"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510142", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has pushed the health systems of many countries to breaking point and precipitated social distancing measures that have crippled economic activities across the globe. A return to normality is unlikely until effective therapeutics and a vaccine are available. The immediacy of this problem suggests that drug strategies should focus on repurposing approved drugs or late-stage clinical candidates, as these have the shortest path to use in the clinic. Here, we review and discuss the role of host cell N-glycosylation pathways to virus replication and the drugs available to disrupt these pathways. In particular, we make a case for evaluation of the well-tolerated drugs miglitol, celgosivir and especially miglustat for the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32425660, "pmcid": "PMC7228872", "title": "A combined oropharyngeal/nares swab is a suitable alternative to nasopharyngeal swabs for the detection of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["LeBlanc, Jason J", "Heinstein, Charles", "MacDonald, Jimmy", "Pettipas, Janice", "Hatchette, Todd F", "Patriquin, Glenn"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425660", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given the global shortage of nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs typically used for respiratory virus detection, alternative collection methods were evaluated during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study showed that a combined oropharyngeal/nares swab is a suitable alternative to NP swabs for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, with sensitivities of 91.7% and 94.4%, respectively."}, {"pmid": 32507883, "title": "Covid-19: the renin-angiotensin system imbalance hypothesis.", "journal": "Clin Sci (Lond)", "authors": ["Lanza, Katharina", "Perez, Lucas G", "Costa, Larissa B", "Cordeiro, Thiago M", "Palmeira, Vitria A", "Ribeiro, Victor T", "Simoes E Silva, Ana Cristina"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507883", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergency of SARS-CoV-2 in China started a novel challenge to the scientific community. As the virus turns pandemic, scientists try to map the cellular mechanisms and pathways of SARS-CoV-2 related to the pathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). After transmembrane angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been found to be SARS-CoV-2 receptor, we hypothesized an immune-hematological mechanism for Covid-19 based on renin-angiotensin system (RAS) imbalance to explain clinical, laboratory and imaging findings on disease course. We believe that exaggerated activation of ACE/Angiotensin II (Ang II)/Angiotensin Type 1 (AT1) receptor RAS axis in line with reduction of ACE2/Angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptor may exert a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Covid-19. In this perspective, we discuss potential mechanisms and evidence on this hypothesis."}, {"pmid": 32533432, "title": "COVID-19 and Asian American Pacific Islanders.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Hu, Jiun-Ruey", "Wang, Margaret", "Lu, Francis"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533432", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32205660, "pmcid": "PMC7141583", "title": "Novel Coronavirus and Orthopaedic Surgery: Early Experiences from Singapore.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Chang Liang, Zhen", "Wang, Wilson", "Murphy, Diarmuid", "Po Hui, James Hoi"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205660", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32113198, "title": "[Fitting and forecasting the trend of COVID-19 by SEIR(+CAQ) dynamic model].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wei, Y Y", "Lu, Z Z", "Du, Z C", "Zhang, Z J", "Zhao, Y", "Shen, S P", "Wang, B", "Hao, Y T", "Chen, F"], "date": "2020-03-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32113198", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objectives: Fitting and forecasting the trend of COVID-19 epidemics. Methods: Based on SEIR dynamic model, considering the COVID-19 transmission mechanism, infection spectrum and prevention and control procedures, we developed SEIR(+CAQ) dynamic model to fit the frequencies of laboratory confirmed cases obtained from the government official websites. The data from January 20, 2020 to February 7, 2020 were used to fit the model, while the left data between February 8-12 were used to evaluate the quality of forecasting. Results: According to the cumulative number of confirmed cases between January 29 to February 7, the fitting bias of SEIR(+CAQ) model for overall China (except for cases of Hubei province), Hubei province (except for cases of Wuhan city) and Wuhan city was less than 5%. For the data of subsequent 5 days between February 8 to 12, which were not included in the model fitting, the prediction biases were less than 10%. Regardless of the cases diagnosed by clinical examines, the numbers of daily emerging cases of China (Hubei province not included), Hubei Province (Wuhan city not included) and Wuhan city reached the peak in the early February. Under the current strength of prevention and control, the total number of laboratory-confirmed cases in overall China will reach 80 417 till February 29, 2020, respectively. Conclusions: The proposed SEIR(+CAQ) dynamic model fits and forecasts the trend of novel coronavirus pneumonia well and provides evidence for decision making."}, {"pmid": 32307653, "pmcid": "PMC7167302", "title": "CD147 as a Target for COVID-19 Treatment: Suggested Effects of Azithromycin and Stem Cell Engagement.", "journal": "Stem Cell Rev Rep", "authors": ["Ulrich, Henning", "Pillat, Micheli M"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307653", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The expressive number of deaths and confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 call for an urgent demand of effective and available drugs for COVID-19 treatment. CD147, a receptor on host cells, is a novel route for SARS-CoV-2 invasion. Thus, drugs that interfere in the spike protein/CD147 interaction or CD147 expression may inhibit viral invasion and dissemination among other cells, including in progenitor/stem cells. Studies suggest beneficial effects of azithromycin in reducing viral load of hospitalized patients, possibly interfering with ligand/CD147 receptor interactions; however, its possible effects on SARS-CoV-2 invasion has not yet been evaluated. In addition to the possible effect in invasion, azithromycin decreases the expression of some metalloproteinases (downstream to CD147), induces anti-viral responses in primary human bronchial epithelial infected with rhinovirus, decreasing viral replication and release. Moreover, resident lung progenitor/stem are extensively differentiated into myofibroblasts during pulmonary fibrosis, a complication observed in COVID-19 patients. This process, and the possible direct viral invasion of progenitor/stem cells via CD147 or ACE2, could result in the decline of these cellular stocks and failing lung repair. Clinical tests with allogeneic MSCs from healthy individuals are underway to enhance endogenous lung repair and suppress inflammation."}, {"pmid": 32305286, "pmcid": "PMC7161520", "title": "Adult cardiac surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Tiered Patient Triage Guidance Statement.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Haft, Jonathan W", "Atluri, Pavan", "Alawadi, Gorav", "Engelman, Daniel", "Grant, Michael C", "Hassan, Ansar", "Legare, Jean-Francois", "Whitman, Glenn", "Arora, Rakesh C"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305286", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the setting of the current novel coronavirus pandemic, this document has been generated to provide guiding statements for the adult cardiac surgeon to consider in a rapidly evolving national landscape. Acknowledging the risk for a potentially prolonged need for cardiac surgery procedure deferral, the authors have created this proposed template for physicians and interdisciplinary teams to consider in protecting their patients, institution and their highly specialized cardiac surgery team. In addition, recommendations on the transition from traditional in-person patient assessments and outpatient follow-up are provided. Lastly, we advocate that the cardiac surgeon must continue to serve as leaders, experts, and relevant members of our medical community, shifting our role as necessary in this time of need."}, {"pmid": 32393438, "pmcid": "PMC7217700", "title": "Intelligent classification of platelet aggregates by agonist type.", "journal": "Elife", "authors": ["Zhou, Yuqi", "Yasumoto, Atsushi", "Lei, Cheng", "Huang, Chun-Jung", "Kobayashi, Hirofumi", "Wu, Yunzhao", "Yan, Sheng", "Sun, Chia-Wei", "Yatomi, Yutaka", "Goda, Keisuke"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393438", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Platelets are anucleate cells in blood whose principal function is to stop bleeding by forming aggregates for hemostatic reactions. In addition to their participation in physiological hemostasis, platelet aggregates are also involved in pathological thrombosis and play an important role in inflammation, atherosclerosis, and cancer metastasis. The aggregation of platelets is elicited by various agonists, but these platelet aggregates have long been considered indistinguishable and impossible to classify. Here we present an intelligent method for classifying them by agonist type. It is based on a convolutional neural network trained by high-throughput imaging flow cytometry of blood cells to identify and differentiate subtle yet appreciable morphological features of platelet aggregates activated by different types of agonists. The method is a powerful tool for studying the underlying mechanism of platelet aggregation and is expected to open a window on an entirely new class of clinical diagnostics, pharmacometrics, and therapeutics."}, {"pmid": 32400049, "pmcid": "PMC7272920", "title": "Invasive strategy for COVID patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome: The first multicenter Italian experience.", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Secco, Gioel Gabrio", "Tarantini, Giuseppe", "Mazzarotto, Pietro", "Garbo, Roberto", "Parisi, Rosario", "Maggio, Silvia", "Vercellino, Matteo", "Pistis, Gianfranco", "Audo, Andrea", "Kozel, Daniela", "Centini, Giacomo", "Di Mario, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400049", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To report our initial experience of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)/acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients undergoing standard of care invasive management. The rapid diffusion of the SARS-CoV-2 together with the need for isolation for infected patients might be responsible for a suboptimal treatment for SARS-CoV-2 ACS patients. Recently, the group of Sichuan published a protocol for COVID/ACS infected patients that see the thrombolysis as the gold standard of care. We enrolled 31 consecutive patients affected by SARS-COV-2 admitted to our emergencies room for suspected ACS. All patients underwent urgent coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) when required except two patients with severe hypoxemia and unstable hemodynamic condition that were conservatively treated. Twenty-one cases presented diffuse ST-segment depression while in the remaining cases anterior and inferior ST-elevation was present in four and six cases, respectively. PCI was performed in all cases expect two that were diagnosed as suspected myocarditis because of the absence of severe coronary disease and three with apical ballooning at ventriculography diagnostic for Tako-Tsubo syndromes. Two patients conservatively treated died. The remaining patients undergoing PCI survived except one that required endotracheal intubation (ETI) and died at Day 6. ETI was required in five more patients while in the remaining cases CPAP was used for respiratory support. Urgent PCI for ACS is often required in SARS-CoV-2 patients improving the prognosis in all but the most advanced patients. Complete patient history and examination, routine ECG monitoring, echocardiography, and careful evaluation of changes in cardiac enzymes should be part of the regular assessment procedures also in dedicated COVID positive units."}, {"pmid": 32371939, "pmcid": "PMC7198984", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on spinal pathology: single center first impression.", "journal": "Spinal Cord", "authors": ["Agosti, Edoardo", "Giorgianni, Andrea", "Locatelli, Davide"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371939", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447307, "title": "Redeployment in COVID-19: old dogs and new tricks.", "journal": "Emerg Med J", "authors": ["Seah, Kt Matthew"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447307", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238978, "title": "Covid-19: Pandemonium in our time.", "journal": "Geospat Health", "authors": ["Bergquist, Robert", "Rinaldi, Laura"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238978", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While pandemonium has come to mean wild and noisy disorder, the reference here is to John Milton's epic poem Paradise Lost and the upheaval following Lucifer's banishment from Heaven and his construction of Pand\u00e6monium as his hub. Today's avalanche of conflicting news on how to deal with the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) brings to mind the Trinity nuclear bomb test with Enrico Fermi estimating its strength by releasing small pieces of paper into the air and measuring their displacement by the shock wave. Fermi's result, in fact not far from the true value, emphasised his ability to make good approximations with few or no actual data. The current wave of Covid-19 presents just this kind of situation as it engulfs the world from ground zero in Wuhan, China. Much information is indeed missing, but datasets that might lead to useful ideas on how to handle this pandemic are steadily accumulating."}, {"pmid": 32419887, "pmcid": "PMC7218443", "title": "Management of patients with COVID-19 in radiology departments, and indications regarding imaging studies - recommendations of the Polish Medical Society of Radiology.", "journal": "Pol J Radiol", "authors": ["Cieszanowski, Andrzej", "Czekajska, Elzbieta", "Gizycka, Barbara", "Gruszczynska, Katarzyna", "Podgorska, Joanna", "Oronowicz-Jaskowiak, Agnieszka", "Serafin, Zbigniew", "Szurowska, Edyta", "Walecki, Jerzy M"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419887", "countries": ["Poland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic involving COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, due to its severe symptoms and high transmission rate, has gone on to pose a control challenge for healthcare systems all around the world. We present the second version of the Recommendations of the Polish Medical Society of Radiology, presuming that our knowledge on COVID-19 will advance further rapidly, to the extent that further supplementation and modification will prove necessary. These Recommendations involve rules of conduct, procedures, and safety measures that should be introduced in radiology departments, as well as indications for imaging studies."}, {"pmid": 32193037, "pmcid": "PMC7118536", "title": "CT manifestations of coronavirus disease-2019: A retrospective analysis of 73 cases by disease severity.", "journal": "Eur J Radiol", "authors": ["Liu, Kai-Cai", "Xu, Ping", "Lv, Wei-Fu", "Qiu, Xiao-Hui", "Yao, Jin-Long", "Gu, Jin-Feng", "Wei, Wei"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32193037", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To report CT features of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in patients with various disease severity. The CT manifestations and clinical data of 73 patients with COVID-19 were retrospectively collected in 6 hospitals from Jan 21 to Feb 3, 2020. We analyzed the initial and follow-up CT features of patients with disease severity, according to the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of New Coronavirus Pneumonia. Six patients (8%) were diagnosed as mild type pneumonia; these patients had no obvious abnormal CT findings or manifested mild changes of lung infection. All 43 patients (59 %) with common type presented unique or multiple ground-glass opacities (GGO) in the periphery of the lungs, with or without interlobular septal thickening. In the 21 patients (29 %) with severe type, extensive GGO and pulmonary consolidation were found in 16 cases (16/21, 76 %) and 5 cases (24 %), respectively. An extensive \"white lung\", with atelectasis and pleural effusion were found in critical type patients (3, 4%). On the resolutive phase of the disease, CT abnormalities showed complete resolution, or demonstrated residual linear opacities. Different CT features are seen according to disease severity, which can help COVID-19 stratification."}, {"pmid": 32426741, "pmcid": "PMC7188417", "title": "Using the Surviving Sepsis Coronavirus Disease 2019 Guidelines-Anything New Yet?", "journal": "Crit Care Explor", "authors": ["Rimawi, Ramzy H"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426741", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371463, "pmcid": "PMC7229787", "title": "Clinicopathological characteristics of 8697 patients with COVID-19 in China: a meta-analysis.", "journal": "Fam Med Community Health", "authors": ["Zhu, Jieyun", "Zhong, Zhimei", "Ji, Pan", "Li, Hongyuan", "Li, Bocheng", "Pang, Jielong", "Zhang, Jianfeng", "Zhao, Chunling"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371463", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Our study aims to present a summary of the clinicopathological characteristics of patients affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that can be used as a reference for further research and clinical decisions. Studies were included in the meta-analysis if they had cohort, case-control or case series designs and provided sufficient details on clinical symptoms, laboratory outcomes and asymptomatic patients. PubMed, Embase, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Wanfang, China Science and Technology Journal Database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were electronically searched to identify related studies published between 1 January 2020 and 16 March 2020. Three reviewers independently examined the literature, extracted relevant data and assessed the risk of publication bias before including the studies in the meta-analysis. The confirmed cases of COVID-19. A total of 55 unique retrospective studies involving 8697 patients with COVID-19 were identified. Meta-analysis showed that a higher proportion of infected patients were male (53.3%), and the two major symptoms observed were fever (78.4%) and cough (58.3%). Other common symptoms included fatigue (34%), myalgia (21.9%), expectoration (23.7%), anorexia (22.9%), chest tightness (22.9%) and dyspnoea (20.6%). Minor symptoms included nausea and vomiting (6.6%), diarrhoea (8.2%), headache (11.3%), pharyngalgia (11.6%), shivering (15.2%) and rhinorrhea (7.3%). About 5.4% of the patients were asymptomatic. Most patients showed normal leucocyte counts (64.7%) and elevated C reactive protein levels (65.9%). Lymphopaenia was observed in about 47.6% of the infected patients, along with abnormal levels of myocardial enzymes (49.4%) and liver function (26.4%). Other findings included leucopenia (23.5%), elevated D-dimer (20.4%), elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (20.4%), leucocytosis (9.9%), elevated procalcitonin (16.7%) and abnormal renal function (10.9%). The most commonly experienced symptoms of patients with COVID-19 were fever and cough. Myalgia, anorexia, chest tightness and dyspnoea were found in some patients. A relatively small percentage of patients were asymptomatic and could act as carriers of the disease. Most patients showed normal leucocyte counts, elevated levels of C reactive protein and lymphopaenia, confirming the viral origin of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32318324, "pmcid": "PMC7169647", "title": "Depriving Iron Supply to the Virus Represents a Promising Adjuvant Therapeutic Against Viral Survival.", "journal": "Curr Clin Microbiol Rep", "authors": ["Liu, Wei", "Zhang, Shuping", "Nekhai, Sergei", "Liu, Sijin"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318324", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in China is lifting widespread concerns. Thus, therapeutic options are urgently needed, and will be discussed in this review. Iron-containing enzymes are required for viruses most likely including coronaviruses (CoVs) to complete their replication process. Moreover, poor prognosis occurred in the conditions of iron overload for patients upon infections of viruses. Thus, limiting iron represents a promising adjuvant strategy in treating viral infection through oral uptake or venous injection of iron chelators, or through the manipulation of the key iron regulators. For example, treatment with iron chelator deferiprone has been shown to prolong the survival of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. Increasing intracellular iron efflux via increasing iron exporter ferroportin expression also exhibits antiviral effect on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The implications of other metals besides iron are also briefly discussed. For even though we know little about iron regulation in COVID-19 patients thus far, it could be deduced from other viral infections that iron chelation might be an alternative beneficial adjuvant in treating COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32317248, "title": "Covid-19: doctors are warned not to go public about PPE shortages.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Clare"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317248", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416374, "pmcid": "PMC7211635", "title": "Estimation of airborne viral emission: Quanta emission rate of SARS-CoV-2 for infection risk assessment.", "journal": "Environ Int", "authors": ["Buonanno, G", "Stabile, L", "Morawska, L"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416374", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Airborne transmission is a pathway of contagion that is still not sufficiently investigated despite the evidence in the scientific literature of the role it can play in the context of an epidemic. While the medical research area dedicates efforts to find cures and remedies to counteract the effects of a virus, the engineering area is involved in providing risk assessments in indoor environments by simulating the airborne transmission of the virus during an epidemic. To this end, virus air emission data are needed. Unfortunately, this information is usually available only after the outbreak, based on specific reverse engineering cases. In this work, a novel approach to estimate the viral load emitted by a contagious subject on the basis of the viral load in the mouth, the type of respiratory activity (e.g. breathing, speaking, whispering), respiratory physiological parameters (e.g. inhalation rate), and activity level (e.g. resting, standing, light exercise) is proposed. The results showed that high quanta emission rates (>100\u00a0quanta\u00a0h-1) can be reached by an asymptomatic infectious SARS-CoV-2 subject performing vocalization during light activities (i.e. walking slowly) whereas a symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 subject in resting conditions mostly has a low quanta emission rate (<1\u00a0quantum\u00a0h-1). The findings in terms of quanta emission rates were then adopted in infection risk models to demonstrate its application by evaluating the number of people infected by an asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 subject in Italian indoor microenvironments before and after the introduction of virus containment measures. The results obtained from the simulations clearly highlight that a key role is played by proper ventilation in containment of the virus in indoor environments."}, {"pmid": 32381073, "pmcid": "PMC7205374", "title": "A child with household transmitted COVID-19.", "journal": "BMC Infect Dis", "authors": ["Mao, Li-Juan", "Xu, Jian", "Xu, Zhi-Hao", "Xia, Xiao-Ping", "Li, Bin", "He, Jian-Guo", "Zhao, Peng", "Pan, Jian-Wei", "Zhang, Dan", "Su, Yue", "Wang, Yue-Hong", "Yuan, Zhe-Feng"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381073", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although people of all ages are susceptible to the novel coronavirus infection, which is presently named \"Coronavirus Disease 2019\" (COVID-19), there has been relatively few cases reported among children. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children and the differences from adults. We report one pediatric case of COVID-19. A 14-month-old boy was admitted to the hospital with a symptom of fever, and was diagnosed with a mild form of COVID-19. The child's mother and grandmother also tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. However, the lymphocyte counts were normal. The chest computed tomography (CT) revealed scattered ground glass opacities in the right lower lobe close to the pleura and resorption after the treatment. The patient continued to test positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the nasopharyngeal swabs and stool at 17\u2009days after the disappearance of symptoms. The present pediatric case of COVID-19 was acquired through household transmission, and the symptoms were mild. Lymphocyte counts did not significantly decrease. The RNA of SARS-CoV-2 in stool and nasopharyngeal swabs remained positive for an extended period of time after the disappearance of symptoms. This suggests that attention should be given to the potential contagiousness of pediatric COVID-19 cases after clinical recovery."}, {"pmid": 32531422, "title": "Religious tourism and mass religious gatherings - The potential link in the spread of COVID-19. Current perspective and future implications.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Mubarak, Naeem", "Zin, Che Suraya"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531422", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338389, "pmcid": "PMC7267560", "title": "Editorial: Stay safe during this coronavirus crisis.", "journal": "J Oral Pathol Med", "authors": ["Brennan, Peter A"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338389", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482296, "title": "COVID-19: Perspectives from people with diabetes.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482296", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407784, "pmcid": "PMC7213965", "title": "Cardiac and Muscle Injury Might Partially Contribute to Elevated Aminotransferases in COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Xu, Yongxing", "Gu, Jianwen"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407784", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377666, "pmcid": "PMC7239227", "title": "Ageism and COVID-19: What does our society's response say about us?", "journal": "Age Ageing", "authors": ["Fraser, Sarah", "Lagace, Martine", "Bongue, Bienvenu", "Ndeye, Ndatte", "Guyot, Jessica", "Bechard, Lauren", "Garcia, Linda", "Taler, Vanessa", "Adam, Stephane", "Beaulieu, Marie", "Bergeron, Caroline D", "Boudjemadi, Valerian", "Desmette, Donatienne", "Donizzetti, Anna Rosa", "Ethier, Sophie", "Garon, Suzanne", "Gillis, Margaret", "Levasseur, Melanie", "Lortie-Lussier, Monique", "Marier, Patrik", "Robitaille, Annie", "Sawchuk, Kim", "Lafontaine, Constance", "Tougas, Francine"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377666", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The goal of this commentary is to highlight the ageism that has emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic. Over 20 international researchers in the field of aging have contributed to this document. This commentary discusses how older people are misrepresented and undervalued in the current public discourse surrounding the pandemic. It points to issues in documenting the deaths of older adults, the lack of preparation for such a crisis in long term care homes, how some \"protective\" policies can be considered patronizing and how the initial perception of the public was that the virus was really an older adult problem. This commentary also calls attention to important intergenerational solidarity that has occurred during this crisis to ensure support and social-inclusion of older adults, even at a distance. Our hope is that with this commentary we can contribute to the discourse on older adults during this pandemic and diminish the ageist attitudes that have circulated."}, {"pmid": 32268644, "title": "[Transmission routes of 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yang, C", "Ma, Q Y", "Zheng, Y H", "Yang, Y X"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268644", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019, it has demonstrated China's ability to identify unknown pathogens. At present, reports showed that the main transmission routes are respiratory droplets and indirect contact, other vertical transmission routes have yet to be confirmed. This review discusses the possible transmission routes of 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), based on currently research, the main transmission routes are respiratory droplets and indirect contact, fecal-oral might bepossible, while aerosol, tear (conjunctival) and mother-to-fetus still have yet to be confirmed, providing a reference basis for 2019-nCoV prevention and control and public protection."}, {"pmid": 32526026, "title": "Hypersegmented granulocytes and COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Blood", "authors": ["Salib, Christian", "Teruya-Feldstein, Julie"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526026", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374419, "pmcid": "PMC7267508", "title": "Pulmonary Pathology of Early Phase COVID-19 Pneumonia in a Patient with a Benign Lung Lesion.", "journal": "Histopathology", "authors": ["Zeng, Zhi", "Xu, Li", "Xie, Xiao-Yu", "Yan, Hong-Lin", "Xie, Bao-Jun", "Xu, Wan-Zhou", "Liu, Xin-An", "Kang, Gan-Jun", "Jiang, Wan-Li", "Yuan, Jing-Ping"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374419", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An ongoing outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) diseases (COVID-19) has been spreading in multiple countries. One of the reasons for the rapid spread is that the virus can be transmitted from infected individuals without symptoms. Revealing the pathological features of early phase COVID-19 pneumonia is important to the understanding of its pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to explore pulmonary pathology of early phase COVID-19 pneumonia in a patient with a benign lung lesion. We analyzed the pathological changes of lung tissue from a 55-year-old female patient with early phase SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this case, right lower lobectomy was performed for a benign pulmonary nodule. Detailed clinical, laboratory and radiological data were also described. This case was confirmed to have preoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection by real-time RT-PCR and RNA in situ hybridization on surgically removed lung tissues. Histologically, COVID-19 pneumonia was characterized by exudative inflammation. The closer to the visceral pleura, the more severe the exudation of monocytes and lymphocytes. Perivascular inflammatory infiltration, intraalveolar multinucleated giant cells, pneumocyte hyperplasia and intracytoplasmic viral-like inclusion bodies were seen. However, fibrinous exudate and hyaline membrane formation, which were typical pulmonary features of SARS pneumonia, were not evident in this case. Immunohistochemical staining results showed that an abnormal accumulation of CD4+ helper T lymphocytes and CD163+ M2 macrophages in the lung tissue. The results highlighted the pulmonary pathological changes of early phase SARS-CoV-2 infection and suggested a role of immune dysfunction in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32333619, "pmcid": "PMC7267296", "title": "Topical preparations to reduce SARS-CoV-2 aerosolization in head and neck mucosal surgery.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Parhar, Harman S", "Tasche, Kendall", "Brody, Robert M", "Weinstein, Gregory S", "O'Malley, Bert W Jr", "Shanti, Rabie M", "Newman, Jason G"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333619", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has put health care workers at risk when exposed to aerosolized viral particles during upper airway mucosal surgery. The objective of this review was to discuss topical preparations that could be utilized preoperatively to help to decrease viral load and potentially reduce the risks of viral transmission. A PubMed/MEDLINE database review of articles was performed querying topical preparations with virucidal activity against coronaviruses. Povidone-iodine (PVP-I) solutions ranging from 0.23% to 7% have been found to demonstrate highly effective virucidal activity against a broad range of viruses including several coronaviruses responsible for recent epidemics including SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. While specific evidence regarding SARS-CoV-2 is lacking, PVP-I-based preparations have been successfully demonstrated to reduce viral loads of coronaviruses. They are relatively safe to use in the upper airway and may reduce risk of SARS-CoV-2 aerosolization during upper airway mucosal surgery."}, {"pmid": 32268984, "pmcid": "PMC7138179", "title": "Chinese Society of Anesthesiology Expert Consensus on Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgical Patients With Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["He, Yi", "Wei, Jinfeng", "Bian, Jinjun", "Guo, Kefang", "Lu, Jiakai", "Mei, Wei", "Ma, Jun", "Xia, Zhongyuan", "Xu, Meiying", "Yan, Fuxia", "Yu, Chunhua", "Wang, E", "Wang, Weijian", "Zeng, Ni", "Wang, Sheng", "Xu, Junmei", "Huang, Yuguang", "Huang, Jiapeng"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268984", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of a new coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) in China in December 2019 has brought serious challenges to disease prevention and public health. Patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who undergo cardiovascular surgery necessitate extremely high demands from anesthesia personnel, and face high risks of mortality and morbidity. Based on the current understanding of COVID-19 and the clinical characteristics of cardiovascular surgical patients, the authors provide anesthesia management guidelines for cardiovascular surgery along with the prevention and control of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32420955, "title": "Preliminary epidemiological analysis on children and adolescents with novel coronavirus disease (2019-nCoV) in a central area of Calabria region.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Talarico, Valentina", "Nicoletti, Angela", "Sabetta, Lucilla", "Minchella, Pasquale", "Raiola, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420955", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "not available."}, {"pmid": 32312609, "pmcid": "PMC7136880", "title": "Full Spectrum of Cancer Patients in SARS-CoV-2 Infection Still Being Described.", "journal": "Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)", "authors": ["Liang, X", "Yang, C"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312609", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484777, "title": "What can a dentist and dental sleep apnea researcher do under COVID-19 lockdown?", "journal": "J Clin Sleep Med", "authors": ["Tanaka, Yasue", "Almeida, Fernanda R"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484777", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32142928, "pmcid": "PMC7127013", "title": "Clinical and CT imaging features of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zhu, Ying", "Liu, Yang-Li", "Li, Zi-Ping", "Kuang, Jian-Yi", "Li, Xiang-Min", "Yang, You-You", "Feng, Shi-Ting"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32142928", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32132196, "pmcid": "PMC7180250", "title": "Improved Molecular Diagnosis of COVID-19 by the Novel, Highly Sensitive and Specific COVID-19-RdRp/Hel Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay Validated In Vitro and with Clinical Specimens.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo", "Yip, Cyril Chik-Yan", "To, Kelvin Kai-Wang", "Tang, Tommy Hing-Cheung", "Wong, Sally Cheuk-Ying", "Leung, Kit-Hang", "Fung, Agnes Yim-Fong", "Ng, Anthony Chin-Ki", "Zou, Zijiao", "Tsoi, Hoi-Wah", "Choi, Garnet Kwan-Yue", "Tam, Anthony Raymond", "Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung", "Chan, Kwok-Hung", "Tsang, Owen Tak-Yin", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32132196", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 31 December 2019, the World Health Organization was informed of a cluster of cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China. Subsequent investigations identified a novel coronavirus, now named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), from the affected patients. Highly sensitive and specific laboratory diagnostics are important for controlling the rapidly evolving SARS-CoV-2-associated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. In this study, we developed and compared the performance of three novel real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assays targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)/helicase (Hel), spike (S), and nucleocapsid (N) genes of SARS-CoV-2 with that of the reported RdRp-P2 assay, which is used in >30 European laboratories. Among the three novel assays, the COVID-19-RdRp/Hel assay had the lowest limit of detection in vitro (1.8 50% tissue culture infective doses [TCID50]/ml with genomic RNA and 11.2 RNA copies/reaction with in vitro RNA transcripts). Among 273 specimens from 15 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in Hong Kong, 77 (28.2%) were positive by both the COVID-19-RdRp/Hel and RdRp-P2 assays. The COVID-19-RdRp/Hel assay was positive for an additional 42 RdRp-P2-negative specimens (119/273 [43.6%] versus 77/273 [28.2%]; P < 0.001), including 29/120 (24.2%) respiratory tract specimens and 13/153 (8.5%) non-respiratory tract specimens. The mean viral load of these specimens was 3.21\u2009\u00d7\u2009104 RNA copies/ml (range, 2.21\u2009\u00d7\u2009102 to 4.71\u2009\u00d7\u2009105 RNA copies/ml). The COVID-19-RdRp/Hel assay did not cross-react with other human-pathogenic coronaviruses and respiratory pathogens in cell culture and clinical specimens, whereas the RdRp-P2 assay cross-reacted with SARS-CoV in cell culture. The highly sensitive and specific COVID-19-RdRp/Hel assay may help to improve the laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32531195, "title": "Transforming ambulatory heart failure care in the COVID-19 era: initial experience from a heart failure disease management clinic.", "journal": "J Card Fail", "authors": ["Umapathi, Priya", "Cuomo, Kimberly", "Riley, Sarah", "Hubbard, Abby", "Menzel, Kathryn", "Sauer, Erica", "Gilotra, Nisha A"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531195", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479758, "pmcid": "PMC7256507", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Testing - Questions to be asked.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Ozcurumez, Mustafa K", "Ambrosch, Andreas", "Frey, Oliver", "Haselmann, Verena", "Holdenrieder, Stefan", "Kiehntopf, Michael", "Neumaier, Michael", "Walter, Michael", "Wenzel, Folker", "Wolfel, Roman", "Renz, Harald"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479758", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 infection and development of COVID-19 disease presents a major healthcare challenge of global dimensions. Laboratory diagnostics of infected patients, and the assessment of immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 virus presents a major cornerstone in handling the pandemic. Currently there is an increase in demand of antibody testing and a large number of tests are already marketed or in the late stage of development. However, the interpretation of test results depends on many variables and factors, including sensitivity, specificity, potential cross-reactivity and cross-protectivity; the diagnostic value of antibodies of different isotypes, the use of antibody testing in identification of acutely ill patients or in epidemiological settings. In this article the recently established COVID-19 Task Force of the German Society for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (DGKL) addresses these issues based on the currently available datasets in this rapidly moving field."}, {"pmid": 32268855, "title": "COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 10 (Reporting week to 23:59 AEST 5 April 2020).", "journal": "Commun Dis Intell (2018)", "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268855", "countries": ["Australia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Confirmed cases in Australia notified up to 5 April 2020: Notifications = 5,805; Deaths = 33. Notifications in Australia remain predominantly among people with recent overseas travel, with some locally-acquired cases being detected. Most locally-acquired cases are able to be linked back to a confirmed case, with a small portion unable to be epidemiologically link. The distribution of overseas-acquired cases to locally acquired cases varies by jurisdiction. Early indications are that reduction in international travel, domestic movement, social distancing measures and public health action are slowing the spread of the disease. Internationally, cases continue to increase, with high rates of increase observed in the European region and the United States of America. The epidemiology differs from country to country depending not only on the disease, but also on differences in case detection, testing and implemented public health measures."}, {"pmid": 32471707, "pmcid": "PMC7205618", "title": "[Suicidal behavior in light of COVID-19 outbreak: Clinical challenges and treatment perspectives].", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Conejero, I", "Berrouiguet, S", "Ducasse, D", "Leboyer, M", "Jardon, V", "Olie, E", "Courtet, P"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471707", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic affected today more than 3,000,000 worldwide, and more than half of humanity has been placed in quarantine. The scientific community and the political authorities fear an epidemic of suicide secondary to this crisis. The aim of this review is to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the dimensions of the suicidal process and its interaction with the various risk factors. We also propose innovative strategies to manage suicidal behavior in the context of pandemic. We carried out a narrative review of international publications dealing with major pandemics (COVID-19, SARS) and their influence on suicidal vulnerability. Many factors are likely to increase the emergence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts during this crisis. Social distancing and quarantine could increase the feeling of disconnection and the perception of social pain in vulnerable individuals. Some populations at high suicidal risk could be further impacted by the current pandemic: the elderly, medical staff and individuals exposed to economic insecurity. Several innovative tools adapted to the constraints of social distancing and quarantine may prevent suicide risk: e-health, VigilanS, buddhist-derived practices and art engagement. This unprecedented crisis may interact with certain dimensions of the suicidal process. However, it is time to innovate. Several suicide prevention tools all have their place in new modes of care and should be tested on a large scale."}, {"pmid": 32525726, "title": "Thoracoscopic Bullectomy for Persistent Air Leak in a 14-Year-Old Child with COVID-19 Bilateral Pulmonary Disease.", "journal": "J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A", "authors": ["Gine, Carlos", "Lain, Ana", "Garcia, Laura", "Lopez, Manuel"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525726", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                        Introduction:\n                     Thoracic surgery in children with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pulmonary disease is rare, as very limited virus-related lung lesions require intervention. However, some patients may suffer from other pulmonary abnormalities that can be worsened by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and they may consequently require lung surgery. COVID-19 affects the indications, surgical procedure, and postsurgical care of these patients. \n                        Background:\n                     We present a case of a 14-year-old girl with COVID-19 pulmonary disease and persistent air leak due to right apical bullae that required resection. Clinical, surgical, and safety implications are discussed. The role of thoracic minimally invasive surgery under COVID-19 conditions is also analyzed. \n                        Materials and Methods:\n                     The thoracoscopic procedure was scheduled earlier than normally expected. The surgery was performed in a COVID-19 reserved theatre with neutral pressure and only the necessary personnel was allowed inside. The use of the required personal protective equipment was supervised by an expert nurse before and after the intervention. \n                        Results:\n                     The surgeons used a three-port technique to resect the bullae with an endostapler and no mechanical pleural abrasion was added to the procedure. Electrocautery and CO2 insufflation were avoided, and a chest drain with a closed-circuit aspiration system was installed before removing the ports. The child was discharged home 3 days later after the removal of the chest drain. \n                        Conclusions:\n                     COVID-19 has an impact on the standard indications, surgical strategies and postoperative care of some conditions requiring intervention. Extra safety measures are needed in the operating room to limit the chance of transmission. Minimally invasive surgery for thoracic surgery remains safe if the current safety guidelines are followed closely."}, {"pmid": 32408041, "pmcid": "PMC7207165", "title": "The dark cloud with a silver lining: Assessing the impact of the SARS COVID-19 pandemic on the global environment.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Lal, Preet", "Kumar, Amit", "Kumar, Shubham", "Kumari, Sheetal", "Saikia, Purabi", "Dayanandan, Arun", "Adhikari, Dibyendu", "Khan, M L"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408041", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2 has caused tremendous suffering and huge economic losses. We hypothesized that extreme measures of partial-to-total shutdown might have influenced the quality of the global environment because of decreased emissions of atmospheric pollutants. We tested this hypothesis using satellite imagery, climatic datasets (temperature, and absolute humidity), and COVID-19 cases available in the public domain. While the majority of the cases were recorded from Western countries, where mortality rates were strongly positively correlated with age, the number of cases in tropical regions was relatively lower than European and North American regions, possibly attributed to faster human-to-human transmission. There was a substantial reduction in the level of nitrogen dioxide (NO2: 0.00002\u00a0mol\u00a0m-2), a low reduction in CO (<0.03\u00a0mol\u00a0m-2), and a low-to-moderate reduction in Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD: ~0.1-0.2) in the major hotspots of COVID-19 outbreak during February-March 2020, which may be attributed to the mass lockdowns. Our study projects an increasing coverage of high COVID-19 hazard at absolute humidity levels ranging from 4 to 9\u00a0g\u00a0m-3 across a large part of the globe during April-July 2020 due to a high prospective meteorological suitability for COVID-19 spread. Our findings suggest that there is ample scope for restoring the global environment from the ill-effects of anthropogenic activities through temporary shutdown measures."}, {"pmid": 32376717, "pmcid": "PMC7239662", "title": "Best interests versus resource allocation: could COVID-19 cloud decision-making for the cognitively impaired?", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Parsons, Jordan A", "Johal, Harleen Kaur"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376717", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is putting the NHS under unprecedented pressure, requiring clinicians to make uncomfortable decisions they would not ordinarily face. These decisions revolve primarily around intensive care and whether a patient should undergo invasive ventilation. Certain vulnerable populations have featured in the media as falling victim to an increasingly utilitarian response to the pandemic-primarily those of advanced years or with serious existing health conditions. Another vulnerable population potentially at risk is those who lack the capacity to make their own care decisions. Owing to the pandemic, there are increased practical and normative challenges to following the requirements of the Mental Capacity Act 2005. Both capacity assessments and best interests decisions may prove more difficult in the current situation. This may create a more paternalistic situation in decisions about the care of the cognitively impaired which is at risk of taking on a utilitarian focus. We look to these issues and consider whether there is a risk of patients who lack capacity to make their own care decisions being short-changed."}, {"pmid": 32405123, "pmcid": "PMC7217788", "title": "Optimizing Care for Atopic Dermatitis Patients During COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Shah, Monica", "Sachdeva, Muskaan", "Alavi, Afsaneh", "Shi, Vivian Y", "Hsiao, Jennifer L"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405123", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32309152, "pmcid": "PMC7163687", "title": "What Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Taught Us so Far? Addressing the Problem from a Hepatologist's Perspective.", "journal": "J Clin Transl Hepatol", "authors": ["Mendez-Sanchez, Nahum", "Valencia-Rodriguez, Alejandro", "Qi, Xingshun", "Yoshida, Eric M", "Romero-Gomez, Manuel", "George, Jacob", "Eslam, Mohammed", "Abenavoli, Ludovico", "Xie, Weifen", "Teschke, Rolf", "Carrion, Andres F", "Keaveny, Andrew P"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32309152", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241313, "pmcid": "PMC7163191", "title": "COVID-19 among medical personnel in the operating room.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Sookaromdee, Pathum", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241313", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387581, "pmcid": "PMC7199722", "title": "EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Chang, Hsu-Liang", "Chen, Yen-Hsu", "Taiwan, Hsin-Chu", "Yang, Chih-Jen"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387581", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32193300, "title": "Coronavirus disruptions reverberate through research.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Servick, Kelly", "Cho, Adrian", "Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer", "Guglielmi, Giorgia"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32193300", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32257773, "pmcid": "PMC7104686", "title": "Coronavirus Disease-19: Summary of 2,370 Contact Investigations of the First 30 Cases in the Republic of Korea.", "journal": "Osong Public Health Res Perspect", "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32257773", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Between January 24th and March 10th, a total of 2,370 individuals had contact with the first 30 cases of COVID-19. There were 13 individuals who contracted COVID-19 resulting in a secondary attack rate of 0.55% (95% CI 0.31-0.96). There were 119 household contacts, of which 9 individuals developed COVID-19 resulting in a secondary attack rate of 7.56% (95% CI 3.7-14.26)."}, {"pmid": 32275643, "pmcid": "PMC7185104", "title": "Predictors for imaging progression on chest CT from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Yang, Zongguo", "Shi, Jia", "He, Zhang", "Lu, Ying", "Xu, Qingnian", "Ye, Chen", "Chen, Shishi", "Tang, Bozong", "Yin, Keshan", "Lu, Yunfei", "Chen, Xiaorong"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275643", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to investigate the potential parameters associated with imaging progression on chest CT from coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) patients. The average age of 273 COVID-19 patients enrolled with imaging progression were older than those without imaging progression (p = 0.006). The white blood cells, platelets, neutrophils and acid glycoprotein were all decreased in imaging progression patients (all p < 0.05), and monocytes were increased (p = 0.025). The parameters including homocysteine, urea, creatinine and serum cystatin C were significantly higher in imaging progression patients (all p < 0.05), while eGFR decreased (p < 0.001). Monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) was significantly higher in imaging progression patients compared to that in imaging progression-free ones (p < 0.001). Logistic models revealed that age, MLR, homocysteine and period from onset to admission were factors for predicting imaging progression on chest CT at first week from COVID-19 patients (all p < 0.05). Age, MLR, homocysteine and period from onset to admission could predict imaging progression on chest CT from COVID-19 patients. The primary outcome was imaging progression on chest CT. Baseline parameters were collected at the first day of admission. Imaging manifestations on chest CT were followed-up at (6\u00b11) days."}, {"pmid": 32451823, "pmcid": "PMC7246965", "title": "Systematic assessment of venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients receiving thromboprophylaxis: incidence and role of D-dimer as predictive factors.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Artifoni, Mathieu", "Danic, Gwenvael", "Gautier, Giovanni", "Gicquel, Pascal", "Boutoille, David", "Raffi, Francois", "Neel, Antoine", "Lecomte, Raphael"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451823", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coagulopathy in COVID-19 is a burning issue and strategies to prevent thromboembolic events are debated and highly heterogeneous. The objective was to determine incidence and risk factors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in COVID-19 inpatients receiving thromboprophylaxis. In this retrospective French cohort study, patients hospitalized in medical wards non-ICU with confirmed COVID-19 and adequate thromboprophylaxis were included. A systematic low limb venous duplex ultrasonography was performed at hospital discharge or earlier if deep venous thrombosis (DVT) was clinically suspected. Chest angio-CT scan was performed when pulmonary embolism (PE) was suspected. Of 71 patients, 16 developed VTE (22.5%) and 7 PE (10%) despite adequate thromboprophylaxis. D-dimers at baseline were significantly higher in patients with DVT (p\u2009<\u20090.001). Demographics, comorbidities, disease manifestations, severity score, and other biological parameters, including inflammatory markers, were similar in patients with and without VTE. The negative predictive value of a baseline D-dimer level\u2009<\u20091.0\u00a0\u00b5g/ml was 90% for VTE and 98% for PE. The positive predictive value for VTE was 44% and 67% for D-dimer level\u2009\u2265\u20091.0\u00a0\u00b5g/ml and\u2009\u2265\u20093\u00a0\u00b5g/ml, respectively. The association between D-dimer level and VTE risk increased by taking into account the latest available D-dimer level prior to venous duplex ultrasonography for the patients with monitoring of D-dimer. Despite thromboprophylaxis, the risk of VTE is high in COVID-19 non-ICU inpatients. Increased D-dimer concentrations of more than 1.0\u00a0\u03bcg/ml predict the risk of venous thromboembolism. D-dimer level-guided aggressive thromboprophylaxis regimens using higher doses of heparin should be evaluated in prospective studies."}, {"pmid": 32172226, "title": "Prominent changes in blood coagulation of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Han, Huan", "Yang, Lan", "Liu, Rui", "Liu, Fang", "Wu, Kai-Lang", "Li, Jie", "Liu, Xing-Hui", "Zhu, Cheng-Liang"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32172226", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background As the number of patients increases, there is a growing understanding of the form of pneumonia sustained by the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which has caused an outbreak in China. Up to now, clinical features and treatment of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 have been reported in detail. However, the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and coagulation has been scarcely addressed. Our aim is to investigate the blood coagulation function of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods In our study, 94 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were admitted in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. We prospectively collect blood coagulation data in these patients and in 40 healthy controls during the same period. Results Antithrombin values in patients were lower than that in the control group (p\u2009<\u20090.001). The values of D-dimer, fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP), and fibrinogen (FIB) in all SARS-CoV-2 cases were substantially higher than those in healthy controls. Moreover, D-dimer and FDP values in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection were higher than those in patients with milder forms. Compared with healthy controls, prothrombin time activity (PT-act) was lower in SARS-CoV-2 patients. Thrombin time in critical SARS-CoV-2 patients was also shorter than that in controls. Conclusions The coagulation function in patients with SARS-CoV-2 is significantly deranged compared with healthy people, but monitoring D-dimer and FDP values may be helpful for the early identification of severe cases."}, {"pmid": 32362922, "pmcid": "PMC7189258", "title": "Myocardial injury is associated with higher mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Geriatr Cardiol", "authors": ["Shao, Meng-Jiao", "Shang, Lu-Xiang", "Luo, Jun-Yi", "Shi, Jia", "Zhao, Yang", "Li, Xiao-Mei", "Yang, Yi-Ning"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362922", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463375, "title": "Has the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak influenced the uptake of a popular smoking cessation app in UK smokers? An interrupted time series analysis.", "journal": "JMIR Mhealth Uhealth", "authors": ["Perski, Olga", "Herbec, Aleksandra", "Shahab, Lion", "Brown, Jamie"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463375", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak may motivate smokers to attempt to stop in greater numbers. However, given the temporary closure of UK stop smoking services and vape shops, smokers attempting to quit may instead seek out mobile health support, such as smartphone apps. We examined, using an interrupted time series approach, whether the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has been associated with a step change or increasing trend in UK downloads of an otherwise popular smoking cessation app, Smoke Free. Data were from daily and nondaily adult smokers in the United Kingdom who had downloaded the Smoke Free app between January 1, 2020, and March 31, 2020 (primary analysis), and January 1, 2019, and March 31, 2020 (secondary analysis). The outcome variable was the number of downloads aggregated at the 12-hourly (primary analysis) or daily level (secondary analysis). The explanatory variable was the start of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, operationalized as March 1, 2020 (primary analysis), and January 15, 2020 (secondary analysis). Generalized additive mixed models adjusted for relevant covariates were fitted. Data were collected on 45,105 (primary analysis) and 119,881 (secondary analysis) users. In both analyses, there was no evidence for a step change or increasing trend in downloads attributable to the start of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Calculation of Bayes factors (BFs) indicated that the data for the primary analysis favored the null hypothesis compared with large associations (for level, BF=0.25; for slope, BF=0.26) but were insensitive to the detection of small associations (for level, BF=0.78; for slope, BF=1.35). In the United Kingdom, between January 1, 2020, and March 31, 2020, and between January 1, 2019, and March 31, 2020, there was no evidence that the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has been associated with a large step change or increasing trend in downloads of a popular smoking cessation app. Findings on the association of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak with a small step change or increasing trend were inconclusive."}, {"pmid": 32345527, "pmcid": "PMC7177104", "title": "Smoking habit and hospitalization for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related pneumonia: The unsolved paradox behind the evidence.", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Garufi, Giovanna", "Carbognin, Luisa", "Orlandi, Armando", "Tortora, Giampaolo", "Bria, Emilio"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345527", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495372, "title": "Terminal complement inhibition dampens the inflammation during COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Kulasekararaj, Austin G", "Lazana, Ioanna", "Large, Joanna", "Posadas, Kristina", "Eagleton, Helen", "Villajin, John Lord", "Zuckerman, Mark", "Gandhi, Shreyans", "Marsh, Judith Cw"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495372", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emerging evidence suggests that activation of the complement system is critical in the pathogenesis of the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19 related lung injury. Inhibition of the terminal complement pathway by targeting complement protein 5 (C5) may be an effective therapeutic intervention in CoV-mediated disease.1 Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare, acquired hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) disease characterized by intravascular haemolysis, increased thromboembolic risk and bone marrow failure.2."}, {"pmid": 32340507, "pmcid": "PMC7241495", "title": "Survival rate in acute kidney injury superimposed COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Ren Fail", "authors": ["Ali, Hatem", "Daoud, Ahmed", "Mohamed, Mahmoud M", "Salim, Sohail Abdul", "Yessayan, Lenar", "Baharani, Jyoti", "Murtaza, Asam", "Rao, Vinaya", "Soliman, Karim M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340507", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32480326, "title": "Are type 1 interferons treatment in Multiple Sclerosis as a potential therapy against COVID-19?", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Gemcioglu, Emin", "Davutoglu, Mehmet", "Ozdemir, Ese Ece", "Erden, Abdulsamet"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480326", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus (COVID-19), (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)) has been spreading worldwide since its first identification in China. It has been speculated that patients with comorbidities and elderly patients could be at high risk for the pandemic reasoned respiratory insufficiency and death. At first, it was thought that the patients who use immunmodulator therapy could be even at higher risks of disease complications. However, it has been also speculated about that using immunmodulators could be an advantage for the clinical prognosis. Therefore, several immunmodulators are currently being tested as potential treatment for COVID-19. In this paper we report on a patient that has been treated with type 1 interferon for multiple sclerosis who developed COVID-19. Despite using immunmodulator, the symptoms of the patient at hospitalization were mild and he did not show elevated D-dimer, and there was no lymphopenia. He was discharged to home-quarantine with no symptoms. This report supports the idea of using type 1 interferon in the treatment could be effective in COVID-19 affected patients."}, {"pmid": 32434402, "title": "Psychological health during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic outbreak.", "journal": "Int J Soc Psychiatry", "authors": ["Mukhtar, Sonia"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434402", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current ongoing pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) has globally affected 213 countries and territories with more than 2.5 million confirmed cases and thousands of casualties. The unpredictable and uncertain COVID-19 outbreak has the potential of adversely affecting the psychological health on individual and community level. Currently all efforts are focused on the understanding of epidemiology, clinical features, mode of transmission, counteract the spread of the virus, and challenges of global health, while crucially significant mental health has been overlooked in this endeavor. This review is to evaluate past outbreaks to understand the extent of adverse effects on psychological health, psychological crisis intervention, and mental health management plans. Published previous and current articles on PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Elsevier about psychological impact of infectious diseases outbreaks and COVID-19 has been considered and reviewed. COVID-19 is leading to intense psychosocial issues and comprising mental health marking a secondary health concern all around the world. Globally implementing preventive and controlling measures, and cultivating coping and resilience are challenging factors; modified lifestyle (lockdown curfew, self-isolation, social distancing and quarantine); conspiracy theories, misinformation and disinformation about the origin, scale, signs, symptoms, transmission, prevention and treatment; global socioeconomic crisis; travel restrictions; workplace hazard control; postponement and cancellation of religious, sports, cultural and entertainment events; panic buying and hoarding; incidents of racism, xenophobia, discrimination, stigma, psychological pressure of productivity, marginalization and violence; overwhelmed medical centers and health organizations, and general impact on education, politics, socioeconomic, culture, environment and climate - are some of the risk factors to aggravate further problems."}, {"pmid": 32343394, "pmcid": "PMC7267336", "title": "Examining Older Adult Cognitive Status in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Hantke, Nathan C", "Gould, Christine"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343394", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380318, "pmcid": "PMC7198409", "title": "Why judiciously timed anti-IL 6 therapy may be of benefit in severe COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Cunningham, Louise", "Kimber, Ian", "Basketter, David Arthur", "McFadden, John Paul"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380318", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275795, "pmcid": "PMC7262092", "title": "Bolstering the surgical response to COVID-19: how virtual technology will save lives and safeguard surgical practice.", "journal": "BJU Int", "authors": ["Karim, Jamila S", "Hachach-Haram, Nadine", "Dasgupta, Prokar"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275795", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396491, "title": "Early Impact of COVID-19 on the Conduct of Oncology Clinical Trials and Long-Term Opportunities for Transformation: Findings From an American Society of Clinical Oncology Survey.", "journal": "JCO Oncol Pract", "authors": ["Waterhouse, David M", "Harvey, R Donald", "Hurley, Patricia", "Levit, Laura A", "Kim, Edward S", "Klepin, Heidi D", "Mileham, Kathryn Finch", "Nowakowski, Grzegorz", "Schenkel, Caroline", "Davis, Courtney", "Bruinooge, Suanna S", "Schilsky, Richard L"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396491", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted all aspects of clinical care, including cancer clinical trials. In March 2020, ASCO launched a survey of clinical programs represented on its Cancer Research Committee and Research Community Forum Steering Group and taskforces to learn about the types of changes and challenges that clinical trial programs were experiencing early in the pandemic. There were 32 survey respondents; 14 represented academic programs, and 18 represented community-based programs. Respondents indicated that COVID-19 is leading programs to halt or prioritize screening and/or enrollment for certain clinical trials and cease research-only visits. Most reported conducting remote patient care where possible and remote visits and monitoring with sponsors and/or contract research organizations (CROs); respondents viewed this shift positively. Numerous challenges with conducting clinical trials were reported, including enrollment and protocol adherence difficulties with decreased patient visits, staffing constraints, and limited availability of ancillary services. Interactions with sponsors and CROs about modifying trial procedures were also challenging. The changes in clinical trial procedures identified by the survey could serve as strategies for other programs attempting to maintain their clinical trial portfolios during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, many of the adaptations to trials made during the pandemic provide a long-term opportunity to improve and transform the clinical trial system. Specific improvements could be expanded use of more pragmatic or streamlined trial designs, fewer clinical trial-related patient visits, and minimized sponsor and CRO visits to trial programs."}, {"pmid": 32398624, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic and its Impact on Craniofacial Surgery.", "journal": "J Craniofac Surg", "authors": ["Andrews, Brian T", "Garg, Ravi", "Przylecki, Wojciech", "Habal, Mutaz"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398624", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late 2019, a novel coronavirus strain, SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), also known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), triggered a global pandemic as the virus spread from the Wuhan Province, China, across all continents. Although infrequent, severe respiratory infection and death caused by SARS-CoV-2 is disproportionately high amongst healthcare providers such as craniofacial surgeons who work in the head and neck region. Factors this impact SARS-CoV-2 transmission include: (1) high viral loads in the mucosa of the oral and nasopharynx, (2) limited and/or imprecise disease screening/confirmation testing, (3) access to and appropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE)."}, {"pmid": 32255436, "pmcid": "PMC7240232", "title": "Challenging Times for Children With Transfusion-dependent Thalassemia Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Yadav, Urmila", "Pal, Rimesh"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255436", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367209, "pmcid": "PMC7197633", "title": "Reply to the Letter to the Editor: Comment on \"COVID-19 infection control protocol inside computed tomography suites\".", "journal": "Jpn J Radiol", "authors": ["Yamashiro, Tsuneo", "Utsunomiya, Daisuke"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367209", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460421, "title": "Hypofractionated radiotherapy in patients with non-melanoma skin cancer in the post COVID-19 era: Time to reconsider its role for most patients.", "journal": "J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Veness, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460421", "countries": ["Australia", "New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277777, "pmcid": "PMC7262306", "title": "Using Telehealth as a Tool for Rural Hospitals in the COVID-19 Pandemic Response.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Gutierrez, Jeydith", "Kuperman, Ethan", "Kaboli, Peter J"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277777", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341947, "pmcid": "PMC7182523", "title": "Masks and thermometers: Paramount measures to stop the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States.", "journal": "Genes Dis", "authors": ["Wu, Erxi", "Qi, Dan"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341947", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the United States, there is currently an exponential growth for the COVID-19 cases. The US president's coronavirus guidelines for Americans \"30 Days to Slow The Spread\" are necessary. To effectively curb the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2, two more control measures masks and thermometers are strongly suggested to be included in the Guidelines."}, {"pmid": 32402389, "pmcid": "PMC7174159", "title": "Maculopapular rash as initial manifestation of SRAS-coronavirus-2 infection.", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Falkenhain Lopez, Daniel", "Sanchez-Velazquez, Alba", "Ortiz de Frutos, Javier"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402389", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381140, "pmcid": "PMC7237387", "title": "The COVID-19 infection control arms race.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Rhee, Chanu", "Baker, Meghan A", "Klompas, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381140", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "US hospitals are engaged in an infection control arms race. Hospitals, specialties, and professional groups are spurring one another on to adopt progressively more aggressive measures in response to COVID-19 that often exceed federal and international standards. Examples include universal masking of providers and patients; decreasing thresholds to test asymptomatic patients; using face shields and N95 respirators regardless of symptoms and test results; novel additions to the list of aerosol-generating procedures; and more comprehensive personal protective equipment including hair, shoe, and leg covers. Here, we review the factors underlying this arms race, including fears about personal safety, ongoing uncertainty around how SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted, confusion about what constitutes an aerosol-generating procedure, increasing recognition of the importance of asymptomatic infection, and the limited accuracy of diagnostic tests. We consider the detrimental effects of a maximal infection control approach and the research studies that are needed to eventually de-escalate hospitals and to inform more evidence-based and measured strategies."}, {"pmid": 32305345, "pmcid": "PMC7161477", "title": "ERCP during the pandemic of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["An, Ping", "Huang, Xu", "Wan, Xinyue", "Xiao, Yong", "Zhang, Jun", "Kang, Jian", "Liu, Jun", "Hu, Dan", "Wang, Yang", "Ren, Haixia", "Chen, Di", "Wang, Xuefen", "Zhou, Zhongyin", "Yu, Honggang"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305345", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269019, "pmcid": "PMC7234265", "title": "Social distancing to combat COVID-19: We are all on the front line.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Patrick, Kirsten", "Stanbrook, Matthew B", "Laupacis, Andreas"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269019", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404671, "title": "Approaching Surgical Triage During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Brindle, Mary E", "Doherty, Gerard", "Lillemoe, Keith", "Gawande, Atul"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404671", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32203360, "title": "What China's coronavirus response can teach the rest of the world.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Cyranoski, David"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203360", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372857, "pmcid": "PMC7194245", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and the risk of infection in multiple sclerosis patients on disease modifying therapies: \"what the bleep do we know?\"", "journal": "Egypt J Neurol Psychiatr Neurosurg", "authors": ["Mansoor, Salman", "Kelly, Siobhan", "Murphy, Kevin", "Waters, Aine", "Siddiqui, Nauman Saleem"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372857", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus which emerged in Wuhan province of China has taken world by surprise. Since been diagnosed in December 2019, it has been termed a \"Pandemic\" and there is a growing concern in physicians across the globe. As new evidence is emerging, there are various preventative strategies which are being deployed. Multiple sclerosis patients who are on disease modifying therapies (DMTs) might be at a higher risk of acquiring or a poorer outcome due to their immune status. This review looks at the available evidence in managing this global crisis."}, {"pmid": 32504748, "title": "Temperature-dependent surface stability of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Kratzel, Annika", "Steiner, Silvio", "Todt, Daniel", "V'kovski, Philip", "Brueggemann, Yannick", "Steinmann, Joerg", "Steinmann, Eike", "Thiel, Volker", "Pfaender, Stephanie"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504748", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276290, "pmcid": "PMC7235510", "title": "COVID-19: A relationship to climate and environmental conditions?", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Kroumpouzos, George", "Gupta, Mrinal", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Lotti, Torello", "Sadoughifar, Roxanna", "Sitkowska, Zuzanna", "Goldust, Mohamad"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276290", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246515, "title": "Ethics and Economic Growth in the Age of COVID-19: What Is a Just Society to Do?", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Hilsenrath, Peter E"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246515", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362365, "pmcid": "PMC7174190", "title": "About the scientific letter 'Suspected acute abdomen as an extrapulmonary manifestation of COVID-19 infection'.", "journal": "Cir Esp", "authors": ["Pardo Aranda, Fernando"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362365", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434253, "title": "[Recommendations for the Treatment of Elderly Patients with COVID-19 from the Taskforce for Gerontopneumology].", "journal": "Pneumologie", "authors": ["Stieglitz, S", "Frohnhofen, H", "Netzer, N", "Haidl, P", "Orth, M", "Schlesinger, A"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434253", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421334, "pmcid": "PMC7241736", "title": "Potential Sensitivity of Wastewater Monitoring for SARS-CoV-2: Comparison with Norovirus Cases.", "journal": "Environ Sci Technol", "authors": ["Hata, Akihiko", "Honda, Ryo"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421334", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456404, "title": "The vaccine journey for COVID-19: a comprehensive systematic review of current clinical trials in humans.", "journal": "Panminerva Med", "authors": ["Checcucci, Enrico", "Piramide, Federico", "Pecoraro, Angela", "Amparore, Daniele", "Campi, Riccardo", "Fiori, Cristian", "Elhage, Oussama", "Kotecha, Pinky", "Vyakarnam, Annapurna", "Serni, Sergio", "Dasgupta, Prokar", "Porpiglia, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456404", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, there has been an outbreak of a novel beta-coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China. On March the 11th the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a pandemic, with over 118,000 cases in more than 110 countries around the world. In response to the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emergency, clinical trial research assessing the efficacy and safety of experimental vaccines to prevent COVID-19 are emerging at an unprecedented rate. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the preliminary experiences and ongoing clinical trials of the major candidates and challenges of the vaccine strategies in humans. After a priori protocol registration with PROSPERO (181483), a systematic research of the published literature was conducted on 24 April 2020 using Medline (via PubMed), Embase (via Ovid), and WHO databases. Moreover, to explore the more recent literature we also searched the preprint server medRxiv. Finally, we scrutinized the Cochrane COVID-19 study register and the COVID-19 section of ClinicalTrials.gov database for identifying relevant ongoing clinical trials. Thereafter we selected the articles according to the PRISMA guidelines. Animal or in-vitro experimental studies were excluded. Moreover editorials, commentaries, abstracts, reviews, book chapters, and articles not in English were not included. Our search identified 1359 published papers, 478 pre-print articles and 367 ongoing clinical trials. Finally, only ten ongoing clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. Specifically, seven developed vaccines for the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 and three clinical trials assessed the protective role of BCG vaccine against COVID-19. The first group included phase I/II trials with different types of molecules (DNA or mRNA vaccine, bacterial plasmid or viral vectors), the latter were phase III/IV trials designed on the basis of a heterologous lymphocyte activation by the BCG vaccine. This new disease is pushing the scientific community to develop swiftly a safe and effective vaccine. Notwithstanding the limitations of our analysis, given by the absence of available results, we try to provide a comprehensive view of the ongoing clinical trials in humans. Our analysis reveals a worldwide effort of both scientists and enterprises to achieve one of the most challenging goals of our century."}, {"pmid": 32525600, "title": "Genetic gateways to COVID-19 infection: Implications for risk, severity, and outcomes.", "journal": "FASEB J", "authors": ["Debnath, Monojit", "Banerjee, Moinak", "Berk, Michael"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525600", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The dynamics, such as transmission, spatial epidemiology, and clinical course of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) have emerged as the most intriguing features and remain incompletely understood. The genetic landscape of an individual in particular, and a population in general seems to play a pivotal role in shaping the above COVID-19 dynamics. Considering the implications of host genes in the entry and replication of SARS-CoV-2 and in mounting the host immune response, it appears that multiple genes might be crucially involved in the above processes. Herein, we propose three potentially important genetic gateways to COVID-19 infection; these could explain at least in part the discrepancies of its spread, severity, and mortality. The variations within Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) gene might constitute the first genetic gateway, influencing the spatial transmission dynamics of COVID-19. The Human Leukocyte Antigen locus, a master regulator of immunity against infection seems to be crucial in influencing susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 and can be the second genetic gateway. The genes regulating Toll-like receptor and complement pathways and subsequently cytokine storm induced exaggerated inflammatory pathways seem to underlie the severity of COVID-19, and such genes might represent the third genetic gateway. Host-pathogen interaction is a complex event and some additional genes might also contribute to the dynamics of COVID-19. Overall, these three genetic gateways proposed here might be the critical host determinants governing the risk, severity, and outcome of COVID-19. Genetic variations within these gateways could be key in influencing geographical discrepancies of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32426200, "pmcid": "PMC7228791", "title": "Encephalopathy as the Sentinel Sign of a Cortical Stroke in a Patient Infected With Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Deliwala, Smit", "Abdulhamid, Sarah", "Abusalih, Mohamed Faisal", "Al-Qasmi, Mohammed M", "Bachuwa, Ghassan"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426200", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus has challenged medical systems worldwide to provide optimal medical care in the setting of limited resources. Although we are uncovering many facets of its disease spectrum, with rapidly emerging data,\u00a0there is still limited knowledge of the sequelae of this infection, making treatment guidelines incomplete and resulting in serious unpredictable outcomes in patients at seemingly low risk, especially ones afflicted by neurological consequences.\u00a0We present a case of a cortical stroke in a 31-year-old coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) positive female with otherwise no stroke risk factors.\u00a0We noted a correlation between cytokine release, encephalopathy, and the onset of stroke symptoms.\u00a0Patients with marked pro-thrombotic and inflammatory markers may benefit from closer neurological monitoring and thromboprophylaxis at therapeutic doses. The establishment of acute care pathways to manage critically ill patients with neurological consequences may reverse the suboptimal outcome trends seen during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32294816, "title": "[Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was used to diagnose two cases of 2019-nCoV infection].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Tan, F R", "Qiu, Y L", "Xu, Z"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294816", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The case reports 2 cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia diagnosed by concurrent bronchoalveolar lavage in our hospital, 1 case had a history of epidemiology, clinical symptoms and high imaging suspicion, but repeated negative throat swabs. One patient was diagnosed 2019-nCoV. Before the patient was discharged, the clinical symptoms disappeared, the chest CT showed significant improvement, and the pharynx swab was twice negative, reaching the discharge standard.We detected the ORF 1ab gene, the N gene and the nucleic acid of the new coronavirus in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid of 2 patients. The results showed that the positive rate of bronchoalveolar lavage for detection of new coronavirus nucleic acid was high, and bronchoalveolar lavage for suspected or confirmed new coronavirus pneumonia patients with negative detection of nucleic acid in pharynx swabs but still residual lung lesions was helpful for early diagnosis, treatment and prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32383418, "pmcid": "PMC7237386", "title": "Implications of social distancing in Brazil in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Dantas, Raquel Cristina Cavalcanti", "de Campos, Paola Amaral", "Rossi, Iara", "Ribas, Rosineide Marques"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383418", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383125, "pmcid": "PMC7205369", "title": "Post-exposure prophylaxis or pre-emptive therapy for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): study protocol for a pragmatic randomized-controlled trial.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Lother, Sylvain A", "Abassi, Mahsa", "Agostinis, Alyssa", "Bangdiwala, Ananta S", "Cheng, Matthew P", "Drobot, Glen", "Engen, Nicole", "Hullsiek, Kathy H", "Kelly, Lauren E", "Lee, Todd C", "Lofgren, Sarah M", "MacKenzie, Lauren J", "Marten, Nicole", "McDonald, Emily G", "Okafor, Elizabeth C", "Pastick, Katelyn A", "Pullen, Matthew F", "Rajasingham, Radha", "Schwartz, Ilan", "Skipper, Caleb P", "Turgeon, Alexis F", "Zarychanski, Ryan", "Boulware, David R"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383125", "countries": ["United States", "Canada"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in December 2019 causing the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Currently, there is a lack of evidence-based therapies to prevent COVID-19 following exposure to the virus, or to prevent worsening of symptoms following confirmed infection. We describe the design of a clinical trial of hydroxychloroquine for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and pre-emptive therapy (PET) for COVID-19. We will conduct two nested multicentre international double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials of hydroxychloroquine for: 1) PEP of asymptomatic household contacts or healthcare workers exposed to COVID-19 within the past four days, and 2) PET for symptomatic outpatients with COVID-19 showing symptoms for less than four days. We will recruit 1,500 patients each for the PEP and PET trials. Participants will be randomized 1:1 to receive five days of hydroxychloroquine or placebo. The primary PEP trial outcome will be the incidence of symptomatic COVID-19. The primary PET trial outcome will be an ordinal scale of disease severity (not hospitalized, hospitalized without intensive care, hospitalization with intensive care, or death). Participant screening, informed consent, and follow-up will be exclusively internet-based with appropriate regulatory and research ethics board approvals in Canada and the United States. These complementary randomized-controlled trials are innovatively designed and adequately powered to rapidly answer urgent questions regarding the effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine to reduce virus transmission and disease severity of COVID-19 during a pandemic. In-person participant follow-up will not be conducted to facilitate social distancing strategies and reduce risks of exposure to study personnel. Innovative trial approaches are needed to urgently assess therapeutic options to mitigate the global impact of this pandemic. clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04308668); registered 16 March, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32405075, "pmcid": "PMC7217770", "title": "Surgical perspectives and patways in an emergency department during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Surg", "authors": ["Alemanno, Giovanni", "Tomaiuolo, Matteo", "Peris, Adriano", "Batacchi, Stefano", "Nozzoli, Carlo", "Prosperi, Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405075", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296135, "pmcid": "PMC7186927", "title": "COVID-19: risk for cytokine targeting in chronic inflammatory diseases?", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Schett, Georg", "Sticherling, Michael", "Neurath, Markus F"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296135", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420710, "title": "Clinical characteristics and short-term outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective single-center experience of a designated hospital in Poland.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Nowak, Blazej", "Szymanski, Piotr", "Pankowski, Igor", "Szarowska, Agnieszka", "Zycinska, Katarzyna", "Rogowski, Wojciech", "Gil, Robert", "Furmanek, Mariusz", "Tatur, Jacek", "Zaczynski, Artur", "Krol, Zbigniew", "Wierzba, Waldemar"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420710", "countries": ["Poland"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first reported case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201119) in Poland, the worldwide pandemic has spread throughout the country, leading to many hospital admissions. There has been an urgent need to determine clinical characteristics of Polish patients with laboratory\u2011confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2011CoV 2) infection in the clinical setting. The aim of this retrospective study was to outline characteristics and short\u2011 term outcomes of SARS\u2011CoV\u20112-positive patients. We retrospectively assessed 169 consecutive patients with laboratory\u2011 confirmed COVID\u2011 19 with regard to their clinical manifestations, radiological findings, treatment, complications, and outcomes. Of the 169 patients, more than half was aged 65 years or older (88; 52.1%), 51.5% were male, and 78.3% had comorbidities. The majority of patients (106; 62.7%) were transferred from outbreak locations in medical facilities. The most common symptoms on admission were fever (42%), shortness of breath (35%), and fatigue (33%). Twenty seven (15.4%) patients required intensive care unit admission. Overall mortality was 26.3% (n = 46) and was significantly higher in patients transferred from other facilities (38 out of 106; 35.8%), than in patients admitted directly to the hospital (8 out of 63; 12.69%; P <0.001). Seventeen out of 29 patients admitted to the intensive care unit died (mortality, 58.6%), including 30 out of 41 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (73.2% mortality rate). Polish patients with COVID\u201119 have similar characteristics and risk factors for adverse outcomes to those observed in countries in which outbreaks occurred earlier. Significantly higher mortality in patients transferred from other centers warrants special attention and transfer policy should be verified."}, {"pmid": 32393566, "pmcid": "PMC7213990", "title": "Physical Distancing With Social Connectedness.", "journal": "Ann Fam Med", "authors": ["Bergman, David", "Bethell, Christina", "Gombojav, Narangerel", "Hassink, Sandra", "Stange, Kurt C"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393566", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In light of concerns over the potential detrimental effects of declining care continuity, and the need for connection between patients and health care providers, our multidisciplinary group considered the possible ways that relationships might be developed in different kinds of health care encounters.We were surprised to discover many avenues to invest in relationships, even in non-continuity consultations, and how meaningful human connections might be developed even in telehealth visits. Opportunities range from the quality of attention or the structure of the time during the visit, to supporting relationship development in how care is organized at the local or system level and in the use of digital encounters. These ways of investing in relationships can exhibit different manifestations and emphases during different kinds of visits, but most are available during all kinds of encounters.Recognizing and supporting the many ways of investing in relationships has great potential to create a positive sea change in a health care system that currently feels fragmented and depersonalized to both patients and health care clinicians.The current COVID-19 pandemic is full of opportunity to use remote communication to develop healing human relationships. What we need in a pandemic is not social distancing, but physical distancing with social connectedness."}, {"pmid": 32215760, "pmcid": "PMC7100484", "title": "Tilorone: a Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Invented in the USA and Commercialized in Russia and beyond.", "journal": "Pharm Res", "authors": ["Ekins, Sean", "Lane, Thomas R", "Madrid, Peter B"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215760", "countries": ["United States", "Germany", "Ukraine", "Russian Federation"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "For the last 50\u00a0years we have known of a broad-spectrum agent tilorone dihydrochloride (Tilorone). This is a small-molecule orally bioavailable drug that was originally discovered in the USA and is currently used clinically as an antiviral in Russia and the Ukraine. Over the years there have been numerous clinical and non-clinical reports of its broad spectrum of antiviral activity. More recently we have identified additional promising antiviral activities against Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, Chikungunya, Ebola and Marburg which highlights that this old drug may have other uses against new viruses. This may in turn inform the types of drugs that we need for virus outbreaks such as for the new coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Tilorone has been long neglected by the west in many respects but it deserves further reassessment in light of current and future needs for broad-spectrum antivirals."}, {"pmid": 32516284, "title": "Remote Rehabilitation Conferences in the Age of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Maeshima, Shinichiro", "Tamiya, Takamichi", "Saeki, Takuma", "Ohkawara, Mai", "Osakabe, Manabu", "Take, Yushiro", "Yamaguchi, Hiroyuki", "Maeda, Takahiro", "Ohkawara, Jun"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516284", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32145188, "pmcid": "PMC7158986", "title": "Outbreak investigation for COVID-19 in northern Vietnam.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Thanh, Hai Nguyen", "Van, Truong Nguyen", "Thu, Huong Ngo Thi", "Van, Binh Nghiem", "Thanh, Binh Doan", "Thu, Ha Phung Thi", "Kieu, Anh Nguyen Thi", "Viet, Nhung Nguyen", "Marks, Guy B", "Fox, Greg J", "Nguyen, Thu-Anh"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145188", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427199, "pmcid": "PMC7232066", "title": "Maternal Fetal Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM", "authors": ["Crombleholme, Timothy M", "Moise, Kenneth J Jr"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427199", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471929, "title": "Coagulation concerns in patients with COVID-19 proposed for regional anesthesia.", "journal": "Reg Anesth Pain Med", "authors": ["Mendes, Angela Barbosa", "Penedos, Constanca", "Vaz Rodrigues, Luisa", "Varandas, Joana Santos", "Lages, Neusa", "Machado, Humberto"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471929", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389715, "pmcid": "PMC7205672", "title": "Exploring the risk of severe COVID-19 infection in hidradenitis suppurativa patients.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Seltzer, Janyla A", "Okeke, Chidubem A V", "Perry, Jessica D", "Shipman, William D", "Okoye, Ginette A", "Byrd, Angel S"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389715", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420921, "title": "Heterogeneity of COVID-19 outbreak in Italy.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Rivieccio, Bruno Alessandro", "Luconi, Ester", "Boracchi, Patrizia", "Pariani, Elena", "Romano, Luisa", "Salini, Silvia", "Castaldi, Silvana", "Biganzoli, Elia", "Galli, Massimo"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420921", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) started in December 2019 in China and was declared a pandemic on 11.03.2020 by WHO. Italy is one of the most afflicted Country by this epidemic with 136,110 confirmed cases and 16,654 deaths on 9.4.2020 (at the same date, the Ministry of Health was reporting 143,626 cases).\u00a0 During these few months the National Health Service have made a great effort to cope with the increasing request of intensive care beds and all the elective activities in hospital have been suspended. Data from the different Italian regions shows different patterns of positive and dead for this syndrome. Moreover, striking differences of the observed lethality of the infections among different areas were immediately evident from the epidemic reports. It will be of critical relevance to understand the expected evolution of the first lock-down phase, driving the exhaustion of the Covid-19 outbreak.(www.actabiomedica.it)."}, {"pmid": 32358457, "pmcid": "PMC7236849", "title": "Forensic Nursing in the Wake of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Forensic Nurs", "authors": ["Peternelj-Taylor, Cindy"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358457", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404050, "pmcid": "PMC7220591", "title": "Social media as a recruitment platform for a nationwide online survey of COVID-19 knowledge, beliefs, and practices in the United States: methodology and feasibility analysis.", "journal": "BMC Med Res Methodol", "authors": ["Ali, Shahmir H", "Foreman, Joshua", "Capasso, Ariadna", "Jones, Abbey M", "Tozan, Yesim", "DiClemente, Ralph J"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404050", "countries": ["United States", "Puerto Rico"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has evolved into one of the most impactful health crises in modern history, compelling researchers to explore innovative ways to efficiently collect public health data in a timely manner. Social media platforms have been explored as a research recruitment tool in other settings; however, their feasibility for collecting representative survey data during infectious disease epidemics remain unexplored. This study has two aims 1) describe the methodology used to recruit a nationwide sample of adults residing in the United States (U.S.) to participate in a survey on COVID-19 knowledge, beliefs, and practices, and 2) outline the preliminary findings related to recruitment, challenges using social media as a recruitment platform, and strategies used to address these challenges. An original web-based survey informed by evidence from past literature and validated scales was developed. A Facebook advertisement campaign was used to disseminate the link to an online Qualtrics survey between March 20-30, 2020. Two supplementary male-only and racial minority- targeted advertisements were created on the sixth and tenth day of recruitment, respectively, to address issues of disproportionate female- and White-oriented gender- and ethnic-skewing observed in the advertisement's reach and response trends. In total, 6602 participant responses were recorded with representation from all U.S. 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. The advertisements cumulatively reached 236,017 individuals and resulted in 9609 clicks (4.07% reach). Total cost of the advertisement was $906, resulting in costs of $0.09 per click and $0.18 per full response (completed surveys). Implementation of the male-only advertisement improved the cumulative percentage of male respondents from approximately 20 to 40%. The social media advertisement campaign was an effective and efficient strategy to collect large scale, nationwide data on COVID-19 within a short time period. Although the proportion of men who completed the survey was lower than those who didn't, interventions to increase male responses and enhance representativeness were successful. These findings can inform future research on the use of social media recruitment for the rapid collection of survey data related to rapidly evolving health crises, such as COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32433289, "pmcid": "PMC7268835", "title": "Cancer Surgery During COVID-19: How We Move Forward.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Eng, Oliver S", "Pawlik, Timothy M", "Ejaz, Aslam"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433289", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386804, "pmcid": "PMC7195283", "title": "Imaging & other potential predictors of deterioration in COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Shah, Kaushal", "Kamler, Jonathan", "Phan, Alexander", "Toy, Dennis"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386804", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This case report describes a young patient with COVID-19 who is initially diagnosed with CT chest imaging. Upon admission to the hospital, his clinical condition deteriorates requiring ventilatory support. We explore the value of imaging and other potential predictors of deterioration."}, {"pmid": 32278360, "pmcid": "PMC7158943", "title": "A Spanish-translated clinical algorithm for management of suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Martinez-Portilla, Raigam J", "Gonce, Anna", "Hawkins-Villarreal, Ameth", "Figueras, Francesc"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278360", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374367, "pmcid": "PMC7239228", "title": "Delirium: a missing piece in the COVID-19 pandemic puzzle.", "journal": "Age Ageing", "authors": ["O'Hanlon, Shane", "Inouye, Sharon K"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374367", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314527, "pmcid": "PMC7235468", "title": "COVID-19: Leaving lockdown-Of Schrodinger, cats, testing and masks.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Thomson, George Alexander"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314527", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359711, "pmcid": "PMC7195301", "title": "COVID-19 With Limb Ischemic Necrosis.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Qian, Song-Zan", "Pan, Jing-Ye"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359711", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404885, "pmcid": "PMC7220587", "title": "The COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative, a global initiative to elucidate the role of host genetic factors in susceptibility and severity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Hum Genet", "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404885", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32151613, "pmcid": "PMC7130013", "title": "And now for something completely different: from 2019-nCoV and COVID-19 to 2020-nMan.", "journal": "Pulmonology", "authors": ["Froes, F"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32151613", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378842, "title": "COVID-19 with silent hypoxemia.", "journal": "Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen", "authors": ["Ottestad, William", "Seim, Mari", "Maehlen, Jens Otto"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378842", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527327, "pmcid": "PMC7288621", "title": "Flight of the COVID-19 patient: experience with a Wuhan evacuee: a case report.", "journal": "J Med Case Rep", "authors": ["Segar, Sandeep", "Bouland, Daniel", "Torriani, Francesca", "Kwak, Kevin", "Asudani, Deepak", "Taplitz, Randy", "Gupta, Vineet"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527327", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. We report a case of a 51-year-old Chinese woman who was evacuated from Wuhan, China and diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 infection at a Southern California quarantine facility. Her clinical course was notable for high fevers, night sweats, productive cough, transient leukopenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and transaminitis. Evolving hypoxia and infiltrates on chest imaging warranted the trial of an investigational antiviral drug - remdesivir. Our patient recovered and was discharged after 2 weeks of hospitalization. This case highlights our patient's clinical course, including diagnostic work-up, medical management, and challenges in defining non-infectivity in a relatively unknown disease."}, {"pmid": 32403185, "pmcid": "PMC7273015", "title": "Virtual bedside teaching rounds with patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Hofmann, Heather", "Harding, Cameron", "Youm, Julie", "Wiechmann, Warren"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403185", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349259, "pmcid": "PMC7246918", "title": "Covid-19 Outbreak Progression in Italian Regions: Approaching the Peak by the End of March in Northern Italy and First Week of April in Southern Italy.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Distante, Cosimo", "Piscitelli, Prisco", "Miani, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349259", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Epidemiological figures of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Italy are higher than those observed in China. Our objective was to model the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak progression in Italian regions vs. Lombardy to assess the epidemic's progression. Our setting was Italy, and especially Lombardy, which is experiencing a heavy burden of SARS-CoV-2 infections. The peak of new daily cases of the epidemic has been reached on the 29th, while was delayed in Central and Southern Italian regions compared to Northern ones. In our models, we estimated the basic reproduction number (R0), which represents the average number of people that can be infected by a person who has already acquired the infection, both by fitting the exponential growth rate of the infection across a 1-month period and also by using day-by-day assessments based on single observations. We used the susceptible-exposed-infected-removed (SEIR) compartment model to predict the spreading of the pandemic in Italy. The two methods provide an agreement of values, although the first method based on exponential fit should provide a better estimation, being computed on the entire time series. Taking into account the growth rate of the infection across a 1-month period, each infected person in Lombardy has involved 4 other people (3.6 based on data of April 23rd) compared to a value of R0 = 2.68, as reported in the Chinese city of Wuhan. According to our model, Piedmont, Veneto, Emilia Romagna, Tuscany and Marche will reach an R0 value of up to 3.5. The R0 was 3.11 for Lazio and 3.14 for the Campania region, where the latter showed the highest value among the Southern Italian regions, followed by Apulia (3.11), Sicily (2.99), Abruzzo (3.0), Calabria (2.84), Basilicata (2.66), and Molise (2.6). The R0 value is decreased in Lombardy and the Northern regions, while it is increased in Central and Southern regions. The expected peak of the SEIR model is set at the end of March, at a national level, with Southern Italian regions reaching the peak in the first days of April. Regarding the strengths and limitations of this study, our model is based on assumptions that might not exactly correspond to the evolution of the epidemic. What we know about the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic is based on Chinese data that seems to be different than those from Italy; Lombardy is experiencing an evolution of the epidemic that seems unique inside Italy and Europe, probably due to demographic and environmental factors."}, {"pmid": 32439309, "pmcid": "PMC7183283", "title": "[Narrative review of the immune response against coronavirus: An overview, applicability for SARS-COV-2, and therapeutic implications].", "journal": "An Pediatr (Barc)", "authors": ["Garcia-Salido, Alberto"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439309", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that causes a severe acute respiratory syndrome emerges in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. It produces the aforementioned disease due to coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), and has led to a declaration of a world public health emergency by the World Health Organisation. This new SARS-CoV-2 virus could share characteristics and an immune response similar to those described for other coronavirus. Given its activity on the interferon pathway, and the manner in which it dysregulates innate immunity, the use of treatments directed at modulating or containing this could be of interest. A narrative review was made of the current evidence about immunity against coronavirus and its applicability to SARS-CoV-2. The physiopathogenesis is also described, along with the underlying leucocyte activity, with the intention of clarifying the possible usefulness of inflammatory biomarkers and the development of personalised treatments."}, {"pmid": 32446982, "pmcid": "PMC7241362", "title": "COVID-19 and Neurosurgical Education in Africa: Making lemonade from lemons.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Kanmounye, Ulrick Sidney", "Esene, Ignatius N"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446982", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Never in history has the fabric of African Neurosurgery been challenged as it is today with the advent of covid-19. Even the most robust and resilient neurosurgical educational systems in the continent have been brought to their knees with Neurosurgical trainees and young neurosurgeons bearing the brunt. In the face of this new reality, and in order to limit the impact of the current COVID-19 pandemic, multiple programs have implemented physical distancing which reduces in-person interactions. In some cases, residents have been asked to stay home at least till they are instructed otherwise. This unfortunate event presents an innovative opportunity for neurosurgical education in Africa. Herein, we detail the framework of an online neurosurgical education initiative to advance the education of African residents and young Neurosurgeons during and after the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32199996, "pmcid": "PMC7186548", "title": "[SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. Information and proposal of management care. CNGOF].", "journal": "Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol", "authors": ["Peyronnet, V", "Sibiude, J", "Deruelle, P", "Huissoud, C", "Lescure, X", "Lucet, J-C", "Mandelbrot, L", "Nisand, I", "Vayssiere, C", "Yazpandanah, Y", "Luton, D", "Picone, O"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199996", "countries": ["China", "France"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) highlighted at the end of 2019 in China is spreading across all continents. Most often at the origin of a mild infectious syndrome, associating mild symptoms (fever, cough, myalgia, headache and possible digestive disorders) to different degrees, SARS-Covid-2 can cause serious pulmonary pathologies and sometimes death. Data on the consequences during pregnancy are limited. The first Chinese data published seem to show that the symptoms in pregnant women are the same as those of the general population. There are no cases of intrauterine maternal-fetal transmission, but cases of newborns infected early suggest that there could be vertical perpartum or neonatal transmission. Induced prematurity and cases of respiratory distress in newborns of infected mothers have been described. Pregnancy is known as a period at higher risk for the consequences of respiratory infections, as for influenza, so it seems important to screen for Covid-19 in the presence of symptoms and to monitor closely pregnant women. In this context of the SARS-Covid-2 epidemic, the societies of gynecology-obstetrics, infectious diseases and neonatalogy have proposed a French protocol for the management of possible and proven cases of SARS-Covid-2 in pregnant women. These proposals may evolve on a daily basis with the advancement of the epidemic and knowledge in pregnant women. Subsequently, an in-depth analysis of cases in pregnant women will be necessary in order to improve knowledge on the subject."}, {"pmid": 32496250, "title": "Impact of lockdown following COVID-19 on the gaming behavior of college students.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Balhara, Yatan Pal Singh", "Kattula, Dheeraj", "Singh, Swarndeep", "Chukkali, Surekha", "Bhargava, Rachna"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496250", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The uncertainty about the impact of the lockdown in wake of COVID-19 on their future academic and carrier prospects, besides other concerns; makes college students, particularly vulnerable to stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Gaming has been recognized as a coping mechanism against stress in the previously published literature. The current study aimed to assess the gaming behavior of college students during the lockdown following COVID-19. Data were collected from a cohort of students that constituted the sampling frame of an ongoing project. A total of 393 college students were enrolled. All the eligible students were subsequently contacted through E-mail and WhatsApp messenger and invited to share the details. About half (50.8%) of the participants reported that their gaming behavior had increased, whereas 14.6% reported a decrease in their gaming during the lockdown period. In binary logistic regression analysis, hours of gaming per day (odds ratio [OR] 1.75 [1.29-2.36]), increase in gaming due to examination related stress (OR 4.96 [1.12-21.98]), and belief that gaming helps managing stress (OR 4.27 [1.65-11.04]), were found to be independently associated with gaming behavior during lockdown period. In the lockdown period following COVID-19 pandemic, the increase in gaming behavior was associated with examination-related stress and the belief that gaming helps combat stress. These observations highlight the need to focus on the coping style of the students to ascertain the likelihood of them engaging in gaming behavior as a coping mechanism against stress."}, {"pmid": 32339565, "pmcid": "PMC7180349", "title": "COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease: What we know, what we think we know, and what we need to know.", "journal": "J Mol Cell Cardiol", "authors": ["Dhawan, Rahul", "Gundry, Rebekah L", "Brett-Major, David M", "Mahr, Claudius", "Thiele, Geoffrey M", "Lindsey, Merry L", "Anderson, Daniel R"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339565", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32477912, "pmcid": "PMC7237977", "title": "Analysis and suggestions for the preview and triage screening of children with suspected COVID-19 outside the epidemic area of Hubei Province.", "journal": "Transl Pediatr", "authors": ["Zhang, Ni", "Deng, Yuebi", "Li, Weiguo", "Liu, Junhong", "Li, Haiying", "Liu, Enmei", "Zheng, Xianlan"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32477912", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a number of patients infected with COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) have been identified in Wuhan, Hubei, China. As the epidemic has spread, similar cases have also been found in other parts of mainland China and abroad. The main reason for this spread is the highly contagious nature of the virus and the fact that children can also become infected during its incubation period. This has made the virus a substantial challenge for the outpatient triage staff of children's hospitals outside the epidemic area of the Hubei Province. It is very important for the preview and triage personnel to accurately grasp the epidemiology of the virus and identify children's symptoms in the fever clinic. We performed an analysis of our early preview and triage of suspected COVID-19 in 36 children presenting at fever clinics. Two specialists either excluded suspected cases or referred cases to the isolation ward for new nucleic acid testing. All 14 children who were transferred to the isolation ward had a fever, and 71.43% of them had a cough. Their nucleic acid testing results were negative. The suspected cases and excluded suspected cases had similar epidemiology history as well as complete blood count results. With reference to the diagnostic criteria in existing pediatric guidelines, we have further improved the triage screening questionnaire for children with fever in our hospital. According to the situation in our city and hospital, an evaluation questionnaire that is suitable for use with children in our hospital has been formulated to achieve the goals of early detection, isolation, diagnosis, and treatment. We provided an important basis for the next step in developing accurate preview and triage screening standards and appropriate guidelines for pediatric patients."}, {"pmid": 32509472, "pmcid": "PMC7246029", "title": "Insights on early mutational events in SARS-CoV-2 virus reveal founder effects across geographical regions.", "journal": "PeerJ", "authors": ["Farkas, Carlos", "Fuentes-Villalobos, Francisco", "Garrido, Jose Luis", "Haigh, Jody", "Barria, Maria Ines"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509472", "countries": ["United States", "China", "Australia"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Here we aim to describe early mutational events across samples from publicly available SARS-CoV-2 sequences from the sequence read archive and GenBank repositories. Up until 27 March 2020, we downloaded 50 illumina datasets, mostly from China, USA (WA State) and Australia (VIC). A total of 30 datasets (60%) contain at least a single founder mutation and most of the variants are missense (over 63%). Five-point mutations with clonal (founder) effect were found in USA next-generation sequencing samples. Sequencing samples from North America in GenBank (22 April 2020) present this signature with up to 39% allele frequencies among samples (n = 1,359). Australian variant signatures were more diverse than USA samples, but still, clonal events were found in these samples. Mutations in the helicase, encoded by the ORF1ab gene in SARS-CoV-2 were predominant, among others, suggesting that these regions are actively evolving. Finally, we firmly urge that primer sets for diagnosis be carefully designed, since rapidly occurring variants would affect the performance of the reverse transcribed quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) based viral testing."}, {"pmid": 32397558, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on the Cardiovascular System: A Review.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Matsushita, Kensuke", "Marchandot, Benjamin", "Jesel, Laurence", "Ohlmann, Patrick", "Morel, Olivier"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397558", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has been declared a public health emergency of international concern. COVID-19 may present as acute respiratory distress syndrome in severe cases, and patients with pre-existing cardiovascular comorbidities are reported to be the most vulnerable. Notably, acute myocardial injury, determined by elevated high-sensitivity troponin levels, is commonly observed in severe cases, and is strongly associated with mortality. Therefore, understanding the effects of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system is essential for providing comprehensive medical care for critically ill patients. In this review, we summarize the rapidly evolving data and highlight the cardiovascular considerations related to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32450727, "title": "Chest CT-based differential diagnosis of 28 patients with suspected corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Br J Radiol", "authors": ["Xie, Sidong", "Lei, Ziying", "Chen, Xiuzhen", "Liu, Weimin", "Wang, Xiaohong", "Dong, Yunxu", "Guo, Yuefei", "Duan, Yani", "Cao, Huijuan", "Qin, Jie", "Lin, Bingliang"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450727", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The chest CT findings that can distinguish patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from those with clinically suspected COVID-19 but subsequently found to be COVID-19 negative have not previously been described in detail. The purpose of this study was to determine the distinctions among patients with COVID-19 by comparing the imaging findings of patients with suspected confirmed COVID-19 and those of patients initially suspected to have COVID-19 who were ultimately negative for the disease. 28 isolated suspected in-patients with COVID-19 were enrolled in this retrospective study from January 22, 2020 to February 6, 2020. 12 patients were confirmed to have positive severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA results, and 16 patients had negative results. The thin-section CT imaging findings and clinical and laboratory data of all the patients were evaluated. There were no significant differences between the 12 confirmed COVID-19 (SARS-Cov-2-positive) patients and 16 SARS-CoV-2-negative patients in epidemiology and most of the clinical features or laboratory data. The CT images showed that the incidence of pure/mixed ground-glass opacities (GGOs) was not different between COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2-negative patients [9/12 (75.0%) vs 10/16 (62.5%), p = 0.687], but pure/mixed GGOs in the peripheral were more common in patients with COVID-19 [11/12 (91.7%) vs 6/16 (37.5%), p = 0.006]. There were no significant differences in the number of lesions, bilateral lung involvement, large irregular/patchy opacities, rounded opacities, linear opacities, crazy-paving patterns, halo signs, interlobular septal thickening or air bronchograms. Although peripheral pure/mixed GGOs on CT may help distinguish patients with COVID-19 from clinically suspected but negative patients, CT cannot replace RT-PCR testing. Peripheral pure/mixed GGOs on-chest CT findings can be helpful in distinguishing patients with COVID-19 from those with clinically suspected COVID-19 but subsequently found to be COVID-19 negative."}, {"pmid": 32315757, "pmcid": "PMC7165281", "title": "Current data on the cardiovascular effects of COVID-19.", "journal": "Hellenic J Cardiol", "authors": ["Vlachakis, Panayotis K", "Tentolouris, Anastasios", "Tousoulis, Dimitris", "Tentolouris, Nikolaos"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315757", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422382, "pmcid": "PMC7227512", "title": "Doctors in Pakistan denounce opening of mosques for congregational prayers during Ramadan amid the COVID-19 pandemic: Correspondence.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Shah, Syed Ghulam Sarwar"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422382", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32279908, "pmcid": "PMC7128661", "title": "Is the ACE2 Overexpression a Risk Factor for COVID-19 Infection?", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Gracia-Ramos, Abraham Edgar"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279908", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the recent coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, a higher proportion of patients with severe disease were found in older persons with comorbidities. This observation has been related to the use of drugs that can increase the cellular expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) that has been recognized as target to which the virus bind to cells. Although this hypothesis is possible, it may also have other explanations which are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32511851, "title": "Rapid In-Vitro Inactivation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Using Povidone-Iodine Oral Antiseptic Rinse.", "journal": "J Prosthodont", "authors": ["Bidra, Avinash S", "Pelletier, Jesse S", "Westover, Jonna B", "Frank, Samantha", "Brown, Seth M", "Tessema, Belachew"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511851", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the optimal contact time and concentration for viricidal activity of oral preparation of povidone-iodine (PVP-I) against SARS-CoV-2 ('corona virus') to mitigate the risk and transmission of the virus in the dental practice. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) USA-WA1/2020 strain, virus stock was tested against oral antiseptic solutions consisting of aqueous povidone-iodine (PVP-I) as the sole active ingredient. The PVP-I was tested at diluted concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%. Test media without any virus was added to 2 tubes of the compounds to serve as toxicity and neutralization controls. Ethanol (70%) was tested in parallel as a positive control, and water only as a negative control. The test solutions and virus were incubated at room temperature (22 \u00b12\u00b0C) for time periods of 15 and 30 seconds. The solution was then neutralized by a 1/10 dilution in minimum essential medium (MEM) 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 50 \u03bcg/mL gentamicin. Surviving virus from each sample was quantified by standard end-point dilution assay and the log reduction value (LRV) of each compound compared to the negative (water) control was calculated. PVP-I oral antiseptics at all tested concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%, completely inactivated SARS-CoV-2 within 15 seconds of contact. The 70% ethanol control group was unable to completely inactivate SARS-CoV-2 after 15 seconds of contact, but was able to inactivate the virus at 30 seconds of contact. PVP-I oral antiseptic preparations rapidly inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus in vitro. The viricidal activity was present at the lowest concentration of 0.5 % PVP-I and at the lowest contact time of 15 seconds. This important finding can justify the use of preprocedural oral rinsing with PVP-I (for patients and health care providers) may be useful as an adjunct to personal protective equipment, for dental and surgical specialties during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32163697, "pmcid": "PMC7121643", "title": "Detection of Covid-19 in Children in Early January 2020 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Liu, Weiyong", "Zhang, Qi", "Chen, Junbo", "Xiang, Rong", "Song, Huijuan", "Shu, Sainan", "Chen, Ling", "Liang, Lu", "Zhou, Jiaxin", "You, Lei", "Wu, Peng", "Zhang, Bo", "Lu, Yanjun", "Xia, Liming", "Huang, Lu", "Yang, Yang", "Liu, Fang", "Semple, Malcolm G", "Cowling, Benjamin J", "Lan, Ke", "Sun, Ziyong", "Yu, Hongjie", "Liu, Yingle"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32163697", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268711, "title": "[Systematic perinatal management of the pregnant women and neonates during the epidemic of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Pu, J", "Liu, X X"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268711", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387562, "pmcid": "PMC7199688", "title": "Coding potential and sequence conservation of SARS-CoV-2 and related animal viruses.", "journal": "Infect Genet Evol", "authors": ["Cagliani, Rachele", "Forni, Diego", "Clerici, Mario", "Sironi, Manuela"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387562", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel human-infecting coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was recognized in China. In a few months, SARS-CoV-2 has caused thousands of disease cases and deaths in several countries. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that SARS-CoV-2 clusters with SARS-CoV in the Sarbecovirus subgenus and viruses related to SARS-CoV-2 were identified from bats and pangolins. Coronaviruses have long and complex genomes with high plasticity in terms of gene content. To date, the coding potential of SARS-CoV-2 remains partially unknown. We thus used available sequences of bat and pangolin viruses to determine the selective events that shaped the genome structure of SARS-CoV-2 and to assess its coding potential. By searching for signals of significantly reduced variability at synonymous sites (dS), we identified six genomic regions, one of these corresponding to the programmed -1 ribosomal frameshift. The most prominent signal of dS reduction was observed within the E gene. A genome-wide analysis of conserved RNA structures indicated that this region harbors a putative functional RNA element that is shared with the SARS-CoV lineage. Additional signals of reduced dS indicated the presence of internal ORFs. Whereas the presence ORF9a (internal to N) was previously proposed by homology with a well characterized protein of SARS-CoV, ORF3h (for hypothetical, within ORF3a) was not previously described. The predicted product of ORF3h has 90% identity with the corresponding predicted product of SARS-CoV and displays features suggestive of a viroporin. Finally, analysis of the putative ORF10 revealed high dN/dS (3.82) in SARS-CoV-2 and related coronaviruses. In the SARS-CoV lineage, the ORF is predicted to encode a truncated protein and is neutrally evolving. These data suggest that ORF10 encodes a functional protein in SARS-CoV-2 and that positive selection is driving its evolution. Experimental analyses will be necessary to validate and characterize the coding and non-coding functional elements we identified."}, {"pmid": 32327614, "title": "An Urgent Call to Make One Health Work for People and Our Planet.", "journal": "MEDICC Rev", "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327614", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "January 2020 begins a new decade, a chance for the inter-national health community to take a hard look at where we are, where we stand, what we stand for and why we need to stand up. Staring us down are two concurrent global health emergencies: the coronavirus epidemic originating in Wu-han, China and climate change. As you read this, the trove of articles and assessments published on both is growing faster than most can absorb."}, {"pmid": 32419360, "title": "Diabetes during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Call to Reconnect with Patients and Emphasize Lifestyle Changes and Optimise Glycemic and Blood Pressure Control.", "journal": "J Diabetes", "authors": ["Misra, Anoop", "Bloomgarden, Zachary"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419360", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32045966, "title": "[First case of severe childhood novel coronavirus pneumonia in China].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, F", "Liu, Z S", "Zhang, F R", "Xiong, R H", "Chen, Y", "Cheng, X F", "Wang, W Y", "Ren, J"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32045966", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354753, "title": "Will covid-19 change US healthcare for the better?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Kamerow, Douglas"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354753", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328715, "pmcid": "PMC7179370", "title": "Cardiovascular emergencies in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Herz", "authors": ["Thiele, Holger"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328715", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362296, "pmcid": "PMC7231666", "title": "The role of triage in the prevention and control of COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Wang, Qiaoxia", "Wang, Xiaoping", "Lin, Huanping"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362296", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To prevent and control public health emergencies, we set up a prescreening and triage workflow and analyzed the effects on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In accordance with the requirements of the level 1 emergency response of public health emergencies in Shaanxi Province, China, a triage process for COVID-19 was established to guide patients through a 4-level triage process during their hospital visits. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was based on positive COVID-19 nucleic acid testing according to the unified triage standards of the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial version 4),4 issued by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. The screened rate of suspected COVID-19 was 1.63% (4 of 246) in the general fever outpatient clinic and 8.28% (13 of 157) in the COVID-19 outpatient clinic, and they showed a significant difference (P = .00). The triage procedure effectively screened the patients and identified the high-risk population."}, {"pmid": 32324841, "title": "Physically Active Lifestyle as an Approach to Confronting COVID-19.", "journal": "Arq Bras Cardiol", "authors": ["Ferreira, Maycon Junior", "Irigoyen, Maria Claudia", "Consolim-Colombo, Fernanda", "Saraiva, Jose Francisco Kerr", "Angelis, Katia De"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324841", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439245, "pmcid": "PMC7211642", "title": "Vaginal delivery in a woman infected with SARS-CoV-2 - The first case reported in Portugal.", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Polonia-Valente, R", "Moucho, M", "Tavares, M", "Vilan, A", "Montenegro, N", "Rodrigues, T"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439245", "countries": ["Portugal"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416016, "title": "The haka: Wonderful bonding, sending a challenge in a global crisis, or merely cultural appropriation?", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Wilson, Denise"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416016", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "I want to begin by acknowledging the tremendous work nurses are undertaking at the frontline of healthcare throughout the world currently. I also want to pay my respects to those nurses and their families and friends who have sadly lost their lives from COVID-19 emphasising the risks our workplaces present. The work of all nurses globally reinforces their pivotal role in healthcare during this time of crisis precipitated by the COVID-19 pandemic - something I never thought we would see to this scale in our lifetime."}, {"pmid": 32196995, "pmcid": "PMC7167630", "title": "Clinical features in pediatric COVID-19.", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["Yasri, Sora", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196995", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388835, "pmcid": "PMC7210461", "title": "COVID-19: thoughts at sunrise.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Gasbarrini, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388835", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376634, "pmcid": "PMC7260975", "title": "Cell entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Shang, Jian", "Wan, Yushun", "Luo, Chuming", "Ye, Gang", "Geng, Qibin", "Auerbach, Ashley", "Li, Fang"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376634", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is causing the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Understanding how SARS-CoV-2 enters human cells is a high priority for deciphering its mystery and curbing its spread. A virus surface spike protein mediates SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells. To fulfill its function, SARS-CoV-2 spike binds to its receptor human ACE2 (hACE2) through its receptor-binding domain (RBD) and is proteolytically activated by human proteases. Here we investigated receptor binding and protease activation of SARS-CoV-2 spike using biochemical and pseudovirus entry assays. Our findings have identified key cell entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2. First, SARS-CoV-2 RBD has higher hACE2 binding affinity than SARS-CoV RBD, supporting efficient cell entry. Second, paradoxically, the hACE2 binding affinity of the entire SARS-CoV-2 spike is comparable to or lower than that of SARS-CoV spike, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 RBD, albeit more potent, is less exposed than SARS-CoV RBD. Third, unlike SARS-CoV, cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 is preactivated by proprotein convertase furin, reducing its dependence on target cell proteases for entry. The high hACE2 binding affinity of the RBD, furin preactivation of the spike, and hidden RBD in the spike potentially allow SARS-CoV-2 to maintain efficient cell entry while evading immune surveillance. These features may contribute to the wide spread of the virus. Successful intervention strategies must target both the potency of SARS-CoV-2 and its evasiveness."}, {"pmid": 32054124, "pmcid": "PMC7073840", "title": "Novel Coronavirus Outbreak in Wuhan, China, 2020: Intense Surveillance Is Vital for Preventing Sustained Transmission in New Locations.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Thompson, Robin N"], "date": "2020-02-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32054124", "countries": ["Thailand", "Korea, Republic of", "China", "Japan", "United States"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of pneumonia originating in Wuhan, China, has generated 24,500 confirmed cases, including 492 deaths, as of 5 February 2020. The virus (2019-nCoV) has spread elsewhere in China and to 24 countries, including South Korea, Thailand, Japan and USA. Fortunately, there has only been limited human-to-human transmission outside of China. Here, we assess the risk of sustained transmission whenever the coronavirus arrives in other countries. Data describing the times from symptom onset to hospitalisation for 47 patients infected early in the current outbreak are used to generate an estimate for the probability that an imported case is followed by sustained human-to-human transmission. Under the assumptions that the imported case is representative of the patients in China, and that the 2019-nCoV is similarly transmissible to the SARS coronavirus, the probability that an imported case is followed by sustained human-to-human transmission is 0.41 (credible interval [0.27, 0.55]). However, if the mean time from symptom onset to hospitalisation can be halved by intense surveillance, then the probability that an imported case leads to sustained transmission is only 0.012 (credible interval [0, 0.099]). This emphasises the importance of current surveillance efforts in countries around the world, to ensure that the ongoing outbreak will not become a global pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32488861, "title": "Applied Clinical Pharmacology in a Crisis - Interleukin-6 Axis Blockade and COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Strohbehn, Garth W", "Reid, Pankti D", "Ratain, Mark J"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488861", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) represents an emergent threat to the public health. Mitigation strategies have been employed to varying effect in many Western nations. Treatment strategies to effectively address COVID-19 and equitably distribute resources are needed, especially in overwhelmed hospitals."}, {"pmid": 32478845, "title": "Association of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak With Enrollment in Cancer Clinical Trials.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Unger, Joseph M", "Blanke, Charles D", "LeBlanc, Michael", "Hershman, Dawn L"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478845", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433118, "pmcid": "PMC7188055", "title": "Electroconvulsive Therapy During COVID-19: An Essential Medical Procedure-Maintaining Service Viability and Accessibility.", "journal": "J ECT", "authors": ["Espinoza, Randall T", "Kellner, Charles H", "McCall, William V"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433118", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504735, "title": "Detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using commercial assays and seroconversion patterns in hospitalized patients.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Tuaillon, E", "Bollore, K", "Pisoni, A", "Debiesse, S", "Renault, C", "S, Marie", "S, Groc", "C, Niels", "N, Pansu", "Am, Dupuy", "D, Morquin", "V, Foulongne", "A, Bourdin", "V, Le Moing", "P, Van de Perre"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504735", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays are needed for serological surveys and as a complement to molecular tests to confirm COVID-19. However, the kinetics of the humoral response against SARS-CoV-2 remains poorly described and relies on the performance of the different serological tests. In this study, we evaluated the performance of six CE-marked point-of-care tests (POC) and three ELISA assays for the diagnosis of COVID-19 by exploring seroconversions in hospitalized patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Both the ELISA and POC tests were able to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in at least half of the samples collected seven days or more after the onset of symptoms. After 15 days, the rate of detection rose to over 80% but without reaching 100%, irrespective of the test used. More than 90% of the samples collected after 15 days tested positive using the iSIA and Accu-Tell\u00ae POC tests and the ID.Vet IgG ELISA assay. Seroconversion was observed 5 to 12 days after the onset of symptoms. Three assays suffer from a specificity below 90% (EUROIMMUN IgG and IgA, UNscience, Zhuhai Livzon). The second week of COVID-19 seems to be the best period for assessing the sensitivity of commercial serological assays. To achieve an early diagnosis of COVID-19 based on antibody detection, a dual challenge must be met: the immunodiagnostic window period must be shortened and an optimal specificity must be conserved."}, {"pmid": 32520362, "title": "What Are the Newest Effects of COVID-19 in Children?", "journal": "Pediatr Ann", "authors": ["Hageman, Joseph R"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520362", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305989, "pmcid": "PMC7206354", "title": "Multiple Myeloma in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Haematol", "authors": ["Al Saleh, Abdullah S", "Sher, Taimur", "Gertz, Morie A"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305989", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We provide our recommendations (not evidence based) for managing multiple myeloma patients during the pandemic of COVID-19. We do not recommend therapy for smoldering myeloma patients (standard or high risk). Screening for COVID-19 should be done in all patients before therapy. For standard-risk patients, we recommend the following: ixazomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (IRd) (preferred), cyclophosphamide lenalidomide and dexamethasone (CRd), daratumumab lenalidomide and dexamethasone (DRd), lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (RVd), or cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (CyBorD). For high-risk patients we recommend carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (KRd) (preferred) or RVd. Decreasing the dose of dexamethasone to 20 mg and giving bortezomib subcutaneously once a week is recommended. We recommend delaying autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT), unless the patient has high-risk disease that is not responding well, or if the patient has plasma cell leukemia (PCL). Testing for COVID-19 should be done before ASCT. If a patient achieves a very good partial response or better, doses and frequency of drug administration can be modified. After 10-12 cycles, lenalidomide maintenance is recommended for standard-risk patients and bortezomib or ixazomib are recommended for high-risk patients. Daratumumab-based regimens are recommended for relapsed patients. Routine ASCT is not recommended for relapse during the epidemic unless the patient has an aggressive relapse or secondary PCL. Patients on current maintenance should continue their therapy."}, {"pmid": 32533666, "title": "Pharmaceutical care in hospitalized patients. (Management of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. A new challenge for pharmacy services).", "journal": "Farm Hosp", "authors": ["Sevilla-Sanchez, Daniel", "Tuset-Creus, Montse"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533666", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, pharmacy services\u00a0have\u00a0 had to adapt their service portfolio, and yet ensure efficient,\u00a0equitable and\u00a0 quality pharmaceutical care. Given the limited scientific\u00a0evidence available, most drugs have been used off-label or in the context\u00a0of clinical trials, which should be the preferred option in order to create\u00a0new evidence.\u00a0Among kind different\u00a0 situations we have faced are the increase in\u00a0workload, the expansion of\u00a0 coverage to new wards and ICUs and shortages,\u00a0which have caused the use of\u00a0 alternative drugs and even other\u00a0routes of administration. Given that covid-19\u00a0 affects elderly population\u00a0with greater severity and many of them are\u00a0 polymedicated, great effort\u00a0have been focused on monitoring interactions, both\u00a0 pharmacokinetic and\u00a0pharmacodynamic (specially prolongation of the QT\u00a0 interval), monitoring\u00a0correct concentrations of electrolytes, nutritional support,\u00a0 adaptation\u00a0of chemotherapy treatment protocols and anticoagulant\u00a0 management,\u00a0among others.\u00a0The use of personal protective equipment added\u00a0 difficulty for nursing\u00a0work and some measures had been taken to minimize the\u00a0 number of entries\u00a0into the rooms. Eventually, team's split to guarantee care, the challenge of\u00a0teleworking, remote validation, telemedicine and telepharmacy for\u00a0 communication\u00a0between professionals and patients, as well as training in this\u00a0pandemic situation have been a challenge for our profession. These\u00a0 difficulties have risen up new learning opportunities we hope will be useful to us\u00a0 in the event we have to face similar situations in the future."}, {"pmid": 32348581, "pmcid": "PMC7267355", "title": "Development of clinical care guidelines for faculty and residents in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Park, Jason S", "El-Sayed, Ivan H", "Young, VyVy N", "Pletcher, Steven D"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348581", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global COVID-19 pandemic brings new challenges to otolaryngology resident education. Surgical volume and clinic visits are curtailed, personal protective equipment for operating room participation is restricted, and the risk of COVID-19 disease transmission during heretofore routine patient care is the new norm. We describe a small-team \"cohorting\" protocol including guidelines for faculty and resident in common clinical scenarios with attention paid to the risk of common otolaryngologic procedures. A rotating small-team approach was implemented at each clinical site, limiting interaction between department members but providing comprehensive coverage. Faculty were involved at the earliest phase of clinical interactions. Guidelines delineated faculty and resident roles based on risk stratification by patient COVID status and anticipated procedures. Special consideration was given to high-risk procedures such as endoscopy and tracheotomy. A small-team-based approach with guidelines for faculty/resident roles may mitigate risk while optimizing patient care and maximizing education."}, {"pmid": 32352358, "title": "Being a rheumatologist and a patient with a rheumatic disease today: A perspective at the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Perricone, Carlo", "Gerli, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352358", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32357808, "title": "Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgM and IgG responses in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Sun, Baoqing", "Feng, Ying", "Mo, Xiaoneng", "Zheng, Peiyan", "Wang, Qian", "Li, Pingchao", "Peng, Ping", "Liu, Xiaoqing", "Chen, Zhilong", "Huang, Huimin", "Zhang, Fan", "Luo, Wenting", "Niu, Xuefeng", "Hu, Peiyu", "Wang, Longyu", "Peng, Hui", "Huang, Zhifeng", "Feng, Liqiang", "Li, Feng", "Zhang, Fuchun", "Li, Fang", "Zhong, Nanshan", "Chen, Ling"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357808", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emerging COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection poses severe challenges to global public health. Serum antibody testing is becoming one of the critical methods for the diagnosis of COVID-19 patients. We investigated IgM and IgG responses against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) protein after symptom onset in the intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU patients. 130 blood samples from 38 COVID-19 patients were collected. The levels of IgM and IgG specific to N and S protein were detected by ELISA. A series of blood samples were collected along the disease course from the same patient, including 11 ICU patients and 27 non-ICU patients for longitudinal analysis. N and S specific IgM and IgG (N-IgM, N-IgG, S-IgM, S-IgG) in non-ICU patients increased after symptom onset. N-IgM and S-IgM in some non-ICU patients reached a peak in the second week, while N-IgG and S-IgG continued to increase in the third week. The combined detection of N and S specific IgM and IgG could identify up to 75% of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in the first week. S-IgG was significantly higher in non-ICU patients than in ICU patients in the third week. In contrast, N-IgG was significantly higher in ICU patients than in non-ICU patients. The increase of S-IgG positively correlated with the decrease of C-reactive protein (CRP) in non-ICU patients. N and S specific IgM and IgG increased gradually after symptom onset and can be used for detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Analysis of the dynamics of S-IgG may help to predict prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32386437, "pmcid": "PMC7272931", "title": "Dermatologic surgery training during the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Garcia-Lozano, J A", "Cuellar-Barboza, A", "Garza-Rodriguez, V", "Vazquez-Martinez, O", "Ocampo-Candiani, J"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386437", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343745, "pmcid": "PMC7209966", "title": "Sex-specific clinical characteristics and prognosis of coronavirus disease-19 infection in Wuhan, China: A retrospective study of 168 severe patients.", "journal": "PLoS Pathog", "authors": ["Meng, Yifan", "Wu, Ping", "Lu, Wanrong", "Liu, Kui", "Ma, Ke", "Huang, Liang", "Cai, Jiaojiao", "Zhang, Hong", "Qin, Yu", "Sun, Haiying", "Ding, Wencheng", "Gui, Lingli", "Wu, Peng"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343745", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To confirm the relationship between sex and the progression of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19), and its potential mechanism, among severe patients. For this retrospective study, we included 168 consecutive severe patients with pathogen-confirmed COVID-19 who were hospitalized between January 16th and February 4th, 2020, at Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, China. Clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, and outcomes were compared and analyzed between males and females. In the present study, we analyzed 168 severe patients with COVID-19, including 86 males and 82 females, and 48 patients (28.6%) were diagnosed as critically ill. Of 86 male patients, 12.8% (11/86) died and 75.6% (65/86) were discharged; of 82 female patients, 7.3% (6/82) died and 86.6% (71/82) were discharged. Eleven laboratory parameters showed significant differences between male and female patients, and six of them were higher during the whole clinical course in patients who died than in patients who were discharged. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, males with comorbidities presented a higher risk of being critically ill than males without comorbidities (OR = 3.824, 95% CI = 1.279-11.435). However, this association attenuated to null in female patients (OR = 2.992, 95% CI = 0.937-9.558). A similar sex-specific trend was observed in the relation between age and critically ill conditions. We highlighted sex-specific differences in clinical characteristics and prognosis. Male patients appeared to be more susceptible to age and comorbidities. Sex is an important biological variable that should be considered in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32469854, "title": "Care of ophthalmological patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid scoping review.", "journal": "Medwave", "authors": ["Vargas-Peirano, Manuel", "Navarrete, Pamela", "Diaz, Traccy", "Iglesias, Gabriel", "Hoehmann, Martin"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469854", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new type of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causes a respiratory distress syndrome that has been called COVID-19 and has generated an unprecedented pandemic. Serious complications include pneumonia, and mortality ranges from 2 to 5%. Until March 26, the World Health Organization reports 462 684 confirmed cases and 20 834 deaths worldwide. Dissemination occurs from aerosols or respiratory droplets. Different scientific societies have published clinical practice guidelines regarding ophthalmic care in the COVID-19 pandemic, but the information is presented inconsistently, which makes decision-making difficult. We conducted a sensitive bibliographic search in EMBASE and ophthalmic society webpages, of the clinical practice guidelines of ophthalmic care in pandemic COVID-19. We extracted the recommendations, organizing them into three categories: \"Which patients to attend\", \"How should the clinic work\", and \"What interventions should be avoided\". For each guideline, we assessed whether the search was systematic and whether the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology was followed. Fourteen relevant articles were found. Fifty-one recommendations were extracted and are shown in a summary table. None are based on a systematic search for evidence, nor do any use GRADE to develop the recommendations. The clinical practice guidelines that we reviewed all recommend rescheduling all non-urgent consultations and surgeries, reinforcing contact precautions, the use of personal protection elements, and the disinfection of surfaces and instruments. The guidelines should be improved by incorporating systematic searches for evidence, using GRADE for recommendations, and Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) for reporting."}, {"pmid": 32322400, "pmcid": "PMC7171182", "title": "Epidemiology, genome, and clinical features of the pandemic SARS-CoV-2: a recent view.", "journal": "New Microbes New Infect", "authors": ["Abduljalil, J M", "Abduljalil, B M"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322400", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, the number of globally confirmed cases according to World Health Organization statistics reached 292\u00a0124 in 189 countries by 22 March 2020. The number of deaths reached 12\u00a0784, with estimated case-fatality rates ranging from 0.5% to 5.7%. Children population seems to be the least affected by the disease, while the highest rate of death is among the elderly and people with comorbidities. Most infected individuals are asymptomatic or only exhibit mild symptoms. After the incubation period, the most common symptoms are fever, cough and fatigue. Asymptomatic carrier state is of paramount importance because of carriers' ability to spread the infection and to shed the virus into the air and surroundings. Although much is still unknown about SARS-CoV-2, the scientific research is moving at an unprecedented pace towards understanding the nature, effective control, prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Various reports have suggested an in\u00a0vivo evolution of the virus, which may explain the rapid spread and changing epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2, but further evidence is needed. Unfortunately, no effective treatment or therapeutic drug is available for the disease; only supportive treatment and classical intervention measures are available for confronting the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32380334, "pmcid": "PMC7198391", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Neurosurgical Residency Training in New Orleans.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Scullen, Tyler", "Mathkour, Mansour", "Maulucci, Christopher M", "Dumont, Aaron S", "Bui, Cuong J", "Keen, Joseph R"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380334", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523932, "pmcid": "PMC7279903", "title": "Should the Management of Embolic Stroke in the Elderly Be Changed if They Also Have COVID-19?", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Seabra, Carolina", "Silva, Barbara", "Fagundes, Vitor", "Rocha, Joao", "Nogueira, Luis", "Mesquita, Mari"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523932", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A strong association between stroke and atrial fibrillation (AF) has been demonstrated. Anticoagulation for the prevention of stroke in high-risk patients has the benefit of improving the life expectancy, quality of life, autonomy and social functioning of the patient. The COVID-19 pandemic poses challenges for stroke patients because of the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and thromboembolic risk. We describe the case of an 84-year-old female patient admitted due to an embolic stroke and non-anticoagulated AF. Her admission symptoms were sensory-motor aphasia and severe right limb paresis with an NIHSS score of 24. The diagnosis of embolic stroke (namely, total anterior circulation infarct; TACI) was made. Her stroke was extensive so she was not started on anticoagulation. During hospitalization, new embolic events occurred and a concomitant diagnosis of COVID-19 was made with progressive respiratory dysfunction followed by multiorgan failure. The patient died despite appropriate treatment. The prognosis of elderly patients with cardioembolic stroke depends on anticoagulation administration. The NIHSS score on admission of our patient meant anticoagulation therapy was not appropriate. The diagnosis of COVID-19 contributed to the patient's death. Anticoagulation should be considered in stroke patients with total infarction and atrial fibrillation.There is an association between COVID-19 and thromboembolic stroke.Elderly patients with stroke and COVID-19 are at higher risk of death."}, {"pmid": 32255713, "title": "Maxillofacial Trauma Management During COVID-19: Multidisciplinary Recommendations.", "journal": "Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med", "authors": ["Edwards, Sean P", "Kasten, Steve", "Nelson, Christine", "Elner, Vic", "McKean, Erin"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255713", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427640, "pmcid": "PMC7248876", "title": "Lessons From COVID-19 on the Stepwise Development of Interventions.", "journal": "J Neurol Phys Ther", "authors": ["Field-Fote, Edelle Edee"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427640", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386460, "pmcid": "PMC7272985", "title": "Chilblains in children in the setting of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Pediatr Dermatol", "authors": ["Andina, David", "Noguera-Morel, Lucero", "Bascuas-Arribas, Marta", "Gaitero-Tristan, Jara", "Alonso-Cadenas, Jose Antonio", "Escalada-Pellitero, Silvia", "Hernandez-Martin, Angela", "de la Torre-Espi, Mercedes", "Colmenero, Isabel", "Torrelo, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386460", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Different skin manifestations of COVID-19 are being reported. Acral lesions on the hands and feet, closely resembling chilblains, have been recognized during the peak incidence of the COVID-19 pandemic. A retrospective review of 22 children and adolescents with chilblain-like lesions seen over a short period of time in the Emergency Department of a children's hospital during the peak incidence of COVID-19 in Madrid, Spain. All patients had lesions clinically consistent with chilblains of the toes or feet, with three also having lesions of the fingers. Pruritus and mild pain were the only skin symptoms elicited, and only 10 had mild respiratory and/or GI symptoms. None had fever. Coagulation tests, hemogram, serum chemistry, and lupus anticoagulant were normal in all patients tested. One out of 16 tested cases had elevated D-dimer results, but without systemic symptoms or other laboratory anomalies. SARS-CoV-2 PCR tested in 19 cases was positive in just one case. Skin biopsies obtained in six patients were consistent with chilblains. On follow-up, all cases showed spontaneous marked improvement or complete healing. Acute chilblains were observed during COVID-19 pandemic in children and teenagers. It is a mildly symptomatic condition with an excellent prognosis, usually requiring no therapy. Etiopathogenesis remains unknown."}, {"pmid": 32283291, "pmcid": "PMC7146708", "title": "Psychiatry hospital management facing COVID-19: From medical staff to patients.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Shao, Ying", "Shao, Yang", "Fei, Jian-Ming"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283291", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409505, "title": "COVID-19 in People With Diabetes: Urgently Needed Lessons From Early Reports.", "journal": "Diabetes Care", "authors": ["Riddle, Matthew C", "Buse, John B", "Franks, Paul W", "Knowler, William C", "Ratner, Robert E", "Selvin, Elizabeth", "Wexler, Deborah J", "Kahn, Steven E"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409505", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341722, "pmcid": "PMC7184013", "title": "[What do surgeons need to know about the digestive disorders and paraclinical abnormalities induced by COVID-19?]", "authors": ["Gornet, Jean-Marc", "My, Linh Tran Minh", "Leleu, Florian", "Hassid, Deborah"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341722", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The symptoms associated with COVID-19 are mainly characterized by a triad composed of fever, dry cough and dyspnea. However, digestive symptoms have also been reported; at first considered as infrequent, they in fact seem to affect (to some extent) more than half of patients. The symptoms are mainly manifested by anorexia, diarrhea, nausea and/or vomiting and abdominal pain. Even though prognosis is associated with lung injury, digestive symptoms seem significantly more frequent in patients presenting with severe COVID-19 infection. Digestive forms, which may be isolated or which can precede pulmonary symptoms, have indeed been reported, with diarrhea as a leading clinical sign. The main biological abnormalities that can suggest COVID-19 infection at an early stage are lymphopenia, elevated CRP and heightened ASAT transaminases. Thoraco-abdominal scan seems useful as a means of on the one hand ruling out digestive pathology not connected with coronavirus and on the other hand searching for pulmonary images compatible with COVID-19 infection. No data exist on the interest of digestive endoscopy in cases of persistent digestive symptoms. Moreover, the endoscopic surgeons may themselves be at significant risk of contamination. Fecal-oral transmission of the infection is possible, especially insofar as viral shedding in stools seems frequent and of longer duration than at the ENT level, including in patients with negative throat swab and without digestive symptoms. In some doubtful cases, virologic assessment of stool samples can yield definitive diagnosis. In the event of prolonged viral shedding in stools, a patient's persistent contagiousness is conceivable but not conclusively established. Upcoming serology should enable identification of the patients having been infected by the COVID-19 epidemic, particularly among previously undetected pauci-symptomatic members of a health care staff. Resumption of medico-surgical activity should be the object of a dedicated strategy preceding deconfinement."}, {"pmid": 32511697, "title": "COVID-19 : Pacific Islands challenges.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Poignant, Simon", "Baudouin, Laure", "Vinclair, Marc", "Mons, Sandrine"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511697", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385662, "pmcid": "PMC7207982", "title": "Reply to: COVID-19 Digestive Symptoms Mimicking Internal Hernia Presentation After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass; Comment on \"Internal Hernia in the Times of COVID-19: to Laparoscope or Not to Laparoscope?\"", "journal": "Obes Surg", "authors": ["Singhal, Rishi"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385662", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352594, "pmcid": "PMC7267347", "title": "Phytotherapic compounds against coronaviruses: Possible streams for future research.", "journal": "Phytother Res", "authors": ["Antonelli, Michele", "Donelli, Davide", "Maggini, Valentina", "Firenzuoli, Fabio"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352594", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430572, "pmcid": "PMC7236438", "title": "Guillain-Barre syndrome in the COVID-19 era: just an occasional cluster?", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Gigli, Gian Luigi", "Bax, Francesco", "Marini, Alessandro", "Pellitteri, Gaia", "Scalise, Anna", "Surcinelli, Andrea", "Valente, Mariarosaria"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430572", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32231320, "title": "Blocking information on COVID-19 can fuel the spread of misinformation.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Larson, Heidi J"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32231320", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403242, "title": "Prognostic Value of Cardiovascular Biomarkers in COVID-19: A Review.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Aboughdir, Maryam", "Kirwin, Thomas", "Abdul Khader, Ashiq", "Wang, Brian"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403242", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In early December 2019, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first emerged in Wuhan, China. As of May 10th, 2020, a total of over 4 million COVID-19 cases and 280,000 deaths have been reported globally, reflecting the raised infectivity and severity of this virus. Amongst hospitalised COVID-19 patients, there is a high prevalence of established cardiovascular disease (CVD). There is evidence showing that COVID-19 may exacerbate cardiovascular risk factors and preexisting CVD or may lead to cardiovascular complications. With intensive care units operating at maximum capacity and such staggering mortality rates reported, it is imperative during this time-sensitive COVID-19 outbreak to identify patients with an increased risk of adverse outcomes and/or myocardial injury. Preliminary findings from COVID-19 studies have shown the association of biomarkers of acute cardiac injury and coagulation with worse prognosis. While these biomarkers are recognised for CVD, there is emerging prospect that they may aid prognosis in COVID-19, especially in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities or risk factors that predispose to worse outcomes. Consequently, the aim of this review is to identify cardiovascular prognostic factors associated with morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 and to highlight considerations for incorporating laboratory testing of biomarkers of cardiovascular performance in COVID-19 to optimise outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32344056, "pmcid": "PMC7194727", "title": "Eosinophil responses during COVID-19 infections and coronavirus vaccination.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Lindsley, Andrew W", "Schwartz, Justin T", "Rothenberg, Marc E"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344056", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Eosinophils are circulating and tissue-resident leukocytes that have potent proinflammatory effects in a number of diseases. Recently, eosinophils have been shown to have various other functions, including immunoregulation and antiviral activity. Eosinophil levels vary dramatically in a number of clinical settings, especially following eosinophil-targeted therapy, which is now available to selectively deplete these cells. There are key coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related questions concerning eosinophils whose answers affect recommended prevention and care. First, do patients with eosinophilia-associated diseases have an altered course of COVID-19? Second, do patients with eosinopenia (now intentionally induced by biological drugs) have unique COVID-19 susceptibility and/or disease course? This is a particularly relevant question because eosinopenia is associated with acute respiratory deterioration during infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the causative agent of COVID-19. Third, do eosinophils contribute to the lung pathology induced during COVID-19 and will they contribute to immunopotentiation potentially associated with emerging COVID-19 vaccines? Herein, we address these timely questions and project considerations during the emerging COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32328589, "pmcid": "PMC7177148", "title": "STEMI care during COVID-19: losing sight of the forest for the trees.", "journal": "JACC Case Rep", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Leor, Oriol", "Cid-Alvarez, Belen"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328589", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334647, "pmcid": "PMC7180015", "title": "Pitfalls of judgment during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Redelmeier, Donald A", "Shafir, Eldar"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334647", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372072, "pmcid": "PMC7239185", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond: Considerations and Costs of Telehealth Exercise Programs for Older Adults With Functional Impairments Living at Home-Lessons Learned from a Pilot Case Study.", "journal": "Phys Ther", "authors": ["Middleton, Addie", "Simpson, Kit N", "Bettger, Janet Prvu", "Bowden, Mark G"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372072", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this study was to describe the process and cost of delivering a physical therapist-guided synchronous telehealth exercise program appropriate for older adults with functional limitations. Such programs may help alleviate some of the detrimental impacts of social distancing and quarantine on older adults at-risk of decline. Data were derived from the feasibility arm of a parent study, which piloted the telehealth program for 36 sessions with 1 participant. The steps involved in each phase (ie, development, delivery) were documented, along with participant and program provider considerations for each step. Time-driven activity-based costing was used to track all costs over the course of the study. Costs were categorized as program development or delivery and estimated per session and per participant. A list of the steps and the participant and provider considerations involved in developing and delivering a synchronous telehealth exercise program for older adults with functional impairments was developed. Resources used, fixed and variable costs, per-session cost estimates, and total cost per person were reported. Two potential measures of the \"value proposition\" of this type of intervention were also reported. Per-session cost of $158 appears to be a feasible business case, especially if the physical therapist to trained assistant personnel mix could be improved. The findings provide insight into the process and costs of developing and delivering telehealth exercise programs for older adults with functional impairments. The information presented may provide a \"blue print\" for developing and implementing new telehealth programs or for transitioning in-person services to telehealth delivery during periods of social distancing and quarantine. As movement experts, physical therapists are uniquely positioned to play an important role in the current COVID-19 pandemic and to help individuals who are at risk of functional decline during periods of social distancing and quarantine. Lessons learned from this study's experience can provide guidance on the process and cost of developing and delivering a telehealth exercise program for older adults with functional impairments. The findings also can inform new telehealth programs, as well as assist in transitioning in-person care to a telehealth format in response to the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32409163, "pmcid": "PMC7204678", "title": "Safe tracheotomy for patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Botti, Cecilia", "Lusetti, Francesca", "Castellucci, Andrea", "Costantini, Massimo", "Ghidini, Angelo"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409163", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 disease (COVID-19) with respiratory distress may need invasive mechanical ventilation for a long period of time. Head and neck surgeons are becoming increasingly involved in the care of COVID-19 patients because of the rapidly increasing number of tracheotomies required. This procedure, when performed without protection, may lead to the infection of the medical and nursing staff caring for the patient. The aim of this report is to share our protocol for performing a safe surgical tracheotomy in COVID-19 patients. Infection of the nursing/medical staff involved in the first 30 tracheotomies performed in patients affected by COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary referral center were evaluated. Mistakes that occurred during surgery were analyzed and discussed. None of the nursing/medical staff presented signs or symptoms of COVID-19 within 15\u00a0days after the procedure. Conclusion: The authors have prepared a protocol for performing a safe surgical tracheotomy in patients affected by COVID-19. Surgeons who might be involved in performing the tracheotomies should become familiar with these guidelines."}, {"pmid": 32488763, "pmcid": "PMC7266650", "title": "Targeting the World's Slums as Fat Tails in the Distribution of COVID-19 Cases.", "journal": "J Urban Health", "authors": ["Buckley, Robert M"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488763", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A recent article by Corburn et al. lays out the policies that would help slum communities in the global south deal with COVID-19. That article notes the vulnerabilities of people in these informal settlements and argues that any assistance program must recognize these realities so that the policies do not further jeopardize the survival of large segments of the population of these communities. This note extends the arguments in that paper, focusing on some of the logistic issues involved in providing assistance to informal settlements. It argues that such assistance is essential not only for the help it would provide to people in these settlements but also because the residents of these communities should be key targets of assistance. Because of the location and occupation of most of the residents of these communities, targeting them simultaneously addresses health and economy-wide concerns generated by COVID-19. Their characteristics make them much more likely to be afflicted by the virus and spread it to others. The main conclusions of this note with respect to policy are that the scale of such assistance is likely to be larger than has so far been proposed, that in countries with limited testing ability slums provide one of the most effective places to target assistance, that the role of community groups in providing the assistance is difficult to exaggerate, and that philanthropy has a role to play in supporting innovation."}, {"pmid": 32506775, "title": "Back to the Basics: Propolis and COVID-19.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Bachevski, Dimitri", "Damevska, Katerina", "Simeonovski, Viktor", "Dimova, Maja"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506775", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313785, "pmcid": "PMC7164701", "title": "A Review of Salivary Diagnostics and Its Potential Implication in Detection of Covid-19.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Sri Santosh, Tatikonda", "Parmar, Reshu", "Anand, Hanish", "Srikanth, Konkati", "Saritha, Madham"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313785", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Saliva is an exocrine secretion produced from the salivary glands and has numerous functions, such as cleansing and protection of the oral cavity, antimicrobial effects and aids in digestion. Due to the speedy development in the field of salivaomics, saliva is now well accepted as a pool of biological markers that vary from changes in biochemicals, nucleic acids\u00a0and proteins to the microflora. Saliva has an immense potential as a diagnostic fluid and offers an edge over other biological fluids as its collection method does not require\u00a0invasive procedure, economical and\u00a0is useful for monitoring systemic health. Development of sensitive and precise salivary diagnostic tools and the formulation of defined guidelines following meticulous testing will allow salivary diagnostics to be utilised as chair side tests for various oral and systemic diseases in the near future. The coronavirus disease (Covid-19) pandemic is the biggest challenge and global health crisis for the world since World War Two. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of Covid-19 is crucial in controlling the outbreak in the community and in hospitals. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs are the recommended\u00a0specimen types for Covid-19 diagnostic testing. The collection of these specimen types requires close contact between healthcare workers and patients and\u00a0poses a risk of transmission of the virus, causes discomfort and may cause bleeding, especially in patients with condition such as thrombocytopenia. Hence, nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swabs are not desirable for sequential monitoring of viral load.\u00a0Saliva specimens can be obtained easily as the patient is asked to spit into a sterile bottle. The collection of saliva is non-invasive and greatly minimizes the exposure of healthcare workers to Covid-19. Saliva has a high consistency rate of greater than 90% with nasopharyngeal specimens in the detection of respiratory viruses, including coronaviruses. Saliva has also been used in screening respiratory viruses among hospitalized patients without pyrexia or respiratory symptoms. SARS-CoV can be detected in saliva at high titers. Salivary diagnostics is a dynamic field that is being incorporated as part of disease diagnosis, clinical monitoring of systemic health and to make significant clinical decisions for patient care. More research is required to analyze the potential diagnostic\u00a0of Covid-19 in saliva\u00a0to develop rapid chair side tests for the detection of Covid-19 and it is also pivotal to improve and develop successful strategies for prevention, especially for dentists and healthcare professionals who are involved in performing aerosol-generating procedures."}, {"pmid": 32292234, "pmcid": "PMC7138174", "title": "How to protect the protectors: 10 lessons to learn for doctors fighting the COVID-19 coronavirus.", "journal": "Med J Armed Forces India", "authors": ["Udwadia, Zarir F", "Raju, Reyma Sara"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292234", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275287, "title": "COVID-19 in Italy: impact of containment measures and prevalence estimates of infection in the general population.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Signorelli, Carlo", "Scognamiglio, Thea", "Odone, Anna"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275287", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy, the Italian Government implemented several restrictive measures to contain the spread of the infection. Data shows that, among these measures, the lockdown implemented as of 9 March had a positive impact, in particular\u00a0 the central and southern regions of Italy, while other actions appeared to be less effective. When the true prevalence of a disease is unknown, it is possible estimate it, based on mortality data and the assumptive case-fatality rate of the disease. Given these assumptions, the estimated period-prevalence of COVID-19 in Italy varies from 0.35% in Sicity to 13.3% in Lombardy."}, {"pmid": 32237278, "pmcid": "PMC7228321", "title": "Isolation and rapid sharing of the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) from the first patient diagnosed with COVID-19 in Australia.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Caly, Leon", "Druce, Julian", "Roberts, Jason", "Bond, Katherine", "Tran, Thomas", "Kostecki, Renata", "Yoga, Yano", "Naughton, William", "Taiaroa, George", "Seemann, Torsten", "Schultz, Mark B", "Howden, Benjamin P", "Korman, Tony M", "Lewin, Sharon R", "Williamson, Deborah A", "Catton, Mike G"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237278", "countries": ["China", "Australia"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the first isolation and sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in Australia and rapid sharing of the isolate. SARS-CoV-2 was isolated from a 58-year-old man from Wuhan, China who arrived in Melbourne on 19 January 2020 and was admitted to the Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne from the emergency department on 24 January 2020 with fever, cough, and progressive dyspnoea. Clinical course and laboratory features of the first reported case of COVID-19 (the illness caused by SARS-CoV-2) in Australia; isolation, whole genome sequencing, imaging, and rapid sharing of virus from the patient. A nasopharyngeal swab and sputum collected when the patient presented to hospital were each positive for SARS-CoV-2 (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction). Inoculation of Vero/hSLAM cells with material from the nasopharyngeal swab led to the isolation of SARS-CoV-2 virus in culture. Electron microscopy of the supernatant confirmed the presence of virus particles with morphology characteristic of viruses of the family Coronaviridae. Whole genome sequencing of the viral isolate and phylogenetic analysis indicated the isolate exhibited greater than 99.99% sequence identity with other publicly available SARS-CoV-2 genomes. Within 24 hours of isolation, the first Australian SARS-CoV-2 isolate was shared with local and overseas reference laboratories and major North American and European culture collections. The ability to rapidly identify, propagate, and internationally share our SARS-CoV-2 isolate is an important step in collaborative scientific efforts to deal effectively with this international public health emergency by developing better diagnostic procedures, vaccine candidates, and antiviral agents."}, {"pmid": 32173725, "pmcid": "PMC7184444", "title": "Clinical characteristics of refractory COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Mo, Pingzheng", "Xing, Yuanyuan", "Xiao, Yu", "Deng, Liping", "Zhao, Qiu", "Wang, Hongling", "Xiong, Yong", "Cheng, Zhenshun", "Gao, Shicheng", "Liang, Ke", "Luo, Mingqi", "Chen, Tielong", "Song, Shihui", "Ma, Zhiyong", "Chen, Xiaoping", "Zheng, Ruiying", "Cao, Qian", "Wang, Fan", "Zhang, Yongxi"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32173725", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)-infected pneumonia (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, and rapidly spread throughout China. This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of patients with refractory COVID-19. In this retrospective single-center study, we included 155 consecutive patients with confirmed COVID-19 in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from January 1st to February 5th. The cases were divided into general and refractory COVID-19 groups according to the clinical efficacy after hospitalization, and the difference between groups were compared. Compared with general COVID-19 patients (45.2%), refractory patients had an older age, male sex, more underlying comorbidities, lower incidence of fever, higher levels of maximum temperature among fever cases, higher incidence of breath shortness and anorexia, severer disease assessment on admission, high levels of neutrophil, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and C-reactive protein, lower levels of platelets and albumin, and higher incidence of bilateral pneumonia and pleural effusion (P<0.05). Refractory COVID-19 patients were more likely to receive oxygen, mechanical ventilation, expectorant, and adjunctive treatment including corticosteroid, antiviral drugs and immune enhancer (P<0.05). After adjustment, those with refractory COVID-19 were also more likely to have a male sex and manifestations of anorexia and fever on admission, and receive oxygen, expectorant and adjunctive agents (P<0.05) when considering the factors of disease severity on admission, mechanical ventilation, and ICU transfer. Nearly 50% COVID-19 patients could not reach obvious clinical and radiological remission within 10 days after hospitalization. The patients with male sex, anorexia and no fever on admission predicted poor efficacy."}, {"pmid": 32205090, "pmcid": "PMC7156133", "title": "Interrupting COVID-19 transmission by implementing enhanced traffic control bundling: Implications for global prevention and control efforts.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Yen, Muh-Yong", "Schwartz, Jonathan", "Chen, Shey-Ying", "King, Chwan-Chuen", "Yang, Guang-Yang", "Hsueh, Po-Ren"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205090", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We argue that enhanced Traffic Control Bundling (eTCB) can interrupt the community-hospital-community transmission cycle, thereby limiting COVID-19's impact. Enhanced TCB is an expansion of the traditional TCB that proved highly effective during Taiwan's 2003 SARS outbreak. TCB's success derived from ensuring that Health Care Workers (HCWs) and patients were protected from fomite, contact and droplet transmission within hospitals. Although TCB proved successful during SARS, achieving a similar level of success with the COVID-19 outbreak requires adapting TCB to the unique manifestations of this new disease. These manifestations include asymptomatic infection, a hyper-affinity to ACE2 receptors resulting in high transmissibility, false negatives, and an incubation period of up to 22 days. Enhanced TCB incorporates the necessary adaptations. In particular, eTCB includes expanding the TCB transition zone to incorporate a new sector - the quarantine ward. This ward houses patients exhibiting atypical manifestations or awaiting definitive diagnosis. A second adaptation involves enhancing the checkpoint hand disinfection and gowning up with Personal Protective Equipment deployed in traditional TCB. Under eTCB, checkpoint hand disinfection and donning of face masks are now required of all visitors who seek to enter hospitals. These enhancements ensure that transmissions by droplets, fomites and contact are disrupted both within hospitals and between hospitals and the broader community. Evidencing eTCB effectiveness is Taiwan's success to date in containing and controlling the community-hospital-community transmission cycle."}, {"pmid": 32305087, "pmcid": "PMC7162639", "title": "COVID-19 exacerbating inequalities in the US.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Dorn, Aaron van", "Cooney, Rebecca E", "Sabin, Miriam L"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305087", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428372, "title": "Overview of transnational recommendations for COVID-19 transmission control in dental care settings.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Jamal, Mohamed", "Shah, Maanas", "Almarzooqi, Sameeha Husain", "Aber, Hend", "Khawaja, Summayah", "El Abed, Rashid", "Alkhatib, Zuhair", "Samaranayake, Lakshman Perera"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428372", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) as a pandemic. Until an effective treatment or a vaccine is developed, the current recommendations are to contain the disease, and control its transmission. It is now clear that the primary mode of SARS-CoV-2 transmission is aerosol/droplet spread, and by contacting virus-contaminated surfaces acting as fomites (inanimate vectors). Furthermore, recent data indicate that the live virus particles are present in saliva, and, more alarmingly, asymptomatic individuals may transmit the infection. By virtue of the nature of the practice of dentistry where intrinsically, a high volume of aerosols is produced, as well as the close proximity of dentists and patients during treatment, dentists and allied health staff are considered the highest risk health professional group for acquiring SARS-CoV-2 during patient management. Therefore, several organizations and specialty associations have proposed guidelines and recommendations for limiting the transmission of SARS-COV-2 from carriers to dentists and vice versa. This paper aims to provide a review of these guidelines, and concludes with a brief look at how the practice of dentistry may be impacted by COVID-19, in the post-pandemic era."}, {"pmid": 32531619, "title": "Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in COVID-19. First reports of Latin-American ethnic patients.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Chiesa-Estomba, Carlos M", "Lechien, Jerome R", "Portillo-Mazal, Patricia", "Martinez, Federico", "Cuauro-Sanchez, Jesus", "Calvo-Henriquez, Christian", "Saussez, Sven"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531619", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32105610, "pmcid": "PMC7159275", "title": "Scientists are sprinting to outpace the novel coronavirus.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Ghebreyesus, Tedros Adhanom", "Swaminathan, Soumya"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32105610", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350134, "pmcid": "PMC7245089", "title": "Effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with tocilizumab.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Xu, Xiaoling", "Han, Mingfeng", "Li, Tiantian", "Sun, Wei", "Wang, Dongsheng", "Fu, Binqing", "Zhou, Yonggang", "Zheng, Xiaohu", "Yang, Yun", "Li, Xiuyong", "Zhang, Xiaohua", "Pan, Aijun", "Wei, Haiming"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350134", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After analyzing the immune characteristics of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we have identified that pathogenic T cells and inflammatory monocytes with large amount of interleukin 6 secreting may incite the inflammatory storm, which may potentially be curbed through monoclonal antibody that targets the IL-6 pathways. Here, we aimed to assess the efficacy of tocilizumab in severe patients with COVID-19 and seek a therapeutic strategy. The patients diagnosed as severe or critical COVID-19 in The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital) and Anhui Fuyang Second People's Hospital were given tocilizumab in addition to routine therapy between 5 and 14 February 2020. The changes of clinical manifestations, computerized tomography (CT) scan image, and laboratory examinations were retrospectively analyzed. Fever returned to normal on the first day, and other symptoms improved remarkably within a few days. Within 5 d after tocilizumab, 15 of the 20 patients (75.0%) had lowered their oxygen intake, and 1 patient needed no oxygen therapy. CT scans manifested that the lung lesion opacity absorbed in 19 patients (90.5%). The percentage of lymphocytes in peripheral blood, which decreased in 85.0% of patients (17/20) before treatment (mean, 15.52 \u00b1 8.89%), returned to normal in 52.6% of patients (10/19) on the fifth day after treatment. Abnormally elevated C-reactive protein decreased significantly in 84.2% of patients (16/19). No obvious adverse reactions were observed. All patients have been discharged on average 15.1 d after giving tocilizumab. Preliminary data show that tocilizumab, which improved the clinical outcome immediately in severe and critical COVID-19 patients, is an effective treatment to reduce mortality."}, {"pmid": 32368755, "pmcid": "PMC7196388", "title": "A Recovered Case of COVID-19 Myocarditis and ARDS Treated with Corticosteroids, Tocilizumab, and Experimental AT-001.", "journal": "JACC Case Rep", "authors": ["Coyle, Justin", "Igbinomwanhia, Efehi", "Sanchez-Nadales, Alejandro", "Danciu, Sorin", "Chu, Chae", "Shah, Nishit"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368755", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe the case of a critically-ill patient with myocarditis and severe ARDS related to COVID-19 infection. This case highlights management strategies including the use of corticosteroids, an IL-6 inhibitor, and an aldose reductase inhibitor resulting in complete clinical recovery."}, {"pmid": 32292054, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a 2-Week-Old Male With Neutropenia.", "journal": "Clin Pediatr (Phila)", "authors": ["Patek, Paul", "Corcoran, John", "Adams, Lauren", "Khandhar, Paras"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292054", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380508, "title": "Neonatal emergency transport system during COVID-19 pandemic in the Veneto Region: proposal for standard operating procedures.", "journal": "Pediatr Res", "authors": ["Cavicchiolo, Maria Elena", "Doglioni, Nicoletta", "Ventola, Mariela Adriana", "Biban, Paolo", "Baraldi, Eugenio", "Trevisanuto, Daniele"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380508", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525801, "title": "The impact of COVID-19 on Canadian urology residents.", "journal": "Can Urol Assoc J", "authors": ["Chan, Ernest Pang", "Stringer, Leandra", "Wang, Peter Z T", "Dave, Sumit", "Campbell, Jeffrey D"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525801", "countries": ["Canada"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32266375, "pmcid": "PMC7184336", "title": "Inquiring into Benefits of Independent Activation of Non-Classical Renin-Angiotensin System in the Clinical Prognosis and Reduction of COVID-19 mortality.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Alvarez-Aragon, Luis Miguel", "Cuesta-Munoz, Antonio Luis", "Alvarez-Lopez, Inmaculada"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266375", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408730, "title": "Korean clinical practice guidelines for preventing transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in hemodialysis facilities.", "journal": "Kidney Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Park, Hayne Cho", "Kim, Do Hyoung", "Yoo, Kyung Don", "Kim, Yang-Gyun", "Lee, Sang-Ho", "Yoon, Hye Eun", "Kim, Dong Ki", "Kim, Seong Nam", "Kim, Myeong Sung", "Jung, Yoon Chul", "Kim, Yon Su", "Lee, Young-Ki"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408730", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious viral disease that is caused by the novel virus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 has become pandemic since December 2019, when the first case developed in Wuhan, China. Patients receiving hemodialysis are more vulnerable to viral transmission because their immune functions are impaired and they receive treatment within a narrow space. Calling on previous experience with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome during the 2015 outbreak, the joint committee of the Korean Society of Nephrology and the Korean Society of Dialysis Therapy quickly formed a COVID-19 task force team to develop a manual before the first index case was diagnosed in the hemodialysis unit. This special article introduces clinical practice guidelines to prevent secondary transmission of COVID-19 within hemodialysis facilities, which were developed to protect patients, healthcare workers, and caregivers from this highly transmissible virus. The areas of infection control covered by these guidelines include standard precautions, performing dialysis therapy for confirmed or suspected cases, performing cohort isolation for contact patients, and disease monitoring and contact surveillance. We hope these guidelines help healthcare workers and hemodialysis patients around the world cope with the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32192582, "pmcid": "PMC7158917", "title": "Preparedness is essential for malaria-endemic regions during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Wang, Jigang", "Xu, Chengchao", "Wong, Yin Kwan", "He, Yingke", "Adegnika, Ayola A", "Kremsner, Peter G", "Agnandji, Selidji T", "Sall, Amadou A", "Liang, Zhen", "Qiu, Chen", "Liao, Fu Long", "Jiang, Tingliang", "Krishna, Sanjeev", "Tu, Youyou"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192582", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379957, "title": "Audio Interview: Studying Potential Covid-19 Therapies.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubin, Eric J", "Baden, Lindsey R", "Morrissey, Stephen"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379957", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464109, "pmcid": "PMC7177131", "title": "Enfermedad Por Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) y Mas Alla: Micropracticas Para la Prevencion Del Agotamiento Emocional y Promover el Bienestar Emocional.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Fessell, David", "Cherniss, Cary"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464109", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32077659, "title": "[Exploring the mechanism of liver enzyme abnormalities in patients with novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi", "authors": ["Guan, G W", "Gao, L", "Wang, J W", "Wen, X J", "Mao, T H", "Peng, S W", "Zhang, T", "Chen, X M", "Lu, F M"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32077659", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To explore and analyze the possible mechanism of liver injury in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (novel coronavirus pneumonia, NCP). Methods: The correlation between ALT, AST and other liver enzyme changes condition and NCP patients' disease status reported in the literature was comprehensively analyzed. ACE2 expression in liver tissue for novel coronavirus was analyzed based on single cell sequencing (GSE115469) data. RNA-Seq method was used to analyze Ace2 expression and transcription factors related to its expression in liver tissues at various time-points after hepatectomy in mouse model of acute liver injury with partial hepatectomy. t-test or Spearman rank correlation analysis was used for statistical analysis. Results: ALT and AST were abnormally elevated in some patients with novel coronavirus infection, and the rate and extent of ALT and AST elevation in severe NCP patients were higher than those in non-severe patients. Liver tissue results of single cell sequencing and immunohistochemistry showed that ACE2 was only expressed in bile duct epithelial cells of normal liver tissues, and very low in hepatocytes. In a mouse model of acute liver injury with partial hepatectomy, Ace2 expression was down-regulated on the first day, but it was elevated up to twice of the normal level on the third day, and returned to normal level on seventh day when the liver recovered and hepatocyte proliferation stopped. Whether this phenomenon suggests that the bile duct epithelial cells with positive expression of Ace2 participate in the process of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy deserves further study. In RNA-Seq data, 77 transcription factors were positively correlated with the expression of Ace2 (r > 0.2, FDR < 0.05), which were mainly enriched in the development, differentiation, morphogenesis and cell proliferation of glandular epithelial cells. Conclusion: We assumed that in addition to the over activated inflammatory response in patients with NCP, the up-regulation of ACE2 expression in liver tissue caused by compensatory proliferation of hepatocytes derived from bile duct epithelial cells may also be the possible mechanism of liver tissue injury caused by 2019 novel coronavirus infection."}, {"pmid": 32425233, "pmcid": "PMC7233251", "title": "Leadership During Crisis: Lessons and Applications from the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Kaul, Vivek", "Shah, Vijay H", "El-Serag, Hashem"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425233", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371272, "pmcid": "PMC7195601", "title": "COVID-19 prevention and control strategies for psychiatric hospitals.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Li, Chao", "Zhao, Wenjing", "He, Changjiu", "Wu, Dongmei", "Yue, Yuchuan", "Chen, Yong"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371272", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532802, "title": "The impact of COVID-19 and strategies for mitigation and suppression in low- and middle-income countries.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Walker, Patrick G T", "Whittaker, Charles", "Watson, Oliver J", "Baguelin, Marc", "Winskill, Peter", "Hamlet, Arran", "Djafaara, Bimandra A", "Cucunuba, Zulma", "Olivera Mesa, Daniela", "Green, Will", "Thompson, Hayley", "Nayagam, Shevanthi", "Ainslie, Kylie E C", "Bhatia, Sangeeta", "Bhatt, Samir", "Boonyasiri, Adhiratha", "Boyd, Olivia", "Brazeau, Nicholas F", "Cattarino, Lorenzo", "Cuomo-Dannenburg, Gina", "Dighe, Amy", "Donnelly, Christl A", "Dorigatti, Ilaria", "van Elsland, Sabine L", "FitzJohn, Rich", "Fu, Han", "Gaythorpe, Katy A M", "Geidelberg, Lily", "Grassly, Nicholas", "Haw, David", "Hayes, Sarah", "Hinsley, Wes", "Imai, Natsuko", "Jorgensen, David", "Knock, Edward", "Laydon, Daniel", "Mishra, Swapnil", "Nedjati-Gilani, Gemma", "Okell, Lucy C", "Unwin, H Juliette", "Verity, Robert", "Vollmer, Michaela", "Walters, Caroline E", "Wang, Haowei", "Wang, Yuanrong", "Xi, Xiaoyue", "Lalloo, David G", "Ferguson, Neil M", "Ghani, Azra C"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532802", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic poses a severe threat to public health worldwide. We combine data on demography, contact patterns, disease severity, and health care capacity and quality to understand its impact and inform strategies for its control. Younger populations in lower income countries may reduce overall risk but limited health system capacity coupled with closer inter-generational contact largely negates this benefit. Mitigation strategies that slow but do not interrupt transmission will still lead to COVID-19 epidemics rapidly overwhelming health systems, with substantial excess deaths in lower income countries due to the poorer health care available. Of countries that have undertaken suppression to date, lower income countries have acted earlier. However, this will need to be maintained or triggered more frequently in these settings to keep below available health capacity, with associated detrimental consequences for the wider health, well-being and economies of these countries."}, {"pmid": 32387170, "pmcid": "PMC7199693", "title": "Managing food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: Expert recommendations.", "journal": "Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol", "authors": ["Nowak-Wegrzyn, Anna", "Cianferoni, Antonella", "Bird, J A", "Fiocchi, Alessandro", "Caubet, Jean Christoph"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387170", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504123, "pmcid": "PMC7274515", "title": "COVID-19 research: toxicological input urgently needed!", "journal": "Arch Toxicol", "authors": ["Esser, Charlotte", "Hochrath, Katrin", "Schikowski, Tamara", "Haarmann-Stemmann, Thomas"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504123", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514207, "pmcid": "PMC7265935", "title": "Mortality surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Bull World Health Organ", "authors": ["Setel, Philip", "AbouZahr, Carla", "Atuheire, Emily B", "Bratschi, Martin", "Cercone, Emily", "Chinganya, Oliver", "Clapham, Benjamin", "Clark, Samuel J", "Congdon, Carlie", "de Savigny, Don", "Karpati, Adam", "Nichols, Erin", "Jakob, Robert", "Mwanza, James", "Muhwava, William", "Nahmias, Petra", "Ortiz, Elizabeth M", "Tshangela, Akhona"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514207", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369621, "pmcid": "PMC7267145", "title": "How to Reorganize an Ear, Nose, and Throat Outpatient Service During the COVID-19 Outbreak: Report From Northern Italy.", "journal": "Laryngoscope", "authors": ["De Bernardi, Francesca", "Turri-Zanoni, Mario", "Battaglia, Paolo", "Castelnuovo, Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369621", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459557, "title": "Reply to Re: COVID-19 and the Urology Match: Perspectives and a Call to Action.", "journal": "J Urol", "authors": ["Gabrielson, Andrew T", "Kohn, Taylor P", "Clifton, Marisa M"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459557", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392643, "title": "Management of Traumatic Spinal Fracture in Patient with Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Asian Spine J", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392643", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276846, "pmcid": "PMC7141464", "title": "Challenges in paediatric inflammatory bowel diseases in the COVID-19 time.", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Dipasquale, Valeria", "Cucchiara, Salvatore", "Martinelli, Massimo", "Miele, Erasmo", "Aloi, Marina", "Romano, Claudio"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276846", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303430, "pmcid": "PMC7152906", "title": "Asymptomatic case of Covid-19 in an infant with cystic fibrosis.", "journal": "J Cyst Fibros", "authors": ["Poli, Piercarlo", "Timpano, Silviana", "Goffredo, Martina", "Padoan, Rita", "Badolato, Raffaele"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303430", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379040, "pmcid": "PMC7204999", "title": "All Hands on Deck: Learning to \"Un-specialize\" in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Hosp Med", "authors": ["Cram, Peter", "Anderson, Mel L", "Shaughnessy, Erin E"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379040", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329102, "pmcid": "PMC7264512", "title": "Application of a portable instrument for rapid and reliable detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in any environment.", "journal": "Immunol Rev", "authors": ["Martinelli, Federico", "Perrone, Anna", "Della Noce, Isabella", "Colombo, Lorenzo", "Lo Priore, Stefano", "Romano, Simone"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329102", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing outbreak of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection is creating serious challenges for health laboratories that seek to identify viral infections as early as possible, optimally at the earliest appearance of symptom. Indeed, there is urgent need to develop and deploy robust diagnostic methodologies not only to use in health laboratory environments but also directly in places where humans circulate and spread the virus such as airports, trains, boats, and any public aggregation places. The success of a reliable and sensitive asymptomatic diagnosis relies on the identification and measurement of informative biomarkers from human host and virus in a rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive manner. The objective of this article is to describe an innovative multidisciplinary approach to develop an efficient, inexpensive, and easy-to-use portable instrument (bCUBE\u00ae by Hyris Ltd) that can be employed as a surveillance system for the emergency caused by SARS-CoV-2. A solution for Coronavirus testing, compliant with CDC guidelines, is scheduled to be released in the next weeks. In addition, we will describe a workflow and path of an integrated multi-omic approach that will lead to host and pathogen biomarker discovery in order to train the instrument to provide reliable results based on a specific biomarker's fingerprint of SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32449876, "title": "COVID-19: an unprecedented pandemia with a potential arrhythmic undertone.", "journal": "Postgrad Med", "authors": ["Lopez-Candales, Angel", "Mounsey, J Paul"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449876", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Data has shown that intense impact events such as large magnitude earthquakes and the US terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 have shown us that unforeseen catastrophic events are followed by a significant increase of ventricular arrhythmias (VA) and sudden cardiac death (SCD). We are concerned that similarly, the recent COVID-19 pandemia that not only has dismantled our way of living, in a matter of weeks, but also has challenged all of us beyond our abilities might be also related to an increase in prevalence of VA and SCD. In addition to such provocative suggestions raise in this article we want to convey the message that we must remain vigilant long after we have silenced COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32508393, "pmcid": "PMC7264571", "title": "Divided in a connected world: Reflections on COVID 19 from Hong Kong.", "journal": "City Soc (Wash)", "authors": ["Zhang, Jun"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508393", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32209559, "title": "Doctors' wellbeing: self-care during the covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Unadkat, Shreena", "Farquhar, Michael"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209559", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32200400, "title": "Rapid Progression to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Review of Current Understanding of Critical Illness from COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Ann Acad Med Singapore", "authors": ["Goh, Ken J", "Choong, Mindy Cm", "Cheong, Elizabeth Ht", "Kalimuddin, Shirin", "Duu Wen, Sewa", "Phua, Ghee Chee", "Chan, Kian Sing", "Haja Mohideen, Salahudeen"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32200400", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak that started in Wuhan, Hubei province, China in December 2019 has now extended across the globe with >100,000 cases and 3,000 deaths reported in 93 countries as of 7 March 2020. We report a case of COVID-19 infection in a 64-year-old man who developed rapidly worsening respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that required intubation. As the clinical spectrum of COVID-19 ranges widely from mild illness to ARDS with a high risk of mortality, there is a need for more research to identify early markers of disease severity. Current evidence suggests that patients with advanced age, pre-existing comorbidities or dyspnoea should be closely monitored, especially at 1-2 weeks after symptom onset. It remains to be seen if laboratory findings such as lymphopenia or elevated lactate dehydrogenase may serve as early surrogates for critical illness or markers of disease recovery. Management of ARDS in COVID-19 remains supportive while we await results of drug trials. More studies are needed to understand the incidence and outcomes of ARDS and critical illness from COVID-19, which will be important for critical care management and resource planning."}, {"pmid": 32283235, "pmcid": "PMC7151475", "title": "Reply to: \"Various forms of skin rash in COVID-19: Petechial rash in a patient with COVID-19 infection\".", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283235", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445257, "title": "Covid Musings.", "journal": "Environ Toxicol Chem", "authors": ["Stahl, Ralph G Jr"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445257", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many of us have watched scientists, health professionals and policy makers debate, and struggle on how to manage the Covid-19 pandemic. In that context, I've thought about what lessons I've learned from SETAC and my training as a scientist, and how they are relevant to this pandemic. Below are my three main points. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32325742, "pmcid": "PMC7221944", "title": "Advances on Antiviral Activity of Morus spp. Plant Extracts: Human Coronavirus and Virus-Related Respiratory Tract Infections in the Spotlight.", "journal": "Molecules", "authors": ["Thabti, Ines", "Albert, Quentin", "Philippot, Stephanie", "Dupire, Francois", "Westerhuis, Brenda", "Fontanay, Stephane", "Risler, Arnaud", "Kassab, Thomas", "Elfalleh, Walid", "Aferchichi, Ali", "Varbanov, Mihayl"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325742", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "(1) Background: Viral respiratory infections cause life-threatening diseases in millions of people worldwide every year. Human coronavirus and several picornaviruses are responsible for worldwide epidemic outbreaks, thus representing a heavy burden to their hosts. In the absence of specific treatments for human viral infections, natural products offer an alternative in terms of innovative drug therapies. (2) Methods: We analyzed the antiviral properties of the leaves and stem bark of the mulberry tree (Morus spp.). We compared the antiviral activity of Morus spp. on enveloped and nonenveloped viral pathogens, such as human coronavirus (HCoV 229E) and different members of the Picornaviridae family-human poliovirus 1, human parechovirus 1 and 3, and human echovirus 11. The antiviral activity of 12 water and water-alcohol plant extracts of the leaves and stem bark of three different species of mulberry-Morus alba var. alba, Morus alba var. rosa, and Morus rubra-were evaluated. We also evaluated the antiviral activities of kuwanon G against HCoV-229E. (3) Results: Our results showed that several extracts reduced the viral titer and cytopathogenic effects (CPE). Leaves' water-alcohol extracts exhibited maximum antiviral activity on human coronavirus, while stem bark and leaves' water and water-alcohol extracts were the most effective on picornaviruses. (4) Conclusions: The analysis of the antiviral activities of Morus spp. offer promising applications in antiviral strategies."}, {"pmid": 32457213, "title": "COVID-19 in Children and the Dynamics of Infection in Families.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Posfay-Barbe, Klara M", "Wagner, Noemie", "Gauthey, Magali", "Moussaoui, Dehlia", "Loevy, Natasha", "Diana, Alessandro", "L'Huillier, Arnaud G"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457213", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491982, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 RNA Detection on Disposable Wooden Chopsticks, Hong Kong.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lui, Grace", "Lai, Christopher K C", "Chen, Zigui", "Tong, Sylvia L Y", "Ho, Wendy C S", "Yeung, Apple C M", "Boon, Siaw S", "Ng, Rita W Y", "Chan, Paul K S"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491982", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We detected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA on disposable wooden chopsticks used by 5 consecutive asymptomatic and postsymptomatic patients admitted for isolation and care at our hospital. Although we did not assess virus viability, our findings may suggest potential for transmission through shared eating utensils."}, {"pmid": 32503814, "title": "COVID-19: The Potential Role of Copper and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in a Combination of Candidate Antiviral Treatments Against SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "In Vivo", "authors": ["Andreou, Andri", "Trantza, Sofia", "Filippou, Demetrios", "Sipsas, Nikolaos", "Tsiodras, Sotirios"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503814", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) a pandemic. Since then, thousands of people have suffered and died, making the need for a treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) more crucial than ever. The authors carried out a search in PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov and New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) for COVID-19 to provide information on the most promising treatments against SARS-CoV-2. Possible COVID-19 agents with promising efficacy and favorable safety profile were identified. The results support the combination of copper, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), colchicine and nitric oxide (NO) with candidate antiviral agents, remdesivir or EIDD-2801, as a treatment for patients positive for SARS-CoV-2. The authors propose to study the effects of the combination of copper, NAC, colchicine, NO and currently used experimental antiviral agents, remdesivir or EIDD-2801, as a potential treatment scheme for SARS-COV-2."}, {"pmid": 32497808, "pmcid": "PMC7264933", "title": "COVID-19 Outbreak in Malaysia: Actions Taken by the Malaysian Government.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Shah, Ain Umaira Md", "Safri, Syafiqah Nur Azrie", "Thevadas, Rathedevi", "Noordin, Nor Kamariah", "Rahman, Azmawani Abd", "Sekawi, Zamberi", "Ideris, Aini", "Sultan, Mohamed Thariq Hameed"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497808", "countries": ["China", "Thailand", "Malaysia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, a novel pneumonia disease originated from Wuhan, was confirmed by World Health Organization on 12th January 2020 before becoming an outbreak in all countries. A stringent screening process in all airports had been enforced after the first case outside China was reported in Thailand. Up to 14th April 2020, Malaysia reported two waves of COVID-19 cases, which the first wave was successfully ended in less than two months. In early March 2020, the second wave arose with worrying situations. Malaysia government enforced the Movement Control Order starting from 18th March 2020 to seriously break the chain of COVID-19. Media actively spread the hashtag #stayhome. Non-governmental organizations including prison inmates were the earliest to sew personal protective equipment to frontliners. Various organizations hosted fund raising to provide essentials mainly to hospitals. Provisional hospital was set up, collaborations with healthcare service providers were granted while additional laboratories were assigned in enhancing the proficiency of Ministry of Health. Initial financial stimulus amount RM 20.0 billion was released in February 2020 before the highlighted PRIHATIN package, amount RM 250 billion was announced. The PRIHATIN package was an all-inclusive support from the government to society in various backgrounds from students, families to business owners."}, {"pmid": 32408804, "title": "Perspective on COVID-19: Finally, Telemedicine at Center Stage.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Latifi, Rifat", "Doarn, Charles R"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408804", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                    The new world order caused by COVID-19 virus, associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome, multiple organ failure, and very high mortality, has brought about many changes to our world. Suddenly, the medical community, and those who finance the health care sector, realized that telemedicine and telepresence are applicable, desirable, acceptable, and much sought after by our patients and we can manage just about every disease and condition. Although, by and large, telemedicine has faced challenges and perhaps some resistance, despite its great potential, it has become evident that telemedicine can provide rapid, safe, and high-quality care remotely during this pandemic, the largest one since 1918. Perhaps one benefit of suffering through the COVID-19 pandemic will be the establishment of a new virtual medical world order, and that telemedicine has taken its deserving place in health care: prime time and a center stage.\n                "}, {"pmid": 32330542, "pmcid": "PMC7172665", "title": "A Call for Rapid Submission of Data for Aggregate Review: Can Daily Radiotherapy Imaging Be Used as a Potential Screen for Coronavirus Disease 2019?", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Warren, Graham W", "Adjei, Alex A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330542", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328576, "pmcid": "PMC7167497", "title": "Can early and high intravenous dose of vitamin C prevent and treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)?", "journal": "Med Drug Discov", "authors": ["Cheng, Richard Z"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328576", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475022, "title": "Management of breast cancer in an EUSOMA-accredited Breast Unit in Lombardy, Italy, during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Breast J", "authors": ["Corsi, Fabio", "Caruso, Annalisa", "Albasini, Sara", "Bossi, Daniela", "Polizzi, Andrea", "Piccotti, Francesca", "Truffi, Marta"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475022", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447736, "pmcid": "PMC7244936", "title": "Lack of Efficacy of SGLT2-i in Severe Pneumonia Related to Novel Coronavirus (nCoV) Infection: No Little Help from Our Friends.", "journal": "Diabetes Ther", "authors": ["Bossi, Antonio Carlo", "Forloni, Franco", "Colombelli, Paolo Luigi"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447736", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374358, "title": "Privileges and Immunity Certification During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Hall, Mark A", "Studdert, David M"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374358", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458739, "title": "Social Work Response Needed to the Challenge of COVID-19 for Aging People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilties.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["McCallion, Philip"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458739", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462940, "title": "Characteristics of Children With Reactivation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection After Hospital Discharge.", "journal": "Clin Pediatr (Phila)", "authors": ["Zhao, Wenpeng", "Wang, Yu", "Tang, Yanfen", "Zhao, Wen", "Fan, Ying", "Liu, Gang", "Chen, Rongqian", "Song, Rui", "Zhou, Wenyan", "Liu, Yanyan", "Zhang, Fujie"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462940", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363133, "pmcid": "PMC7195610", "title": "The Inadequacy of Regulatory Frameworks in Time of Crisis and in Low-Resource Settings: Personal Protective Equipment and COVID-19.", "journal": "Health Technol (Berl)", "authors": ["Pecchia, Leandro", "Piaggio, Davide", "Maccaro, Alessia", "Formisano, Claudio", "Iadanza, Ernesto"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363133", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic is plaguing the world and representing the most significant stress test for many national healthcare systems and services, since their foundation. The supply-chain disruption and the unprecedented request for intensive care unit (ICU) beds have created in Europe conditions typical of low-resources settings. This generated a remarkable race to find solutions for the prevention, treatment and management of this disease which is involving a large amount of people. Every day, new Do-It-Yourself (DIY) solutions regarding personal protective equipment and medical devices populate social media feeds. Many companies (e.g., automotive or textile) are converting their traditional production to manufacture the most needed equipment (e.g., respirators, face shields, ventilators etc.). In this chaotic scenario, policy makers, international and national standards bodies, along with the World Health Organization (WHO) and scientific societies are making a joint effort to increase global awareness and knowledge about the importance of respecting the relevant requirements to guarantee appropriate quality and safety for patients and healthcare workers. Nonetheless, ordinary procedures for testing and certification are currently questioned and empowered with fast-track pathways in order to speed-up the deployment of new solutions for COVID-19. This paper shares critical reflections on the current regulatory framework for the certification of personal protective equipment. We hope that these reflections may help readers in navigating the framework of regulations, norms and international standards relevant for key personal protective equipment, sharing a subset of tests that should be deemed essential even in a period of crisis."}, {"pmid": 32408222, "pmcid": "PMC7198437", "title": "Deep learning-based multi-view fusion model for screening 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia: A multicentre study.", "journal": "Eur J Radiol", "authors": ["Wu, Xiangjun", "Hui, Hui", "Niu, Meng", "Li, Liang", "Wang, Li", "He, Bingxi", "Yang, Xin", "Li, Li", "Li, Hongjun", "Tian, Jie", "Zha, Yunfei"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408222", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To develop a deep learning-based method to assist radiologists to fast and accurately identify patients with COVID-19 by CT images. We retrospectively collected chest CT images of 495 patients from three hospitals in China. 495 datasets were randomly divided into 395 cases (80%, 294 of COVID-19, 101 of other pneumonia) of the training set, 50 cases (10%, 37 of COVID-19, 13 of other pneumonia) of the validation set and 50 cases (10%, 37 of COVID-19, 13 of other pneumonia) of the testing set. We trained a multi-view fusion model using deep learning network to screen patients with COVID-19 using CT images with the maximum lung regions in axial, coronal and sagittal views. The performance of the proposed model was evaluated by both the validation and testing sets. The multi-view deep learning fusion model achieved the area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.732, accuracy of 0.700, sensitivity of 0.730 and specificity of 0.615 in validation set. In the testing set, we can achieve AUC, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 0.819, 0.760, 0.811 and 0.615 respectively. Based on deep learning method, the proposed diagnosis model trained on multi-view images of chest CT images showed great potential to improve the efficacy of diagnosis and mitigate the heavy workload of radiologists for the initial screening of COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32358228, "title": "The Imperative of Early Treatment for Children with COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Elenga, Narcisse"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358228", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407258, "title": "COVID-19-Associated Leukoencephalopathy.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Sachs, Jeffrey R", "Gibbs, Kevin W", "Swor, Dionne E", "Sweeney, Adam P", "Williams, Daniel W", "Burdette, Jonathan H", "West, Thomas G", "Geer, Carol P"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407258", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464586, "pmcid": "PMC7245286", "title": "Favorable outcome after COVID-19 infection in a multiple sclerosis patient initiated on ocrelizumab during the pandemic.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Ghajarzadeh, Mahsa", "Mirmosayyeb, Omid", "Barzegar, Mahdi", "Nehzat, Nasim", "Vaheb, Saeed", "Shaygannejad, Vahid", "Maghzi, Amir-Hadi"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464586", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336957, "pmcid": "PMC7171442", "title": "Combination of Biodata Mining and Computational Modelling in Identification and Characterization of ORF1ab Polyprotein of SARS-CoV-2 Isolated from Oronasopharynx of an Iranian Patient.", "journal": "Biol Proced Online", "authors": ["Zolfaghari Emameh, Reza", "Nosrati, Hassan", "Taheri, Ramezan Ali"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336957", "countries": ["China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging zoonotic viral infection, which was started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and transmitted to other countries worldwide as a pandemic outbreak. Iran is one of the top ranked countries in the tables of COVID-19-infected and -mortality cases that make the Iranian patients as the potential targets for diversity of studies including epidemiology, biomedical, biodata, and viral proteins computational modelling studies. In this study, we applied bioinformatic biodata mining methods to detect CDS and protein sequences of ORF1ab polyprotein of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from oronasopharynx of an Iranian patient. Then through the computational modelling and antigenicity prediction approaches, the identified polyprotein sequence was analyzed. The results revealed that the identified ORF1ab polyprotein belongs to a part of nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) with the high antigenicity residues in a glycine-proline or hydrophobic amino acid rich domain. The results revealed that nsp1 as a virulence factor and crucial agent in spreading of the COVID-19 among the society can be a potential target for the future epidemiology, drug, and vaccine studies."}, {"pmid": 32531860, "title": "Papular-Purpuric Exanthem in a COVID-19 Patient: Clinical and Dermoscopic Description.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Larrondo, J", "Cabrera, R", "Gosch, M", "Larrondo, F", "Aylwin, M", "Castro, A"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531860", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global health concern associated with a broad spectrum of clinical presentations. Cutaneous lesions in COVID-19 are still under continuous study. We report a case of COVID-19 (+) patient with late-onset cutaneous rash associated with a systemic inflammatory response during the second hospitalization."}, {"pmid": 32319218, "pmcid": "PMC7264518", "title": "A Case of SARS-CoV-2-pneumonia with successful antiviral therapy in a 77-year-old male with heart transplant.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Mathies, D", "Rauschning, D", "Wagner, U", "Mueller, F", "Maibaum, M", "Binnemann, C", "Waldeck, S", "Thinnes, K", "Braun, M", "Schmidbauer, W", "Hagen, R M", "Bickel, C"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319218", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 infection can be seen as a single disease, but it also affects patients with relevant comorbidities who may have an increased risk of a severe course of infection. In this report, we present a 77-year-old patient with a heart transplant receiving relevant immunosuppressive therapy who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 after several days of dyspnea, dry cough, and light general symptoms. Computed tomography confirmed interstitial pneumonia. The patient received antiviral therapy with hydroxychloroquine and showed no further deterioration of the clinical state. After 12\u00a0days of hospitalization, the patient was released; he was SARS-CoV-2 negative and completely asymptomatic."}, {"pmid": 32496545, "title": "Challenge Trials-Could Deliberate Coronavirus Exposure Hasten Vaccine Development?", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Rubin, Rita"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496545", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238612, "pmcid": "PMC7182738", "title": "Novel Coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) Infection: Part I - Preparedness and Management in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in Resource-limited Settings.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Ravikumar, Namita", "Nallasamy, Karthi", "Bansal, Arun", "Angurana, Suresh Kumar", "Basavaraja, G V", "Sundaram, Manu", "Lodha, Rakesh", "Gupta, Dhiren", "Jayashree, Muralidharan"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238612", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "First reported in China, the 2019 novel coronavirus has been spreading across the globe. Till 26 March, 2020, 416,686 cases have been diagnosed and 18,589 have died the world over. The coronavirus disease mainly starts with a respiratory illness and about 5-16% require intensive care management for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ dysfunction. Children account for about 1-2% of the total cases, and 6% of these fall under severe or critical category requiring pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) care. Diagnosis involves a combination of clinical and epidemiological features with laboratory confirmation. Preparedness strategies for managing this pandemic are the need of the hour, and involve setting up cohort ICUs with isolation rooms. Re-allocation of resources in managing this crisis involves careful planning, halting elective surgeries and training of healthcare workers. Strict adherence to infection control like personal protective equipment and disinfection is the key to contain the disease transmission. Although many therapies have been tried in various regions, there is a lack of strong evidence to recommend anti-virals or immunomodulatory drugs."}, {"pmid": 32171807, "pmcid": "PMC7156807", "title": "Occupational skin disease among health care workers during the coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Elston, Dirk M"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171807", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438934, "title": "PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING AMONG OLDER ADULTS DURING THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE YOUNG-OLD AND THE OLD-OLD ADULTS.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Lopez, J", "Perez-Rojo, G", "Noriega, C", "Carretero, I", "Velasco, C", "Martinez-Huertas, J A", "Lopez-Frutos, P", "Galarraga, L"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438934", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak could be considered as an uncontrollable stressful life event. Lockdown measures have provoked a disruption of daily life with a great impact over older adults\u00b4 health and well-being. Nevertheless, eudaimonic well-being plays a protective role in confronting adverse circumstances, such as the COVID-19 situation. This study aims to assess the association between age and psychological well-being (personal growth and purpose in life). Young-old (60-70 years) and Old-old (71 to 80 years) community-dwelling Spaniards (N = 878) completed a survey and reported on their sociodemographic characteristics and their levels of health, COVID-19 stress-related, appraisal and personal resources. Old-old did not evidence poorer psychological well-being than young-old. Age has only a negative impact on personal growth. The results also suggest that the nature of the COVID-19 impact (except for the loss of a loved one) may not be as relevant for the older adults' well-being as their appraisals and personal resources for managing COVID-related problems. In addition, these results suggest that some sociodemographic and health-related variables have an impact on older adults' well-being. Thus, perceived-health, family functioning, resilience, gratitude and acceptance had significant associations with both personal growth and purpose in life. Efforts to address older adults' psychological well-being focusing on older adults' personal resources should be considered."}, {"pmid": 32368620, "pmcid": "PMC7186881", "title": "Performing tracheostomy during the Covid-19 pandemic: guidance and recommendations from the Critical Care and Acute Care Surgery Committees of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma.", "journal": "Trauma Surg Acute Care Open", "authors": ["Michetti, Christopher P", "Burlew, Clay Cothren", "Bulger, Eileen M", "Davis, Kimberly A", "Spain, David A"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368620", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436114, "pmcid": "PMC7239349", "title": "Increased lung signal as a hint of COVID-19 infection on Tc-99m-sestamibi myocardial perfusion scintigraphy.", "journal": "J Nucl Cardiol", "authors": ["Delabie, Pierre", "Hyafil, Fabien"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436114", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361284, "pmcid": "PMC7184025", "title": "Chronic pain management in COVID-19 era.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Piraccini, Emanuele", "Byrne, Helen", "Taddei, Stefania"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361284", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421155, "title": "Planning for a COVID-19 Vaccination Program.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Schaffer DeRoo, Sarah", "Pudalov, Natalie J", "Fu, Linda Y"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421155", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341001, "title": "What the Diamond Princess taught the world about covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Baraniuk, Chris"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341001", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474064, "pmcid": "PMC7256615", "title": "A novel cell-based assay for dynamically detecting neutrophil extracellular traps-induced lung epithelial injuries.", "journal": "Exp Cell Res", "authors": ["Lv, Dandan", "Xu, Yiming", "Cheng, Hongqiang", "Ke, Yuehai", "Zhang, Xue", "Ying, Kejing"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474064", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute lung injury (ALI) and its more severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are common lung disorders characterized by alveolar-capillary barrier disruption and dyspnea, which can cause substantial morbidity and mortality. Currently, a cluster of acute respiratory illnesses, known as novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-infected pneumonia (NCIP), which allegedly originally occurred in Wuhan, China, has increased rapidly worldwide. The critically ill patients with ARDS have high mortality in subjects with comorbidities. Previously, the excessive recruitment and activation of neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes [PMNs]), accompanied by neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation were reported being implicated in the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS. However, the direct visualization of lung epithelial injuries caused by NETs, and the qualitative and quantitative evaluations of this damage are still lacking. Additionally, those already reported methods are limited for their neglect of the pathological role exerted by NETs and focusing only on the morphological features of NETosis. Therefore, we established a cell-based assay for detecting NETs during lung epithelial cells-neutrophils co-culture using the xCELLigence system, a recognized real-time, dynamic, label-free, sensitive, and high-throughput apparatus. Our results demonstrated that lung epithelial injuries, reflected by declines in cell index (CI) values, could be induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated PMNs, or NETs in a time and dose-dependent manner. NETs generation was verified to be the major contributor to the cytotoxicity of activated PMNs; protein components of NETs were the prevailing cytotoxic mediators. Moreover, this cell-based assay identified that PMNs from severe pneumonia patients had a high NETs formative potential. Additionally, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and acetaminophen (APAP) were discovered alleviating NETs formation. Thus, this study not only presents a new methodology for detecting the pathophysiologic role of NETs but also lays down a foundation for exploring therapeutic interventions in an effort to cure ALI/ARDS in the clinical setting of severe pneumonia, including the emerging of NCIP."}, {"pmid": 32397643, "title": "Potential Drugs Targeting Early Innate Immune Evasion of SARS-Coronavirus 2 via 2'-O-Methylation of Viral RNA.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Encinar, Jose Antonio", "Menendez, Javier A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397643", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing the COVID-19 respiratory disease pandemic utilizes unique 2'-O-methyltransferase (2'-O-MTase) capping machinery to camouflage its RNA from innate immune recognition. The nsp16 catalytic subunit of the 2'-O-MTase is unusual in its requirement for a stimulatory subunit (nsp10) to catalyze the ribose 2'-O-methylation of the viral RNA cap. Here we provide a computational basis for drug repositioning or de novo drug development based on three differential traits of the intermolecular interactions of the SARS-CoV-2-specific nsp16/nsp10 heterodimer, namely: (1) the S-adenosyl-l-methionine-binding pocket of nsp16, (2) the unique \"activating surface\" between nsp16 and nsp10, and (3) the RNA-binding groove of nsp16. We employed \u22489000 U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved investigational and experimental drugs from the DrugBank repository for docking virtual screening. After molecular dynamics calculations of the stability of the binding modes of high-scoring nsp16/nsp10-drug complexes, we considered their pharmacological overlapping with functional modules of the virus-host interactome that is relevant to the viral lifecycle, and to the clinical features of COVID-19. Some of the predicted drugs (e.g., tegobuvir, sonidegib, siramesine, antrafenine, bemcentinib, itacitinib, or phthalocyanine) might be suitable for repurposing to pharmacologically reactivate innate immune restriction and antagonism of SARS-CoV-2 RNAs lacking 2'-O-methylation."}, {"pmid": 32497318, "title": "Molecular characterization of breast cancer needle core biopsy specimens by the 21-gene Breast Recurrence Score test.", "journal": "J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Jakubowski, Debbie M", "Bailey, Helen", "Abran, John", "Blacklock, Andrea", "Ciau, Nancy", "Mies, Carolyn", "Tan, Vivian", "Young, Rebekah", "Lau, Anna", "Baehner, Frederick L"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497318", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent COVID-19 pandemic guidelines recommend genomic assessment of core biopsies to help guide treatment decisions in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive early-stage breast cancer. Herein we characterize biopsy and excisional breast cancer specimens submitted for 21-gene testing. US samples submitted to Genomic Health for 21-gene testing (01/2004-04/2020) were assessed by pathologists and analyzed by a standardized quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Predefined cutoffs were: ESR1 (positive \u22656.5), PGR (positive \u22655.5), and ERBB2 (negative <10.7). ER status by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and lymph node status were determined locally. Median and interquartile range were reported for continuous variables, and total and percent for categorical variables. Distributions were assessed overall, by age, and by nodal involvement. Of 919\u2009701 samples analyzed, 13% were biopsies and 87% were excisions. Initial assay success rates were 94.5% (biopsies) and 97.3% (excisions). ER IHC concordance with central ESR1 was 96.8% (biopsies) and 97.6% (excisions). Biopsy and excisional medians were: Recurrence Score results 16 (each); ESR1 10.2 (each); PGR 7.7 and 7.6; ERBB2 9.4 and 9.2, respectively. Biopsy submissions for 21-gene testing are common and consistently generate results that are very similar to the experience with excisions. The 21-gene test can be performed reliably on core biopsies."}, {"pmid": 32496937, "title": "Ischemic Stroke Epidemiology During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Navigating Uncharted Waters With Changing Tides.", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Tsivgoulis, Georgios", "Katsanos, Aristeidis H", "Ornello, Raffaele", "Sacco, Simona"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496937", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514158, "title": "Correction: The challenge of COVID-19 and hematopoietic cell transplantation: EBMT recommendations for management of hematopoietic cell transplant recipients, their donors, and patients undergoing CAR T-cell therapy.", "journal": "Bone Marrow Transplant", "authors": ["Ljungman, Per", "Mikulska, Malgorzata", "de la Camara, Rafael", "Basak, Grzegorz W", "Chabannon, Christian", "Corbacioglu, Selim", "Duarte, Rafael", "Dolstra, Harry", "Lankester, Arjan C", "Mohty, Mohamad", "Montoto, Silvia", "Murray, John", "de Latour, Regis Peffault", "Snowden, John A", "Yakoub-Agha, Ibrahim", "Verhoeven, Bregje", "Kroger, Nicolaus", "Styczynski, Jan"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514158", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper."}, {"pmid": 32361714, "title": "A new era for nuclear medicine.", "journal": "Hell J Nucl Med", "authors": ["Chatzipavlidou, Vasiliki"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361714", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic is the defining global health crisis of our time. Health care systems globally are amid an unprecedented challenge. Since its emergence in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, the virus has spread to 185 countries worldwide, with more than 2.63 million cases confirmed and more than 183 thousand related deaths (as of 23/04/2020). According to current evidence, the novel coronavirus is transmitted from human-to-human mainly via respiratory droplets of different sizes, contact with bodily fluids, or from contaminated surfaces. In the context of COVID-19, airborne transmission may be possible in specific circumstances and settings in which procedures that generate aerosols are performed. The common clinical symptoms of the highly pathogenic and large-scale epidemic virus include fever, cough, fatigue, ageusia and anosmia and in some patients, gastrointestinal infection symptoms. The elderly and patients with comorbidities are susceptible to infection and prone to severe complications, which may be associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and cytokines storm. Currently, there are few specific antiviral strategies, but several potent candidates of antivirals and repurposed drugs are under urgent investigation. Under these circumstances, it is critical for health care settings, including nuclear medicine departments to take infection control measures, to prevent a potential spread not just among patients but also to staff members as well as to reconsider the performance of randomized clinical trials. There have already been papers on the radiology preparedness that should be applied to radiology and nuclear medicine departments to support the care of patients with COVID-19 and maintain radiologic diagnostic and interventional support for the entirety of the hospital and healthcare system, particularly for emergencies, without jeopardizing an outbreak in the units. Since most nuclear medicine diagnostic and therapeutic interventions are non-urgent, the general guidance from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) for infection prevention and control is to postpone scheduled procedure after cautious risk assessment, with certain exceptions. Individualized approach of each case is a sine qua non of ensuring low transmission of COVID-19 as well as effective and safe management of patients admitted to nuclear medicine departments. Another major issue raised is the possible impact COVID-19 on the transport of medical radioisotopes. By the 1st of April 2020, the Euratom Supply Agency (ESA) co-chaired the European Observatory on Supply of Medical Radioisotope expressing their concerns related to the impact of COVID-19 on the supply chain and inconsequence on the availability of the most vital medical radioisotopes used in nuclear medicine. Due to the current lockdown situation, extended border controls, reductions and elimination of many commercial passenger flights, competition and cost of cargo and charter options, required appropriate additional support. The new era of nuclear medicine practice worldwide coincides with a new era for the Hellenic Society of Nuclear Medicine (HSNM) and the Hellenic Journal of Nuclear Medicine (HJNM). The founder and Editor in Chief for more than 28 consecutive years, Professor Emeritus Philip Grammaticos, resigned leaving behind a benchmark for the presidencies and editors to come. His commitment to the conservation of a high level of scientific excellence of the published papers is the legacy which we wish to maintain in the future publications. The interim Editor in Chief of the current issue, would like to express her gratitude to Professor Emeritus Philip Grammaticos for his contribution to the global scientific community as well as to the incoming Editor in Chief Konstantinos Anagnostopoulos, MD, PhD, FRCP, FESC for accepting this new role. We wholeheartedly welcome the new Editor in Chief and the new members of the Editorial Board, wishing them an active, attentive and successful mandate. Hellenic Journal of Nuclear Medicine will remain true to the set principles, values and past and prepared to cope with future challenges in the scientific and clinical setting."}, {"pmid": 32358231, "pmcid": "PMC7217122", "title": "Visiting Sub-Interships in Wake of the Covid-19 Crisis: An Opportunity for Improvement.", "journal": "Ann Plast Surg", "authors": ["Patel, Viren", "Nolan, Ian T", "Morrison, Shane D", "Fosnot, Joshua"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358231", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398309, "pmcid": "PMC7236827", "title": "Could the smoking gun in the fight against Covid-19 be the (rh) ACE2?", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Lutchman, Dhamend"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398309", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529703, "title": "The WetNet: What the Oral Polio Vaccine Hypothesis Exposes about Globalized Interspecies Fluid Bonds.", "journal": "Med Anthropol Q", "authors": ["Jain, S Lochlann"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529703", "countries": ["Belgium", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The author analyzes the aftermath of Edward\u00a0Hooper's suggestion that the trial of an oral polio vaccine (OPV) in the Belgian colonies of Africa engendered the pandemic form of the AIDS virus, HIV-1. In response to\u00a0Hooper's book,\u00a0The River (1999),\u00a0the Royal Society in London held a conference to debate the origins of HIV. Examination of the quick dismissal of the OPV theory opens a space for legitimately challenging the widely held belief that the vaccine contamination question was convincingly resolved. This article interrogates the relationship between historiography and the making of scientific facts and history, suggesting that historians have been too credulous of scientists' testimony. The further result of the lack of a thorough analysis of the evidence backing the OPV hypothesis has resulted in a missed opportunity to read The River as one of the few detailed accounts of the immense social, political, technological, and interspecies infrastructure constituted by Cold War vaccine production. This biomedical infrastructure dramatically changed the geographic and interspecies mobility of viruses in ways that may be impossible to reconstruct. Yet these potential transmission routes remain crucial to acknowledge. The COVID-19 pandemic draws attention to the critical importance of studying The WetNet, a concept coined by the author to name the conceptual and material infrastructures of inter- and intraspecies fluid bonding."}, {"pmid": 32241301, "pmcid": "PMC7117947", "title": "A novel treatment approach to the novel coronavirus: an argument for the use of therapeutic plasma exchange for fulminant COVID-19.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Keith, Philip", "Day, Matthew", "Perkins, Linda", "Moyer, Lou", "Hewitt, Kristi", "Wells, Adam"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241301", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524956, "title": "Infection prevention guidelines and considerations for paediatric risk groups when reopening primary schools during COVID-19 pandemic, Norway, April 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Johansen, Tone Bjordal", "Astrup, Elisabeth", "Jore, Solveig", "Nilssen, Hege", "Dahlberg, Bente Barton", "Klingenberg, Claus", "Berg, Are Stuwitz", "Greve-Isdahl, Margrethe"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524956", "countries": ["Norway"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, most countries implemented school closures. In Norway, schools closed on 13 March 2020. The evidence of effect on disease transmission was limited, while negative consequences were evident. Before reopening, risk-assessment for paediatric risk groups was performed, concluding that most children can attend school with few conditions requiring preventative homeschooling. We here present infection prevention and control guidelines for primary schools and recommendations for paediatric risk groups."}, {"pmid": 32250965, "title": "Are UK doctors getting sufficient protective equipment against covid-19?", "journal": "BMJ", "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250965", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32237302, "title": "A Viewpoint From Paris on the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Necessary Turn to Telepsychiatry.", "journal": "J Clin Psychiatry", "authors": ["Corruble, Emmanuelle"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237302", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362571, "pmcid": "PMC7162782", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and the testis: similarity with other viruses and routes of infection.", "journal": "Reprod Biomed Online", "authors": ["Cardona Maya, Walter D", "Du Plessis, Stefan S", "Velilla, Paula A"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362571", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the start of the latest coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak, the number of infected individuals and cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been increasing exponentially worldwide. Of interest is existing evidence that orchitis can develop due coronavirus infection. It is therefore not unreasonable to believe that SARS-CoV-2 could be transmitted by semen. Consequently, it is of paramount importance that individuals who could potentially be infected take all possible care to mitigate the likely risk of passing on the infection through sexual intercourse."}, {"pmid": 32358813, "title": "The use of Google Trends for acral symptoms during COVID-19 outbreak in France.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Kluger, N", "Scrivener, J N"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358813", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327383, "pmcid": "PMC7164867", "title": "Point of care and intensive care lung ultrasound: A reference guide for practitioners during COVID-19.", "journal": "Radiography (Lond)", "authors": ["Moore, S", "Gardiner, E"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327383", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Current events with the recent COVID-19 outbreak are necessitating steep learning curves for the NHS workforce. Ultrasound, although not used in the diagnosis of COVID-19 may be utilised by practitioners at the point of care (POC) or on the intensive care units (ITUs) where rapid assessment of the lung condition may be required. The aim of this article was to review current literature surrounding the use of lung ultrasound in relation to COVID-19 and provide Sonographers with a quick and digestible reference guide for lung pathologies. Ultrasound is being used in Italy and China to help review lung condition during the COVID-19 outbreak however not strictly as a diagnostic tool as Computed Tomography (CT) of the chest and chest radiographs are currently gold standard. Ultrasound is highly sensitive in the detection of multiple lung pathologies which can be demonstrated in conjunction with COVID-19 however to date there are no specific, nor pathognomonic findings which relate to COVID-19 on ultrasound. Lung ultrasound is highly sensitive and can quickly and accurately review lung condition creating potential to assess for changes or resolution over time, especially in the ITU and POC setting. However it should not be used as a diagnostic tool for COVID-19 due to low specificity in relation to the virus. The adoption of lung ultrasound to monitor lung condition during the COVID-19 outbreak may reduce the need for serial exposure to ionising radiation on the wards and in turn reduce the number of radiographers required to attend infected wards and bays, protecting both patients and the workforce."}, {"pmid": 32485243, "pmcid": "PMC7260566", "title": "Letter to the editor: Awake Craniotomy for Intracranial Gliomas during COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Nunez-Velasco, Santiago", "Mercado-Pimentel, Rodrigo", "Rodriguez-Arias, Regina"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485243", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221508, "title": "Tens of thousands of scientists are redeploying to fight coronavirus.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Viglione, Giuliana"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221508", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265008, "pmcid": "PMC7140598", "title": "Understanding coronavirus disease (COVID-19) risk perceptions among the public to enhance risk communication efforts: a practical approach for outbreaks, Finland, February 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Lohiniva, Anna-Leena", "Sane, Jussi", "Sibenberg, Katja", "Puumalainen, Taneli", "Salminen, Mika"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265008", "countries": ["Finland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Understanding risk perceptions of the public is critical for risk communication. In February 2020, the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare started collecting weekly qualitative data on coronavirus disease (COVID-19) risk perception that informs risk communication efforts. The process is based on thematic analysis of emails and social media messages from the public and identifies factors linked to appraisal of risk magnitude, which are developed into risk communication recommendations together with health and communication experts."}, {"pmid": 32499073, "pmcid": "PMC7253984", "title": "ENT management of children with adenotonsillar disease during COVID-19 pandemic. Ready to start again?", "journal": "Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Torretta, Sara", "Capaccio, Pasquale", "Gaffuri, Michele", "Gaini, Lorenzo Maria", "Borin, Marco", "Maruca, Antonella", "Battilocchi, Ludovica", "Nitro, Letizia", "Marchisio, Paola", "Pignataro, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499073", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in children are milder, but the real burden of disease is unknown. After the lockdown, in our Region Lombardia we have been requested to progressively resume medical services including outpatient assessment and priority surgery. Therefore, we screened surgical waiting lists with identification of 47 children candidates to priority surgery (among 358). No homogeneous national health surveillance/screening programs are ongoing or have been conceived to test susceptible population among children/healthcare workers in preparation of coming down to routinely daily activities, and diagnostic strategies are not completely accurate in children. So, restoring medical services now might be untimely."}, {"pmid": 32472591, "title": "COVID-19: Shedding light on racial and health inequities in the United States.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Baptiste, Diana-Lyn", "Commodore-Mensah, Yvonne", "Alexander, Kamila A", "Jacques, Keilah", "Wilson, Patty R", "Akomah, Janelle", "Sharps, Phyllis", "Cooper, Lisa A"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472591", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The sudden and rapid advancement of the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has led to an unanticipated and unprecedented global crisis. Since its emergence in the United States, there is increasing discussion surrounding the impact of the virus among vulnerable populations. Older adults, young children, and persons with chronic medical or mental health conditions, persons with disabilities, pregnant women, immunocompromised persons and those who are institutionalized or homeless are considered most vulnerable to death and lost quality of life (World Health Organization, 2020)."}, {"pmid": 32515385, "title": "COVID-19: An otolaryngological perspective.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Kaur, Navjot", "Patro, Sourabha Kumar"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515385", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Otolaryngologists around the world are amongst the front-line fighters against the pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19). As knowledge about the disease epidemiology and clinical profile is rapidly evolving, we are still not sure about many different aspects of the disease transmission and presentation. Otolaryngologists regularly deal with the upper aerodigestive tract, which is the portal of transmission and site of multiplication of the virus. There is a substantial risk of getting infected and transmitting the disease further. We discuss the various recommendations pertaining to the emergency and elective procedures in otolaryngology, and head and neck surgeries in these difficult times, so as to sensitise the clinicians while dealing with such cases, till the pandemic is under control and things get back to normal."}, {"pmid": 32489191, "title": "Italian validation of CoViD-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index and preliminary data in a sample of general population.", "journal": "Riv Psichiatr", "authors": ["Costantini, Anna", "Mazzotti, Eva"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489191", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Peritraumatic distress is an important predictor of post-traumatic stress disorder and although several questionnaires are available for its measurement, none of these are specific to CoViD-19. The new CoViD-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI), developed in China, is characterized as a rapid compilation tool (10 minutes), easily understandable and appreciated by people. The objectives of this study were: (1) the validation of the Italian version of the CPDI, and (2) the measurement of the prevalence of peritraumatic distress in this phase 1 CoViD-19. CPDI has been translated using a standard forward-backward-translation procedure and offered online to 329 people (191 females and 137 males, aged 46.49 \u00b1 13.58 years). The CPDI showed an internal-consistency of Cronbach's \u03b1 =0.916. Content validity was judged satisfactory by two psychologists experienced in stress and trauma. The construct validity is given by the high correlation with the dimensions of Intrusion, Avoidance and Hyperarousal as measured by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (r=0.63, r=0.57, r=0.71, respectively). Our results are comparable to the Chinese ones. A third of people experienced symptoms of mild/moderate and severe peritraumatic distress. Females have higher scores, compared to males. Older people are more resilient, compared to younger, and those who have been in quarantine report less distress than those didn't, as evidenced by the results of the multivariate logistic regression model. High distress was associated with use of psychotropic drugs (AOR=4.28; 95% CI=1.55-11.85), sleeping remedies (AOR=4.05; 95% CI=2.07-7.94), be worried about dying in case of contagion CoViD-19 (AOR=3.33; 95% CI=1.83-6.06), female gender (AOR=2.95; 95% CI=1.58-5.53) and have a religious belief (AOR=1.97; 95% CI=1.05-3.70). To be aged 51-71 years, to have been in quarantine and to have received psychological support were variables associated with lower distress scores. The psychometric properties of the Italian version are satisfactory and confirm that CPDI is a tool fast, non-intrusive, administered online, and therefore 'safe' in a phase with a high risk of contagion. It allows, like a psychic thermoscan, to quickly detect the needs of the population and propose equally rapid interventions."}, {"pmid": 32327870, "pmcid": "PMC7176384", "title": "[Recommendations on antithrombotic treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Position statement of the Working Group on Cardiovascular Thrombosis of the Spanish Society of Cardiology].", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol", "authors": ["Vivas, David", "Roldan, Vanessa", "Esteve-Pastor, Maria Asuncion", "Roldan, Inmaculada", "Tello-Montoliu, Antonio", "Ruiz-Nodar, Juan Miguel", "Cosin-Sales, Juan", "Maria Gamez, Jose", "Consuegra, Luciano", "Luis Ferreiro, Jose", "Marin, Francisco", "Arrarte, Vicente", "Anguita, Manuel", "Cequier, Angel", "Perez-Villacastin, Julian"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327870", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which gives rise to the highly contagious COVID-19 disease, has caused a pandemic that is overwhelming health care systems worldwide. Affected patients have been reported to have a heightened inflammatory state that increases their thrombotic risk. However, there is very scarce information on the management of thrombotic risk, coagulation disorders, and anticoagulant therapy. In addition, the situation has also greatly influenced usual care in patients not infected with COVID-19. This article by the Working Group on Cardiovascular Thrombosis of the Spanish Society of Cardiology aims to summarize the available information and to provide a practical approach to the management of antithrombotic therapy."}, {"pmid": 32105680, "pmcid": "PMC7093856", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and pregnancy: what obstetricians need to know.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Rasmussen, Sonja A", "Smulian, John C", "Lednicky, John A", "Wen, Tony S", "Jamieson, Denise J"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32105680", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 is an emerging disease with a rapid increase in cases and deaths since its first identification in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Limited data are available about coronavirus disease 2019 during pregnancy; however, information on illnesses associated with other highly pathogenic coronaviruses (ie, severe acute respiratory syndrome and the Middle East respiratory syndrome) might provide insights into coronavirus disease 2019's effects during pregnancy. Coronaviruses cause illness ranging in severity from the common cold to severe respiratory illness and death. Currently the primary epidemiologic risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 include travel from mainland China (especially Hubei Province) or close contact with infected individuals within 14 days of symptom onset. Data suggest an incubation period of \u223c5 days (range, 2-14 days). Average age of hospitalized patients has been 49-56 years, with a third to half with an underlying illness. Children have been rarely reported. Men were more frequent among hospitalized cases (54-73%). Frequent manifestations include fever, cough, myalgia, headache, and diarrhea. Abnormal testing includes abnormalities on chest radiographic imaging, lymphopenia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Initial reports suggest that acute respiratory distress syndrome develops in 17-29% of hospitalized patients. Overall case fatality rate appears to be \u223c1%; however, early data may overestimate this rate. In 2 reports describing 18 pregnancies with coronavirus disease 2019, all were infected in the third trimester, and clinical findings were similar to those in nonpregnant adults. Fetal distress and preterm delivery were seen in some cases. All but 2 pregnancies were cesarean deliveries and no evidence of in utero transmission was seen. Data on severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome in pregnancy are sparse. For severe acute respiratory syndrome, the largest series of 12 pregnancies had a case-fatality rate of 25%. Complications included acute respiratory distress syndrome in 4, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy in 3, renal failure in 3, secondary bacterial pneumonia in 2, and sepsis in 2 patients. Mechanical ventilation was 3 times more likely among pregnant compared with nonpregnant women. Among 7 first-trimester infections, 4 ended in spontaneous abortion. Four of 5 women with severe acute respiratory syndrome after 24 weeks' gestation delivered preterm. For Middle East respiratory syndrome, there were 13 case reports in pregnant women, of which 2 were asymptomatic, identified as part of a contact investigation; 3 patients (23%) died. Two pregnancies ended in fetal demise and 2 were born preterm. No evidence of in utero transmission was seen in severe acute respiratory syndrome or Middle East respiratory syndrome. Currently no coronavirus-specific treatments have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Because coronavirus disease 2019 might increase the risk for pregnancy complications, management should optimally be in a health care facility with close maternal and fetal monitoring. Principles of management of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy include early isolation, aggressive infection control procedures, oxygen therapy, avoidance of fluid overload, consideration of empiric antibiotics (secondary to bacterial infection risk), laboratory testing for the virus and coinfection, fetal and uterine contraction monitoring, early mechanical ventilation for progressive respiratory failure, individualized delivery planning, and a team-based approach with multispecialty consultations. Information on coronavirus disease 2019 is increasing rapidly. Clinicians should continue to follow the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website to stay up to date with the latest information (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-nCoV/hcp/index.html)."}, {"pmid": 32299304, "title": "Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: A brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety.", "journal": "Death Stud", "authors": ["Lee, Sherman A"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299304", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mental health concerns of people impacted by the coronavirus pandemic have not been adequately addressed. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the properties of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), which is a brief mental health screener to identify probable cases of dysfunctional anxiety associated with the COVID-19 crisis. This 5-item scale, which was based on 775 adults with anxiety over the coronavirus, demonstrated solid reliability and validity. Elevated CAS scores were found to be associated with coronavirus diagnosis, impairment, alcohol/drug coping, negative religious coping, extreme hopelessness, suicidal ideation, as well as attitudes toward President Trump and Chinese products. The CAS discriminates well between persons with and without dysfunctional anxiety using an optimized cut score of \u2265 9 (90% sensitivity and 85% specificity). These results support the CAS as an efficient and valid tool for clinical research and practice."}, {"pmid": 32289260, "pmcid": "PMC7151397", "title": "Using the Coronavirus Pandemic as an Opportunity to Address the Use of Human Milk and Breastfeeding as Lifesaving Medical Interventions.", "journal": "J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs", "authors": ["Spatz, Diane L"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289260", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health care providers should use this current pandemic as an opportunity educate the public about the importance of human milk and breastfeeding as lifesaving medical interventions."}, {"pmid": 32416532, "pmcid": "PMC7198408", "title": "Working in the emergency and inpatient COVID-19 special wards: A different experience for Iranian psychiatric trainees amid the outbreak.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Shariati, Behnam", "Eftekhar Ardebili, Mehrdad", "Shalbafan, Mohammadreza"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416532", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507625, "title": "A Global Survey on the Impact of COVID-19 on Urological Services.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Teoh, Jeremy Yuen-Chun", "Ong, William Lay Keat", "Gonzalez-Padilla, Daniel", "Castellani, Daniele", "Dubin, Justin M", "Esperto, Francesco", "Campi, Riccardo", "Gudaru, Kalyan", "Talwar, Ruchika", "Okhunov, Zhamshid", "Ng, Chi-Fai", "Jain, Nitesh", "Gauhar, Vineet", "Wong, Martin Chi-Sang", "Wroclawski, Marcelo Langer", "Tanidir, Yiloren", "Rivas, Juan Gomez", "Tiong, Ho-Yee", "Loeb, Stacy"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507625", "countries": ["New Zealand", "Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) declared coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The impact of COVID-19 on urological services in different geographical areas is unknown. To investigate the global impact of COVID-19 on urological providers and the provision of urological patient care. A cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted from March 30, 2020 to April 7, 2020. A 55-item questionnaire was developed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on various aspects of urological services. Target respondents were practising urologists, urology trainees, and urology nurses/advanced practice providers. The primary outcome was the degree of reduction in urological services, which was further stratified by the geographical location, degree of outbreak, and nature and urgency of urological conditions. The secondary outcome was the duration of delay in urological services. A total of 1004 participants responded to our survey, and they were mostly based in Asia, Europe, North America, and South America. Worldwide, 41% of the respondents reported that their hospital staff members had been diagnosed with COVID-19 infection, 27% reported personnel shortage, and 26% had to be deployed to take care of COVID-19 patients. Globally, only 33% of the respondents felt that they were given adequate personal protective equipment, and many providers expressed fear of going to work (47%). It was of concerning that 13% of the respondents were advised not to wear a surgical face mask for the fear of scaring their patients, and 21% of the respondents were advised not to discuss COVID-19 issues or concerns on media. COVID-19 had a global impact on the cut-down of urological services, including outpatient clinic appointments, outpatient investigations and procedures, and urological surgeries. The degree of cut-down of urological services increased with the degree of COVID-19 outbreak. On average, 28% of outpatient clinics, 30% of outpatient investigations and procedures, and 31% of urological surgeries had a delay of >8 wk. Urological services for benign conditions were more affected than those for malignant conditions. Finally, 47% of the respondents believed that the accumulated workload could be dealt with in a timely manner after the COVID-19 outbreak, but 50% thought the postponement of urological services would affect the treatment and survival outcomes of their patients. One of the limitations of this study is that Africa, Australia, and New Zealand were under-represented. COVID-19 had a profound global impact on urological care and urology providers. The degree of cut-down of urological services increased with the degree of COVID-19 outbreak and was greater for benign than for malignant conditions. One-fourth of urological providers were deployed to assist with COVID-19 care. Many providers reported insufficient personal protective equipment and support from hospital administration. Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has led to significant delay in outpatient care and surgery in urology, particularly in regions with the most COVID-19 cases. A considerable proportion of urology health care professionals have been deployed to assist in COVID-19 care, despite the perception of insufficient training and protective equipment."}, {"pmid": 32393680, "title": "Incomplete Kawasaki Disease in a Child with Covid-19.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Rivera-Figueroa, Elvia I", "Santos, Roberto", "Simpson, Scott", "Garg, Padma"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393680", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378009, "pmcid": "PMC7202794", "title": "Primary Care Providers: Discuss COVID-19-Related Goals of Care with Your Vulnerable Patients Now.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Kutscher, Eric", "Kladney, Mat"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378009", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387062, "pmcid": "PMC7181988", "title": "[SARS-CoV-2 and cancer in France: Resident in oncology on the front line. Testimony of residents in oncology in two French clusters: Grand-Est and Ile-de-France].", "journal": "Bull Cancer", "authors": ["Delaye, Matthieu", "Naoun, Natacha", "Mailly-Giacchetti, Leah"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387062", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499161, "pmcid": "PMC7256521", "title": "Barriers to conducting deprescribing in the elderly population amid the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Elbeddini, Ali", "Prabaharan, Thulasika", "Almasalkhi, Sarah", "Tran, Cindy", "Zhou, Yueyang"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499161", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Deprescribing aims to reduce polypharmacy, especially in the elderly population, in order to maintain or improve quality of life, reduce harm from medications, and limit healthcare expenditure. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that has led to a pandemic and has changed the lives many throughout the world. The mode of transmission of this virus is from person to person through the transfer of respiratory droplets. Therefore, non-essential healthcare services involving direct patient interactions, including deprescribing, has been on hiatus to reduce spread. Barriers to deprescribing before the pandemic include patient and system related factors, such as resistance to change, patient's knowledge deficit about deprescribing, lack of alternatives for treatment of disease, uncoordinated delivery of health services, prescriber's attitudes and/or experience, limited availability of guidelines for deprescribing, and lack of evidence on preventative therapy. Some of these barriers can be mitigated by using the following interventions:patient education, prioritization of non-pharmacological therapy, incorporation of electronic health record (EHR), continuous prescriber education, and development of research studies on deprescribing. Currently, deprescribing cannot be delivered through in person interactions, so virtual care is a reasonable alternative format. The full incorporation of EHR throughout Canada can add to the success of this strategy. However, there are several challenges of conducting deprescribing virtually in the elderly population. These challenges include, but are not limited, to their inability to use technology, lack of literacy, lack of assistance from others, greater propensity for withdrawal effects, and increased risk of severe consequences, if hospitalized. Virtual care is the future of healthcare and in order to retain the benefits of deprescribing, additional initiatives should be in place to address the challenges that elderly patients may experience in accessing deprescribing virtually. These initiatives should involve teaching elderly patients how to use technology to access health services and with technical support in place to address any concerns."}, {"pmid": 32502828, "pmcid": "PMC7253943", "title": "Avoiding a new epidemic during a pandemic: The importance of assessing the risk of substance use disorders in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Mota, Pedro"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502828", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493459, "pmcid": "PMC7269684", "title": "Umbilical cord blood therapy to prevent progression of COVID-19 related pneumonia: a structured summary of a study protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Malhotra, Atul", "Ernest, David", "Rogers, Benjamin A", "Haylock, David", "Watt, Ashalyn", "Moeneclaey, Guy", "Jenkin, Graham"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493459", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To undertake a pilot, feasibility RCT of umbilical cord blood derived cell therapy for treatment of adult patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus related moderate-to-severe pneumonia to prevent progression to severe ARDS. Expanded cord blood derived cell therapy will be feasible, well tolerated and show potential efficacy in the treatment of acute COVID-19 related moderate to severe pneumonia in adult patients because of their powerful anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Pilot, parallel design randomised controlled trial. The trial will recruit 24 hospitalised patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and pneumonia from July to December 2020 at Monash Medical Centre in Melbourne, Australia. Intervention: Intravenous injection of expanded umbilical cord blood cells at a dose of 5 million cells/kg (maximum dose - 500 million cells). Cell infusion will occur over 30-60 minutes through a peripheral intravenous cannula. Standard supportive care will continue as needed. Comparator: Standard supportive care. Safety and tolerability of cell administration within first 24 hours of administration; clinical improvement on a seven-category clinical improvement ordinal scale. Randomisation will be done using computer generated allocation to intervention/ control groups in a 1:1 ratio (in blocks of 6) using sealed opaque envelopes. This will be an unblinded study, given that it is the first study using expanded cord blood cells in COVID-19 patients. There will be no placebo infusion. Twelve participants in each group. Total n=24. CBC-19 protocol v2, dated 23rd April 2020. Recruitment has not started yet. Estimated recruitment timeline is between 1st July - 31st December 2020. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12620000478910, registered 16th April 2020. The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32265365, "pmcid": "PMC7173093", "title": "Obstetric Anesthesia During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Bauer, Melissa", "Bernstein, Kyra", "Dinges, Emily", "Delgado, Carlos", "El-Sharawi, Nadir", "Sultan, Pervez", "Mhyre, Jill M", "Landau, Ruth"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265365", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With increasing numbers of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID 19) cases due to efficient human-to-human transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the United States, preparation for the unpredictable setting of labor and delivery is paramount. The priorities are two-fold in the management of obstetric patients with COVID-19 infection or persons under investigation (PUI): (1) caring for the range of asymptomatic to critically ill pregnant and postpartum women; (2) protecting health care workers and beyond from exposure during the delivery hospitalization (health care providers, personnel, family members). The goal of this review is to provide evidence-based recommendations, or expert opinion when evidence is limited, for anesthesiologists caring for pregnant women during the COVID 19 pandemic, with a focus on preparedness and best clinical obstetric anesthesia practice."}, {"pmid": 32504060, "pmcid": "PMC7273379", "title": "Immune evasion via SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 protein?", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Park, Matthew D"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504060", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398800, "title": "Possible challenges in behavioral phenotyping of rodents following COVID-19 lockdown.", "journal": "Lab Anim (NY)", "authors": ["Manda, Kailash"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398800", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406931, "title": "Providing cancer surgery in the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Downs, J S", "Wilkinson, M J", "Gyorki, D E", "Speakman, D"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406931", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317433, "title": "All India Ophthalmological Society - Indian Journal of Ophthalmology consensus statement on preferred practices during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Sengupta, Sabyasachi", "Honavar, Santosh G", "Sachdev, Mahipal S", "Sharma, Namrata", "Kumar, Atul", "Ram, Jagat", "Shetty, Rohit", "Rao, Girish S", "Ramasamy, Kim", "Khanna, Rohit", "Jain, Elesh", "Bhattacharjee, Kasturi", "Agarwal, Ashvin", "Natarajan, S", "Lahane, Tatyarao P"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317433", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has taken tragic proportions and has disrupted lives globally. In the wake of governmental lockdowns, ophthalmologists need practical and actionable guidelines based on advisories from national health departments on how to conduct their duties during nationwide lockdowns and after these are lifted. In this paper, we present a preferred practice pattern (PPP) based on consensus discussions between leading ophthalmologists and health care professionals in India including representatives from major governmental and private institutions as well as the All India Ophthalmological Society leadership. In this document, the expert panel clearly defines the range of activities for Indian ophthalmologists during the ongoing lockdown phase and precautions to be taken once the lockdown is lifted. Guidelines for triage, governmental guidelines for use of personal protective equipment from ophthalmologists' point of view, precautions to be taken in the OPD and operating room as well as care of various ophthalmic equipment have been described in detail. These guidelines will be applicable to all practice settings including tertiary institutions, corporate and group practices and individual eye clinics and should help Indian ophthalmologists in performing their professional responsibilities without being foci of disease transmission."}, {"pmid": 32426363, "pmcid": "PMC7204382", "title": "Age-Dependent Risks of Incidence and Mortality of COVID-19 in Hubei Province and Other Parts of China.", "journal": "Front Med (Lausanne)", "authors": ["Li, Hongdou", "Wang, Shuang", "Zhong, Fan", "Bao, Wuyin", "Li, Yipeng", "Liu, Lei", "Wang, Hongyan", "He, Yungang"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426363", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic of early 2020 poses an enormous challenge to global public health. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the virus has spread rapidly throughout the world, taking thousands of lives in just over 2 months. It is critical to refine the incidence and mortality risks of COVID-19 for the effective management of the general public and patients during the outbreak. In this report, we investigate the incidence and mortality risks of the infection by analyzing the age composition of 5,319 infected patients, 76 fatal cases, and 1,144,648 individuals of the general public in China. Our results show a relatively low incidence risk for young people but a very high mortality risk for seniors. Notably, mortality risk could be as high as 0.48 for people older than 80 years. Furthermore, our study suggests that a good medical service can effectively reduce the mortality rate of the viral infection to 1% or less."}, {"pmid": 32370128, "title": "Dengue Fever and Severe Dengue in Barbados, 2008-2016.", "journal": "Trop Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Douglas, Kirk Osmond", "Dutta, Sudip Kumar", "Martina, Byron", "Anfasa, Fatih", "Samuels, T Alafia", "Hilaire, Marquita Gittens-St"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370128", "countries": ["Barbados"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Analysis of the temporal, seasonal and demographic distribution of dengue virus (DENV) infections in Barbados was conducted using national surveillance data from a total of 3994 confirmed dengue cases. Diagnosis was confirmed either by DENV-specific real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR), or non-structural protein 1 (NS1) antigen or enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests; a case fatality rate of 0.4% (10/3994) was observed. The prevalence rate of dengue fever (DF) varied from 27.5 to 453.9 cases per 100,000 population among febrile patients who sought medical attention annually. DF cases occurred throughout the year with low level of transmission observed during the dry season (December to June), then increased transmission during rainy season (July to November) peaking in October. Three major dengue epidemics occurred in Barbados during 2010, 2013 and possibly 2016 with an emerging three-year interval. DF prevalence rate among febrile patients who sought medical attention overall was highest among the 10-19 years old age group. The highest DF hospitalisation prevalence rate was observed in 2013. Multiple serotypes circulated during the study period and Dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) was the most prevalent serotype during 2010, whilst DENV-1 was the most prevalent serotype in 2013. Two DENV-1 strains from the 2013 DENV epidemic were genetically more closely related to South East Asian strains, than Caribbean or South American strains, and represent the first ever sequencing of DENV strains in Barbados. However, the small sample size (n = 2) limits any meaningful conclusions. DF prevalence rates were not significantly different between females and males. Public health planning should consider DENV inter-epidemic periodicity, the current COVID-19 pandemic and similar clinical symptomology between DF and COVID-19. The implementation of routine sequencing of DENV strains to obtain critical data can aid in battling DENV epidemics in Barbados."}, {"pmid": 32375848, "pmcid": "PMC7202793", "title": "Psychological stress of ICU nurses in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Shen, Xin", "Zou, Xiaoyue", "Zhong, Xiaofeng", "Yan, Jing", "Li, Li"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375848", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383751, "pmcid": "PMC7239141", "title": "Beyond Smoking Cessation: Investigating Medicinal Nicotine to Prevent and Treat COVID-19.", "journal": "Nicotine Tob Res", "authors": ["Tindle, Hilary A", "Newhouse, Paul A", "Freiberg, Matthew S"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383751", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497535, "pmcid": "PMC7263254", "title": "Commentary: Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors as potential adjunct treatment targeting the cytokine storm in COVID-19.", "journal": "Metabolism", "authors": ["Dalamaga, Maria", "Karampela, Irene", "Mantzoros, Christos S"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497535", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The most severe presentation of COVID-19 is characterized by a hyperinflammatory state attributed to the massive pro-inflammatory cytokine release, called \"cytokine storm\". Several specific anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive agents are being evaluated by ongoing clinical trials; however, there is currently insufficient evidence for their efficacy and safety in COVID-19 treatment. Given the role of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE) 4 and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the inflammatory response, we hypothesize that selective PDE4 inhibition may attenuate the cytokine storm in COVID-19, through the upstream inhibition of pro-inflammatory molecules, particularly TNF-\u03b1, and the regulation of the pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory balance. Conversely, other anti-cytokine agents lead to the downstream inhibition of specific targets, such as IL-1, IL-6 or TNF-\u03b1, and may not be efficient in blocking the cytokine storm, once it has been triggered. Due to their mechanism of action targeting an early stage of the inflammatory response and ameliorating lung inflammation, we believe that selective PDE4 inhibitors may represent a promising treatment option for the early phase of COVID-19 pneumonia before the cytokine storm and severe multiorgan dysfunction take place. Furthermore, PDE4 inhibitors present several advantages including an excellent safety profile; the oral route of administration; the convenient dosing; and beneficial metabolic properties. Interestingly, obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2 have been reported to be risk factors for the severity of COVID-19. Therefore, randomized clinical trials of PDE4 inhibitors are necessary to explore their potential therapeutic effect as an adjunct to supportive measures and other therapeutic regiments."}, {"pmid": 32378729, "title": "COVID-19 - Toward a comprehensive understanding of the disease.", "journal": "Cardiol J", "authors": ["Kowalik, Maciej M", "Trzonkowski, Piotr", "Lasinska-Kowara, Magdalena", "Mital, Andrzej", "Smiatacz, Tomasz", "Jaguszewski, Milosz"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378729", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The evidence on the pathophysiology of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection is rapidly growing. Understanding why some patients suffering from COVID-19 are getting so sick, while others are not, has become an informal imperative for researchers and clinicians around the globe. The answer to this question would allow rationalizing the fear surrounding this pandemic. Understanding of the pathophysiology of COVID-19 relies on an understanding of interplaying mechanisms, including SARS-CoV-2 virulence, human immune response, and complex inflammatory reactions with coagulation playing a major role. An interplay with bacterial co-infections, as well as the vascular system and microcirculation affected throughout the body should also be examined. More importantly, a compre-hensive understanding of pathological mechanisms of COVID-19 will increase the efficacy of therapy and decrease mortality. Herewith, presented is the current state of knowledge on COVID-19: beginning from the virus, its transmission, and mechanisms of entry into the human body, through the pathological effects on the cellular level, up to immunological reaction, systemic and organ presentation. Last but not least, currently available and possible future therapeutic and diagnostic options are briefly commented on."}, {"pmid": 32409504, "title": "Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Mortality of COVID-19 Patients With Diabetes in Wuhan, China: A Two-Center, Retrospective Study.", "journal": "Diabetes Care", "authors": ["Shi, Qiao", "Zhang, Xiaoyi", "Jiang, Fang", "Zhang, Xuanzhe", "Hu, Ning", "Bimu, Chibu", "Feng, Jiarui", "Yan, Su", "Guan, Yongjun", "Xu, Dongxue", "He, Guangzhen", "Chen, Chen", "Xiong, Xingcheng", "Liu, Lei", "Li, Hanjun", "Tao, Jing", "Peng, Zhiyong", "Wang, Weixing"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409504", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diabetes is common in COVID-19 patients and associated with unfavorable outcomes. We aimed to describe the characteristics and outcomes and to analyze the risk factors for in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients with diabetes. This two-center retrospective study was performed at two tertiary hospitals in Wuhan, China. Confirmed COVID-19 patients with diabetes (N = 153) who were discharged or died from 1 January 2020 to 8 March 2020 were identified. One sex- and age-matched COVID-19 patient without diabetes was randomly selected for each patient with diabetes. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were abstracted. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors associated with the mortality in these patients. Of 1,561 COVID-19 patients, 153 (9.8%) had diabetes, with a median age of 64.0 (interquartile range 56.0-72.0) years. A higher proportion of intensive care unit admission (17.6% vs. 7.8%, P = 0.01) and more fatal cases (20.3% vs. 10.5%, P = 0.017) were identified in COVID-19 patients with diabetes than in the matched patients. Multivariable Cox regression analyses of these 306 patients showed that hypertension (hazard ratio [HR] 2.50, 95% CI 1.30-4.78), cardiovascular disease (HR 2.24, 95% CI 1.19-4.23), and chronic pulmonary disease (HR 2.51, 95% CI 1.07-5.90) were independently associated with in-hospital death. Diabetes (HR 1.58, 95% CI 0.84-2.99) was not statistically significantly associated with in-hospital death after adjustment. Among patients with diabetes, nonsurvivors were older (76.0 vs. 63.0 years), most were male (71.0% vs. 29.0%), and were more likely to have underlying hypertension (83.9% vs. 50.0%) and cardiovascular disease (45.2% vs. 14.8%) (all P values <0.05). Age \u226570 years (HR 2.39, 95% CI 1.03-5.56) and hypertension (HR 3.10, 95% CI 1.14-8.44) were independent risk factors for in-hospital death of patients with diabetes. COVID-19 patients with diabetes had worse outcomes compared with the sex- and age-matched patients without diabetes. Older age and comorbid hypertension independently contributed to in-hospital death of patients with diabetes."}, {"pmid": 32502748, "pmcid": "PMC7245312", "title": "Is it time to consider an income guarantee for the period that patients with COVID-19 spend in isolation: an Indian perspective.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Singh, S M", "Mohindra, R", "Shouan, A"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502748", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526068, "title": "Perspectives of patients with rheumatic diseases in the early phase of COVID-19.", "journal": "Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)", "authors": ["Antony, Anna", "Connelly, Kathryn", "De Silva, Thilinie", "Eades, Laura", "Tillett, William", "Ayoub, Sally", "Morand, Eric"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526068", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine health perceptions of patients with rheumatic diseases in the early phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Rheumatology patients at a single centre received via text message the national Rheumatology Association COVID-19 information sheet and an invitation to participate in a de-identified survey. Patient concerns regarding risks conferred by their rheumatological disease or medications, impact of receiving the information sheet on the likelihood of staying on medication, and acceptance of telehealth, were ascertained. 2,630 patients received the message and the survey response rate was 21% (n=550). Mean (\u00b1SD) age was 52 (\u00b115.2) years and 75% were female. Participants' highest ranked concern was that their medications would increase their severity of COVID-19 (76.1%). The highest levels of concern were seen in patients on combination conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) and/or a biologic/targeted synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (b/tsDMARD). There was no association between prednisolone dose and concern. While 63% of patients planned to continue their anti-rheumatic medications, a further 30% were more likely to stay on their medications as a result of receiving the information. Telehealth was acceptable to 98.4% of patients, but 28.1% felt this was only appropriate while infection control measures were in place. Concerns regarding the risk of COVID-19 among patients on anti-rheumatic drugs are common. Proactive dissemination of information is needed to address misconceptions relating to medication risk, improve medication adherence and minimise the risk of flares. Telehealth is acceptable to a majority of patients during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32424196, "pmcid": "PMC7232918", "title": "COVID-19 and cancer: do we really know what we think we know?", "journal": "Nat Rev Clin Oncol", "authors": ["Robinson, Andrew G", "Gyawali, Bishal", "Evans, Gerald"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424196", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347200, "pmcid": "PMC7189649", "title": "Strong associations and moderate predictive value of early symptoms for SARS-CoV-2 test positivity among healthcare workers, the Netherlands, March 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Tostmann, Alma", "Bradley, John", "Bousema, Teun", "Yiek, Wing-Kee", "Holwerda, Minke", "Bleeker-Rovers, Chantal", "Ten Oever, Jaap", "Meijer, Corianne", "Rahamat-Langendoen, Janette", "Hopman, Joost", "van der Geest-Blankert, Nannet", "Wertheim, Heiman"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347200", "countries": ["Netherlands"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Healthcare workers (n\u2009=\u2009803) with mild symptoms were tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (n\u2009=\u200990 positive) and asked to complete a symptom questionnaire. Anosmia, muscle ache, ocular pain, general malaise, headache, extreme tiredness and fever were associated with positivity. A predictive model based on these symptoms showed moderate discriminative value (sensitivity: 91.2%; specificity: 55.6%). While our models would not justify presumptive SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis without molecular confirmation, it can contribute to targeted screening strategies."}, {"pmid": 32363144, "pmcid": "PMC7194904", "title": "Inpatient use of mobile continuous telemetry for COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin.", "journal": "HeartRhythm Case Rep", "authors": ["Gabriels, James", "Saleh, Moussa", "Chang, David", "Epstein, Laurence M"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363144", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453817, "title": "Accelerating Education During COVID-19 Through Virtual Learning.", "journal": "Aesthet Surg J", "authors": ["Nahai, Foad", "Kenkel, Jeffrey"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453817", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395909, "pmcid": "PMC7272923", "title": "Recommended operating room practice during the COVID-19 pandemic: systematic review.", "journal": "BJS Open", "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395909", "countries": ["China", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic poses a critical global public health crisis. Operating room (OR) best practice in this crisis is poorly defined. This systematic review was performed to identify contemporary evidence relating to OR practice in the context of COVID-19. MEDLINE was searched systematically using PubMed (search date 19 March 2020) for relevant studies in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Documented practices and guidance were assessed to determine Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) levels of evidence, and recommendations for practice within five domains were extracted: physical OR, personnel, patient, procedure, and other factors. Thirty-five articles were identified, of which 11 met eligibility criteria. Nine articles constituted expert opinion and two were retrospective studies. All articles originated from the Far East (China, 9; Singapore, 2); eight of the articles concerned general surgery. Common themes were identified within each domain, but all recommendations were based on low levels of evidence (median OCEBM level 5 (range 4-5)). The highest number of overlapping recommendations related to physical OR (8 articles) and procedural factors (13). Although few recommendations related to personnel factors, consensus was high in this domain, with all studies mandating the use of personal protective equipment. There was little evidence to inform this systematic review, but there was consensus regarding many aspects of OR practice. Within the context of a rapidly evolving pandemic, timely amalgamation of global practice and experiences is needed to inform best practice."}, {"pmid": 32475635, "pmcid": "PMC7245306", "title": "Acute Mesenteric Ischemia in Severe Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19): Possible Mechanisms and Diagnostic Pathway.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Parry, Arshed Hussain", "Wani, Abdul Haseeb", "Yaseen, Mudasira"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475635", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32431134, "title": "How the COVID-19 infection tsunami revolutionized the work of respiratory physiotherapists: an experience from Northern Italy.", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Simonelli, Carla", "Paneroni, Mara", "Fokom, Aubin Georges", "Saleri, Manuela", "Speltoni, Ilaria", "Favero, Irene", "Garofali, Francesca", "Scalvini, Simonetta", "Vitacca, Michele"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431134", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to COVID-19 outbreak, to lighten the burden of acute and critical care hospitals, some respiratory rehabilitation departments have been used to host patients with COVID-19 in the post-acute phase. This new and unexpected situation required a change of roles and scheduling of the rehabilitation teams. In this manuscript we describe the unexpected and urgent organizational change of the Cardio-Pulmonary Rehabilitation (CPR) service during the COVID-19 emergency in a Northern Italian rehabilitation hospital, focusing on the Respiratory Physiotherapists' (RPTs) role. A quick three-days complete reorganization of the entire hospital was needed. A COVID-19 care team including a multidisciplinary panel of physicians, nurses, and RPTs was quickly performed to manage 90 beds for post acute patients with COVID-19. Within the team, the RPTs changed their shifts, so as to be available 16h per day, 7 days out of 7. Remodelled tasks in charge of RPTs were: oxygen therapy daily monitoring, non invasive ventilation (NIV) and continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) delivery, pronation and postural changes to improve oxygenation, reconditioning with leg/arm cranking and exercises, initial and final patients' functional assessment by short-physical performance battery (SPPB) and 1-minute sit-to-stand test (1-STS) to evaluate motor conditions and exercise-induced oxygen desaturation. Three \"what-to-do\" algorithms were developed to guide: i) oxygen de-escalation by reducing inhaled fraction of oxygen (FiO2); ii) oxygenation improvement through the use of Venturi mask; iii) reconditioning and physical activity. One-hundred seventy patients were treated in one month. As main topics, RPTs have been involved in oxygen therapy management in almost a third of the admitted patients, reconditioning exercises in 60% of the cases, and initial and final functional motor capacity assessment in all patients. Details of activities performed by the RPT in one typical working day are also shown. Our reorganization has exploited the professional skills and clinical expertise of the RPTs. This re-organization can provide practical insights to other facilities that are facing this crisis, and may be a starting point for implementing post-COVID-19 rehabilitation. Future studies will have to improve and review this organization."}, {"pmid": 32437586, "title": "Understanding the COVID-19 coagulopathy spectrum.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Thachil, J", "Agarwal, S"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437586", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-Cov-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has already claimed over 200,000 lives. Quite early on in this pandemic, it was recognised that the virus triggers the immune system leading to a cytokine storm in some severely ill patients [1]. This hyper-responsiveness has been suggested to be the predominant aetiology for clinical deterioration and mortality in patients with this infection [2]. More recently, there have been several reports of increased thrombotic events in these patients [3-6]. From a laboratory perspective, this hypercoagulability is reflected in the marked elevation of the fibrinolytic marker, D-dimer, in almost all hospitalised COVID-19 patients [7]. We must, therefore, ask ourselves what is the link between the extremes of the immune system, presenting as cytokine storm, and the extremes of coagulation, presenting as arterial and venous thromboembolism?"}, {"pmid": 32498689, "pmcid": "PMC7271132", "title": "Mortality rates of patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit: a systematic review of the emerging literature.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Quah, Pipetius", "Li, Andrew", "Phua, Jason"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498689", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484220, "title": "Discovery of G-quadruplex-forming sequences in SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Brief Bioinform", "authors": ["Ji, Danyang", "Juhas, Mario", "Tsang, Chi Man", "Kwok, Chun Kit", "Li, Yongshu", "Zhang, Yang"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484220", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has been declared a global health emergency. G-quadruplex structures in genomes have long been considered essential for regulating a number of biological processes in a plethora of organisms. We have analyzed and identified 25 four contiguous GG runs (G2NxG2NyG2NzG2) in the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome, suggesting putative G-quadruplex-forming sequences (PQSs). Detailed analysis of SARS-CoV-2 PQSs revealed their locations in the open reading frames of ORF1 ab, spike (S), ORF3a, membrane (M) and nucleocapsid (N) genes. Identical PQSs were also found in the other members of the Coronaviridae family. The top-ranked PQSs at positions 13385 and 24268 were confirmed to form RNA G-quadruplex structures in vitro by multiple spectroscopic assays. Furthermore, their direct interactions with viral helicase (nsp13) were determined by microscale thermophoresis. Molecular docking model suggests that nsp13 distorts the G-quadruplex structure by allowing the guanine bases to be flipped away from the guanine quartet planes. Targeting viral helicase and G-quadruplex structure represents an attractive approach for potentially inhibiting the SARS-CoV-2 virus."}, {"pmid": 32369214, "pmcid": "PMC7267393", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Three cases of redetectable positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA in recovered COVID-19 patients with antibodies.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Fu, Wei", "Chen, Qian", "Wang, Tao"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369214", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303023, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemia and Public and Global Mental Health from the Perspective of Global Health Securit.", "journal": "Psychiatr Danub", "authors": ["Jakovljevic, Miro", "Bjedov, Sarah", "Jaksic, Nenad", "Jakovljevic, Ivan"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303023", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic emerged in Wuhan, China and has spread all over the world and has caused huge threats to health and lives. It has affected different frontiers of lives and induced many psychiatric individual and collective problems such as panic, anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorders, suspiciousness, infodemia, cacophony, xenophobia, racisms, etc. The COVID-19 outbreak has induced public and global mental health crisis as well as a huge psycho-social experiment. Psychiatry and other mental health sciences can play very useful role in supporting the well-being of COVID-19 patients and their families, healthcare personnel and the society. For successful fighting with present and future pandemics we have to learn more about psychiatric and psychological aspects of COVID-19 from the perspectives of public and global mental health."}, {"pmid": 32216248, "title": "[Prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus infection in hemodialysis units].", "journal": "Salud Publica Mex", "authors": ["Vega-Vega, Olynka", "Arvizu-Hernandez, Mauricio", "Dominguez-Cherit, Jose Guillermo", "Sierra-Madero, Juan", "Correa-Rotter, Ricardo"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216248", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is of hich risk for patients on chronic hemodialysis due to their immunosuppressed state, advanced age, and the coexistence of significant comorbidities, in particular cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and others. Additionally, they constitute a closed conglomerate since they come to treatment regularly, spending hours in the treatment places, exposed to a possible acquisition of the infection. Finally, going to their treatment regularly prevents them from remaining in home isolation and with potential exposure. These recommendations summarize the interventions proposed by three international organizations and add some suggested by national experts, with the aim to early identify the patients and health personnel at risk and reducing the risk of infection."}, {"pmid": 32451939, "pmcid": "PMC7246959", "title": "\"Everything is a Mess\": How COVID-19 is Impacting Engagement with HIV Testing Services in Rural Southwestern Uganda.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Ponticiello, Matthew", "Mwanga-Amumpaire, Juliet", "Tushemereirwe, Patricia", "Nuwagaba, Gabriel", "King, Rachel", "Sundararajan, Radhika"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451939", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32176356, "pmcid": "PMC7228239", "title": "Is novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) transmitted through conjunctiva?", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Peng, Yuzhu", "Zhou, Yi-Hua"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32176356", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333204, "pmcid": "PMC7180655", "title": "COVID-19-Compliant Strategies for Supporting Treatment Adherence Among People Living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Nyoni, Thabani", "Okumu, Moses"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333204", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473139, "pmcid": "PMC7255234", "title": "Death threats after a trial on chloroquine for COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ektorp, Estella"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473139", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389317, "pmcid": "PMC7252151", "title": "Postponing the IV International Symposium on Fungal Stress (ISFUS) and the XIII International Fungal Biology Conference (IFBC) due to COVID-19.", "journal": "Fungal Biol", "authors": ["Rangel, Drauzio E N", "Aguirre, Jesus", "Alder-Rangel, Alene"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389317", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238585, "title": "Isolation and Full-Length Genome Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 from COVID-19 Cases in Northern Italy.", "journal": "J Virol", "authors": ["Licastro, Danilo", "Rajasekharan, Sreejith", "Dal Monego, Simeone", "Segat, Ludovica", "D'Agaro, Pierlanfranco", "Marcello, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238585", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338559, "title": "Low dose radiation therapy for COVID-19 pneumonia: is there any supportive evidence?", "journal": "Int J Radiat Biol", "authors": ["Salomaa, Sisko", "Cardis, Elisabeth", "Bouffler, Simon D", "Atkinson, Michael J", "Hamada, Nobuyuki"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338559", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473600, "title": "Mechanism of baricitinib supports artificial intelligence-predicted testing in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "EMBO Mol Med", "authors": ["Stebbing, Justin", "Krishnan, Venkatesh", "de Bono, Stephanie", "Ottaviani, Silvia", "Casalini, Giacomo", "Richardson, Peter J", "Monteil, Vanessa", "Lauschke, Volker M", "Mirazimi, Ali", "Youhanna, Sonia", "Tan, Yee-Joo", "Baldanti, Fausto", "Sarasini, Antonella", "Terres, Jorge A Ross", "Nickoloff, Brian J", "Higgs, Richard E", "Rocha, Guilherme", "Byers, Nicole L", "Schlichting, Douglas E", "Nirula, Ajay", "Cardoso, Anabela", "Corbellino, Mario"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473600", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Baricitinib, is an oral Janus kinase (JAK)1/JAK2 inhibitor approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that was independently predicted, using artificial intelligence (AI)-algorithms, to be useful for COVID-19 infection via a proposed anti-cytokine effects and as an inhibitor of host cell viral propagation. We evaluated the in vitro pharmacology of baricitinib across relevant leukocyte subpopulations coupled to its in vivo pharmacokinetics and showed it inhibited signaling of cytokines implicated in COVID-19 infection. We validated the AI-predicted biochemical inhibitory effects of baricitinib on human numb-associated kinase (hNAK) members measuring nanomolar affinities for AAK1, BIKE, and GAK. Inhibition of NAKs led to reduced viral infectivity with baricitinib using human primary liver spheroids. These effects occurred at exposure levels seen clinically. In a case series of patients with bilateral COVID-19 pneumonia, baricitinib treatment was associated with clinical and radiologic recovery, a rapid decline in SARS-CoV-2 viral load, inflammatory markers, and IL-6 levels. Collectively, these data support further evaluation of the anti-cytokine and anti-viral activity of baricitinib and supports its assessment in randomized trials in hospitalized COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32405096, "pmcid": "PMC7218349", "title": "COVID-19 and migrant workers: Lack of data and need for specific management.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Joob, B", "Wiwanitkit, V"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405096", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530469, "title": "Assessment of Sensitivity and Specificity of Patient-Collected Lower Nasal Specimens for Sudden Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Testing.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Altamirano, Jonathan", "Govindarajan, Prasanthi", "Blomkalns, Andra L", "Kushner, Lauren E", "Stevens, Bryan Andrew", "Pinsky, Benjamin A", "Maldonado, Yvonne"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530469", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32152594, "title": "Coronavirus close-up, faded star and orchestral operation - February's best science images.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Stoye, Emma"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32152594", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349933, "pmcid": "PMC7177126", "title": "Widespread Postponement of Functional Urology Cases During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Rationale, Potential Pitfalls, and Future Consequences.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Phe, Veronique", "Karsenty, Gilles", "Robert, Gregoire", "Game, Xavier", "Cornu, Jean-Nicolas"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349933", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268059, "title": "Supply of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) During the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ir Med J", "authors": ["Rohan, P", "O'Reilly, M K", "Gibney, B", "Nason, G J"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268059", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383969, "title": "Segmental Pulmonary Vascular Changes in COVID-19 Pneumonia.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Parry, Arshed Hussain", "Wani, Abdul Haseeb"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383969", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473138, "pmcid": "PMC7255338", "title": "Obstacles to COVID-19 control in east Africa.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Nakkazi, Esther"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473138", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32272550, "pmcid": "PMC7232148", "title": "Antiviral Agents: Discovery to Resistance.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Adamson, Catherine S"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272550", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the midst of the SARS-CoV-2/Covid-19 outbreak the need for research into, and development of, antiviral agents is brought into sharp focus worldwide for scientists, governments and the public alike [...]."}, {"pmid": 32395965, "title": "[Chest pain and dyspnea during the recovery period of COVID-19 pneumonia].", "journal": "Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd", "authors": ["Bloemen, Hannah", "Hagmolen Of Ten Have, Wanda", "Clappers-Gielen, Giny A L"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395965", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 31-year-old non-smoking male patient admitted with and intubated for COVID-19 pneumonia experienced acute chest pain and dyspnea during his recovery period. He was diagnosed with a pneumothorax based on major bullae formation due to COVID-19. The bullae were not visible after extubation and developed rapidly within a few days."}, {"pmid": 32345544, "pmcid": "PMC7180368", "title": "The clinical manifestations and management of COVID-19-related liver injury.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Su, Tung-Hung", "Kao, Jia-Horng"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345544", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32041792, "title": "Coronavirus: NHS staff get power to keep patients in isolation as UK declares \"serious threat\".", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-02-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32041792", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425288, "pmcid": "PMC7229922", "title": "Clinical and biochemical characteristics of patients admitted to ICU with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Blake, Alan", "Collins, Daniel", "O'Connor, Enda", "Bergin, Colm", "McLaughlin, Anne Marie", "Martin-Loeches, Ignacio"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425288", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394279, "pmcid": "PMC7214022", "title": "Comparison of chest CT findings between COVID-19 pneumonia and other types of viral pneumonia: a two-center retrospective study.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Li, Xiao", "Fang, Xu", "Bian, Yun", "Lu, Jianping"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394279", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To compare the pulmonary chest CT findings of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia with those with other types of viral pneumonia. This retrospective review includes 154 patients with RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia diagnosed between February 11 and 20, 2020, and 100 patients with other types of viral pneumonia diagnosed between April 2011 and December 2020 from two hospitals. High-resolution CT (HRCT) of the chest was performed. Data on location, distribution, attenuation, maximum lesion range, lobe involvement, number of lesions, air bronchogram signs, Hilar and mediastinal lymph node enlargement, and pleural effusion were collected. Associations between imaging characteristics and COVID-19 pneumonia were analyzed with univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. A peripheral distribution was associated with a 13.04-fold risk of COVID-19 pneumonia, compared with a diffuse distribution. A maximum lesion range >\u200910\u00a0cm was associated with a 9.75-fold risk of COVID-19 pneumonia, compared with a maximum lesion range \u2264\u00a05\u00a0cm, and the involvement of 5 lobes was associated with an 8.45-fold risk of COVID-19 pneumonia, compared with a maximum lesion range \u2264\u00a02. No pleural effusion was associated with a 3.58-fold risk of COVID-19 pneumonia compared with the presence of pleural effusion. Hilar and mediastinal lymph node enlargement was associated with a 2.79-fold risk of COVID-19 pneumonia. A peripheral distribution, a lesion range >\u200910\u00a0cm, involvement of 5 lobes, presence of hilar and mediastinal lymph node enlargement, and no pleural effusion were significantly associated with 2019-novel coronavirus pneumonia. \u2022 A peripheral distribution, a lesion range >\u200910\u00a0cm, involvement of 5 lobes, presence of hilar and mediastinal lymph node enlargement, and no pleural effusion were significantly associated with COVID-19 compared with other types of viral pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32434632, "title": "[Roles of the public-facility-turned temporary hospital in prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China and clinical experience in the hospital].", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wen, Chuan", "Tian, Ji-Dong", "Xie, Min", "Xu, Jun-Mei"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434632", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, the public-facility-turned temporary hospital (PFTH) has played an important role in preventing the spread of the epidemic. Wuchang PFTH is the first one to put into clinical practice and the last one suspended in Wuhan. The National Emergency Medical Rescue Team of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, together with other 13 medical teams (841 medical staff in total), have fulfilled the task for the treatment of non-severe COVID-19 patients, without any medical staff infected. The first author of the article was the only pediatrician working in the Wuchang PFTH. The author describes and summarizes the features/functions, management/operations, and advantages/challenges of the PFTH, in order to provide reference for medical institutions and relevant departments to deal with public health emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32437944, "pmcid": "PMC7207118", "title": "Development and Implementation of a Clinician-Facing Prognostic Communication Tool for Patients With COVID-19 and Critical Illness.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Gibbon, Lindsay M", "GrayBuck, Katherine E", "Buck, Laura I", "Huang, Kuang-Ning", "Penumarthy, Neela L", "Wu, Shirou", "Curtis, J Randall"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437944", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Effective prognostication for a novel disease presents significant challenges, especially given the stress induced during a pandemic. We developed a point-of-care tool to summarize outcome data for critically ill patients with COVID-19 and help guide clinicians through a thoughtful prognostication process. Two authors reviewed studies of outcomes of patients with critical illness due to COVID-19 and created a visual infographic tool based on available data. Survival data were supplemented by descriptions of best- and worst-case clinical scenarios. The tool also included prompts for clinician reflection designed to enhance awareness of cognitive biases that may affect prognostic accuracy. This online, open-source COVID-19 Prognostication Tool has been made available to all clinicians at our institution and is updated weekly to reflect evolving data. Our COVID-19 Prognostication Tool may provide a useful approach to promoting consistent and high-quality prognostic communication across a health care system."}, {"pmid": 32373321, "pmcid": "PMC7182300", "title": "COVID-19 in Bangladesh: Data deficiency to delayed decision.", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Huq, Samin", "Biswas, Raaj Kishore"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373321", "countries": ["Bangladesh"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294282, "pmcid": "PMC7262301", "title": "Face the COVID-19 emergency: measures applied in an Italian Dermatologic Clinic.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Marasca, C", "Ruggiero, A", "Annunziata, M C", "Fabbrocini, G", "Megna, M"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294282", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We have read with great interest the article by Radi et al. which reported the measures applied in order to limit the spread of coronavirus-infection in their dermatological clinic. Particularly they described all the exceptional precautionary measures adopted in order to face COVID-19-emergency and to reduce the spread of infection. Herein we report the experience of our dermatologic Clinic (University of Naples Federico II) which has a very large catchment area and a high number of annually visits (59000 visits in the 2019)."}, {"pmid": 32502034, "title": "The epidemiological characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in Jingmen, Hubei, China.", "journal": "Medicine (Baltimore)", "authors": ["Gao, Qijun", "Hu, Yingfu", "Dai, Zhiguo", "Xiao, Feng", "Wang, Jing", "Wu, Jing"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502034", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is currently a global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and its epidemic characteristics in the areas where the outbreak has been successfully controlled are rarely reported.Describe the epidemic characteristics of COVID-19 in Jingmen, Hubei, introduce the local prevention and control experience, and observe the impact of various prevention and control measures on the number of new cases.All the COVID-19 patients diagnosed in the municipal districts of Jingmen from January 12 to February 29, 2020 were enrolled in this study. We described epidemiological data and observed the impact of control measures on the epidemic.Of the 219 cases (110 men and 109 women), 88 (40%) had exposure to Wuhan. The median age was 48 years (range, 2-88 years; IQR, 35-60). Thirty-three severe patients with a median age of 66 years (range, 33-82 years, IQR, 57-76) were treated in intensive care units; out of these patients, 66.7% (22) were men and 19 (57.5%) had chronic diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, stroke, and renal insufficiency. Under the control measures, the number of new patients gradually decreased and nearly disappeared after 18 days. Wearing masks in all kinds of situations prevents most infections and is one of the most effective prevention and control measures.In conclusion, all people are susceptible to COVID-19, and older males and those with comorbid conditions are more likely to become severe cases. Even though COVID-19 is highly contagious, control measures have proven to be very effective, particularly wearing masks, which could prevent most infections."}, {"pmid": 32490797, "title": "Developing Trust With Early Medical School Graduates During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Hosp Med", "authors": ["Kinnear, Benjamin", "Kelleher, Matthew", "Olson, Andrew Pj", "Sall, Dana", "Schumacher, Daniel J"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490797", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292901, "pmcid": "PMC7142689", "title": "Pathogenic Priming Likely Contributes to Serious and Critical Illness and Mortality in COVID-19 via Autoimmunity.", "journal": "J Transl Autoimmun", "authors": ["Lyons-Weiler, James"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292901", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Homology between human and viral proteins is an established factor in viral- or vaccine-induced autoimmunity. Failure of SARS and MERS vaccines in animal trials involved pathogenesis consistent with an immunological priming that could involve autoimmunity in lung tissues due to previous exposure to the SARS and MERS spike protein. Exposure pathogenesis to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 likely will lead to similar outcomes. Immunogenic peptides in viruses or bacteria that match human proteins are good candidates for pathogenic priming peptides (similar to the more diffuse idea of \"immune enhancement\"). Here I provide an assessment of potential for human pathogenesis via autoimmunity via exposure, via infection or injection. SAR-CoV-2 spike proteins, and all other SARS-CoV-2 proteins, immunogenic epitopes in each SARS-CoV-2 protein were compared to human proteins in search of high local homologous matching. Only one immunogenic epitope in a SARS-CoV-2 had no homology to human proteins. If all of the parts of the epitopes that are homologous to human proteins are excluded from consideration due to risk of pathogenic priming, the remaining immunogenic parts of the epitopes may be still immunogenic and remain as potentially viable candidates for vaccine development. Mapping of the genes encoding human protein matches to pathways point to targets that could explain the observed presentation of symptoms in COVID-19 disease. It also strongly points to a large number of opportunities for expected disturbances in the immune system itself, targeting elements of MCH Class I and Class II antigen presentation, PD-1 signaling, cross-presentation of soluble exogenous antigens and the ER-Phagosome pathway. Translational consequences of these findings are explored."}, {"pmid": 32242762, "title": "Safe Handling of Containers of Expressed Human Milk in all Settings During the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "J Hum Lact", "authors": ["Marinelli, Kathleen A", "Lawrence, Robert M"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242762", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496223, "title": "The psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on physicians in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.", "journal": "Saudi J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Al Sulais, Eman", "Mosli, Mahmoud", "AlAmeel, Turki"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496223", "countries": ["Canada", "Saudi Arabia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic exposed physicians to extraordinary stress and made them vulnerable to various types of psychological illnesses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic had on the psychological well-being of physicians. We performed a cross-sectional, survey-based study, targeting physicians in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary outcome was to assess the psychological impact that the pandemic had on physicians by using a questionnaire that was previously designed and used by Reynold's et al. to survey Canadians during the SARS outbreak in 2003. The questionnaire assessed respondents' understanding of the rationale for quarantine, quarantine behaviors (including difficulties and compliance), as well as socio-economic and psychological impacts through answers that are based on a Likert scale. We also assessed the possible risk factors for psychological disorders related to the pandemic. The study included 529 physicians from various regions in Saudi Arabia. The enrolled physicians were practicing different specialties and branches in medicine. We classified them based on their workplace in relation to COVID-19 exposure to: COVID-19 designated center vs. non-COVID-19 designated centers. Furthermore, we subdivided the physicians who work in COVID-19 designated centers to those who work in high-risk areas such as ER, ICU and COVID-19 isolation wards and other areas as low-risk areas. The most common feelings reported by the physicians during the pandemic were: worry (357, 67.5%), isolation (301, 56.9%) and fear (263, 49.7%). According to logistic regression analysis, physicians older than age 60 were less likely to feel isolated (OR = 0.08, 95% CI = 0.01-0.96, P = 0.05), female physicians were more likely to experience fear (OR = 2.96, 95% CI = 1.20 - 7.27, P = 0.02) and worry (OR = 2.87,95% CI = 1.23 - 6.69, P = 0.02), while physicians with a previous exposure to similar traumatic events were less likely to experience fear (OR = 0.24, 0.10 - 0.64, P = 0.004) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative psychological effect on physicians in Saudi Arabia. Gender, age, and previous exposure to similar traumatic events were predictive of psychological reactions to the pandemic in this population."}, {"pmid": 32215677, "pmcid": "PMC7095465", "title": "Suggestions for safety and protection control in Department of Nuclear Medicine during the outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Zhang, Xiao", "Shao, Fuqiang", "Lan, Xiaoli"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215677", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468425, "pmcid": "PMC7255448", "title": "An Updated Systematic Review of the Therapeutic Role of Hydroxychloroquine in Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Clin Drug Investig", "authors": ["Das, Saibal", "Bhowmick, Subhrojyoti", "Tiwari, Sayali", "Sen, Sukanta"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468425", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is currently experiencing the Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. There is no approved drug for the definitive treatment of the disease. Various drugs are being tried for the treatment of COVID-19, including hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). This study was performed to systematically review the therapeutic role of HCQ in COVID-19 from the available literature. PubMed, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, ICTRP (WHO), Cochrane Library databases, and two pre-print servers (medRxiv.org and Research Square) were searched for clinical studies that evaluated the therapeutic role of HCQ on COVID-19 until 10 May 2020. The available studies were critically analyzed and the data were extracted. A total of 663 articles were screened and 12 clinical studies (seven peer-reviewed and published studies and five non-peer-reviewed studies from pre-print servers) with a total sample size of 3543 patients were included. Some of the clinical studies demonstrated good virological and clinical outcomes with HCQ alone or in combination with azithromycin in COVID-19 patients, although the studies had major methodological limitations. Some of the other studies showed negative results with HCQ therapy along with the risk of adverse reactions. The results of efficacy and safety of HCQ in COVID-19, as obtained from the clinical studies, are not satisfactory, although many of these studies had major methodological limitations. Stronger evidence from well-designed robust randomized clinical trials is required before conclusively determining the role of HCQ in the treatment of COVID-19. Clinical prudence is required in advocating HCQ as a therapeutic armamentarium in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32289478, "pmcid": "PMC7151298", "title": "Statins in coronavirus outbreak: It's time for experimental and clinical studies.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Bifulco, Maurizio", "Gazzerro, Patrizia"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289478", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292899, "pmcid": "PMC7128617", "title": "Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing surgeries during the incubation period of COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Lei, Shaoqing", "Jiang, Fang", "Su, Wating", "Chen, Chang", "Chen, Jingli", "Mei, Wei", "Zhan, Li-Ying", "Jia, Yifan", "Zhang, Liangqing", "Liu, Danyong", "Xia, Zhong-Yuan", "Xia, Zhengyuan"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292899", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, has spread rapidly worldwide. In the early stage, we encountered a small but meaningful number of patients who were unintentionally scheduled for elective surgeries during the incubation period of COVID-19. We intended to describe their clinical characteristics and outcomes. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 34 patients underwent elective surgeries during the incubation period of COVID-19 at Renmin Hospital, Zhongnan Hospital, Tongji Hospital and Central Hospital in Wuhan, from January 1 to February 5, 2020. Of the 34 operative patients, the median age was 55 years (IQR, 43-63), and 20 (58\u00b78%) patients were women. All patients developed COVID-19 pneumonia shortly after surgery with abnormal findings on chest computed tomographic scans. Common symptoms included fever (31 [91\u00b72%]), fatigue (25 [73\u00b75%]) and dry cough (18 [52\u00b79%]). 15 (44\u00b71%) patients required admission to intensive care unit (ICU) during disease progression, and 7 patients (20\u00b75%) died after admission to ICU. Compared with non-ICU patients, ICU patients were older, were more likely to have underlying comorbidities, underwent more difficult surgeries, as well as more severe laboratory abnormalities (eg, hyperleukocytemia, lymphopenia). The most common complications in non-survivors included ARDS, shock, arrhythmia and acute cardiac injury. In this retrospective cohort study of 34 operative patients with confirmed COVID-19, 15 (44\u00b71%) patients needed ICU care, and the mortality rate was 20\u00b75%. National Natural Science Foundation of China."}, {"pmid": 32385691, "pmcid": "PMC7209972", "title": "Distance learning in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Arch Dermatol Res", "authors": ["Schneider, Samantha L", "Council, Martha Laurin"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385691", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has necessitated a dramatic shift in how our dermatology residents and fellows are educated. Distance or online learning has become the norm, and several national and international academic societies have combined resources to assure\u00a0that continuing medical education occurs during this difficult time. The purpose of this communication is to review select online resources available to dermatology trainees and to encourage our colleagues to continue to advance our specialty through distance learning."}, {"pmid": 32464651, "title": "Health Equity, Social Policy, and Promoting Recovery from COVID-19.", "journal": "J Health Polit Policy Law", "authors": ["Lynch, Julia"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464651", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed starkly and publicly the close interconnections between social and economic inequality, health equity, and population health. To better understand what social policies would best promote population health, economic recovery, and preparedness for future pandemics, we must look both upstream and abroad for inspiration. In this essay, I argue for a suite of near-term and longer-term interventions, including universal health insurance and paid sick leave, upgraded wage insurance policies, tax reform, investments in parental leave, child care, and education, and upgraded government record systems. Policies that equalize the distribution of the social determinants of health and promote social solidarity will also improve population health and economic performance and allow us to confront future pandemics more successfully."}, {"pmid": 32457811, "pmcid": "PMC7240166", "title": "The lethal sex gap: COVID-19.", "journal": "Immun Ageing", "authors": ["Marquez, Eladio J", "Trowbridge, Jennifer", "Kuchel, George A", "Banchereau, Jacques", "Ucar, Duygu"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457811", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is disrupting lives across the globe for everyone, it has a more devastating impact on the health of older adults, especially that of older men. This pandemic has highlighted the crucial importance of considering an individual's age and biological sex in the clinic in addition to other confounding diseases (Kuchel, G.A, J Am Geriatr Soc, 67, 203, 2019, Tannenbaum, C., Nature, 575 451-458, 2009) As an interdisciplinary team of scientists in immunology, hematology, genomics, bioinformatics, and geriatrics, we have been studying how age and sex shape the human immune system. Herein we reflect on how our recent findings on the alterations of the immune system in aging might contribute to our current understanding of COVID-19 infection rate and disease risk."}, {"pmid": 32460551, "title": "The Time of Uncertainty in Poland.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Dzida, Grzegorz J"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460551", "countries": ["Poland"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405050, "pmcid": "PMC7220647", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic will redefine the future delivery of glaucoma care.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Jayaram, Hari", "Strouthidis, Nicholas G", "Gazzard, Gus"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405050", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295153, "title": "What Does Plant-Based Vaccine Technology Offer to the Fight against COVID-19?", "journal": "Vaccines (Basel)", "authors": ["Rosales-Mendoza, Sergio", "Marquez-Escobar, Veronica A", "Gonzalez-Ortega, Omar", "Nieto-Gomez, Ricardo", "Arevalo-Villalobos, Jaime I"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295153", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of new pathogenic viral strains is a constant threat to global health, with the new coronavirus strain COVID-19 as the latest example. COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has quickly spread around the globe. This pandemic demands rapid development of drugs and vaccines. Plant-based vaccines are a technology with proven viability, which have led to promising results for candidates evaluated at the clinical level, meaning this technology could contribute towards the fight against COVID-19. Herein, a perspective in how plant-based vaccines can be developed against COVID-19 is presented. Injectable vaccines could be generated by using transient expression systems, which offer the highest protein yields and are already adopted at the industrial level to produce VLPs-vaccines and other biopharmaceuticals under GMPC-processes. Stably-transformed plants are another option, but this approach requires more time for the development of antigen-producing lines. Nonetheless, this approach offers the possibility of developing oral vaccines in which the plant cell could act as the antigen delivery agent. Therefore, this is the most attractive approach in terms of cost, easy delivery, and mucosal immunity induction. The development of multiepitope, rationally-designed vaccines is also discussed regarding the experience gained in expression of chimeric immunogenic proteins in plant systems."}, {"pmid": 32200109, "pmcid": "PMC7270599", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 turned positive in a discharged patient with COVID-19 arouses concern regarding the present standard for discharge.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhang, Jing-Feng", "Yan, Kun", "Ye, Hong-Hua", "Lin, Jie", "Zheng, Jian-Jun", "Cai, Ting"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32200109", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China caused by SARS-CoV-2 has led to a serious epidemic in China and other countries, resulting in worldwide concern. With the active efforts from prevention and control, the quantity of discharged patients is escalating. How to manage these patients normatively is still challenging. We hereby reported an asymptomatic discharged patient with COVID-19 who was retested positive for SARS-CoV-2, which arouses concern regarding the present discharge standard of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32198004, "pmcid": "PMC7128446", "title": "A patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy in Qingdao, China.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Wen, Rong", "Sun, Yue", "Xing, Quan-Sheng"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198004", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32032529, "pmcid": "PMC7137985", "title": "Baricitinib as potential treatment for 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Richardson, Peter", "Griffin, Ivan", "Tucker, Catherine", "Smith, Dan", "Oechsle, Olly", "Phelan, Anne", "Stebbing, Justin"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32032529", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268374, "pmcid": "PMC7184413", "title": "Keep taking your ACE inhibitors and ARBs during the COVID 19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Speth, Robert C"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268374", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32181672, "title": "Early Clinical and CT Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Han, Rui", "Huang, Lu", "Jiang, Hong", "Dong, Jin", "Peng, Hongfen", "Zhang, Dongyou"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32181672", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to investigate early clinical and CT manifestations of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia confirmed by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid test (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) were enrolled in this retrospective study. The clinical manifestations, laboratory results, and CT findings were evaluated. RESULTS. One hundred eight patients (38 men, 70 women; age range, 21-90 years) were included in the study. The clinical manifestations were fever in 94 of 108 (87%) patients, dry cough in 65 (60%), and fatigue in 42 (39%). The laboratory results were normal WBC count in 97 (90%) patients and normal or reduced lymphocyte count in 65 (60%). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein level was elevated in 107 (99%) patients. The distribution of involved lobes was one lobe in 38 (35%) patients, two or three lobes in 24 (22%), and four or five lobes in 46 (43%). The major involvement was peripheral (97 patients [90%]), and the common lesion shape was patchy (93 patients [86%]). Sixty-five (60%) patients had ground-glass opacity (GGO), and 44 (41%) had GGO with consolidation. The size of lesions varied from smaller than 1 cm (10 patients [9%]) to larger than 3 cm (56 patients [52%]). Vascular thickening (86 patients [80%]), crazy paving pattern (43 patients [40%]), air bronchogram sign (52 patients [48%]), and halo sign (69 [64%]) were also observed in this study. CONCLUSION. The early clinical and laboratory findings of COVID-19 pneumonia are low to midgrade fever, dry cough, and fatigue with normal WBC count, reduced lymphocyte count, and elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level. The early CT findings are patchy GGO with or without consolidation involving multiple lobes, mainly in the peripheral zone, accompanied by halo sign, vascular thickening, crazy paving pattern, or air bronchogram sign."}, {"pmid": 32513345, "title": "Two complementary model-based methods for calculating the risk of international spreading of anovel virus from the outbreak epicentre. The case of COVID-19.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Massad, Eduardo", "Amaku, Marcos", "Wilder-Smith, Annelies", "Santos, Paulo Cesar Costa Dos", "Struchiner, Claudio Jose", "Coutinho, Francisco Antonio Bezerra"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513345", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352850, "title": "COVID-19 Exposes Need for Progressive Criminal Justice Reform.", "journal": "Am J Public Health", "authors": ["Nowotny, Kathryn", "Bailey, Zinzi", "Omori, Marisa", "Brinkley-Rubinstein, Lauren"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352850", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415305, "pmcid": "PMC7239118", "title": "When cancer encounters COVID-19 in China: what have we suffered, experienced and learned.", "journal": "Jpn J Clin Oncol", "authors": ["Chen, Haiyang", "Wu, Xuan", "Wang, Wei", "Wang, Qiming"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415305", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. As of 21 March 2020, this epidemic has spread to 179 countries with more than 200 000 confirmed cases and 8578 deaths. The outbreak has put enormous pressure on the medical establishment and even led to exhaustion of medical resources in the most affected areas. Other medical work has been significantly affected in the context of COVID-19 epidemic. In order to reduce or avoid cross-infection with COVID-19, many hospitals have taken measures to limit the number of outpatient visits and inpatients. For example, emergency surgery can only be guaranteed, and most other surgeries can be postponed. Patients with cancer are one of the groups most affected by the epidemic because of their systematic immunosuppressive state and requirement of frequent admission to hospital. Consequently, specific adjustments for their treatment need to be made to cope with this situation. Therefore, it is of significance to summarize the relevant experience of China in the prevention and control of COVID-19 infection and treatment of patients with cancer during the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32491298, "title": "Gender differences in the frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms and olfactory or taste disorders among 1,942 non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Sierpinski, Radoslaw", "Pinkas, Jaroslaw", "Jankowski, Mateusz", "Zgliczynski, Wojciech S", "Wierzba, Waldemar", "Gujski, Mariusz", "Szumowski, Lukasz"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491298", "countries": ["Poland"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID 19) is a communicable disease caused by novel coronavirus. This study aimed to assess self-reported frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms and olfactory or taste disorders in non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Poland. This cross-sectional survey was conducted between April 17 and 18, 2020, among 4,516 non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Poland. The questionnaire included eight questions related to the health status, symptoms of COVID-19, comorbidities, and smoking status. Completed questionnaires were obtained from 1,942 patients with COVID-19, a response rate of 43%. The median age of the respondents was 50 years; 60.2% were women. Among non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19, 21.3% had hypertension, 4.5% had diabetes, and 3.1% of COVID-19 cases had chronic respiratory disease. Regular tobacco use was declared by 11.2% of patients with COVID-19. At least one gastrointestinal symptom was reported by 53.6% of patients. Almost half of patients (47%) with COVID-19 reported lack of appetite and 24.2% reported diarrhea. Among 1,942 interviewed patients, 54.2% reported at least one olfactory or taste disorder and 42.5% reported both alterations. Self-reported olfactory and taste disorders were 49.2% and 47.5%, respectively. Self-reported frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms and olfactory or taste disorders during COVID-19 course was significantly higher (p<0.001) among women than men. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that olfactory and taste disorders are frequent symptoms in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients. Moreover, our study indicates gender differences in the frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms and olfactory or taste disorders among non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32223856, "title": "Cochrane Corner: Coronavirus (COVID-19): infection control and prevention measures.", "journal": "J Prim Health Care", "authors": ["Jordan, Vanessa"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223856", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508026, "title": "A new and rapid approach for detecting COVID-19 based on S1 protein fragments.", "journal": "Clin Transl Med", "authors": ["Li, Hua", "Liu, Zhe", "He, Yue", "Qi, Yingjie", "Chen, Jie", "Ma, Yuanyuan", "Liu, Fujia", "Lai, Kaisheng", "Zhang, Yong", "Jiang, Liu", "Wang, Xiangdong", "Ge, Junbo"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508026", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) seriously threatened the public health all over the world. A colloidal gold immunochromatography assay for IgM/IgG antibodies against the receptor-binding domain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) S1 protein was established to assess its rapid diagnostic value. We first designed and manufactured all contents of the test cassette of SARS-CoV-2 rapid test kit: the colloidal gold-labeled mouse-antihuman lgM/lgG antibody, the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 antigen, the nitrocellulose membrane control line, and specimen diluents. Furthermore, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, colloidal gold immunochromatography assay, serological validation of cross reaction with other common viruses, and clinical validation were performed. The kit was finally evaluated by 75 serum/plasma samples of SARS-CoV-2 infection cases and 139 healthy samples as control, with the result of that the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for IgM were 90.67%, 97.84%, and 95.33%, whereas for IgG were 69.33%, 99.28%, and 88.79%, respectively; the combination of IgM and IgG could improve the value: 92.00%, 97.12%, and 95.33%, respectively. Therefore, the rapid detection kit has high sensitivity and specificity, especially for IgM&IgG, showing a critical value in clinical application and epidemic control of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32504746, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in tears and conjunctival secretions of COVID-19 patients with conjunctivitis.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Guemes-Villahoz, Noemi", "Burgos-Blasco, Barbara", "Vilela, Ana Arribi", "Arriola-Villalobos, Pedro", "Vidal-Villegas, Beatriz", "Mendez-Fernandez, Rosalia", "Delgado-Iribarren, Alberto", "Feijoo, Julian Garcia"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504746", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359080, "pmcid": "PMC7256127", "title": "Off-target ACE2 ligands: Possible therapeutic option for CoVid-19?", "journal": "Br J Clin Pharmacol", "authors": ["Brogi, Simone", "Calderone, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359080", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32248564, "title": "Resilience or resistance: A personal response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Cleland, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32248564", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527299, "pmcid": "PMC7288257", "title": "Intra-hospital preventive principles to protect frontline healthcare workers to overcome pandemic COVID-19 in Taiwan.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Tan, Ting-Wan", "Chang, Chih-Ming", "Chang, Man-Na"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527299", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478882, "title": "The great pandemic of 2020: A defining moment for Heart Rhythm Societies and their members.", "journal": "J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol", "authors": ["Lemery, Robert"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478882", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444269, "pmcid": "PMC7195015", "title": "Immunotherapies for COVID-19: lessons learned from sepsis.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Remy, Kenneth E", "Brakenridge, Scott C", "Francois, Bruno", "Daix, Thomas", "Deutschman, Clifford S", "Monneret, Guillaume", "Jeannet, Robin", "Laterre, Pierre-Francois", "Hotchkiss, Richard S", "Moldawer, Lyle L"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444269", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499181, "pmcid": "PMC7196392", "title": "Hospital-at-Home as an Alternative to Release the Overload of Healthcare Systems During the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Med Dir Assoc", "authors": ["Arias-de la Torre, Jorge", "Alonso, Jordi", "Martin, Vicente", "Valderas, Jose M"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499181", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430057, "pmcid": "PMC7235543", "title": "Adjuvant corticosteroid therapy for critically ill patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Lu, Xiaofan", "Chen, Taige", "Wang, Yang", "Wang, Jun", "Yan, Fangrong"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430057", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304746, "pmcid": "PMC7159869", "title": "A report of three COVID-19 cases with prolonged viral RNA detection in anal swabs.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Hu, Y", "Shen, L", "Yao, Y", "Xu, Z", "Zhou, J", "Zhou, H"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304746", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271726, "pmcid": "PMC7147909", "title": "Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Among Residents and Staff Members of an Independent and Assisted Living Community for Older Adults - Seattle, Washington, 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Roxby, Alison C", "Greninger, Alexander L", "Hatfield, Kelly M", "Lynch, John B", "Dellit, Timothy H", "James, Allison", "Taylor, Joanne", "Page, Libby C", "Kimball, Anne", "Arons, Melissa", "Schieve, Laura A", "Munanga, Albert", "Stone, Nimalie", "Jernigan, John A", "Reddy, Sujan C", "Lewis, James", "Cohen, Seth A", "Jerome, Keith R", "Duchin, Jeffrey S", "Neme, Santiago"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271726", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the Seattle, Washington metropolitan area, where the first case of novel coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) in the United States was reported (1), a community-level outbreak is ongoing with evidence of rapid spread and high morbidity and mortality among older adults in long-term care skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) (2,3). However, COVID-19 morbidity among residents of senior independent and assisted living communities, in which residents do not live as closely together as do residents in SNFs and do not require skilled nursing services, has not been described. During March 5-9, 2020, two residents of a senior independent and assisted living community in Seattle (facility 1) were hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 infection; on March 6, social distancing and other preventive measures were implemented in the community. UW Medicine (the health system linked to the University of Washington), Public Health - Seattle & King County, and CDC conducted an investigation at the facility. On March 10, all residents and staff members at facility 1 were tested for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, and asked to complete a questionnaire about their symptoms; all residents were tested again 7 days later. Among 142 residents and staff members tested during the initial phase, three of 80 residents (3.8%) and two of 62 staff members (3.2%) had positive test results. The three residents had no symptoms at the time of testing, although one reported an earlier cough that had resolved. A fourth resident, who had negative test results in the initial phase, had positive test results 7 days later. This resident was asymptomatic on both days. Possible explanations for so few cases of COVID-19 in this residential community compared with those in several Seattle SNFs with high morbidity and mortality include more social distancing among residents and less contact with health care providers. In addition, early implementation of stringent isolation and protective measures after identification of two COVID-19 cases might have been effective in minimizing spread of the virus in this type of setting. When investigating a potential outbreak of COVID-19 in senior independent and assisted living communities, symptom screening is unlikely to be sufficient to identify all persons infected with SARS-CoV-2. Adherence to CDC guidance to prevent COVID-19 transmission in senior independent and assisted living communities (4) could be instrumental in preventing a facility outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32322822, "pmcid": "PMC7174985", "title": "THREE INSIGHTS ON PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY OF MOOD DISORDERS TO BE TAKEN FROM THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun Health", "authors": ["Brietzke, Elisa", "Magee, Taylor", "Freire, Rafael C R", "Gomes, Fabiano A", "Milev, Roumen"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322822", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the recent months, the world was taken by surprise by the outbreak of a coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic (COVID-19). The COVID-19 pandemic is a unique opportunity to advance the understanding of the association of respiratory viruses with mood disorders and suicide. In this editorial, we explore three insights to the neuropsychoneuroimmunology of mood disorders that could be taken from the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32387343, "pmcid": "PMC7199725", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: \"Three-steps\" infection model and CSF diagnostic implication.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Panciani, Pier Paolo", "Saraceno, Giorgio", "Zanin, Luca", "Renisi, Giulia", "Signorini, Liana", "Battaglia, Luigi", "Fontanella, Marco Maria"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387343", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221526, "pmcid": "PMC7184492", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak and inflammatory bowel disease management: a questionnaire survey from realistic practice.", "journal": "J Crohns Colitis", "authors": ["Bai, Xiaoyin", "Yang, Hong", "Qian, Jiaming"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221526", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32494576, "pmcid": "PMC7248349", "title": "COVID-19 follow-up planning: what will we be missing?", "journal": "ERJ Open Res", "authors": ["Lee, Lydia", "Iyer, Sriram", "Jose, Ricardo J", "Manuel, Ari"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494576", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is a real need for a discharge plan for COVID-19 survivors in the UK. Follow-up imaging could help assess the resolution of infection, exclude underlying malignancy and identify post-inflammatory fibrosis. https://bit.ly/2YJ8hyg."}, {"pmid": 32475746, "pmcid": "PMC7242972", "title": "Reply to Vincenzo Ficarra, Giuseppe Mucciardi, and Gianluca Giannarini's Letter to the Editor re: Riccardo Campi, Daniele Amparore, Umberto Capitanio, et al. Assessing the Burden of Nondeferrable Major Uro-oncologic Surgery to Guide Prioritisation Strategies During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights from Three Italian High-volume Referral Centres. Eur Urol. In Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2020.03.054.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Campi, Riccardo", "Amparore, Daniele", "Capitanio, Umberto", "Checcucci, Enrico", "Salonia, Andrea", "Fiori, Cristian", "Minervini, Andrea", "Briganti, Alberto", "Carini, Marco", "Montorsi, Francesco", "Serni, Sergio", "Porpiglia, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475746", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383171, "pmcid": "PMC7267605", "title": "Asymptomatic cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wang, Yishan", "Kang, Hanyujie", "Liu, Xuefeng", "Tong, Zhaohui"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383171", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 31 March 2020, Chinese Health Authorization announced that numbers of asymptomatic cases with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection will be made to the public daily. This was a very important step since different counties have different capacities for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection and control strategy for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreak. We summarized the characteristics of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections and the transmission potential of asymptomatic cases. Then we provided guidelines for the management of asymptomatic cases through quarantine and nucleic acid/serology tests."}, {"pmid": 32398976, "pmcid": "PMC7214778", "title": "siRNA could be a potential therapy for COVID-19.", "journal": "EXCLI J", "authors": ["Ghosh, Sanhita", "Firdous, Sayeed Mohammad", "Nath, Anirban"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398976", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452954, "title": "A Snapshot of Elective Oncological Surgery in Italy During COVID-19 Emergency: Pearls, Pitfalls, and Perspectives.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Torzilli, Guido", "Vigano, Luca", "Galvanin, Jacopo", "Castoro, Carlo", "Quagliuolo, Vittorio", "Spinelli, Antonino", "Zerbi, Alessandro", "Donadon, Matteo", "Montorsi, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452954", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze the impact of COVID-19 emergency on elective oncological surgical activity in Italy. COVID-19 emergency shocked national health systems, subtracting resources from treatment of other diseases. Its impact on surgical oncology is still to elucidate. A 56-question survey regarding the oncological surgical activity in Italy during the COVID-19 emergency was sent to referral centers for hepato-bilio-pancreatic, colorectal, esophago-gastric, and sarcoma/soft-tissue tumors. The survey portrays the situation 5 weeks after the first case of secondary transmission in Italy. In total, 54 surgical Units in 36 Hospitals completed the survey (95%). After COVID-19 emergency, 70% of Units had reduction of hospital beds (median -50%) and 76% of surgical activity (median -50%). The number of surgical procedures decreased: 3.8 (interquartile range 2.7-5.4) per week before the emergency versus 2.6 (22-4.4) after (P = 0.036). In Lombardy, the most involved district, the number decreased from 3.9 to 2 procedures per week. The time interval between multidisciplinary discussion and surgery more than doubled: 7 (6-10) versus 3 (3-4) weeks (P < 0.001). Two-third (n = 34) of departments had repeat multidisciplinary discussion of patients. The commonest criteria to prioritize surgery were tumor biology (80%), time interval from neoadjuvant therapy (61%), risk of becoming unresectable (57%), and tumor-related symptoms (52%). Oncological hub-and-spoke program was planned in 29 departments, but was active only in 10 (19%). This survey showed how surgical oncology suffered remarkable reduction of the activity resulting in doubled waiting-list. The oncological hub-and-spoke program did not work adequately. The reassessment of healthcare systems to better protect the oncological path seems a priority."}, {"pmid": 32220278, "pmcid": "PMC7138169", "title": "Immunosuppression for hyperinflammation in COVID-19: a double-edged sword?", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Ritchie, Andrew I", "Singanayagam, Aran"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220278", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427179, "pmcid": "PMC7228882", "title": "Prone positioning in management of COVID-19 hospitalized patients.", "journal": "Braz J Anesthesiol", "authors": ["Moghadam, Vahid Damanpak", "Shafiee, Hamed", "Ghorbani, Maryam", "Heidarifar, Reza"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427179", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500936, "title": "Case series of six kidney transplanted patients with COVID-19 pneumonia treated with tocilizumab.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Mella, Alberto", "Mingozzi, Silvia", "Gallo, Ester", "Lavacca, Antonio", "Rossetti, Maura Maria", "Clari, Roberta", "Randone, Olga", "Maffei, Stefano", "Salomone, Mario", "Imperiale, Daniele", "Biancone, Luigi"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500936", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Few reports described the outcome of kidney transplanted patients (KTs) affected by COVID-19 treated with interleukin-6 receptor inhibitor Tocilizumab (TCZ). We report our case series of 6 KTs with COVID-19 pneumonia who received TCZ: all were of male gender, with a mean age of 55.5\u00b18.4 years, a median time from transplantation of 3611 days (1465-5757); 5/6 had cardiovascular comorbidities, 1/6 had diabetes and 3/6 have one or more previous KTs. Four out of six patients died, at an average time of 9.75\u00b12.4 days after tocilizumab administration, 3/6 due to a coexistent septic shock. Two patients improved after TCZ and were discharged at 20 and 21 days respectively; in both patient a significant increase of total lymphocyte count was observed. In conclusion KTs, where the role of peculiar factors such as chronic immunosuppression is still undetermined, represent a high-risk group with significant COVID-19 associated mortality. The evaluation of the TCZ effect in COVID-19 pneumonia requires controlled studies (ideally RCTs) in this specific population."}, {"pmid": 32396445, "pmcid": "PMC7218357", "title": "Approaching Otolaryngology Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Cui, Chong", "Yao, Qi", "Zhang, Di", "Zhao, Yu", "Zhang, Kun", "Nisenbaum, Eric", "Cao, Pengyu", "Zhao, Keqing", "Huang, Xiaolong", "Leng, Dewen", "Liu, Chunhan", "Li, Ning", "Luo, Yan", "Chen, Bing", "Casiano, Roy", "Weed, Donald", "Sargi, Zoukaa", "Telischi, Fred", "Lu, Hongzhou", "Denneny, James C 3rd", "Shu, Yilai", "Liu, Xuezhong"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396445", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective. To describe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient presentations requiring otolaryngology consultation and provide recommendations for protective measures based on the experience of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) departments in 4 Chinese hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study Design. Retrospective case series. Setting. Multicenter. Subjects and Methods. Twenty hospitalized COVID-19 patients requiring ENT consultation from 3 designated COVID-19 hospitals in Wuhan, Shanghai, and Shenzhen were identified. Data on demographics, comorbidities, COVID-19 symptoms and severity, consult reason, treatment, and personal protective equipment (PPE) use were collected and analyzed. Infection control strategies implemented for ENT outpatients and emergency room visits at the Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University were reported. Results. Median age was 63 years, 55% were male, and 95% were in severe or critical condition. Six tracheotomies were performed. Posttracheotomy outcomes were mixed (2 deaths, 2 patients comatose, all living patients still hospitalized). Other consults included epistaxis, pharyngitis, nasal congestion, hyposmia, rhinitis, otitis externa, dizziness, and tinnitus. At all hospitals, powered air-supply filter respirators (PAPRs) were used for tracheotomy or bleeding control. PAPR or N95-equivalent masks plus full protective clothing were used for other complaints. No inpatient ENT providers were infected. After implementation of infection control strategies for outpatient clinics, emergency visits, and surgeries, no providers were infected at the Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University. Conclusions and Relevance. COVID-19 patients require ENT consultation for many reasons, including tracheotomy. Otolaryngologists play an indispensable role in the treatment of COVID-19 patients but, due to their work, are at high risk of exposure. Appropriate protective strategies can prevent infection of otolaryngologists."}, {"pmid": 32473051, "title": "Massive coronary thrombosis caused primary percutaneous coronary intervention to fail in a COVID-19 patient with ST-elevation myocardial infarction.", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Seif, Sherif", "Ayuna, Ahmed", "Kumar, Abhishek", "Macdonald, John"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473051", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a new viral infection that has a significant impact on global health and economy. Because of its rapid spread worldwide, it may influence the prognosis of other medical conditions, such as ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We report a case of a 58-year female patient admitted with an infero-posterior STEMI on the background of recently positive COVID-19 swab. Reperfusion was attempted through primary PCI but unfortunately failed to restore coronary blood flow due to massive thrombotic burden despite several attempts of balloon dilatation and aspiration thrombectomy. She sadly died later on because of hemodynamic deterioration. This scenario raises concerns about Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETS) which might potentially have propagated inflammation and thrombosis via platelets' aggregation leading to enhanced coagulopathy and massive coronary thrombosis. Therefore, we suggest primary PCI as the first-choice of revascularization in patients with combined COVID-19 and STEMI. Additionally, we emphasize on the importance of using the potent new generation P2Y12 inhibitors along with GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors in every STEMI patient with COVID-19 to achieve favorable conditions for primary PCI as well as favorable outcomes after stent implantation."}, {"pmid": 32317315, "title": "Is there a future for hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine in prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19)?", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Moiseev, Sergey", "Avdeev, Sergey", "Brovko, Michail", "Novikov, Pavel", "Fomin, Victor"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317315", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473015, "title": "Managing burns during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "J Burn Care Res", "authors": ["Saha, Shivangi", "Kumar, Aditya", "Dash, Suvashis", "Singhal, Maneesh"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473015", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease pandemic has affected our practice as healthcare professionals (HCP). As burn surgeons, we are obliged to provide the best possible care to our patients. However, due to the risk of viral transmission, the goal should be to provide safe care to our patients as well as ensure the safety of the whole team providing burn care. The burn patients are usually debilitated and require a prolonged hospital stay and multiple operative procedures which puts them and everyone involved in their care at increased risk of coronavirus infections and transmission. This warrants special caution to the burn team while managing such patients. In this review, we aim to highlight the key considerations for burn care teams while dealing with burn patients during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32451351, "title": "Dr. Balevic, et al, reply.", "journal": "J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Balevic, Stephen J", "Hornik, Christoph P", "Green, Thomas P", "Clowse, Megan E B", "Gonzalez, Daniel", "Maharaj, Anil R", "Schanberg, Laura E", "Eudy, Amanda M", "Swamy, Geeta K", "Hughes, Brenna L", "Cohen-Wolkowiez, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451351", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We read with great interest the very thoughtful commentary by Drs. Joob and Wiwanitkit. We agree with the authors that, despite conflicting clinical data to date, it is possible that HCQ may have a protective effect in the setting of COVID-19. More importantly, we agree that optimal HCQ dosage and timing is a critical underpinning for clinical trials. However, we highlight several considerations regarding treatment with high dose HCQ."}, {"pmid": 32501755, "title": "Web Exclusive. Annals On Call - Disparities and COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Centor, Robert M", "Essien, Utibe R"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501755", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414291, "title": "Fake Science: XMRV, COVID-19, and the Toxic Legacy of Dr. Judy Mikovits.", "journal": "AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses", "authors": ["Neil, Stuart J D", "Campbell, Edward M"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414291", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "One cannot spend >5\u2009min on social media at the moment without finding a link to some conspiracy theory or other regarding the origin of SARS-CoV2, the coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. From the virus being deliberately released as a bioweapon to pharmaceutical companies blocking the trials of natural remedies to boost their dangerous drugs and vaccines, the Internet is rife with far-fetched rumors. And predictably, now that the first immunization trials have started, the antivaccine lobby has latched on to most of them. In the last week, the trailer for a new \"bombshell documentary\" Plandemic has been doing the rounds, gaining notoriety for being repeatedly removed from YouTube and Facebook. We usually would not pay much heed to such things, but for retrovirologists like us, the name associated with these claims is unfortunately too familiar: Dr. Judy Mikovits."}, {"pmid": 32494948, "pmcid": "PMC7268976", "title": "Patient-Reported Outcome Questionnaires for the evaluation of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Lechien, Jerome R", "Hsieh, Julien", "Barillari, Maria Rosaria", "Cammaroto, Giovanni", "Hans, Stephane", "Chiesa-Estomba, Carlos M", "Saussez, Sven"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494948", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374026, "pmcid": "PMC7267627", "title": "Practical guidance for the management of adults with immune thrombocytopenia during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Pavord, Sue", "Thachil, Jecko", "Hunt, Beverley J", "Murphy, Mike", "Lowe, Gillian", "Laffan, Mike", "Makris, Mike", "Newland, Adrian C", "Provan, Drew", "Grainger, John D", "Hill, Quentin A"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374026", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This document aims to provide practical guidance for the assessment and management of patients with thrombocytopenia, with a particular focus on immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), during the COVID-19 pandemic. The intention is to support clinicians and, although recommendations have been provided, it is not a formal guideline. Nor is there sufficient evidence base to conclude that alternative approaches to treatment are incorrect. Instead, it is a consensus written by clinicians with an interest in ITP or coagulation disorders and reviewed by members of the UK ITP forum."}, {"pmid": 32430898, "pmcid": "PMC7235973", "title": "When a nephrology ward becomes a COVID-19 ward: the Cremona experience.", "journal": "J Nephrol", "authors": ["Malberti, Fabio", "Pecchini, Paola", "Marchi, Gianluca", "Foramitti, Marina"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430898", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396947, "title": "A Proposed Plan for Prenatal Care to Minimize Risks of COVID-19 to Patients and Providers: Focus on Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy.", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["Barton, John R", "Saade, George R", "Sibai, Baha M"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396947", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hypertensive disorders are the most common medical complications of pregnancy and a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and death. The detection of elevated blood pressure during pregnancy is one of the cardinal aspects of optimal antenatal care. With the outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the risk for person-to-person spread of the virus, there is a desire to minimize unnecessary visits to health care facilities. Women should be classified as low risk or high risk for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and adjustments can be accordingly made in the frequency of maternal and fetal surveillance. During this pandemic, all pregnant women should be encouraged to obtain a sphygmomanometer. Patients monitored for hypertension as an outpatient should receive written instructions on the important signs and symptoms of disease progression and provided contact information to report the development of any concern for change in status. As the clinical management of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia is the same, assessment of urinary protein is unnecessary in the management once a diagnosis of a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy is made. Pregnant women with suspected hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and signs and symptoms associated with the severe end of the disease spectrum (e.g., headaches, visual symptoms, epigastric pain, and pulmonary edema) should have an evaluation including complete blood count, serum creatinine level, and liver transaminases (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase). Further, if there is any evidence of disease progression or if acute severe hypertension develops, prompt hospitalization is suggested. Current guidelines from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and The Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) for management of preeclampsia with severe features suggest delivery after 34 0/7 weeks of gestation. With the outbreak of COVID-19, however, adjustments to this algorithm should be considered including delivery by 30 0/7 weeks of gestation in the setting of preeclampsia with severe features. KEY POINTS: \u00b7 Outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) warrants fewer office visits.. \u00b7 Women should be classified for hypertension risk in pregnancy.. \u00b7 Earlier delivery suggested with COVID-19 and hypertensive disorder.."}, {"pmid": 32522812, "title": "Consent in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Turnham, Helen Lynne", "Dunn, Michael", "Hill, Elaine", "Thornburn, Guy T", "Wilkinson, Dominic"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522812", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic crisis has necessitated widespread adaptation of revised treatment regimens for both urgent and routine medical problems in patients with and without COVID-19. Some of these alternative treatments maybe second-best. Treatments that are known to be superior might not be appropriate to deliver during a pandemic when consideration must be given to distributive justice and protection of patients and their medical teams as well the importance given to individual benefit and autonomy. What is required of the doctor discussing these alternative, potentially inferior treatments and seeking consent to proceed? Should doctors share information about unavailable but standard treatment alternatives when seeking consent? There are arguments in defence of non-disclosure; information about unavailable treatments may not aid a patient to weigh up options that are available to them. There might be justified concern about distress for patients who are informed that they are receiving second-best therapies. However, we argue that doctors should tailor information according to the needs of the individual patient. For most patients that will include a nuanced discussion about treatments that would be considered in other times but currently unavailable. That will sometimes be a difficult conversation, and require clinicians to be frank about limited resources and necessary rationing. However, transparency and honesty will usually be the best policy."}, {"pmid": 32467492, "title": "COVID-19 Guide for the Rehabilitation Clinician: A Review of Non-Pulmonary Manifestations and Complications.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Lopez, Marielisa", "Bell, Kathleen", "Annaswamy, Thiru", "Juengst, Shannon", "Ifejika, Nneka"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467492", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) - also known as COVID-19 - is primarily known for respiratory illness. While it is clear that patients with moderate to severe cases of COVID-19 will require pulmonary rehabilitation, physiatrists will need to consider effective management plans for COVID-19 survivors with extra-pulmonary involvement. This report will summarize key non-pulmonary considerations to guide rehabilitation clinicians who may be involved in the care of COVID-19 survivors with the best available early evidence."}, {"pmid": 32491297, "title": "COVID-19 mortality rates in the European Union, Switzerland, and the UK: effect of timeliness, lockdown rigidity, and population density.", "journal": "Minerva Med", "authors": ["Gerli, Alberto G", "Centanni, Stefano", "Miozzo, Monica R", "Virchow, J Christian", "Sotgiu, Giovanni", "Canonica, G Walter", "Soriano, Joan B"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491297", "countries": ["Italy", "Germany", "Switzerland", "Spain", "China", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To date the European experience with COVID-19 mortality has been different to the observed in China and Asia. We aimed to forecast mortality trends in the 27 countries of the European Union (EU), plus Switzerland and the United Kingdom (UK), where lockdown dates and confinement interventions have been heterogeneous, and to explore its determinants. We have adapted our predictive model of COVID-19-related mortality, which rested on the observed mortality within the first weeks of the outbreak and the date of the respective lockdown in each country. It was applied in a training set of three countries (Italy, Germany and Spain), and then applied to the EU plus the UK and Switzerland. In addition, we explored the effects of timeliness and rigidity of the lockdown (on a five-step scale) and population density in our forecasts. We report r2, and percent variation of expected versus observed deaths, all following TRIPOD guidance. We identified a homogeneous distribution of deaths, and found a median of 24 days after lockdown adoption to reach the maximum daily deaths. Strikingly, cumulative deaths up to April 25th, 2020 observed in Europe separated countries in three waves, according to the time lockdown measures were adopted following the onset of the outbreak: after a week, within a week, or even prior to the outbreak (r2=0.876). In contrast, no correlation neither with lockdown rigidity nor population density were observed. The European experience confirms that early, effective interventions of 86 lockdown are fundamental to minimizing the COVID-19 death toll."}, {"pmid": 32370204, "title": "How Big Data and Artificial Intelligence Can Help Better Manage the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi", "Dai, Haijiang", "Damiani, Giovanni", "Behzadifar, Masoud", "Martini, Mariano", "Wu, Jianhong"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370204", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV2 is a novel coronavirus, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic declared by the World Health Organization. Thanks to the latest advancements in the field of molecular and computational techniques and information and communication technologies (ICTs), artificial intelligence (AI) and Big Data can help in handling the huge, unprecedented amount of data derived from public health surveillance, real-time epidemic outbreaks monitoring, trend now-casting/forecasting, regular situation briefing and updating from governmental institutions and organisms, and health facility utilization information. The present review is aimed at overviewing the potential applications of AI and Big Data in the global effort to manage the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32534341, "title": "Could the decrease in the endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production and NO bioavailability be the crucial cause of COVID-19 related deaths?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Ozdemir, Burak", "Yazici, Ahmet"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534341", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508168, "title": "Effectiveness and safety of available treatments for COVID-19 during pregnancy: a critical review.", "journal": "J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med", "authors": ["Favilli, Alessandro", "Mattei Gentili, Marta", "Raspa, Francesca", "Giardina, Irene", "Parazzini, Fabio", "Vitagliano, Amerigo", "Borisova, Anna V", "Gerli, Sandro"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508168", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: COVID-19 is a pandemic disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 and it spread globally in the last few months. The complete lack of specific treatment forced clinicians to use old drugs, chosen for their efficacy against similar viruses or their in\u00a0vitro activity. Trials on patients are ongoing but the majority of information comes from small case series and single center reports. We aimed to provide a literature review on the putative effectiveness and safety of available treatments for COVID-19 in pregnant women.Methods: We reviewed all the available literature concerning the drugs that have been used in the treatment of COVID-19 during pregnancy and whose safe assumption during pregnancy had been demonstrated by clinical studies (i.e. including studies on other infectious diseases). Drugs contra-indicated during pregnancy or with unknown adverse effects were not included in our review.Results and conclusions: Clinical trials are not often conducted among pregnant patients for safety reasons and this means that drugs that may be effective in general population cannot be used for pregnant women due to the lack of knowledge of side effects in this category of people .The choice to use a specific drug for COVID-19 in pregnancy should take into account benefits and possible adverse events in each single case. In the current situation of uncertainty and poor knowledge about the management of COVID-19 during pregnancy, this present overview may provide useful information for physicians with practical implications."}, {"pmid": 32419524, "title": "Old and re-purposed drugs for the treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther", "authors": ["Jean, Shio-Shin", "Hsueh, Po-Ren"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419524", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has developed since December 2019. It has caused a global pandemic with more than three hundred thousand case fatalities. However, apart from supportive care by respirators, no standard medical therapy is validated. This paper presents old drugs with potential in vitro efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. The in vitro database, adverse effects, and potential toxicities of these drugs are reviewed regarding their feasibility of clinical prescription for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. To obtain convincing recommendations, we referred to opinions from the US National Institute of Health regarding drugs repurposed for COVID-19 therapy. Although strong evidence of well-designed randomized controlled studies regarding COVID-19 therapy is presently lacking, remdesivir, teicoplanin, hydroxychloroquine (not in combination with azithromycin), and ivermectin might be effective antiviral drugs and are deemed promising candidates for controlling SARS-CoV-2. In addition, tocilizumab might be considered as the supplementary treatment for COVID-19 patients with cytokine release syndrome. In future, clinical trials regarding a combination of potentially effective drugs against SARS-CoV-2 need to be conducted to establish the optimal regimen for the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32497810, "pmcid": "PMC7263249", "title": "HUMAN CORONAVIRUS DATA FROM FOUR CLINICAL TRIALS OF MASKS AND RESPIRATORS.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["MacIntyre, C Raina", "Chughtai, Abrar A", "Seale, Holly", "Dwyer, Dominic E", "Quanyi, Wang"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497810", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are few published data on the protection of masks or respirators against coronavirus infections. This is an important research question to inform the response to the COVID-19 epidemic. The transmission modes of human coronaviruses are similar, thought to be by droplet, contact and sometimes airborne routes. There are several randomised clinical trials of masks and respirators, but most used clinical endpoints or tested only for influenza. In four trials which we conducted, we tested for human coronaviruses, but only composite viral endpoints were reported in the trials. We reviewed and analysed the coronavirus data from four of our trials. Laboratory-confirmed coronavirus infections were identified in our community household trial (1 case), health worker trials (8 cases) and trial of mask use by sick patients (19 cases). No coronavirus infections were transmitted in households to parents who wore P2 or surgical masks, but one child with coronavirus infection transmitted infection to a parent in the control arm. No transmissions to close contacts occurred when worn by sick patients with coronavirus infections. There was a higher risk of coronavirus infection in HCWs who wore a mask compared to a respirator, but the difference was not statistically significant. These are the only available data on coronavirus infections associated with mask or respirator use. More clinical trials are needed to assess the efficacy of respiratory protection against coronavirus infections."}, {"pmid": 32447443, "pmcid": "PMC7245166", "title": "The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on urological emergencies: a single-center experience.", "journal": "World J Urol", "authors": ["Motterle, Giovanni", "Morlacco, Alessandro", "Iafrate, Massimo", "Bianco, Marta", "Federa, Giuliano", "Xhafka, Orest", "Zattoni, Filiberto", "Prayer-Galetti, Tommaso"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447443", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic represents a novel challenge for healthcare systems, and it affects even the daily urological practice. Italy was the first country after China to experience a lock-down period. Our objective is to determine whether, during the COVID-19 period, there has been any modification in urological emergencies. we retrospectively reviewed urgent urological consultations requested by the Emergency Department (ED) of Padua University Hospital in the 36-day period between February 22nd and March 30th, 2020 and compared them to the prior year cases within a similar time frame (February 24th to March 31st, 2019). Pediatric population (age\u2009<\u200915\u00a0years); surgical complications and traumas were excluded to avoid confounding from the reduction of activities during the lockdown. The number of daily consultations, the number of invasive procedures performed and admissions were evaluated, together with the predictors of admission were identified through multivariate logistic regression models. The final sample resulted in 107 consultations performed in 2020 and 266 in 2019. A higher number of daily consultations was performed during 2019 (7.33 vs 2.97, p\u2009<\u20090.001). Similarly, the number of daily-invasive procedures was higher in 2019 (p\u2009=\u20090.006), while there was no difference in the number of daily admissions (15 vs 12, p\u2009=\u20090.80). On multivariate analysis, the year (2020 vs 2019, OR 2.714, 95% CI 1.096-6.757, p\u2009=\u20090.0297) was a significant predictor of admission. Urgent urology practice was affected during COVID-19 pandemic with a remarkable reduction in urgent urological consultations; furthermore, a higher risk of admissions was observed in 2020. The consequences of a potentially delayed diagnosis remain to be determined."}, {"pmid": 32419840, "pmcid": "PMC7216870", "title": "Challenges and burden of the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for child and adolescent mental health: a narrative review to highlight clinical and research needs in the acute phase and the long return to normality.", "journal": "Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health", "authors": ["Fegert, Jorg M", "Vitiello, Benedetto", "Plener, Paul L", "Clemens, Vera"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419840", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is profoundly affecting life around the globe. Isolation, contact restrictions and economic shutdown impose a complete change to the psychosocial environment in affected countries. These measures have the potential to threaten the mental health of children and adolescents significantly. Even though the current crisis can bring with it opportunities for personal growth and family cohesion, disadvantages may outweigh these benefits. Anxiety, lack of peer contact and reduced opportunities for stress regulation are main concerns. Another main threat is an increased risk for parental mental illness, domestic violence and child maltreatment. Especially for children and adolescents with special needs or disadvantages, such as disabilities, trauma experiences, already existing mental health problems, migrant background and low socioeconomic status, this may be a particularly challenging time. To maintain regular and emergency child and adolescent psychiatric treatment during the pandemic is a major challenge but is necessary for limiting long-term consequences for the mental health of children and adolescents. Urgent research questions comprise understanding the mental health effects of social distancing and economic pressure, identifying risk and resilience factors, and preventing long-term consequences, including-but not restricted to-child maltreatment. The efficacy of telepsychiatry is another highly relevant issue is to evaluate the efficacy of telehealth and perfect its applications to child and adolescent psychiatry. There are numerous mental health threats associated with the current pandemic and subsequent restrictions. Child and adolescent psychiatrists must ensure continuity of care during all phases of the pandemic. COVID-19-associated mental health risks will disproportionately hit children and adolescents who are already disadvantaged and marginalized. Research is needed to assess the implications of policies enacted to contain the pandemic on mental health of children and adolescents, and to estimate the risk/benefit ratio of measures such as home schooling, in order to be better prepared for future developments."}, {"pmid": 32483300, "pmcid": "PMC7262681", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection and overactivation of Nlrp3 inflammasome as a trigger of cytokine \"storm\" and risk factor for damage of hematopoietic stem cells.", "journal": "Leukemia", "authors": ["Ratajczak, Mariusz Z", "Kucia, Magda"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483300", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The scientific community faces an unexpected and urgent challenge related to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and is investigating the role of receptors involved in entry of this virus into cells as well as pathomechanisms leading to a cytokine \"storm,\" which in many cases ends in severe acute respiratory syndrome, fulminant myocarditis and kidney injury. An important question is if it may also damage hematopoietic stem progenitor cells?"}, {"pmid": 32412913, "title": "Medical Education Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Sahi, Puneet Kaur", "Mishra, Devendra", "Singh, Tejinder"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412913", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus pandemic has shaken the mankind to its core. Social distancing is the most important preventive strategy for the spread of this contagion, short of a vaccine. Implementation of the same has forced many countries in to a complete lock-down. Closure of schools and universities has made education uncertain at all levels. Medical education is no exception. In this pandemic, the need for uninterrupted generation of future doctors is felt more than ever in our living memory. Continuity of medical education is thus imperative. While \"Live\" patient contact is an irreplaceable tenet of clinical teaching, these extraordinary times demand exceptional measures. Pedagogical innovations involving technology and simulation based teaching (Online lectures, video vase vignettes, virtual simulators, webcasting, online chat-rooms) need to be brought to the forefront. Since the medical educators have been pushed inevitably to rely on technology-based learning, they should not only embrace it but also develop and evaluate its sustainability and application in preclinical and clinical setting. Meanwhile, the students, whose medical educations are stuck in this pandemic time, should realize that there is no bigger teacher than a first-hand experience, and they are eyewitnesses to the making of history."}, {"pmid": 32409314, "title": "How the Lives of Neuroradiologists and Neurosurgeons Have Been Changed by COVID-19.", "journal": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Vargas, M I", "Meling, T R"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409314", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32192247, "title": "Covid-19: The right amount of wolf.", "journal": "Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen", "authors": ["Orstavik, Ragnhild E"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192247", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514227, "pmcid": "PMC7267582", "title": "Coercion or the social contract? COVID 19 and spatial (in)justice in African cities.", "journal": "City Soc (Wash)", "authors": ["Kihato, Caroline Wanjiku", "Landau, Loren B"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514227", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453656, "title": "Management of Lung Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JCO Oncol Pract", "authors": ["Singh, Aditi P", "Berman, Abigail T", "Marmarelis, Melina E", "Haas, Andrew R", "Feigenberg, Steven J", "Braun, Jennifer", "Ciunci, Christine A", "Bauml, Joshua M", "Cohen, Roger B", "Kucharczuk, John C", "Shulman, Lawrence N", "Langer, Corey J", "Aggarwal, Charu"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453656", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a devastating impact around the world. With high rates of transmission and no curative therapies or vaccine yet available, the current cornerstone of management focuses on prevention by social distancing. This includes decreased health care contact for patients. Patients with lung cancer are a particularly vulnerable population, where the risk of mortality from cancer must now be balanced by the potential risk of a life-threatening infection. In these unprecedented times, a collaborative and multidisciplinary approach is required to streamline but not compromise care. We have developed guidelines at our academic cancer center to standardize management of patients with lung cancer across our health care system and provide guidance to the larger oncology community. We recommend that general principles of lung cancer treatment continue to be followed in most cases where delays could result in rapid cancer progression. We recognize that our recommendations may change over time based on clinical resources and the evolving nature of the COVID-19 pandemic. In principle, however, treatment paradigms must continue to be individualized, with careful consideration of risks and benefits of continuing or altering lung cancer-directed therapy."}, {"pmid": 32408547, "title": "Virtual Screening of Natural Products against Type II Transmembrane Serine Protease (TMPRSS2), the Priming Agent of Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Molecules", "authors": ["Rahman, Noor", "Basharat, Zarrin", "Yousuf, Muhammad", "Castaldo, Giuseppe", "Rastrelli, Luca", "Khan, Haroon"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408547", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused about 2 million infections and is responsible for more than 100,000 deaths worldwide. To date, there is no specific drug registered to combat the disease it causes, named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In the current study, we used an in silico approach to screen natural compounds to find potent inhibitors of the host enzyme transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). This enzyme facilitates viral particle entry into host cells, and its inhibition blocks virus fusion with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). This, in turn, restricts SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. A three-dimensional structure of TMPRSS2 was built using SWISS-MODEL and validated by RAMPAGE. The natural compounds library Natural Product Activity and Species Source (NPASS), containing 30,927 compounds, was screened against the target protein. Two techniques were used in the Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) for this purpose, i.e., a ligand-based pharmacophore approach and a molecular docking-based screening. In total, 2140 compounds with pharmacophoric features were retained using the first approach. Using the second approach, 85 compounds with molecular docking comparable to or greater than that of the standard inhibitor (camostat mesylate) were identified. The top 12 compounds with the most favorable structural features were studied for physicochemical and ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity) properties. The low-molecular-weight compound NPC306344 showed significant interaction with the active site residues of TMPRSS2, with a binding energy score of -14.69. Further in vitro and in vivo validation is needed to study and develop an anti-COVID-19 drug based on the structures of the most promising compounds identified in this study."}, {"pmid": 32501293, "title": "Longitudinal COVID-19 profiling associates IL-1Ra and IL-10 with disease severity and RANTES with mild disease.", "journal": "JCI Insight", "authors": ["Zhao, Yan", "Qin, Ling", "Zhang, Ping", "Li, Kang", "Liang, Lianchun", "Sun, Jianping", "Xu, Bin", "Dai, Yanchao", "Li, Xuemei", "Zhang, Chi", "Peng, Yanchun", "Feng, Yingmei", "Li, Ang", "Hu, Zhongjie", "Xiang, Haiping", "Ogg, Graham", "Ho, Ling-Pei", "McMichael, Andrew J", "Jin, Ronghua", "Knight, Julian C", "Dong, Tao", "Zhang, Yonghong"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501293", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background Identifying immune correlates of COVID-19 disease severity is an urgent need for clinical management, vaccine evaluation and drug development. Here we present a temporal analysis of key immune mediators, cytokine and chemokines in blood of hospitalised COVID-19 patients from serial sampling and follow up over four weeks.Methods A total of 71 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to Beijing You'an hospital in China with either mild (53 patients) or severe disease (18 patients) were enrolled with 18 healthy volunteers. We measured 34 immune mediators, cytokines and chemokines in peripheral blood every 4-7 days over one month per patient using a bio-plex multiplex immunoassay.Results We found that the chemokine RANTES(CCL5) was significantly elevated, from an early stage of the infection, in patients with mild but not severe disease. We also found that early production of inhibitory mediators including IL-10 and IL-1RA were significantly associated with disease severity, and a combination of CCL5, IL-1Ra and IL-10 at week 1 may predict patient outcomes. The majority of cytokines that are known to be associated with the cytokine storm in virus infections such as IL-6 and IFN-gamma were only significantly elevated in the late stage of severe COVID-19 illness. TNF- alpha and GM-CSF showed no significant differences between severe and mild cases.Conclusion Together our data suggest early intervention to increase expression of CCL5 may prevent patients from developing severe illness. Our data also suggest that measurement of levels of CCL5, as well as IL-1Ra, IL-10 in blood individually and in combination might be useful prognostic bio-markers to guide treatment strategies."}, {"pmid": 32302248, "pmcid": "PMC7274880", "title": "ACEing COVID-19: A Role for Angiotensin Axis Inhibition in SARS-CoV-2 Infection?", "journal": "Circ Res", "authors": ["Murthy, Venkatesh L", "Koupenova, Milka", "Shah, Ravi V"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302248", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426076, "pmcid": "PMC7229938", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection may mask another infection.", "journal": "Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis", "authors": ["Leon, A", "Debry, C", "Renaud, M"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426076", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348339, "pmcid": "PMC7190125", "title": "Correlation between Heart fatty acid binding protein and severe COVID-19: A case-control study.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Yin, Li", "Mou, Huaming", "Shao, Jiang", "Zhu, Ye", "Pang, Xiaohua", "Yang, Jianjun", "Zhang, Jianming", "Shi, Wei", "Yu, Shimei", "Wang, Hailong"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348339", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Heart-fatty acid binding protein (HFABP) has been recognized as a highly heart-specific marker. However, it is currently unknown that its HFABP is also closely related to the severity of COVID-19. We retrospectively screened 46 patients who met our inclusion criteria within 4 weeks. They were tested for HFABP after the diagnosis of COVID-19, and monitored for HFABP during their hospital stay. We tracked the patients during their hospital stay to determine if they had severe COVID-19 or mild-to-severe transition features. We calculated the chi-square test values found for HFABP to predict the correlation between HFABP levels and the severity of the COVID-19. Of these 46 cases, 16 cases with confirmed COVID-19 were tested for HFABP> 7 ng / mL upon admission; among them, 14 cases were diagnosed with severe COVID-19 within the hospitalization. The Odds ratio of the measured HFABP elevation was 6.81(95% confidence interval [CI] 5.23-8.40), and 3 patients with severe COVID-19 progressed in 5 patients with mild HFABP> 7 ng/mL. These data indicate that the elevation of HFABP is closely related to the severity of COVID-19 in the patients, and the elevated HFABP may cause rapid development of patients with mild COVID-19 into severe COVID-19. But serum HFABP negative maybe make patients with mild COVID-19 safer, the current data show no effect on the all-cause mortality. Our study has been registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, the registration number: ChiCTR2000029829."}, {"pmid": 32529218, "title": "Statin therapy in COVID-19 infection: much more than a single pathway.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother", "authors": ["Bifulco, Maurizio", "Gazzerro, Patrizia"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529218", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291365, "title": "Diagnosing COVID-19: Did We Miss Anything?", "journal": "Acta Med Indones", "authors": ["Tenda, Eric Daniel", "Asaf, Moses Mazmur"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291365", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late 2019, a mass of patients showing symptoms of a pneumonia-like disease of unknown origin emerged in Wuhan, China. Little did the world know it was the prelude of what would be a devastating pandemic. Samples were collected from these patients and the use of unbiased sequencing, and subsequent isolation of the pathogen using human airway epithelial cells led to the discovery of a novel coronavirus, named 2019-nCoV by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. The disease caused by this virus is officially called the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)."}, {"pmid": 32196426, "title": "Seasonality of Respiratory Viral Infections.", "journal": "Annu Rev Virol", "authors": ["Moriyama, Miyu", "Hugentobler, Walter J", "Iwasaki, Akiko"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196426", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The seasonal cycle of respiratory viral diseases has been widely recognized for thousands of years, as annual epidemics of the common cold and influenza disease hit the human population like clockwork in the winter season in temperate regions. Moreover, epidemics caused by viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 occur during the winter months. The mechanisms underlying the seasonal nature of respiratory viral infections have been examined and debated for many years. The two major contributing factors are the changes in environmental parameters and human behavior. Studies have revealed the effect of temperature and humidity on respiratory virus stability and transmission rates. More recent research highlights the importance of the environmental factors, especially temperature and humidity, in modulating host intrinsic, innate, and adaptive immune responses to viral infections in the respiratory tract. Here we review evidence of how outdoor and indoor climates are linked to the seasonality of viral respiratory infections. We further discuss determinants of host response in the seasonality of respiratory viruses by highlighting recent studies in the field. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Virology, Volume 7 is September 29, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates."}, {"pmid": 32282027, "pmcid": "PMC7184491", "title": "COVID-19-related myocarditis in a 21-year-old female patient.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Kim, In-Cheol", "Kim, Jin Young", "Kim, Hyun Ah", "Han, Seongwook"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282027", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32197060, "title": "Rhabdomyolysis as Potential Late Complication Associated with COVID-19.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Jin, Min", "Tong, Qiaoxia"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32197060", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe a patient in Wuhan, China, with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection who had progressive pulmonary lesions and rhabdomyolysis with manifestations of lower limb pain and fatigue. Rapid clinical recognition of rhabdomyolysis symptoms in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection can be lifesaving."}, {"pmid": 32390692, "pmcid": "PMC7205740", "title": "On a Comprehensive Model of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Under Mittag-Leffler Derivative.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Abdo, Mohammed S", "Shah, Kamal", "Wahash, Hanan A", "Panchal, Satish K"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390692", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The major purpose of the presented study is to analyze and find the solution for the model of nonlinear fractional differential equations (FDEs) describing the deadly and most parlous virus so-called coronavirus (COVID-19). The mathematical model depending of fourteen nonlinear FDEs is presented and the corresponding numerical results are studied by applying the fractional Adams Bashforth (AB) method. Moreover, a recently introduced fractional nonlocal operator known as Atangana-Baleanu (AB) is applied in order to realize more effectively. For the current results, the fixed point theorems of Krasnoselskii and Banach are hired to present the existence, uniqueness as well as stability of the model. For numerical simulations, the behavior of the approximate solution is presented in terms of graphs through various fractional orders. Finally, a brief discussion on conclusion about the simulation is given to describe how the transmission dynamics of infection take place in society."}, {"pmid": 32427221, "pmcid": "PMC7233206", "title": "Vertical transmission of COVID-19: SARS-CoV-2 RNA on the fetal side of the placenta in pregnancies with COVID-19 positive mothers and neonates at birth.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM", "authors": ["Patane, Luisa", "Morotti, Denise", "Giunta, Monica Rosaria", "Sigismondi, Cristina", "Piccoli, Maria Giovanna", "Frigerio, Luigi", "Mangili, Giovanna", "Arosio, Marco", "Cornolti, Giorgio"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427221", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488505, "pmcid": "PMC7266128", "title": "Acute myocarditis and multisystem inflammatory emerging disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection in critically ill children.", "journal": "Ann Intensive Care", "authors": ["Grimaud, Marion", "Starck, Julie", "Levy, Michael", "Marais, Clemence", "Chareyre, Judith", "Khraiche, Diala", "Leruez-Ville, Marianne", "Quartier, Pierre", "Leger, Pierre Louis", "Geslain, Guillaume", "Semaan, Nada", "Moulin, Florence", "Bendavid, Matthieu", "Jean, Sandrine", "Poncelet, Geraldine", "Renolleau, Sylvain", "Oualha, Mehdi"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488505", "countries": ["Japan", "France"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A recent increase in children admitted with hypotensive shock and fever in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak requires an urgent characterization and assessment of the involvement of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This is a case series performed at 4 academic tertiary care centers in Paris of all the children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with shock, fever and suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection between April 15th and April 27th, 2020. 20 critically ill children admitted for shock had an acute myocarditis (left ventricular ejection fraction, 35% (25-55); troponin, 269\u00a0ng/mL (31-4607)), and arterial hypotension with mainly vasoplegic clinical presentation. The first symptoms before PICU admission were intense abdominal pain and fever for 6\u00a0days (1-10). All children had highly elevated C-reactive protein (>\u200994\u00a0mg/L) and procalcitonin (>\u20091.6\u00a0ng/mL) without microbial cause. At least one feature of Kawasaki disease was found in all children (fever, n\u2009=\u200920, skin rash, n\u2009=\u200910; conjunctivitis, n\u2009=\u20096; cheilitis, n\u2009=\u20095; adenitis, n\u2009=\u20092), but none had the typical form. SARS-CoV-2 PCR and serology were positive for 10 and 15 children, respectively. One child had both negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR and serology, but had a typical SARS-CoV-2 chest tomography scan. All children but one needed an inotropic/vasoactive drug support (epinephrine, n\u2009=\u200912; milrinone, n\u2009=\u200910; dobutamine, n\u2009=\u20096, norepinephrine, n\u2009=\u20094) and 8 were intubated. All children received intravenous immunoglobulin (2\u00a0g per kilogram) with adjuvant corticosteroids (n\u2009=\u20092), IL 1 receptor antagonist (n\u2009=\u20091) or a monoclonal antibody against IL-6 receptor (n\u2009=\u20091). All children survived and were afebrile with a full left ventricular function recovery at PICU discharge. Acute myocarditis with intense systemic inflammation and atypical Kawasaki disease is an emerging severe pediatric disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Early recognition of this disease is needed and referral to an expert center is recommended. A delayed and inappropriate host immunological response is suspected. While underlying mechanisms remain unclear, further investigations are required to target an optimal treatment."}, {"pmid": 32455514, "title": "[Risk assessment of global COVID-19 imported cases into China].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Shen, S P", "Wei, Y Y", "Zhao, Y", "Jiang, Y", "Guan, J X", "Chen, F"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455514", "countries": ["France", "Singapore", "Spain", "China", "United Kingdom", "Russian Federation", "United States"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To assess the risk of COVID-19 foreign imports cases to China. Methods: We collected epidemic data (cumulative daily confirmed cases in each country, cumulative confirmed imported cases), demographic data (population density, population) and information on potential source groups of tourists (the daily estimated number of overseas Chinese, overseas Chinese students, overseas workers, foreign students coming to China and flight passengers) and the global health security index (GHS) to assess and predict risk of imported cases for recent (February 1st to April 25th) and future (after April 26th). Results: Strong positive correlation was found among variables including the number of imported cases, cumulative confirmed cases, attack rate, number of overseas Chinese, number of overseas Chinese students, number of foreign students coming to China, number of flight passengers and GHS. In the recent risk analysis, imported cases of Russian were the highest, followed by United Kingdom, United States, France and Spain. In the future risk prediction, 44 countries including United States and Singapore are evaluated as potential high-risk countries in the future through the attack rate index of each country and the estimated average number of daily passengers. Conclusion: The risk assessment of COVID-19 imported cases can be used to identify high-risk areas in recent and future, and might be helpful to strengthen the prevention and control of the epidemic and ultimately overcome the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32279018, "pmcid": "PMC7118619", "title": "Poor survival with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Pooled analysis of early reports.", "journal": "J Crit Care", "authors": ["Henry, Brandon Michael", "Lippi, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279018", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32279346, "pmcid": "PMC7262044", "title": "Morphological anomalies of circulating blood cells in COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Zini, Gina", "Bellesi, Silvia", "Ramundo, Francesco", "d'Onofrio, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279346", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339362, "pmcid": "PMC7267230", "title": "No evidence of increased risk for COVID-19 infection in patients treated with Dupilumab for atopic dermatitis in a high-epidemic area - Bergamo, Lombardy, Italy.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Carugno, A", "Raponi, F", "Locatelli, A G", "Vezzoli, P", "Gambini, D M", "Di Mercurio, M", "Robustelli Test, E", "Sena, P"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339362", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Patients with AD have increased infection risk, including skin infections and systemic infections. Dupilumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody, blocks the shared receptor component for interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13. Dupilumab is approved for inadequately controlled moderate-to-severe AD.1."}, {"pmid": 32382121, "title": "Autopsy slowdown hinders quest to determine how coronavirus kills.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Ledford, Heidi"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382121", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426753, "pmcid": "PMC7188431", "title": "Rationale for Prolonged Corticosteroid Treatment in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Caused by Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Crit Care Explor", "authors": ["Villar, Jesus", "Confalonieri, Marco", "Pastores, Stephen M", "Meduri, G Umberto"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426753", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467095, "title": "Covid-19: WHO halts hydroxychloroquine trial to review links with increased mortality risk.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467095", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423888, "pmcid": "PMC7207103", "title": "Clinical characteristics and changes of chest CT features in 307 patients with common COVID-19 pneumonia infected SARS-CoV-2: A multicenter study in Jiangsu, China.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Shang, Yalei", "Xu, Chuanjun", "Jiang, Fengli", "Huang, Renjun", "Li, Yonggang", "Zhou, Ying", "Xu, Feng", "Dai, Hui"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423888", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The study was aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and evaluate the dynamic changes of chest CT features in the first three weeks in the common type fo COVID-19 pneumonia patients in Jiangsu Province. 307 patients infected SARS-CoV-2 classified as common type were enrolled in the study. 628 chest CT scans were divided into three groups based on the time interval between symptoms and chest CT scan. The clinical characteristics were descriptively analyzed.The chest CT features were quantitatively evaluated. Mann-Whitney U test was used to test the differences in three groups and between men and women. Spearman rank correlation was used to test the association between the arterial blood gas(ABG) analysis results and chest CT scores. Fever (69.1%) and cough (62.8%) were common symptoms. 111(36.2%) patients were anorexia. GGO was the most common manifestation of COVID-19 pneumonia, which could be followed by consolidation and fibrosis. Lower lobe or subpleural region was the most common distribution form of lesion. More lung lobes were involved in the third week. Total chest CT scores in the second week were higher than the first week. Fibrosis Scores increased in the second and third week. Total CT score, GGO score and fibrosis score of male patients were significantly higher than female in the second week. Male patients had higher consolidation score and fibrosis score than female in the third week. Total CT score and GGO score had weak to moderate correlation with arterial blood gas indices. Changes in chest CT were difficult to assess quantitatively in the first third weeks. Male patients recovered slower than female in the second week. Although CT score had correlations with arterial blood gas indices, long-term follow-up of pulmonary function test is needed to determine the recovery of lung."}, {"pmid": 32325018, "pmcid": "PMC7172725", "title": "Answering the right questions for policymakers on COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Graeden, Ellie", "Carlson, Colin", "Katz, Rebecca"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325018", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378797, "title": "Epidemiology and clinical features of emergency department patients with suspected COVID-19: Initial results from the COVID-19 Emergency Department Quality Improvement Project (COVED-1).", "journal": "Emerg Med Australas", "authors": ["O'Reilly, Gerard M", "Mitchell, Rob D", "Rajiv, Prithi", "Wu, Jamin", "Brennecke, Helen", "Brichko, Lisa", "Noonan, Michael P", "Hiller, Ryan", "Mitra, Biswadev", "Luckhoff, Carl", "Paton, Andrew", "Smit, De Villiers", "Santamaria, Mark J", "Cameron, Peter A"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378797", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 Emergency Department (COVED) Quality Improvement Project aims to provide regular and real-time clinical information to ED clinicians caring for patients with suspected and confirmed COVID-19. The present study summarises data from the first 2\u2009weeks of the study. COVED is an ongoing prospective cohort study that commenced on 1 April 2020. It includes all adult patients presenting to a participating ED who undergo testing for SARS-CoV-2. Data are collected prospectively and entered into a bespoke registry. Outcomes include a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test result and requirement for intensive respiratory support. In the period 1-14 April 2020, 240 (16%) of 1508 patients presenting to The Alfred Emergency and Trauma Centre met inclusion criteria. Of these, 11 (5%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The mean age of patients was 60\u2009years and the commonest symptoms were acute shortness of breath (n\u2009=\u2009122 [67%]), cough (n\u2009=\u2009108 [56%]) or fever (n\u2009=\u200998 [51%]). Overseas travel or known contact with a confirmed case was reported by 24 (14%) and 16 (10%) patients, respectively. Fever or hypoxia was recorded in 23 (10%) and 11 (5%) patients, respectively. Eleven (5%) patients received mechanical ventilation in the ED, of whom none tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Among patients presenting to a tertiary ED with suspected COVID-19, only a small proportion tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Although the low incidence of positive cases currently precludes the development of predictive tools, the COVED Project demonstrates that the rapid establishment of an agile clinical registry for emergency care is feasible."}, {"pmid": 32151324, "pmcid": "PMC7133598", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 is an appropriate name for the new coronavirus.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Wu, Yuntao", "Ho, Wenzhe", "Huang, Yaowei", "Jin, Dong-Yan", "Li, Shiyue", "Liu, Shan-Lu", "Liu, Xuefeng", "Qiu, Jianming", "Sang, Yongming", "Wang, Qiuhong", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung", "Zheng, Zhi-Ming"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32151324", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398893, "pmcid": "PMC7214849", "title": "COVID-19 and the Indian farm sector: ensuring everyone's seat at the table.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Mukhopadhyay, Boidurjo Rick"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398893", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402511, "pmcid": "PMC7180345", "title": "COVID-19 Ethics and Research.", "journal": "Mayo Clin Proc", "authors": ["Meagher, Karen M", "Cummins, Nathan W", "Bharucha, Adil E", "Badley, Andrew D", "Chlan, Linda L", "Wright, R Scott"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402511", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444481, "title": "Temporal estimates of case-fatality rate for COVID-19 outbreaks in Canada and the United States.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Abdollahi, Elaheh", "Champredon, David", "Langley, Joanne M", "Galvani, Alison P", "Moghadas, Seyed M"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444481", "countries": ["United States", "Canada"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Estimates of the casefatality rate (CFR) associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vary widely in different population settings. We sought to estimate and compare the COVID-19 CFR in Canada and the United States while adjusting for 2 potential biases in crude CFR. We used the daily incidence of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths in Canada and the US from Jan. 31 to Apr. 22, 2020. We applied a statistical method to minimize bias in the crude CFR by accounting for the survival interval as the lag time between disease onset and death, while considering reporting rates of COVID-19 cases less than 50% (95% confidence interval 10%-50%). Using data for confirmed cases in Canada, we estimated the crude CFR to be 4.9% on Apr. 22, 2020, and the adjusted CFR to be 5.5% (credible interval [CrI] 4.9%-6.4%). After we accounted for various reporting rates less than 50%, the adjusted CFR was estimated at 1.6% (CrI 0.7%-3.1%). The US crude CFR was estimated to be 5.4% on Apr. 20, 2020, with an adjusted CFR of 6.1% (CrI 5.4%-6.9%). With reporting rates of less than 50%, the adjusted CFR for the US was 1.78 (CrI 0.8%-3.6%). Our estimates suggest that, if the reporting rate is less than 50%, the adjusted CFR of COVID-19 in Canada is likely to be less than 2%. The CFR estimates for the US were higher than those for Canada, but the adjusted CFR still remained below 2%. Quantification of case reporting can provide a more accurate measure of the virulence and disease burden of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2."}, {"pmid": 32300051, "pmcid": "PMC7204613", "title": "Insights from immuno-oncology: the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer Statement on access to IL-6-targeting therapies for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Immunother Cancer", "authors": ["Ascierto, Paolo Antonio", "Fox, Bernard A", "Urba, Walter J", "Anderson, Ana Carrizosa", "Atkins, Michael B", "Borden, Ernest C", "Brahmer, Julie R", "Butterfield, Lisa H", "Cesano, Alessandra", "Chen, Daniel C", "de Gruijl, Tanja D", "Dillman, Robert O", "Drake, Charles G", "Emens, Leisha A", "Gajewski, Thomas F", "Gulley, James L", "Stephen Hodi, F Jr", "Hwu, Patrick", "Kaufman, David", "Kaufman, Howard L", "Lotze, Michael T", "McNeel, Douglas G", "Margolin, Kim M", "Marincola, Francesco M", "Mastrangelo, Michael J", "Maus, Marcela V", "Parkinson, David R", "Romero, Pedro J", "Sondel, Paul M", "Spranger, Stefani", "Sznol, Mario", "Weiner, George J", "Wigginton, Jon M", "Weber, Jeffrey S"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300051", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278879, "pmcid": "PMC7144604", "title": "Testing for COVID-19 in lung cancer patients.", "journal": "Ann Oncol", "authors": ["Passaro, A", "Peters, S", "Mok, T S K", "Attili, I", "Mitsudomi, T", "de Marinis, F"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278879", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314953, "title": "Public Health and COVID-19: From Response to Recovery.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["James, James J"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314953", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242111, "title": "Lockdown in Italy: personal stories of doing science during the COVID-19 quarantine.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Paterlini, Marta"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242111", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526040, "title": "The broad spectrum of dermatological manifestations in COVID-19. Clinical and histopathological features learned from a series of 34 cases.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Rubio-Muniz, C A", "Puerta-Pena, M", "Falkenhain-Lopez, D", "Arroyo-Andres, J", "Agud-Dios, M", "Rodriguez-Peralto, J L", "Ortiz-Romero, P L", "Rivera-Diaz, R"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526040", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic began in Europe, a plethora of cutaneous manifestations have been related to this infection1,2 . However, their underlying mechanism and prognostic relevance remain unclear. Thus, we collected data from all COVID-19 cases presenting with skin manifestations in our hospital in Madrid during one month."}, {"pmid": 32407551, "title": "Interrogation of safety and efficacy of home-use light-based devices.", "journal": "Br J Dermatol", "authors": ["Ali, F R", "Al-Niaimi, F"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407551", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We read with interest the short paper describing, and commend the authors on sharing their experience the continued use of phototherapy in COVID-19 affected Italy. Phototherapy is undoubtedly a long-established, relatively safe means of reducing the burden of inflammatory skin disease avoiding large doses of immunosuppression. Home phototherapy devices and services have a long-established use in many countries throughout the world, as described in previous issues of this journal."}, {"pmid": 32387682, "pmcid": "PMC7204664", "title": "Characteristics of asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Jinan, China.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Ma, Yan", "Xu, Qing-Nan", "Wang, Feng-Li", "Ma, Xiao-Man", "Wang, Xiao-Yan", "Zhang, Xiao-Guo", "Zhang, Zhong-Fa"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387682", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) is continuously and rapidly circulating at present. Asymptomatic patients have been proven to be contagious and thus pose a significant infection control challenge. Here we describe the characteristics of asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Jinan, Shandong province, China. A total of 47 patients with confirmed COVID-19 were recruited. Among them, 11 patients were categorized as asymptomatic cases. We found that the asymptomatic patients in Jinan were relatively young and were mainly clustered cases. The laboratory indicators and lung lesion on chest CT were mild. No special factors were found accounting for the presence or absence of symptoms. The presence of asymptomatic patients increased the difficulty of screening. It is necessary to strengthen the identification of such patients in the future."}, {"pmid": 32489694, "pmcid": "PMC7220290", "title": "Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Coronavirus (COVID-19)-Induced Pneumonia: Revisiting the Paracrine Hypothesis with New Hopes?", "journal": "Aging Dis", "authors": ["Ozturk, Selcuk", "Elcin, Ayse Eser", "Elcin, Yasar Murat"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489694", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) bear a promising potential for regenerative medicine therapies and they repair damaged tissue through secretion of immune modulatory and anti-inflammatory molecules acting in a paracrine fashion. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread all over the world with high morbidity and mortality rates and there is no specific treatment for this infection. A recent study published in the journal reports that MSC infusion is safe and effective in patients suffering from COVID-19 induced pneumonia. In the light of this study and previous reports, we make additional comments about possible therapeutic effects of MSCs in COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32388177, "pmcid": "PMC7191294", "title": "\"That which does not kill us, makes us stronger\": COVID-19 and Posttraumatic Growth.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Tamiolaki, Alexandra", "Kalaitzaki, Argyroula E"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388177", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32245754, "title": "COVID-19 outbreak and its monetary implications for dental practices, hospitals and healthcare workers.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Farooq, Imran", "Ali, Saqib"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245754", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel COVID-19 came under limelight few months back (December 2019) and has recently been declared a pandemic by WHO. It has resulted in serious financial implications being faced by dental practices, hospitals and healthcare workers. Dental practice currently is restricted to provision of emergency dental care whereas, many hospitals have also cancelled elective procedures to save finances for COVID-19 treatment which is expensive and unpredictable. In addition, healthcare workers are also facing financial challenges in this difficult time. Competent authorities should step in to help dental practices, hospitals and healthcare workers in order to ensure the provision of all types of healthcare efficiently in these testing times and beyond."}, {"pmid": 32303384, "pmcid": "PMC7195508", "title": "Endourological Stone Management in the Era of the COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Proietti, Silvia", "Gaboardi, Franco", "Giusti, Guido"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303384", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355243, "title": "Scores of coronavirus vaccines are in competition - how will scientists choose the best?", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Callaway, Ewen"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355243", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380821, "title": "Therapeutic plasma exchange as a rescue therapy in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a case series.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Adeli, Seyed Hasan", "Asghari, Akram", "Tabarraii, Reihane", "Shajari, Rasoul", "Afshari, Sara", "Kalhor, Narges", "Vafaeimanesh, Jamshid"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380821", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32184208, "title": "Covid-19: BMA calls for rapid testing and appropriate protective equipment for doctors.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32184208", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292232, "pmcid": "PMC7126697", "title": "Healthcare impact of COVID-19 epidemic in India: A stochastic mathematical model.", "journal": "Med J Armed Forces India", "authors": ["Chatterjee, Kaustuv", "Chatterjee, Kaushik", "Kumar, Arun", "Shankar, Subramanian"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292232", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In India, the SARS-CoV2 COVID-19 epidemic has grown to 1,251 cases and 32 deaths as on 30 Mar 2020. The healthcare impact of the epidemic in India was studied with a stochastic mathematical model. A compartmental SEIR model was developed, in which the flow of individuals through compartments is modeled using a set of differential equations. Different scenarios were modeled with 1000 runs of Monte Carlo simulation each using MATLAB. Hospitalization, ICU requirements and deaths were modeled on SimVoi software. The impact of Non-Pharmacological Interventions (NPI) including social distancing and lockdown on checking the epidemic was estimated. Uninterrupted epidemic in India would have resulted in over 364 million cases and 1.56 million deaths with peak by mid-July. As per the model, at growth rate of 1.15, India is likely to reach approximately 3 million cases by 25 May, implying 125,455 (\u00b118,034) hospitalizations, 26,130 (\u00b13,298) ICU admissions and 13,447 (\u00b11,819) deaths. This would overwhelm India's healthcare system. The model shows that with immediate institution of NPIs, the epidemic might still be checked by mid-April 2020. It would then result in 241,974 (\u00b133,735) total infections, 10,214 (\u00b11,649) hospitalizations, 2,121 (\u00b1334) ICU admissions and 1,081(\u00b1169) deaths. At current growth rate of epidemic, India's healthcare resources will be overwhelmed by end-May. With the immediate institution of NPIs, total cases, hospitalizations, ICU requirements and deaths can be reduced by almost 90%."}, {"pmid": 32382932, "pmcid": "PMC7203724", "title": "COVID-19: a novel coronavirus and a novel challenge for oral healthcare.", "journal": "Clin Oral Investig", "authors": ["Guo, Jincai", "Xie, Hui", "Liang, Mining", "Wu, Hao"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382932", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Explore how to manage oral healthcare during the COVID-19 outbreak. In order to solve oral healthcare during the COVID-19 outbreak, our hospital has taken effective measures: build a team of experts, which provide a 24-h hotline, online video consultation, and online training and push popular science articles on WeChat. For the treatment of emergency patients aside from routine epidemic prevention measures, some special measures for oral treatment need to be added. From January 23, 2020, to March 2, 2020, a total of 3035 patients received oral therapy during the COVID-19 epidemic in our hospital. To our knowledge, no oral health worker or patient has been infected with COVID-19 due to oral treatment, and no patients have complained about the suspension of treatment by complaints hotline. COVID-19 is a novel challenge for oral healthcare. Attention should be paid to oral healthcare during the outbreak of COVID-19. These experiences of oral healthcare can be used as a reference by stomatological hospitals and oral clinics during public health emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32428031, "pmcid": "PMC7237000", "title": "Work-related COVID-19 transmission in six Asian countries/areas: A follow-up study.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Lan, Fan-Yun", "Wei, Chih-Fu", "Hsu, Yu-Tien", "Christiani, David C", "Kales, Stefanos N"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428031", "countries": ["Thailand", "Singapore", "China", "Viet Nam", "Japan"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is limited evidence of work-related transmission in the emerging coronaviral pandemic. We aimed to identify high-risk occupations for early coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) local transmission. In this observational study, we extracted confirmed COVID-19 cases from governmental investigation reports in Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. We followed each country/area for 40 days after its first locally transmitted case, and excluded all imported cases. We defined a possible work-related case as a worker with evidence of close contact with another confirmed case due to work, or an unknown contact history but likely to be infected in the working environment (e.g. an airport taxi driver). We calculated the case number for each occupation, and illustrated the temporal distribution of all possible work-related cases and healthcare worker (HCW) cases. The temporal distribution was further defined as early outbreak (the earliest 10 days of the following period) and late outbreak (11th to 40th days of the following period). We identified 103 possible work-related cases (14.9%) among a total of 690 local transmissions. The five occupation groups with the most cases were healthcare workers (HCWs) (22%), drivers and transport workers (18%), services and sales workers (18%), cleaning and domestic workers (9%) and public safety workers (7%). Possible work-related transmission played a substantial role in early outbreak (47.7% of early cases). Occupations at risk varied from early outbreak (predominantly services and sales workers, drivers, construction laborers, and religious professionals) to late outbreak (predominantly HCWs, drivers, cleaning and domestic workers, police officers, and religious professionals). Work-related transmission is considerable in early COVID-19 outbreaks, and the elevated risk of infection was not limited to HCW. Implementing preventive/surveillance strategies for high-risk working populations is warranted."}, {"pmid": 32430215, "pmcid": "PMC7205694", "title": "Reply to Guglielmo Mantica, Nazareno Suardi, and Carlo Terrone's Letter to the Editor re: Ming-Chun Chan, Sharon E.K. Yeo, Yew-Lam Chong, Yee-Mun Lee. Stepping Forward: Urologists' Efforts During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Singapore. Eur Urol. In press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2020.03.004.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Chan, Ming-Chun", "Yeo, Sharon E K", "Chong, Yew-Lam", "Lee, Yee-Mun"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430215", "countries": ["Singapore"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445629, "pmcid": "PMC7239622", "title": "Health care and mental health challenges for transgender individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol", "authors": ["Wang, Yuanyuan", "Pan, Bailin", "Liu, Ye", "Wilson, Amanda", "Ou, Jianjun", "Chen, Runsen"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445629", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446705, "pmcid": "PMC7211573", "title": "Stress resilience during the coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Neuropsychopharmacol", "authors": ["Vinkers, Christiaan H", "van Amelsvoort, Therese", "Bisson, Jonathan I", "Branchi, Igor", "Cryan, John F", "Domschke, Katharina", "Howes, Oliver D", "Manchia, Mirko", "Pinto, Luisa", "de Quervain, Dominique", "Schmidt, Mathias V", "van der Wee, Nic J A"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446705", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemic of the 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global public health emergency with multifaceted severe consequences for people's lives and their mental health. In this article, as members of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology (ECNP) Resilience, we will discuss the urgent need for a focus on resilience during the current coronavirus pandemic. Resilience is pivotal to cope with stress and vital to stay in balance. We will discuss the importance of resilience at the individual and societal level, but also the implication for patients with a psychiatric condition and health care workers. We not only advocate for an increased focus on mental health during the coronavirus pandemic but also highlight the urgent need of augmenting our focus on resilience and on strategies to enhance it."}, {"pmid": 32515336, "title": "[Forhojet D-dimer og karakteristiske billeddiagnostiske fund hos patient med COVID-19].", "journal": "Ugeskr Laeger", "authors": ["Lynggaard, Sune Eisner", "Nygaard, Leo", "Overgaard, Ellen Kirstine"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515336", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32205232, "pmcid": "PMC7102548", "title": "Lianhuaqingwen exerts anti-viral and anti-inflammatory activity against novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Runfeng, Li", "Yunlong, Hou", "Jicheng, Huang", "Weiqi, Pan", "Qinhai, Ma", "Yongxia, Shi", "Chufang, Li", "Jin, Zhao", "Zhenhua, Jia", "Haiming, Jiang", "Kui, Zheng", "Shuxiang, Huang", "Jun, Dai", "Xiaobo, Li", "Xiaotao, Hou", "Lin, Wang", "Nanshan, Zhong", "Zifeng, Yang"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205232", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lianhuaqingwen (LH) as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula has been used to treat influenza and exerted broad-spectrum antiviral effects on a series of influenza viruses and immune regulatory effects Ding et al. (2017). The goal of this study is to demonstrate the antiviral activity of LH against the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus and its potential effect in regulating host immune response. The antiviral activity of LH against SARS-CoV-2 was assessed in Vero E6 cells using CPE and plaque reduction assay. The effect of LH on virion morphology was visualized under transmission electron microscope. Pro-inflammatory cytokine expression levels upon SARS-CoV-2 infection in Huh-7 cells were measured by real-time quantitative PCR assays. LH significantly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero E6 cells and markedly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, CCL-2/MCP-1 and CXCL-10/IP-10) production at the mRNA levels. Furthermore, LH treatment resulted in abnormal particle morphology of virion in cells. LH significantly inhibits the SARS-COV-2 replication, affects virus morphology and exerts anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. These findings indicate that LH protects against the virus attack, making its use a novel strategy for controlling the COVID-19 disease."}, {"pmid": 32334692, "pmcid": "PMC7180010", "title": "Travel restrictions hampering COVID-19 response.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Devi, Sharmila"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334692", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413354, "pmcid": "PMC7217073", "title": "Age, inflammation and disease location are critical determinants of intestinal expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in inflammatory bowel disease.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Krzysztof, Nowak Jan", "Christoffer, Lindstrom Jonas", "Rahul, Kalla", "Ricanek, Petr", "Jonas, Halfvarson", "Jack, Satsangi"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413354", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395840, "pmcid": "PMC7272822", "title": "Psychopathological problems related to the COVID-19 pandemic and possible prevention with music therapy.", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Mastnak, Wolfgang"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395840", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32357997, "title": "Coagulopathy associated with COVID-19.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Lee, Stephanie G", "Fralick, Michael", "Sholzberg, Michelle"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357997", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405974, "pmcid": "PMC7220847", "title": "Organ function support in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: Tongji experience.", "journal": "Front Med", "authors": ["Li, Yong", "He, Fan", "Zhou, Ning", "Wei, Jia", "Ding, Zeyang", "Wang, Luyun", "Chen, Peng", "Guo, Shuiming", "Zhang, Binhao", "Wan, Xiaoning", "Zhu, Wei"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405974", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease and a serious threat to human health. COVID-19 can cause multiple organ dysfunction, such as respiratory and circulatory failure, liver and kidney injury, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and thromboembolism, and even death. The World Health Organization reports that the mortality rate of severe-type COVID-19 is over 50%. Currently, the number of severe cases worldwide has increased rapidly, but the experience in the treatment of infected patients is still limited. Given the lack of specific antiviral drugs, multi-organ function support treatment is important for patients with COVID-19. To improve the cure rate and reduce the mortality of patients with severe- and critical-type COVID-19, this paper summarizes the experience of organ function support in patients with severe- and critical-type COVID-19 in Optical Valley Branch of Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China. This paper systematically summarizes the procedures of functional support therapies for multiple organs and systems, including respiratory, circulatory, renal, hepatic, and hematological systems, among patients with severe- and critical-type COVID-19. This paper provides a clinical reference and a new strategy for the optimal treatment of COVID-19 worldwide."}, {"pmid": 32282972, "pmcid": "PMC7262076", "title": "COVID-19: Thoughts and comments from a tertiary liver transplant center in France.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Tzedakis, Stylianos", "Jeddou, Heithem", "Houssel-Debry, Pauline", "Sulpice, Laurent", "Boudjema, Karim"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282972", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503831, "title": "Lockdown During COVID-19: The Greek Success.", "journal": "In Vivo", "authors": ["Moris, Dimitrios", "Schizas, Dimitrios"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503831", "countries": ["Greece"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus is an ongoing pandemic challenging health systems worldwide. The aim of this report was to evaluate the effectiveness of lockdown in different countries, highlighting the performance of Greek society and authorities. We analyzed publicly available data from the \"Worldometer\". We evaluated the efficacy of lockdown at one month after implementation. Delta Days (DD) referred to the difference in the days of reaching 1 case/million people to the adoption of lockdown. Higher healthcare expenditure as % of the national GDP was not correlated with better 30-day mortality outcomes. DD index was significantly correlated to the incidence of COVID-19 per million people at 30 days (p-value=0.001). The correlation between DD and 30-day mortality was not statistically significant (p-value=0.087). Early lockdown was proven to be the appropriate policy to limit the spread of COVID-19. Greece was a success story in preventing spread despite limited resources."}, {"pmid": 32221974, "title": "Practical considerations in the anaesthetic management of patients during a COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Ong, S", "Khee, T T"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221974", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405231, "pmcid": "PMC7217795", "title": "Therapeutic Strategy for Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Patients on Durable Left Ventricular Assist Device Support.", "journal": "J Card Fail", "authors": ["Singh, Rajat", "Domenico, Christopher", "Rao, Sriram D", "Urgo, Kimberly", "Prenner, Stuart B", "Wald, Joyce W", "Atluri, Pavan", "Birati, Edo Y"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405231", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32316165, "pmcid": "PMC7215611", "title": "Naive Forecast for COVID-19 in Utah Based on the South Korea and Italy Models-the Fluctuation between Two Extremes.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Qeadan, Fares", "Honda, Trenton", "Gren, Lisa H", "Dailey-Provost, Jennifer", "Benson, L Scott", "VanDerslice, James A", "Porucznik, Christina A", "Waters, A Blake", "Lacey, Steven", "Shoaf, Kimberley"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316165", "countries": ["United States", "Italy", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Differences in jurisdictional public health actions have played a significant role in the relative success of local communities in combating and containing the COVID-19 pandemic. We forecast the possible COVID-19 outbreak in one US state (Utah) by applying empirical data from South Korea and Italy, two countries that implemented disparate public health actions. Forecasts were created by aligning the start of the pandemic in Utah with that in South Korea and Italy, getting a short-run forecast based on actual daily rates of spread, and long-run forecast by employing a log-logistic model with four parameters. Applying the South Korea model, the epidemic peak in Utah is 169 cases/day, with epidemic resolution by the end of May. Applying the Italy model, new cases are forecast to exceed 200/day by mid-April, with the potential for 250 new cases a day at the epidemic peak, with the epidemic continuing through the end of August. We identify a 3-month variation in the likely length of the pandemic, a 1.5-fold difference in the number of daily infections at outbreak peak, and a 3-fold difference in the expected cumulative cases when applying the experience of two developed countries in handling this virus to the Utah context."}, {"pmid": 32044389, "pmcid": "PMC7128681", "title": "Going global - Travel and the 2019 novel coronavirus.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J", "MacGregor, Kirsten", "Kanagarajah, Sanch", "Patel, Dipti", "Schlagenhauf, Patricia"], "date": "2020-02-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32044389", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388129, "pmcid": "PMC7194511", "title": "The nexus between COVID-19, temperature and exchange rate in Wuhan city: New findings from partial and multiple wavelet coherence.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Iqbal, Najaf", "Fareed, Zeeshan", "Shahzad, Farrukh", "He, Xin", "Shahzad, Umer", "Lina, Ma"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388129", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study attempts to document the nexus between weather, COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan and the Chinese economy. We used daily average temperature (hourly data), daily new confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan, and RMB (Chinese currency) exchange rate to represent the weather, COVID-19 outbreak and the Chinese economy, respectively. The methodology of Wavelet Transform Coherence (WTC), Partial Wavelet Coherence (PWC) and Multiple Wavelet Coherence (MWC) is employed to analyze the daily data collected from 21st January 2020 to 31st March 2020. The results have revealed a significant coherence between the series at different time-frequency combinations. The overall results suggest the insignificance of an increase in temperature to contain or slow down the new COVID-19 infections. The RMB exchange rate and the COVID-19 showed an out phase coherence at specific time-frequency spots suggesting a negative but limited impact of the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan on the Chinese export economy. Our results are contrary to many earlier studies which suggest a significant role of temperature in slowing down the COVID-19 spread. These results can have important policy implications for the containment of COVID-19 spread and macro-economic management with respect to changes in the weather."}, {"pmid": 32517322, "title": "Correlation between Preventive Health Behaviors and Psycho-Social Health Based on the Leisure Activities of South Koreans in the COVID-19 Crisis.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Kim, Young-Jae", "Cho, Jeong-Hyung"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517322", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has caused unprecedented damage worldwide, and quarantine and lockdown measures have been undertaken globally. This study focused on the differences in preventive behaviors and psycho-social health of South Koreans, as people continue engaging in leisure activities under self-regulation without a lockdown measure imposed by the government. For the sample, the frame of the \"2018 Population and Housing Census\" in South Korea was applied, and data from 1770 people were analyzed. The results showed that the groups participating in culture and arts and social activities displayed characteristics with high prevention. Additionally, the groups that continued leisure activities for more than five years and with family showed high preventive behaviors. Meanwhile, participation in leisure activities with friends of the opposite sex lowered preventive behavior. In terms of psycho-social health, all groups were affiliated to the potential stress group and there were no differences in the period and participation time for leisure activities. Furthermore, the group participating in leisure activities with their school and group experienced psychological stability. When lockdown measures are eased, the aforementioned characteristics should be considered to design government policy; they can also be used as a reference for public health in case of a future outbreak of an epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32191260, "title": "Securing the Safety Net and Protecting Public Health During a Pandemic: Medicaid's Response to COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Bachireddy, Chethan", "Chen, Christopher", "Dar, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32191260", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401466, "title": "Remdesivir", "journal": "Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed)", "date": "2020-05-14T11:01:00Z", "_id": "32401466", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32414384, "pmcid": "PMC7226711", "title": "\"Pairing assistance\": the effective way to solve the breakdown of health services system caused by COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Equity Health", "authors": ["Chen, Tianxiang", "Wang, Ying", "Hua, Lei"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414384", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The most terrifying thing about pandemic could be the large number of patients running against the health service system, which causes a serious shortage of health resources, especially medical personnel. Plotting mortality and diagnosis rates against medical staff resources in 16 cities in Hubei Province, where the epidemic was initially concerned and the most severe, shows a significant negative correlation, indicating the critical role of medical staff resources in controlling epidemics. Nevertheless, it is difficult to ensure that there exist enough medical personnel in cities severely hit by the outbreak. China provides solutions by adopting nationwide \"pairing assistance\" measures with at least one province assisting one city to alleviate pressure in the most severe area. By plotting the number of patients receiving treatment against day, it is clear that implementing \"pairing assistance\" is a turning point in China's fight against epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32433392, "title": "Building Local Health Department COVID-19 Emergency and Risk Communications Capacity.", "journal": "J Public Health Manag Pract", "authors": ["Lopez, Taylarr"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433392", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32208486, "title": "Treating COVID-19-Off-Label Drug Use, Compassionate Use, and Randomized Clinical Trials During Pandemics.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Kalil, Andre C"], "date": "2020-03-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32208486", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301279, "pmcid": "PMC7235494", "title": "The prospects for the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Africa.", "journal": "EMBO Mol Med", "authors": ["Quaresima, Virginia", "Naldini, Matteo M", "Cirillo, Daniela M"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301279", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On December 31, 2019, the Chinese government officially announced the identification of a new type of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) as the etiological cause of a severe acute respiratory syndrome in Wuhan city, Hubei Province. Over the next weeks, SARS-CoV-2 caused a global pandemic as officially declared by the WHO on March 11, 2020, with confirmed cases and deaths in more than 166 countries. We are experiencing a worldwide phenomenon of unprecedented social and economic consequences. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak, there have been fears that the epidemic could strongly impact weaker healthcare systems in poor-resource settings, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The 2\u00a0million Chinese nationals that live and work in Africa could potentially contribute to the spread of COVID-19 on the continent."}, {"pmid": 32400044, "pmcid": "PMC7272872", "title": "The importance of repeat testing in detecting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a coronary artery bypass grafting patient.", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Fisher, Bryant", "Seese, Laura", "Sultan, Ibrahim", "Kilic, Arman"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400044", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While elective cardiac surgeries have been postponed to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission and to reduce resource utilization, patients with urgent indications necessitating surgery may still be at risk of contracting the disease throughout their postoperative recovery. We present a case of an 81-year-old female who underwent urgent coronary artery bypass grafting and was readmitted following discharge to a nursing facility with a cluster of COVID-19 cases. Despite symptomatology and imaging concerning for COVID-19, two initial reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests were negative but a third test was positive. This case emphasizes the risks of discharge location in the COVID-19 era as well as the importance of clinical suspicion, early isolation practices for those presumed positive, and repeat testing, given the marginal sensitivity of available COVID-19 RT-PCR."}, {"pmid": 32506885, "title": "Study on the cleaning effect of medical protective positive pressure air supply respirator during COVID-19.", "journal": "Panminerva Med", "authors": ["Mo, Junjun", "Xu, Xiaowei", "Shen, Hongmei", "Huang, Fang", "Wang, Qun", "Lv, Bei", "Chen, Bocheng"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506885", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32308988, "pmcid": "PMC7160610", "title": "The use of simulation to prepare and improve responses to infectious disease outbreaks like COVID-19: practical tips and resources from Norway, Denmark, and the UK.", "journal": "Adv Simul (Lond)", "authors": ["Dieckmann, Peter", "Torgeirsen, Kjetil", "Qvindesland, Sigrun Anna", "Thomas, Libby", "Bushell, Verity", "Langli Ersdal, Hege"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308988", "countries": ["Norway", "United Kingdom", "Denmark"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this paper, we describe the potential of simulation to improve hospital responses to the COVID-19 crisis. We provide tools which can be used to analyse the current needs of the situation, explain how simulation can help to improve responses to the crisis, what the key issues are with integrating simulation into organisations, and what to focus on when conducting simulations. We provide an overview of helpful resources and a collection of scenarios and support for centre-based and in situ simulations."}, {"pmid": 32478910, "title": "A survey on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on motility and functional investigations in Europe and considerations for recommencing activities in the early recovery phase.", "journal": "Neurogastroenterol Motil", "authors": ["Tack, Jan", "Schol, Jolien", "Geeraerts, Annelies", "Huang, I-Hsuan", "Mori, Hideki", "Scarpellini, Emidio", "Sinonquel, Pieter", "Carbone, Florencia", "Colomier, Esther", "Geysen, Hannelore", "Jandee, Sawangpong", "Moonen, An", "Pannemans, Jasper", "Timmermans, Lien", "Van den Houte, Karen", "Verbeure, Wout", "Wauters, Lucas", "Bisschops, Raf", "Hoffman, Ilse", "Roelandt, Philip", "Rommel, Nathalie", "Simren, Magnus", "Suzuki, Hidekazu", "Tornblom, Hans", "Verbeke, Kristin", "Vanuytsel, Tim"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478910", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic, declared by WHO on March 13th 2020, had a major global impact on the health care system and services. In the acute phase, the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the aerodigestive tract limited activities in the gastroenterology clinic and procedures to emergencies only. Motility and function testing was interrupted and as we enter the recovery phase, restarting these procedures requires a safety-focused approach with adequate infection prevention for patients and healthcare professionals. We summarized knowledge on the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the aerodigestive tract and the risk of spread with motility and functional testing. We surveyed 39 European centers documenting how the pandemic affected activities and which measures they are considering for restarting these measurements. We propose recommendations based on current knowledge as applied in our center. Positioning of catheters for gastrointestinal motility tests carries a concern for aerosol-borne infection of health care workers. The risk is low with breath tests. The surveyed centers stopped almost all motility and function tests from the second half of March. The speed of restarting and the safety measures taken varied highly. Based on these findings, we provided recommendations and practical relevant information for motility and function test procedures in the COVID-19 pandemic era, to guarantee a high-quality patient care with adequate infection prevention."}, {"pmid": 32461324, "title": "Digital contact tracing for COVID-19.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Kleinman, Robert A", "Merkel, Colin"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461324", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498556, "title": "Facilitating transcatheter aortic valve implantation in the era of COVID-19: Recommendations for programmes.", "journal": "Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs", "authors": ["Lauck, Sandra", "Forman, Jacqueline", "Borregaard, Britt", "Sathananthan, Janarthanan", "Achtem, Leslie", "McCalmont, Gemma", "Muir, Douglas", "Hawkey, Marian C", "Smith, Amanda", "Hojberg Kirk, Bettina", "Wood, David A", "Webb, John G"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498556", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic continues to significantly impact the treatment of people living with aortic stenosis, and access to transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) programmes require unique coordinated processes that are currently experiencing multiple disruptions and are guided by rapidly evolving protocols. We present a series of recommendations for TAVI programmes to adapt to the new demands, based on recent evidence and the international expertise of nurse leaders and collaborators in this field. Although recommended in most guidelines, the uptake of the role of the TAVI programme nurse is uneven across international regions. COVID-19 is further highlighting why a nurse-led central point of coordination and communication is a vital asset for patients and programmes. We propose an alternative streamlined evaluation pathway to minimize patients' pre-procedure exposure to the hospital environment while ensuring appropriate treatment decision and shared decision-making. The competing demands created by COVID-19 require vigilant wait list management, with risk stratification, telephone surveillance and optimized triage and prioritization. A minimalist approach with close scrutiny of all parts of the procedure has become an imperative to avoid any complications and ensure patients' accelerated recovery. Lastly, we outline a nurse-led protocol of rapid mobilization and reconditioning as an effective strategy to facilitate safe next-day discharge home. As the pandemic abates, TAVI programmes must facilitate access to care without compromising patient safety, enable hospitals to manage the competing demands created by COVID-19 and establish new processes to support patients living with valvular heart disease."}, {"pmid": 32240078, "title": "COVID-19 Outbreak Associated with Air Conditioning in Restaurant, Guangzhou, China, 2020.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lu, Jianyun", "Gu, Jieni", "Li, Kuibiao", "Xu, Conghui", "Su, Wenzhe", "Lai, Zhisheng", "Zhou, Deqian", "Yu, Chao", "Xu, Bin", "Yang, Zhicong"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240078", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During January 26-February 10, 2020, an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease in an air-conditioned restaurant in Guangzhou, China, involved 3 family clusters. The airflow direction was consistent with droplet transmission. To prevent the spread of the virus in restaurants, we recommend increasing the distance between tables and improving ventilation."}, {"pmid": 32395009, "pmcid": "PMC7212729", "title": "COVID-19 and medical professionals: lessons for agriculture.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Wolf, Steven A"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395009", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350796, "pmcid": "PMC7189828", "title": "It's not over until it's over: the chameleonic behavior of COVID-19 over a six-day period.", "journal": "Radiol Med", "authors": ["Fichera, Giulia", "Stramare, Roberto", "De Conti, Giorgio", "Motta, Raffaella", "Giraudo, Chiara"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350796", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current global outbreak of COVID-19 represents a major challenge in terms of epidemiology, contagiousness, treatment, as well as clinical and radiological behavior of this disease. Radiological imaging plays a key role in the diagnostic process and during the monitoring of the clinical conditions especially of patients with severe symptoms. According to the preliminary data collected in our tertiary center, we have documented a peculiar behavior in patients requiring endotracheal intubation who underwent seriate chest X-rays. In fact, the radiological pattern of COVID-19 patients may worsen despite a prompt amelioration after the onset of mechanical ventilation. Thus, according to our initial evidence, we recommend to perform seriate chest X-rays in the days following the onset of mechanical ventilation even if the immediate monitoring suggests an improvement. Studies on a larger scale are necessary to fully assess the findings at chest radiographs of critical, mechanically ventilated patients and their correlation with the long-term outcome."}, {"pmid": 32271602, "title": "Improved Early Recognition of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19): Single-Center Data from a Shanghai Screening Hospital.", "journal": "Arch Iran Med", "authors": ["Peng, Ling", "Liu, Kang-Yong", "Xue, Fei", "Miao, Ya-Fang", "Tu, Ping-An", "Zhou, Chao"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271602", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, an outbreak of a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19; previously known as 2019-nCoV) was reported in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, which has subsequently affected more than 200 countries worldwide including Europe, North America, Oceania, Africa and other places. The number of infected people is rapidly increasing, while the diagnostic method of COVID-19 is only by nucleic acid testing. To explain the epidemiological characteristics, clinical features, imaging manifestations and to judge diagnostic value of COVID-19 by analyzing the clinical data of COVID-19 suspected and confirmed patients in a non-outbreak, Shanghai, China. To clarify the early epidemiology and clinical characteristics about COVID-19. Cross-sectional, single-center case reports of the 86 patients screened at Zhoupu Hospital in Pudong New District, Shanghai, China, from January 23 to February 16, 2020. Epidemiology, demography, clinical, laboratory and chest CTs were collected and analyzed. The screened patients were divided into COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 based on nucleic acid test results. Of the 86 screened patients, 11 were confirmed (12.8%) by nucleic acid testing (mean age 40.73 \u00b1 11.32, 5 males). No significant differences were found in clinical symptoms including fever, cough, dyspnea, sore throat, and fatigue (P > 0.05). No statistical difference was observed in plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) between the two groups (COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 ) of patients (P = 0.402), while the white blood cell count and lymphocyte count of the confirmed patients were slightly lower than those of the suspected patients (P < 0.05). Some non-COVID-19 chest CTs also showed subpleural lesions, such as ground-glass opacities (GGO) combined with bronchiectasis; or halo nodules distributed under the pleura with focal GGO; consolidation of subpleural distribution or combined with air bronchi sign and vascular bundle sign, etc. The early clinical manifestations and imaging findings of COVID-19 are not characteristic in non-outbreak areas. Etiological testing should be performed as early as possible for clinically suspected patients."}, {"pmid": 32526626, "title": "Response to 'Vitamin D concentrations and COVID-19 infection in UK Biobank'.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Roy, Akangsha Sur", "Matson, Montgomery", "Herlekar, Rahul"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526626", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221693, "pmcid": "PMC7100395", "title": "Does hand hygiene reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission?", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Yang, Chao"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221693", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430410, "pmcid": "PMC7241113", "title": "Continuous positive airway pressure to avoid intubation in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: a two-period retrospective case-control study.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Oranger, Mathilde", "Gonzalez-Bermejo, Jesus", "Dacosta-Noble, Philippine", "Llontop, Claudia", "Guerder, Antoine", "Trosini-Desert, Valery", "Faure, Morgane", "Raux, Mathieu", "Decavele, Maxens", "Demoule, Alexandre", "Morelot-Panzini, Capucine", "Similowski, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430410", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348012, "title": "COVID-19: looking forward.", "journal": "Intern Med J", "authors": ["Szer, Jeff"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348012", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32146694, "pmcid": "PMC7088568", "title": "Clinical characteristics of 24 asymptomatic infections with COVID-19 screened among close contacts in Nanjing, China.", "journal": "Sci China Life Sci", "authors": ["Hu, Zhiliang", "Song, Ci", "Xu, Chuanjun", "Jin, Guangfu", "Chen, Yaling", "Xu, Xin", "Ma, Hongxia", "Chen, Wei", "Lin, Yuan", "Zheng, Yishan", "Wang, Jianming", "Hu, Zhibin", "Yi, Yongxiang", "Shen, Hongbing"], "date": "2020-03-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32146694", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Previous studies have showed clinical characteristics of patients with the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the evidence of person-to-person transmission. Limited data are available for asymptomatic infections. This study aims to present the clinical characteristics of 24 cases with asymptomatic infection screened from close contacts and to show the transmission potential of asymptomatic COVID-19 virus carriers. Epidemiological investigations were conducted among all close contacts of COVID-19 patients (or suspected patients) in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China, from Jan 28 to Feb 9, 2020, both in clinic and in community. Asymptomatic carriers were laboratory-confirmed positive for the COVID-19 virus by testing the nucleic acid of the pharyngeal swab samples. Their clinical records, laboratory assessments, and chest CT scans were reviewed. As a result, none of the 24 asymptomatic cases presented any obvious symptoms while nucleic acid screening. Five cases (20.8%) developed symptoms (fever, cough, fatigue, etc.) during hospitalization. Twelve (50.0%) cases showed typical CT images of ground-glass chest and 5 (20.8%) presented stripe shadowing in the lungs. The remaining 7 (29.2%) cases showed normal CT image and had no symptoms during hospitalization. These 7 cases were younger (median age: 14.0 years; P=0.012) than the rest. None of the 24 cases developed severe COVID-19 pneumonia or died. The median communicable period, defined as the interval from the first day of positive nucleic acid tests to the first day of continuous negative tests, was 9.5 days (up to 21 days among the 24 asymptomatic cases). Through epidemiological investigation, we observed a typical asymptomatic transmission to the cohabiting family members, which even caused severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Overall, the asymptomatic carriers identified from close contacts were prone to be mildly ill during hospitalization. However, the communicable period could be up to three weeks and the communicated patients could develop severe illness. These results highlighted the importance of close contact tracing and longitudinally surveillance via virus nucleic acid tests. Further isolation recommendation and continuous nucleic acid tests may also be recommended to the patients discharged."}, {"pmid": 32511673, "title": "Association Between Mode of Delivery Among Pregnant Women With COVID-19 and Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Spain.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Martinez-Perez, Oscar", "Vouga, Manon", "Cruz Melguizo, Sara", "Forcen Acebal, Laura", "Panchaud, Alice", "Munoz-Chapuli, Mar", "Baud, David"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511673", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505172, "title": "Towards reduction in bias in epidemic curves due to outcome misclassification through Bayesian analysis of time-series of laboratory test results: case study of COVID-19 in Alberta, Canada and Philadelphia, USA.", "journal": "BMC Med Res Methodol", "authors": ["Burstyn, Igor", "Goldstein, Neal D", "Gustafson, Paul"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505172", "countries": ["United States", "Canada"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite widespread use, the accuracy of the diagnostic test for SARS-CoV-2 infection is poorly understood. The aim of our work was to better quantify misclassification errors in identification of true cases of COVID-19 and to study the impact of these errors in epidemic curves using publicly available surveillance data from Alberta, Canada and Philadelphia, USA. We examined time-series data of laboratory tests for SARS-CoV-2 viral infection, the causal agent for COVID-19, to try to explore, using a Bayesian approach, the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic test. Our analysis revealed that the data were compatible with near-perfect specificity, but it was challenging to gain information about sensitivity. We applied these insights to uncertainty/bias analysis of epidemic curves under the assumptions of both improving and degrading sensitivity. If the sensitivity improved from 60 to 95%, the adjusted epidemic curves likely falls within the 95% confidence intervals of the observed counts. However, bias in the shape and peak of the epidemic curves can be pronounced, if sensitivity either degrades or remains poor in the 60-70% range. In the extreme scenario, hundreds of undiagnosed cases, even among the tested, are possible, potentially leading to further unchecked contagion should these cases not self-isolate. The best way to better understand bias in the epidemic curves of COVID-19 due to errors in testing is to empirically evaluate misclassification of diagnosis in clinical settings and apply this knowledge to adjustment of epidemic curves."}, {"pmid": 32339137, "pmcid": "PMC7174828", "title": "Mental health and a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China.", "journal": "J Affect Disord", "authors": ["Zheng, Wei"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339137", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377635, "pmcid": "PMC7200133", "title": "Pandemic-related excess mortality (COVID-19), public health measures and funerary rituals.", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Crubezy, Eric", "Telmon, Norbert"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377635", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444197, "pmcid": "PMC7237905", "title": "Risk and Protective Factors for Adolescent and Young Adult Mental Health Within the Context of COVID-19: A Perspective From Nepal.", "journal": "J Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Sharma, Vinita", "Reina Ortiz, Miguel", "Sharma, Nandita"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444197", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497632, "pmcid": "PMC7263255", "title": "Potential therapeutic targets for combating SARS-CoV-2: Drug repurposing, clinical trials and recent advancements.", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Pandey, Abhjieet", "Nikam, Ajinkya Nitin", "Shreya, Ajjappla Basavraj", "Mutalik, Sadhana P", "Gopalan, Divya", "Kulkarni, Sanjay", "Padya, Bharath Singh", "Fernandes, Gasper", "Mutalik, Srinivas", "Prassl, Ruth"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497632", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The present pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 has been a tough task for the whole world to deal with. With the absence of specific drugs or vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, the situation is very difficult to control. Apart from the absence of specific therapies, the lack of knowledge about potential therapeutic targets and individual perception is adding to the complications. The present review describes the novel SARS-CoV-2 structure, surface proteins, asymptomatic and symptomatic transmission in addition to the genotype and phenotype of SARS-CoV-2 along with genetic strains and similarity between SARS, MERS and SARS-CoV-2. Therapeutic strategies such as inhibition of the endocytic pathway and suppressing RNA polymerase activity by metal ions, which could be quite beneficial for controlling COVID-19, are outlined. The drug repurposing for SARS-CoV-2 is discussed in detail along with therapeutic classes such as antivirals, antibiotics, and amino quinolones and their probable role in suppressing SARS-CoV-2 with reference to case studies. The ongoing clinical trials both with respect to drug repurposing and vaccines are summarized along with a brief description. The recent advancements and future perspective of ongoing research for therapy and detection of SARS-CoV-2 are provided. The review, in brief, summarizes epidemiology, therapy and the current scenario for combating SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32176772, "pmcid": "PMC7184452", "title": "Clinical Features of 69 Cases with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Zhongliang", "Yang, Bohan", "Li, Qianwen", "Wen, Lu", "Zhang, Ruiguang"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32176772", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From December 2019 to February 2020, 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a serious outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. Related clinical features are needed. We reviewed 69 patients who were hospitalized in Union hospital in Wuhan between January 16 to January 29, 2020. All patients were confirmed to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 and the final date of follow-up was February 4, 2020. The median age of 69 enrolled patients was 42.0 years (IQR 35.0-62.0), and 32 patients (46%) were men. The most common symptoms were fever (60[87%]), cough (38[55%]), and fatigue (29[42%]). Most patients received antiviral therapy (66 [98.5%] of 67 patients) and antibiotic therapy (66 [98.5%] of 67 patients). As of February 4, 2020, 18 (26.9%) of 67 patients had been discharged, and five patients had died, with a mortality rate of 7.5%. According to the lowest SpO2 during admission, cases were divided into the SpO2\u226590% group (n=55) and the SpO2<90% group (n=14). All 5 deaths occurred in the SpO2<90% group. Compared with SpO2\u226590% group, patients of the SpO2<90% group were older, and showed more comorbidities and higher plasma levels of IL6, IL10, lactate dehydrogenase, and c reactive protein. Arbidol treatment showed tendency to improve the discharging rate and decrease the mortality rate. COVID-19 appears to show frequent fever, dry cough, and increase of inflammatory cytokines, and induced a mortality rate of 7.5%. Older patients or those with underlying comorbidities are at higher risk of death."}, {"pmid": 32360325, "pmcid": "PMC7195304", "title": "Healthcare workers' and students' knowledge regarding the transmission, epidemiology and symptoms of COVID-19 in 41 cities of Bolivia and Colombia.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Escalera-Antezana, Juan Pablo", "Cerruto-Zelaya, Pedro Ezequiel", "Apaza-Huasco, Mijael", "Miranda-Rojas, Sarah Herminia", "Flores-Cardenas, Carlos Alfredo", "Rivera-Zabala, Luisa", "Olmos-Machicado, Julia Rosa", "Alvarez-Amaya, Valeria", "Acevedo-Lopez, Domenica", "Valencia-Gallego, Valentina", "Lopez-Echeverri, Camila", "Vallejo-Atehortua, Eliana", "Gonzalez-Patino, Valentina", "Vasquez-Castaneda, Danna L", "Garcia-Zuluaga, Luisa M", "Cortes-Bonilla, Isabella", "Lopez-Bueno, Isaac", "Villamil-Gomez, Wilmer E", "Otero-Florez, Jose Maria", "Toscano-Lobo, Carlos Enrique", "Gonzalez, Gloria Maria", "Diaz-Guio, Diego Andres", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360325", "countries": ["Colombia", "Bolivia, Plurinational State of"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523686, "pmcid": "PMC7235682", "title": "Understanding the current status of patients with pulmonary hypertension during COVID-19 outbreak: a small-scale national survey from China.", "journal": "Pulm Circ", "authors": ["Zhou, Hongmei", "Zhang, Gangcheng", "Deng, Xiaoxian", "Jin, Bowen", "Qiu, Qiu", "Yan, Menghuan", "Wang, Xi", "Zheng, Xuan"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523686", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pulmonary hypertension is a chronic disease developing progressively with high mortality. Pulmonary hypertension patients need persistent medical care; however, limited reports focused on them when there was an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. This national survey was aimed to evaluate the overall condition of pulmonary hypertension patients during this period. A questionnaire regarding the living condition of pulmonary hypertension patients during coronavirus disease 2019 was designed by pulmonary hypertension diagnostic experts in Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital. Pulmonary hypertension patients and their family members were invited to participate in this survey online. One-hundred twenty pulmonary hypertension patients and 23 family members participated in the survey; 64.8% (n\u2009=\u200987) participants came from Hubei, and others were from 15 other provinces; 98.6% (n\u2009=\u2009141) participants were in home quarantine; 65.8% (n\u2009=\u200979) were pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease; and 76.7% (n\u2009=\u200992) patients proclaimed their heart function was well maintained at class I or II. One (0.8%) patient was confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Two (1.7%) patients were hospitalized due to heart function worsening. Nearly 70% (n\u2009=\u2009100) participants implied shortage in medications during coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. A total of 24.2% (n\u2009=\u200929) patients indicated that medications were discontinued due to the insufficient supply. Most of the participants stayed optimistic on either coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak or their pulmonary hypertension disease, and 61.7% (n\u2009=\u200974) patients would go to the hospital for follow-up immediately after outbreak. These preliminary data show pulmonary hypertension patients are able to avoid severe disease when they are in home quarantine. Medication supplement is important for pulmonary hypertension patients when their heart function is well maintained. In addition, there might be increasing requirements of medical care for pulmonary hypertension patients after the outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32522752, "title": "Prison and opportunities for the management of COVID-19.", "journal": "BJGP Open", "authors": ["Crowley, Des", "Cullen, Walter", "O'Donnell, Patrick", "Van Hout, Marie Claire"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522752", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489724, "pmcid": "PMC7255547", "title": "Basal Ganglia Involvement and Altered Mental Status: A Unique Neurological Manifestation of Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Haddadi, Kaveh", "Ghasemian, Roya", "Shafizad, Misagh"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489724", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Like other respiratory viruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may enter the central nervous system (CNS) via the hematogenous or neuronal path. However, neurological complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have not been reported frequently. Encephalopathy has been described as a presenting symptom or complication of COVID-19 in some reports. We report a case of a 54-year-old patient who presented with unique clinical characteristics and imaging with brain basal ganglia involvement likely due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. In our experience, the incidence of spontaneous bilateral basal ganglia hemorrhage is rare. Further study will be needed to investigate this finding of the CNS and altered mental status in patients with this new type of coronavirus infection. Based on the case presented and other cases, understanding the pathways of virus neuroinvasion is necessary to help recognize possible pathologically related consequences of infection and to evaluate new diagnostic and management approaches that will help improve SARS-CoV-2 infection treatment and control."}, {"pmid": 32514226, "pmcid": "PMC7267172", "title": "State of \"Emergency\" for health but State of \"Exception\" for people: Guinea-Bissau's paradox in the battle against Covid-19.", "journal": "City Soc (Wash)", "authors": ["de Barros, Miguel", "Casimiro, Anaxore", "Cassama, Aliu Soares", "Mane, Cadija", "Jau, Fatumata", "Jorge Semedo, Rui"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514226", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303496, "title": "What's happening in covid-19 ICUs? An intensive care doctor answers some common questions.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi", "Wilkinson, Emma"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303496", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293753, "pmcid": "PMC7262275", "title": "The impact of COPD and smoking history on the severity of COVID-19: A systemic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhao, Qianwen", "Meng, Meng", "Kumar, Rahul", "Wu, Yinlian", "Huang, Jiaofeng", "Lian, Ningfang", "Deng, Yunlei", "Lin, Su"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293753", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Comorbidities are associated with the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This meta-analysis aimed to explore the risk of severe COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and ongoing smoking history. A comprehensive systematic literature search was carried out to find studies published from December 2019 to 22 March 2020 from five databases. The languages of literature included English and Chinese. The point prevalence of severe COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing COPD and those with ongoing smoking was evaluated with this meta-analysis. Overall 11 case series, published either in Chinese or English language with a total of 2002 cases, were included in this study. The pooled OR of COPD and the development of severe COVID-19 was 4.38 (fixed-effects model; 95% CI: 2.34-8.20), while the OR of ongoing smoking was 1.98 (fixed-effects model; 95% CI: 1.29-3.05). There was no publication bias as examined by the funnel plot and Egger's test (P\u2009=\u2009not significant). The heterogeneity of included studies was moderate for both COPD and ongoing smoking history on the severity of COVID-19. COPD and ongoing smoking history attribute to the worse progression and outcome of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32285026, "pmcid": "PMC7138359", "title": "Sars-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Outbreak and Breast Cancer Surgery in Turkey.", "journal": "Eur J Breast Health", "authors": ["Cakmak, Guldeniz Karadeniz", "Ozmen, Vahit"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285026", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409436, "title": "Patients with interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis are at high risk for severe illness related to COVID-19.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Southern, Brian"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409436", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Analyses of COVID-19 patients with preexisting interstitial lung disease (ILD) or pulmonary sarcoidosis is lacking but registries are ongoing. Treatment of COVID-19 for patients with underlying ILD or sarcoidosis may include hospital admission, possible drug treatment, caution with steroids, and avoidance of mechanical ventilation in acute exacerbation of ILD. Patients with COVID-19 respiratory illness are at risk for developing ILD."}, {"pmid": 32198984, "title": "Academician Cong Bin: Autopsy of SARS-CoV-2 infection is needed to be strengthened.", "journal": "Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Cong, B"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198984", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278795, "pmcid": "PMC7194997", "title": "Creating dermatology guidelines for COVID-19: The pitfalls of applying evidence-based medicine to an emerging infectious disease.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Freeman, Esther E", "McMahon, Devon E"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278795", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314010, "pmcid": "PMC7167494", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) complicated with pneumonia in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis receiving conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.", "journal": "Rheumatol Int", "authors": ["Song, Jehun", "Kang, Seongmin", "Choi, Seung Won", "Seo, Kwang Won", "Lee, Sunggun", "So, Min Wook", "Lim, Doo-Ho"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314010", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, numerous coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases were reported in Wuhan, China, which has since spread throughout the world. However, its impact on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients is unknown. Herein, we report a case of COVID-19 pneumonia in a 61-year-old female RA patient who was receiving conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (cDMARDs). The patient presented with a 4-day history of myalgia and febrile sensation. COVID-19 was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Chest X-ray showed increased opacity on the right lower lung area, and C-reactive protein level was slightly elevated. The patient was treated with antiviral agents (lopinavir/ritonavir), and treatment with cDMARDs was discontinued except hydroxychloroquine. Her symptoms and laboratory results gradually improved. Three weeks later, real-time PCR for COVID-19 showed negative conversion, and the patient was discharged without any complications."}, {"pmid": 32363350, "pmcid": "PMC7195909", "title": "Psychologist Self-Care During the Pandemic: Now More Than Ever.", "journal": "J Health Serv Psychol", "authors": ["Norcross, John C", "Phillips, Colleen M"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363350", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 crisis has transformed the lives and practices of psychologists and has highlighted the need for time-efficient self-care. The anxiety among psychologists (and humans) is practically universal-nearly every psychologist worldwide is experiencing some negative impact on their mental health. We offer nine research-supported, practitioner-friendly methods of self-care to manage anxiety and maintain optimal performance during these extraordinary times."}, {"pmid": 32525070, "title": "Letter to the Editor.", "journal": "J Card Fail", "authors": ["Roy, Justin"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525070", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518471, "pmcid": "PMC7254020", "title": "Prediction of CoVid-19 infection, transmission and recovery rates: A new analysis and global societal comparisons.", "journal": "Saf Sci", "authors": ["Duffey, Romney B", "Zio, Enrico"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518471", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We analyze the process of infection rate growth and decline for the recent global pandemic, applying a new method to the available global data. We describe and utilize an original approach based on statistical physics to predict the societal transmission timescale and the universal recovery trajectory resulting from the countermeasures implemented in entire societies. We compare the whole-society infection growth rates for many countries and local regions, to illustrate the common physical and mathematical basis for the viral spread and infection rate reduction, and validate the theory and resulting correlations. We show that methods traditionally considered for the numerical analysis and the control of individual virus transmission (e.g. \u211c0 scaling) represent one special case of the theory, and also compare our results to the available IHME computer model outcomes. We proceed to illustrate several interesting features of the different approaches to the mitigation of the pandemic, related to social isolation and \"lockdown\" tactics. Finally, we use presently available data from many countries to make actual predictions of the time needed for securing minimum infection rates in the future, highlighting the differences that emerge between isolated \"islands\" and mobile cities, and identifying the desired overall recovery trajectory."}, {"pmid": 32500177, "pmcid": "PMC7271833", "title": "Learning from the past: did experience with previous epidemics help mitigate the impact of COVID-19 among spine surgeons worldwide?", "journal": "Eur Spine J", "authors": ["Weiner, Joseph A", "Swiatek, Peter R", "Johnson, Daniel J", "Louie, Philip K", "Harada, Garrett K", "McCarthy, Michael H", "Germscheid, Niccole", "Cheung, Jason P Y", "Neva, Marko H", "El-Sharkawi, Mohammad", "Valacco, Marcelo", "Sciubba, Daniel M", "Chutken, Norman B", "An, Howard S", "Samartzis, Dino"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500177", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Spine surgeons around the world have been universally impacted by COVID-19. The current study addressed whether prior experience with disease epidemics among the spine surgeon community had an impact on preparedness and response toward COVID-19. A 73-item survey was distributed to spine surgeons worldwide via AO Spine. Questions focused on: demographics, COVID-19 preparedness, response, and impact. Respondents with and without prior epidemic experience (e.g., SARS, H1NI, MERS) were assessed on preparedness and response via univariate and multivariate modeling. Results of the survey were compared against the Global Health Security Index. Totally, 902 surgeons from 7 global regions completed the survey. 24.2% of respondents had prior experience with global health crises. Only 49.6% reported adequate access to personal protective equipment. There were no differences in preparedness reported by respondents with prior epidemic exposure. Government and hospital responses were fairly consistent around the world. Prior epidemic experience did not impact the presence of preparedness guidelines. There were subtle differences in sources of stress, coping strategies, performance of elective surgeries, and impact on income driven by prior epidemic exposure. 94.7% expressed a need for formal, international guidelines to help mitigate the impact of the current and future pandemics. This is the first study to note that prior experience with infectious disease crises did not appear to help spine surgeons prepare for the current COVID-19 pandemic. Based on survey results, the GHSI was not an effective measure of COVID-19 preparedness. Formal international guidelines for crisis preparedness are needed to mitigate future pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32427676, "pmcid": "PMC7273954", "title": "Shanghai Zhongshan Experience on Digestive Endoscopic Procedures During 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Liu, Xinyang", "Cai, Mingyan", "Shi, Qiang", "Wang, Ping", "Zhou, Pinghong"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427676", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32239515, "pmcid": "PMC7228240", "title": "Fecal transmission in COVID-19: A potential shedding route.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Nouri-Vaskeh, Masoud", "Alizadeh, Leila"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239515", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247211, "pmcid": "PMC7102587", "title": "Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 with or without diabetes: A systematic search and a narrative review with a special reference to India and other developing countries.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Singh, Awadhesh Kumar", "Singh, Akriti", "Shaikh, Altamash", "Singh, Ritu", "Misra, Anoop"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247211", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No drugs are currently approved for Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), although some have been tried. In view of recent studies and discussion on chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), we aimed to review existing literature and relevant websites regarding these drugs and COVID-19, adverse effects related to drugs, and related guidelines. We systematically searched the PubMed database up till March 21, 2020 and retrieved all the articles published on chloroquine and HCQ and COVID-19. Two small human studies have been conducted with both these drugs in COVID-19, and have shown significant improvement in some parameters in patients with COVID-19. Considering minimal risk upon use, a long experience of use in other diseases, cost-effectiveness and easy availability across India, we propose that both these drugs are worthy of fast track clinical trial for treatment, and may be carefully considered for clinical use as experimental drugs. Since HCQ has been approved for treatment of diabetes in India, it should be further researched in diabetes and COVID-19, a subgroup where significant mortality has been shown."}, {"pmid": 32240718, "pmcid": "PMC7118604", "title": "COVID-19 in Hemodialysis Patients: A Report of 5 Cases.", "journal": "Am J Kidney Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Rui", "Liao, Cong", "He, Hong", "Hu, Chun", "Wei, Zimeng", "Hong, Zixi", "Zhang, Chengjie", "Liao, Meiyan", "Shui, Hua"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240718", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began in China and spread rapidly worldwide. It is unknown whether hemodialysis patients represent a distinct group of patients with certain characteristics that may make them susceptible to infection or severe disease. In this case report, we describe the clinical and epidemiologic features of COVID-19 infection in 201 maintenance hemodialysis patients in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, including 5 maintenance hemodialysis patients who contracted COVID-19 infection. Of the 5 patients with COVID-19 infection, one had a definite history of contact with an infected person. The age range of the patients was 47 to 67 years. Diarrhea (80%), fever (60%), and fatigue (60%) were the most common symptoms. Lymphopenia occurred in all patients. Computed tomography of the chest showed ground glass opacity in the lungs of all patients. Up to February 13, 2020, none of the patients had developed severe complications (acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock, or multiple organ dysfunction) or died."}, {"pmid": 32445829, "pmcid": "PMC7235599", "title": "Impact of Covid-19 lockdown on PM10, SO2 and NO2 concentrations in Sale City (Morocco).", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Otmani, Anas", "Benchrif, Abdelfettah", "Tahri, Mounia", "Bounakhla, Moussa", "Chakir, El Mahjoub", "El Bouch, Mohammed", "Krombi, M'hamed"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445829", "countries": ["Morocco"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 was first reported in Morocco on March 2, 2020. Since then, to prevent its propagation, the Moroccan government declared a state of health emergency. A set of rapid and strict countermeasures have taken, including locking down cities, limiting population's mobility and prohibiting almost all avoidable activities. In the present study, we attempted to evaluate the changes in levels of some air pollutants (mainly PM10, NO2 and SO2) in Sal\u00e9 city (North-Western Morocco) during the lockdown measures. In this context, a continuous measurement of PM10, SO2 and NO2 was carried before and during the Covid-19 lockdown period. As a consequence of the security measures and control actions undertaken, the emissions from vehicle exhaust and industrial production were significantly reduced, which contribute to the decrease in the concentrations of the studied pollutants. The obtained results showed that the difference between the concentrations recorded before and during the lockdown period were respectively 75%, 49% and 96% for PM10, SO2 and NO2. PM10 levels were much less reduced than NO2. The three-dimensional air mass backward trajectories, using the HYSPLIT model, demonstrated the benefits of PM10 local emission reductions related to the lockdown were overwhelmed by the contribution of long-range transported aerosols outside areas. In addition, noteworthy differences in the air mass back trajectories and the meteorology between these two periods were evidenced."}, {"pmid": 32312363, "title": "[Clinical features of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection: an analysis of 115 cases].", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Ma, Yao-Ling", "Xia, Sheng-Ying", "Wang, Min", "Zhang, Si-Min", "DU, Wen-Hui", "Chen, Qiong"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312363", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To study the clinical features of children with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 115 children who were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Wuhan Children's Hospital, including general information, history of close contact with individuals of SARS-CoV-2 infection, early clinical symptoms, laboratory examination results, and lung CT results. Among the 115 children, there were 73 boys (63.5%) and 42 girls (36.5%), with a male/female ratio of 1:0.58. Of the 115 children, 105 (91.3%) had a definite history of close contact with individuals of SARS-CoV-2-infection. An increase in alanine aminotransferase was observed in 11 children (9.6%) and an increase in CK-MB was found in 34 children (29.6%). As for clinical symptoms, 29 children (25.2%) had fever, 47 (40.9%) had respiratory symptoms (including cough, rhinorrhea, and nasal congestion), and 61 (53.0%) were asymptomatic. Lung CT findings showed ground glass opacity, fiber opacities, patchy changes, and pulmonary consolidation in 49 children (42.6%), among whom 2 children had \"white lung\"; 39 children (33.9%) only had lung texture enhancement and 27 children (23.5%) had no pulmonary imaging changes. Among the 115 children, 3 were critically ill, among whom 1 had been cured and the other 2 were under continuous treatment. Most of the children with SARS-CoV-2 infection have a close contact history. Critical cases are rare and there is a high proportion of asymptomatic infection."}, {"pmid": 32336796, "pmcid": "PMC7174810", "title": "[Africa in the wake of the coronavirus].", "journal": "Wirtschaftsdienst", "authors": ["Kappel, Robert"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336796", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32318328, "pmcid": "PMC7169934", "title": "D3Targets-2019-nCoV: a webserver for predicting drug targets and for multi-target and multi-site based virtual screening against COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Pharm Sin B", "authors": ["Shi, Yulong", "Zhang, Xinben", "Mu, Kaijie", "Peng, Cheng", "Zhu, Zhengdan", "Wang, Xiaoyu", "Yang, Yanqing", "Xu, Zhijian", "Zhu, Weiliang"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318328", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A highly effective medicine is urgently required to cure coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). For the purpose, we developed a molecular docking based webserver, namely D3Targets-2019-nCoV, with two functions, one is for predicting drug targets for drugs or active compounds observed from clinic or in vitro/in vivo studies, the other is for identifying lead compounds against potential drug targets via docking. This server has its unique features, (1) the potential target proteins and their different conformations involving in the whole process from virus infection to replication and release were included as many as possible; (2) all the potential ligand-binding sites with volume larger than 200 \u00c53 on a protein structure were identified for docking; (3) correlation information among some conformations or binding sites was annotated; (4) it is easily to be updated, and is accessible freely to public (https://www.d3pharma.com/D3Targets-2019-nCoV/index.php). Currently, the webserver contains 42 proteins [20 severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) encoded proteins and 22 human proteins involved in virus infection, replication and release] with 69 different conformations/structures and 557 potential ligand-binding pockets in total. With 6 examples, we demonstrated that the webserver should be useful to medicinal chemists, pharmacologists and clinicians for efficiently discovering or developing effective drugs against the SARS-CoV-2 to cure COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32498135, "title": "Older age and comorbidity are independent mortality predictors in a large cohort of 1305 COVID-19 patients in Michigan, United States.", "journal": "J Intern Med", "authors": ["Imam, Zaid", "Odish, Fadi", "Gill, Inayat", "O'Connor, Daniel", "Armstrong, Justin", "Vanood, Aimen", "Ibironke, Oluwatoyin", "Hanna, Angy", "Ranski, Alexandra", "Halalau, Alexandra"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498135", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Higher comorbidity and older age have been reported as correlates of poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients worldwide, however US data is scarce. We evaluated mortality predictors of COVID-19 in a large cohort of hospitalized patients in the US. Retrospective, multicenter cohort of inpatients diagnosed with COVID-19 by RT-PCR from March 1-April 1,2020 was performed, and outcome data evaluated from March 1-April 17, 2020. Measures included demographics, comorbidities, clinical presentation, laboratory values, and imaging on admission. Primary outcome was mortality. Secondary outcomes included length of stay, time to death, and development of acute kidney injury in the first 48-hours. 1305 patients were hospitalized during the evaluation period. Mean age was 61.0\u00b116.3, 53.8% were male and 66.1% African-American. Mean BMI was 33.2\u00b18.8 kg/m2. Median Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was 2 (1-4), 72.6% of patients had at least one comorbidity, with hypertension (56.2%) and diabetes mellitus (30.1%) being the most prevalent. ACE-I/ARB use and NSAIDs use were widely prevalent (43.3% and 35.7% respectively). Mortality occurred in 200 (15.3%) of patients with median time of 10 (6-14) days. Age >60 (aOR:1.93,95% CI:1.26-2.94), and CCI>3 (aOR:2.71,95% CI:1.85-3.97) were independently associated with mortality by multivariate analyses. NSAIDs and ACE-I/ARB use had no significant effects on renal failure in the first 48 hours. Advanced age and an increasing number of comorbidities are independent predictors of in-hospital mortality for COVID-19 patients. NSAIDs and ACE-I/ARB use prior to admission is not associated with renal failure or increased mortality."}, {"pmid": 32355982, "pmcid": "PMC7197581", "title": "Letter: Back Pain and Accesses to Emergency Departments During COVID-19 Lockdown in Italy.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Cofano, Fabio", "Tartara, Fulvio", "Zenga, Francesco", "Penner, Federica", "Lanotte, Michele", "Garbossa, Diego"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355982", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516839, "title": "Early experience with convalescent plasma as immunotherapy for COVID-19 in China: Knowns and unknowns.", "journal": "Vox Sang", "authors": ["Chen, Binzhen", "Xia, Rong"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516839", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the absence of a vaccine or specific drug treatment options for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), attention has been shifted in China to the possible therapeutic use of convalescent plasma. COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) is currently under investigation. We summarized clinical studies and other research data available as of May 5, 2020, on CCP therapy according to the Clinical Treatment Guideline of COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma in China, as well as clinical experience at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, as part of a comprehensive anti-epidemic strategy. As of May 5, 2020, when the epidemic was well-controlled in China, healthcare databases and sources of English literature relating to convalescent plasma were searched and reviewed. Sources of clinical and methodological heterogeneity were identified. As of May 5, 2020, up to 2,000 samples of CCP had been collected across China and administered to 700 COVID-19 patients. From donors, 200-400 mL of plasma were collected at each donation, with antibody titers >1:160. We identified three clinical studies for COVID-19 in China. Analyses showed a statistically significant improvement in clinical outcomes compared with untreated cases (P<0.001). No adverse effects were reported. From initial studies, convalescent plasma therapy appears effective and safe for COVID-19. However, there is clearly a need for well-designed RCTs (randomized controlled trials) or other formal studies to further evaluate the efficacy and any potential adverse effects of CCP."}, {"pmid": 32239757, "title": "Converting gas-driven ventilators from oxygen to air.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Ford, P", "Foale, M"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239757", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525384, "title": "The perils of practicum in the time of COVID-19: A graduate student's perspective.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Thompson, Kenneth J"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525384", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has placed competing demands on many graduate students working at practica. Though graduate programs seek to minimize potential sources of exposure to the virus, some practicum sites rely on students as essential staff. At the same time, although some students may wish to eliminate this source of potential exposure to the virus, other students may consider the opportunity to fulfill their practicum duties at a time of crisis an important part of their educational experience. Guidance published by the Association of Psychology Postdoctoral and Internship Centers regarding internship students provides at least a starting point for programs to develop policies that allow students to make informed decisions about their practicum training. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32423532, "pmcid": "PMC7211697", "title": "Giving birth under lockdown during the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod", "authors": ["Viaux, S", "Maurice, P", "Cohen, D", "Jouannic, J M"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423532", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476261, "title": "Tocilizumab therapy in five solid and composite tissue transplant recipients with early ARDS due to SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Morillas, Jose A", "Marco Canosa, Francisco", "Srinivas, Pavithra", "Asadi, Tannaz", "Calabrese, Casandra", "Rajendram, Prabalini", "Budev, Marie", "Poggio, Emilio D", "Narayanan Menon, K V", "Gastman, Brian", "Koval, Christine"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476261", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is emerging data depicting the clinical presentation of COVID-19 in solid organ transplant recipients but negligible data-driven guidance on clinical management. A biphasic course has been described in some infected with SARS-CoV-2, beginning with a flu-like illness followed by an intense inflammatory response characterized by elevated c-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) associated with high mortality. The exuberant and possibly dysregulated immune response has prompted interest in therapeutic agents that target the cytokines involved, particularly IL-6. Tocilizumab is an IL-6 receptor antagonist with a record of use for a variety of rheumatologic conditions and cytokine release syndrome due to CAR T-cell therapy but experience in solid organ and composite tissue transplant recipients (SOT/CTTRs) with SARS-CoV-2-related ARDS has not been previously reported in detail. We present the clinical course of five SOT/CTTRs with SARS-CoV-2-related ARDS that received tocilizumab with favorable short-term outcomes in four. Responses were characterized by reductions in CRP, discontinuation of vasopressors, improved oxygenation and respiratory mechanics, and variable duration of ventilator support. Four bacterial infections occurred within two weeks of tocilizumab administration. We discuss safety concerns and the need for randomized comparative trials to delineate tocilizumab's clinical utility in this population."}, {"pmid": 32313309, "pmcid": "PMC7167396", "title": "Education and the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Prospects (Paris)", "authors": ["Daniel, Sir John"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313309", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is a huge challenge to education systems. This Viewpoint offers guidance to teachers, institutional heads, and officials on addressing the crisis. What preparations should institutions make in the short time available and how do they address students' needs by level and field of study? Reassuring students and parents is a vital element of institutional response. In ramping up capacity to teach remotely, schools and colleges should take advantage of asynchronous learning, which works best in digital formats. As well as the normal classroom subjects, teaching should include varied assignments and work that puts COVID-19 in a global and historical context. When constructing curricula, designing student assessment first helps teachers to focus. Finally, this Viewpoint suggests flexible ways to repair the damage to students' learning trajectories once the pandemic is over and gives a list of resources."}, {"pmid": 32220557, "pmcid": "PMC7102517", "title": "Anesthetic Management of Patients Undergoing Aortic Dissection Repair With Suspected Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["He, Hao", "Zhao, Shuai", "Han, Linlin", "Wang, Qi", "Xia, Haifa", "Huang, Xin", "Yao, Shanglong", "Huang, Jiapeng", "Chen, Xiangdong"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220557", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 is still active in Wuhan, China, and is spreading to the rest of the world. Recently, perioperative anesthetic management in patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus-2 has been reported. However, little has been reported on the anesthetic management of patients undergoing aortic dissection repair in patients with suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection. During the outbreak in Wuhan, the authors' team completed 4 cases of aortic dissection repair successfully in patients with suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection. The purpose of the present report is to summarize current knowledge and experiences on anesthetic management in this patient population and to provide clinical practice guidelines on anesthetic management and infection prevention and control in these critically ill patients."}, {"pmid": 32438340, "title": "Endocrinology in the time of COVID-19: Management of hyper- and hypo- thyroidism.", "journal": "Eur J Endocrinol", "authors": ["Boelaert, Kristien", "Visser, W Edward", "Taylor, Peter Nicholas", "Moran, Carla", "Leger, Juliane", "Persani, Luca"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438340", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This manuscript provides guidance on the management of thyroid dysfunction during the COVID-19 pandemic. Auto-immune thyroid diseases are not linked to increased risks of COVID-19. Uncontrolled thyrotoxicosis may result in more severe complications from SARS-CoV-2 infection, including thyroid storm. The management of patients with a new diagnosis of hyperthyroidism is best undertaken with a block and replace regimen due to limited biochemical testing availability. Antithyroid drug (ATD)-induced neutropenia may favour the progression of COVID-19 and symptoms of infection may be confused with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The withdrawal of ATDs and urgent measurement of neutrophils should be considered in case of flu-like manifestations occurring in the initial months of treatment. Urgent surgery or 131-I may be undertaken in selected cases of uncontrolled thyrotoxicosis. Patients with COVID-19 infection may present with conjunctivitis, which could cause diagnostic difficulties in patients with new or existing Graves' ophthalmopathy. Patients who are on replacement treatment with thyroid hormones should ensure they have sufficient supply of medication. The usual advice to increase dosage of levothyroxine during pregnancy should be adhered to. Many newly presenting and previously diagnosed patients with thyroid dysfunction can be managed through virtual telephone or video clinics supported by a dedicated nurse-led service, depending on available facilities."}, {"pmid": 32398552, "title": "Editorial: Postcards from War Zones-Personal Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Orthop Relat Res", "authors": ["Leopold, Seth S", "Dobbs, Matthew B"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398552", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527141, "title": "Prevalence and Recovery From Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions in Covid-19 Infection: A Prospective Multicenter Study.", "journal": "Am J Rhinol Allergy", "authors": ["Chary, Eleonore", "Carsuzaa, Florent", "Trijolet, Jean-Paul", "Capitaine, Anne-Laure", "Roncato-Saberan, Mariam", "Fouet, Kevin", "Cazenave-Roblot, France", "Catroux, Melanie", "Allix-Beguec, Caroline", "Dufour, Xavier"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527141", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 is defined by an association of multiple symptoms, including frequently reported olfactory and gustatory disorders. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of these neurosensory impairments in patients with Covid-19, and to assess short-term recovery. We performed a multicenter case series study during the Covid-19 epidemic. All patients presenting a RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included, whether hospitalized or treated at home. To analyze the prevalence and features of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions, a phone interview was conducted 5 days after the positive PCR result. The questionnaire was submitted again 10 days later to patients having reported olfactory and gustatory disorders, in order to assess their recovery. 115 patients were included in our study. 81 patients (70%) reported olfactory and gustatory disorders without nasal obstruction or rhinorrhea. These impairments were more frequently reported in the female population, young people, and house-bound patients with mild symptomatic forms. Short-term recovery assessed at Day 15 was complete for 64% of the patients, and incomplete in 33%. Median recovery time was 15 days (4-27 days) after olfactory or gustatory symptom onset. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to Covid-19 are frequently reported and prevalent in mild symptomatic forms of the disease. Recovery in most cases seems rapid and complete."}, {"pmid": 32501438, "pmcid": "PMC7255243", "title": "Guarding a city from the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Digit Health", "authors": ["Xu, Jiuyang", "Shang, Lianhan", "Cao, Bin"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501438", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508034, "title": "Predicted value of coagulation function for prognosis and admission time to negative RT-PCR detection in non-critical COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Clin Transl Med", "authors": ["Meng, Zibo", "Ren, Dianyun", "Liu, Yun", "Lu, Xiaoming", "Xiong, Wei", "Jin, Xin"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508034", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378088, "pmcid": "PMC7202680", "title": "COVID-19 Guideline Modifications as CMS Announces \"Opening Up America Again\": Comments from the Society of Surgical Oncology.", "journal": "Ann Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Howe, James R", "Bartlett, David L", "Tyler, Douglas S", "Wong, Sandra L", "Hunt, Kelly K", "DeMatteo, Ronald P"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378088", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432720, "title": "The 'Black Death' and the physician at the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Rapezzi, Claudio", "Tavazzi, Luigi", "Ferrari, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432720", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32309622, "pmcid": "PMC7093072", "title": "Emerging Therapeutic Strategies for COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Discoveries (Craiova)", "authors": ["Zhu, Shudong", "Guo, Xialing", "Geary, Kyla", "Zhang, Dianzheng"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32309622", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Over 100,000 cases of COVID-19 patients infected with the novel coronavirus SARS-COV-2 have been reported worldwide in approximately 2 months, resulting in over 3000 deaths. Potential therapeutic strategies, including remdesivir, chloroquine phosphate, abidol, lopinavir/ritonavir, plasma, antibody, vaccine and stem cells are discussed in this review. With the number of patients increasing daily, there is an urgent need for effective therapeutic intervention."}, {"pmid": 32330544, "pmcid": "PMC7173829", "title": "Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Mahmud, Ehtisham", "Dauerman, Harold L", "Welt, Frederick Gp", "Messenger, John C", "Rao, Sunil V", "Grines, Cindy", "Mattu, Amal", "Kirtane, Ajay J", "Jauhar, Rajiv", "Meraj, Perwaiz", "Rokos, Ivan C", "Rumsfeld, John S", "Henry, Timothy D"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330544", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The worldwide pandemic caused by the novel acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) has resulted in a new and lethal disease termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although there is an association between cardiovascular disease and COVID-19, the majority of patients who need cardiovascular care for the management of ischemic heart disease may not be infected with COVID-19. The objective of this document is to provide recommendations for a systematic approach for the care of patients with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a recognition of two major challenges in providing recommendations for AMI care in the COVID-19 era. Cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19 are complex with patients presenting with AMI, myocarditis simulating a ST-elevation MI presentation, stress cardiomyopathy, non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, coronary spasm, or nonspecific myocardial injury and the prevalence of COVID-19 disease in the US population remains unknown with risk of asymptomatic spread. This document addresses the care of these patients focusing on 1) the varied clinical presentations; 2) appropriate personal protection equipment (PPE) for health care workers; 3) role of the Emergency Department, Emergency Medical System and the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory; and 4) Regional STEMI systems of care. During the COVID-19 pandemic, primary PCI remains the standard of care for STEMI patients at PCI capable hospitals when it can be provided in a timely fashion, with an expert team outfitted with PPE in a dedicated CCL room. A fibrinolysis-based strategy may be entertained at non-PCI capable referral hospitals or in specific situations where primary PCI cannot be executed or is not deemed the best option."}, {"pmid": 32184132, "pmcid": "PMC7118651", "title": "Spatial transmission of COVID-19 via public and private transportation in China.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zheng, Ruizhi", "Xu, Yu", "Wang, Weiqing", "Ning, Guang", "Bi, Yufang"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32184132", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404721, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Impact on Elective Orthopaedic Surgery: Implications for Post-Pandemic Recovery.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Jain, Amit", "Jain, Punya", "Aggarwal, Shruti"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404721", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of our study was to explore the impact of elective-surgery deferment on the United States health-care system and subsequent recovery after COVID-19 containment. Using an orthopaedic elective surgery model, we aimed to answer the following: (1) What is the expected recovery time until the health-care system is back to nearly full capacity for performing elective surgery? (2) What will be the expected backlog of elective surgery over time? (3) How should health care change to address the backlog? A Monte Carlo stochastic simulation-based analysis was performed to forecast the post-pandemic volume of elective, inpatient total joint arthroplasty and spinal fusion surgical cases. The cumulative backlog was calculated and analyzed. We tested model assumptions with sensitivity analyses. Assuming that elective orthopaedic surgery resumes in June 2020, it will take 7, 12, and 16 months-in optimistic, ambivalent, and pessimistic scenarios, respectively-until the health-care system can perform 90% of the expected pre-pandemic forecasted volume of surgery. In the optimistic scenario, there will be a cumulative backlog of >1 million surgical cases at 2 years after the end of elective-surgery deferment. The deferment of elective surgical cases during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic will have a lasting impact on the United States health-care system. As part of disaster mitigation, it is critical to start planning for recovery now."}, {"pmid": 32498685, "pmcid": "PMC7272233", "title": "The role of pulmonary CT scans for children during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMC Med", "authors": ["Sinha, Ian P", "Kaleem, Musa"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498685", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32322403, "pmcid": "PMC7171524", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak: current scenario of Pakistan.", "journal": "New Microbes New Infect", "authors": ["Waris, A", "Atta, U K", "Ali, M", "Asmat, A", "Baset, A"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322403", "countries": ["China", "Australia", "Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 outbreak was first time experienced in the Wuhan City of China at the end of December 2019. Which spread rapidly in China and then worldwide in 209 countries of America, Europe, Australia and Asia including Pakistan. There are more than fifty thousand mortalities and one million plus people have been affected worldwide, while figure increases rapidly. Different steps have been taken worldwide for the control of COVID-19. Even with less resources Pakistan also taken rigorous measures like designed special hospitals, Laboratories for testing, quarantine facilities, awareness campaign and lock down to control the spread of virus. We highlighted the efforts of government to combat this deadly pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32447949, "title": "Extrapolation of mortality in COVID-19: Exploring the role of age, sex, co-morbidities and health-care related occupation.", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Asfahan, Shahir", "Deokar, Kunal", "Dutt, Naveen", "Niwas, Ram", "Jain, Priyank", "Agarwal, Mehul"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447949", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We used a publicly available data of 44,672 patients reported by China's centre for disease control to study the role of age, sex, co-morbidities and health-care related occupation on COVID-19 mortality. The data is in the form of absolute numbers and proportions. Using the percentages, retrospective synthetic data of 100 survivors and 100 deaths were generated using random number libraries so that proportions of ages, genders, co-morbidities, and occupations were constant as in the original data. Logistic regression of the four predictor factors of age, sex, co-morbidities and occupation revealed that only age and comorbidities significantly affected mortality. Sex and occupation when adjusted for other factors in the equation were not significant predictors of mortality. Age and presence of co-morbidities correlated negatively with survival with co-efficient of -1.23 and -2.33 respectively. Odds ratio (OR) for dying from COVID-19 for every 10-year increase in age was 3.4 compared to the previous band of 10 years. OR for dying of COVID-19 was 10.3 for the presence of any of the co-morbidities. Our findings could help in triaging the patients in the emergency room and emphasize the need to protect the elderly and those with comorbidities from getting exposed."}, {"pmid": 32391282, "pmcid": "PMC7188943", "title": "Results of Multilevel Containment Measures to Better Protect Lung Cancer Patients From COVID-19: The IEO Model.", "journal": "Front Oncol", "authors": ["de Marinis, Filippo", "Attili, Ilaria", "Morganti, Stefania", "Stati, Valeria", "Spitaleri, Gianluca", "Gianoncelli, Letizia", "Del Signore, Ester", "Catania, Chiara", "Rampinelli, Cristiano", "Omodeo Sale, Emanuela", "Spaggiari, Lorenzo", "Mastrilli, Fabrizio", "Passaro, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391282", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), named SARS-CoV-2, was identified at the end of 2019. The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has progressively expanded from China, involving several countries throughout the world, leading to the classification of the disease as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). According to published reports, COVID-19 severity and mortality are higher in elderly patients and those with active comorbidities. In particular, lung cancer patients were reported to be at high risk of pulmonary complications related to SARS-CoV2 infection. Therefore, the management of cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic is a crucial issue, to which national and international oncology organizations have replied with recommendations concerning patients receiving anticancer treatments, delaying follow-up visits and limiting caregiver admission to the hospitals. In this historical moment, medical oncologists are required to consider the possibility to delay active treatment administration based on a case-by-case risk/benefit evaluation. Potential risks associated with COVID-19 infection should be considered, considering tumor histology and natural course, disease setting, clinical conditions, and disease burden, together with the expected benefit, toxicities (e.g., myelosuppression or interstitial lung disease), and response obtained from the planned or ongoing treatment. In this study, we report the results of proactive measures including social media, telemedicine, and telephone triage for screening patients with lung cancer during the COVID-19 outbreak in the European Institute of Oncology (Milan, Italy). Proactive management and containment measures, applied in a structured and daily way, has significantly aided the identification of advance patients with suspected symptoms related to COVID-19, limiting their admission to our cancer center; we have thus been more able to protect other patients from possible contamination and at the same time guarantee to the suspected patients the immediate treatment and evaluation in referral hospitals for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32501376, "pmcid": "PMC7241408", "title": "Analysis of Spatial Spread Relationships of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic in the World using Self Organizing Maps.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Melin, Patricia", "Monica, Julio Cesar", "Sanchez, Daniela", "Castillo, Oscar"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501376", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe in this paper an analysis of the spatial evolution of coronavirus pandemic around the world by using a particular type of unsupervised neural network, which is called self-organizing maps. Based on the clustering abilities of self-organizing maps we are able to spatially group together countries that are similar according to their coronavirus cases, in this way being able to analyze which countries are behaving similarly and thus can benefit by using similar strategies in dealing with the spread of the virus. Publicly available datasets of coronavirus cases around the globe from the last months have been used in the analysis. Interesting conclusions have been obtained, that could be helpful in deciding the best strategies in dealing with this virus. Most of the previous papers dealing with data of the Coronavirus have viewed the problem on temporal aspect, which is also important, but this is mainly concerned with the forecast of the numeric information. However, we believe that the spatial aspect is also important, so in this view the main contribution of this paper is the use of unsupervised self-organizing maps for grouping together similar countries in their fight against the Coronavirus pandemic, and thus proposing that strategies for similar countries could be established accordingly."}, {"pmid": 32450106, "pmcid": "PMC7255193", "title": "Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine: a dose-escalation, open-label, non-randomised, first-in-human trial.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Zhu, Feng-Cai", "Li, Yu-Hua", "Guan, Xu-Hua", "Hou, Li-Hua", "Wang, Wen-Juan", "Li, Jing-Xin", "Wu, Shi-Po", "Wang, Bu-Sen", "Wang, Zhao", "Wang, Lei", "Jia, Si-Yue", "Jiang, Hu-Dachuan", "Wang, Ling", "Jiang, Tao", "Hu, Yi", "Gou, Jin-Bo", "Xu, Sha-Bei", "Xu, Jun-Jie", "Wang, Xue-Wen", "Wang, Wei", "Chen, Wei"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450106", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A vaccine to protect against COVID-19 is urgently needed. We aimed to assess the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus type-5 (Ad5) vectored COVID-19 vaccine expressing the spike glycoprotein of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strain. We did a dose-escalation, single-centre, open-label, non-randomised, phase 1 trial of an Ad5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine in Wuhan, China. Healthy adults aged between 18 and 60 years were sequentially enrolled and allocated to one of three dose groups (5\u2008\u00d7\u20081010, 1\u2008\u00d7\u20081011, and 1\u00b75\u2008\u00d7\u20081011 viral particles) to receive an intramuscular injection of vaccine. The primary outcome was adverse events in the 7 days post-vaccination. Safety was assessed over 28 days post-vaccination. Specific antibodies were measured with ELISA, and the neutralising antibody responses induced by vaccination were detected with SARS-CoV-2 virus neutralisation and pseudovirus neutralisation tests. T-cell responses were assessed by enzyme-linked immunospot and flow-cytometry assays. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04313127. Between March 16 and March 27, 2020, we screened 195 individuals for eligibility. Of them, 108 participants (51% male, 49% female; mean age 36\u00b73 years) were recruited and received the low dose (n=36), middle dose (n=36), or high dose (n=36) of the vaccine. All enrolled participants were included in the analysis. At least one adverse reaction within the first 7 days after the vaccination was reported in 30 (83%) participants in the low dose group, 30 (83%) participants in the middle dose group, and 27 (75%) participants in the high dose group. The most common injection site adverse reaction was pain, which was reported in 58 (54%) vaccine recipients, and the most commonly reported systematic adverse reactions were fever (50 [46%]), fatigue (47 [44%]), headache (42 [39%]), and muscle pain (18 [17%]. Most adverse reactions that were reported in all dose groups were mild or moderate in severity. No serious adverse event was noted within 28 days post-vaccination. ELISA antibodies and neutralising antibodies increased significantly at day 14, and peaked 28 days post-vaccination. Specific T-cell response peaked at day 14 post-vaccination. The Ad5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine is tolerable and immunogenic at 28 days post-vaccination. Humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2 peaked at day 28 post-vaccination in healthy adults, and rapid specific T-cell responses were noted from day 14 post-vaccination. Our findings suggest that the Ad5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine warrants further investigation. National Key R&D Program of China, National Science and Technology Major Project, and CanSino Biologics."}, {"pmid": 32408728, "title": "The Eclipse of Degenerative Spine Pathology During COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Neurospine", "authors": ["Brembilla, Carlo", "Veiceschi, Pierlorenzo", "Fanti, Andrea", "Costi, Emanuele", "Passoni, Maurizio", "Sicignano, Angelo Mirco", "Bernucci, Claudio"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408728", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404257, "pmcid": "PMC7181996", "title": "[Measures to contain gender-based violence during the COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "Gac Sanit", "authors": ["Ruiz-Perez, Isabel", "Pastor-Moreno, Guadalupe"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404257", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Crises, emergencies and times of unrest have been linked to increased interpersonal violence, including violence against women. Following the declaration of alarm status and quarantine, different measures have been implemented to mitigate the possible effect of gender violence (Contingency Plan against Gender-Based Violence in Coronavirus Crisis or Royal Decree Law on Emergency Measures). This document reviews the measures adopted so far by the government of Spain, the autonomous governments and the initiatives formulated in different countries. In the absence of concrete economic measures to date, and the scenario of economic uncertainty, we conclude that it is not possible to prevent gender-based violence in a comprehensive way, without considering the increase in unemployment, temporary and instability employment, economic dependency or the overload of household chores and reproductive tasks, among other elements that facilitate it."}, {"pmid": 32396455, "title": "Elective Tracheostomy During Mechanical Ventilation in Patients Affected by COVID-19: Preliminary Case Series From Lombardy, Italy.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Turri-Zanoni, Mario", "Battaglia, Paolo", "Czaczkes, Camilla", "Pelosi, Paolo", "Castelnuovo, Paolo", "Cabrini, Luca"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396455", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak poses continued struggles due to the unprecedented number of patients admitted to intensive care units and the overwhelming need for mechanical ventilation. We report a preliminary case series of 32 patients with COVID-19 who underwent elective tracheostomies after a mean intubation period of 15 days (range, 9-21 days). The procedure was performed with percutaneous (10 cases) and open (22 cases) surgical techniques. Neither procedure-related complications nor viral transmission to health care workers was observed. Our preliminary experience supports the safety of tracheostomy, provided that appropriate protocols are strictly followed. The postoperative care is still debated, and, prudentially, our protocol includes tracheal tube change not before 2 weeks after tracheostomy, with cuff deflation and decannulation deferred until confirmation of negative SARS-CoV-2 test results. This is the first case series to report on such a rapidly evolving issue and might represent a source of information for clinicians worldwide who will soon be facing the same challenges."}, {"pmid": 32301928, "title": "COVID-19, Cancer, and Financial Toxicity.", "journal": "Oncol Nurs Forum", "authors": ["Lyon, Debra"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301928", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "When I first started this editorial in early March, I was writing from my usual coffee shop location, and the media was starting to focus on COVID-19. The incidence of the virus was increasing across the world, and the word \"pandemic\"-although debated passionately at the time-was beginning to gain traction. All signs pointed to a disruption; however, the scale of that change has exceeded what most of us could have imagined in early March. Now, millions of Americans and people around the world are in self-isolation, quarantine, or lockdown. There have been roughly 1.4 million cases of COVID-19 and more than 83,000 deaths worldwide at the time of this writing (Johns Hopkins University and Medicine, 2020). Like most, with the exception of essential personnel, I am at home wondering what is going to happen next and trying to find any positive outcome to this crisis."}, {"pmid": 32471641, "pmcid": "PMC7185005", "title": "Tubuloreticular inclusions in COVID-19-related collapsing glomerulopathy.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Gaillard, Francois", "Ismael, Sophie", "Sannier, Aurelie", "Tarhini, Hassan", "Volpe, Thomas", "Greze, Clarisse", "Verpont, Marie Christine", "Zouhry, Ilyass", "Rioux, Christophe", "Lescure, Francois-Xavier", "Buob, David", "Daugas, Eric"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471641", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501440, "pmcid": "PMC7255260", "title": "Assessing risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients presenting with symptoms in Shanghai, China: a multicentre, observational cohort study.", "journal": "Lancet Digit Health", "authors": ["Mao, Bei", "Liu, Yang", "Chai, Yan-Hua", "Jin, Xiao-Yan", "Lu, Hai-Wen", "Yang, Jia-Wei", "Gao, Xi-Wen", "Song, Xiao-Lian", "Bao, Hong", "Wang, An", "Gu, Wen-Chao", "Zhao, Lei", "Pan, Jie-Ping", "Li, Fan", "Zhang, Tie-Feng", "Qian, Ye-Chang", "Du, Chun-Ling", "Ding, Wei", "Tu, Chun-Lin", "Chu, De-Jie", "Li, Chun", "Ye, Ling", "Luo, Yong", "Zheng, Cui-Xia", "Yu, Rong-Huan", "Qiu, Zhong-Min", "Cao, Hui-Fang", "Ren, Jia-Wei", "Zhao, Jing-Ya", "Wang, Chang-Hui", "Lu, Hong-Zhou", "Li, Jun", "Hu, Yang", "Liang, Shuo", "Jie, Zhi-Jun", "Qu, Jie-Ming", "Xu, Jin-Fu"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501440", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 has led to international concern. We aimed to establish an effective screening strategy in Shanghai, China, to aid early identification of patients with COVID-19. We did a multicentre, observational cohort study in fever clinics of 25 hospitals in 16 districts of Shanghai. All patients visiting the clinics within the study period were included. A strategy for COVID-19 screening was presented and then suspected cases were monitored and analysed until they were confirmed as cases or excluded. Logistic regression was used to determine the risk factors of COVID-19. We enrolled patients visiting fever clinics from Jan 17 to Feb 16, 2020. Among 53\u2008617 patients visiting fever clinics, 1004 (1\u00b79%) were considered as suspected cases, with 188 (0\u00b74% of all patients, 18\u00b77% of suspected cases) eventually diagnosed as confirmed cases. 154 patients with missing data were excluded from the analysis. Exposure history (odds ratio [OR] 4\u00b716, 95% CI 2\u00b774-6\u00b733; p<0\u00b70001), fatigue (OR 1\u00b756, 1\u00b701-2\u00b741; p=0\u00b7043), white blood cell count less than 4\u2008\u00d7\u2008109 per L (OR 2\u00b744, 1\u00b728-4\u00b764; p=0\u00b70066), lymphocyte count less than 0\u00b78\u2008\u00d7\u2008109 per L (OR 1\u00b782, 1\u00b700-3\u00b731; p=0\u00b7049), ground glass opacity (OR 1\u00b795, 1\u00b732-2\u00b789; p=0\u00b70009), and having both lungs affected (OR 1\u00b754, 1\u00b704-2\u00b728; p=0\u00b7032) were independent risk factors for confirmed COVID-19. The screening strategy was effective for confirming or excluding COVID-19 during the spread of this contagious disease. Relevant independent risk factors identified in this study might be helpful for early recognition of the disease. National Natural Science Foundation of China."}, {"pmid": 32094336, "pmcid": "PMC7039956", "title": "High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa.", "journal": "Int J Oral Sci", "authors": ["Xu, Hao", "Zhong, Liang", "Deng, Jiaxin", "Peng, Jiakuan", "Dan, Hongxia", "Zeng, Xin", "Li, Taiwen", "Chen, Qianming"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32094336", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It has been reported that ACE2 is the main host cell receptor of 2019-nCoV and plays a crucial role in the entry of virus into the cell to cause the final infection. To investigate the potential route of 2019-nCov infection on the mucosa of oral cavity, bulk RNA-seq profiles from two public databases including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Functional Annotation of The Mammalian Genome Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (FANTOM5 CAGE) dataset were collected. RNA-seq profiling data of 13 organ types with para-carcinoma normal tissues from TCGA and 14 organ types with normal tissues from FANTOM5 CAGE were analyzed in order to explore and validate the expression of ACE2 on the mucosa of oral cavity. Further, single-cell transcriptomes from an independent data generated in-house were used to identify and confirm the ACE2-expressing cell composition and proportion in oral cavity. The results demonstrated that the ACE2 expressed on the mucosa of oral cavity. Interestingly, this receptor was highly enriched in epithelial cells of tongue. Preliminarily, those findings have explained the basic mechanism that the oral cavity is a potentially high risk for 2019-nCoV infectious susceptibility and provided a piece of evidence for the future prevention strategy in dental clinical practice as well as daily life."}, {"pmid": 32395572, "pmcid": "PMC7207136", "title": "Dataset of Vietnamese student's learning habits during COVID-19.", "journal": "Data Brief", "authors": ["Trung, Tran", "Hoang, Anh-Duc", "Nguyen, Trung Tien", "Dinh, Viet-Hung", "Nguyen, Yen-Chi", "Pham, Hiep-Hung"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395572", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A dataset was constructed to examine Vietnamese student's learning habits during the time schools were suspended due to the novel coronavirus - SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), in response to a call for interdisciplinary research on the potential effects of the coronavirus pandemic (Elsevier, 2020). The questionnaires were spread over a network of educational communities on Facebook from February 7 to February 28, 2020. Using the snowball sampling method, researchers delivered the survey to teachers and parents to provide formal consent before they forwarded it to their students and children. In order to measure the influence of students' socioeconomic status and occupational aspirations on their learning habits during school closures, the survey included three major groups of questions: (1) Individual demographics, including family socioeconomic status, school type, and occupational aspirations; (2) Student's learning habits, including hours of learning before and during the period of school suspension, with and without other people's support; and (3) Students' perceptions of their self-learning during the school closures. There was a total of 920 clicks on the survey link, but only 460 responses accompanied by consent forms were received. Non-credible answers (e.g., year of birth after 2009, more than 20 hours of learning per day) were eliminated. The final dataset included 420 valid observations."}, {"pmid": 32378503, "pmcid": "PMC7248591", "title": "Lessons Learned From Cases of COVID-19 Infection in South Korea.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Kang, Yun-Jung"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378503", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On December 31, 2019, the Chinese government officially announced that the country had a single pneumonia case with an unknown cause. In the weeks after, South Korea had 24 confirmed cases by February 8, and the number has increased steadily since then. The highly contagious virus known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infected Case No. 31 in Daegu; she was the first patient related to Sincheonji Church. Later, the number of cases involved with Sincheonji skyrocketed. On March 6, 2020, the number of confirmed cases was 6284, with 42 dead. This study, through collecting epidemiological data about various COVID-19 infection cases, discovered that getting together in large groups leads to mass infection, and that paying close attention to personal hygiene by means of wearing masks, sanitary gloves, etc., can prevent the spread of COVID-19. Additional epidemiological data and related studies on COVID-19 infections in South Korea are likely to support or slightly modify this conclusion. However, this study is significant in that it emphasizes the precautionary principle in preventing and managing infectious diseases, and has a suggestion for public health policies, which are currently in high demand."}, {"pmid": 32507572, "title": "Rapid outdoor non-compression intubation (RONCI) of cardiac arrests to mitigate COVID-19 exposure to emergency department staff.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Kinney, Brad", "Slama, Richard"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507572", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced numerous challenges for Health Care Professionals, including exposing Emergency Department (ED) staff to the SARS-CoV-2 virus during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). Recent guidelines from the American Heart Association (AHA) prioritize early intubation with viral filter placement to minimize hospital staff exposure. We propose a novel technique for rapid outdoor non-compression intubation (RONCI) of cardiac arrest patients while en route from the ambulance bay to the resuscitation bay to further decrease the risk of viral aerosolization."}, {"pmid": 32329797, "pmcid": "PMC7182961", "title": "Characteristics of Hospitalized Adults With COVID-19 in an Integrated Health Care System in California.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Myers, Laura C", "Parodi, Stephen M", "Escobar, Gabriel J", "Liu, Vincent X"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329797", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418832, "pmcid": "PMC7194578", "title": "Chinese Association of Anesthesiologists Expert Consensus on the Use of Perioperative Ultrasound in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Wang, E", "Mei, Wei", "Shang, You", "Zhang, Changsheng", "Yang, Lujia", "Ma, Yulong", "Chen, Yan", "Huang, Jiapeng", "Zhu, Tao", "Mi, Weidong"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418832", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is spreading globally. COVID-19 has an effect on the systemic state, cardiopulmonary function and primary disease of patients undergoing surgery. COVID-19's high contagiousness makes anesthesia and intraoperative management more difficult. This expert consensus aims to comprehensively introduce the application of perioperative ultrasound in COVID-19 patients, including pulmonary ultrasound and anesthesia management, ultrasound and airway management, ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia and echocardiography for COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32280061, "pmcid": "PMC7270865", "title": "COVID-19: Is a paradigm change to be expected in health care and transfusion medicine?", "journal": "Transfus Clin Biol", "authors": ["Garraud, O"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32280061", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339723, "pmcid": "PMC7180353", "title": "Estimating instant case fatality rate of COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Mi, Yan-Ni", "Huang, Ting-Ting", "Zhang, Jun-Xia", "Qin, Qi", "Gong, Ya-Xin", "Liu, Si-Yu", "Xue, Hui-Min", "Ning, Chang-Hua", "Cao, Lei", "Cao, Yong-Xiao"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339723", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China has been basically controlled. However, the global epidemic of COVID-19 is worsening. We established a method to estimate the instant case fatality rate (CFR) and cure rate of COVID-19 in China. A total of 82 735 confirmed cases released officially by the Chinese authorities from December 8, 2019 to April 18, 2020 were collected. The estimated diagnosis dates of deaths and cured cases were calculated based on the median cure time or median death time of individual cases. Following this, the instant CFR was calculated according to the number of deaths and cured cases on the same estimated diagnosis date. In China, the instant CFR of COVID-19 was 3.8-14.6% from January 1 to January 17; it then declined gradually and stabilized at 5.7% in April. The average CFR in China was 6.1\u00b12.9%, while the CFR was 1.0\u00b10.4% in China except Hubei Province. The cure rate of COVID-19 was 93.9\u00b12.9% in China, and stabilized at 94.3%, while it was 99.0\u00b10.4% in China except Hubei Province. The instant CFR of COVID-19 in China overall was much higher than that in China except Hubei Province. The CFR of COVID-19 in China was underestimated."}, {"pmid": 32499548, "pmcid": "PMC7271827", "title": "Autoimmune and inflammatory diseases following COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Rev Rheumatol", "authors": ["Galeotti, Caroline", "Bayry, Jagadeesh"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499548", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474040, "pmcid": "PMC7255704", "title": "The potential impact of vulnerability and coping capacity on the pandemic control of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Wong, Martin Cs", "Teoh, Jeremy Yc", "Huang, Junjie", "Wong, Sunny H"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474040", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312362, "title": "[Recommendations on the identification and transfer of children with critical diabetes during the COVID-19 outbreak].", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312362", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the most serious public health problem in China. Children with diabetes are also among the population susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Traffic problems caused by epidemic prevention and control increase the difficulty in the management of children with severe diabetes. In order to control the spread of epidemic, children with mild diabetes are advised to be managed at home and in the community. However, how to treat children with severe diabetes effectively and safely during the outbreak of COVID-19 brings great challenges to primary doctors. The Subspecialty Group of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Society of Pediatrics, Chinese Medical Association and the Subspecialty Group of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Society of Pediatrics, Chinese Medical Doctor Association have developed the recommendations on the identification and transfer of children with critical diabetes during the COVID-19 outbreak, which provide a reference for primary doctors to quickly assess the severity of patient's condition and treat the illness accordingly, thus reducing the risk of referral infection and improving clinical prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32341143, "title": "Comparison of Four Molecular In Vitro Diagnostic Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Nasopharyngeal Specimens.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Zhen, Wei", "Manji, Ryhana", "Smith, Elizabeth", "Berry, Gregory J"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341143", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the novel human coronavirus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was first discovered in December 2019 as the cause of an outbreak of pneumonia in the city of Wuhan, Hubei province, China. The clinical presentation of COVID-19 is fairly non-specific, and symptoms overlap with other seasonal respiratory infections concurrently circulating in the population. Furthermore, it is estimated that up to 80% of infected individuals experience mild symptoms or are asymptomatic, confounding efforts to reliably diagnose COVID-19 empirically. To support infection control measures, there is an urgent need for rapid and accurate molecular diagnostics to identify COVID-19 positive patients. In the present study, we have evaluated the analytical sensitivity and clinical performance of four SARS-CoV-2 molecular diagnostic assays granted Emergency Use Authorization by the FDA using nasopharyngeal swabs from symptomatic patients: the New York SARS-CoV-2 Real-time Reverse Transcriptase (RT)-PCR Diagnostic Panel (Modified CDC), the Simplexa COVID-19 Direct (Diasorin Molecular), GenMark ePlex SARS-CoV-2 assay (GenMark) and the Hologic Panther Fusion\u00ae SARS-CoV-2 assay (Hologic). This information is crucial for both laboratories and clinical teams, as decisions on which testing platform to implement are made."}, {"pmid": 32414642, "pmcid": "PMC7205631", "title": "Emergency tracheostomy during COVID 19 pandemic in a head and neck surgical oncology unit.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["George, Ciju K", "Varghese, Bipin T", "Divya, G M", "Janardhan, Deepak", "Thomas, Shaji"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414642", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531399, "title": "The use of exoskeletons to help with prone positioning in the intensive care unit during COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Settembre, Nicla", "Maurice, Pauline", "Paysant, Jean", "Theurel, Jean", "Claudon, Laurent", "Hani, Hind", "Chenuel, Bruno", "Ivaldi, Serena"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531399", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371472, "pmcid": "PMC7205519", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and ORF3a: Nonsynonymous Mutations, Functional Domains, and Viral Pathogenesis.", "journal": "mSystems", "authors": ["Issa, Elio", "Merhi, Georgi", "Panossian, Balig", "Salloum, Tamara", "Tokajian, Sima"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371472", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The effect of the rapid accumulation of nonsynonymous mutations on the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is not yet known. The 3a protein is unique to SARS-CoV and is essential for disease pathogenesis. Our study aimed at determining the nonsynonymous mutations in the 3a protein in SARS-CoV-2 and determining and characterizing the protein's structure and spatial orientation in comparison to those of 3a in SARS-CoV. A total of 51 different nonsynonymous amino acid substitutions were detected in the 3a proteins among 2,782 SARS-CoV-2 strains. We observed microclonality within the ORF3a gene tree defined by nonsynonymous mutations separating the isolates into distinct subpopulations. We detected and identified six functional domains (I to VI) in the SARS-CoV-2 3a protein. The functional domains were linked to virulence, infectivity, ion channel formation, and virus release. Our study showed the importance of conserved functional domains across the species barrier and revealed the possible role of the 3a protein in the viral life cycle. Observations reported in this study merit experimental confirmation.IMPORTANCE At the surge of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we detected and identified six functional domains (I to VI) in the SARS-CoV-2 3a protein. Our analysis showed that the functional domains were linked to virulence, infectivity, ion channel formation, and virus release in SARS-CoV-2 3a. Our study also revealed the functional importance of conserved domains across the species barrier. Observations reported in this study merit experimental confirmation."}, {"pmid": 32248083, "pmcid": "PMC7102612", "title": "Doctors and healthcare workers at frontline of COVID 19 epidemic: Admiration, a pat on the back, and need for extreme caution.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Misra, Anoop"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32248083", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483768, "title": "Returning to Play after Prolonged Training Restrictions in Professional Collision Sports.", "journal": "Int J Sports Med", "authors": ["Stokes, Keith A", "Jones, Ben", "Bennett, Mark", "Close, Graeme L", "Gill, Nicholas", "Hull, James H", "Kasper, Andreas M", "Kemp, Simon P T", "Mellalieu, Stephen D", "Peirce, Nicholas", "Stewart, Bob", "Wall, Benjamin T", "West, Stephen W", "Cross, Matthew"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483768", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 has resulted in widespread training disruption in many sports. Some athletes have access to facilities and equipment, while others have limited or no access, severely limiting their training practices. A primary concern is that the maintenance of key physical qualities (e.\u2009g. strength, power, high-speed running ability, acceleration, deceleration and change of direction), game-specific contact skills (e.\u2009g. tackling) and decision-making ability, are challenged, impacting performance and injury risk on resumption of training and competition. In extended periods of reduced training, without targeted intervention, changes in body composition and function can be profound. However, there are strategies that can dramatically mitigate potential losses, including resistance training to failure with lighter loads, plyometric training, exposure to high-speed running to ensure appropriate hamstring conditioning, and nutritional intervention. Athletes may require psychological support given the challenges associated with isolation and a change in regular training routine. While training restrictions may result in a decrease in some physical and psychological qualities, athletes can return in a positive state following an enforced period of rest and recovery. On return to training, the focus should be on progression of all aspects of training, taking into account the status of individual athletes."}, {"pmid": 32490886, "title": "Is there a rationale for heparin use among severe COVID-19 patients?", "journal": "Einstein (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Savioli, Felicio"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490886", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313969, "pmcid": "PMC7169638", "title": "Personal reflections of an emergency general surgeon on the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg", "authors": ["Faccincani, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313969", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32167180, "pmcid": "PMC7228400", "title": "The establishment of reference sequence for SARS-CoV-2 and variation analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wang, Changtai", "Liu, Zhongping", "Chen, Zixiang", "Huang, Xin", "Xu, Mengyuan", "He, Tengfei", "Zhang, Zhenhua"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167180", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Starting around December 2019, an epidemic of pneumonia, which was named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization, broke out in Wuhan, China, and is spreading throughout the world. A new coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by the Coronavirus Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses was soon found to be the cause. At present, the sensitivity of clinical nucleic acid detection is limited, and it is still unclear whether it is related to genetic variation. In this study, we retrieved 95 full-length genomic sequences of SARAS-CoV-2 strains from the National Center for Biotechnology Information and GISAID databases, established the reference sequence by conducting multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses, and analyzed sequence variations along the SARS-CoV-2 genome. The homology among all viral strains was generally high, among them, 99.99% (99.91%-100%) at the nucleotide level and 99.99% (99.79%-100%) at the amino acid level. Although overall variation in open-reading frame (ORF) regions is low, 13 variation sites in 1a, 1b, S, 3a, M, 8, and N regions were identified, among which positions nt28144 in ORF 8 and nt8782 in ORF 1a showed mutation rate of 30.53% (29/95) and 29.47% (28/95), respectively. These findings suggested that there may be selective mutations in SARS-COV-2, and it is necessary to avoid certain regions when designing primers and probes. Establishment of the reference sequence for SARS-CoV-2 could benefit not only biological study of this virus but also diagnosis, clinical monitoring and intervention of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the future."}, {"pmid": 32393088, "title": "Response to Wang et al., Virtual Reality as a Bridge in Palliative Care during COVID-19 (DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2020.0212).", "journal": "J Palliat Med", "authors": ["Niki, Kazuyuki", "Okamoto, Yoshiaki", "Ueda, Mikiko"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393088", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32284276, "pmcid": "PMC7104051", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic: implications for the cytology laboratory.", "journal": "J Am Soc Cytopathol", "authors": ["Pambuccian, Stefan E"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284276", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The infection has predominantly respiratory transmission and is transmitted through large droplets or aerosols, and less commonly by contact with infected surfaces or fomites. The alarming spread of the infection and the severe clinical disease that it may cause have led to the widespread institution of social distancing measures. Because of repeated exposure to potentially infectious patients and specimens, health care and laboratory personnel are particularly susceptible to contract COVID-19. This review paper provides an assessment of the current state of knowledge about the disease and its pathology, and the potential presence of the virus in cytology specimens. It also discusses the measures that cytology laboratories can take to function during the pandemic, and minimize the risk to their personnel, trainees, and pathologists. In addition, it explores potential means to continue to educate trainees during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32478559, "title": "Psychotherapists' vicarious traumatization during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Aafjes-van Doorn, Katie", "Bekes, Vera", "Prout, Tracy A", "Hoffman, Leon"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478559", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19, psychotherapists are often exposed to traumatic material in their sessions, potentially leading to vicarious traumatization. We surveyed 339 therapists about their professional practices and experiences during the pandemic. Results showed that on average therapists experienced moderate levels of vicarious trauma, whereas about 15% experienced high levels of vicarious trauma. A higher level of vicarious trauma was associated with younger age, less clinical experience, and negative online treatment experiences. The results imply a need for personal and professional support for therapists working remotely amid a global health crisis. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32259124, "pmcid": "PMC7114923", "title": "Daily Situation Report on Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Iran; March 22, 2020.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259124", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To forecast the COVID-19 epidemic trend in Iran, a set of dynamic models were created. In these models, the effect of climate and community behavior change on the reproductive number is modeled. A baseline scenario is also defined as letting the epidemic grow naturally, with no prevention/control interventions. Different levels of intervention are also defined based on the extent of population isolation. Outcomes of each scenario on the number of infected cases are computed. Modeling results shows that if effective isolation occurs in 10% of the population, 307,000 individuals will be infected with COVID-19 in Iran by May 20, 2020. For an isolation rate of 25%, started since March 10, 2020, cumulative number of deaths will be 13,450 individuals by May 20, 2020. If preventive efforts can reach a 32% effective isolation rate, a considerable decrease in the number of new cases would be expected during April and May, and the total number of deaths would decrease to 8,630. If the isolation rate increases to 40%, the total number of infected individuals is expected to be 6,030 individuals. It should be acknowledged that this model predicts the number of deaths of all COVID-19 cases, including those who will not be confirmed as COVID-19, because of non-testing or death prior to COVID-19 identification. This serious health issue requires both long-term and short-term planning and arrangements. Social distancing, and identification and isolation of suspected and confirmed cases are believed to be the most important and effective control measure, and should be strengthened soon. For further details on the methodology and results of these models, please visit: http://corona.behdasht.gov.ir/files/site1/files/Covid_Modeling_V14_26.12.98.pdf."}, {"pmid": 32317275, "pmcid": "PMC7234273", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with spontaneous pneumothorax.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Rohailla, Sagar", "Ahmed, Najma", "Gough, Kevin"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317275", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336585, "pmcid": "PMC7162741", "title": "Protecting our healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Ehrlich, Haley", "McKenney, Mark", "Elkbuli, Adel"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336585", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407052, "title": "Experience of a second-level Rheumatology Clinic during the Covid-19 quarantine.", "journal": "Minerva Med", "authors": ["Colaci, Michele", "Aprile, Maria L", "Sambataro, Domenico", "Sambataro, Gianluca", "Malatino, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407052", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287051, "pmcid": "PMC7258765", "title": "Coinfection of Influenza Virus and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2).", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Wu, Di", "Lu, Jianyun", "Ma, Xiaowei", "Liu, Qun", "Wang, Dedong", "Gu, Yuzhou", "Li, Yongguang", "He, Weiyun"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287051", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32170898, "pmcid": "PMC7228406", "title": "COVID-19 and rationally layered social distancing.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Stein, Richard A"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32170898", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31994738, "pmcid": "PMC7166400", "title": "The 2019-new coronavirus epidemic: Evidence for virus evolution.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Benvenuto, Domenico", "Giovanetti, Marta", "Ciccozzi, Alessandra", "Spoto, Silvia", "Angeletti, Silvia", "Ciccozzi, Massimo"], "date": "2020-01-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31994738", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is a worldwide concern about the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV as a global public health threat. In this article, we provide a preliminary evolutionary and molecular epidemiological analysis of this new virus. A phylogenetic tree has been built using the 15 available whole genome sequences of 2019-nCoV, 12 whole genome sequences of 2019-nCoV, and 12 highly similar whole genome sequences available in gene bank (five from the severe acute respiratory syndrome, two from Middle East respiratory syndrome, and five from bat SARS-like coronavirus). Fast unconstrained Bayesian approximation analysis shows that the nucleocapsid and the spike glycoprotein have some sites under positive pressure, whereas homology modeling revealed some molecular and structural differences between the viruses. The phylogenetic tree showed that 2019-nCoV significantly clustered with bat SARS-like coronavirus sequence isolated in 2015, whereas structural analysis revealed mutation in Spike Glycoprotein and nucleocapsid protein. From these results, the new 2019-nCoV is distinct from SARS virus, probably trasmitted from bats after mutation conferring ability to infect humans."}, {"pmid": 32291906, "pmcid": "PMC7262143", "title": "Response to 'Pulmonary thrombosis in 2019-nCoV pneumonia?'", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Tang, Ning"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291906", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395424, "pmcid": "PMC7212973", "title": "Pulmonary embolism in COVID-19: ventilation and perfusion computer tomography.", "journal": "IDCases", "authors": ["Ierardi, Anna Maria", "Angileri, Salvatore Alessio", "Arrichiello, Antonio", "Di Meglio, Letizia", "Gurgitano, Martina", "Roda, Giovanni Maria", "Carrafiello, Gianpaolo"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395424", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is an illustrated case about CT ventilation and perfusion in Covid patient."}, {"pmid": 32475873, "title": "Epidemic characteristics of COVID-19 in four Chinese cities.", "journal": "Jpn J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hu, Jianguo", "Rao, Shenhong", "Hu, Xiaojing"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475873", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, there was an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. The number of patients in China has risen to 31,000. We collected patient data from four Chinese cities (Hefei, Hangzhou, Wenzhou, Shenzhen) and described epidemiologic characteristics. As of 6 February 2020, we extracted data from 950 patients from the four cities. There were 477 (50.21%) males and 473 (49.79%) females of age (mean \u00b1 SD) 45.64 \u00b1 15.59 years. Before contracting COVID-19, 299 patients had contact with Wuhan residents or contact with patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (31.47%). Also, 138 patients had SARS-CoV-2 infection of unknown source (14.53%). COVID-19 patients in the four cities were mainly from Wuhan originally, and had spread infection locally. Therefore, the initial stage of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in cities outside Wuhan were mainly input. Cutting off input and controlling community communication would reduce local incidence."}, {"pmid": 32425487, "pmcid": "PMC7229967", "title": "[Caring For The Caregiver: The Emotional Impact Of The Coronavirus Epidemic On Nurses And Other Health Professionals].", "journal": "Enferm Clin", "authors": ["Ferran, Mercedes Bueno", "Trigo, Sergio Barrientos"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425487", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The health crisis caused by the Covid-19 virus pandemic has once again highlighted the role of health professionals as a key element for their containment, who suffer from high tension marked by healthcare pressure and the lack of means of protection. Given this tension, it is relevant to analyze the emotional impact on health professionals of the coronavirus pandemic and the coping resources to reduce or mitigate this impact. Stress, sleep disorders and depressive symptoms stand out. Some strategies are recommended that have been used by professionals who have previously been under pressure from COVID-19 and have been helpful to them. Finally, some recommendations whose efficacy is known for managing emotional impact are pointed out."}, {"pmid": 32359966, "title": "Letter to the Editor: Contact lens practice in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Cont Lens Anterior Eye", "authors": ["Wang, Hongxia", "Kong, Wenjun", "Zhang, Wei", "Fan, Qian"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359966", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32129518, "pmcid": "PMC7228359", "title": "Angiotensin receptor blockers as tentative SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics.", "journal": "Drug Dev Res", "authors": ["Gurwitz, David"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32129518", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the time of writing this commentary (February 2020), the coronavirus COVID-19 epidemic has already resulted in more fatalities compared with the SARS and MERS coronavirus epidemics combined. Therapeutics that may assist to contain its rapid spread and reduce its high mortality rates are urgently needed. Developing vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 virus may take many months. Moreover, vaccines based on viral-encoded peptides may not be effective against future coronavirus epidemics, as virus mutations could make them futile. Indeed, new Influenza virus strains emerge every year, requiring new immunizations. A tentative suggestion based on existing therapeutics, which would likely be resistant to new coronavirus mutations, is to use available angiotensin receptor 1 (AT1R) blockers, such as losartan, as therapeutics for reducing the aggressiveness and mortality from SARS-CoV-2 virus infections. This idea is based on observations that the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) very likely serves as the binding site for SARS-CoV-2, the strain implicated in the current COVID-19 epidemic, similarly to strain SARS-CoV implicated in the 2002-2003 SARS epidemic. This commentary elaborates on the idea of considering AT1R blockers as tentative treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infections, and proposes a research direction based on datamining of clinical patient records for assessing its feasibility."}, {"pmid": 32421178, "title": "COVID-19 and the Need for a National Health Information Technology Infrastructure.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Sittig, Dean F", "Singh, Hardeep"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421178", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441750, "title": "Angioedema in COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Cohen, Aaron J", "DiFrancesco, Matthew F", "Solomon, Scott D", "Vaduganathan, Muthiah"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441750", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32027631, "pmcid": "PMC7004396", "title": "Initial Public Health Response and Interim Clinical Guidance for the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak - United States, December 31, 2019-February 4, 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Patel, Anita", "Jernigan, Daniel B"], "date": "2020-02-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32027631", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On December 31, 2019, Chinese health officials reported a cluster of cases of acute respiratory illness in persons associated with the Hunan seafood and animal market in the city of Wuhan, Hubei Province, in central China. On January 7, 2020, Chinese health officials confirmed that a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was associated with this initial cluster (1). As of February 4, 2020, a total of 20,471 confirmed cases, including 2,788 (13.6%) with severe illness,* and 425 deaths (2.1%) had been reported by the National Health Commission of China (2). Cases have also been reported in 26 locations outside of mainland China, including documentation of some person-to-person transmission and one death (2). As of February 4, 11 cases had been reported in the United States. On January 30, the World Health Organization (WHO) Director-General declared that the 2019-nCoV outbreak constitutes a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.\u2020 On January 31, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Secretary declared a U.S. public health emergency to respond to 2019-nCoV.\u00a7 Also on January 31, the president of the United States signed a \"Proclamation on Suspension of Entry as Immigrants and Nonimmigrants of Persons who Pose a Risk of Transmitting 2019 Novel Coronavirus,\" which limits entry into the United States of persons who traveled to mainland China to U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents and their families (3). CDC, multiple other federal agencies, state and local health departments, and other partners are implementing aggressive measures to slow transmission of 2019-nCoV in the United States (4,5). These measures require the identification of cases and their contacts in the United States and the appropriate assessment and care of travelers arriving from mainland China to the United States. These measures are being implemented in anticipation of additional 2019-nCoV cases in the United States. Although these measures might not prevent the eventual establishment of ongoing, widespread transmission of the virus in the United States, they are being implemented to 1) slow the spread of illness; 2) provide time to better prepare health care systems and the general public to be ready if widespread transmission with substantial associated illness occurs; and 3) better characterize 2019-nCoV infection to guide public health recommendations and the development of medical countermeasures including diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. Public health authorities are monitoring the situation closely. As more is learned about this novel virus and this outbreak, CDC will rapidly incorporate new knowledge into guidance for action by CDC and state and local health departments."}, {"pmid": 32343682, "title": "Strengths and limitations of mathematical models in pandemicsthe case of COVID-19 in Chile.", "journal": "Medwave", "authors": ["Rojas-Vallejos, Jorge"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343682", "countries": ["Chile"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This short paper focuses on the role of mathematical models to analyze the impact of pandemics on health resources and the different trade-offs that may be included in them. There is a large body of literature suggesting that mathematical modeling may be helpful to estimate how much additional equipment and infrastructure are necessary to mitigate an increase in demand for health services during a large-scale outbreak of an infectious disease. I comment on the crucial role of these models with a special focus on their strengths and limitations."}, {"pmid": 32375487, "pmcid": "PMC7231902", "title": "Covid-19: implications for prehospital, emergency and hospital care in patients with acute coronary syndromes.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care", "authors": ["Huber, Kurt", "Goldstein, Patrick"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375487", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hospitals play a critical role in providing communities with essential medical care during all types of disaster. Depending on their scope and nature, disasters can lead to a rapidly increasing service demand that can overwhelm the functional capacity and safety of hospitals and the healthcare system at large. Planning during the community outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is critical for maintaining healthcare services during our response. This paper describes, besides general measures in times of a pandemic, also the necessary changes in the invasive diagnosis and treatment of patients presenting with different entities of acute coronary syndromes including structural adaptations (networks, spokes and hub centres) and therapeutic adjustments."}, {"pmid": 32433295, "pmcid": "PMC7268862", "title": "COVID-19 and Elective Surgery: 7 Practical Tips for a Safe, Successful and Sustainable Reboot.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Liang, Zhen Chang", "Chong, Mark Seng Ye", "Liu, Gabriel Ka Po", "Valle, Alejandro Gonzalez Della", "Wang, Dahui", "Lyu, Xuemin", "Chang, Chih-Hung", "Cho, Tae-Joon", "Haas, Steven B", "Fisher, Dale", "Murphy, Diarmuid", "Hui, James Hoi Po"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433295", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362041, "pmcid": "PMC7267312", "title": "Estimated effect of COVID-19 lockdown on melanoma thickness and prognosis: a rate of growth model.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Tejera-Vaquerizo, A", "Nagore, E"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362041", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32203711, "pmcid": "PMC7102637", "title": "Planning and provision of ECMO services for severe ARDS during the COVID-19 pandemic and other outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Ramanathan, Kollengode", "Antognini, David", "Combes, Alain", "Paden, Matthew", "Zakhary, Bishoy", "Ogino, Mark", "MacLaren, Graeme", "Brodie, Daniel", "Shekar, Kiran"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203711", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "WHO interim guidelines recommend offering extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) to eligible patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The number of patients with COVID-19 infection who might develop severe ARDS that is refractory to maximal medical management and require this level of support is currently unknown. Available evidence from similar patient populations suggests that carefully selected patients with severe ARDS who do not benefit from conventional treatment might be successfully supported with venovenous ECMO. The need for ECMO is relatively low and its use is mostly restricted to specialised centres globally. Providing complex therapies such as ECMO during outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases has unique challenges. Careful planning, judicious resource allocation, and training of personnel to provide complex therapeutic interventions while adhering to strict infection control measures are all crucial components of an ECMO action plan. ECMO can be initiated in specialist centres, or patients can receive ECMO during transportation from a centre that is not specialised for this procedure to an expert ECMO centre. Ensuring that systems enable safe and coordinated movement of critically ill patients, staff, and equipment is important to improve ECMO access. ECMO preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic is important in view of the high transmission rate of the virus and respiratory-related mortality."}, {"pmid": 32209163, "pmcid": "PMC7096774", "title": "Serological and molecular findings during SARS-CoV-2 infection: the first case study in Finland, January to February 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Haveri, Anu", "Smura, Teemu", "Kuivanen, Suvi", "Osterlund, Pamela", "Hepojoki, Jussi", "Ikonen, Niina", "Pitkapaasi, Marjaana", "Blomqvist, Soile", "Ronkko, Esa", "Kantele, Anu", "Strandin, Tomas", "Kallio-Kokko, Hannimari", "Mannonen, Laura", "Lappalainen, Maija", "Broas, Markku", "Jiang, Miao", "Siira, Lotta", "Salminen, Mika", "Puumalainen, Taneli", "Sane, Jussi", "Melin, Merit", "Vapalahti, Olli", "Savolainen-Kopra, Carita"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209163", "countries": ["China", "Finland"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first case of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Finland was confirmed on 29 January 2020. No secondary cases were detected. We describe the clinical picture and laboratory findings 3-23 days since the first symptoms. The SARS-CoV-2/Finland/1/2020 virus strain was isolated, the genome showing a single nucleotide substitution to the reference strain from Wuhan. Neutralising antibody response appeared within 9 days along with specific IgM and IgG response, targeting particularly nucleocapsid and spike proteins."}, {"pmid": 32504623, "pmcid": "PMC7267796", "title": "COVID-19 and heart injury: Appropriate methodology is crucial for assessing the emerging evidence.", "journal": "Prog Cardiovasc Dis", "authors": ["Kollias, Anastasios", "Kyriakoulis, Konstantinos G", "Stergiou, George S"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504623", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520508, "title": "COVID-19 Pneumonia Mimicking Immunotherapy-Induced Pneumonitis on 18F-FDG PET/CT in a Patient Under Treatment With Nivolumab.", "journal": "Clin Nucl Med", "authors": ["Artigas, Carlos", "Lemort, Marc", "Mestrez, Fabienne", "Gil, Thierry", "Flamen, Patrick"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520508", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Within a few months, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic with more than 2 million patients infected and a high mortality rate. Early detection of COVID-19 in oncologic patients is crucial in order to rapidly apply isolation measures and avoid nosocomial spread. However, early diagnosis may be challenging, especially in cancer patients under treatment with immunotherapy as drug-induced pneumonitis can present similar clinical and radiological features. We describe the findings of a SARS-CoV-2 infection on PET/CT with F-FDG in a 51-year-old man with metastatic renal cell carcinoma under treatment with nivolumab."}, {"pmid": 32496430, "title": "Innovative Use of High-Fidelity Lung Simulators to Test a Ventilator Splitter Device.", "journal": "A A Pract", "authors": ["Boyer, Tanna J", "Mitchell, Sally A", "Cartwright, Johnny F", "Ahmed, Rami A"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496430", "countries": ["United States", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has rapidly exposed health care system inadequacies. Hospital ventilator shortages in Italy compelled US physicians to consider creative solutions, such as using Y-pieces or T-pieces, to preclude the need to make decisions of life or death based on medical equipment availability. We add to current knowledge and testing capacity for ventilator splitters by reporting the ability to examine the functionality of ventilator splitters by using 2 high-fidelity lung simulators. Data obtained by the high-fidelity lung simulators included: tidal volume, respiratory rate, minute ventilation, peak inspiratory pressure, peak plateau pressure, and positive end-expiratory pressure."}, {"pmid": 32392566, "title": "The Hidden Face of Fear in the COVID-19 Era: The Amygdala Hijack.", "journal": "Eur Neurol", "authors": ["Morelli, Nicola", "Rota, Eugenia", "Immovilli, Paolo", "Spallazzi, Marco", "Colombi, Davide", "Guidetti, Donata", "Michieletti, Emanuele"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392566", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32370116, "title": "A Nationwide Survey of Psychological Distress among Italian People during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Mazza, Cristina", "Ricci, Eleonora", "Biondi, Silvia", "Colasanti, Marco", "Ferracuti, Stefano", "Napoli, Christian", "Roma, Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370116", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The uncontrolled spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has called for unprecedented measures, to the extent that the Italian government has imposed a quarantine on the entire country. Quarantine has a huge impact and can cause considerable psychological strain. The present study aims to establish the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms and identify risk and protective factors for psychological distress in the general population. An online survey was administered from 18-22 March 2020 to 2766 participants. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression models were constructed to examine the associations between sociodemographic variables; personality traits; depression, anxiety, and stress. Female gender, negative affect, and detachment were associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Having an acquaintance infected was associated with increased levels of both depression and stress, whereas a history of stressful situations and medical problems was associated with higher levels of depression and anxiety. Finally, those with a family member infected and young person who had to work outside their domicile presented higher levels of anxiety and stress, respectively. This epidemiological picture is an important benchmark for identifying persons at greater risk of suffering from psychological distress and the results are useful for tailoring psychological interventions targeting the post-traumatic nature of the distress."}, {"pmid": 32120929, "pmcid": "PMC7175275", "title": "Antiviral Action of Tryptanthrin Isolated from Strobilanthes cusia Leaf against Human Coronavirus NL63.", "journal": "Biomolecules", "authors": ["Tsai, Yu-Chi", "Lee, Chia-Lin", "Yen, Hung-Rong", "Chang, Young-Sheng", "Lin, Yu-Ping", "Huang, Su-Hua", "Lin, Cheng-Wen"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32120929", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Strobilanthes cusia (Nees) Kuntze is a Chinese herbal medicine used in the treatment of respiratory virus infections. The methanol extract of S. cusia leaf contains chemical components such as \u03b2-sitosterol, indirubin, tryptanthrin, betulin, indigodole A, and indigodole B that have diverse biological activities. However, the antiviral action of S. cusia leaf and its components against human coronavirus remains to be elucidated. Human coronavirus NL63 infection is frequent among immunocompromised individuals, young children, and in the elderly. This study investigated the anti-Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) activity of the methanol extract of S. cusia leaf and its major components. The methanol extract of S. cusia leaf effectively inhibited the cytopathic effect (CPE) and virus yield (IC50 = 0.64 \u03bcg/mL) in HCoV-NL63-infected cells. Moreover, this extract potently inhibited the HCoV-NL63 infection in a concentration-dependent manner. Among the six components identified in the methanol extract of S. cusia leaf, tryptanthrin and indigodole B (5aR-ethyltryptanthrin) exhibited potent antiviral activity in reducing the CPE and progeny virus production. The IC50 values against virus yield were 1.52 \u03bcM and 2.60 \u03bcM for tryptanthrin and indigodole B, respectively. Different modes of time-of-addition/removal assay indicated that tryptanthrin prevented the early and late stages of HCoV-NL63 replication, particularly by blocking viral RNA genome synthesis and papain-like protease 2 activity. Notably, tryptanthrin (IC50 = 0.06 \u03bcM) and indigodole B (IC50 = 2.09 \u03bcM) exhibited strong virucidal activity as well. This study identified tryptanthrin as the key active component of S. cusia leaf methanol extract that acted against HCoV-NL63 in a cell-type independent manner. The results specify that tryptanthrin possesses antiviral potential against HCoV-NL63 infection."}, {"pmid": 32338566, "title": "Experiences and Insights from the Early US COVID-19 Epicenter: A Rapid Assessment Procedure Informed Clinical Ethnography Case Series.", "journal": "Psychiatry", "authors": ["Moloney, Kathleen", "Scheuer, Hannah", "Engstrom, Allison", "Schreiber, Merritt", "Whiteside, Lauren", "Nehra, Deepika", "Walen, Mary Lou", "Rivara, Frederick", "Zatzick, Douglas"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338566", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has evolved into a pandemic crisis, with King County in Washington State emerging as the early US epicenter. A literature review revealed few reports providing front-line clinical and research teams guidance related to multilevel, rapidly evolving COVID-19 directives.Method: The Rapid Assessment Procedure Informed Clinical Ethnography (RAPICE) method was used to develop a clinical case series and conduct participant observation during an ongoing comparative effectiveness trial of peer-integrated, patient-centered interventions after traumatic injury. Participants were patients enrolled in the intervention arm of the ongoing trial, as well as front-line clinicians, patient peer interventionists, and clinical research team members implementing the trial. All participants were exposed to the Washington State COVID-19 outbreak.Results: Primary and secondary COVID-19 prevention strategies were feasibly integrated into ongoing care coordination and behavioral interventions for at-risk patients. Beyond the compilation of case studies, as an iterative method, RAPICE data collection naturalistically evolved to include observations of intervention team activity occurring within the larger pandemic epicenter context. A daily clinical research team huddle that flexibly accommodated virtual participation was also feasibly implemented.Conclusions: Primary and secondary COVID-19 prevention strategies can be feasibly integrated into ongoing clinical interventions during the pandemic. Routine, proactive clinical and research team communication that transparently addresses ethical tensions and health-sustaining activities may promote well-being for providers grappling with rapidly evolving pandemic directives. Proactive assessments of individual provider vulnerabilities for severe COVID-19 related respiratory illness may also be a crucial element of the health care system pandemic responses."}, {"pmid": 32391908, "pmcid": "PMC7239158", "title": "From plague to coronavirus: vessel trajectory data from ship automatic identification systems for epidemic modeling1.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Hoffmann Pham, Katherine E", "Luengo-Oroz, Miguel"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391908", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In addition to moving people and goods, ships can spread disease. Vessel trajectory data from ship Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) is available online and can be extracted and analyzed, as we illustrate in the case of the current coronavirus epidemic. This data should be included in epidemiological models of disease transmission to complement air traffic data and inform operational responses."}, {"pmid": 32422545, "pmcid": "PMC7227498", "title": "Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and other coronavirus infections: A systematic review.", "journal": "Clin Neurol Neurosurg", "authors": ["Montalvan, V", "Lee, J", "Bueso, T", "De Toledo, J", "Rivas, K"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422545", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Increasing research reports neurological manifestations of COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2 shares homology with other human coronaviruses that have also had nervous system involvement. To review the neurological aspects of SARS-cov2 and other coronavirus, including transmission pathways, mechanisms of invasion into the nervous system, and mechanisms of neurological disease. We conducted a systematic review of articles in PubMed, SCOPUS and EMBASE data bases. Reviewed evidence is presented in sections of this manuscript which includes pathogenesis, neuro-invasion, encephalitis, Guillain-Barr\u00e9, ADEM, multiple sclerosis, polyneuropathy, and cerebrovascular disease. A total 67 studies were included in the final analysis of experimental studies, case reports, series of cases, cohort studies, and systematic reviews related to neurological manifestations of SARS- CoV-2 and other human coronavirus infections. The SARS-CoV-2 receptor is expressed in the nervous system. Common reported symptoms included hyposmia, headaches, weakness, altered consciousness. Encephalitis, demyelination, neuropathy, and stroke have been associated with COVID-19. Infection through the cribriform plate and olfactory bulb and dissemination through trans-synaptic transfer are some of the mechanisms proposed. Invasion of the medullary cardiorespiratory center by SARS-CoV-2 may contribute to the refractory respiratory failure observed in critically-ill COVID-19 patients. An increasing number of reports of COVID-19 patients with neurological disorders add to emergent experimental models with neuro-invasion as a reasonable concern that SARS-CoV-2 is a new neuropathogen. How it may cause acute and chronic neurologic disorders needs to be clarified in future research."}, {"pmid": 32502510, "pmcid": "PMC7265856", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: is the liver merely a bystander to severe disease?", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Bangash, Mansoor N", "Patel, Jaimin M", "Parekh, Dhruv", "Murphy, Nicholas", "Brown, Rachel M", "Elsharkawy, Ahmed M", "Mehta, Gautam", "Armstrong, Matthew J", "Neil, Desley"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502510", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312863, "pmcid": "PMC7173674", "title": "Short-term outcomes of COVID-19 and risk factors for progression.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Long, Li", "Zeng, Xiansheng", "Zhang, Xu", "Xiao, Wei", "Guo, E", "Zhan, Wenzhi", "Yang, Xuejiao", "Li, Chunyan", "Wu, Caiyun", "Xu, Tingting", "Zhan, Chen", "Chen, Yuehan", "Jiang, Mei", "Zhong, Nanshan", "Lai, Kefang"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312863", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489708, "pmcid": "PMC7220292", "title": "Immune Characteristics of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Aging Dis", "authors": ["Dong, Xiaotian", "Wang, Mengyan", "Liu, Shuangchun", "Zhu, Jiaqi", "Xu, Yanping", "Cao, Hongcui", "Li, Lanjuan"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489708", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Up to now, little is known about the detailed immune profiles of COVID-19 patients from admission to discharge. In this study we retrospectively reviewed the clinical and laboratory characteristics of 18 COVID-19 patients from January 30, 2020 to February 21, 2020. These patients were divided into two groups; group 1 had a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 nucleic acid-positive duration for more than 15 days (n = 6) and group 2 had a nucleic acid-positive duration for less than 15 days (n = 12). Group 1 patients had lower level of peripheral blood lymphocytes (0.40 vs. 0.78 \u00d7109/L, p = 0.024) and serum potassium (3.36 vs. 3.79 mmol/L, p = 0.043) on admission but longer hospitalization days (23.17 vs. 15.75 days, p < 0.001) compared to Group 2 patients. Moreover, baseline level of lymphocytes (r = -0.62, p = 0.006) was negatively correlated with the nucleic acid-positive duration. Additionally, lymphocytes (420.83 vs. 1100.56 /\u03bcL), T cells (232.50 vs. 706.78 /\u03bcL), CD4+ T cells (114.67 vs. 410.44 /\u03bcL), and CD8+ T cells (94.83 vs. 257.44 /\u03bcL) in the peripheral blood analyzed by flow cytometry were significantly different between Group 1and Group 2. Furthermore, there was also a negative correlation between lymphocytes (r = -0.54, p = 0.038) or T cells (r = -0.55, p = 0.034) at diagnosis and the nucleic acid-positive duration, separately. In conclusion, the patients with nucleic acid-positive \u2265 15 days had significantly decreased lymphocytes, T cell and its subsets compared to those who remained positive for less than 15 days."}, {"pmid": 32379113, "title": "Novel Coronavirus and Orthopaedic Surgery: Early Experiences from Singapore.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Chang Liang, Zhen", "Wang, Wilson", "Murphy, Diarmuid", "Po Hui, James Hoi"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379113", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524537, "title": "A complication of coronavirus disease 2019: delirium.", "journal": "Acta Neurol Belg", "authors": ["Cipriani, Gabriele", "Danti, Sabrina", "Nuti, Angelo", "Carlesi, Cecilia", "Lucetti, Claudio", "Di Fiorino, Mario"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524537", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is predominantly a respiratory disease. However, some cases exhibit other features including Central Nervous System symptoms. In the older adult, COVID-19 may present with atypical symptoms, including delirium and its complications. The objective of this study is to describe the relationship between the new type of coronavirus infection and delirium. Systematic research (Cochrane Library and PubMed) was carried out (only upper time limit: April 2020). Publications found through this indexed search were reviewed and manually screened to identify relevant studies. Search terms used included \"COVID-19, Delirium, Dementia, Intensive Care Unit\". We manually added articles identified through other sources (i.e., key journals). Older people are at the greatest risk from COVID-19. If infected, they may present delirium. Moreover, it is not exclusive to older people. Delirium is not inevitable; rather, it is preventable. Delirium prevention programs are even more crucial in the era of COVID-19 and cannot be allowed to wither despite the challenges of integrating delirium prevention with COVID-19 care. An acute change in condition, behaviour, or mental status should prompt a delirium screen. As regards the treatment, it is advisable to use non-pharmacological interventions first where possible. Medication may be needed for patients with agitation where there is intractable distress or high risk to self/others."}, {"pmid": 32479910, "pmcid": "PMC7256499", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on acute low back pain.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Borsa, Stefano", "Pluderi, Mauro", "Carrabba, Giorgio", "Ampollini, Antonella", "Pirovano, Marta", "Lombardi, Francesco", "Tomei, Massimo", "Locatelli, Marco"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479910", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251718, "pmcid": "PMC7195011", "title": "ACE2 at the centre of COVID-19 from paucisymptomatic infections to severe pneumonia.", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Rivellese, Felice", "Prediletto, Edoardo"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251718", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530994, "title": "COVID-19 in a Patient with Liver Cirrhosis.", "journal": "J Gastrointestin Liver Dis", "authors": ["Kreivenaite, Edita", "Gedgaudas, Rolandas", "Valantiene, Irena", "Mickiene, Aukse", "Kupcinskas, Juozas"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530994", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has recently become a serious issue affecting thousands of people worldwide. It is known that a substantial proportion of patients infected with COVID-19 have abnormal liver function tests; however, the consequences of this information is still not clear. Here we present the first case report of a patient with liver cirrhosis and COVID-19 in our centre. Resolution of COVID-19 symptoms was observed after six days of fever onset. We observed only slight fluctuations of liver enzymes, bilirubin levels and INR without clinical consequences in our case. We suggest testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus on any cirrhotic patient on initial presentation, even without symptoms of COVID-19 in areas where the epidemic was prevalent."}, {"pmid": 32338809, "pmcid": "PMC7267519", "title": "Navigating the impact of COVID-19 on palliative care for head and neck cancer.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Singh, Arjun Gurmeet", "Deodhar, Jayita", "Chaturvedi, Pankaj"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338809", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health care services are being confronted by a daily dilemma of who can receive critical care and who cannot. In a palliative care clinic, this apprehension gets exemplified, as these patients have limited life expectancy. The head and neck region further makes things critical, as it comprises of all the sites through which the SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted. This document strives to define the ways in which the head and neck cancer services can contribute to better patient care in a triage context. Practical steps suggested are protective equipment use, ensuring access to critical drugs (such as opioids), greater use of telemedicine consultations, discussing advance care plans, and embracing the role of a wider community support."}, {"pmid": 32482621, "title": "Covid-19: Women's health campaigners sue FDA over access to medical abortion pills.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Tanne, Janice Hopkins"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482621", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396101, "title": "Wearable Sensing and Telehealth Technology with Potential Applications in the Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "IEEE Rev Biomed Eng", "authors": ["Ding, Xiao-Rong", "Clifton, David", "Ji, Nan", "Lovell, Nigel Hamilton", "Bonato, Paolo", "Chen, Wei", "Yu, Xinge", "Xue, Zhong", "Xiang, Ting", "Long, Xi", "Xu, Ke", "Jiang, Xinyu", "Wang, Qi", "Yin, Bin", "Feng, Guodong", "Zhang, Yuanting"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396101", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a pandemic with serious clinical manifestations including death. A pandemic at the large-scale like COVID-19 places extraordinary demands on the world's health systems, dramatically devastates vulnerable populations, and critically threatens the global communities in an unprecedented way. While tremendous efforts at the frontline are placed on detecting the virus, providing treatments and developing vaccines, it is also critically important to examine the technologies and systems for tackling disease emergence, arresting its spread and especially the strategy for diseases prevention. The objective of this article is to review enabling technologies and systems with various application scenarios for handling the COVID-19 crisis. The article will focus specifically on 1) wearable devices suitable for monitoring the populations at risk and those in quarantine, both for evaluating the health status of caregivers and management personnel, and for facilitating triage processes for admission to hospitals; 2) unobtrusive sensing systems for detecting the disease and for monitoring patients with relatively mild symptoms whose clinical situation could suddenly worsen in improvised hospitals; and 3) telehealth technologies for the remote monitoring and diagnosis of COVID-19 and related diseases. Finally, further challenges and opportunities for future directions of development are highlighted."}, {"pmid": 32444414, "title": "Antibodies against immunogenic epitopes with high sequence identity to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with autoimmune dermatomyositis.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Megremis, Spyridon", "Walker, Thomas D J", "He, Xiaotong", "Ollier, William E R", "Chinoy, Hector", "Hampson, Lynne", "Hampson, Ian", "Lamb, Janine A"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444414", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32231349, "title": "Chloroquine in COVID-19: the evidence.", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Gupta, Nitesh", "Agrawal, Sumita", "Ish, Pranav"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32231349", "countries": ["Italy", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To the Editor The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared as a pandemic by World Health Organisation (WHO). The global mortality has increased, especially in countries like Italy and Iran. With the increasing morbidity and mortality, search for a cure has been the global demand."}, {"pmid": 32524253, "title": "mRNA Vaccines: Possible Tools to Combat SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Virol Sin", "authors": ["Yi, Changhua", "Yi, Yongxiang", "Li, Junwei"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524253", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304645, "pmcid": "PMC7158822", "title": "Boosting the arsenal against COVID-19 through computational drug repurposing.", "journal": "Drug Discov Today", "authors": ["Ciliberto, Gennaro", "Cardone, Luca"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304645", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463905, "title": "Resilience and Emotional Support in Health Care Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv", "authors": ["Frias, Cindy E", "Cuzco, Cecilia", "Martin, Carmen Frias", "Perez-Ortega, Silvia", "Trivino Lopez, Joselyn A", "Lombrana, Maria"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463905", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476576, "title": "Identification of potential natural inhibitors of SARS-CoV2 main protease by molecular docking and simulation studies.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Gupta, Sanjay", "Singh, Atul Kumar", "Kushwaha, Prem Prakash", "Prajapati, Kumari Sunita", "Shuaib, Mohd", "Senapati, Sabyasachi", "Kumar, Shashank"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476576", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses are contagious pathogens primarily responsible for respiratory and intestinal infections. Research efforts to develop antiviral agents against coronavirus demonstrated the main protease (Mpro) protein may represent effective drug target. X-ray crystallographic structure of the SARS-CoV2 Mpro protein demonstrated the significance of Glu166, Cys141, and His41 residues involved in protein dimerization and its catalytic function. We performed in silico screening of compounds from Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae family) against Mpro protein inhibition. Employing a combination of molecular docking, scoring functions, and molecular dynamics simulations, 267 compounds were screened by docking on Mpro crystallographic structure. Docking score and interaction profile analysis exhibited strong binding on the Mpro catalytic domain with compounds C1 (1E,6E)-1,2,6,7-tetrahydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione) and C2 (4Z,6E)-1,5-dihydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)hepta-4,6-dien-3-one as lead agents. Compound C1 and C2 showed minimum binding score (-9.08 and -8.07\u2009kcal/mole) against Mpro protein in comparison to shikonin and lopinavir (\u2248 -5.4\u2009kcal/mole) a standard Mpro inhibitor. Furthermore, principal component analysis, free energy landscape and protein-ligand energy calculation studies revealed that these two compounds strongly bind to the catalytic core of the Mpro protein with higher efficacy than lopinavir, a standard antiretroviral of the protease inhibitor class. Taken together, this structure based optimization has provided lead on two natural Mpro inhibitors for further testing and development as therapeutics against human coronavirus.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32406283, "title": "A survey of psoriasis patients on biologics during COVID-19: a single centre experience.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Burlando, Martina", "Carmisciano, Luca", "Cozzani, Emanuele", "Parodi, Aurora"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406283", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437576, "pmcid": "PMC7243090", "title": "Prevalence and Clinical Presentation of Health Care Workers With Symptoms of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in 2 Dutch Hospitals During an Early Phase of the Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Kluytmans-van den Bergh, Marjolein F Q", "Buiting, Anton G M", "Pas, Suzan D", "Bentvelsen, Robbert G", "van den Bijllaardt, Wouter", "van Oudheusden, Anne J G", "van Rijen, Miranda M L", "Verweij, Jaco J", "Koopmans, Marion P G", "Kluytmans, Jan A J W"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437576", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Netherlands"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On February 27, 2020, the first patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported in the Netherlands. During the following weeks, at 2 Dutch teaching hospitals, 9 health care workers (HCWs) received a diagnosis of COVID-19, 8 of whom had no history of travel to China or northern Italy, raising the question of whether undetected community circulation was occurring. To determine the prevalence and clinical presentation of COVID-19 among HCWs with self-reported fever or respiratory symptoms. This cross-sectional study was performed in 2 teaching hospitals in the southern part of the Netherlands in March 2020, during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Health care workers employed in the participating hospitals who experienced fever or respiratory symptoms were asked to voluntarily participate in a screening for infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Data analysis was performed in March 2020. The prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection was determined by semiquantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction on oropharyngeal samples. Structured interviews were conducted to document symptoms for all HCWs with confirmed COVID-19. Of 9705 HCWs employed (1722 male [18%]), 1353 (14%) reported fever or respiratory symptoms and were tested. Of those, 86 HCWs (6%) were infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (median age, 49 years [range, 22-66 years]; 15 [17%] male), representing 1% of all HCWs employed. Most HCWs experienced mild disease, and only 46 (53%) reported fever. Eighty HCWs (93%) met a case definition of fever and/or coughing and/or shortness of breath. Only 3 (3%) of the HCWs identified through the screening had a history of travel to China or northern Italy, and 3 (3%) reported having been exposed to an inpatient with a known diagnosis of COVID-19 before the onset of symptoms. Within 2 weeks after the first Dutch case was detected, a substantial proportion of HCWs with self-reported fever or respiratory symptoms were infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, likely as a result of acquisition of the virus in the community during the early phase of local spread. The high prevalence of mild clinical presentations, frequently not including fever, suggests that the currently recommended case definition for suspected COVID-19 should be used less stringently."}, {"pmid": 32429679, "pmcid": "PMC7240311", "title": "Progress of COVID-19 Epidemic in Pakistan.", "journal": "Asia Pac J Public Health", "authors": ["Abid, Khadijah", "Bari, Yashfika Abdul", "Younas, Maryam", "Tahir Javaid, Sehar", "Imran, Abira"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429679", "countries": ["China", "Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of corona virus initiated as pneumonia of unknown cause in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, which has been now spreading rapidly out of Wuhan to other countries. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared coronavirus outbreak as the sixth public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC), and on March 11, 2020, the WHO announced coronavirus as pandemic. Coronavirus is thought to be increasing in Pakistan. The first case of coronavirus was reported from Karachi on February 26, 2020, with estimated populace of Pakistan as 204.65 million. Successively, the virus spreads into various regions nationwide and has currently become an epidemic. The WHO has warned Pakistan that the country could encounter great challenge against the outbreak of coronavirus in the coming days. This short communication is conducted to shed light on the epidemic of coronavirus in the country. It would aid in emphasizing the up-to-date situation in a nutshell and the measures taken by the health sector of Pakistan to abate the risk of communication."}, {"pmid": 31992570, "title": "China coronavirus: mild but infectious cases may make it hard to control outbreak, report warns.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-01-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31992570", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511951, "title": "Management of primary hepatic malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic: recommendations for risk mitigation from a multidisciplinary perspective.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Barry, Aisling", "Apisarnthanarax, Smith", "O'Kane, Grainne M", "Sapisochin, Gonzalo", "Beecroft, Robert", "Salem, Riad", "Yoon, Sang Min", "Lim, Young-Suk", "Bridgewater, John", "Davidson, Brian", "Scorsetti, Marta", "Solbiati, Luigi", "Diehl, Adam", "Schuffenegger, Pablo Munoz", "Sham, Jonathan G", "Cavallucci, David", "Galvin, Zita", "Dawson, Laura A", "Hawkins, Maria A"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511951", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Around the world, recommendations for cancer treatment are being adapted in real time in response to the pandemic of COVID-19. We, as a multidisciplinary team, reviewed the standard management options, according to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer classification system, for hepatocellular carcinoma. We propose treatment recommendations related to COVID-19 for the different stages of hepatocellular carcinoma (ie, 0, A, B, and C), specifically in relation to surgery, locoregional therapies, and systemic therapy. We suggest potential strategies to modify risk during the pandemic and aid multidisciplinary treatment decision making. We also review the multidisciplinary management of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma as a potentially curable and incurable diagnosis in the setting of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32420953, "title": "Historical and methodological highlights of quarantine measures: from ancient plague epidemics to current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Conti, Andrea Alberto"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420953", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing 2020 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is an enormous challenge for the health systems and the entire societies of the countries involved. Since at present the outbreak continues to evolve (April 2020), the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared it a public health emergency of international concern, specifying that public health interventions aimed at the prevention of the further spread of this disease include quarantine. Quarantine, that may be defined as a restraint on the activities of people or on the traffic of goods, targeted to the prevention of the diffusion of communicable pathologies, is a health concept profoundly rooted in the history of mankind. The lessons of the past are always pertinent for the present and for the future, in particular from a public health standpoint. One of the most relevant of them is connected with previous influenza pandemics, similar to the current COVID-19 2019/2020 pandemic, and it indicates that it is practically impossible, even in recent times, to contain the infection in the geographic area where it has risen and to prevent its trans-national disseminated spread. With specific reference to the COVID-19 pandemic, therefore, health authorities still adopt \"classical\" preventive interventions, namely workplace social distancing measures and quarantine, to reduce the transmission of the disease. Only the future will testify the precise overall effectiveness of preventive public health measures in containing the impact of the present coronavirus pandemic. However, what in this epidemiological scenario is already known, is that the multi-century international health value of quarantine remains essential and unavoidable."}, {"pmid": 32426362, "pmcid": "PMC7203466", "title": "Covid-19: A Dynamic Analysis of Fatality Risk in Italy.", "journal": "Front Med (Lausanne)", "authors": ["Iosa, Marco", "Paolucci, Stefano", "Morone, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426362", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy was the second country in the world to face a wide epidemic of Covid-19 after China. The ratio of the number of fatalities to the number of cases (case fatality ratio, CFR) recorded in Italy was surprisingly high and increased in the month of March. The older mean age of population, the changes in testing policy, and the methodological computation of CFR were previously reported as possible explanations for the incremental trend of CFR, a parameter theoretically expected to be constant. In this brief report, the official data provided by the Italian Ministry of Health were analyzed using fitting models and the linear fit method approach. This last methodology allowed us to reach two findings. The trend of the number of deaths followed a 1-3-day delay of positive cases. This delay was not compatible with a biological course of Covid-19 but was compatible with a health management explanation. The second finding is that the Italian number of deaths did not increase linearly with the number of positive cases, but their relationship could be modeled by a second-order polynomial function. The high number of positive cases might have a direct and an indirect effect on the number of deaths, the latter being related to the overwhelmed bed capacity of intensive care units."}, {"pmid": 32519842, "title": "Toward Nanotechnology-Enabled Approaches against the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "ACS Nano", "authors": ["Weiss, Carsten", "Carriere, Marie", "Fusco, Laura", "Capua, Ilaria", "Regla-Nava, Jose Angel", "Pasquali, Matteo", "Scott, James A", "Vitale, Flavia", "Unal, Mehmet Altay", "Mattevi, Cecilia", "Bedognetti, Davide", "Merkoci, Arben", "Tasciotti, Ennio", "Yilmazer, Acelya", "Gogotsi, Yury", "Stellacci, Francesco", "Delogu, Lucia Gemma"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519842", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak has fueled a global demand for effective diagnosis and treatment as well as mitigation of the spread of infection, all through large-scale approaches such as specific alternative antiviral methods and classical disinfection protocols. Based on an abundance of engineered materials identifiable by their useful physicochemical properties through versatile chemical functionalization, nanotechnology offers a number of approaches to cope with this emergency. Here, through a multidisciplinary Perspective encompassing diverse fields such as virology, biology, medicine, engineering, chemistry, materials science, and computational science, we outline how nanotechnology-based strategies can support the fight against COVID-19, as well as infectious diseases in general, including future pandemics. Considering what we know so far about the life cycle of the virus, we envision key steps where nanotechnology could counter the disease. First, nanoparticles (NPs) can offer alternative methods to classical disinfection protocols used in healthcare settings, thanks to their intrinsic antipathogenic properties and/or their ability to inactivate viruses, bacteria, fungi, or yeasts either photothermally or via photocatalysis-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Nanotechnology tools to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in patients could also be explored. In this case, nanomaterials could be used to deliver drugs to the pulmonary system to inhibit interaction between angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors and viral S protein. Moreover, the concept of \"nanoimmunity by design\" can help us to design materials for immune modulation, either stimulating or suppressing the immune response, which would find applications in the context of vaccine development for SARS-CoV-2 or in counteracting the cytokine storm, respectively. In addition to disease prevention and therapeutic potential, nanotechnology has important roles in diagnostics, with potential to support the development of simple, fast, and cost-effective nanotechnology-based assays to monitor the presence of SARS-CoV-2 and related biomarkers. In summary, nanotechnology is critical in counteracting COVID-19 and will be vital when preparing for future pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32217520, "title": "The world's largest refugee camp prepares for covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Vince, Gaia"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217520", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32375506, "title": "What's the psychiatrist's role in the COVID-19 outbreak?", "journal": "Aust N Z J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Singh, Ajeet B"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375506", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434462, "title": "Clinical Management of Nonrespiratory Diseases in the COVID-19 Pandemic: What Have We Done and What Needs to Be Done? (Re: Telemed J E Health [Epub ahead of print]; DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2020.0106).", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Vigano, Mauro", "Voza, Antonio", "Harari, Sergio", "Eusebio, Alessandro", "Ripoll Pons, Marta", "Bordonali, Marco", "Preti, Vittorio", "Rumi, Maria Grazia", "Badalamenti, Salvatore", "Aghemo, Alessio"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434462", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391999, "title": "[Chloroquine as a possible treatment for COVID-19].", "journal": "Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd", "authors": ["Coumou, Jeroen", "de Vries, Peter J"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391999", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of COVID-19, chloroquine has been mentioned as a possible treatment. In vitro studies have shown anti-viral activity of chloroquine against SARS-CoV-2. Recently, the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment published treatment options for antiviral treatment for COVID-19 where chloroquine was suggested as first choice for off-label treatment, beside remdesivir en lopinavir/ritonavir. In this commentary, we provide a background and history of chloroquine, the evidence for antiviral efficacy of chloroquine and the arguments for off-label use of chloroquine in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32453112, "title": "Telemedicine in Orthopaedic Surgery: Challenges and Opportunities.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Makhni, Melvin C", "Riew, Grant J", "Sumathipala, Marissa G"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453112", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Improvements in technology and a push toward value-based health care have poised the telemedicine industry for growth; however, despite the benefits of virtual care, widespread implementation had not occurred until the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Powerful barriers have hindered the widespread adoption of telemedicine, including lack of awareness, implementation costs, inefficiencies introduced, difficulty performing physical examinations, overall lack of perceived benefit of virtual care, negative financial implications, concern for medicolegal liability, and regulatory restrictions. Some of these challenges have been addressed with temporary state and federal mandates in response to the COVID-19 pandemic; however, continued investment in systems and technology as well as refinement of regulations around telemedicine are needed to sustain widespread adoption by patients and providers."}, {"pmid": 32432995, "pmcid": "PMC7258763", "title": "Improving Stroke Care in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic Through Simulation: Practice Your Protocols!", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Kurz, Martin W", "Ospel, Johanna Maria", "Daehli Kurz, Kathinka", "Goyal, Mayank"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432995", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, infectious disease control is of utmost importance in acute stroke treatment. This is a new situation for most stroke teams that often leads to uncertainty among physicians, nurses, and technicians who are in immediate contact with patients. The situation is made even more complicated by numerous new regulations and protocols that are released in rapid succession. Herein, we are describing our experience with simulation training for COVID-19 stroke treatment protocols. One week of simulation training allowed us to identify numerous latent safety threats and to adjust our institution-specific protocols to mitigate them. It also helped our physicians and nurses to practice relevant tasks and behavioral patterns (eg, proper donning and doffing PPE, where to dispose potentially contaminated equipment) to minimize their infectious exposure and to adapt to the new situation. We therefore strongly encourage other hospitals to adopt simulation training to prepare their medical teams for code strokes during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32303022, "title": "COVID-19 Crisis as a Collective Hero's Journey to Better Public and Global Mental Health.", "journal": "Psychiatr Danub", "authors": ["Jakovljevic, Miro"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303022", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531704, "pmcid": "PMC7260596", "title": "Mental health considerations for patients with epilepsy during COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Epilepsy Behav", "authors": ["Kuroda, Naoto"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531704", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32064854, "title": "[The network investigation on knowledge, attitude and practice about Novel coronavirus pneumonia of the residents in Anhui Province].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, Y", "Jin, Y L", "Zhu, L J", "Fang, Z M", "Wu, N", "Du, M X", "Jiang, M M", "Wang, J", "Yao, Y S"], "date": "2020-02-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32064854", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To analyze the current situation of the knowledge, attitudes and practice about Novelcoronavirus pneumonia (NCP) of the residents in Anhui Province. Methods: Anonymous network sampling survey was carried out with an electronic questionnaire that designed by the questionnaire star, and a total of 4016 subjects from Anhui province were investigated. The content of the survey includes that the basic information of subjects,the residents' knowledge, attitudes and practice about NCP, as well as their satisfaction with the prevention and control measures adopted by the government and health authorities and the suggestions on future prevention. The questionnaire doesn't involve any privacy information, and all questions were mandatory to ensure the response rate. Results: The M (P(25), P(75)) age the 4016 subjects was 21 (19, 24), and the ranging from 7 to 80 years old. The number of males was1431(35.6%). Social networking tools such as WeChat and QQ were the main sources of epidemic information for residents (97.8%, 3 929 respondents). Residents have a high awareness rate of the main symptoms, transmission routes, using of masks, hand washing and treatment information of NCP, while a low awareness rate of the atypical symptoms. 92.6% of the subjects (n=3 720) think that the outbreak was scary. In terms of psychological behavior scores, the results showed that female (9.38\u00b14.81), the urban (9.37\u00b15.02) and the medical workers (10.79\u00b15.19) had a poorer mental health than the male (8.45\u00b15.00) , the rural (8.71\u00b14.75) and the non-medical workers (the students: 8.85\u00b14.83; public institude workers: 9.02\u00b15.08; others: 8.97\u00b15.39) (P < 0.05). 71.9% of the residents (n=2 887)were satisfied with the local epidemic control measures. The residents took various of the measures to prevent and control the epidemic. The ratio of residents that could achieve \"no gathering and less going out\" , \"wear masks when going out\" and \"do not go to crowded and closed places\" was up to 97.4% (n=3 913), 93.6% (n=3758) and 91.5% (n=3 673) respectively. Conclusion: The residents in Anhui province have a good KAP about NCP, yet it is necessary to strengthen the community publicity, the mental health maintenance of residents and students' health education."}, {"pmid": 32500199, "pmcid": "PMC7271136", "title": "Dying with SARS-CoV-2 infection-an autopsy study of the first consecutive 80 cases in Hamburg, Germany.", "journal": "Int J Legal Med", "authors": ["Edler, Carolin", "Schroder, Ann Sophie", "Aepfelbacher, Martin", "Fitzek, Antonia", "Heinemann, Axel", "Heinrich, Fabian", "Klein, Anke", "Langenwalder, Felicia", "Lutgehetmann, Marc", "Meissner, Kira", "Puschel, Klaus", "Schadler, Julia", "Steurer, Stefan", "Mushumba, Herbert", "Sperhake, Jan-Peter"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500199", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Autopsies of deceased with a confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can provide important insights into the novel disease and its course. Furthermore, autopsies are essential for the correct statistical recording of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deaths. In the northern German Federal State of Hamburg, all deaths of Hamburg citizens with ante- or postmortem PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection have been autopsied since the outbreak of the pandemic in Germany. Our evaluation provides a systematic overview of the first 80 consecutive full autopsies. A proposal for the categorisation of deaths with SARS-CoV-2 infection is presented (category 1: definite COVID-19 death; category 2: probable COVID-19 death; category 3: possible COVID-19 death with an equal alternative cause of death; category 4: SARS-CoV-2 detection with cause of death not associated to COVID-19). In six cases, SARS-CoV-2 infection was diagnosed postmortem by a positive PCR test in a nasopharyngeal or lung tissue swab. In the other 74 cases, SARS-CoV-2 infection had already been known antemortem. The deceased were aged between 52 and 96 years (average 79.2 years, median 82.4 years). In the study cohort, 34 deceased were female (38%) and 46 male (62%). Overall, 38% of the deceased were overweight or obese. All deceased, except for two women, in whom no significant pre-existing conditions were found autoptically, had relevant comorbidities (in descending order of frequency): (1) diseases of the cardiovascular system, (2) lung diseases, (3) central nervous system diseases, (4) kidney diseases, and (5) diabetes mellitus. A total of 76 cases (95%) were classified as COVID-19 deaths, corresponding to categories 1-3. Four deaths (5%) were defined as non-COVID-19 deaths with virus-independent causes of death. In eight cases, pneumonia was combined with a fulminant pulmonary artery embolism. Peripheral pulmonary artery embolisms were found in nine other cases. Overall, deep vein thrombosis has been found in 40% of the cases. This study provides the largest overview of autopsies of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients presented so far."}, {"pmid": 32447798, "title": "Are erythema multiforme and urticaria related to a better outcome of COVID-19?", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Dastoli, Stefano", "Bennardo, Luigi", "Patruno, Cataldo", "Nistico, Steven Paul"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447798", "topics": ["NONE", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335175, "pmcid": "PMC7177053", "title": "Reliability and usefulness of a rapid IgM-IgG antibody test for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A preliminary report.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Spicuzza, Lucia", "Montineri, Arturo", "Manuele, Rosa", "Crimi, Claudia", "Pistorio, Maria P", "Campisi, Raffaele", "Vancheri, Carlo", "Crimi, Nunzio"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335175", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265005, "pmcid": "PMC7140595", "title": "Only strict quarantine measures can curb the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Italy, 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Sjodin, Henrik", "Wilder-Smith, Annelies", "Osman, Sarah", "Farooq, Zia", "Rocklov, Joacim"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265005", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several Italian towns are under lockdown to contain the COVID-19 outbreak. The level of transmission reduction required for physical distancing interventions to mitigate the epidemic is a crucial question. We show that very high adherence to community quarantine (total stay-home policy) and a small household size is necessary for curbing the outbreak in a locked-down town. The larger the household size and amount of time in the public, the longer the lockdown period needed."}, {"pmid": 32386056, "pmcid": "PMC7239122", "title": "Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Biological Treatment in SARS-CoV-2 Era. Why Not?", "journal": "Inflamm Bowel Dis", "authors": ["Grassia, Roberto", "Soro, Sara", "Conti, Clara Benedetta"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386056", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515987, "title": "When the Dust Settles: Preventing a Mental Health Crisis in COVID-19 Clinicians.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Kiser, Stephanie B", "Bernacki, Rachelle E"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515987", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427773, "title": "Rescue Therapy for Severe COVID-19 Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) with Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA): A Case Series.", "journal": "J Trauma Acute Care Surg", "authors": ["Barrett, Christopher D", "Oren-Grinberg, Achikem", "Chao, Edward", "Moraco, Andrew H", "Martin, Matthew J", "Reddy, Srinivas H", "Ilg, Annette M", "Jhunjhunwala, Rashi", "Uribe, Marco", "Moore, Hunter B", "Moore, Ernest E", "Baedorf-Kassis, Elias N", "Krajewski, Megan L", "Talmor, Daniel S", "Shaefi, Shahzad", "Yaffe, Michael B"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427773", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented stresses on modern medical systems, overwhelming the resource infrastructure in numerous countries while presenting a unique series of pathophysiologic clinical findings. Thrombotic coagulopathy is common in critically ill patients suffering from COVID-19, with associated high rates of respiratory failure requiring prolonged periods of mechanical ventilation. Here we report a case series of five patients suffering from profound, medically refractory COVID-19 associated respiratory failure who were treated with fibrinolytic therapy using tissue plasminogen activator (tPA, Alteplase). All five patients appeared to have an improved respiratory status following tPA administration: one patient had an initial marked improvement that partially regressed after several hours, one patient had transient improvements that were not sustained, and three patients had sustained clinical improvements following tPA administration."}, {"pmid": 32247752, "pmcid": "PMC7129132", "title": "The spread of novel coronavirus has created an alarming situation worldwide.", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Khan, Suliman", "Siddique, Rabeea", "Ali, Ashaq", "Bai, Qian", "Li, Zhe", "Li, Hongmin", "Shereen, Muhammad Adnan", "Xue, Mengzhou", "Nabi, Ghulam"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247752", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344330, "pmcid": "PMC7179483", "title": "Pakistanis' mental health during the COVID-19.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Mukhtar, Sonia"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344330", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342862, "pmcid": "PMC7194725", "title": "Practice recommendations for lung cancer radiotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic: An ESTRO-ASTRO consensus statement.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Troost, Esther G C", "Nestle, Ursula", "Putora, Paul Martin", "Bussink, Johan"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342862", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385938, "pmcid": "PMC7272968", "title": "A Dermatologist's Perspective of the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Murrell, Dedee F", "Arora, Gulhima", "Rudnicka, Lidia", "Kassir, Martin", "Lotti, Torello", "Goldust, Mohamad"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385938", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378737, "pmcid": "PMC7267287", "title": "The Approved Dose of Ivermectin Alone is not the Ideal Dose for the Treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Schmith, Virginia D", "Zhou, Jie Jessie", "Lohmer, Lauren R L"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378737", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Caly et al.1 reported that ivermectin inhibited severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in vitro for up to 48\u00a0hours using ivermectin at 5\u00a0\u03bcM. The concentration resulting in 50% inhibition (IC50 ; 2\u00a0\u00b5M) was >\u00a035\u00d7 higher than the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ) after oral administration of the approved dose of ivermectin when given fasted. Simulations were conducted using an available population pharmacokinetic model to predict total (bound and unbound) and unbound plasma concentration-time profiles after a single and repeat fasted administration of the approved dose of ivermectin (200\u00a0\u03bcg/kg), 60\u00a0mg, and 120\u00a0mg. Plasma total Cmax was determined and then multiplied by the lung:plasma ratio reported in cattle to predict the lung Cmax after administration of each single dose. Plasma ivermectin concentrations of total (bound and unbound) and unbound concentrations do not reach the IC50 , even for a dose level 10\u00d7 higher than the approved dose. Even with the high lung:plasma ratio, ivermectin is unlikely to reach the IC50 in the lungs after single oral administration of the approved dose (predicted lung: 0.0873\u00a0\u00b5M) or at doses 10\u00d7 higher that the approved dose administered orally (predicted lung: 0.820\u00a0\u00b5M). In summary, the likelihood of a successful clinical trial using the approved dose of ivermectin is low. Combination therapy should be evaluated in vitro. Repurposing drugs for use in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment is an ideal strategy but is only feasible when product safety has been established and experiments of repurposed drugs are conducted at clinically relevant concentrations."}, {"pmid": 32213329, "pmcid": "PMC7118670", "title": "Scientific and ethical basis for social-distancing interventions against COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lewnard, Joseph A", "Lo, Nathan C"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213329", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324284, "pmcid": "PMC7264743", "title": "COVID-19 infection and treatment with hydroxychloroquine cause severe haemolysis crisis in a patient with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.", "journal": "Eur J Haematol", "authors": ["Beauverd, Yan", "Adam, Yannick", "Assouline, Benjamin", "Samii, Kaveh"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324284", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an inherited genetic disorder caused by red cell enzymatic defects and is associated with haemolytic crisis when patients are exposed to oxidative agents (fava beans, drugs, infections). Hydroxychloroquine is suspected to trigger haemolytic crisis in G6PD-deficient patients, and off-label administration of this drug to patients infected with the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) could cause concern. We report here the first case of severe haemolytic crisis in a patient with G6PD deficiency, initiated by severe COVID-19 infection and hydroxychloroquine use. With worldwide spread of COVID-19, especially in regions with a high prevalence of G6PD deficiency, our case should alert physicians to this possible correlation."}, {"pmid": 32317053, "pmcid": "PMC7175653", "title": "SARS-CoV2 infection and primary school closure.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Vanhems, Philippe"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317053", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334003, "pmcid": "PMC7174981", "title": "It's not the heat, it's the humidity: Effectiveness of a rice cooker-steamer for decontamination of cloth and surgical face masks and N95 respirators.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Li, Daniel F", "Cadnum, Jennifer L", "Redmond, Sarah N", "Jones, Lucas D", "Donskey, Curtis J"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334003", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243267, "pmcid": "PMC7273858", "title": "Initial ELSO Guidance Document: ECMO for COVID-19 Patients with Severe Cardiopulmonary Failure.", "journal": "ASAIO J", "authors": ["Bartlett, Robert H", "Ogino, Mark T", "Brodie, Daniel", "McMullan, David M", "Lorusso, Roberto", "MacLaren, Graeme", "Stead, Christine M", "Rycus, Peter", "Fraser, John F", "Belohlavek, Jan", "Salazar, Leonardo", "Mehta, Yatin", "Raman, Lakshmi", "Paden, Matthew L"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243267", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348829, "pmcid": "PMC7194514", "title": "Proposed approach for reusing surgical masks in COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Liu, Yuangang", "Leachman, Sancy A", "Bar, Anna"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348829", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406764, "title": "Monitoring for post-injection delirium/sedation syndrome with long-acting olanzapine during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Aust N Z J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Siskind, Dan", "Northwood, Korinne", "Berk, Michael", "Castle, David", "Galletly, Cherrie", "Harris, Anthony"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406764", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512244, "title": "An Evaluation of Neurosurgical Resident Education and Sentiment During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A North American Survey.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Pelargos, Panayiotis E", "Chakraborty, Arpan", "Zhao, Yan D", "Smith, Zachary A", "Dunn, Ian F", "Bauer, Andrew M"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512244", "countries": ["United States", "Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has had a tremendous impact on the healthcare system. Due to restrictions in elective surgery and social distancing guidelines, the training curriculum for neurosurgical trainees is rapidly evolving. This evolution may have significant long-term effects on the training of neurosurgery residents. To assess the impact of COVID-19 on neurosurgical training programs and residents. A survey consisting of thirty-one questions assessing changes to resident clinical and educational workload and their sentiment on how these changes may affect their careers was distributed electronically to neurosurgery residents in the United States and Canada. The survey respondents were spread over 29 states and Canada and were relatively evenly spread across all levels of residency. Nearly 82% reported that the inpatient and outpatient volumes were either greatly (44.0%) or moderately (37.8%) reduced. Greater than 91% reported that their work responsibilities or access to the hospital had been reduced with a significant reduction in work hours and a significant increase in resident didactics (p <.001). Senior residents expressed concern about their educational experience as well as their future career prospects as a result of the pandemic. Universally, residents have experienced reduced work hours and reduction in their operative case volumes. Programs have adapted by increasing didactic time and using electronic platforms. It is quite possible that this remarkable time period will prompt a critical re-appraisal of the pre-COVID-19 adequacy of educational content in our training programs, and that enhanced educational efforts driven by this pandemic may be lasting."}, {"pmid": 32453917, "title": "SARS-CoV-2, bacterial co-infections, and AMR: the deadly trio in COVID-19?", "journal": "EMBO Mol Med", "authors": ["Bengoechea, Jose A", "Bamford, Connor G G"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453917", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the end of December 2019, Chinese public health authorities reported a cluster of pneumonia of unknown cause in central city of Wuhan in Hubei province. Shortly after, Chinese scientists identified a hitherto undescribed beta-coronavirus as the likely causative agent. The disease is now referred to as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the virus is called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since 31 December 2019 and as of 25 May 2020, 5,432,512 cases of COVID-19 (in accordance with the applied case definitions and testing strategies in the affected countries) have been reported globally, including 345,467 deaths."}, {"pmid": 32299928, "title": "From mice to monkeys, animals studied for coronavirus answers.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Cohen, Jon"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299928", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401360, "pmcid": "PMC7273031", "title": "Managing haematology and oncology patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: interim consensus guidance.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Weinkove, Robert", "McQuilten, Zoe K", "Adler, Jonathan", "Agar, Meera R", "Blyth, Emily", "Cheng, Allen C", "Conyers, Rachel", "Haeusler, Gabrielle M", "Hardie, Claire", "Jackson, Christopher", "Lane, Steven W", "Middlemiss, Tom", "Mollee, Peter", "Mulligan, Stephen P", "Ritchie, David", "Ruka, Myra", "Solomon, Benjamin", "Szer, Jeffrey", "Thursky, Karin A", "Wood, Erica M", "Worth, Leon J", "Yong, Michelle K", "Slavin, Monica A", "Teh, Benjamin W"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401360", "countries": ["Australia", "New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A pandemic coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, causes COVID-19, a potentially life-threatening respiratory disease. Patients with cancer may have compromised immunity due to their malignancy and/or treatment, and may be at elevated risk of severe COVID-19. Community transmission of COVID-19 could overwhelm health care services, compromising delivery of cancer care. This interim consensus guidance provides advice for clinicians managing patients with cancer during the pandemic. During the COVID-19 pandemic: In patients with cancer with fever and/or respiratory symptoms, consider causes in addition to COVID-19, including other infections and therapy-related pneumonitis. For suspected or confirmed COVID-19, discuss temporary cessation of cancer therapy with a relevant specialist. Provide information on COVID-19 for patients and carers. Adopt measures within cancer centres to reduce risk of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 acquisition; support population-wide social distancing; reduce demand on acute services; ensure adequate staffing; and provide culturally safe care. Measures should be equitable, transparent and proportionate to the COVID-19 threat. Consider the risks and benefits of modifying cancer therapies due to COVID-19. Communicate treatment modifications, and review once health service capacity allows. Consider potential impacts of COVID-19 on the blood supply and availability of stem cell donors. Discuss and document goals of care, and involve palliative care services in contingency planning. This interim consensus guidance provides a framework for clinicians managing patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic. In view of the rapidly changing situation, clinicians must also monitor national, state, local and institutional policies, which will take precedence. Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group; Australasian Lung Cancer Trials Group; Australian and New Zealand Children's Haematology/Oncology Group; Australia and New Zealand Society of Palliative Medicine; Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases; Bone Marrow Transplantation Society of Australia and New Zealand; Cancer Council Australia; Cancer Nurses Society of Australia; Cancer Society of New Zealand; Clinical Oncology Society of Australia; Haematology Society of Australia and New Zealand; National Centre for Infections in Cancer; New Zealand Cancer Control Agency; New Zealand Society for Oncology; and Palliative Care Australia."}, {"pmid": 32522050, "title": "COVID-19: clinical presentation and implications. A primer for obstetricians.", "journal": "J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med", "authors": ["Dahan, Michael H", "Steiner, Naama"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522050", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389845, "pmcid": "PMC7205638", "title": "Coronavirus 2019 and health systems affected by protracted conflict: The case of Syria.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Abbara, Aula", "Rayes, Diana", "Fahham, Ola", "Alhiraki, Omar Alrashid", "Khalil, Munzer", "Alomar, Abdulrahman", "Tarakji, Ahmad"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389845", "countries": ["Syrian Arab Republic"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Two thirds of countries globally are unprepared to respond to a health emergency as per the International Health Regulations (2005), with conflict-affected countries like Syria being particularly vulnerable. Political influences on outbreak preparedness, response and reporting may also adversely affect control of SARS-CoV-2 in Syria. Syria reported its first case on 22 March 2020; however, concerns were raised that this was delayed and that underreporting continues. Syria's conflict has displaced more than half of its pre-war population, leaving 6.7 million people internally displaced. The consequent overcrowding - with insufficient water, sanitation and healthcare (including laboratory capacity) - could lead to conditions that are ideal for spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Syria. Political changes have led to the formation of at least three health systems within Syria's borders, each with its own governance, capacity and planning. This fragmentation, with little interaction between them, could lead to poor resource allocation and adversely affect control. As such, COVID-19 could overwhelm the health systems (particularly intensive care capacity), leading to high deaths across the population, particularly for the most vulnerable such as detainees. Locally implementable interventions that rapidly build WASH and health system capacity are required across Syria to ensure early detection and management of COVID-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32462703, "title": "The COVID-19 epidemic of manuscripts.", "journal": "J Adv Nurs", "authors": ["Watson, Roger", "Mark, Mark"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462703", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520340, "title": "Linking Statistics With Testing Policy to Manage COVID-19 in the Community.", "journal": "Am J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Hilborne, Lee H", "Wagner, Zachary", "Cabreros, Irineo", "Brook, Robert H"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520340", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine the public health surveillance severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing volume needed, both for acute infection and seroprevalence. Required testing volumes were developed using standard statistical methods based on test analytical performance, disease prevalence, desired precision, and population size. Widespread testing for individual health management cannot address surveillance needs. The number of people who must be sampled for public health surveillance and decision making, although not trivial, is potentially in the thousands for any given population or subpopulation, not millions. While the contributions of diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2 have received considerable attention, concerns abound regarding the availability of sufficient testing capacity to meet demand. Different testing goals require different numbers of tests and different testing strategies; testing strategies for national or local disease surveillance, including monitoring of prevalence, receive less attention. Our clinical laboratory and diagnostic infrastructure are capable of incorporating required volumes for many local, regional, and national public health surveillance studies into their current and projected testing capacity. However, testing for surveillance requires careful design and randomization to provide meaningful insights."}, {"pmid": 32459528, "title": "Risk for COVID-19 Resurgence Related to Duration and Effectiveness of Physical Distancing in Ontario, Canada.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Tuite, Ashleigh R", "Greer, Amy L", "De Keninck, Steven", "Fisman, David N"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459528", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444252, "pmcid": "PMC7211622", "title": "Radiology Department and Residency Program Response and Adaption to COVID 19.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Astani, Seyed Amin", "Langroudi, Taraneh Faghihi", "Haghighatkhah, Hamidreza", "Keshavarz, Elham", "Bahrami-Motlagh, Hooman", "Haseli, Sara", "Bagheri, Arash Khameneh", "Taheri, Morteza Sanei"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444252", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472250, "pmcid": "PMC7259432", "title": "Survival strategy of urology department during the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Int Urol Nephrol", "authors": ["Choi, Se Young", "Kim, Tae-Hyoung"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472250", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476547, "title": "Strategic Deployment of Cardiology Fellows-in-Training Using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education COVID-19 Framework.", "journal": "J Am Heart Assoc", "authors": ["Gallagher, Michael J", "Bloomingdale, Richard", "Berman, Aaron D", "Williamson, Brian D", "Dixon, Simon R", "Safian, Robert D"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476547", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic affecting more than 3 million people in over 170 countries, resulting in more than 200,000 deaths; 35-40% of patients and deaths are in the United States. The COVID-19 crisis is placing an enormous burden on healthcare in the United States, including residency and fellowship training programs. The balance between mitigation, training and education, and patient care are the ultimate determinants of the role of cardiology fellows-in-training (FIT) during the COVID-19 crisis. On March 24, 2020 the Accreditation Council Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) issued a formal response to the pandemic crisis and described a framework for operation of GME programs. Guidance for deployment of cardiology FIT during the COVID-19 crisis is based on the principles of a medical mission, and adherence to preparation, protection, and support of our FIT. The purpose of this review is to describe our departmental strategic deployment of C-FIT using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) framework for pandemic preparedness."}, {"pmid": 32449247, "title": "Reply to letter: Acute-onset smell and taste disorders in the context of Covid-19: a pilot multicenter PCR-based case-control study.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Beltran-Corbellini, Alvaro", "Chico-Garcia, Juan Luis", "Martinez-Poles, Javier", "Rodriguez-Jorge, Fernando", "Alonso-Canovas, Araceli"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449247", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We thank our colleagues for their constructive discussion on our recently published study1 . Regarding prevalence, indeed, growing literature yields a variable frequency of loss of smell (LOS) in Covid-19 patients, that may be hypothetically due to differences in the location and amount of viral load, to the different immune response between younger mild-symptomatic outpatients (higher prevalence) and more severely affected inpatients (lower prevalence)1,2 , and to the variable methods of measurement."}, {"pmid": 32404583, "title": "Clinical and Perioperative Management in Ophthalmology During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Int Ophthalmol Clin", "authors": ["Leung, Ella H", "Flynn, Harry W Jr", "Gayer, Steven", "Yeh, Steven", "Berrocal, Audina M", "Olmos de Koo, Lisa C", "Chen, Royce W S", "Albini, Thomas A", "Foroozan, Rod"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404583", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523608, "pmcid": "PMC7279120", "title": "Ensuring health equity during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of public health infrastructure.", "journal": "Rev Panam Salud Publica", "authors": ["Benjamin, Georges C"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523608", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly stressed public health systems around the world and exposed the gaps in health care for underserved and vulnerable populations. In the context of the social determinants of health, focusing on health system preparedness is paramount for protecting the health of all of society. Faced with old threats (e.g., re-emergence of measles), disruptive new technologies (e.g., electronic cigarettes), increased challenges (e.g. drug-resistant organisms), and new threats (e.g., the current pandemic, climate change, politicized misinformation), our health systems must be robust and resilient. The response must include those who now suffer disproportionately-the poor and the vulnerable. Current World Health Organization priorities call for infrastructures capable of detecting, monitoring, and responding to health emergencies, such as COVID-19, and the health impacts of climate change in the context of health for all. Health care infrastructure can be better prepared and more equitable if systems are strengthened by building on core competencies and following the recommendations made for leadership, stakeholder involvement, accreditation, data collection, and funding resources. Ensuring health equity in a pandemic requires robust and resilient public health infrastructure during normal times."}, {"pmid": 32430776, "pmcid": "PMC7237169", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak: succinct advice for dentists and oral healthcare professionals.", "journal": "Clin Oral Investig", "authors": ["Cirillo, Nicola"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430776", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403261, "title": "Hand Sanitizers: A Review on Formulation Aspects, Adverse Effects, and Regulations.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Jing, Jane Lee Jia", "Pei Yi, Thong", "Bose, Rajendran J C", "McCarthy, Jason R", "Tharmalingam, Nagendran", "Madheswaran, Thiagarajan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403261", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hand hygiene is of utmost importance as it may be contaminated easily from direct contact with airborne microorganism droplets from coughs and sneezes. Particularly in situations like pandemic outbreak, it is crucial to interrupt the transmission chain of the virus by the practice of proper hand sanitization. It can be achieved with contact isolation and strict infection control tool like maintaining good hand hygiene in hospital settings and in public. The success of the hand sanitization solely depends on the use of effective hand disinfecting agents formulated in various types and forms such as antimicrobial soaps, water-based or alcohol-based hand sanitizer, with the latter being widely used in hospital settings. To date, most of the effective hand sanitizer products are alcohol-based formulations containing 62%-95% of alcohol as it can denature the proteins of microbes and the ability to inactivate viruses. This systematic review correlated with the data available in Pubmed, and it will investigate the range of available hand sanitizers and their effectiveness as well as the formulation aspects, adverse effects, and recommendations to enhance the formulation efficiency and safety. Further, this article highlights the efficacy of alcohol-based hand sanitizer against the coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32447746, "pmcid": "PMC7244399", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Infection Leads to Neurological Dysfunction.", "journal": "J Neuroimmune Pharmacol", "authors": ["Acharya, Arpan", "Kevadiya, Bhavesh D", "Gendelman, Howard E", "Byrareddy, Siddappa N"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447746", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A number of neurological disease complications have been seen following infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). While most person with COVID-19 respiratory disease demonstrate headache, nausea and vomiting, up to 40% present also experience dizziness, confusion, cerebrovascular disease, muscle pain, ataxia and seizures. Loss of taste and smell, defects in visual acuity and pain occur in parallel. Such central nervous system (CNS) signs and symptoms linked to laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection is often life threatening. Health care providers currently evaluating patients with neurologic symptoms need consider COVID-19 in any differential diagnosis. These considerations will facilitate prompt testing, isolation and prevention of viral transmission speeding best clinical outcomes. Graphical Abstract."}, {"pmid": 32512287, "title": "Evaluation of COVID-19 infection in patients with Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD): A report from Iran.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Sahraian, Mohammad Ali", "Azimi, Amirreza", "Navardi, Samira", "Rezaeimanesh, Nasim", "Naser Moghadasi, Abdorreza"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512287", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330224, "pmcid": "PMC7207244", "title": "Ventilator Triage Policies During the COVID-19 Pandemic at U.S. Hospitals Associated With Members of the Association of Bioethics Program Directors.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Matheny Antommaria, Armand H", "Gibb, Tyler S", "McGuire, Amy L", "Wolpe, Paul Root", "Wynia, Matthew K", "Applewhite, Megan K", "Caplan, Arthur", "Diekema, Douglas S", "Hester, D Micah", "Lehmann, Lisa Soleymani", "McLeod-Sordjan, Renee", "Schiff, Tamar", "Tabor, Holly K", "Wieten, Sarah E", "Eberl, Jason T"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330224", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has or threatens to overwhelm health care systems. Many institutions are developing ventilator triage policies. To characterize the development of ventilator triage policies and compare policy content. Survey and mixed-methods content analysis. North American hospitals associated with members of the Association of Bioethics Program Directors. Program directors. Characteristics of institutions and policies, including triage criteria and triage committee membership. Sixty-seven program directors responded (response rate, 91.8%); 36 (53.7%) hospitals did not yet have a policy, and 7 (10.4%) hospitals' policies could not be shared. The 29 institutions providing policies were relatively evenly distributed among the 4 U.S. geographic regions (range, 5 to 9 policies per region). Among the 26 unique policies analyzed, 3 (11.3%) were produced by state health departments. The most frequently cited triage criteria were benefit (25 policies [96.2%]), need (14 [53.8%]), age (13 [50.0%]), conservation of resources (10 [38.5%]), and lottery (9 [34.6%]). Twenty-one (80.8%) policies use scoring systems, and 20 of these (95.2%) use a version of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score. Among the policies that specify the triage team's composition (23 [88.5%]), all require or recommend a physician member, 20 (87.0%) a nurse, 16 (69.6%) an ethicist, 8 (34.8%) a chaplain, and 8 (34.8%) a respiratory therapist. Thirteen (50.0% of all policies) require or recommend those making triage decisions not be involved in direct patient care, but only 2 (7.7%) require that their decisions be blinded to ethically irrelevant considerations. The results may not be generalizable to institutions without academic bioethics programs. Over one half of respondents did not have ventilator triage policies. Policies have substantial heterogeneity, and many omit guidance on fair implementation."}, {"pmid": 32395567, "pmcid": "PMC7211691", "title": "Imaging in corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-A scoping review.", "journal": "Eur J Radiol Open", "authors": ["Jajodia, Ankush", "Ebner, Lukas", "Heidinger, Benedikt", "K, Chaturvedi Arvind", "Prosch, Helmut"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395567", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) originated in the Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in November 2019 and has since been declared a pandemic by the WHO. COVID-19 is an acute infectious disease, primarily affecting the respiratory system. Currently, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) performed on respiratory specimens is considered the reference by which to diagnose COVID-19. However, the limitations of RT-PCR, specifically, the fact that it is time-consuming and inadequate for the assessment of disease severity, have affected the process of epidemiological disease containment and has taken a toll on the healthcare management chain. As the risk of infection for other patients and personnel must be kept to a minimum, the indications for imaging have to be carefully considered. Imaging is primarily performed in patients with a negative RT-PCR, but a high clinical suspicion of COVID-19, or, in patients with diagnosed COVID-19 who are suffering from moderate to severe symptoms. In this article, we review the typical imaging findings in COVID-19, the differential diagnoses, and common complications."}, {"pmid": 32520840, "title": "The Urgent Need to Address Violence Against Health Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Med Care", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Bolanos, Rosibel", "Cartujano-Barrera, Francisco", "Cartujano, Brenda", "Flores, Yvonne N", "Cupertino, Ana Paula", "Gallegos-Carrillo, Katia"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520840", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328170, "pmcid": "PMC7167216", "title": "Isolation protocol for a COVID-2019 patient requiring emergent surgical intervention: case presentation.", "journal": "Patient Saf Surg", "authors": ["Firstenberg, Michael S", "Libby, Matthew", "Ochs, Michael", "Hanna, Jennifer", "Mangino, Julie E", "Forrester, Joseph"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328170", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The concerns of the highly contagious and morbid nature of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-2019) have prompted healthcare workers to implement strict droplet and contact isolation precautions. Unfortunately, some patients who may be or presumptively or confirmed as infected with COVID-2019 may also require emergent surgical procedures. As such, given the high-risk for exposure of many healthcare workers involved the complex requirements for appropriate isolation must be adhered to. We present our experience with a 77-year-old who required emergency cardiac surgery for a presumed acute aortic syndrome in the setting of a presumed, and eventually confirmed, COVID-2019 infection. We outline the necessary steps to maintain strict isolation precautions to limit potential exposure to the surgical Team. We hereby provide our algorithm for emergent surgical procedures in critically-ill patients with presumptive or confirmed infection with COVID-2019. The insights from this case report can potentially be templated to other facilities in order to uphold high standards of infection prevention and patient safety in surgery during the current COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32422287, "pmcid": "PMC7227508", "title": "Ruptured Popliteal Artery Aneurysm Complicated with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Secondary to SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "Ann Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Powezka, Katarzyna", "Khan, Taha", "Narlawar, Ranjeet", "Antoniou, George A"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422287", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We herein report a rare case of the ruptured popliteal artery aneurysm in an 89-year-old man, whose recovery after surgical treatment was complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to confirmed infection with SARS-CoV-2. Presenting symptoms, patient's comorbidities, and postoperative course complicated with cardiac and respiratory failure leading to adverse outcome are discussed in this case report."}, {"pmid": 32427157, "pmcid": "PMC7228375", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019: International public health considerations.", "journal": "J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open", "authors": ["Greene, Christopher J", "Burleson, Samuel L", "Crosby, James C", "Heimann, Matthew A", "Pigott, David C"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427157", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On December 31, 2019, the Chinese government announced an outbreak of a novel coronavirus, recently named COVID-19. During the following weeks the international medical community has witnessed with unprecedented coverage the public health response both domestically by the Chinese government, and on an international scale as cases have spread to dozens of countries. While much regarding the virus and the Chinese public health response is still unknown, national and public health institutions globally are preparing for a pandemic. As cases and spread of the virus grow, emergency and other front-line providers may become more anxious about the possibility of encountering a potential case. This review describes the tenets of a public health response to an infectious outbreak by using recent historical examples and also by characterizing what is known about the ongoing response to the COVID-19 outbreak. The intent of the review is to empower the practitioner to monitor and evaluate the local, national and global public health response to an emerging infectious disease."}, {"pmid": 32421541, "pmcid": "PMC7172670", "title": "Practical strategies for a safe and effective delivery of aerosolized medications to patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Respir Med", "authors": ["Ari, Arzu"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421541", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19, the disease caused by a novel coronavirus and named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread rapidly across the globe. It has caused outbreaks of illness due to person-to-person transmission of the virus mainly via close contacts and droplets produced by an infected person's cough or sneeze. Exhaled droplets from infected patients with COVID-19 can be inhaled into the lungs and leads to respiratory illness such as pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Although aerosol therapy is a mainstay procedure used to treat pulmonary diseases at home and healthcare settings, it has a potential for fugitive emissions during therapy due to the generation of aerosols and droplets as a source of respiratory pathogens. Delivering aerosolized medications to patients with COVID-19 can aggravate the spread of the novel coronavirus. This has been a real concern for caregivers and healthcare professionals who are susceptible to unintended inhalation of fugitive emissions during therapy. Due to a scarcity of information in this area of clinical practice, the purpose of this paper is to explain how to deliver aerosolized medications to mild-, sub-intensive, and intensive-care patients with COVID-19 and how to protect staff from exposure to exhaled droplets during aerosol therapy."}, {"pmid": 32387138, "pmcid": "PMC7199683", "title": "COVID-19-Impact on DNR Orders in the Largest Cancer Center in Jordan.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Shamieh, Omar", "Richardson, Kathryn", "Abdel-Razeq, Hikmat", "Harding, Richard", "Sullivan, Richard", "Mansour, Asem"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387138", "countries": ["Jordan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic requires health care teams to rethink how they can continue to provide high-quality care for all patients, whether they are\u00a0suffering from a COVID-19 infection or other diseases with clinical uncertainty. Although the number of COVID-19 cases in Jordan remains relatively low compared to many other countries, our team introduced significant changes to team operations early, with the aim of protecting patients, families, and health care staff from COVID-19 infections, while preparing to respond to the needs of patients suffering from severe COVID-19 infections. This paper describes the changes made to our \"do not resuscitate\" policy for the duration of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32209502, "pmcid": "PMC7239354", "title": "Novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2: familial spread resulting in COVID-19 pneumonia in a pediatric patient.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Radiol", "authors": ["An, Peng", "Zhang, Min"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209502", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287807, "pmcid": "PMC7131513", "title": "How well prepared are we?", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["MacKenzie, Debora"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287807", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 is rapidly spreading around the world during a period when many healthcare systems are already under pressure, reports Debora MacKenzie."}, {"pmid": 32525389, "title": "A commentary on the Nigerian response to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Oginni, Olakunle A", "Amiola, Ayomipo", "Adelola, Aderopo", "Uchendu, Ugochukwu"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525389", "countries": ["Nigeria"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this commentary, we review the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria and how aspects of the socioeconomic context and responses from the government and general public may contribute to its persistence. We also suggest mechanisms for the adverse mental health impacts of the pandemic and highlight the need for data and strengthening social infrastructure. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32434764, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic and Pediatric Graduate Medical Education.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Chiel, Laura", "Winthrop, Zachary", "S Winn, Ariel"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434764", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473727, "pmcid": "PMC7218390", "title": "Protecting staff and patients during airway management in the COVID-19 pandemic: are intubation boxes safe?", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Gould, Carla L", "Alexander, Peter D G", "Allen, Claire N", "McGrath, Brendan A", "Shelton, Clifford L"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473727", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32326602, "pmcid": "PMC7231166", "title": "Pharmacological Therapeutics Targeting RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase, Proteinase and Spike Protein: From Mechanistic Studies to Clinical Trials for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Huang, Jiansheng", "Song, Wenliang", "Huang, Hui", "Sun, Quancai"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326602", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of novel coronavirus-related pneumonia COVID-19, that was identified in December 2019, has expanded rapidly, with cases now confirmed in more than 211 countries or areas. This constant transmission of a novel coronavirus and its ability to spread from human to human have prompted scientists to develop new approaches for treatment of COVID-19. A recent study has shown that remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the replication and infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2, 2019-nCov) in vitro. In the United States, one case of COVID-19 was successfully treated with compassionate use of remdesivir in January of 2020. In addition, a clinically proven protease inhibitor, camostat mesylate, has been demonstrated to inhibit Calu-3 infection with SARS-CoV-2 and prevent SARS-2-spike protein (S protein)-mediated entry into primary human lung cells. Here, we systemically discuss the pharmacological therapeutics targeting RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), proteinase and S protein for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review should shed light on the fundamental rationale behind inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 enzymes RdRp as new therapeutic approaches for management of patients with COVID-19. In addition, we will discuss the viability and challenges in targeting RdRp and proteinase, and application of natural product quinoline and its analog chloroquine for treatment of coronavirus infection. Finally, determining the structural-functional relationships of the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 will provide new insights into inhibition of interactions between S protein and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and enable us to develop novel therapeutic approaches for novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32353982, "title": "The Ocular Surface and the Coronavirus Disease 2019: Does a Dual 'Ocular Route' Exist?", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Napoli, Pietro Emanuele", "Nioi, Matteo", "d'Aloja, Ernesto", "Fossarello, Maurizio"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353982", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an important health problem that was defined as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020. Although great concern has been expressed about COVID-19 infection acquired through ocular transmission, its underlying mechanism has not currently been clarified. In the current work, we analyzed and elucidated the two main elements that should be taken into account to understand the \"ocular route\", both from a clinical and molecular point of view. They are represented by the dynamism of the ocular surface system (e.g., the tear film turnover) and the distribution of ACE2 receptors and TMPRSS2 protein. Although it seems, at the moment, that there is a low risk of coronavirus spreading through tears, it may survive for a long time or replicate in the conjunctiva, even in absence of conjunctivitis signs, indicating that eye protection (e.g., protective goggles alone or in association with face shield) is advisable to prevent contamination from external droplets and aerosol."}, {"pmid": 32386564, "pmcid": "PMC7252104", "title": "Access to lifesaving medical resources for African countries: COVID-19 testing and response, ethics, and politics.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Kavanagh, Matthew M", "Erondu, Ngozi A", "Tomori, Oyewale", "Dzau, Victor J", "Okiro, Emelda A", "Maleche, Allan", "Aniebo, Ifeyinwa C", "Rugege, Umunya", "Holmes, Charles B", "Gostin, Lawrence O"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386564", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426310, "pmcid": "PMC7204432", "title": "Are Children Most of the Submerged Part of SARS-CoV-2 Iceberg?", "journal": "Front Pediatr", "authors": ["Passanisi, Stefano", "Lombardo, Fortunato", "Salzano, Giuseppina", "Pajno, Giovanni Battista"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426310", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294796, "title": "A Clinical Study of Noninvasive Assessment of Lung Lesions in Patients with Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) by Bedside Ultrasound.", "journal": "Ultraschall Med", "authors": ["Lu, Wuzhu", "Zhang, Shushan", "Chen, Binghui", "Chen, Jiaxin", "Xian, Jianzhong", "Lin, Yuhong", "Shan, Hong", "Su, Zhong Zhen"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294796", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2002This study was conducted to explore the clinical value of noninvasive assessment of bedside ultrasound in the diagnosis of lung lesions of Coronavirus Disease-19. \u2002In this retrospective study, 30 patients with Coronavirus Disease-19 admitted to our hospital from January 18 to February 5, 2020, were selected as the research subjects. All cases were examined by lung ultrasound and CT. Lung lesions were reviewed by blinded observers, with imaging scores being used to analyze the ultrasound findings of lung lesions in patients with Coronavirus Disease-19 and with chest CT being used as the reference standard. The clinical value of ultrasound in the noninvasive assessment of lung lesions was evaluated. \u2002Lung ultrasound signs in patients with Coronavirus Disease-19 were mainly manifested as interstitial pulmonary edema (90.0\u200a%, 27/30) and pulmonary consolidations (20.0\u200a%, 6/30). The lung lesions were mainly distributed in the subpleural and peripheral pulmonary zones. The lower lobe and the dorsal region had a greater tendency to be involved. There was moderate agreement (Kappa\u200a=\u200a0.529) between the noninvasive assessment of bedside ultrasound for lung lesions in patients with Coronavirus Disease-19 and CT. The ultrasound scores to evaluate mild, moderate and severe lung lesions exhibited sensitivity of 68.8\u200a% (11/16), 77.8\u200a% (7/9), 100.0\u200a% (2/2), specificity of 85.7\u200a% (12/14), 76.2\u200a% (16/21), 92.9\u200a% (26/28), and diagnostic accuracy of 76.7\u200a% (23/30), 76.7\u200a% (23/30), 93.3\u200a% (28/30), respectively. The follow-up dynamic ultrasound examination showed that the condition of all patients worsened gradually, with the ultrasound scores of lung lesions increasing to varying degrees. \u2002Though the diagnostic efficacy of bedside ultrasound is relatively low for mild to moderate patients, it is high for severe patients. Bedside ultrasound has important clinical significance for noninvasive assessment and dynamic observation of lung lesions in patients with Coronavirus Disease-19, which is worth further consideration."}, {"pmid": 32346677, "pmcid": "PMC7136701", "title": "Editorial: COVID-19 Spiraling of Frailty in Older Italian Patients.", "journal": "J Nutr Health Aging", "authors": ["Abbatecola, A M", "Antonelli-Incalzi, R"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346677", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433298, "pmcid": "PMC7268858", "title": "Design and Impact of a COVID-19 Multidisciplinary Bundled Procedure Team.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Albutt, Katherine", "Luckhurst, Casey M", "Alba, George A", "Hechi, Majed El", "Mokhtari, Ava", "Breen, Kerry", "Wing, Johnathan", "Akeju, Oluwaseun", "Kalva, Sanjeeva P", "Mullen, John T", "Lillemoe, Keith D", "Kaafarani, Haytham"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433298", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413145, "title": "The Evolving COVID-19 Pandemic: An Update.", "journal": "Pediatr Ann", "authors": ["Hageman, Joseph R"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413145", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383737, "pmcid": "PMC7239225", "title": "The tug-of-war between coagulopathy and anticoagulant agents in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother", "authors": ["Canonico, Mario Enrico", "Siciliano, Roberta", "Scudiero, Fernando", "Sanna, Giuseppe Damiano", "Parodi, Guido"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383737", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277490, "pmcid": "PMC7262344", "title": "SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19) infection: is fetal surgery in times of national disasters reasonable?", "journal": "Prenat Diagn", "authors": ["Deprest, Jan", "Van Ranst, Marc", "Lannoo, Lore", "Bredaki, Emma", "Ryan, Greg", "David, Anna", "Richter, Jute", "Van Mieghem, Tim"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277490", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Even though the global COVID-19 pandemic may affect how medical care is delivered in general, most countries try to maintain steady access for women to routine pregnancy care, including fetal anomaly screening. This means that, also during this pandemic, fetal anomalies will be detected, and that discussions regarding invasive genetic testing and possibly fetal therapy will need to take place. For patients, concerns about Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus 2 will add to the anxiety caused by the diagnosis of a serious fetal anomaly. Yet, also for fetal medicine teams the situation gets more complex as they must weigh up the risks and benefits to the fetus as well as the mother, while managing a changing evidence base and logistic challenges in their healthcare system."}, {"pmid": 32330083, "title": "Pulmonary Embolism in COVID-19 Patients: Awareness of an Increased Prevalence.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Poissy, Julien", "Goutay, Julien", "Caplan, Morgan", "Parmentier, Erika", "Duburcq, Thibault", "Lassalle, Fanny", "Jeanpierre, Emmanuelle", "Rauch, Antoine", "Labreuche, Julien", "Susen, Sophie"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330083", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320540, "title": "[Workers'health and COVID-19].", "journal": "Arch Prev Riesgos Labor", "authors": ["Benavides, Fernando G"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320540", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32209558, "title": "Covid-19: doctors are given new guidelines on when to admit patients to critical care.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209558", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468845, "title": "Emergency Radiology During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Canadian Association of Radiologists Recommendations for Practice.", "journal": "Can Assoc Radiol J", "authors": ["Redmond, Ciaran E", "Nicolaou, Savvas", "Berger, Ferco H", "Sheikh, Adnan M", "Patlas, Michael N"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468845", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the disease caused by the novel coronavirus officially named the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic presents an unprecedented challenge to emergency radiology practice. The continuity of an effective emergency imaging service for both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients is essential, while adhering to best infection control practices. Under the direction of the Board of the Canadian Association of Radiologists, this general guidance document has been synthesized by collaborative consensus of a group of emergency radiologists. These recommendations aim to assist radiologists involved in emergency diagnostic imaging to help mitigate the spread of COVID-19 and continue to add value to patient care in the emergency setting."}, {"pmid": 32411315, "pmcid": "PMC7221365", "title": "Acute asthma management during SARS-CoV2-pandemic 2020.", "journal": "World Allergy Organ J", "authors": ["Levin, Michael", "Morais-Almeida, Mario", "Ansotegui, Ignacio J", "Bernstein, Jonathan", "Chang, Yoon-Seok", "Chikhladze, Manana", "Ebisawa, Motohiro", "Fiocchi, Alessandro", "Heffler, Enrico", "Martin, Bryan", "Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G", "Peden, David", "Wong, Gary W K"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411315", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic has changed many medical practices in order to provide additional protection to both our patients and our healthcare providers. In many cases this includes seeing patients through electronic means such as telehealth or telephone rather than seeing them in person. Asthma exacerbations cannot always be treated in this way. Current emergency unit asthma guidelines recommend bronchodilators be administered by metered dose inhaler (MDI) and spacer for mild-moderate asthma and include it as a choice even in severe asthma, but many emergency units continue to prefer nebulised therapy for patients who urgently require beta-agonists. The utilization of nebulised therapy potentially increases the risk of aerosolization of the coronavirus. Since nosocomial transmission of respiratory pathogens is a major threat in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, use of nebulised therapy is of even greater concern due to the potential increased risk of infection spread to nearby patients and health-care workers. We propose a risk stratification plan that aims to avoid nebulised therapy, when possible, by providing an algorithm to help better delineate those who require nebulised therapy. Protocols that include strategies to allow flexibility in using MDIs rather than nebulisers in all but the most severe patients should help mitigate this risk of aerosolised infection transmission to patients and health care providers. Furthermore, expedient treatment of patients with high dose MDI therapy augmented with more rapid initiation of systemic therapy may help ensure patients are less likely to deteriorate to the stage where nebulisers are required."}, {"pmid": 32354653, "pmcid": "PMC7174153", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: Survey of future use of personal protective equipment in optometric practice.", "journal": "Cont Lens Anterior Eye", "authors": ["Pult, Heiko"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354653", "countries": ["Germany", "Switzerland", "Austria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this project was to evaluate which personal protective equipment (PPE) eye care practitioners (ECP) will use during the next months and also what they will ask the patient to use in clinical practice. A social-media survey was carried out, asking 257 optometrists and opticians in Germany, Austria and Switzerland (i) which PPE they intended to use in the future (after lockdown and before herd immunity and / or vaccine availability) and (ii) what they would ask the patient to do in terms of this. 75 % of the ECPs planned on wearing masks during refractions and 69 % when fitting contact lens. 62 % of the ECPs also expected their patients to wear masks in these tasks. This number is higher than for distance tasks such as fitting frames. Around 90 % of the ECPs would, in addition to hand washing, disinfect their hands and around 80 % expected their patients to do so too. Less than one third of ECPs favoured wearing safety spectacles, gloves and / or protective facial shields. 73 % planed on disinfecting frames after they would have been tried on by customers. In summary, most ECPs planed on continuing to use higher standards of PPE. Those, who intended to wear masks themselves, would ask their patients to also do so, combined with hand disinfection."}, {"pmid": 32452050, "title": "The outlook for diagnostic purposes of the 2019-novel coronavirus disease.", "journal": "J Cell Physiol", "authors": ["Tahmasebi, Safa", "Khosh, Elnaz", "Esmaeilzadeh, Abdolreza"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452050", "countries": ["China", "Brazil"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the end of December 2019, a novel acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) appeared as the third unheard of outbreak of human coronavirus infection in the 21st century. First, in Wuhan, China, the novel SARS-CoV2 was named\u00a0by the World Health Organization (WHO), as\u00a02019-nCOV (COVID-19), and\u00a0spread extremely all over the world. SARS-CoV2 is transmitted to individuals by human-to-human transmission leading to severe viral pneumonia and respiratory system injury. SARS-CoV2 elicits infections from the common cold to severe conditions accompanied by lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and other organ\u00a0destruction. There is a\u00a0possibility of virus transmission from asymptomatic cases as active carriers, in addition to symptomatic ones, which is a crucial crisis of COVID-19 that should be considered. Hence, paying more attention to the accurate and immediate diagnosis of suspected\u00a0and infected cases can be a great help in preventing the rapid spread of the virus, improving the disease prognosis, and controlling the pandemic. In this review, we provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the different types of Clinical and Para-clinical diagnostic methods and their practical features, which can help understand better the applications and capacities of various diagnostic approaches for COVID-19 infected cases."}, {"pmid": 32287806, "pmcid": "PMC7130650", "title": "Covid-19 spreads in US.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["MacKenzie, Debora", "Association, Press"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287806", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Multiple outbreaks worldwide have led to countries stepping up their responses. By Debora MacKenzie and Press Association."}, {"pmid": 32401962, "pmcid": "PMC7199295", "title": "Do we have enough evidence to use chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine as a public health panacea for COVID-19?", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Palmeira, Vitoria Andrade", "Costa, Larissa Braga", "Perez, Lucas Giandoni", "Ribeiro, Victor Teatini", "Lanza, Katharina", "Silva, Ana Cristina Simoes E"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401962", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515699, "title": "[The Agreed Experts' Position of the Eurasian Association of Therapists on Some new Mechanisms of COVID-19 Pathways: Focus on Hemostasis, Hemotransfusion Issues and Blood gas Exchange].", "journal": "Kardiologiia", "authors": ["Arutyunov, G P", "Koziolova, N A", "Tarlovskaya, E I", "Arutyunov, A G", "Grigorjeva, N Yu", "Dzhunusbekova, G A", "Malchikova, S V", "Mitkovskaya, N P", "Orlova, Ya A", "Petrova, M M", "Rebrov, A P", "Sisakyan, A S", "Skibitsky, V V", "Sugraliev, A B", "Fomin, I V", "Chesnikova, A I", "Shaposhnik, I I"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515699", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The article discusses pathogenesis and treatment of COVID-19. The authors presented state-of-the-art insight into hemostatic disorders in patients with COVID-19 and clinical recommendations on prevention of thrombosis and thromboembolism in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. The article discussed in detail a new hypothesis proposed by Chinese physicians about a new component in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, namely, about the effect of SARS-CoV-2 virus on the hemoglobin beta-chain and the formation of a complex with porphyrin, which results in displacement of the iron ion. Thus, hemoglobin loses the capability for transporting oxygen, which aggravates hypoxia and worsens the prognosis. The article stated rules of hemotransfusion safety in the conditions of COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32299959, "title": "Vets can help government tackle Covid-19.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Waters, Adele"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299959", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347920, "pmcid": "PMC7197605", "title": "The Effects of a Novel Global Pandemic (COVID-19) on a Plastic Surgery Department.", "journal": "Aesthet Surg J", "authors": ["Singh, Prateush", "Ponniah, Allan", "Nikkhah, Dariush", "Mosahebi, Afshin"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347920", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423791, "pmcid": "PMC7227608", "title": "COVID-19 (SARS-Cov-2) and the heart - An ominous association.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Revasc Med", "authors": ["Khalid, Nauman", "Chen, Yuefeng", "Case, Brian C", "Shlofmitz, Evan", "Wermers, Jason P", "Rogers, Toby", "Ben-Dor, Itsik", "Waksman, Ron"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423791", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19 are diverse and complex and include acute coronary syndrome, myocarditis masquerading as ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, pericarditis and pericardial effusion. We present 2 cases of COVID-19 infection with myocardial involvement with distinct mechanistic pathways and outcomes. Important decision strategies such as the timing of cardiac catheterization (when indicated) and requirement of early hemodynamic support in critically ill patients are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32360879, "pmcid": "PMC7192079", "title": "Unintended Consequence: Influenza plunges with public health response to COVID-19 in Singapore.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Chow, Angela", "Hein, Aung Aung", "Kyaw, Win Mar"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360879", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32199493, "pmcid": "PMC7158902", "title": "Viral dynamics in mild and severe cases of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Liu, Yang", "Yan, Li-Meng", "Wan, Lagen", "Xiang, Tian-Xin", "Le, Aiping", "Liu, Jia-Ming", "Peiris, Malik", "Poon, Leo L M", "Zhang, Wei"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199493", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425283, "pmcid": "PMC7228691", "title": "Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation timing: A new numerical model for programming and training in the clinical environment.", "journal": "Comput Methods Programs Biomed", "authors": ["De Lazzari, Claudio", "De Lazzari, Beatrice", "Iacovoni, Attilio", "Marconi, Silvia", "Papa, Silvia", "Capoccia, Massimo", "Badagliacca, Roberto", "Vizza, Carmine Dario"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425283", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) is the most widely available device for short-term mechanical circulatory support, often used to wean off cardiopulmonary bypass or combined with extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation support or as a bridge to a left ventricular assist device. Although based on a relatively simple principle, its complex interaction with the cardiovascular system remains challenging and open to debate. The aim of this work was focused on the development of a new numerical model of IABP. The new model was implemented in CARDIOSIM\u00a9, which is a modular software simulator of the cardiovascular system used in research and e-learning environment. The IABP is inserted into the systemic bed divided in aortic, thoracic and two abdominal tracts modelled with resistances, inertances and compliances. The effect induced by the balloon is reproduced in each tract of the aorta by the presence of compliances connected to PIABP generator and resistances. PIABP generator reproduces the balloon pressure with the option to change IABP timing. We have used literature data to validate the potential of this new numerical model. The results have shown that our simulations reproduced the typical effects induced during IABP assistance. We have also simulated the effects induced by the device on the hemodynamic variables when the IABP ratio was set to 1:1, 1:2, 1:4 and 1:8. The outcome of these simulations is in accordance with literature data measured in the clinical environment. The new IABP module is easy to manage and can be used as a training tool in a clinical setting. Although based on literature data, the outcome of the simulations is encouraging. Additional work is ongoing with a view to further validate its features. The configuration of CARDIOSIM\u00a9 presented in this work allows the simulation of the effects induced by mechanical ventilatory assistance. This facility may have significant importance in the management of patients affected by COVID-19 when they require mechanical circulatory support devices."}, {"pmid": 32356583, "pmcid": "PMC7267574", "title": "Brief report: International perspectives on the pediatric COVID-19 experience.", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["Yilmaz, Ozge", "Gochicoa-Rangel, Laura", "Blau, Hannah", "Epaud, Ralph", "Lands, Larry C", "Lombardi, Enrico", "Moore, Paul E", "Stein, Renato T", "Wong, Gary W K", "Zar, Heather J"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356583", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is endangering human health worldwide; scarcity of published pediatric cases and current literature and the absence of evidence-based guidelines necessitate international sharing of experience and personal communication. On 31 March\u00a02020 the International Committee of the American Thoracic Society Pediatrics Assembly recorded an online podcast, during which pediatric pulmonologists worldwide shared their experience on the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in children. The aim was to share personal experience in organizing pediatric care in different health care settings globally, protecting health care workers, and isolation practices. This manuscript summarizes the common themes of the podcast which centered around three main topics: more benign clinical disease and progression in pediatric cases compared to adults, a strong need for strategies to protect health care workers, and social or economic disparities as a barrier to successful pandemic control."}, {"pmid": 32406090, "pmcid": "PMC7272960", "title": "Editorial: increasing IBD prevalence and its complications in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Authors' reply.", "journal": "Aliment Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["King, Dominic Stephen", "Trudgill, Nigel John", "Adderley, Nicola J"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406090", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32486380, "title": "The Impact of COVID-19 on Physical Activity Behavior and Well-Being of Canadians.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Lesser, Iris A", "Nienhuis, Carl P"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486380", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A global pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) resulted in restrictions to daily living for Canadians, including social distancing and closure of city and provincial recreation facilities, national parks and playgrounds. The objective of this study was to assess how these preemptive measures impacted physical activity behaviour and well-being of Canadians. An online survey was utilized to measure participant physical activity behavior, nature exposure, well-being and anxiety levels. Results indicate that while 40.5% of inactive individuals became less active, only 22.4% of active individuals became less active. Comparatively, 33% of inactive individuals became more active while 40.3% of active individuals became more active. There were significant differences in well-being outcomes in the inactive population between those who were more active, the same or less active (p < 0.001) but this was not seen in the active population. Inactive participants who spent more time engaged in outdoor physical activity had lower anxiety than those who spent less time in outdoor physical activity. Public health measures differentially affected Canadians who were active and inactive and physical activity was strongly associated with well-being outcomes in inactive individuals. This suggests that health promoting measures directed towards inactive individuals may be essential to improving well-being."}, {"pmid": 32391998, "title": "[The first 29 COVID-19-patients in a clinic: early experiences from a Dutch hospital].", "journal": "Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd", "authors": ["Van der Moeren, N", "Talman, S", "van den Bijllaardt, W", "Kant, M", "Heukels, P", "Bentvelsen, R G", "Loth, D W"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391998", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Netherlands"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 disease is of pandemic proportions and reached the Netherlands on February 27 2020. Here we present the first Dutch cohort of 29 hospitalized patients during the first two weeks of the epidemic in the Netherlands. Demographic characteristics of patients, clinical presentation and course of disease up to the moment of analysis showed similarity with what has been described in Chinese and Italian literature. However the higher proportion of patients presenting with gastro-intestinal symptoms and the high number of patients with overweight and obesity stood out. Based on the experience in our hospital very early on in the epidemic COVID-19 impresses as a severe illness with risk of acute respiratory deterioration."}, {"pmid": 32385524, "pmcid": "PMC7206413", "title": "New device and technique to protect intubation operators against COVID-19.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Chen, Chaojin", "Shen, Ning", "Li, Xiaoyun", "Zhang, Qi", "Hei, Ziqing"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385524", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498065, "title": "Neonates Hospitalized with Community-Acquired SARS-CoV-2 in a Colorado Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.", "journal": "Neonatology", "authors": ["White, Alicia", "Mukherjee, Priya", "Stremming, Jane", "Sherlock, Laura G", "Reynolds, Regina M", "Smith, Danielle", "Asturias, Edwin J", "Grover, Theresa R", "Dietz, Robert M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498065", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) has been well described in adults. Further, the impact on older children and during the perinatal time is becoming better studied. As community spread increases, it is important to recognize that neonates are vulnerable to community spread as well. The impact that community-acquired SARS-CoV-2 has in the neonatal time period is unclear, as this population has unique immunity considerations. To report on a case series of SARS-CoV-2 in neonates through community acquisition in the USA. This is an early retrospective study of patients admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) identified as having SAR-CoV-2 through positive real-time polymerase chain reaction assay of nasopharyngeal swabs. Three patients who required admission to the NICU between the ages of 17 and 33 days old were identified. All 3 had ill contacts in the home or had been to the pediatrician and presented with mild to moderate symptoms including fever, rhinorrhea, and hypoxia, requiring supplemental oxygen during their hospital stay. One patient was admitted with neutropenia, and the other 2 patients became neutropenic during hospitalization. None of the patients had meningitis or multiorgan failure. Infants with community-acquired SARS-CoV-2 may require hospitalization due to rule-out sepsis guidelines if found to have fever and/or hypoxia. Caregivers of neonates should exercise recommended guidelines before contact with neonates to limit community spread of SARS-CoV-2 to this potentially vulnerable population, including isolation, particularly as asymptomatic cases become prevalent."}, {"pmid": 32355051, "pmcid": "PMC7202123", "title": "Evidence of short-range aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and call for universal airborne precautions for anesthesiologists during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Banik, Ratan K", "Ulrich, Angela K"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355051", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478706, "title": "Severe COVID-19 Cases: Is Respiratory Distress Partially Explained by Central Nervous System Involvement?", "journal": "MEDICC Rev", "authors": ["Machado-Curbelo, Calixto"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478706", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The main characteristics and challenging symptoms of COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, are related to re-spiratory distress. Although most patients have mild symptoms such as fever, headache, cough, myalgia and anosmia, some develop acute respiratory distress syndrome, leading to death in many cases. Human coronavirus (CoVs) were responsible for two previ-ous worldwide outbreaks: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV). Several reports of these outbreaks demonstrated that these diseases affected the central nervous system (CNS).[1] Thus, for the current COVID-19 pandemic, a crucial question arises: does CNS affection at least partially explain the respiratory distress commonly found in these patients?"}, {"pmid": 32436422, "title": "Men and COVID-19: Adding a gender lens.", "journal": "Glob Public Health", "authors": ["Betron, Myra", "Gottert, Ann", "Pulerwitz, Julie", "Shattuck, Dominick", "Stevanovic-Fenn, Natacha"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436422", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this commentary, the authors point out that there are important gender determinants to both men's and women's vulnerabilities to COVID-19, and call on the global health community to unpack and address these early in the COVID-19 pandemic response. They point to best practices and tools from two decades of engaging men in research and programming in the sexual and reproductive health field."}, {"pmid": 32428225, "title": "Supporting the well-being of healthcare workers during and after COVID-19.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Kinman, Gail", "Teoh, Kevin", "Harriss, Anne"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428225", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507366, "title": "Scientific Publications During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Sepulveda-Vildosola, Ana Carolina", "Mejia-Arangure, Juan Manuel", "Barrera-Cruz, Carolina", "Fuentes-Morales, Natxieli Alexandra", "Rodriguez-Zeron, Carlos"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507366", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384004, "title": "Systems Barriers to Assessment and Treatment of COVID-19 Positive Patients at the End of Life.", "journal": "J Palliat Med", "authors": ["Pahuja, Meera", "Wojcikewych, Devon"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384004", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic is changing how we deliver expert palliative care. We can expect many to die prematurely secondary to COVID-19 across the United States. We present a case of how several hospital systems-based interventions, intended to slow viral spread and to protect health care workers, have inadvertently created barriers to routine palliative interventions in this patient population. Isolation of patients, limitation of visitors and interdisciplinary support, and changes in nursing and provider assessment have all had their impact on how we deliver palliative care. These barriers have altered many aspects of our established workflow and algorithms for care, including changes in communication, goals of care discussions, how providers and nurses are monitoring for symptoms, and end-of-life monitoring. These challenges required real-time solutions such as technology utilization, proposing a change in medical delivery systems, and reducing redundancy to preserve personal protective equipment. To continue to deliver quality care for this patient population, palliative medicine must adapt quickly."}, {"pmid": 32476504, "title": "The five \"W\" of cognitive telerehabilitation in the Covid-19 era.", "journal": "Expert Rev Med Devices", "authors": ["Maggio, Maria Grazia", "De Luca, Rosaria", "Manuli, Alfredo", "Calabro, Rocco Salvatore"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476504", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391520, "pmcid": "PMC7206425", "title": "Placental abruption in a twin pregnancy at 32 weeks' gestation complicated by COVID-19, without vertical transmission to the babies.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM", "authors": ["Kuhrt, Katy", "McMicking, Jess", "Nanda, Surabhi", "Nelson-Piercy, Catherine", "Shennan, Andrew"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391520", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32075786, "pmcid": "PMC7224340", "title": "Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Xu, Xiao-Wei", "Wu, Xiao-Xin", "Jiang, Xian-Gao", "Xu, Kai-Jin", "Ying, Ling-Jun", "Ma, Chun-Lian", "Li, Shi-Bo", "Wang, Hua-Ying", "Zhang, Sheng", "Gao, Hai-Nv", "Sheng, Ji-Fang", "Cai, Hong-Liu", "Qiu, Yun-Qing", "Li, Lan-Juan"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32075786", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To study the clinical characteristics of patients in Zhejiang province, China, infected with the 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-2019). Retrospective case series. Seven hospitals in Zhejiang province, China. 62 patients admitted to hospital with laboratory confirmed SARS-Cov-2 infection. Data were collected from 10 January 2020 to 26 January 2020. Clinical data, collected using a standardised case report form, such as temperature, history of exposure, incubation period. If information was not clear, the working group in Hangzhou contacted the doctor responsible for treating the patient for clarification. Of the 62 patients studied (median age 41 years), only one was admitted to an intensive care unit, and no patients died during the study. According to research, none of the infected patients in Zhejiang province were ever exposed to the Huanan seafood market, the original source of the virus; all studied cases were infected by human to human transmission. The most common symptoms at onset of illness were fever in 48 (77%) patients, cough in 50 (81%), expectoration in 35 (56%), headache in 21 (34%), myalgia or fatigue in 32 (52%), diarrhoea in 3 (8%), and haemoptysis in 2 (3%). Only two patients (3%) developed shortness of breath on admission. The median time from exposure to onset of illness was 4 days (interquartile range 3-5 days), and from onset of symptoms to first hospital admission was 2 (1-4) days. As of early February 2020, compared with patients initially infected with SARS-Cov-2 in Wuhan, the symptoms of patients in Zhejiang province are relatively mild."}, {"pmid": 32181577, "pmcid": "PMC7132190", "title": "The spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus: Health agencies worldwide prepare for the seemingly inevitability of the COVID-19 coronavirus becoming endemic.", "journal": "EMBO Rep", "authors": ["Hunter, Philip"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32181577", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While it is too late to confine the COVID-19 coronovirus outbreak to China, a wealth of data spurs epidemiological and vaccine research."}, {"pmid": 32196087, "pmcid": "PMC7184407", "title": "SARS-CoV2: should inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system be withdrawn in patients with COVID-19?", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Kuster, Gabriela M", "Pfister, Otmar", "Burkard, Thilo", "Zhou, Qian", "Twerenbold, Raphael", "Haaf, Philip", "Widmer, Andreas F", "Osswald, Stefan"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196087", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240291, "pmcid": "PMC7138333", "title": "When Epidemics Collide: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the Opioid Crisis.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Becker, William C", "Fiellin, David A"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240291", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32219057, "pmcid": "PMC7094941", "title": "The SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Pipeline: an Overview.", "journal": "Curr Trop Med Rep", "authors": ["Chen, Wen-Hsiang", "Strych, Ulrich", "Hotez, Peter J", "Bottazzi, Maria Elena"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219057", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The goal of this review is to provide a timely overview on efforts to develop a vaccine for the 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Previous research efforts to develop a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) vaccine in the years following the 2003 pandemic have opened the door for investigators to design vaccine concepts and approaches for the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 exhibit a high degree of genetic similarity and bind to the same host cell ACE2 receptor. Based on previous experience with SARS-CoV vaccines, it is expected that all COVID-19 vaccines will require careful safety evaluations for immunopotentiation that could lead to increased infectivity or eosinophilic infiltration. Besides this, a COVID-19 vaccine target product profile must address vaccinating at-risk human populations including frontline healthcare workers, individuals over the age of 60, and those with underlying and debilitating chronic conditions. Among the vaccine technologies under evaluation are whole virus vaccines, recombinant protein subunit vaccines, and nucleic acid vaccines. Each current vaccine strategy has distinct advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, it is paramount that multiple strategies be advanced quickly and then evaluated for safety and efficacy. Ultimately, the safety studies to minimize undesired immunopotentiation will become the most significant bottleneck in terms of time."}, {"pmid": 32497244, "title": "Assessing the skillset of surgeons facing the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Farid, Y", "Kapila, A K", "Schettino, M", "Ortiz, S", "Vermylen, O", "Wauthy, P", "Hamdi, M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497244", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482654, "title": "Are patients with systemic lupus erythematosus at increased risk of severe COVID-19?", "journal": "J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Favalli, Ennio Giulio", "Agape, Elena", "Caporali, Roberto"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482654", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We thank So for the interest in our letter and for sharing the results about COVID-19 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Hong Kong (1). We agree that the quantification of the risk of infection with severe acute respiratory coronaviruses- 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in SLE patients is a major concern."}, {"pmid": 32507006, "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore: what does it mean for arthroplasty?", "journal": "Acta Orthop", "authors": ["Decruz, Joshua", "Prabhakar, Sumanth", "Ding, Benjamin Tze Kiong", "Kunnasegaran, Remesh"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507006", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background and purpose - The ongoing Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has taken a toll on healthcare systems around the world. This has led to guidelines advising against elective procedures, which includes elective arthroplasty. Despite arthroplasty being an elective procedure, some arthroplasties are arguably essential, as pain or functional impairment maybe devastating for patients, especially during this difficult period. We describe our experience as the Division of Arthroplasty in the hospital at the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore.Patients and methods - The number of COVID-19 cases reported both nationwide and at our institution from February 2020 to date were reviewed. We then collated the number of arthroplasties that we were able to cope with on a weekly basis and charted it against the number of new COVID-19 cases admitted to our institution and the prevalence of COVID-19 within the Singapore population.Results - During the COVID-19 pandemic period, a significant decrease in the volume of arthroplasties was seen. 47 arthroplasties were performed during the pandemic period from February to April, with a weekly average of 5 cases. This was a 74% reduction compared with our institutional baseline. The least number of surgeries were performed during early periods of the pandemic. This eventually rose to a maximum of 47% of our baseline numbers. Throughout this period, no cases of COVID-19 infection were reported amongst the orthopedic inpatients at our institution.Interpretation - During the early periods of the pandemic, careful planning was required to evaluate the pandemic situation and gauge our resources and manpower. Our study illustrates the number of arthroplasties that can potentially be done relative to the disease curve. This could serve as a guide to reinstating arthroplasty as the pandemic dies down. However, it is prudent to note that these situations are widely dynamic and frequent re-evaluation is required to secure patient and healthcare personnel safety, while ensuring appropriate care is delivered."}, {"pmid": 32458042, "pmcid": "PMC7250260", "title": "The Impact of COVID-19 on Plastic Surgery Residency Training.", "journal": "Aesthetic Plast Surg", "authors": ["Zingaretti, Nicola", "Contessi Negrini, Filippo", "Tel, Alessandro", "Tresoldi, Marco Mario", "Bresadola, Vittorio", "Parodi, Pier Camillo"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458042", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nowadays didactic and surgical activities for residents in the surgery field are less and less due to an increasing burden of documentation and \"non-educational work.\" Considering the current lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it has never been so important to find different ways to allow residents to improve their knowledge. We asked all plastic and esthetic surgery residents in our country to fill out a questionnaire to investigate changes in their didactical activity and analyze problems about their professional growth in the last few months. From the results of such questionnaires, we found that most of the residents feel the decrease in surgical activities during this time is a detrimental factor for their training and that even if all the schools have changed their didactical activities no school has introduced the use of virtual simulators to compensate for the decrease in surgical practice. Actually, the majority of residents use webinars to keep updated, stating that such technologies are useful but not sufficient to analyze plastic surgery topics in depth during COVID-19 lockdown. Virtual interactive tools are well known in different clinical and surgical specialties, and they are considered as a valid support, but it seems that in plastic surgery they are not so used. According to the most recent studies about residents' didactical program, we have investigated the potential of Anatomage Table in combination with Touch Surgery application as physical and mental aids to bypass the decreased number and kind of surgical interventions performed in this particular time. Anatomage is an academic user-friendly touch screen table; it is used by both medical students and residents to learn human anatomy and to master surgical anatomy. Touch Surgery is an application available on smartphones and tablets that gives the possibility to watch real and virtually designed surgical videos, accompanied by explanatory comments on the surgical phases; they are interactive and give the possibility to check what you have learned through tests administered after virtual classes. In our opinion, these tools represent reliable solutions to improve plastic residents' training, mostly during the COVID-19 pandemic. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266."}, {"pmid": 32508070, "title": "Psychosocial Support during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Korea: Activities of Multidisciplinary Mental Health Professionals.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Hyun, Jinhee", "You, Sungeun", "Sohn, Sunju", "Kim, Seok Joo", "Bae, Jeongyee", "Baik, Myungjae", "Cho, In Hee", "Choi, Hyunjung", "Choi, Kyeong Sook", "Chung, Chan Seung", "Jeong, Chanyoung", "Joo, Hyesun", "Kim, Eunji", "Kim, Heeguk", "Kim, Hyun Soo", "Ko, Jinsun", "Lee, Jung Hyun", "Lee, Sang Min", "Lee, So Hee", "Chung, Un Sun"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508070", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of April 18, 2020, there have been a total of 10,653 confirmed cases and 232 deaths due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Korea. The pathogen spread quickly, and the outbreak caused nationwide anxiety and shock. This study presented the anecdotal records that provided a detailed process of the multidisciplinary teamwork in mental health during the COVID-19 outbreak in the country. Psychosocial support is no less important than infection control during an epidemic, and collaboration and networking are at the core of disaster management. Thus, a multidisciplinary team of mental health professionals was immediately established and has collaborated effectively with its internal and external stakeholders for psychosocial support during the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32371560, "title": "PAP therapy increases the risk of transmission of COVID-19.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Lance, Colleen G"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371560", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy is an open system that can generate contact, droplet, and airborne COVID-19 thereby increasing the risk of transmission of COVID-19 like other procedures such as tracheal intubation, noninvasive ventilation, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Medically prudent recommendations have been established for home use of PAP therapy in asymptomatic patients and patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. Recommendations for sleep clinics and sleep laboratory activities are also discussed as well as the emergency use of PAP devices as a substitute for ventilation."}, {"pmid": 32417379, "pmcid": "PMC7224644", "title": "Unique Patterns of Cardiovascular Involvement in Coronavirus Disease-2019.", "journal": "J Card Fail", "authors": ["Hendren, Nicholas S", "Grodin, Justin L", "Drazner, Mark H"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417379", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476793, "pmcid": "PMC7243650", "title": "Liver diseases in COVID-19: Etiology, treatment and prognosis.", "journal": "World J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Wu, Jian", "Song, Shu", "Cao, Hong-Cui", "Li, Lan-Juan"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476793", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified in Wuhan, China causing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Numerous studies have shown varying degrees of liver damage in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, in previous case studies of COVID-19, the exact cause of liver injury has not been clearly elucidated, nor is there clear evidence of the interaction between liver injury and COVID-19. This study will analyze the causes of liver injury in COVID-19 and the influence of liver-related complications on the treatment and prognosis of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32496919, "title": "Serodiagnostics for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus-2: A Narrative Review.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Cheng, Matthew P", "Yansouni, Cedric P", "Basta, Nicole E", "Desjardins, Michael", "Kanjilal, Sanjat", "Paquette, Katryn", "Caya, Chelsea", "Semret, Makeda", "Quach, Caroline", "Libman, Michael", "Mazzola, Laura", "Sacks, Jilian A", "Dittrich, Sabine", "Papenburg, Jesse"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496919", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Accurate serologic tests to detect host antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) will be critical for the public health response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Many use cases are envisaged, including complementing molecular methods for diagnosis of active disease and estimating immunity for individuals. At the population level, carefully designed seroepidemiologic studies will aid in the characterization of transmission dynamics and refinement of disease burden estimates and will provide insight into the kinetics of humoral immunity. Yet, despite an explosion in the number and availability of serologic assays to test for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, most have undergone minimal external validation to date. This hinders assay selection and implementation, as well as interpretation of study results. In addition, critical knowledge gaps remain regarding serologic correlates of protection from infection or disease, and the degree to which these assays cross-react with antibodies against related coronaviruses. This article discusses key use cases for SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection tests and their application to serologic studies, reviews currently available assays, highlights key areas of ongoing research, and proposes potential strategies for test implementation."}, {"pmid": 32425484, "pmcid": "PMC7229925", "title": "[Scoping review about the recommendations for home isolation in the COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "Enferm Clin", "authors": ["Abad-Corpa, Eva", "Sanchez-Lopez, Dolores", "Moreno-Casbas, Maria Teresa"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425484", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has affected countries on all continents where containment and isolation measures have been systematically applied. To synthesize the available evidence on the management of home isolation due to COVID-19 infection. A scoping review has been carried out using the Trip Database, PUBMED, CINAHL, COCHRANE and Scopus controlled language without any limits. From all the documents located, information was extracted on the date of publication, country of publication, type of study, assessment of the level of evidence and degree of recommendation, and results of interest to answer the research question. Critical reading of the selected documents has been carried out, but without using it as an exclusion criterion but rather informative. 163 records were located and 14 were selected. The recommendations have been grouped into 10 topics around all the daily management of home care. The scarcity of robust evidence on isolation from COVID-19 infection is objective. Most of the documents are reviews carried out after the consensus of experts at the international level."}, {"pmid": 32489523, "pmcid": "PMC7241533", "title": "Screening for consequences of trauma - an update on the global collaboration on traumatic stress.", "journal": "Eur J Psychotraumatol", "authors": ["Olff, Miranda", "Bakker, Anne", "Frewen, Paul", "Aakvaag, Helene", "Ajdukovic, Dean", "Brewer, Douglas", "Elmore Borbon, Diane L", "Cloitre, Marylene", "Hyland, Philip", "Kassam-Adams, Nancy", "Knefel, Matthias", "Lanza, Juliana A", "Lueger-Schuster, Brigitte", "Nickerson, Angela", "Oe, Misari", "Pfaltz, Monique C", "Salgado, Carolina", "Seedat, Soraya", "Wagner, Anne", "Schnyder, Ulrich"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489523", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This letter provides an update on the activities of \"The Global Collaboration on Traumatic Stress\" (GC-TS) as first described by Schnyder et al. in 2017. It presents in further detail the projects of the first theme, in particular the development of and initial data on the Global Psychotrauma Screen (GPS), a brief instrument designed to screen for the wide range of potential outcomes of trauma. English language data and ongoing studies in several languages provide a first indication that the GPS is a feasible, reliable and valid tool, a tool that may be very useful in the current pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Further multi-language and cross-cultural validation is needed. Since the start of the GC-TS, new themes have been introduced to focus on in the coming years: a) Forcibly displaced persons, b) Global prevalence of stress and trauma related disorders, c) Socio-emotional development across cultures, and d) Collaborating to make traumatic stress research data \"FAIR\". The most recent theme added is that of Global crises, currently focusing on COVID-19-related projects."}, {"pmid": 32366178, "title": "Defining Essential Services for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Pattisapu, Prasanth", "Evans, Sean S", "Noble, Anisha R", "Norton, Susan J", "Ou, Henry C", "Sie, Kathleen C Y", "Horn, David L"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366178", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a rapidly growing global pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus. With no vaccine or definitive treatment, public health authorities have recommended a strategy of \"social distancing,\" reducing individual interaction, canceling elective procedures, and limiting nonessential services. Health care providers must determine what procedures are considered \"elective,\" balancing risk of treatment delays with that of coronavirus exposure to patient, family, and providers. Given critical periods for language development and the long-term impact of auditory deprivation, some audiologic and otologic services should be considered essential. In this article, we describe the experience of a quaternary referral pediatric hospital in Seattle, the epicenter of COVID-19 in the United States, and share strategies for risk minimization employed by Seattle Children's Hospital. We hope that this work can be a reference for other centers continuing care for children who are deaf and hard of hearing during the COVID-19 and future resource-limiting crises."}, {"pmid": 32422152, "pmcid": "PMC7227593", "title": "Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in severe COVID-19: A retrospective study of short-term treatment efficacy and side effects.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Chen, Xian", "Shan, Yuheng", "Wen, Yingyu", "Sun, Jia", "Du, Haike"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422152", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325035, "pmcid": "PMC7172613", "title": "Plea for multitargeted interventions for severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Gaborit, Benjamin Jean", "Bergmann, Jean-Francois", "Mussini, Cristina", "Arribas, Jose Ramon", "Behrens, Georg", "Walmsley, Sharon", "Pozniak, Anton", "Raffi, Francois"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325035", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350545, "pmcid": "PMC7190392", "title": "Chest computed tomography in children with COVID-19.", "journal": "Pediatr Radiol", "authors": ["Mungmunpuntipantip, Rujittika", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350545", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278703, "pmcid": "PMC7194870", "title": "Preventing the transmission of COVID-19 amongst healthcare workers.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Tan, L F"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278703", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32172227, "title": "Laboratory abnormalities in children with novel coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Henry, Brandon Michael", "Lippi, Giuseppe", "Plebani, Mario"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32172227", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238084, "pmcid": "PMC7157948", "title": "Vertical Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) from Infected Pregnant Mothers to Neonates: A Review.", "journal": "Fetal Pediatr Pathol", "authors": ["Karimi-Zarchi, Mojgan", "Neamatzadeh, Hossein", "Dastgheib, Seyed Alireza", "Abbasi, Hajar", "Mirjalili, Seyed Reza", "Behforouz, Athena", "Ferdosian, Farzad", "Bahrami, Reza"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238084", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: Since early December 2019, the Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) infection has been prevalent in China and eventually spread to other countries. There are a few published cases of COVID-19 occurring during pregnancy and due the possibility of mother-fetal vertical transmission, there is a concern that the fetuses may be at risk of congenital COVID-19. Methods: We reviewed the risk of vertical transmission of COVID-19 to the fetus of infected mothers by using data of published articles or official websites up to March 4, 2020. Results: A total of 31 infected pregnant mothers with COVID-19 were reported. No COVID-19 infection was detected in their neonates or placentas. Two mothers died from COVID-19-related respiratory complications after delivery. Conclusions: Currently, based on limited data, there is no evidence for intrauterine transmission of COVID-19 from infected pregnant women to their fetuses. Mothers may be at increased risk for more severe respiratory complications."}, {"pmid": 32491053, "title": "Diabetes and covid-19: more than the sum of two morbidities.", "journal": "Rev Saude Publica", "authors": ["Pititto, Bianca de Almeida", "Ferreira, Sandra Roberta G"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491053", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic has caused a public health emergency worldwide. Risk, severity and mortality of the disease have been associated with non-communicable chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus. Accumulated evidence has caused great concern in countries with high prevalence of this morbidity, such as Brazil. This text shows the picture of diabetes in Brazil, followed by epidemiological data and explanatory hypothesis for the association between diabetes and covid-19. We emphasized how the burden of these two morbidities in a middle-income country has aggravated this pandemic scenario. The comprehension of this association and biological plausibility may help face this pandemic and future challenges."}, {"pmid": 32175068, "pmcid": "PMC7050215", "title": "Exported Wuhan Novel Coronavirus Infection: An Expected Rate with Reference to Main Destination of Chinese Tourist, Thailand.", "journal": "Int J Prev Med", "authors": ["Yasri, Sora", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32175068", "countries": ["Thailand"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32218151, "pmcid": "PMC7232164", "title": "Structural Genomics of SARS-CoV-2 Indicates Evolutionary Conserved Functional Regions of Viral Proteins.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Srinivasan, Suhas", "Cui, Hongzhu", "Gao, Ziyang", "Liu, Ming", "Lu, Senbao", "Mkandawire, Winnie", "Narykov, Oleksandr", "Sun, Mo", "Korkin, Dmitry"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32218151", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During its first two and a half months, the recently emerged 2019 novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has already infected over one-hundred thousand people worldwide and has taken more than four thousand lives. However, the swiftly spreading virus also caused an unprecedentedly rapid response from the research community facing the unknown health challenge of potentially enormous proportions. Unfortunately, the experimental research to understand the molecular mechanisms behind the viral infection and to design a vaccine or antivirals is costly and takes months to develop. To expedite the advancement of our knowledge, we leveraged data about the related coronaviruses that is readily available in public databases and integrated these data into a single computational pipeline. As a result, we provide comprehensive structural genomics and interactomics roadmaps of SARS-CoV-2 and use this information to infer the possible functional differences and similarities with the related SARS coronavirus. All data are made publicly available to the research community."}, {"pmid": 32441394, "title": "Is the ultrasonic scalpel recommended in head and neck surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic? State-of-the-art review.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Mayo-Yanez, Miguel", "Calvo-Henriquez, Christian", "Lechien, Jerome R", "Fakhry, Nicolas", "Ayad, Tareck", "Chiesa-Estomba, Carlos M"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441394", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Guidelines for ultrasonic devices use are imperative because infectious aerosols arising from airway procedures were a key etiologic factor in prior coronavirus outbreaks. This manuscript aims to summarize the available recommendations and the most relevant concepts about the use of ultrasonic scalpel during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Literature review of manuscripts with patients, animal models, or in vitro studies where the ultrasonic scalpel was used and the plume produced was analyzed in a quantitative and/ or qualitative way. Activated devices with tissue produce a biphasic bioaerosol composed (size 68.3-994\u2009nm) of tissue particles, blood, intact and no viable cells, and carcinogenic or irritant hydrocarbons (benzene, ethylbenzene, styrene, toluene, heptene, and methylpropene). It is imperative to use an active smoke evacuator, to avoid ultrasonic scalpel use in COVID-19 positive patients and in upper airway surgery, as well as to follow the protection recommendations of the guidelines for management this type of patients."}, {"pmid": 32527381, "title": "Alcohol Policy and Coronavirus: An Open Research Agenda.", "journal": "J Stud Alcohol Drugs", "authors": ["Monteiro, Maristela G", "Rehm, Jurgen", "Duennbier, Maik"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527381", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338052, "title": "Caution: Wit and Humor During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Foot Ankle Int", "authors": ["Chiodo, Christopher P", "Broughton, Kimberly K", "Michalski, Max P"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338052", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343363, "pmcid": "PMC7267583", "title": "A Health System Response to COVID-19 in Long-Term Care and Post-Acute Care: A Three-Phase Approach.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Kim, Gina", "Wang, Mengru", "Pan, Hanh", "H Davidson, Giana", "Roxby, Alison C", "Neukirch, Jen", "Lei, Danna", "Hawken-Dennis, Elicia", "Simpson, Louise", "D Ong, Thuan"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343363", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Seattle, WA, area was ground zero for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Its initial emergence in a skilled nursing facility (SNF) not only highlighted the vulnerability of its patients and residents, but also the limited clinical support that led to national headlines. Furthermore, the coronavirus pandemic heightened the need for improved collaboration among healthcare organizations and local and state public health. The University of Washington Medicine's (UWM's) Post-Acute Care (PAC) Network developed and implemented a three-phase approach within its pre-existing network of SNFs to help slow the spread of the disease, support local area SNFs from becoming overwhelmed when inundated with COVID-19 cases or persons under investigation, and help decrease the burden on area hospitals, clinics, and emergency medical services. Support of local area SNFs consisted of the following phases that were implemented at various times as COVID-19 impacted each facility at different times. Initial Phase: This phase was designed to (1) optimize communication, (2) review infection control practices, and (3) create a centralized process to track and test the target population. Delayed Phase: The goals of the Delayed Phase were to slow the spread of the disease once it is present in the SNF by providing consistent education and reinforcing infection prevention and control practices to all staff. Surge Phase: This phase aimed to prepare facilities in response to an outbreak by deploying a \"Drop Team\" within 24 hours to the facility to expeditiously test patients and exposed employees, triage symptomatic patients, and coordinate care and supplies with local public health authorities. The COVID-19 Three-Phase Response Plan provides a standardized model of care that may be implemented by other health systems and SNFs to help prepare and respond to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32266828, "title": "Electrolyte imbalances in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Ann Clin Biochem", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "South, Andrew M", "Henry, Brandon Michael"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266828", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Early studies have reported various electrolyte abnormalities at admission in patients who progress to the severe form of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As electrolyte imbalance may not only impact patient care, but provide insight into the pathophysiology of COVID-19, we aimed to analyse all early data reported on electrolytes in COVID-19 patients with and without severe form. An electronic search of Medline (PubMed interface), Scopus and Web of Science was performed for articles comparing electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride and calcium) between COVID-19 patients with and without severe disease. A pooled analysis was performed to estimate the weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval. Five studies with a total sample size of 1415 COVID-19 patients. Sodium was significantly lower in patients with severe COVID-19 (WMD: -0.91\u2009mmol/L [95% CI: -1.33 to -0.50\u2009mmol/L]). Similarly, potassium was also significantly lower in COVID-19 patients with severe disease (WMD: -0.12\u2009mmol/L [95% CI: -0.18 to -0.07\u2009mmol/L], I2=33%). For chloride, no statistical differences were observed between patients with severe and non-severe COVID-19 (WMD: 0.30\u2009mmol/L [95% CI: -0.41 to 1.01\u2009mmol/L]). For calcium, a statistically significant lower concentration was noted in patients with severe COVID-19 (WMD: -0.20\u2009mmol/L [95% CI: -0.25 to -0.20\u2009mmol/L]). This pooled analysis confirms that COVID-19 severity is associated with lower serum concentrations of sodium, potassium and calcium. We recommend electrolytes be measured at initial presentation and serially monitored during hospitalization in order to establish timely and appropriate corrective actions."}, {"pmid": 32342140, "pmcid": "PMC7185264", "title": "Returning to orthopaedic business as usual after COVID-19: strategies and options.", "journal": "Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc", "authors": ["de Caro, Francesca", "Hirschmann, Thomas Michael", "Verdonk, Peter"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342140", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this manuscript is to review the available strategies in the international literature to efficiently and safely return to both normal orthopaedic surgical activities and to normal outpatient clinical activities in the aftermath of a large epidemic or pandemic. This information would be beneficial to adequately reorganize outpatient clinics and hospitals to provide the highest possible level of orthopaedic care to our patients in a safe and efficient manner. A literature search was performed for relevant research articles. In addition, the World Health Organisation (WHO), the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC), American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), the EU CDC and other government health agency websites were searched for any relevant information. In particular, interest was paid to strategies and advise on managing the orthopaedic patient flow during outpatient clinics as well as surgical procedures including the necessary safety measures, while still providing a high-quality patient experience. The obtained information is provided as a narrative review. There was not any specific literature concerning the organization of an outpatient clinic and surgical activities and the particular challenges in dealing with a high-volume practice, in the afterwave of a pandemic. As the COVID-19 crisis has abruptly halted most of the orthopaedic activities both in the outpatient clinic and the operating room, a progressive start-up scenario needs to be planned. The exact timing largely depends on factors outside of our control. After restrictions will be lifted, clinical and surgical volume will progressively increase. This paper offers key points and possible strategies to provide the highest level of safety to both the orthopaedic patient and the orthopaedic team including administrative staff and nurses, during the start-up phase. Review, Level V."}, {"pmid": 32459882, "title": "Comment on \"Is the type of diabetes treatment relevant to outcome of COVID-19?\"", "journal": "J Diabetes", "authors": ["Pal, Rimesh", "Banerjee, Mainak"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459882", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358412, "pmcid": "PMC7224601", "title": "COVID-19 and Orthopaedic Surgery: Experiences from Iran.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Askari, Alireza", "Arasteh, Peyman", "Jabalameli, Mahmoud", "Bagherifard, Abolfazl", "Razi, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358412", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32207377, "pmcid": "PMC7144318", "title": "Establishment and validation of a pseudovirus neutralization assay for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Nie, Jianhui", "Li, Qianqian", "Wu, Jiajing", "Zhao, Chenyan", "Hao, Huan", "Liu, Huan", "Zhang, Li", "Nie, Lingling", "Qin, Haiyang", "Wang, Meng", "Lu, Qiong", "Li, Xiaoyu", "Sun, Qiyu", "Liu, Junkai", "Fan, Changfa", "Huang, Weijin", "Xu, Miao", "Wang, Youchun"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207377", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pseudoviruses are useful virological tools because of their safety and versatility, especially for emerging and re-emerging viruses. Due to its high pathogenicity and infectivity and the lack of effective vaccines and therapeutics, live SARS-CoV-2 has to be handled under biosafety level 3 conditions, which has hindered the development of vaccines and therapeutics. Based on a VSV pseudovirus production system, a pseudovirus-based neutralization assay has been developed for evaluating neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in biosafety level 2 facilities. The key parameters for this assay were optimized, including cell types, cell numbers, virus inoculum. When tested against the SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus, SARS-CoV-2 convalescent patient sera showed high neutralizing potency, which underscore its potential as therapeutics. The limit of detection for this assay was determined as 22.1 and 43.2 for human and mouse serum samples respectively using a panel of 120 negative samples. The cutoff values were set as 30 and 50 for human and mouse serum samples, respectively. This assay showed relatively low coefficient of variations with 15.9% and 16.2% for the intra- and inter-assay analyses respectively. Taken together, we established a robust pseudovirus-based neutralization assay for SARS-CoV-2 and are glad to share pseudoviruses and related protocols with the developers of vaccines or therapeutics to fight against this lethal virus."}, {"pmid": 32427666, "title": "Commentary: Addressing Inequities in the Era of COVID-19: The Pandemic and the Urgent Need for Critical Race Theory.", "journal": "Fam Community Health", "authors": ["Ford, Chandra L"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427666", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518636, "pmcid": "PMC7256468", "title": "A snapshot of the ongoing clinical research on COVID-19.", "journal": "F1000Res", "authors": ["Piovani, Daniele", "Pansieri, Claudia", "Peyrin-Biroulet, Laurent", "Danese, Silvio", "Bonovas, Stefanos"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518636", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents an unprecedented challenge to rapidly develop new diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic strategies. Currently, thousands of new COVID-19 patients are quickly enrolled in clinical studies. We aimed to investigate the characteristics of the COVID-19 studies registered in ClinicalTrials.gov and report the extent to which they have incorporated features that are desirable for generating high-quality evidence. On April 28, 2020, a total of 945 studies on COVID-19 have been registered in ClinicalTrials.gov; 586 studies are interventional (62.0%), the most frequent allocation scheme is the parallel group assignment (437; 74.6%), they are open-label and the most common primary purpose is the research on treatment. Too many of the ongoing interventional studies have a small expected sample size and may not generate credible evidence at completion. This might lead to a delayed recognition of effective therapies that are urgently needed, and a waste of time and resources. In the COVID-19 pandemic era, it is crucial that the adoption of new diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic strategies is based upon evidence coming from well-designed, adequately powered and carefully conducted clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32350773, "pmcid": "PMC7189633", "title": "Characterizing the Impact of COVID-19 on Men Who Have Sex with Men Across the United States in April, 2020.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Sanchez, Travis H", "Zlotorzynska, Maria", "Rai, Mona", "Baral, Stefan D"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350773", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is reinforcing health inequities among vulnerable populations, including men who have sex with men (MSM). We conducted a rapid online survey (April 2 to April 13, 2020) of COVID-19 related impacts on the sexual health of 1051 US MSM. Many participants had adverse impacts to general wellbeing, social interactions, money, food, drug use and alcohol consumption. Half had fewer sex partners and most had no change in condom access or use. Some reported challenges in accessing HIV testing, prevention and treatment services. Compared to older MSM, those 15-24\u00a0years were more likely to report economic and service impacts. While additional studies of COVID-19 epidemiology among MSM are needed, there is already evidence of emerging interruptions to HIV-related services. Scalable remote solutions such as telehealth and mailed testing and prevention supplies may be urgently needed to avert increased HIV incidence among MSM during the COVID-19 pandemic era."}, {"pmid": 32373183, "pmcid": "PMC7192209", "title": "Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the context of COVID-19.", "journal": "Drugs Context", "authors": ["Shukla, Ashutosh M", "Archibald, Lennox K", "Wagle Shukla, Aparna", "Mehta, Hiren J", "Cherabuddi, Kartikeya"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373183", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chloroquine and closely related structural analogs, employed initially for the treatment of malaria, are now gaining worldwide attention due to the rapidly spreading pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2, named coronavirus disease (COVID) of 2019 (COVID-19). Although much of this attention has a mechanistic basis, the hard efficacy data for chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine in the management of the clinical syndrome of COVID-19 have been limited thus far. This review aims to present the available in vitro and clinical data for the role of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 and attempts to put them into perspective, especially in relation to the different risks/benefits particular to each patient who may require treatment."}, {"pmid": 32354113, "title": "On Facing the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) with Combination of Nanomaterials and Medicine: Possible Strategies and First Challenges.", "journal": "Nanomaterials (Basel)", "authors": ["Sivasankarapillai, Vishnu Sankar", "Pillai, Akhilash M", "Rahdar, Abbas", "Sobha, Anumol P", "Das, Sabya Sachi", "Mitropoulos, Athanasios C", "Mokarrar, Mahboobeh Heidari", "Kyzas, George Z"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354113", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Global health is facing the most dangerous situation regarding the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome called coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is widely known as the abbreviated COVID-19 pandemic. This is due to the highly infectious nature of the disease and its possibility to cause pneumonia induced death in approximately 6.89% of infected individuals (data until 27 April 2020). The pathogen causing COVID-19 is called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is believed to be originated from the Wuhan Province in China. Unfortunately, an effective and approved vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 virus is still not available, making the situation more dangerous and currently available medical care futile. This unmet medical need thus requires significant and very urgent research attention to develop an effective vaccine to address the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this review, the state-of-the-art drug design strategies against the virus are critically summarized including exploitations of novel drugs and potentials of repurposed drugs. The applications of nanochemistry and general nanotechnology was also discussed to give the status of nanodiagnostic systems for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32496395, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic and Lacrimal Practice: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Nasal Endoscopy and Dacryoendoscopy.", "journal": "Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg", "authors": ["Ali, Mohammad Javed"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496395", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505186, "title": "PEEP levels in COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Tsolaki, Vasiliki", "Siempos, Ilias", "Magira, Eleni", "Kokkoris, Stelios", "Zakynthinos, George E", "Zakynthinos, Spyros"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505186", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334395, "pmcid": "PMC7162793", "title": "Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia - A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Huang, Ian", "Lim, Michael Anthonius", "Pranata, Raymond"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334395", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is chronic conditions with devastating multi-systemic complication and may be associated with severe form of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to investigate the association between DM and poor outcome in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Systematic literature search was performed from several electronic databases on subjects that assess DM and outcome in COVID-19 pneumonia. The outcome of interest was composite poor outcome, including mortality, severe COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), need for intensive care unit (ICU) care, and disease progression. There were a total of 6452 patients from 30 studies. Meta-analysis showed that DM was associated with composite poor outcome (RR 2.38 [1.88, 3.03], p\u00a0<\u00a00.001; I2: 62%) and its subgroup which comprised of mortality (RR 2.12 [1.44, 3.11], p\u00a0<\u00a00.001; I2: 72%), severe COVID-19 (RR 2.45 [1.79, 3.35], p\u00a0<\u00a00.001; I2: 45%), ARDS (RR 4.64 [1.86, 11.58], p\u00a0=\u00a00.001; I2: 9%), and disease progression (RR 3.31 [1.08, 10.14], p\u00a0=\u00a00.04; I2: 0%). Meta-regression showed that the association with composite poor outcome was influenced by age (p\u00a0=\u00a00.003) and hypertension (p\u00a0<\u00a00.001). Subgroup analysis showed that the association was weaker in studies with median age \u226555 years-old (RR 1.92) compared to <55 years-old (RR 3.48), and in prevalence of hypertension \u226525% (RR 1.93) compared to <25% (RR 3.06). Subgroup analysis on median age <55 years-old and prevalence of hypertension <25% showed strong association (RR 3.33) CONCLUSION: DM was associated with mortality, severe COVID-19, ARDS, and disease progression in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32319200, "pmcid": "PMC7264611", "title": "Therapeutic uncertainties in people with cardiometabolic diseases and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19).", "journal": "Diabetes Obes Metab", "authors": ["Khunti, Sachin", "Khunti, Nitisha", "Seidu, Samuel", "Khunti, Kamlesh"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319200", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization and sent all countries scrambling to review emergency healthcare provisions. There is global evidence of each nation struggling to effectively manage the number of people being diagnosed with the virus. These are testing times which have not been experienced in recent generations and there are a number of insecurities regarding the management of people with COVID-19 and cardiometabolic diseases. This review highlights the current concerns related to COVID-19 and provides advice in terms of the therapeutic uncertainty and potential adverse harms associated with therapy when managing people, particularly those with cardiometabolic diseases, who have contracted or are at increased risk of contracting COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32396451, "title": "High-Risk Aerosol-Generating Procedures in COVID-19: Respiratory Protective Equipment Considerations.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Howard, Brittany E"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396451", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The correct selection and utilization of respiratory personal protective equipment is of the utmost importance in the current COVID-19 pandemic. This is especially true for health care workers exposed to high-risk aerosol-generating procedures, including otolaryngologists, ophthalmologists, neurosurgeons, maxillofacial surgeons, and laparoscopic surgeons. This communication provides a review of approved forms of respiratory protection and compares their characteristics, including surgical masks, N95 respirator, elastomeric respirators, powered air-purifying respirators, and controlled air-purifying respirators. For standard airborne precautions, N95 respirator are appropriate for respiratory protection. However, high-risk aerosol-generating procedures may create aerosolization of high viral loads that represent increased risk to health care workers. In these situations, enhanced respiratory protection with filters certified as 99, 100, or HEPA (high-efficiency particulate air) may be appropriate."}, {"pmid": 32049600, "pmcid": "PMC7233360", "title": "Use of Chest CT in Combination with Negative RT-PCR Assay for the 2019 Novel Coronavirus but High Clinical Suspicion.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Huang, Peikai", "Liu, Tianzhu", "Huang, Lesheng", "Liu, Hailong", "Lei, Ming", "Xu, Wangdong", "Hu, Xiaolu", "Chen, Jun", "Liu, Bo"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32049600", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332218, "pmcid": "PMC7224628", "title": "Geospatial Mapping of Orthopaedic Surgeons Age 60 and Over and Confirmed Cases of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Jella, Tarun K", "Acuna, Alexander J", "Samuel, Linsen T", "Jella, Taral K", "Mroz, Thomas E", "Kamath, Atul F"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332218", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although elective surgical procedures in the United States have been suspended because of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, orthopaedic surgeons are being recruited to serve patients with COVID-19 in addition to providing orthopaedic acute care. Older individuals are deemed to be at higher risk for poor outcomes with COVID-19. Although previous studies have shown a high proportion of older providers nationwide across medical specialties, we are not aware of any previous study that has analyzed the age distribution among the orthopaedic workforce. Therefore, the purposes of the present study were (1) to determine the geographic distribution of U.S. orthopaedic surgeons by age, (2) to compare the distribution with other surgical specialties, and (3) to compare this distribution with the spread of COVID-19. Demographic statistics from the most recent State Physician Workforce Data Reports published by the Association of American Medical Colleges were extracted to identify the 2018 statewide proportion of practicing orthopaedic surgeons \u226560 years of age as well as age-related demographic data for all surgical specialties. Geospatial data on the distribution of COVID-19 cases were obtained from the Environmental Systems Research Institute. State boundary files were taken from the U.S. Census Bureau. Orthopaedic workforce age data were utilized to group states into quintiles. States with the highest quintile of orthopaedic surgeons \u226560 years of age included states most severely affected by COVID-19: New York, New Jersey, California, and Florida. For all states, the median number of providers \u226560 years of age was 105.5 (interquartile range [IQR], 45.5 to 182.5). The median proportion of orthopaedic surgeons \u226560 years of age was higher than that of all other surgical subspecialties, apart from thoracic surgery. To our knowledge, the present report provides the first age-focused view of the orthopaedic workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic. States in the highest quintile of orthopaedic surgeons \u226560 years old are also among the most overwhelmed by COVID-19. As important orthopaedic acute care continues in addition to COVID-19 frontline service, special considerations may be needed for at-risk staff. Appropriate health system measures and workforce-management strategies should protect the subset of those who are most potentially vulnerable. Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence."}, {"pmid": 32425227, "pmcid": "PMC7229738", "title": "Most Patients Are Willing to Undergo Elective Endoscopic Procedures During the Reopening Period of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Rex, Douglas K", "Vemulapalli, Krishna C", "Kane, Meghan J", "McHenry, Lee Jr", "Sherman, Stuart", "Al-Haddad, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425227", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294858, "title": "[CT imaging analysis of 33 cases with the 2019 novel coronavirus infection].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Liu, R R", "Zhu, Y", "Wu, M Y", "Liu, J", "Ren, R", "Cao, Q L", "Shen, X H", "Chen, G Q", "Li, M"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294858", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To explore the CT imaging features of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection in order to summarize the imaging characteristics of the disease and improve the ability of imaging diagnosis and early diagnosis of the disease. Methods: From January 13, 2020 to January 31, 2020, a total of 33 patients with 2019-nCoV infection diagnosed and treated by Suzhou Fifth People's Hospital were analyzed retrospectively, including 20 males and 13 females, with an average age of (50\u00b112) years, ranging from 20 to 70 years old. There were 3 cases of mild type, 27 cases of common type and 3 cases of severe type.There were 2 cases with hypertension, 1 case with postoperative lung,1 case with diabetes, 1 case with chronic bronchitis, and 1 case with bronchiectasis.SPSS25.0 Chi-square test was used to analyze the distribution of lesions in each lung lobe; SPSS25.0 Spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze the image score and clinical classification. Results: There were 3 cases (9.1%) with normal lung and 30 cases (90.9%) with Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia(COVID-19) of the 2019-nCoV infected patients. In the distribution of COVID-19, 29 cases (87.9%) were involved in bilateral lung and 1 case (3.0%) in unilateral lung. There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of lesions in each lobe. The correlation coefficient between the degree of lesion distribution and clinical classification was 0.819, and the two were highly correlated.There were 30 cases (90.9%) with subpleural lesions, 17 cases (51.5%) with central lesions. There were many kinds of lesions, 25 cases (75.8%) had ground glass density shadow, 16 cases (48.5%) had consolidation, 12 cases (36.4%) had interstitial change, and 18 cases (54.5%) had interlobular septal thickening. Among the 22 cases, 10 cases had more lesions, 6 cases had no changes and 6 cases had less lesions. Conclusion: Most of the patients with 2019-nCoV infection have pulmonary inflammation.CT manifestations include multiple parts, subpleural area or middle and lateral field of lung, ground glass shadow and consolidation, or coexistence. Some cases have pleural thickening or interlobular septal thickening. CT images can indicate the diagnosis of COVID-19 and provide important basis for early detection and disease monitoring."}, {"pmid": 32227186, "pmcid": "PMC7184409", "title": "High population densities catalyse the spread of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Rocklov, Joacim", "Sjodin, Henrik"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227186", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287038, "pmcid": "PMC7164788", "title": "A Case for Participatory Disease Surveillance of the COVID-19 Pandemic in India.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Garg, Suneela", "Bhatnagar, Nidhi", "Gangadharan, Navya"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287038", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease pandemic requires the deployment of novel surveillance strategies to curtail further spread of the disease in the community. Participatory disease surveillance mechanisms have already been adopted in countries for the current pandemic. India, with scarce resources, good telecom support, and a not-so-robust heath care system, makes a strong case for introducing participatory disease surveillance for the prevention and control of the pandemic. India has just launched Aarogya Setu, which is a first-of-its-kind participatory disease surveillance initiative in India. This will supplement the existing Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme in India by finding missing cases and having faster aggregation, analysis of data, and prompt response measures. This newly created platform empowers communities with the right information and guidance, enabling protection from infection and reducing unnecessary contact with the overburdened health care system. However, caution needs to be exercised to address participation from digitally isolated populations, ensure the reliability of data, and consider ethical concerns such as maintaining individual privacy."}, {"pmid": 32457005, "pmcid": "PMC7211743", "title": "Flattening the disability curve: Rehabilitation and recovery after COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Heart Lung", "authors": ["Falvey, Jason R", "Ferrante, Lauren E"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457005", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32368710, "pmcid": "PMC7197255", "title": "Responding to Healthcare Disparities and Challenges With Access to Care During COVID-19.", "journal": "Health Equity", "authors": ["Nunez, Ana", "Madison, Maria", "Schiavo, Renata", "Elk, Ronit", "Prigerson, Holly G"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368710", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334164, "pmcid": "PMC7169881", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and environmental pollution: A blessing in disguise?", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Muhammad, Sulaman", "Long, Xingle", "Salman, Muhammad"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334164", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "United States", "Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late 2019, a novel infectious disease with human to human transmission (COVID-19) was identified in Wuhan China, which now has turned into a global pandemic. Countries all over the world have implemented some sort of lockdown to slow down its infection and mitigate it. Lockdown due to COVID-19 has drastic effects on social and economic fronts. However, this lockdown also has some positive effect on natural environment. Recent data released by NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) and ESA (European Space Agency) indicates that pollution in some of the epicenters of COVID-19 such as Wuhan, Italy, Spain and USA etc. has reduced up to 30%. This study compiled the environmental data released by NASA and ESA before and after the coronavirus pandemic and discusses its impact on environmental quality."}, {"pmid": 32277997, "pmcid": "PMC7194897", "title": "A tale of two pandemics: How will COVID-19 and global trends in physical inactivity and sedentary behavior affect one another?", "journal": "Prog Cardiovasc Dis", "authors": ["Hall, Grenita", "Laddu, Deepika R", "Phillips, Shane A", "Lavie, Carl J", "Arena, Ross"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277997", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233563, "title": "Effect of delay in diagnosis on transmission of COVID-19.", "journal": "Math Biosci Eng", "authors": ["Rong, Xin Miao", "Yang, Liu", "Chu, Hui di", "Fan, Meng"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233563", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan and other cities of China is a growing global concern. Delay in diagnosis and limited hospital resources lead to a rapid spread of COVID-19. In this study, we investigate the effect of delay in diagnosis on the disease transmission with a new formulated dynamic model. Sensitivity analyses and numerical simulations reveal that, improving the proportion of timely diagnosis and shortening the waiting time for diagnosis can not eliminate COVID-19 but can effectively decrease the basic reproduction number, significantly reduce the transmission risk, and effectively prevent the endemic of COVID-19, e.g., shorten the peak time and reduce the peak value of new confirmed cases and new infection, decrease the cumulative number of confirmed cases and total infection. More rigorous prevention measures and better treatment of patients are needed to control its further spread, e.g., increasing available hospital beds, shortening the period from symptom onset to isolation of patients, quarantining and isolating the suspected cases as well as all confirmed patients."}, {"pmid": 32275667, "pmcid": "PMC7147803", "title": "Will COVID-19 become the next neglected tropical disease?", "journal": "PLoS Negl Trop Dis", "authors": ["Hotez, Peter J", "Bottazzi, Maria E", "Singh, Sunit K", "Brindley, Paul J", "Kamhawi, Shaden"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275667", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276256, "pmcid": "PMC7164396", "title": "Editorial. Early lessons in the management of COVID-19 for the pediatric neurosurgical community from the leadership of the American Society of Pediatric Neurosurgeons.", "journal": "J Neurosurg Pediatr", "authors": ["Wellons, John C", "Grant, Gerald", "Krieger, Mark D", "Ragheb, John", "Robinson, Shenandoah", "Weprin, Bradley", "Ojemann, Jeffrey"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276256", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380051, "pmcid": "PMC7198419", "title": "The clinical benefits of Chinese patent medicines against COVID-19 based on current evidence.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Zhang, Dan", "Zhang, Bing", "Lv, Jin-Tao", "Sa, Ri-Na", "Zhang, Xiao-Meng", "Lin, Zhi-Jian"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380051", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of emerging infectious pneumonia caused by 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has posed an enormous threat to public health, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have made vast contribution to the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) among Chinese population. As an indispensable part of TCM, Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) are highly valued and critically acclaimed in their campaign to contain and tackle the epidemic, they can achieve considerable effects for both suspected cases under medical observation period, and confirmed individuals with serious underlying diseases or critical conditions. Given this, based on the Guideline on Diagnosis and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China, the present review summarized the basic information, clinical evidence and published literatures of recommended CPMs against COVID-19. The details were thoroughly introduced involving compositions, therapeutic effects, clinical indications, medication history of CPMs and the profiles of corresponding research. With regard to infected patients with different stages and syndrome, the preferable potentials and therapeutic mechanism of CPMs were addressed through the comprehensive collection of relevant literatures and on-going clinical trials. This study could provide an insight into clinical application and underlying mechanism of recommended CPMs against COVID-19, with the aim to share the Chinese experience in clinical practice and facilitate scientific development of TCM, especially CPMs in the fierce battle of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32457038, "title": "Potential COVID-19 therapeutics from a rare disease: Weaponizing lipid dysregulation to combat viral infectivity.", "journal": "J Lipid Res", "authors": ["Sturley, Stephen", "Rajakumar, Tamayanthi", "Hammond, Natalie", "Higaki, Katsumi", "Marka, Zsuzsa", "Marka, Szabolcs", "Munkacsi, Andrew"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457038", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in the death of more than 328,000 persons worldwide in the first 5 months of 2020. Herculean efforts to rapidly design and produce vaccines and other antiviral interventions are ongoing. However, newly evolving viral mutations, the prospect of only temporary immunity, and a long path to regulatory approval pose significant challenges and call for a common, readily available and inexpensive treatment. Strategic drug repurposing combined with rapid testing of established molecular targets could provide a pause in disease progression. SARS-CoV-2 shares extensive structural and functional conservation with SARS-CoV-1 including engagement of the same host cell receptor (ACE2) localized in cholesterol-rich microdomains. These lipid-enveloped viruses encounter the endosomal/lysosomal host compartment in a critical step of infection and maturation. Niemann-Pick type C (NP-C) disease is a rare, monogenic neurodegenerative disease caused by deficient efflux of lipids from the late endosome/lysosome (LE/L). The NP-C disease-causing gene (NPC1) has been strongly associated with viral infection, as a filovirus receptor (e.g., Ebola) and through LE/L lipid trafficking. This suggests NPC1 inhibitors or NP-C disease mimetics could serve as anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. Fortunately, there are such clinically approved molecules that elicit antiviral activity in pre-clinical studies, without causing NP-C disease. Inhibition of NPC1 may impair viral SARS-CoV-2 infectivity via several lipid-dependent mechanisms, which disturb the microenvironment optimum for viral infectivity. We suggest that known mechanistic information on NPC1 could be utilized to identify existing and future drugs to treat COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32305488, "pmcid": "PMC7162747", "title": "Flattening-the-curve associated with reduced COVID-19 case fatality rates- an ecological analysis of 65 countries.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Kenyon, Chris"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305488", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519964, "title": "Leveraging user experience to improve video consultations in a cardiology practice: initial insights during COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Vandekerckhove, Pieter", "Vandekerckhove, Yves", "Tavernier, Rene", "De Jaegher, Kelly", "de Mul, Marleen"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519964", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, cardiologists try to minimize the risks for their patients by using telehealth to provide continuing care. Rapidly implementing video consultations (VCs) in outpatient clinics for heart patients can be challenging. We employed a design thinking (DT) tool, called a customer journey, to explore challenges and opportunities when using video communication software in the cardiology department of a regional hospital. Interviews were conducted with five patients with implanted devices, a nurse, an IT manager and two cardiologists. Three lessons were identified based on these challenges and opportunities. Attention should be given to the ease of use of the technology, the meeting features and the establishment of the connection between the cardiologist and the patient. Further, facilitating the role of an (virtual) assistant in video consultation software who can manage the telehealth process may improve the success of video consultations. Employing DT to implement VCs in cardiology and to further implement telehealth is crucial to build a resilient healthcare system that can cope with urgent needs beyond COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32440662, "pmcid": "PMC7212074", "title": "Management of Pemphigus in COVID-19 Pandemic Era; a Review Article.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Abdollahimajd, Fahimeh", "Shahidi-Dadras, Mohammad", "M Robati, Reza", "Dadkhahfar, Sahar"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440662", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus is rapidly spreading around the world. Since the public announcement of the COVID-19 outbreak, several concerns have been raised by dermatologists as well as pemphigus patients who take immunosuppressive drugs. In this paper, we review the literature about the common treatment of pemphigus with a focus on the lessons from similar epidemics to find a proper suggestion to manage pemphigus in the COVID-19 pandemic era. The effect of many of the drugs used for treatment of Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) on COVID-19 is not clear. We also do not have data on the impact of this autoimmune disease, which may involve the mucous membranes, on the acquisition or course of COVID-19. We are currently in the midst of a pandemic and evaluating the effect of COVID-19 on the population of susceptible patients suffering from auto-immune diseases like pemphigus is essential. The evidence on best ways to manage patients with underlying conditions, such as pemphigus, during the outbreak of COVID-19 is evolving and the data is updated every day."}, {"pmid": 32426220, "pmcid": "PMC7229740", "title": "Triage of Patients with Venous and Lymphatic Diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic- the Venous and Lymphatic Triage and Acuity Scale (VELTAS).", "journal": "J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord", "authors": ["Parsi, Kurosh", "van Rij, Andre M", "Meissner, Mark H", "Davies, Alun H", "De Maeseneer, Marianne", "Gloviczki, Peter", "Benson, Stephen", "Bottini, Oscar", "Canata, Victor Manuel", "Dinnen, Paul", "Gasparis, Antonios", "Gianesini, Sergio", "Huber, David", "Jenkins, David", "Lal, Brajesh K", "Kabnick, Lowell", "Lim, Adrian", "Marston, William", "Granados, Alberto Martinez", "Morrison, Nick", "Nicolaides, Andrew", "Paraskevas, Peter", "Patel, Malay", "Roberts, Stefania", "Rogan, Christopher", "Schul, Marlin W", "Komlos, Pedro", "Stirling, Andrew", "Thibault, Simon", "Varghese, Roy", "Welch, Harold J", "Wittens, Cees H A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426220", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic has resulted in diversion of healthcare resources to the management of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus. Elective interventions and surgical procedures in most countries have been postponed and operating room resources have been diverted to manage the pandemic. The Venous and Lymphatic Triage and Acuity Scale (VELTAS) was developed to provide an international standard to rationalise and harmonise the management of patients with venous and lymphatic disorders or vascular anomalies. Triage urgency was determined based on clinical assessment of urgency with which a patient would require medical treatment or surgical intervention. Clinical conditions were classified into six categories of: 1) Venous thromboembolism (VTE), 2) Chronic Venous Disease (CVD), 3) Vascular anomalies, 4) Venous trauma 5) Venous compression and 6) Lymphatic disease. Triage urgency was categorised into four groups and individual conditions were allocated to each class of triage. These included 1) Medical Emergencies (requiring immediate attendance), example massive pulmonary embolism; 2) Urgent (to be seen as soon as possible), example deep vein thrombosis ; 3) Semi-urgent (to be attended to within 30-90 days), example highly symptomatic CVD, and 4) Discretionary/Non-urgent- (to be seen within 6-12 months), example chronic lymphoedema. VELTAS aims to standardise the triage of patients with venous and lymphatic disease or vascular anomalies by providing an international consensus-based classification of clinical categories and triage urgency. The scale may be used during pandemics such as the current COVID-19 crisis but may also be used as a general framework to classify urgency of the listed conditions."}, {"pmid": 32391519, "pmcid": "PMC7205698", "title": "Clinical course of severe and critical COVID-19 in hospitalized pregnancies: a US cohort study.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM", "authors": ["Pierce-Williams, Rebecca A M", "Burd, Julia", "Felder, Laura", "Khoury, Rasha", "Bernstein, Peter S", "Avila, Karina", "Penfield, Christina A", "Roman, Ashley S", "DeBolt, Chelsea A", "Stone, Joanne L", "Bianco, Angela", "Kern-Goldberger, Adina R", "Hirshberg, Adi", "Srinivas, Sindhu K", "Jayakumaran, Jenani S", "Brandt, Justin S", "Anastasio, Hannah", "Birsner, Meredith", "O'Brien, Devon S", "Sedev, Harish M", "Dolin, Cara D", "Schnettler, William T", "Suhag, Anju", "Ahluwalia, Shabani", "Navathe, Reshama S", "Khalifeh, Adeeb", "Anderson, Kathryn", "Berghella, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391519", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on healthcare systems around the world with 3.0 million infected and 208,000 resultant mortalities as of this writing. Information regarding infection in pregnancy is still limited. To describe the clinical course of severe and critical infection in hospitalized pregnant women with positive laboratory testing for SARS-CoV2. This is a cohort study of pregnant women with severe or critical COVID-19 infection hospitalized at 12 US institutions between March 5, 2020 and April 20, 2020. Severe infection was defined according to published criteria by patient reported dyspnea, respiratory rate > 30 per minute, blood oxygen saturation \u2264 93% on room air, partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen <300 and/or lung infiltrates >50% within 24 to 48 hours on chest imaging. Critical disease was defined by respiratory failure, septic shock, and/or multiple organ dysfunction or failure. Women were excluded if they had presumed COVID-19 infection but laboratory testing was negative. The primary outcome was median duration from hospital admission to discharge. Secondary outcomes included need for supplemental oxygen, intubation, cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrest, death, and timing of delivery. The clinical courses are described by the median disease day on which these outcomes occurred after the onset of symptoms. Treatment and neonatal outcomes are also reported. Of 64 pregnant women hospitalized with COVID-19, 44 (69%) had severe and 20 (31%) critical disease. The following pre-existing comorbidities were observed: 25% had a pulmonary condition, 17% had cardiac disease and the mean BMI was 34 kg/m2. Gestational age at symptom onset was at a mean 29 \u00b16 weeks and at hospital admission a mean of 30 \u00b16 weeks, on a median day of disease 7 since first symptoms. Eighty-one percent of women were treated with hydroxychloroquine; 9% of women with severe disease and 65% of women with critical disease received remdesivir. All women with critical disease received either prophylactic or therapeutic anticoagulation during their admission. The median duration of hospital stay was 6 days (6 days for severe, 10.5 days for critical, p=0.01). For those who required it, intubation usually occurred around day 9, and peak respiratory support for women with severe disease occurred on day 8. In women with critical disease, prone positioning was performed in 20% of cases, the rate of ARDS was 70%, and re-intubation was necessary in 20%. There was one case of maternal cardiac arrest, but no cases of cardiomyopathy and no maternal deaths. Thirty-two (50%) women in this cohort delivered during their COVID-19 hospitalization (34% of severe and 85% of critical women). Eighty-eight percent (15/17) of pregnant women with critical COVID-19 who delivered during their disease course were delivered preterm, 94% of them via cesarean; in all, 75% (15/20) of critically ill women delivered preterm. There were no stillbirths or neonatal deaths, or cases of vertical transmission. In hospitalized pregnant women with severe or critical COVID-19 infection, admission typically occurred about 7 days after symptom onset, and the duration of hospitalization was 6 days (6 severe versus 12 critical). Critically ill women had a high rate of ARDS, and there was one case of cardiac arrest, but there were no cases of cardiomyopathy, or maternal mortality. Hospitalization for severe or critical COVID-19 infection resulted in delivery during the course of infection in 50% of this cohort, usually in the third trimester. There were no perinatal deaths in this cohort."}, {"pmid": 32369009, "pmcid": "PMC7197963", "title": "Clinical pearls to managing men's health conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Can Urol Assoc J", "authors": ["Witherspoon, Luke", "Fitzpatrick, Ryan", "Patel, Premal", "Flannigan, Ryan", "Roberts, Matthew T", "Krakowsky, Yonah", "Campbell, Jeffrey D", "Grantmyre, John", "Brock, Gerald B", "Goldenberg, S Larry", "Jarvi, Keith A"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369009", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476574, "title": "Virtual Screening-Driven Drug Discovery of SARS-CoV2 Enzyme Inhibitors Targeting Viral Attachment, Replication, Post-Translational Modification and Host Immunity Evasion Infection Mechanisms.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Quimque, Mark Tristan J", "Notarte, Kin Israel R", "Fernandez, Rey Arturo T", "Mendoza, Mark Andrew O", "Liman, Rhenz Alfred D", "Lim, Justin Allen K", "Pilapil, Luis Agustin E", "Ong, Jehiel Karsten H", "Pastrana, Adriel M", "Khan, Abbas", "Wei, Dong-Qing", "Macabeo, Allan Patrick G"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476574", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2, the causative agent of the pandemic disease COVID-19, emerged in December 2019 forcing lockdown of communities in many countries. The absence of specific drugs and vaccines, the rapid transmission of the virus, and the increasing number of deaths worldwide necessitated the discovery of new substances for anti-COVID-19 drug development. With the aid of bioinformatics and computational modelling, ninety seven antiviral secondary metabolites from fungi were docked onto five SARS-CoV2 enzymes involved in viral attachment, replication, post-translational modification, and host immunity evasion infection mechanisms followed by molecular dynamics simulation and in silico ADMET prediction (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) of the hit compounds. Thus, three fumiquinazoline alkaloids scedapin C (15), quinadoline B (19) and norquinadoline A (20), the polyketide isochaetochromin D1 (8), and the terpenoid 11a-dehydroxyisoterreulactone A (11) exhibited high binding affinities on the target proteins, papain-like protease (PLpro), chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRp), non-structural protein 15 (nsp15), and the spike binding domain to GRP78. Molecular dynamics simulation was performed to optimize the interaction and investigate the stability of the top-scoring ligands in complex with the five target proteins. All tested complexes were found to have dynamic stability. Of the five top-scoring metabolites, quinadoline B (19) was predicted to confer favorable ADMET values, high gastrointestinal absorptive probability and poor blood-brain barrier crossing capacities."}, {"pmid": 32520509, "title": "18F-FDG PET/CT Metabolic Behavior of COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Series of 4 Patients With RT-PCR Confirmation.", "journal": "Clin Nucl Med", "authors": ["Albano, Domenico", "Camoni, Luca", "Rinaldi, Roberto", "Bertagna, Francesco", "Giubbini, Raffaele"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520509", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Between March 26 and April 6, among 80 patients who underwent F-FDG PET/CT in our department (Brescia, Italy), 4 showed the presence of an interstitial pneumonia suspected for COVID-19 with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction confirmation. All patients except one had bilateral ground-glass opacities and/or lung consolidations in at least 2 pulmonary lobes. Inferior lobes and basal segments were the most frequent site of disease. All lung lesions had an increased FDG uptake corresponding to the interstitial pneumonia, and in one case, mediastinal nodal involvement was registered."}, {"pmid": 32281886, "title": "COVID-19 and Home Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) Therapy.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Krishnan, Vidya"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281886", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345860, "pmcid": "PMC7199776", "title": "Anesthesia Considerations and Infection Precautions for Trauma and Acute Care Cases During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Gong, Yahong", "Cao, Xuezhao", "Mei, Wei", "Wang, Jun", "Shen, Le", "Wang, Sheng", "Lu, Zhijie", "Yu, Chunhua", "Che, Lu", "Xu, Xiaohan", "Tan, Juan", "Ma, Hong", "Huang, Yuguang"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345860", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread worldwide. During the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic, most hospitals have postponed elective surgeries. However, some emergency surgeries especially for trauma patients are inevitable. For patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, a standard protocol addressing preoperative preparation, intraoperative management and postoperative surveillance should be implemented to avoid nosocomial infection and ensure the safety of patients and the healthcare workforce. With reference to the guidelines and recommendations issued by the National Health Commission and Chinese Society of Anesthesiology, this article provides recommendations for anesthesia management of trauma and emergency surgery cases during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32219882, "pmcid": "PMC7228369", "title": "Controversial treatments: An updated understanding of the coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhang, Cantong", "Huang, Shaoying", "Zheng, Fengping", "Dai, Yong"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219882", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 infection has posed significant threats to international health and the economy. In the absence of specific treatment for this virus, there is an urgent need to learn from the experience and lessons in China. To reduce the case-fatality rate among coronavirus disease 2019 patients, we should not ignore the complications, such as RNAaemia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiple organ dysfunction. To help understand the advantages and limitations of differential treatments, we provide a timely review and discuss the complications and corresponding major treatments, especially controversial ones such as antiviral therapy (remdesivir, ribavirin, and chloroquine), glucocorticoid therapy, extracorporeal support including an artificial liver system, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation based on available evidence. As a result, we suggest that antiviral therapy and organ function support are vital to reduce mortality for mild patients and critical patients, respectively."}, {"pmid": 32413527, "pmcid": "PMC7215158", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak and cancer radiotherapy disruption in Italy: Survey endorsed by the Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology (AIRO).", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Jereczek-Fossa, Barbara Alicja", "Pepa, Matteo", "Marvaso, Giulia", "Bruni, Alessio", "Buglione di Monale E Bastia, Michela", "Catalano, Gianpiero", "Filippi, Andrea Riccardo", "Franco, Pierfrancesco", "Gambacorta, Maria Antonietta", "Genovesi, Domenico", "Iati, Giuseppe", "Magli, Alessandro", "Marafioti, Luigi", "Meattini, Icro", "Merlotti, Anna", "Mignogna, Marcello", "Musio, Daniela", "Pacelli, Roberto", "Pergolizzi, Stefano", "Tombolini, Vincenzo", "Trovo, Marco", "Ricardi, Umberto", "Magrini, Stefano Maria", "Corvo, Renzo", "Donato, Vittorio"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413527", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy experienced one of the world's deadliest COVID-19 outbreaks and healthcare systems had to instantly reorganise activity. The Italian Radiation Oncology Departments adapted numerous solutions to minimize the disruptions. Information technologies, treatment prioritization and implementation of hypofractionation and protection procedures allowed balancing between cancer patient care and patient/healthcare workers safety."}, {"pmid": 32075364, "title": "[Novel coronavirus pneumonia-related liver injury: etiological analysis and treatment strategy].", "journal": "Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi", "authors": ["Hu, L L", "Wang, W J", "Zhu, Q J", "Yang, L"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32075364", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of pneumonia caused by 2019 novel coronavirus infection in Wuhan has become a public health emergency of international concern. However, some patients are accompanied by varying degrees of liver injury in addition to respiratory symptoms. This paper analyzes the clinical characteristics, susceptible population, related factors and treatment strategies to provide a reference for clinical decision making in novel coronavirus pneumonia-related liver injury."}, {"pmid": 32408789, "title": "The hidden vulnerability of homelessness in the COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives from India.", "journal": "Int J Soc Psychiatry", "authors": ["Banerjee, Debanjan", "Bhattacharya, Prama"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408789", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447057, "pmcid": "PMC7240253", "title": "Caution is needed on the effect of altitude on the pathogenesis of SAR-CoV-2 virus.", "journal": "Respir Physiol Neurobiol", "authors": ["Burtscher, Johannes", "Burtscher, Martin", "Millet, Gregoire P"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447057", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401680, "title": "Prehospital Triage of Acute Stroke Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Goyal, Mayank", "Ospel, Johanna M", "Southerland, Andrew M", "Wira, Charles", "Amin-Hanjani, Sepideh", "Fraser, Justin F", "Panagos, Peter"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401680", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has broad implications on stroke patient triage. Emergency medical services providers have to ensure timely transfer of patients while minimizing the risk of infectious exposure for themselves, their co-workers, and other patients. This statement paper provides a conceptual framework for acute stroke patient triage and transfer during the COVID-19 pandemic and similar healthcare emergencies in the future."}, {"pmid": 32339394, "pmcid": "PMC7267353", "title": "Measuring weight with e-scales in clinical and research settings during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Krukowski, Rebecca A", "Ross, Kathryn M"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339394", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398898, "pmcid": "PMC7215132", "title": "Agroecology and the emergence of a post COVID-19 agriculture.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Altieri, Miguel A", "Nicholls, Clara Ines"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398898", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32435692, "pmcid": "PMC7228427", "title": "COVID-19, Climate Change, and Renewable Energy Research: We Are All in This Together, and the Time to Act Is Now.", "journal": "ACS Energy Lett", "authors": ["Jin, Song"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435692", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443114, "title": "Where Are the Masks?", "journal": "Am J Nurs", "authors": ["Todd, Betsy"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443114", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Shortages of vital PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32445329, "title": "Caring of cancer patients during COVID-19: A real-life challenge.", "journal": "Indian J Cancer", "authors": ["Adhikari, Shreya Das", "Gupta, Nitin", "Sharma, Atul", "Deo, S V S", "Bhatnagar, Sushma"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445329", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311145, "pmcid": "PMC7264660", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection in beta thalassemia: Preliminary data from the Italian experience.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Motta, Irene", "Migone De Amicis, Margherita", "Pinto, Valeria M", "Balocco, Manuela", "Longo, Filomena", "Bonetti, Federico", "Gianesin, Barbara", "Graziadei, Giovanna", "Cappellini, Maria D", "De Franceschi, Lucia", "Piga, Antonio", "Forni, Gian L"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311145", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346094, "pmcid": "PMC7187801", "title": "COVID-19 vaccine design: the Janus face of immune enhancement.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Hotez, Peter J", "Corry, David B", "Bottazzi, Maria Elena"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346094", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433265, "pmcid": "PMC7253047", "title": "Pancreaticobiliary Endoscopy in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era.", "journal": "Pancreas", "authors": ["Machicado, Jorge D", "Papachristou, Georgios I", "Cote, Gregory A", "Wani, Sachin", "Groce, Jeffrey R", "Conwell, Darwin L", "Krishna, Somashekar G"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433265", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32212099, "pmcid": "PMC7094991", "title": "COVID-19 may transmit through aerosol.", "journal": "Ir J Med Sci", "authors": ["Wang, Juan", "Du, Guoqiang"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212099", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265341, "title": "Covid-19: What is the evidence for cloth masks?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265341", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506344, "title": "Acute intestinal ischemia in a patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "Tech Coloproctol", "authors": ["Bianco, F", "Ranieri, A J", "Paterniti, G", "Pata, F", "Gallo, G"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506344", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427161, "pmcid": "PMC7228732", "title": "Novel paediatric presentation of COVID-19 with ARDS and cytokine storm syndrome without respiratory symptoms.", "journal": "Lancet Rheumatol", "authors": ["Pain, Clare E", "Felsenstein, Susanna", "Cleary, Gavin", "Mayell, Sarah", "Conrad, Karsten", "Harave, Srikrishna", "Duong, Phuoc", "Sinha, Ian", "Porter, David", "Hedrich, Christian M"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427161", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430094, "title": "The dynamics of humoral immune responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection and the potential for reinfection.", "journal": "J Gen Virol", "authors": ["Kellam, Paul", "Barclay, Wendy"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430094", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus that is the causative agent of coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19). As of 17 April 2020, it has infected 2\u200a114\u200a269 people, resulting in 145\u200a144 deaths. The timing, magnitude and longevity of humoral immunity is not yet understood for SARS-CoV-2. Nevertheless, understanding this is urgently required to inform the likely future dynamics of the pandemic, to guide strategies to allow relaxation of social distancing measures and to understand how to deploy limiting vaccine doses when they become available to achieve maximum impact. SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh human coronavirus to be described. Four human coronaviruses circulate seasonally and cause common colds. Two other coronaviruses, SARS and MERS, have crossed from animal sources into humans but have not become endemic. Here we review what is known about the human humoral immune response to epidemic SARS CoV and MERS CoV and to the seasonal, endemic coronaviruses. Then we summarize recent, mostly non-peer reviewed, studies into SARS-CoV-2 serology and reinfection in humans and non-human primates and summarize current pressing research needs."}, {"pmid": 32348048, "title": "[Pediatric impact of COVID-19].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["L'Huillier, Arnaud G", "Asner, Sandra A"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348048", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Children infected with SARS-CoV-2 are underrepresented during the current COVID-19 outbreak. Unlike other respiratory viruses, SARS-CoV-2 rather infects adults who subsequently infect their children. From recent Chinese and Italian data, children commonly present mild to moderate disease, a large proportion of them being asymptomatic. In particular, children present significantly less fever, cough and pneumonia compared to adults. However, more cases of pneumonia were reported from children infected with SARS-CoV-2 compared to those infected with H1N1. No vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been described so far."}, {"pmid": 32265541, "title": "Why measles deaths are surging - and coronavirus could make it worse.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Roberts, Leslie"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265541", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317500, "title": "Coronavirus and ophthalmology: What do we know and way forward.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Khanna, Rohit C"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317500", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413909, "title": "[Protecting Medical Professionals from Infection During the Coronavirus Pandemic: Overnight Implementation of Virtual Medical Boards].", "journal": "Gesundheitswesen", "authors": ["Konig, Tatjana Tamara", "Lenz, Anna-Franziska", "Goedeke, Jan", "Muensterer, Oliver J"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413909", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2002For medical professionals in hospitals, it is nearly impossible to abide by the rules of social distancing to prevent coronavirus transmission. In order to avoid unnecessary contact between medical staff, virtual medical boards were implemented. \u2002Technical requirements for virtual boards were established overnight. Standard web cams and one license for a licensed provider of virtual boards were acquired. Most of the other technical gear required was readily available. Frequent and typical errors during the virtual boards were recorded and analyzed. \u2002Virtual boards provided the means for adequate patient care in spite of social distancing among the medical staff. Over a period of 4 weeks, 956 face-to-face contacts were avoided. Most errors occurred during first-time participation and concerned audio transmission. By muting the microphone of inactive participants, most of these errors could be avoided. \u2002Virtual boards for medical staff can be implemented with minimal effort und standard technical gear to slow down the transmission of coronavirus among medical professionals in the hospital setting."}, {"pmid": 32173883, "pmcid": "PMC7227380", "title": "COVID-19 and mycoplasma pneumoniae coinfection.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Fan, Bingwen Eugene", "Lim, Kian Guan Eric", "Chong, Vanessa Cui Lian", "Chan, Stephrene Seok Wei", "Ong, Kiat Hoe", "Kuperan, Ponnudurai"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32173883", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347088, "title": "[Effects of novel coronavirus therapeutic drugs on cardiovascular system].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi", "authors": ["Xie, S Y", "Deng, W", "Tang, Q Z"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347088", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429432, "title": "Understanding Knowledge and Behaviors Related to CoViD-19 Epidemic in Italian Undergraduate Students: The EPICO Study.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Galle, Francesca", "Sabella, Elita Anna", "Da Molin, Giovanna", "De Giglio, Osvalda", "Caggiano, Giuseppina", "Di Onofrio, Valeria", "Ferracuti, Stefano", "Montagna, Maria Teresa", "Liguori, Giorgio", "Orsi, Giovanni Battista", "Napoli, Christian"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429432", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: On February 2020, the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) epidemic began in Italy. In order to contain the spread of the virus, the Italian government adopted emergency measures nationwide, including closure of schools and universities, workplaces and subsequently lockdown. This survey was carried out among Italian undergraduates to explore their level of knowledge about the epidemic and the behaviors they adopted during the lockdown. Methods: An electronic questionnaire was administered to the students attending three Italian universities. Results: A good level of knowledge about the epidemic and its control was registered in the sample, mainly among students attending life sciences degree courses. The majority of the students did not modify their diet and smoking habits, while a great part of the sample reported a decrease in physical activity (PA). Conclusions: Students from life sciences courses showed a higher awareness regarding the infection and the control measures. The lockdown caused an important reduction of PA. Preventive interventions should transform the restrictive measures also as an opportunity to improve lifestyle."}, {"pmid": 32416414, "pmcid": "PMC7202332", "title": "Genetic predisposition models to COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Darbeheshti, Farzaneh", "Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416414", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32209226, "pmcid": "PMC7096178", "title": "Publishing in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Elife", "authors": ["Eisen, Michael B", "Akhmanova, Anna", "Behrens, Timothy E", "Weigel, Detlef"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209226", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "eLife is making changes to its policies on peer review in response to the impact of COVID-19 on the scientific community."}, {"pmid": 32445724, "pmcid": "PMC7240256", "title": "Different patterns of Influenza A and B detected during early stages of COVID-19 in a university hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["de Souza Luna, Luciano Kleber", "Perosa, Dr Ana Helena", "Conte, Danielle Dias", "Carvalho, Joseane Mayara Almeida", "Alves, Vitoria Rodrigues Guimaraes", "Cruz, Jessica Santiago", "Bellei, Nancy"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445724", "countries": ["Brazil"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353549, "pmcid": "PMC7185021", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Qiancheng, Xu", "Jian, Shen", "Lingling, Pan", "Lei, Huang", "Xiaogan, Jiang", "Weihua, Lu", "Gang, Yang", "Shirong, Li", "Zhen, Wang", "GuoPing, Xiong", "Lei, Zha"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353549", "topics": ["Transmission", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to compare clinical courses and outcomes between pregnant and reproductive-aged non-pregnant women with COVID-19, and to assess the vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 in pregnancy. Medical records of pregnant and reproductive-aged non-pregnant women hospitalized with COVID-19 from January 15 to March 15, 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The severity of disease, virus clearance time, and length of hospital stay were measured as the primary objective, while the vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 was also assessed. Eighty-two patients (28 pregnant women, 54 reproductive-aged non-pregnant women) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled in this study. Univariate regression indicated no association between pregnancy and severity of disease (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.08-5.15; p=0.76), virus clearance time (HR 1.16, 95% CI 0.65-2.01; p=0.62), and length of hospital stay (HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.66-1.84; p=0.71). Of the pregnant women, 22 delivered 23 live births, either by cesarean section (17, 60.7%) or vaginal delivery (5, 17.9%), and no neonate was infected with SARS-CoV-2. Pregnant women have comparable clinical courses and outcomes with reproductive-aged non-pregnant women when infected with SARS-CoV-2. No evidence supported vertical transmission of COVID-19 in the late stage of pregnancy, including vaginal delivery."}, {"pmid": 32484966, "title": "Using the prone position could help to combat the development of fast hypoxia in some patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Lindahl, Sten G E"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484966", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is facing an explosive COVID-19 pandemic. Some cases rapidly develop deteriorating lung function, which causes deep hypoxaemia and requires urgent treatment. Many centres have started treating patients in the prone position and oxygenation has improved considerably in some cases. Questions have been raised regarding the mechanisms behind this. The mini-review provides some insights into the role of supine and prone body positions and summarises the latest understanding of the responsible mechanisms. The scope for discussion is outside the neonatal period and entirely based on experimental and clinical experiences related to adults. The human respiratory system is a complex interplay of many different variables. Therefore, this mini-review has prioritised previous and ongoing research to find explanations based on three scientific areas: gravity, lung structure and fractal geometry and vascular regulation. It concludes that gravity is one of the variables responsible for ventilation/perfusion matching but in concert with lung structure and fractal geometry, ventilation and regulation of lung vascular tone. Since ventilation distribution does not change between supine and prone positions, the higher expression of nitric oxide in dorsal lung vessels than in ventral vessels, is likely to be the most important mechanism behind enhanced oxygenation in the prone position."}, {"pmid": 32420936, "title": "Treatments for COVID-19: emerging drugs against the coronavirus.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Poti, Francesco", "Pozzoli, Cristina", "Adami, Maristella", "Poli, Enzo", "Costa, Lucio G"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420936", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) outbreak has been recognized as a global threat to public health. It is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and no effective therapies currently exist against this novel viral agent. Along with extensive public health measures, an unprecedented global effort in identifying effective drugs for the treatment is being implemented. Potential drug targets are emerging as the result of a fast-evolving understanding of SARS-CoV-2 virology, host response to the infection, and clinical course of the disease. This brief review focuses on the latest and most promising pharmacological treatments against COVID-19 currently under investigation and discuss their potential use based on either documented efficacy in similar viral infections, or their activity against inflammatory syndromes. Ongoing clinical trials are also emphasized."}, {"pmid": 32455617, "title": "Novel Dynamic Structures of 2019-nCoV with Nonlocal Operator via Powerful Computational Technique.", "journal": "Biology (Basel)", "authors": ["Gao, Wei", "Veeresha, P", "Prakasha, D G", "Baskonus, Haci Mehmet"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455617", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this study, we investigate the infection system of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) with a nonlocal operator defined in the Caputo sense. With the help of the fractional natural decomposition method (FNDM), which is based on the Adomian decomposition and natural transform methods, numerical results were obtained to better understand the dynamical structures of the physical behavior of 2019-nCoV. Such behaviors observe the general properties of the mathematical model of 2019-nCoV. This mathematical model is composed of data reported from the city of Wuhan, China."}, {"pmid": 32531128, "title": "Cardiac surgery in patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection: Early experience.", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Hussain, Azhar", "Khan, Habib", "Lopez-Marco, Ana", "Roberts, Neil", "Oo, Aung"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531128", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus, now termed SARS-CoV-2, has caused a significant global impact in the space of 4 months. Almost all elective cardiac surgical operations have been postponed in order to reduce transmission and to allocate resources adequately. Urgent and emergency cardiac surgery is still taking place during the pandemic. The decision to operate in urgent patients with active/recent COVID-19 infection is difficult to make, particularly as it is still an unknown disease entity in the setting of emergent cardiac surgery. We present a case series of three patients who underwent urgent cardiac surgery and who have had recent or active COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32488991, "title": "Managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus during COVID-19 Pandemic: The Bittersweet.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Res Rev", "authors": ["Yehya, Amin", "Carbone, Salvatore"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488991", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32205399, "title": "WHO must prioritise the needs of older people in its response to the covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Lloyd-Sherlock, Peter G", "Kalache, Alexandre", "McKee, Martin", "Derbyshire, Justin", "Geffen, Leon", "Casas, F Gomez-Olive"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205399", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404480, "title": "Evaluation of a rapid diagnostic assay for detection of SARS CoV-2 antigen in nasopharyngeal swab.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Lambert-Niclot, Sidonie", "Cuffel, Alexis", "Le Pape, Samuel", "Vauloup-Fellous, Christelle", "Morand-Joubert, Laurence", "Roque-Afonso, Anne-Marie", "Le Goff, Jerome", "Delaugerre, Constance"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404480", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus causing causing Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported for the first time in Wuhan (Hubei, China) in December 2019 (1, 2) and has become a major public health concern all over the world.\u2026."}, {"pmid": 32437696, "pmcid": "PMC7207119", "title": "Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of 421 Patients With COVID-19 Treated in a Mobile Cabin Hospital.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Xiong, Zhongwei", "Xin, Can", "Yan, Xixi", "Cai, Yuankun", "Zhou, Keyao", "Xie, Chuanshun", "Zhang, Tingbao", "Wu, Xiaohui", "Liu, Kui", "Li, Zhiqiang", "Wang, Wei", "Chen, Jincao"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437696", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel coronavirus-associated pneumonia, now known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was first detected in Wuhan, China. To prevent the rapid spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and treat patients with mild symptoms, sports stadiums and convention centers were reconstructed into mobile hospitals. It is unknown whether a mobile cabin hospital can provide a safe treatment site for patients with mild COVID-19 symptoms. This study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 421 patients with COVID-19 admitted to a mobile cabin hospital in Wuhan from February 9, 2020, to March 5, 2020. Clinical data comprised patient age, sex, clinical presentation, chest imaging, nucleic acid testing, length of hospitalization, and outcomes. Of the patients who were discharged from the cabin hospital, 362 (86.0%) were categorized as recovered; 14.0%\u00a0developed severe symptoms and were transferred to a designated hospital. The most common presenting symptoms were fever (60.6%) and cough (52.0%); 5.2%\u00a0exhibited no obvious symptoms. High fever (> 39.0\u00b0C) was more common in severe cases than in recovered cases (18.6%\u00a0vs\u00a06.6%). The distribution of lung lesions was peripheral in 85.0%\u00a0of patients, multifocal in 69.4%, and bilateral in 68.2%. The most common pattern was ground-glass opacity (67.7%), followed by patchy shadowing (49.2%). The incidence of patchy shadowing was higher in patients with severe disease (66.1%) than in those who recovered (31.8%, P\u00a0< .0001). The median length of hospitalization was 17\u00a0days (interquartile range, 14-19\u00a0days), and the median time taken for positive real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction results to become negative in recovered patients was 8\u00a0days (interquartile range, 6-10\u00a0days). Mobile cabin hospitals provide a safe treatment site for patients with mild COVID-19 symptoms and offer an effective isolation area to prevent the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus\u00a02."}, {"pmid": 32436485, "pmcid": "PMC7264452", "title": "Coronavirus conspiracy beliefs, mistrust, and compliance with government guidelines in England.", "journal": "Psychol Med", "authors": ["Freeman, Daniel", "Waite, Felicity", "Rosebrock, Laina", "Petit, Ariane", "Causier, Chiara", "East, Anna", "Jenner, Lucy", "Teale, Ashley-Louise", "Carr, Lydia", "Mulhall, Sophie", "Bold, Emily", "Lambe, Sinead"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436485", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An invisible threat has visibly altered the world. Governments and key institutions have had to implement decisive responses to the danger posed by the coronavirus pandemic. Imposed change will increase the likelihood that alternative explanations take hold. In a proportion of the general population there may be strong scepticism, fear of being misled, and false conspiracy theories. Our objectives were to estimate the prevalence of conspiracy thinking about the pandemic and test associations with reduced adherence to government guidelines. A non-probability online survey with 2501 adults in England, quota sampled to match the population for age, gender, income, and region. Approximately 50% of this population showed little evidence of conspiracy thinking, 25% showed a degree of endorsement, 15% showed a consistent pattern of endorsement, and 10% had very high levels of endorsement. Higher levels of coronavirus conspiracy thinking were associated with less adherence to all government guidelines and less willingness to take diagnostic or antibody tests or to be vaccinated. Such ideas were also associated with paranoia, general vaccination conspiracy beliefs, climate change conspiracy belief, a conspiracy mentality, and distrust in institutions and professions. Holding coronavirus conspiracy beliefs was also associated with being more likely to share opinions. In England there is appreciable endorsement of conspiracy beliefs about coronavirus. Such ideas do not appear confined to the fringes. The conspiracy beliefs connect to other forms of mistrust and are associated with less compliance with government guidelines and greater unwillingness to take up future tests and treatment."}, {"pmid": 32469629, "title": "Engaging students during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Educ Prim Care", "authors": ["Veremu, Munashe", "Santucci, Catherine", "McMaster, David"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469629", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313713, "pmcid": "PMC7165242", "title": "Optimization of the intravenous infusion workflow in the isolation ward for patients with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Int J Nurs Sci", "authors": ["Song, Yan", "Wang, Wenhui", "Zhang, Lijun", "Sha, Li", "Lu, Guilan"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313713", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to evaluate the effect of optimization of the intravenous\u00a0infusion workflow in isolation wards for patients with coronavirus disease 2019. The infusion management group optimized the intravenous\u00a0infusion workflow based on Hamer's Process Reengineering Theory and applied it to the treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019. The work efficiency, patients' satisfaction and economic indicators before and after optimization were compared. After the infusion workflow was optimized, average times for preparation drugs and intravenous admixture, and patients' waiting time decreased from 4.84\u00a0min, 4.03\u00a0min, and 34.33\u00a0min to 3.50\u00a0min, 2.60\u00a0min, and 30.87\u00a0min, respectively, patients' satisfaction increased from 66.7% to 93.3%, and the cost of personal protective equipment (PPE) decreased from 46.67 sets and 186.6 CNY per day to 36.17 sets and 144.6 CNY, with statistical significance. The optimization of the intravenous infusion workflow can effectively decrease the cost of PPE while improving the efficiency of infusion and patients' satisfaction."}, {"pmid": 32418875, "pmcid": "PMC7252099", "title": "COVID-19 and Acute Heart Failure: Screening the Critically Ill - A Position Statement of the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ).", "journal": "Heart Lung Circ", "authors": ["Lal, Sean", "Hayward, Christopher S", "De Pasquale, Carmine", "Kaye, David", "Javorsky, George", "Bergin, Peter", "Atherton, John J", "Ilton, Marcus K", "Weintraub, Robert G", "Nair, Priya", "Rudas, Mate", "Dembo, Lawrence", "Doughty, Robert N", "Kumarasinghe, Gayathri", "Juergens, Craig", "Bannon, Paul G", "Bart, Nicole K", "Chow, Clara K", "Lattimore, Jo-Dee", "Kritharides, Leonard", "Totaro, Richard", "Macdonald, Peter S"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418875", "countries": ["New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Up to one-third of COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care develop an acute cardiomyopathy, which may represent myocarditis or stress cardiomyopathy. Further, while mortality in older patients with COVID-19 appears related to multi-organ failure complicating acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the cause of death in younger patients may be related to acute heart failure. Cardiac involvement needs to be considered early on in critically ill COVID-19 patients, and even after the acute respiratory phase is passing. This Statement presents a screening algorithm to better identify COVID-19 patients at risk for severe heart failure and circulatory collapse, while balancing the need to protect health care workers and preserve personal protective equipment (PPE). The significance of serum troponin levels and the role of telemetry and targeted transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in patient investigation and management are addressed, as are fundamental considerations in the management of acute heart failure in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32468143, "pmcid": "PMC7255445", "title": "Heparin-Related Major Bleeding in Covid-19-Positive Patient: Perspective from the Outbreak.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol", "authors": ["Lucatelli, Pierleone", "De Rubeis, Gianluca", "Citone, Michele", "Lucarelli, Nicola Maria", "Pasqualini, Valerio", "Sturiale, Mauro", "Giuliani, Silvia", "Rosati, Marzia", "Ceccherini, Claudio", "Corona, Mario", "Mosconi, Cristina", "Utili, Alice", "Argiro, Renato"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468143", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501804, "title": "Digital Health Strategies To Fight Covid-19 Around The Globe: Challenges And Recommendations.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Fagherazzi, Guy", "Goetzinger, Catherine", "Rashid, Mohammed Ally", "Aguayo, Gloria", "Huiart, Laetitia"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501804", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic urges coordinated mechanisms to respond to the outbreak across health sectors and digital health solutions have been identified as promising pillars to tackle this challenge. This editorial discusses the current situation regarding digital health solutions to fight Covid-19 as well as the challenges and ethical hurdles for a broader and long term implementation. In order to decrease the risk of infection, telemedicine was used as a successful healthcare model in both emergency and primary care. Official communication plans should promote easy and diverse channels to inform the population and to avoid rumors and reduce threats to public health. Social media such as Twitter or Google trends analyses are highly beneficial to model trends of the pandemic as well as to monitor the evolution of peoples' symptoms or reaction to the pandemic over time. However, acceptability of digital solutions has to be confronted with cultural, moral and religious backgrounds. With the priority given to a collective public health benefit, digital tools may sometimes be intrusive and can erode individual freedoms or leave vulnerable populations behind. This pandemic showed the strong potential of the various digital health solutions tested in the Covid-19 crisis. More concerted measures should now ensure future digital health initiatives to have a greater impact on the epidemic and most strategic needs to ease the life of those who are at the front of the crisis."}, {"pmid": 32475376, "title": "The Role of Integrated Mental Health and Community Trusts in Responding to the Covid-19 Pandemic in the UK.", "journal": "BJPsych Bull", "authors": ["Tracy, Derek", "Forrest, Anna", "Underwood, Benjamin R"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475376", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530423, "title": "Use of the Demographic and Health Survey framework as a population surveillance strategy for COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Subramanian, S V", "James, K S"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530423", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429948, "pmcid": "PMC7235547", "title": "Costing of actions to safeguard vulnerable Mexican households with young children from the consequences of COVID-19 social distancing measures.", "journal": "Int J Equity Health", "authors": ["Vilar-Compte, Mireya", "Perez, Victor", "Teruel, Graciela", "Alonso, Aranzazu", "Perez-Escamilla, Rafael"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429948", "countries": ["Mexico"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has imposed unprecedented challenges to society. As the pandemic evolves, the social distancing measures that have been globally enforced, while essential, are having undesirable socioeconomic side effects particularly among vulnerable populations. In Mexico, families who depend upon informal employment face increased threats to their wellbeing, and households who in addition have young children may face long-term consequences. The Mexican government has not yet taken actions, but a coalition of non-governmental organizations is advocating in partnership with academic institutions for social protection actions such as a cash transfer and basic services subsidies for families with young children, subsisting from the informal sector economy. To facilitate governmental action, we estimated the costs for implementation of these recommendations. The methodology used could be replicated in other countries facing similar challenges."}, {"pmid": 32187887, "pmcid": "PMC7167677", "title": "Insight into COVID-2019 for pediatricians.", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["Li, Yuanzhe", "Guo, FeiFei", "Cao, Yang", "Li, LiFeng", "Guo, YanJun"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32187887", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, patients with unexplained pneumonia have been found in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. The pathogen in these cases is a new type of coronavirus. The World Health Organization confirmed this diagnosis and named the pathogen SARSCoV-2. The disease caused by SARSCoV-2 is called Corona Virus Disease (COVID-2019). The virus is highly infectious and pathogenic, causing human-to-human transmission. At present, SARSCoV-2 is still rampant in the world. Zhengzhou City in Henan Province serves as an example, 102 people have been confirmed to be infected with SARSCoV-2 (at 24:00 on February 5th, 2020), including three children, the youngest is 4 years old. From the perspective of clinical pediatricians as the first line fighting the epidemic, this paper will discuss the clinical characteristics, prevention and control measures, outcomes, diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric cases."}, {"pmid": 32531537, "title": "RAGE receptor: May be a potential inflammatory mediator for SARS-COV-2 infection?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Kerkeni, Mohsen", "Gharbi, Jawhar"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531537", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397844, "pmcid": "PMC7256347", "title": "Using X-ray images and deep learning for automated detection of coronavirus disease.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["El Asnaoui, Khalid", "Chawki, Youness"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397844", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus is still the leading cause of death worldwide. There are a set number of COVID-19 test units accessible in emergency clinics because of the expanding cases daily. Therefore, it is important to implement an automatic detection and classification system as a speedy elective finding choice to forestall COVID-19 spreading among individuals. Medical images analysis is one of the most promising research areas, it provides facilities for diagnosis and making decisions of a number of diseases such as Coronavirus. This paper conducts a comparative study of the use of the recent deep learning models (VGG16, VGG19, DenseNet201, Inception_ResNet_V2, Inception_V3, Resnet50, and MobileNet_V2) to deal with detection and classification of coronavirus pneumonia. The experiments were conducted using chest X-ray & CT dataset of 6087 images (2780 images of bacterial pneumonia, 1493 of coronavirus, 231 of Covid19, and 1583 normal) and confusion matrices are used to evaluate model performances. Results found out that the use of inception_Resnet_V2 and Densnet201 provide better results compared to other models used in this work (92.18% accuracy for Inception-ResNetV2 and 88.09% accuracy for Densnet201).Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32356698, "pmcid": "PMC7231661", "title": "Quality improvement in the time of coronavirus disease 2019 - A change strategy well suited to pandemic response.", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Mondoux, Shawn", "Thull-Freedman, Jennifer", "Dowling, Shawn", "Gardner, Katie", "Taher, Ahmed", "Gupta, Rakesh", "Trivedi, Sachin", "Lindsay, Heather", "Finlayson, Annie", "Berthelot, Simon", "Kwok, Edmund", "Chartier, Lucas"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356698", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496723, "title": "COVID-19: The impact on pediatric emergency care", "journal": "Pediatr Emerg Med Pract", "authors": ["Walker, David M", "Tolentino, Victorio R"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496723", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although there is still much that is not understood, experience with previous coronavirus outbreaks and available data on COVID-19 indicate a reduced propensity to affect children. Nonetheless, serious complications\u2014although rare\u2014are being seen in pediatric patients. This review, written with the emergency medicine clinician in mind, describes the epidemiology, clinical features, and management implications for COVID-19 in pediatric patients. It includes a discussion of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19, as well as other aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic that are affecting children and families, such as poisonings, childhood immunizations, mental health, nonaccidental trauma, and neglect."}, {"pmid": 32247384, "pmcid": "PMC7270070", "title": "Developing antibody tests for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Petherick, Anna"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247384", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526371, "title": "SARS-COV-2 infection: Across the border into the family.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Antinori, Spinello", "Torre, Alessandro", "Antinori, Carolina", "Bonazzetti, Cecilia", "Sollima, Salvatore", "Ridolfo, Anna Lisa", "Galli, Massimo"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526371", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374956, "title": "Acute Cor Pulmonale in Critically Ill Patients with Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Creel-Bulos, Christina", "Hockstein, Maxwell", "Amin, Neha", "Melhem, Samer", "Truong, Alexander", "Sharifpour, Milad"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374956", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409866, "pmcid": "PMC7224589", "title": "We Asked the Experts: Virtual Learning in Surgical Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic-Shaping the Future of Surgical Education and Training.", "journal": "World J Surg", "authors": ["Ehrlich, Haley", "McKenney, Mark", "Elkbuli, Adel"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409866", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359771, "pmcid": "PMC7141471", "title": "Urgent Guidance for Navigating and Circumventing the QTc-Prolonging and Torsadogenic Potential of Possible Pharmacotherapies for Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Mayo Clin Proc", "authors": ["Giudicessi, John R", "Noseworthy, Peter A", "Friedman, Paul A", "Ackerman, Michael J"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359771", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) global pandemic rages across the globe, the race to prevent and treat this deadly disease has led to the \"off-label\" repurposing of drugs such as hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir, which have the potential for unwanted QT-interval prolongation and a risk of drug-induced sudden cardiac death. With the possibility that a considerable proportion of the world's population soon could receive COVID-19 pharmacotherapies with torsadogenic potential for therapy or postexposure prophylaxis, this document serves to help health care professionals mitigate the risk of drug-induced ventricular arrhythmias while minimizing risk of COVID-19 exposure to personnel and conserving the limited supply of personal protective equipment."}, {"pmid": 32363707, "title": "Studies on viral pneumonia related to novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV: a literature review.", "journal": "APMIS", "authors": ["Liya, Guo", "Yuguang, Wang", "Jian, Liu", "Huaiping, Yuan", "Xue, Han", "Jianwei, Huo", "Jiaju, Ma", "Youran, Lu", "Chen, Ming", "Yiqing, Jiao"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363707", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses are a class of RNA viruses that can cause respiratory and intestinal infections in animals and humans. SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 [2019-nCoV]) belong to the family Coronaviridae and the genus Betacoronavirus. At present, the understanding of SARS-CoV-2 is getting deeper and deeper. In order to better prevent and treat SARS-CoV-2, this article compares the infectivity, pathogenicity, and related clinical characteristics of the three human pathogenic coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV to help us further understand the pathogenic characteristics of novel coronaviruses."}, {"pmid": 32306513, "title": "Successful guselkumab treatment in a psoriatic patient affected with Cornelia de Lange syndrome, and prosecution during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Mugheddu, Cristina", "Dell'Antonia, Massimo", "Sanna, Silvia", "Agosta, Daniele", "Atzori, Laura", "Rongioletti, Franco"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306513", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Psychomotor delay and intellectual disability are potential limitations in psoriasis management, due to low compliance, and strict dependence from caregivers intervention. We report our successful experience with a 58-year-old woman, who was genetically affected by Cornelia De Lange syndrome, which causes intellectual disability and psychomotor disorders. The patient had been already treated with topical and traditional therapies, without any clinical benefits. Eventually, she adhered to guselkumab treatment. The compliance was excellent, significant improvements were observed after only 3\u2009months of treatment, without adverse effects. During follow-up, the COVID-19 pandemic address concern on the possible increased risk of infection due to immunosuppression. In agreement with current Italian recommendations, risk and benefits profile was discussed with the patient's legal tutor and the decision to continue the treatment was taken. Psoriasis complete clarification was maintained during the most difficult period of the Italian outbreak, allowing the patient to remain safely at home."}, {"pmid": 32311328, "pmcid": "PMC7164901", "title": "Gaps in India's preparedness for COVID-19 control.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chetterje, Patralekha"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311328", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292244, "pmcid": "PMC7111621", "title": "Science Education in the Era of a Pandemic: How Can History, Philosophy and Sociology of Science Contribute to Education for Understanding and Solving the Covid-19 Crisis?", "journal": "Sci Educ (Dordr)", "authors": ["Erduran, Sibel"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292244", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32272083, "pmcid": "PMC7270778", "title": "Love in the time of COVID-19: negligence in the Nicaraguan response.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Salazar Mather, Thais P", "Gallo Marin, Benjamin", "Medina Perez, Giancarlo", "Christophers, Briana", "Paiva, Marcelo L", "Oliva, Rocio", "Hijaz, Baraa A", "Prado, Andrea M", "Jarquin, Mateo C", "Moretti, Katelyn", "Gonzalez Marques, Catalina", "Murillo, Alejandro", "Tobin-Tyler, Elizabeth"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272083", "countries": ["Nicaragua"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348554, "pmcid": "PMC7267275", "title": "Global reporting of cases of COVID-19 in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis: an opportunity to inform care during a pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Dermatol", "authors": ["Mahil, S K", "Yiu, Z Z N", "Mason, K J", "Dand, N", "Coker, B", "Wall, D", "Fletcher, G", "Bosma, A", "Capon, F", "Iversen, L", "Langan, S M", "Di Meglio, P", "Musters, A", "Prieto-Merino, D", "Tsakok, T", "Warren, R B", "Flohr, C", "Spuls, P", "Griffiths, C E M", "Barker, J", "Irvine, A D", "Smith, C H"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348554", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347054, "title": "[Strategies for vaccine development of COVID-19].", "journal": "Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao", "authors": ["Yang, Limin", "Tian, Deyu", "Liu, Wenjun"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347054", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An epidemic of acute respiratory syndrome in humans, which appeared in Wuhan, China in December 2019, was caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). This disease was named as \"Coronavirus Disease 2019\" (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 was first identified as an etiological pathogen of COVID-19, belonging to the species of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoV). The speed of both the geographical transmission and the sudden increase in numbers of cases is much faster than SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). COVID-19 is the first global pandemic caused by a coronavirus, which outbreaks in 211 countries/territories/areas. The vaccine against COVID-19, regarded as an effective prophylactic strategy for control and prevention, is being developed in about 90 institutions worldwide. The experiences and lessons encountered in the previous SARS and MERS vaccine research can be used for reference in the development of COVID-19 vaccine. The present paper hopes to provide some insights for COVID-19 vaccines researchers."}, {"pmid": 32470513, "pmcid": "PMC7250547", "title": "Declining Admissions for Acute Cardiovascular Illness: The Covid-19 Paradox.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Ebinger, Joseph E", "Shah, Prediman K"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470513", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418320, "title": "Urticaria in a patient with COVID-19: Therapeutic and diagnostic difficulties.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Aktas, Habibullah", "Hamidi, Aziz Ahmad"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418320", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488686, "pmcid": "PMC7266651", "title": "Role of point-of-care ultrasound during the COVID-19 pandemic: our recommendations in the management of dialytic patients.", "journal": "Ultrasound J", "authors": ["Vieira, Ana Luisa Silveira", "Pazeli Junior, Jose Muniz", "Bastos, Marcus Gomes"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488686", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a viral disease due to the infection of the novel Corona virus SARS-CoV-2, that has rapidly spread in many countries until the World Health Organization declared the pandemic from March 11, 2020. Elderly patients and those affected by hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and chronic pulmonary and cardiovascular conditions are more susceptible to present more severe forms of COVID-19. These conditions are often represented in dialytic renal end-stage patients. Moreover, dialysis patients are more vulnerable to infection due to suppression of the immune system. Growing evidences, although still supported by few publications, are showing the potential utility of ultrasound in patients with COVID-19. In\u00a0this\u00a0review,\u00a0we\u00a0share\u00a0our\u00a0experience\u00a0in\u00a0using\u00a0point-of-care\u00a0ultrasound, particularly lung ultrasound, to indicate the probability of COVID-19 in patients with end-stage renal disease treated by hemodialysis. We also propose recommendations for the application of lung ultrasound, focused echocardiography and inferior vena cava ultrasound in the management of patients in hemodialysis."}, {"pmid": 32496233, "title": "The armed forces medical services response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Banerji, Anup"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496233", "countries": ["China", "India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Indian Armed Forces have always responded to the Nation's call and the COVID-19 pandemic response has been no different. On instructions from the Government of India, the Armed Forces Medical Services (AFMS) pitched in right from the initial stages of the epidemic in India as part of a coordinated national response. Be it the execution of medical quarantine for Indian citizens evacuated from China and other COVID affected countries or establishing dedicated and mixed COVID hospitals for its own clientele as well as civilian patients, the AFMS worked in tandem with the national policies. The Armed Forces ensured force preservation and protection of its own troops and families by timely implementation of public health measures, even as it played its designated role in the national strategy. With vision, understanding and clarity, the AFMS continue to lend shoulder to India's response to this global public health challenge."}, {"pmid": 32191167, "title": "COVID-19: What implications for sexual and reproductive health and rights globally?", "journal": "Sex Reprod Health Matters", "authors": ["Hussein, Julia"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32191167", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275753, "pmcid": "PMC7184376", "title": "Plasminogen improves lung lesions and hypoxemia in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Wu, Yuanyuan", "Wang, Ting", "Guo, Chunying", "Zhang, Dongmei", "Ge, Xiaojing", "Huang, Zhaoxing", "Zhou, Xianshan", "Li, Yinping", "Peng, Qingzhen", "Li, Jinan"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275753", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lungs from patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have shown typical signs of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), formation of hyaline membrane mainly composed of fibrin, and 'ground-glass' opacity. Previously, we showed plasminogen itself is a key regulator in fibrin degradation, wound healing and infection. We aimed to investigate whether plasminogen can improve lung lesions and hypoxemia of COVID-19. Thirteen clinically moderate, severe or critical COVID-19 patients were treated with atomization inhalation of freeze-dried plasminogen. Levels of their lung lesions, oxygen saturation and heart rates were compared before and after treatment by CT scanning images and patient monitor. After plasminogen inhalation, conditions of lung lesions in 5 clinically moderate patients have quickly improved, shown as the decreased range and density of 'ground glass' opacity. Improvements of oxygen saturation were observed in 6 clinically severe patients. In the 2 patients with critical conditions, the oxygen levels have significantly increased from 79-82% to 91% just about 1\u2009hour after the first inhalation. In 8 of 13 patients the heart rates had slowed down. For the 5 clinically moderate patients, the difference is even statistically significant. Furthermore, a general relief of chest tightness was observed. Whereas it is reported that plasminogen is dramatically increased in adults with ARDS, this study suggests that additional plasminogen may be effective and efficient in treating lung lesions and hypoxemia during COVID-19 infections. Although further studies are needed, this study highlights a possible hope of efficiently combating this rapid epidemic emergency."}, {"pmid": 32382746, "pmcid": "PMC7239124", "title": "Clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in Japan: a single-center case series.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kobayashi, Ken-Ichiro", "Kaki, Takahiro", "Mizuno, Shinsuke", "Kubo, Kenji", "Komiya, Nobuhiro", "Otsu, Satoko"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382746", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a case series of 6 patients with confirmed COVID-19 in Wakayama prefecture, Japan. All 6 of the patients tested positive in pharyngeal swab PCR tests, and 2 of the 6 were still positive at 3 weeks after onset. All of the patients exhibited bilateral ground glass opacities (GGO) on computed tomography (CT). This paper also reports narrative information on the spectrum of symptoms collected directly from the patients. It would be difficult to triage patients with COVID-19 based on the typical symptoms of fever and/or cough, although PCR and CT are definitive in diagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32364319, "pmcid": "PMC7267394", "title": "Coronavirus conversations, in a time of logarithm.", "journal": "FASEB J", "authors": ["Pederson, Thoru"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364319", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32077662, "title": "[Analysis of low positive rate of nucleic acid detection method used for diagnosis of novel coronavirus pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, C B"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32077662", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419772, "pmcid": "PMC7225710", "title": "[HOME CARE AND COVID-19. BEFORE, IN AND AFTER THE STATE OF ALARM].", "journal": "Enferm Clin", "authors": ["Ramon Martinez Riera, Jose", "Gras-Nieto, Elvira"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419772", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In Spain, Home Care as a fundamental tool of Primary Health Care, has had uneven development both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, although it initially played a relevant role in the control and monitoring of infected people and their families. However, at no time it was used the desirable community perspective and community participation throughout the process as it has been successfully done in other settings. Subsequently, with the closure of health centers, it ceased to be provided in some autonomous communities, when all the attention was transferred to the hospital setting. This exacerbated hospital-centrism, to the detriment of PHC and Home Care, is showing a high contagion in healthcare professionals. The circulation of professionals in the hospitals, where the main focus of infection is concentrated, and from these to their homes is a clear risk factor. In addition, we must not forget that Home Care is of special importance for the care of people with terminal illnesses or very advanced chronic diseases (dementia, COPD ...), although always taking into account recommendations tending to extreme precautions for infection for professionals, family and caregivers. This can be adapted to the pandemic situation by using tools that digital health offers (telephone care, video calls ...). Finally, it would be very interesting that, once the crisis was over, research was carried out that allowed the incorporation of people who have been treated by the health service during the pandemic, through the technique called public participation in research projects."}, {"pmid": 32329979, "title": "Rapid point-of-care antibody cassette tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: practical considerations.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Tomasik, Przemyslaw", "Krotki, Filipina", "Jonca, Mateusz", "Anyszek, Tomasz"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329979", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306854, "pmcid": "PMC7189410", "title": "Novel guanosine derivatives against MERS CoV polymerase: An in silico perspective.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Elfiky, Abdo A", "Azzam, Eman B"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306854", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS CoV), also termed camel flu, is a new viral infection that first reported in the year 2012 in the Middle East region and further spread during the last seven years. MERS CoV is characterized by its high mortality rate among different human coronaviruses. MERS CoV polymerase shares more than 20% sequence identity with the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Non-structural 5b (NS5b) RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Despite the low sequence identity, the active site is conserved between the two proteins, with two consecutive aspartates that are crucial in the nucleotide transfer reaction. In this study, seven nucleotide inhibitors have been tested against MERS CoV RdRp using molecular modeling and docking simulations, from which four are novel compounds. Molecular Dynamics Simulation for 260 nanoseconds is performed on the MERS CoV RdRp model to test the effect of protein dynamics on the binding affinities to the tested nucleotide inhibitors. Results support the hypothesis of using the anti-polymerases (Anti-HCV drugs) against MERS CoV RdRp as a potent candidates. Besides four novel compounds are suggested as a seed for high performance inhibitors against MERS CoV RdRp.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32364826, "title": "Telehealth in Oncology During the COVID-19 Outbreak: Bringing the House Call Back Virtually.", "journal": "JCO Oncol Pract", "authors": ["Liu, Raymond", "Sundaresan, Tilak", "Reed, Mary E", "Trosman, Julia R", "Weldon, Christine B", "Kolevska, Tatjana"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364826", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441435, "title": "Where do we stand as dermatologists in combat with COVID-19.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Goldust, Mohamad", "Shivakumar, Swathi", "Kroumpouzos, George", "Murrell, Dedee F", "Mueller, Simon M", "Navarini, Alexander A"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441435", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294248, "pmcid": "PMC7235512", "title": "Improving communication about COVID-19 and emerging infectious diseases.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Jacobsen, Kathryn H", "Vraga, Emily K"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294248", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255312, "title": "A possible probiotic (S. salivarius K12) approach to improve oral and lung microbiotas and raise defenses against SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Minerva Med", "authors": ["Di Pierro, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255312", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374906, "pmcid": "PMC7267601", "title": "Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia associated with COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Lazarian, Gregory", "Quinquenel, Anne", "Bellal, Mathieu", "Siavellis, Justine", "Jacquy, Caroline", "Re, Daniel", "Merabet, Fatiha", "Mekinian, Arsene", "Braun, Thorsten", "Damaj, Gandhi", "Delmer, Alain", "Cymbalista, Florence"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374906", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391741, "title": "CT Scans Obtained for Nonpulmonary Indications: Associated Respiratory Findings of COVID-19.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Hossain, Rydhwana", "Lazarus, Matthew S", "Roudenko, Alexandra", "Dako, Farouk", "Mehta, Varun", "Alis, Jonathan", "Zalta, Benjamin", "Lei, Brandon", "Haramati, Linda B", "White, Charles S"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391741", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background Atypical manifestations of COVID-19 are being encountered as the pandemic unfolds, leading to non-chest CT scans that may uncover unsuspected pulmonary disease. Purpose To investigate patients with primary non-respiratory symptoms who underwent abdomen/pelvis or cervical spine/neck CT with unsuspected findings highly suspicious for pulmonary COVID-19. Materials and Methods This retrospective study from March 10, 2020 to April 6, 2020 involved three institutions, two in a region considered a hotspot (area of high prevalence) for COVID-19. Patients without known COVID-19 were included who presented to the emergency room (ER) with primary non-respiratory [gastrointestinal (GI) or neurological] symptoms, had lung parenchymal findings suspicious for COVID-19 on a non-chest CT but no concurrent chest CT and had COVID-19 testing in the ER. Group 1 patients had RT PCR obtained pre-CT read (COVID-19 suspected on presentation); Group 2 had RT PCR obtained post-CT read (COVID-19 not suspected). Presentation and imaging findings were compared and outcomes were evaluated. Descriptive statistics and Fisher exact tests were used for analysis. Results Group 1 comprised 62 patients [31 men, 31 women, mean age 67(SD \u00b117) years] and group 2 comprised 57 patients [28 men, 29 women, mean age 63(SD \u00b1 16) years). Cough and fever were more common in group 1 (37/62, 60%, 29/62, 47%) than group 2 (9/57, 16%, 12/57, 21%) respectively, with no significant difference in the remaining symptoms. There were 101 abdomen/pelvis and 18 cervical spine/neck CTs. In Group 1, non-chest CT findings provided the initial evidence of COVID-19 related pneumonia in 32/62 (52%); for Group 2, it was 44/57 (77%). Overall, the most common CT findings were ground glass opacity (114/119, 96%) and consolidation (47/119,40%). 29/119 (24%) patients required major interventions (vasopressor medication or intubation) and 27/119 (23%) died. Patients who underwent cervical spine/neck CT had worse outcomes than those with abdominal/pelvic CT (p =0.01). Conclusion In a substantial percentage of patients with primary non-respiratory symptoms who underwent non-chest CT, the CT provided the first evidence of COVID-19 related pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32368607, "pmcid": "PMC7196903", "title": "The Response of Women's Dermatologic Society and the International Journal of Women's Dermatology to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Womens Dermatol", "authors": ["Murase, Jenny E", "Murrell, Dedee F"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368607", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32026672, "title": "[Urgent research agenda for the novel coronavirus epidemic: transmission and non-pharmaceutical mitigation strategies].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-02-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32026672", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32480327, "title": "Benign course of COVID-19 in a multiple sclerosis patient treated with Ocrelizumab.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Suwanwongse, Kulachanya", "Shabarek, Nehad"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480327", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522846, "title": "ACE2 and COVID-19 and the resulting ARDS.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Zhang, Xiaoqing", "Li, Shuren", "Niu, Shaoqian"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522846", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article reviews the correlation between ACE2 and COVID-19 and the resulting acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ACE2 is a crucial component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The classical ACE-angiotensin \u2161 (Ang II)-angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) axis and the ACE2-Ang(1-7)-Mas counter-regulatory axis play an essential role in RAS system. ACE2 antagonises the activation of the classical RAS ACE-Ang II-AT1R axis and protects against lung injury. Similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) also uses ACE2 for cell entry. ARDS is a clinical high-mortality disease which is probably due to the excessive activation of RAS caused by 2019-nCoV infection, and ACE2 has a protective effect on ARDS caused by COVID-19. Because of these protective effects of ACE2 on ARDS, the development of drugs enhancing ACE2 activity may become one of the most promising approaches for the treatment of COVID-19 in the near future. In the meantime, however, the use of RAS blockers such as ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers that inhibit the damaging (ACE-Ang II) arm of the RAS cascade in the lung may also be promising. Trial registration number: NCT04287686."}, {"pmid": 31992543, "title": "The coronavirus outbreak: the central role of primary care in emergency preparedness and response.", "journal": "BJGP Open", "authors": ["Dunlop, Catherine", "Howe, Amanda", "Li, Donald", "Allen, Luke N"], "date": "2020-01-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31992543", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267765, "title": "COVID-19 in the community.", "journal": "Br J Community Nurs", "authors": ["Kurtkoti, Rucha"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267765", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437571, "title": "Estimating Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection Risk in Health Care Workers.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung", "Wong, Shuk-Ching", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437571", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305574, "pmcid": "PMC7162766", "title": "Meningoencephalitis without respiratory failure in a young female patient with COVID-19 infection in Downtown Los Angeles, early April 2020.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Duong, Lisa", "Xu, Prissilla", "Liu, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305574", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498070, "title": "A Call for Addressing Barriers to Telemedicine: Health Disparities during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Psychother Psychosom", "authors": ["Zhai, Yusen"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498070", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276929, "title": "TMPRSS2 and COVID-19: Serendipity or Opportunity for Intervention?", "journal": "Cancer Discov", "authors": ["Stopsack, Konrad H", "Mucci, Lorelei A", "Antonarakis, Emmanuel S", "Nelson, Peter S", "Kantoff, Philip W"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276929", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "TMPRSS2 is both the most frequently altered gene in primary prostate cancer and a critical factor enabling cellular infection by coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. The modulation of its expression by sex steroids could contribute to the male predominance of severe infections, and given that TMPRSS2 has no known indispensable functions, and inhibitors are available, it is an appealing target for prevention or treatment of respiratory viral infections."}, {"pmid": 32360037, "pmcid": "PMC7177137", "title": "[Challenges for psychotropics in the context of the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic].", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Javelot, H", "Llorca, P-M", "Meyer, G", "Fossati, P", "Haffen, E"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360037", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "French recommendations have been proposed for psychotropics use and possible adaptations during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. Between uncertainties linked to the lack of data and speculations about possible benefits of psychotropics against the coronavirus, we propose here elements allowing to base the pharmacotherapeutic decisions potentially useful in Covid+ patients with psychiatric disorders."}, {"pmid": 32134116, "pmcid": "PMC7228347", "title": "Unique epidemiological and clinical features of the emerging 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) implicate special control measures.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wang, Yixuan", "Wang, Yuyi", "Chen, Yan", "Qin, Qingsong"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32134116", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention", "Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "By 27 February 2020, the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused 82\u2009623 confirmed cases and 2858 deaths globally, more than severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (8273 cases, 775 deaths) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) (1139 cases, 431 deaths) caused in 2003 and 2013, respectively. COVID-19 has spread to 46 countries internationally. Total fatality rate of COVID-19 is estimated at 3.46% by far based on published data from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC). Average incubation period of COVID-19 is around 6.4 days, ranges from 0 to 24 days. The basic reproductive number (R0 ) of COVID-19 ranges from 2 to 3.5 at the early phase regardless of different prediction models, which is higher than SARS and MERS. A study from China CDC showed majority of patients (80.9%) were considered asymptomatic or mild pneumonia but released large amounts of viruses at the early phase of infection, which posed enormous challenges for containing the spread of COVID-19. Nosocomial transmission was another severe problem. A total of 3019 health workers were infected by 12 February 2020, which accounted for 3.83% of total number of infections, and extremely burdened the health system, especially in Wuhan. Limited epidemiological and clinical data suggest that the disease spectrum of COVID-19 may differ from SARS or MERS. We summarize latest literatures on genetic, epidemiological, and clinical features of COVID-19 in comparison to SARS and MERS and emphasize special measures on diagnosis and potential interventions. This review will improve our understanding of the unique features of COVID-19 and enhance our control measures in the future."}, {"pmid": 32307116, "pmcid": "PMC7144667", "title": "Role of anaesthesiologists during the COVID-19 outbreak in China.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Yang, Manping", "Dong, Hailong", "Lu, Zhihong"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307116", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246105, "title": "COVID-19 in Africa.", "journal": "Nat Hum Behav", "authors": ["Payne, Charlotte"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246105", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432167, "pmcid": "PMC7220603", "title": "Managing healthcare delivery system to fight the COVID-19 epidemic: experience in Japan.", "journal": "Glob Health Res Policy", "authors": ["Gai, Ruoyan", "Tobe, Makoto"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432167", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Amid the global pandemic of a novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), healthcare delivery system is being stretched. In Japan, rapid spread of the epidemic brings hospitals to the brink of exhaustion. This commentary aims to briefly review related policies of Japan in managing healthcare delivery system. Among the relevant actions, strengthening the hospitalized care is emphasized to save lives. Despite of limitations, the policies show a success in preventing a collapse of healthcare delivery system and skyrocketing mortality from happening so far. On the other hand, huge concerns remain if the infections continue to rapidly increase. The experience in Japan indicates the urgency of planning of healthcare delivery system, mobilizing all relevant social sectors by consensus, and guiding people with calm manner based on the best shared knowledge and evidences."}, {"pmid": 32496536, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Human Challenge Trials: Too Risky, Too Soon.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Dawson, Liza", "Earl, Jake", "Livezey, Jeffrey"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496536", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382587, "pmcid": "PMC7204698", "title": "Cardiac Troponin-I may be a predictor of complications and mortality in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Curr Med Res Pract", "authors": ["Paul, Prannoy"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382587", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402627, "pmcid": "PMC7204671", "title": "Re: Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 in late pregnancy: Outcomes of first nine cases in an inner city London hospital.", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Govind, A", "Essien, S", "Karthikeyan, A", "Fakokunde, A", "Janga, D", "Yoong, W", "Nakhosteen, A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402627", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478710, "title": "Mobilizing Primary Health Care:Cuba's Powerful Weapon against COVID-19.", "journal": "MEDICC Rev", "authors": ["Aguilar-Guerra, Tania L", "Reed, Gail"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478710", "countries": ["Cuba"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A strong foundation of primary care is critical to the health system and is particularly important during pandemics like COVID-19. Primary care practices should be a natural fi t for triaging, testing, treating, and educating patients.-Corinne Lewis, Shanoor Seervai, Tanya Shah, Melinda K. Abrams, and Laurie Zephyrin MD The Commonwealth Fund, April 22, 2020[1."}, {"pmid": 32369540, "pmcid": "PMC7219430", "title": "Health Care Supply Chains: COVID-19 Challenges and Pressing Actions.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Mirchandani, Prakash"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369540", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401442, "title": "[Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone blockers and Covic-19 infection : friends or enemies ?]", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Pechere-Bertschi, Antoinette", "Ponte, Belen", "Wuerzner, Gregoire"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401442", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "ACE2 is not only an enzyme that counters the effects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) but is also the entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2, the virus of the Covid-19 pandemic. Some experimental data suggest that ACE inhibitors and ARBs increase ACE2 levels, thus raising concerns on their security in Covid-19 positive patients. However, some studies have shown protection by these drugs in lower tract respiratory infections and ARDS. The actual consensus is to continue the treatment with RAAS inhibitors, abrupt withdrawal, especially in patients with cardiac or renal conditions, being hazardous in terms of cardiovascular outcomes, except in patients hospitalized in intensive care with hemodynamic instability. This position statement is actually unanimous among all international learned societies."}, {"pmid": 32496587, "title": "Distribution of ACE2, CD147, CD26 and other SARS-CoV-2 associated molecules in tissues and immune cells in health and in asthma, COPD, obesity, hypertension, and COVID-19 risk factors.", "journal": "Allergy", "authors": ["Radzikowska, U", "Ding, M", "Tan, G", "Zhakparov, D", "Peng, Y", "Wawrzyniak, P", "Wang, M", "Li, S", "Morita, H", "Altunbulakli, C", "Reiger, M", "Neumann, A U", "Lunjani, N", "Traidl-Hoffmann, C", "Nadeau, K", "O'Mahony, L", "Akdis, C A", "Sokolowska, M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496587", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is accelerating worldwide and novel clinical presentations of COVID-19 are often reported. The range of human cells and tissues targeted by SARS-CoV-2, its potential receptors and associated regulating factors are still largely unknown. The aim of our study was to analyze the expression of known and potential SARS-CoV-2 receptors and related molecules in the extensive collection of primary human cells and tissues from healthy subjects of different age and from patients with risk factors and known comorbidities of COVID-19. We performed RNA sequencing and explored available RNA-Seq databases to study gene expression and co-expression of ACE2, CD147 (BSG), CD26 (DPP4) and their direct and indirect molecular partners in primary human bronchial epithelial cells, bronchial and skin biopsies, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, whole blood, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), monocytes, neutrophils, DCs, NK cells, ILC1, ILC2, ILC3, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells and plasmablasts. We analyzed the material from healthy children and adults, and from adults in relation to their disease or COVID-19 risk factor status. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were coexpressed at the epithelial sites of the lung and skin, whereas CD147 (BSG), cyclophilins (PPIA and PPIB), CD26 (DPP4) and related molecules were expressed in both, epithelium and in immune cells. We also observed a distinct age-related expression profile of these genes in the PBMCs and T cells from healthy children and adults. Asthma, COPD, hypertension, smoking, obesity, and male gender status generally led to the higher expression of ACE2- and CD147-related genes in the bronchial biopsy, BAL or blood. Additionally, CD147-related genes correlated positively with age and BMI. Interestingly, we also observed higher expression of ACE2- and CD147-related genes in the lesional skin of patients with atopic dermatitis. Our data suggest different receptor repertoire potentially involved in the SARS-CoV-2 infection at the epithelial barriers and in the immune cells. Altered expression of these receptors related with age, gender, obesity and smoking, as well as with the disease status might contribute to COVID-19 morbidity and severity patterns."}, {"pmid": 32509977, "pmcid": "PMC7263080", "title": "Self-management strategies to consider to combat endometriosis symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Hum Reprod Open", "authors": ["Leonardi, Mathew", "Horne, Andrew W", "Vincent, Katy", "Sinclair, Justin", "Sherman, Kerry A", "Ciccia, Donna", "Condous, George", "Johnson, Neil P", "Armour, Mike"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509977", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The care of patients with endometriosis has been complicated by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Medical and allied healthcare appointments and surgeries are being temporarily postponed. Mandatory self-isolation has created new obstacles for individuals with endometriosis seeking pain relief and improvement in their quality of life. Anxieties may be heightened by concerns over whether endometriosis may be an underlying condition that could predispose to severe COVID-19 infection and what constitutes an appropriate indication for presentation for urgent treatment in the epidemic. Furthermore, the restrictions imposed due to COVID-19 can impose negative psychological effects, which patients with endometriosis may be more prone to already. In combination with medical therapies, or as an alternative, we encourage patients to consider self-management strategies to combat endometriosis symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. These self-management strategies are divided into problem-focused and emotion-focused strategies, with the former aiming to change the environment to alleviate pain, and the latter address the psychology of living with endometriosis. We put forward this guidance, which is based on evidence and expert opinion, for healthcare providers to utilize during their consultations with patients via telephone or video. Patients may also independently use this article as an educational resource. The strategies discussed are not exclusively restricted to consideration during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most have been researched before this period of time and all will continue to be a part of the biopsychological approach to endometriosis long after COVID-19 restrictions are lifted."}, {"pmid": 32329322, "title": "In considerations of robotic colorectal surgery within a COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Minerva Chir", "authors": ["Felsenreich, Daniel M", "Gachabayov, Mahir", "Dong, Xiang D", "Cianchi, Fabio", "Bergamaschi, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329322", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419533, "title": "The COVID-19 outbreak: a snapshot from down under.", "journal": "Expert Rev Anticancer Ther", "authors": ["van Zandwijk, Nico", "Rasko, John E J"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419533", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336674, "pmcid": "PMC7144593", "title": "COVID-19 emergency responders in FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research.", "journal": "J Am Pharm Assoc (2003)", "authors": ["Gormley, Lieutenant Commander Andrea", "Ngan, Commander Kelly"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336674", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32020836, "pmcid": "PMC7033720", "title": "RNA based mNGS approach identifies a novel human coronavirus from two individual pneumonia cases in 2019 Wuhan outbreak.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Chen, Liangjun", "Liu, Weiyong", "Zhang, Qi", "Xu, Ke", "Ye, Guangming", "Wu, Weichen", "Sun, Ziyong", "Liu, Fang", "Wu, Kailang", "Zhong, Bo", "Mei, Yi", "Zhang, Wenxia", "Chen, Yu", "Li, Yirong", "Shi, Mang", "Lan, Ke", "Liu, Yingle"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32020836", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From December 2019, an outbreak of unusual pneumonia was reported in Wuhan with many cases linked to Huanan Seafood Market that sells seafood as well as live exotic animals. We investigated two patients who developed acute respiratory syndromes after independent contact history with this market. The two patients shared common clinical features including fever, cough, and multiple ground-glass opacities in the bilateral lung field with patchy infiltration. Here, we highlight the use of a low-input metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) approach on RNA extracted from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). It rapidly identified a novel coronavirus (named 2019-nCoV according to World Health Organization announcement) which was the sole pathogens in the sample with very high abundance level (1.5% and 0.62% of total RNA sequenced). The entire viral genome is 29,881\u2005nt in length (GenBank MN988668 and MN988669, Sequence Read Archive database Bioproject accession PRJNA601736) and is classified into \u03b2-coronavirus genus. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that 2019-nCoV is close to coronaviruses (CoVs) circulating in Rhinolophus (Horseshoe bats), such as 98.7% nucleotide identity to partial RdRp gene of bat coronavirus strain BtCoV/4991 (GenBank KP876546, 370\u2005nt sequence of RdRp and lack of other genome sequence) and 87.9% nucleotide identity to bat coronavirus strain bat-SL-CoVZC45 and bat-SL-CoVZXC21. Evolutionary analysis based on ORF1a/1b, S, and N genes also suggests 2019-nCoV is more likely a novel CoV independently introduced from animals to humans."}, {"pmid": 32473231, "pmcid": "PMC7251352", "title": "Cardiovascular disease as a risk factor of disease progression in COVID-19: The corrected effect size and forest plot.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Varikasuvu, Seshadri Reddy", "Dutt, Naveen"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473231", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312554, "pmcid": "PMC7161510", "title": "Early pulmonary rehabilitation for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: Experience from an intensive care unit outside of the Hubei province in China.", "journal": "Heart Lung", "authors": ["Zhu, Chengrui", "Wu, Yunhai", "Liu, Hongyan", "Ban, Yuan", "Ma, Xiaochun", "Zhang, Zhidan"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312554", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470173, "title": "The Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2: From a Zoonotic Infection to Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID19).", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Bezerra, Rafael Dos Santos", "Valenca, Ian Nunes", "de Cassia Ruy, Patricia", "Ximenez, Joao Paulo Bianchi", "da Silva Junior, Wilson Araujo", "Covas, Dimas Tadeu", "Kashima, Simone", "Slavov, Svetoslav Nanev"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470173", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 is an international public health emergency. Until now, the intermediate host and mechanisms of interspecies jump of this virus are unknown. Phylogenetic analysis of all available bat coronavirus (CoV) complete genomes was performed in order to analyze the relationships between bat CoV and SARS-CoV-2. In order to suggest a possible intermediate host, another phylogenetic reconstruction of CoV genomes obtained from animals which were hypothetically commercialized in the Chinese markets was also carried out. Moreover, mutation analysis was executed to suggest genomic regions which may have permitted the adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 to the human host. The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 formed a cluster with the bat CoV isolate RaTG13. Possible CoV interspecies jumps among bat isolates were also observed. The phylogenetic tree reconstructed from CoV strains belonging to different animals demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2, bat RaTG13 and pangolin CoV genomes formed a monophyletic cluster, demonstrating that pangolins may be suggested as SARS-CoV-2 intermediate hosts. Three AA substitutions localized in the S1 portion of the S gene were observed, some of which have been correlated to structural modifications of the S protein which may facilitate SARS-CoV-2 tropism to human cells. Our analysis shows the tight relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and bat SARS-like strains. It also hypothesizes that pangolins might have been possible intermediate hosts of the infection. Some of the observed AA substitutions in the S binding protein may serve as possible adaptation mutations in humans but more studies are needed to elucidate their function. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32405183, "pmcid": "PMC7212283", "title": "Gastrointestinal and Liver Manifestations of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Exp Hepatol", "authors": ["Agarwal, Amol", "Chen, Alan", "Ravindran, Nishal", "To, Chau", "Thuluvath, Paul J"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405183", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The worldwide pandemic of COVID-19, caused by the virus SARS-CoV,-2 has continued to progress, and increasing information is becoming available about the incidence of digestive symptoms as well as abnormal liver-associated enzymes in patients who are infected. These are postulated to be related to the virus's use of ACE-2 receptors located on certain intestinal cells, cholangiocytes, and hepatocytes. This brief review summarizes the available limited data on digestive manifestations of COVID-19. A significant proportion of COVID-19 patients can present initially with only digestive complaints. The most common digestive symptoms are anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Liver-related transaminases are elevated in a substantial proportion of patients, although generally only mildly elevated. Currently there is no firm evidence to suggest that severity of digestive symptoms corresponds to severity of COVID-19 clinical course, however, more severe alterations in liver enzymes may correlate with worse clinical course. Given use of antiviral and antibacterial agents in sicker patients, drug-induced liver injury cannot be ruled out either in these cases. Although viral RNA can be detected in stool, it is unclear whether fecal-oral transmission can be achieved by the virus. As further data becomes available, our understanding of the digestive manifestations of COVID-19 will continue to evolve."}, {"pmid": 32393596, "title": "COVID-19 and pulmonary hypertension.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Farha, Samar"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393596", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a pulmonary vascular disease characterized by pulmonary arterial remodeling and vasoconstriction leading to elevated pulmonary artery pressure and, ultimately, right heart failure. So far, few cases of COVID-19 disease in patients with PH have been reported. Caution is warranted in interpreting this observation as data are evolving and several factors may influence the number of reported cases of PH and COVID-19. Social distancing and quarantine could play a role, especially for patients with chronic diseases who might be more vigilant of their potential for respiratory infection. In addition, PH is a rare disease, and because testing is not universal, we could be underestimating the number of cases. Other hypothetical factors to consider are the underlying pathophysiology of PH and the medications used to treat PH and their implications in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32367645, "title": "Response to \"The COVID-19 outbreak in Italy: Initial implications for organ transplantation programs\".", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Cacciola, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367645", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32331982, "pmcid": "PMC7194913", "title": "Lopinavir/ritonavir did not shorten the duration of SARS CoV-2 shedding in patients with mild pneumonia in Taiwan.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Cheng, Chien-Yu", "Lee, Yu-Lin", "Chen, Cheng-Pin", "Lin, Yi-Chun", "Liu, Chun-Eng", "Liao, Chia-Hung", "Cheng, Shu-Hsing"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331982", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An increase of Ct values was 0.9 per day in 2 cases of COVID-19 treated with lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r), an increase was 1.0 per day in 3 cases without LPV/r through illness day 1-10, indicating that LPV/r did not shorten the duration of SARS CoV-2 shedding."}, {"pmid": 32153166, "title": "[Provisional guidelines on autopsy practice for deaths associated with COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32153166", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has been included in Category B infectious diseases and is prevented and controlled according to Category A infectious diseases. In order to establish a diagnosis or conduct further research, a post-mortem examination may be desired on a possible COVID-19 death. To guide the personnel engaged in the autopsy to carry out the correct operation, and ensure the safety of the pathologists and disease control staffs during the epidemic, the Chinese Pathological Society, the Chinese Pathologist Association and the Pathology and Pathophysiology national key discipline at Shantou University Medical College, formulated this guidance for the autopsy for deaths associated with COVID-19 during the prevention and control period of COVID-19 in China."}, {"pmid": 32510329, "title": "A Global Immunological Observatory to meet a time of pandemics.", "journal": "Elife", "authors": ["Mina, Michael J", "Metcalf, C Jessica E", "McDermott, Adrian B", "Douek, Daniel C", "Farrar, Jeremy", "Grenfell, Bryan T"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510329", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 presents an unprecedented international challenge, but it will not be the last such threat. Here, we argue that the world needs to be much better prepared to rapidly detect, define and defeat future pandemics. We propose that a Global Immunological Observatory and associated developments in systems immunology, therapeutics and vaccine design should be at the heart of this enterprise."}, {"pmid": 32499576, "title": "Social network-based distancing strategies to flatten the COVID-19 curve in a post-lockdown world.", "journal": "Nat Hum Behav", "authors": ["Block, Per", "Hoffman, Marion", "Raabe, Isabel J", "Dowd, Jennifer Beam", "Rahal, Charles", "Kashyap, Ridhi", "Mills, Melinda C"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499576", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Social distancing and isolation have been widely introduced to counter the COVID-19 pandemic. Adverse social, psychological and economic consequences of a complete or near-complete lockdown demand the development of more moderate contact-reduction policies. Adopting a social network approach, we evaluate the effectiveness of three distancing strategies designed to keep the curve flat and aid compliance in a post-lockdown world. These are: limiting interaction to a few repeated contacts akin to forming social bubbles; seeking similarity across contacts; and strengthening communities via triadic strategies. We simulate stochastic infection curves incorporating core elements from infection models, ideal-type social network models and statistical relational event models. We demonstrate that a strategic social network-based reduction of contact strongly enhances the effectiveness of social distancing measures while keeping risks lower. We provide scientific evidence for effective social distancing that can be applied in public health messaging and that can mitigate negative consequences of social isolation."}, {"pmid": 32227596, "pmcid": "PMC7228371", "title": "Migraine Care in the Era of COVID-19: Clinical Pearls and Plea to Insurers.", "journal": "Headache", "authors": ["Szperka, Christina L", "Ailani, Jessica", "Barmherzig, Rebecca", "Klein, Brad C", "Minen, Mia T", "Halker Singh, Rashmi B", "Shapiro, Robert E"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227596", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To outline strategies for the treatment of migraine which do not require in-person visits to clinic or the emergency department, and to describe ways that health insurance companies can remove barriers to quality care for migraine. COVID-19 is a global pandemic causing widespread infections and death. To control the spread of infection we are called to observe \"social distancing\" and we have been asked to postpone any procedures which are not essential. Since procedural therapies are a mainstay of headache care, the inability to do procedures could negatively affect our patients with migraine. In this manuscript we review alternative therapies, with particular attention to those which may be contra-indicated in the setting of COVID-19 infection. The manuscript reviews the use of telemedicine visits and acute, bridge, and preventive therapies for migraine. We focus on evidence-based treatment where possible, but also describe \"real world\" strategies which may be tried. In each section we call out areas where changes to rules from commercial health insurance companies would facilitate better migraine care. Our common goal as health care providers is to maximize the health and safety of our patients. Successful management of migraine with avoidance of in-person clinic and emergency department visits further benefits the current urgent societal goal of maintaining social distance to contain the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32319220, "title": "Covid-19 and Namaste.", "journal": "Influenza Other Respir Viruses", "authors": ["Kulkarni, Prashanth", "Kodad, Shruthi", "Mahadevappa, Manjappa"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319220", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366380, "title": "Covid-19: UK needs flexible local plans to come out of lockdown, say public health experts.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wise, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366380", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32178769, "pmcid": "PMC7102589", "title": "COVID-19 and Italy: what next?", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Remuzzi, Andrea", "Remuzzi, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32178769", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has already taken on pandemic proportions, affecting over 100 countries in a matter of weeks. A global response to prepare health systems worldwide is imperative. Although containment measures in China have reduced new cases by more than 90%, this reduction is not the case elsewhere, and Italy has been particularly affected. There is now grave concern regarding the Italian national health system's capacity to effectively respond to the needs of patients who are infected and require intensive care for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. The percentage of patients in intensive care reported daily in Italy between March 1 and March 11, 2020, has consistently been between 9% and 11% of patients who are actively infected. The number of patients infected since Feb 21 in Italy closely follows an exponential trend. If this trend continues for 1 more week, there will be 30\u2008000 infected patients. Intensive care units will then be at maximum capacity; up to 4000 hospital beds will be needed by mid-April, 2020. Our analysis might help political leaders and health authorities to allocate enough resources, including personnel, beds, and intensive care facilities, to manage the situation in the next few days and weeks. If the Italian outbreak follows a similar trend as in Hubei province, China, the number of newly infected patients could start to decrease within 3-4 days, departing from the exponential trend. However, this cannot currently be predicted because of differences between social distancing measures and the capacity to quickly build dedicated facilities in China."}, {"pmid": 32078809, "pmcid": "PMC7128260", "title": "Outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Burki, Talha"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32078809", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384188, "pmcid": "PMC7267264", "title": "Parenteral Fish-Oil Emulsions in Critically Ill COVID-19 Emulsions.", "journal": "JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr", "authors": ["Bistrian, Bruce R"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384188", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32081428, "pmcid": "PMC7092824", "title": "Structure analysis of the receptor binding of 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun", "authors": ["Chen, Yun", "Guo, Yao", "Pan, Yihang", "Zhao, Zhizhuang Joe"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32081428", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "2019-nCoV is a newly identified coronavirus with high similarity to SARS-CoV. We performed a structural analysis of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of spike glycoprotein responsible for entry of coronaviruses into host cells. The RBDs from the two viruses share 72% identity in amino acid sequences, and molecular simulation reveals highly similar ternary structures. However, 2019-nCoV has a distinct loop with flexible glycyl residues replacing rigid prolyl residues in SARS-CoV. Molecular modeling revealed that 2019-nCoV RBD has a stronger interaction with angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). A unique phenylalanine F486 in the flexible loop likely plays a major role because its penetration into a deep hydrophobic pocket in ACE2. ACE2 is widely expressed with conserved primary structures throughout the animal kingdom from fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, to mammals. Structural analysis suggests that ACE2 from these animals can potentially bind RBD of 2019-nCoV, making them all possible natural hosts for the virus. 2019-nCoV is thought to be transmitted through respiratory droplets. However, since ACE2 is predominantly expressed in intestines, testis, and kidney, fecal-oral and other routes of transmission are also possible. Finally, antibodies and small molecular inhibitors that can block the interaction of ACE2 with RBD should be developed to combat the virus."}, {"pmid": 32267343, "pmcid": "PMC7236170", "title": "\"Pandemic fear\" and COVID-19: mental health burden and strategies.", "journal": "Braz J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Ornell, Felipe", "Schuch, Jaqueline B", "Sordi, Anne O", "Kessler, Felix Henrique Paim"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267343", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533107, "title": "Publisher Correction: Risk factors for death from COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Esai Selvan, Myvizhi"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533107", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper."}, {"pmid": 32380344, "pmcid": "PMC7167568", "title": "The ethics of scare: COVID-19 and the Philippines' fear appeals.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Biana, H T", "Joaquin, J J B"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380344", "countries": ["Philippines"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345861, "pmcid": "PMC7199769", "title": "Battle Buddies: Rapid Deployment of a Psychological Resilience Intervention for Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Albott, Cristina Sophia", "Wozniak, Jeffrey R", "McGlinch, Brian P", "Wall, Michael H", "Gold, Barbara S", "Vinogradov, Sophia"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345861", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its rapid global spread have created unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems. Significant and sustained efforts have focused on mobilization of personal protective equipment, intensive care beds, and medical equipment, while substantially less attention has focused on preserving the psychological health of the medical workforce tasked with addressing the challenges of the pandemic. And yet, similar to battlefield conditions, healthcare workers are being confronted with ongoing uncertainty about resources, capacities, and risks; as well as exposure to suffering, death, and threats to their own safety. These conditions are engendering high levels of fear and anxiety in the short-term, and place individuals at risk for persistent stress-exposure syndromes, sub-clinical mental health symptoms, and professional burnout in the long-term. Given the potentially wide-ranging mental health impact of COVID-19, protecting healthcare workers from adverse psychological effects of the pandemic is critical.Therefore, we present an overview of the potential psychological stress responses to the COVID-19 crisis in medical providers and describe pre-emptive resilience-promoting strategies at the organizational and personal level. We then describe a rapidly deployable Psychological Resilience Intervention founded on a peer-support model (Battle Buddies) developed by the United States Army. This intervention-- the product of a multidisciplinary collaboration between the Departments of Anesthesiology and Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences at the University of Minnesota Medical Center-- also incorporates evidence-informed \"stress inoculation\" methods developed for managing psychological stress exposure in providers deployed to disasters. Our multi-level, resource-efficient, and scalable approach places two key tools directly in the hands of providers: 1) A peer-support Battle Buddy; and 2) A designated mental health consultant who can facilitate training in stress inoculation methods, provide additional support, or coordinate referral for external professional consultation. In parallel, we have instituted a voluntary research data-collection component that will enable us to evaluate the intervention's effectiveness while also identifying the most salient resilience factors for future iterations. It is our hope that these elements will provide guidance to other organizations seeking to protect the well-being of their medical workforce during the pandemic. Given the remarkable adaptability of human beings, we believe that, by promoting resilience, our diverse healthcare workforce can emerge from this monumental challenge with new skills, closer relationships, and greater confidence in the power of community."}, {"pmid": 32253890, "title": "[Thoughts on the reform of preventive medicine education in the context of new medicine].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Liu, Y", "Jin, G F", "Wang, J M", "Xia, Y K", "Shen, H B", "Wang, C Q", "Hu, Z B"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253890", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Talent training is the core and foundation of public health system construction. Shortage of talents in the field of disease prevention and public health exposed by COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of developing preventive medical education. This article analyzes the challenges of medical education in the dilemma of \"separation of medical treatment and prevention\", and the new requirements for preventive medical education in the construction of New Medicine under the Healthy China strategy. Four aspects including stepping up the resource allocation and investment, educating responsible public health professionals, the education of all medical students who implement the core competence of public health, and the establishment of a continuing education system for preventive medicine have been considered. A series of specific suggestions are put forward including the establishment of a full-chain closed-loop research system to support the cultivation of top-notch innovative public health talents, strengthening the assessment of core public health capabilities for clinical medical professional admission, formulating a \"medical and preventive integration\" training program for primary health personnel, and implementing \"combination of peace and war\" public health personnel reserve system, with the purpose of providing reference for the reform and development of preventive medical education in China."}, {"pmid": 32505652, "title": "Detrimental effects of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio on severity of COVID-19.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab", "authors": ["Targher, Giovanni", "Mantovani, Alessandro", "Byrne, Christopher D", "Wang, Xiao-Bo", "Yan, Hua-Dong", "Sun, Qing-Feng", "Pan, Ke-Hua", "Zheng, Kenneth I", "Chen, Yong-Ping", "Eslam, Mohammed", "George, Jacob", "Zheng, Ming-Hua"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505652", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445646, "pmcid": "PMC7239783", "title": "Children of frontline COVID-19 warriors: Our observations.", "journal": "J Pediatr", "authors": ["Dubey, Souvik", "Jana Dubey, Mahua", "Ghosh, Ritwik", "Chatterjee, Subhankar"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445646", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528623, "pmcid": "PMC7266475", "title": "COVID-19 infection and oxidative stress: an under-explored approach for prevention and treatment?", "journal": "Pan Afr Med J", "authors": ["Ntyonga-Pono, Marie-Pierrette"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528623", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389157, "title": "Effect of ambient air pollutants and meteorological variables on COVID-19 incidence.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Jiang, Ying", "Wu, Xiao-Jun", "Guan, Yan-Jun"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389157", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To understand whether ambient air pollutants and meteorological variables are associated with daily COVID-19 incidence. A retrospective cohort during Jan 25th to Feb 29th in 2020. City of Wuhan, XiaoGan and HuangGang. The COVID-19 incidence per day. We collected daily data of COVID-19 incidence, eight ambient air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO, NO2, and O3-8h) and three meteorological variables (temperature, relative humidity and wind level) in China's three worst COVID-19 hit cities during the study period. The multivariate Poisson regression was performed to understand their correlation. Our data showed that daily COVID-19 incidence was positively associated with PM2.5 and humidity in all cities. Specifically, the relative risk (RR) of PM2.5 was 1.036 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.032 -1.039), 1.059 (95% CL, 1.046 - 1.072) and 1.144 (95% CL, 1.12 - 1.169) for COVID-19 incidence per day in Wuhan, XiaoGan and HuangGang, respectively. The RR of humidity was constantly lower than that of PM2.5, whose difference ranged from 0.027 to 0.111. Moreover, PM10 and temperature also exhibited a notable correlation with daily COVID-19 incidence, but in a negative pattern The RR of PM10 raged from 0.915 (95% CL, 0.896 - 0.934) to 0.961 (95% CL, 0.95 - 0.972) while that of temperature was 0.738 (95% CL, 0.717 - 0.759) to 0.969 (95% CL, 0.966 - 0.973). Our data suggested that PM2.5/humidity and PM10/temperature could substantially increase and decrease the risk of COVID-19 incidence, respectively."}, {"pmid": 32376171, "pmcid": "PMC7195118", "title": "After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Returning to Normalcy or Returning to a New Normal?", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["Zeegen, Erik N", "Yates, Adolph J", "Jevsevar, David S"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376171", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), pandemic has delivered a profound and negative impact on the United States. The suspension of elective surgeries including arthroplasty will have a lasting effect on all stakeholders including patients, physicians, and healthcare organizations within the US healthcare system. Resumption of elective hip and knee arthroplasty will need to be carefully focused. The purpose of this work is to address potential strategies, concerns, and regulatory barriers in restarting elective hip and knee arthroplasty in the United States."}, {"pmid": 32355863, "pmcid": "PMC7183451", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 in the ocular surface of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Eye Vis (Lond)", "authors": ["Xie, Hua-Tao", "Jiang, Shi-Yun", "Xu, Kang-Kang", "Liu, Xin", "Xu, Bing", "Wang, Lin", "Zhang, Ming-Chang"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355863", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread globally, while the routes of transmission of this virus are still controversial. We enrolled 33 patients, without any ocular manifestation, with their ocular surface swabs collected for virus detection. RNA was detected strong positive in samples of both eyes from two patients. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 may exist in the normal ocular surface of COVID-19 patients, suggesting that this virus might be spread through conjunctival contact."}, {"pmid": 32295761, "pmcid": "PMC7207194", "title": "Mitigating the psychological effects of COVID-19 on health care workers.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Wu, Peter E", "Styra, Rima", "Gold, Wayne L"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295761", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333842, "pmcid": "PMC7176394", "title": "The key role of palliative care in response to the COVID-19 tsunami of suffering.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Radbruch, Lukas", "Knaul, Felicia Marie", "de Lima, Liliana", "de Joncheere, Cornelis", "Bhadelia, Afsan"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333842", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362245, "pmcid": "PMC7232884", "title": "An investigation into the identification of potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease using molecular docking study.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Das, Sourav", "Sarmah, Sharat", "Lyndem, Sona", "Singha Roy, Atanu"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362245", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new strain of a novel infectious disease affecting millions of people, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has recently been declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Currently, several clinical trials are underway to identify specific drugs for the treatment of this novel virus. The inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease is necessary for the blockage of the viral replication. Here, in this study, we have utilized a blind molecular docking approach to identify the possible inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, by screening a total of 33 molecules which includes natural products, anti-virals, anti-fungals, anti-nematodes and anti-protozoals. All the studied molecules could bind to the active site of the SARS-CoV-2 protease (PDB: 6Y84), out of which rutin (a natural compound) has the highest inhibitor efficiency among the 33 molecules studied, followed by ritonavir (control drug), emetine (anti-protozoal), hesperidin (a natural compound), lopinavir (control drug) and indinavir (anti-viral drug). All the molecules, studied out here could bind near the crucial catalytic residues, HIS41 and CYS145 of the main protease, and the molecules were surrounded by other active site residues like MET49, GLY143, HIS163, HIS164, GLU166, PRO168, and GLN189. As this study is based on molecular docking, hence being particular about the results obtained, requires extensive wet-lab experimentation and clinical trials under in\u00a0vitro as well as in\u00a0vivo conditions.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32416647, "title": "Grief loss and the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Aust J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Breen, Lauren J"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416647", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The capacity for grief literacy is something we all need to develop in the midst of this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32277236, "pmcid": "PMC7184330", "title": "Urgent Considerations for the Neuro-oncologic Treatment of Patients with Gliomas During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Neuro Oncol", "authors": ["Mohile, Nimish A", "Blakeley, Jaishri O", "Gatson, Na Tosha N", "Hottinger, Andreas F", "Lassman, Andrew B", "Ney, Douglas E", "Olar, Adriana", "Schiff, David", "Shih, Helen A", "Strowd, Roy", "van den Bent, Martin J", "Ziu, Mateo"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277236", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak is posing unprecedented risks and challenges for all communities and healthcare systems, worldwide. There are unique considerations for many adult patients with gliomas who are vulnerable to the novel coronavirus due to older age and immunosuppression. As patients with terminal illnesses, they present ethical challenges for centers that may need to ration access to ventilator care due to insufficient critical care capacity. It is urgent for the neuro-oncology community to develop a pro-active and coordinated approach to the care of adults with gliomas in order to provide them with the best possible oncologic care while also reducing their risk of viral infection during times of potential healthcare system failure. In this article, we present an approach developed by an international multi-disciplinary group to optimize the care of adults with gliomas during this pandemic. We recommend measures to promote strict social distancing and minimize exposures for patients, address risk and benefit of all therapeutic interventions, pro-actively develop end of life plans, educate patients and caregivers and ensure the health of the multi-disciplinary neuro-oncology workforce. This pandemic is already changing neuro-oncologic care delivery around the globe. It is important to highlight opportunities to maximize the benefit and minimize the risk of glioma management during this pandemic and potentially, in the future."}, {"pmid": 32389322, "pmcid": "PMC7181984", "title": "RF - Organisation of a Dermatology Department During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Actas Dermosifiliogr", "authors": ["Cerro, P A", "Palma, A M", "Navarro-Bielsa, A", "Gilaberte, Y"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389322", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364047, "title": "COVID-19.", "journal": "Soc Stud Sci", "authors": ["Sismondo, Sergio"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364047", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456769, "title": "Early tocilizumab treatment could improve survival among COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Clin Exp Rheumatol", "authors": ["Campins, Lluis", "Boixeda, Ramon", "Perez-Cordon, Laia", "Aranega, Raquel", "Lopera, Carlos", "Force, Lluis"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456769", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430049, "pmcid": "PMC7236436", "title": "Letter to the editor: The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in developing a COVID-19 comorbidity-based host risk score.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Vavougios, George D"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430049", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32141279, "title": "[Advances on presymptomatic or asymptomatic carrier transmission of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Gao, W J", "Li, L M"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32141279", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is rapidly spreading. Patients in incubation period and healthy carriers are possible sources for transmission. However, such sources of infection cannot be effectively identified due to the symptoms absent. The research evidence is very lacking so far, although there are a few studies suggesting that presymptomatic or asymptomatic carrier may cause COVID-19 transmission. Nearly half of the literature is in the state of preprint without peer review. The question of \"the degree to which presymptomatic or asymptomatic infections can transmit\" is not fully understood. There is an urgent need to screen infected carriers in larger close contacts or in the general population, and assess their risk for transmission."}, {"pmid": 32453100, "pmcid": "PMC7273962", "title": "Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)-Associated Guillain-Barre Syndrome: Case Report.", "journal": "J Clin Neuromuscul Dis", "authors": ["Rana, Sandeep", "Lima, Arthur A", "Chandra, Rahul", "Valeriano, James", "Desai, Troy", "Freiberg, William", "Small, George"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453100", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490524, "title": "COVID-19 versus the 1918 influenza pandemic: different virus, different age mortality patterns.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Shanks, G Dennis"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490524", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303565, "title": "The Detection of SARS-CoV-2 using the Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 and Roche cobas SARS-CoV-2 Assays.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Moran, Angelica", "Beavis, Kathleen G", "Matushek, Scott M", "Ciaglia, Carol", "Francois, Nina", "Tesic, Vera", "Love, Nedra"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303565", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus responsible for a December 2019 outbreak in Wuhan, China, causes a syndrome characterized by fever, cough, and dyspnea progressing to acute respiratory distress syndrome (1).\u2026."}, {"pmid": 32500282, "pmcid": "PMC7271953", "title": "The Importance of Continuing Medical Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: the Global Educational Toxicology Uniting Project (GETUP).", "journal": "J Med Toxicol", "authors": ["Wong, Anselm", "Vohra, Rais", "Kopec, Kathy", "Brooke, Nicholas", "Stolbach, Andrew"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500282", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434602, "pmcid": "PMC7272690", "title": "Covid-19, child and adolescent mental health - Croatian (in)experience.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Franic, Tomislav", "Dodig-Curkovic, Katarina"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434602", "countries": ["Croatia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic has caused unseen socio-economic changes all over the world, where enormous efforts are being made to preserve lives and maintain functional health systems. A secondary concern is to mitigate the severe economic consequences of the crisis. Different approaches have been adopted with varying outcomes and experiences. But regardless of the different approaches taken, one thing is common for all societies during this pandemic: fear and anxiety. This fear extends from concerns about the present situation, for the health and well-being of family members and loved ones from Covid-19 infection, to fears relating to how long the crisis will last, to the potential economic consequences of the pandemic (perhaps not seen in our lifetimes) and the ultimate fear of future uncertainty. Across the world, health systems are being faced with unprecedented challenges. At their core, these challenges are the same: how to beat Covid-19. Certainly, there are differences in how individual systems are organized and how they address the main issues arising from the pandemic while not forgetting the ongoing healthcare needs of the general population. In this paper, we share some perspectives from Croatia regarding Child and Adolescent Mental Health services (CAMHs) in these extraordinary circumstances. We give our personal insights on deficiencies in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services prior to the arrival of Covid-19, which have contributed to difficulties in mitigating and managing the ongoing crisis."}, {"pmid": 32462858, "title": "Oxygen-ozone therapy as adjuvant in the current emergency in SARS-COV-2 infection: a clinical study.", "journal": "J Biol Regul Homeost Agents", "authors": ["Marini, S", "Maggiorotti, M", "Dardes, N", "Bonetti, M", "Martinelli, M", "Re, L", "Carinci, F", "Tavera, C"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462858", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of the multicentre study promoted by Nuova FIO is to evaluate the beneficial effects of the systemic Oxygen-Ozone (O2O3) therapy in patients suffering from SARS COV-2 disease in the early phases of the disease, before worsening, up to the need of tracheal intubation. The study is based on the rationale on that the systemic oxygen-ozone treatment could be effective, positively influencing the disease evolution and/or being able to mitigate the onset of the cytokine storm syndrome at least partially."}, {"pmid": 32462173, "title": "Airway management team for patients with COVID-19: A new role for emergency medicine pharmacists.", "journal": "Am J Health Syst Pharm", "authors": ["Faine, Brett A", "Carroll, Elisabeth", "Decleene, Jacob", "Zepeski, Anne"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462173", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499212, "title": "A new system for surveillance and management of COVID-19: STRONG (Spatio-Temporal Reporting Over Network and GPS).", "journal": "JMIR Mhealth Uhealth", "authors": ["Wang, Shaoxiong", "Ding, Shuizi", "Xiong, Li"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499212", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has highlighted the importance of rapid control of the transmission of infectious diseases. This is particularly important for COVID-19, where many individuals are asymptomatic or have only mild symptoms but can still spread the disease. Current systems for controlling transmission rely on patients to report their symptoms to medical professionals and be able to recall and trace all their contacts from the previous few days. This is unrealistic in the modern world. However, existing smartphone-based GPS and social media technology may provide a suitable alternative. We, therefore, developed a mini-program within the app WeChat. This analyzes data from all users and traces close contacts of all patients. This permits early tracing and quarantine of potential sources of infection. Data from the mini-program can also be merged with other data to predict epidemic trends, calculate individual and population risks, and provide recommendations for individual and population protection action. It may also improve our understanding of how the disease spreads. However, there are a number of unresolved questions about the use of smartphone data for health surveillance, including how to protect individual privacy and provide safeguards against data breaches."}, {"pmid": 32349115, "pmcid": "PMC7227199", "title": "Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine Retinal Toxicity Consideration in the Treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)", "authors": ["Ruamviboonsuk, Paisan", "Lai, Timothy Y Y", "Chang, Andrew", "Lai, Chi-Chun", "Mieler, William F", "Lam, Dennis S C"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349115", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The proposed doses of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for treatment of COVID-19 (1000\u200amg/day for 10 days, CQ; 800\u200amg first day then 400\u200amg/day for 5 days, HCQ) in many guidelines worldwide, are considerably higher than the maximum recommended daily safe doses of both agents (\u22642.3\u200amg/kg/day, CQ; \u22645.0\u200amg/kg/day, HCQ) for development of retinal toxicity. Irreversible retinal damage can occur if the exposure to the safe doses is >5 years. It is not known whether exposure to high doses over a short period of time can also cause the damage. We recommend that before prescribing CQ or HCQ, history of ocular disease should be obtained to avoid the prescription if appropriate. If either agent is to be used, routine baseline ocular examination is not absolutely necessary. Patients who do not have ocular disease should also be informed about the potential risk of retinal toxicity. Both agents, however, have not yet been proven to be beneficial to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32342566, "pmcid": "PMC7267244", "title": "Objective evaluation of anosmia and ageusia in COVID-19 patients: Single-center experience on 72 cases.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Vaira, Luigi Angelo", "Deiana, Giovanna", "Fois, Alessandro Giuseppe", "Pirina, Pietro", "Madeddu, Giordano", "De Vito, Andrea", "Babudieri, Sergio", "Petrocelli, Marzia", "Serra, Antonello", "Bussu, Francesco", "Ligas, Enrica", "Salzano, Giovanni", "De Riu, Giacomo"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342566", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first European case series are detecting a very high frequency of chemosensitive disorders in COVID-19 patients, ranging between 19.4% and 88%. Olfactory and gustatory function was objectively tested in 72 COVID-19 patients treated at University Hospital of Sassari. Overall, 73.6% of the patients reported having or having had chemosensitive disorders. Olfactory assessment showed variable degree hyposmia in 60 cases and anosmia in two patients. Gustatory assessment revealed hypogeusia in 33 cases and complete ageusia in one patient. Statistically significant differences in chemosensitive recovery were detected based on age and distance from the onset of clinical manifestations. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions represent common clinical findings in COVID-19 patients. Otolaryngologists and head-neck surgeons must by now keep this diagnostic option in mind when evaluating cases of ageusia and nonspecific anosmia that arose suddenly and are not associated with rhinitis symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32442428, "pmcid": "PMC7198425", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Imaging Austerity: Coming Back From the Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Snow, Aisling", "Taylor, George A"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442428", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329432, "pmcid": "PMC7253118", "title": "COVID-19 Serosurveillance May Facilitate Return-to-Work Decisions.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Krsak, Martin", "Johnson, Steven C", "Poeschla, Eric M"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329432", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Public health measures are needed to resolve the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, although a looming economic fallout merits close attention. Early safe reintroduction of immune individuals into the workforce may be essential to protecting the economic welfare of communities. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction testing, our primary diagnostic tool to date, has sensitivity and timing concerns, owing to sampling/handling errors, as well as a complex virus-host interaction. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays do not establish immune status once the virus has been cleared. Targeted serosurveillance for the determination of individuals' potential for transmissibility, particularly if paired with direct pathogen testing, may aid in \"cleared for business\" decision-making."}, {"pmid": 32334116, "pmcid": "PMC7194559", "title": "Self-assessment of the Thai Department of Disease Control's communication for international response to COVID-19 in the early phase.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hinjoy, Soawapak", "Tsukayama, Royce", "Chuxnum, Teerasak", "Masunglong, Wattana", "Sidet, Chitphanu", "Kleeblumjeak, Pitchapa", "Onsai, Napatsawan", "Iamsirithaworn, Sopon"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334116", "countries": ["Thailand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to assess the Thailand Department of Disease Control's (DDC) early responses to COVID-19 in respect to communication with the international community and to identify the manner of Thailand's response during public health emergencies. Documents and international response communication from 4-31 January 2020 were reviewed and dates of responses were collected for descriptive analysis. A questionnaire was submitted to the DDC officers responsible for international coordination. A meeting to identify responses was held to evaluate the self-assessed capacities of the Department's international communication. Thailand began the COVID-19 screening protocol on 3 January 2020. International correspondence subsequently occurred continually either through the ASEAN or International Health Regulations (IHR) mechanisms. The total score of communication for international response was 88.9%. For IHR reporting duties, the median duration to respond was 2.49hours. Official news was sent within a mean of 9.18hours and the English daily situation reports were always uploaded onto the official website within 24hours. This study provided a benchmark for international coordination and communication capacities and also identified areas for improvement during public health emergencies, such as the need to identify English-speaking spokespeople to communicate at an international level."}, {"pmid": 32221153, "pmcid": "PMC7176267", "title": "The looming pandemic of COVID-19: What therapeutic options do we have now?", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Afsar, Nasir Ali"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221153", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392184, "title": "Clinical trials for COVID-19 should include sex as a variable.", "journal": "J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Bischof, Evelyne", "Wolfe, Jeannette", "Klein, Sabra L"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392184", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32092539, "pmcid": "PMC7102551", "title": "Is COVID-19 receiving ADE from other coronaviruses?", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Tetro, Jason A"], "date": "2020-02-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32092539", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "One of the most perplexing questions regarding the current COVID-19 coronavirus epidemic is the discrepancy between the severity of cases observed in the Hubei province of China and those occurring elsewhere in the world. One possible answer is antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) of SARS-CoV-2 due to prior exposure to other coronaviruses. ADE modulates the immune response and can elicit sustained inflammation, lymphopenia, and/or cytokine storm, one or all of which have been documented in severe cases and deaths. ADE also requires prior exposure to similar antigenic epitopes, presumably circulating in local viruses, making it a possible explanation for the observed geographic limitation of severe cases and deaths."}, {"pmid": 32315263, "title": "Telemedicine in the Time of the Coronavirus.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Merrell, Ronald C", "Doarn, Charles R Editors-in-Chief"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315263", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501484, "title": "Informatics is a critical strategy in combating the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Bakken, Suzanne"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501484", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360375, "pmcid": "PMC7192080", "title": "Forgetting \"routine\" deep venous thrombosis and stroke during COVID-19 is a parallel pandemic that will be costly if ignored.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Rogers, Steven K", "Hughes, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360375", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393316, "pmcid": "PMC7212246", "title": "Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on life scientists.", "journal": "Genome Biol", "authors": ["Korbel, Jan O", "Stegle, Oliver"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393316", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457054, "pmcid": "PMC7252983", "title": "Cancer datasets and the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: establishing principles for collaboration.", "journal": "ESMO Open", "authors": ["Palmieri, Carlo", "Palmer, Daniel", "Openshaw, Peter Jm", "Baille, J Kenneth", "Semple, Malcolm G", "Turtle, Lance"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457054", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296473, "pmcid": "PMC7158840", "title": "[SARS-CoV-2 infection may result in appendicular syndrome: Chest CT scan before appendectomy].", "authors": ["Pautrat, Karine", "Chergui, Naima"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296473", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The initial clinical presentation of CoronaVirus Disease 2019 may be appendicular syndrome. An abdominal CT scan ruled out a diagnosis of appendicitis and a chest CT scan yielded a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. CT scan is required before considering emergency surgery for acute appendicitis."}, {"pmid": 32283894, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology and control, different scenarios for Turkey", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Petersen, Eskild", "Gokengin, Deniz"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283894", "countries": ["Italy", "Singapore", "Korea, Republic of", "China", "Turkey"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Infectious Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now a pandemic spreading in most countries including Turkey. The current knowledge of COVID-19 and the virus causing it, SARS-CoV-2, was reviewed. The epidemiology and control in different countries was compared and the differences discussed. The population attack rates and case fatality rates vary from country to country with Lombardy in northern Italy reporting an attack rate in the general population of 0.37% compared to 0.004% in Hong Kong. The differences are caused by different testing strategies and reporting systems. Turkey is early in the outbreak. Different control strategies are available with South Korea, Hong Kong and Singapore being models to follow."}, {"pmid": 32244415, "pmcid": "PMC7231234", "title": "People with Suspected COVID-19 Symptoms Were More Likely Depressed and Had Lower Health-Related Quality of Life: The Potential Benefit of Health Literacy.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Nguyen, Hoang C", "Nguyen, Minh H", "Do, Binh N", "Tran, Cuong Q", "Nguyen, Thao T P", "Pham, Khue M", "Pham, Linh V", "Tran, Khanh V", "Duong, Trang T", "Tran, Tien V", "Duong, Thai H", "Nguyen, Tham T", "Nguyen, Quyen H", "Hoang, Thanh M", "Nguyen, Kien T", "Pham, Thu T M", "Yang, Shwu-Huey", "Chao, Jane C-J", "Duong, Tuyen Van"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32244415", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic affects people's health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), especially in those who have suspected COVID-19 symptoms (S-COVID-19-S). We examined the effect of modifications of health literacy (HL) on depression and HRQoL. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 14 February to 2 March 2020. 3947 participants were recruited from outpatient departments of nine hospitals and health centers across Vietnam. The interviews were conducted using printed questionnaires including participants' characteristics, clinical parameters, health behaviors, HL, depression, and HRQoL. People with S-COVID-19-S had a higher depression likelihood (OR, 2.88; p < 0.001), lower HRQoL-score (B, -7.92; p < 0.001). In comparison to people without S-COVID-19-S and low HL, those with S-COVID-19-S and low HL had 9.70 times higher depression likelihood (p < 0.001), 20.62 lower HRQoL-score (p < 0.001), for the people without S-COVID-19-S, 1 score increment of HL resulted in 5% lower depression likelihood (p < 0.001) and 0.45 higher HRQoL-score (p < 0.001), while for those people with S-COVID-19-S, 1 score increment of HL resulted in a 4% lower depression likelihood (p = 0.004) and 0.43 higher HRQoL-score (p < 0.001). People with S-COVID-19-S had a higher depression likelihood and lower HRQoL than those without. HL shows a protective effect on depression and HRQoL during the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32458400, "pmcid": "PMC7250255", "title": "Implications for Neuromodulation Therapy to Control Inflammation and Related Organ Dysfunction in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Cardiovasc Transl Res", "authors": ["Fudim, Marat", "Qadri, Yawar J", "Ghadimi, Kamrouz", "MacLeod, David B", "Molinger, Jeroen", "Piccini, Jonathan P", "Whittle, John", "Wischmeyer, Paul E", "Patel, Manesh R", "Ulloa, Luis"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458400", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a syndrome that includes more than just isolated respiratory disease, as severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) also interacts with the cardiovascular, nervous, renal, and immune system at multiple levels, increasing morbidity in patients with underlying cardiometabolic conditions and inducing myocardial injury or dysfunction. Emerging evidence suggests that patients with the highest rate of morbidity and mortality following SARS-CoV2 infection have also developed a hyperinflammatory syndrome (also termed cytokine release syndrome). We lay out the potential contribution of a dysfunction in autonomic tone to the cytokine release syndrome and related multiorgan damage in COVID-19. We hypothesize that a cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway could be targeted as a therapeutic avenue. Graphical Abstract ."}, {"pmid": 32501392, "pmcid": "PMC7247996", "title": "The role of ecosystems in mitigation and management of Covid-19 and other zoonoses.", "journal": "Environ Sci Policy", "authors": ["Everard, Mark", "Johnston, Paul", "Santillo, David", "Staddon, Chad"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501392", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is rising international concern about the zoonotic origins of many global pandemics. Increasing human-animal interactions are perceived as driving factors in pathogen transfer, emphasising the close relationships between human, animal and environmental health. Contemporary livelihood and market patterns tend to degrade ecosystems and their services, driving a cycle of degradation in increasingly tightly linked socio-ecological systems. This contributes to reductions in the natural regulating capacities of ecosystem services to limit disease transfer from animals to humans. It also undermines natural resource availability, compromising measures such as washing and sanitation that may be key to managing subsequent human-to-human disease transmission. Human activities driving this degrading cycle tend to convert beneficial ecosystem services into disservices, exacerbating risks related to zoonotic diseases. Conversely, measures to protect or restore ecosystems constitute investment in foundational capital, enhancing their capacities to provide for greater human security and opportunity. We use the DPSIR (Drivers-Pressures-State change-Impact-Response) framework to explore three aspects of zoonotic diseases: (1) the significance of disease regulation ecosystem services and their degradation in the emergence of Covid-19 and other zoonotic diseases; and of the protection of natural resources as mitigating contributions to both (2) regulating human-to-human disease transfer; and (3) treatment of disease outbreaks. From this analysis, we identify a set of appropriate response options, recognising the foundational roles of ecosystems and the services they provide in risk management. Zoonotic disease risks are ultimately interlinked with biodiversity crises and water insecurity. The need to respond to the Covid-19 pandemic ongoing at the time of writing creates an opportunity for systemic policy change, placing scientific knowledge of the value and services of ecosystems at the heart of societal concerns as a key foundation for a more secure future. Rapid political responses and unprecedented economic stimuli reacting to the pandemic demonstrate that systemic change is achievable at scale and pace, and is also therefore transferrable to other existential, global-scale threats including climate change and the 'biodiversity crisis'. This also highlights the need for concerted global action, and is also consistent with the duties, and ultimately the self-interests, of developed, donor nations."}, {"pmid": 32301955, "title": "COVID-19-Looking Beyond Tomorrow for Health Care and Society.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Fontanarosa, Phil B", "Bauchner, Howard"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301955", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479247, "title": "Novel Coronavirus Disease and the Current Scenario of the Global Health Emergency.", "journal": "Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem", "authors": ["Baruah, Geetanjali", "Sahu, Jagajjit"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479247", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476597, "title": "COVID-19 and Long-Term Care Policy for Older People in Hong Kong.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Lum, Terry", "Shi, Cheng", "Wong, Gloria", "Wong, Kayla"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476597", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hong Kong is a major international travel hub and a densely populated city geographically adjacent to Mainland China. Despite these risk factors, it has managed to contain the COVID-19 epidemic without a total lockdown of the city. Three months on since the outbreak, the city reported slightly more than 1,000 infected people, only four deaths and no infection in residential care homes or adult day care centers. Public health intervention and population behavioral change were credited as reasons for this success. Hong Kong's public health intervention was developed from the lessons learned during the SARS epidemic in 2003 that killed 299 people, including 57 residential care residents. This perspective summarizes Hong Kong's responses to the COVID-19 virus, with a specific focus on how the long-term care system contained the spread of COVID-19 into residential care homes and home and community-based services."}, {"pmid": 32406749, "pmcid": "PMC7222512", "title": "Oncology clinical trials in the time of COVID-19: how a pandemic can revolutionize patients' care.", "journal": "Future Oncol", "authors": ["Massari, Francesco", "Mollica, Veronica", "Salvagni, Stefania", "Tognetto, Michele", "Ardizzoni, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406749", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32440384, "pmcid": "PMC7237167", "title": "Personal Protective Equipment N95 Facemask Shortage Quick Fix: The Modified Airway From VEntilatoR Circuit (MAVerIC).", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Convissar, David", "Berra, Lorenzo", "Chang, Marvin G", "Bittner, Edward A"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440384", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We are in a crisis where healthcare providers on the frontlines are running out of the appropriate personal protective equipment including N95 masks and power air-purifying respirators.\u00a0Here, we propose a makeshift filter mask that we call the Modified Airway from VEntilatoR Circuit (MAVerIC) that can be assembled within seconds using widely available supplies routinely utilized by anesthesia providers in the operating room to provide practitioners on the frontlines with the high standard of protection of a N95 mask during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and can be easily quantitatively \"fit tested\" to ensure no significant leak to optimize safety and efficacy."}, {"pmid": 32336467, "pmcid": "PMC7138380", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the activity and professionals of a General Surgery and Digestive Surgery Service in a tertiary hospital.", "journal": "Cir Esp", "authors": ["Alvarez Gallego, Mario", "Gortazar de Las Casas, Sara", "Pascual Miguelanez, Isabel", "Rubio-Perez, Ines", "Barragan Serrano, Cristina", "Alvarez Pena, Estibaliz", "Diaz Dominguez, Joaquin"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336467", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection has led to a radical reorganization of healthcare resources. Surgical Departments need to adapt to this change. We performed a prospective descriptive observational study of the incidence of COVID-19 in patients and surgeons of a General Surgical Department in a high prevalence area, between the 1st and 31st of March 2020. Patients: The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in elective surgery patients was 7% (mean age 59.5 years). All survived. Of 36 patients who underwent emergency surgery, two of them were SARS-CoV-2 positive and one was clinically highly suspicious of COVID-19 (11.1%). All three patients died of respiratory failure (mean age 81 years). Surgeons: There were a total of 12 confirmed SARS-CoV-2+ cases among the surgical department staff (24.4%) (8 out of 34 consultants and 4 out of 15 residents). Healthcare activity: The average number of daily emergency surgical interventions declined from 3.6 in February to 1.16 in March. 42% of the patients who underwent emergency surgery had peritonitis upon presentation. The fast pace of COVID-19 pandemia should alert surgical departments of the need of adopting early measures to ensure the safety of patients and staff."}, {"pmid": 32376263, "pmcid": "PMC7196549", "title": "Palliative Care in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Mercadante, Sebastiano", "Adile, Claudio", "Ferrera, Patrizia", "Giuliana, Fausto", "Terruso, Lidia", "Piccione, Tania"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376263", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After COVID-19 crisis in Italy, serious restrictions have been introduced for relatives, with limitations or prohibitions on hospital visits. To partially overcome these issues \"WhatsApp\" has been adopted to get family members to participate in clinical rounds. Family members of patients admitted to the acute palliative care unit and hospice were screened for a period of two\u00a0weeks. Four formal questions were posed: 1) Are you happy to virtually attend the clinical round? 2) Are you happy with the information gained in this occasion? 3) Do you think that your loved one was happy to see you during the clinical rounds? 4) This technology may substitute your presence during the clinical rounds? The scores were 0\u00a0=\u00a0no, 1\u00a0=\u00a0a little bit, 2\u00a0=\u00a0much, 3\u00a0=\u00a0very much. Relatives were free to comment about these points. Sixteen of 25 screened family members were interviewed. Most family members had a good impression, providing scores of 2 or 3 for the first three items. However, the real presence bedside (forth question) was considered irreplaceable. They perceived that their loved one, when admitted to hospice, had to say good-bye before dying."}, {"pmid": 32471278, "title": "Pulmonary Delivery of Fenretinide: A Possible Adjuvant Treatment In COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Orienti, Isabella", "Gentilomi, Giovanna Angela", "Farruggia, Giovanna"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471278", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At present, there is no vaccine or effective standard treatment for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (or coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19)), which frequently leads to lethal pulmonary inflammatory responses. COVID-19 pathology is characterized by extreme inflammation and amplified immune response with activation of a cytokine storm. A subsequent progression to acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can take place, which is often followed by death. The causes of these strong inflammatory responses in SARS-CoV-2 infection are still unknown. As uncontrolled pulmonary inflammation is likely the main cause of death in SARS-CoV-2 infection, anti-inflammatory therapeutic interventions are particularly important. Fenretinide N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide is a bioactive molecule characterized by poly-pharmacological properties and a low toxicity profile. Fenretinide is endowed with antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and immunomodulating properties other than efficacy in obesity/diabetic pathologies. Its anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities, in particular, could likely have utility in multimodal therapies for the treatment of ALI/ARDS in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, fenretinide administration by pulmonary delivery systems could further increase its therapeutic value by carrying high drug concentrations to the lungs and triggering a rapid onset of activity. This is particularly important in SARS-CoV-2 infection, where only a narrow time window exists for therapeutic intervention."}, {"pmid": 32322132, "pmcid": "PMC7174923", "title": "Converting Home Spaces Into Food Gardens At the Time of Covid-19 Quarantine: All the Benefits of Plants in This Difficult and Unprecedented Period.", "journal": "Hum Ecol Interdiscip J", "authors": ["Sofo, Adriano", "Sofo, Antonino"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322132", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "People are facing uncertain and difficult times in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic. The benefits of plants (psychological, health, economic, productive) in this period of forced isolation can be of key importance. If many of us have to self-isolate in urban or suburban environments, we need something to do to keep our bodies and minds active and fed. In such a challenging scenario, a vegetable garden in home spaces can bring recreational, health, economic and environmental benefits. Regardless of the Covid-19 pandemic, there is untapped potential for this kind of garden to impact environmental outcomes, public awareness, and market trends. Home vegetable gardens could provide a small-scale approach to the sustainable use of natural resources, leading towards self-sufficiency, self-regulation, sustainability, and environmental protection."}, {"pmid": 32457027, "pmcid": "PMC7249097", "title": "Scope, quality, and inclusivity of clinical guidelines produced early in the covid-19 pandemic: rapid review.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dagens, Andrew", "Sigfrid, Louise", "Cai, Erhui", "Lipworth, Sam", "Cheung, Vincent", "Harris, Eli", "Bannister, Peter", "Rigby, Ishmeala", "Horby, Peter"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457027", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To appraise the availability, quality, and inclusivity of clinical guidelines produced in the early stage of the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic. Rapid review. Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Ovid Global Health, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and WHO Global Index Medicus, searched from inception to 14 Mar 2020. Search strategies applied the CADTH database guidelines search filter, with no limits applied to search results. Further studies were identified through searches of grey literature using the ISARIC network. Clinical guidelines for the management of covid-19, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) produced by international and national scientific organisations and government and non-governmental organisations relating to global health were included, with no exclusions for language. Regional/hospital guidelines were excluded. Only the earliest version of any guideline was included. Quality was assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II tool. The quality and contents of early covid-19 guidelines were also compared with recent clinical guidelines for MERS and SARS. 2836 studies were identified, of which 2794 were excluded after screening. Forty two guidelines were considered eligible for inclusion, with 18 being specific to covid-19. Overall, the clinical guidelines lacked detail and covered a narrow range of topics. Recommendations varied in relation to, for example, the use of antiviral drugs. The overall quality was poor, particularly in the domains of stakeholder involvement, applicability, and editorial independence. Links between evidence and recommendations were limited. Minimal provision was made for vulnerable groups such as pregnant women, children, and older people. Guidelines available early in the covid-19 pandemic had methodological weaknesses and neglected vulnerable groups such as older people. A framework for development of clinical guidelines during public health emergencies is needed to ensure rigorous methods and the inclusion of vulnerable populations. PROSPERO CRD42020167361."}, {"pmid": 32243239, "pmcid": "PMC7233400", "title": "Regarding \"Artificial Intelligence Distinguishes COVID-19 from Community Acquired Pneumonia on Chest CT\".", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Dadario, Andrew Maranhao Ventura", "Paiva, Joselisa Peres Queiroz", "Chate, Rodrigo Caruso", "Machado, Birajara Soares", "Szarf, Gilberto"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243239", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32252845, "pmcid": "PMC7170809", "title": "Adaptation of the National Plan for the Prevention and Fight Against Pandemic Influenza to the 2020 COVID-19 Epidemic in France.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Ghanchi, Ali"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32252845", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On Tuesday, March 17, 2020, at noon, France became the third European country to impose a nationwide containment policy in the fight against epidemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) viral infection. Announcing that the country was at \"war,\" President Macron called upon all to play a role in mitigating against further development of contagion. This extreme measure never seen before during peace time was the result of adapting not only the French Pandemic Influenza Plan (PIP) being applied to the national context but also real-time clinical, epidemiological, and scientific information about the evolution of COVID-19 infection in the country. The situation was further complicated by local municipal elections and political agendas by populist opinions. Despite mass communication about the importance of individual behavioral attitudes to counter disease propagation, few heeded government advice. Consequently, the situation rapidly deteriorated with increasing number of cases that started to overwhelm health services. As a result, decisive and immediate action was taken by the State for the national public health interest. This report from the field details the timely events that contributed to this extreme policy decision taken by France. A policy decision that other Western democracies have since applied as the pandemic disseminated across the globe."}, {"pmid": 32343816, "pmcid": "PMC7197523", "title": "Change in tobacco and electronic cigarette use and motivation to quit in response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Nicotine Tob Res", "authors": ["Klemperer, Elias M", "West, Julia C", "Peasley-Miklus, Catherine", "Villanti, Andrea C"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343816", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478543, "title": "Preloss grief in family members of COVID-19 patients: Recommendations for clinicians and researchers.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Singer, Jonathan", "Spiegel, Jamie A", "Papa, Anthony"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478543", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Researchers have long examined grief-related reactions to the diagnosis of a loved one with a terminal illness, including preloss grief (PLG), which is the experience of grief symptoms prior to the loss of a loved one. Families face novel challenges when loved ones with COVID-19 become critically ill-most notably mandated physical separation-and may experience a wide range of PLG responses. This commentary examines the existing literature related to PLG as a means for understanding the psychological impact of COVID-19 deaths, identifies factors professionals can assess for and address when working with a family member of COVID-19 patients, and identifies areas for future research related to COVID-19 and PLG. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32324177, "title": "Some drugs for COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Lett Drugs Ther", "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324177", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306452, "pmcid": "PMC7264803", "title": "Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2: A double-edged sword?", "journal": "FASEB J", "authors": ["Yan, Tiantian", "Xiao, Rong", "Lin, Guoan"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306452", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) facilitates cellular entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 as their common receptor. During infection, ACE2-expressing tissues become direct targets, resulting in serious pathological changes and progressive multiple organ failure or even death in severe cases. However, as an essential component of renin-angiotensin system (RAS), ACE2 confers protective effects in physiological circumstance, including maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis, fluid, and electrolyte balance. The absence of protective role of ACE2 leads to dysregulated RAS and thus acute changes under multiple pathological scenarios including SARS. This potentially shared mechanism may also be the molecular explanation for pathogenesis driven by SARS-CoV-2. We reasonably speculate several potential directions of clinical management including host-directed therapies aiming to restore dysregulated RAS caused by ACE2 deficiency. Enriched knowledge of ACE2 learned from SARS and COVID-19 outbreaks can provide, despite their inherent tragedy, informative clues for emerging pandemic preparedness."}, {"pmid": 32414813, "title": "Risk of severe illness from COVID-19 in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and increased fibrosis scores.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Targher, Giovanni", "Mantovani, Alessandro", "Byrne, Christopher D", "Wang, Xiao-Bo", "Yan, Hua-Dong", "Sun, Qing-Feng", "Pan, Ke-Hua", "Zheng, Kenneth I", "Chen, Yong-Ping", "Eslam, Mohammed", "George, Jacob", "Zheng, Ming-Hua"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414813", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405816, "pmcid": "PMC7220537", "title": "Complicated myocardial infarction in a 99-year-old lady in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: from the need to rule out coronavirus infection to emergency percutaneous coronary angioplasty.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Sgura, Fabio Alfredo", "Arrotti, Salvatore", "Cappello, Carlo Giuseppe", "Boriani, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405816", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470627, "pmcid": "PMC7248630", "title": "COVID-19 treatments, QT interval and arrhythmic risk: the need for an international Registry on Arrhythmias.", "journal": "Heart Rhythm", "authors": ["Crotti, Lia", "Arbelo, Elena"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470627", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32065348, "pmcid": "PMC7088641", "title": "Can Chinese Medicine Be Used for Prevention of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)? A Review of Historical Classics, Research Evidence and Current Prevention Programs.", "journal": "Chin J Integr Med", "authors": ["Luo, Hui", "Tang, Qiao-Ling", "Shang, Ya-Xi", "Liang, Shi-Bing", "Yang, Ming", "Robinson, Nicola", "Liu, Jian-Ping"], "date": "2020-02-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32065348", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, an outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, and rapidly spread to almost all parts of China. This was followed by prevention programs recommending Chinese medicine (CM) for the prevention. In order to provide evidence for CM recommendations, we reviewed ancient classics and human studies. Historical records on prevention and treatment of infections in CM classics, clinical evidence of CM on the prevention of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and H1N1 influenza, and CM prevention programs issued by health authorities in China since the COVID-19 outbreak were retrieved from different databases and websites till 12 February, 2020. Research evidence included data from clinical trials, cohort or other population studies using CM for preventing contagious respiratory virus diseases. The use of CM to prevent epidemics of infectious diseases was traced back to ancient Chinese practice cited in Huangdi's Internal Classic (Huang Di Nei Jing) where preventive effects were recorded. There were 3 studies using CM for prevention of SARS and 4 studies for H1N1 influenza. None of the participants who took CM contracted SARS in the 3 studies. The infection rate of H1N1 influenza in the CM group was significantly lower than the non-CM group (relative risk 0.36, 95% confidence interval 0.24-0.52; n=4). For prevention of COVID-19, 23 provinces in China issued CM programs. The main principles of CM use were to tonify qi to protect from external pathogens, disperse wind and discharge heat, and resolve dampness. The most frequently used herbs included Radix astragali (Huangqi), Radix glycyrrhizae (Gancao), Radix saposhnikoviae (Fangfeng), Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (Baizhu), Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (Jinyinhua), and Fructus forsythia (Lianqiao). Based on historical records and human evidence of SARS and H1N1 influenza prevention, Chinese herbal formula could be an alternative approach for prevention of COVID-19 in high-risk population. Prospective, rigorous population studies are warranted to confirm the potential preventive effect of CM."}, {"pmid": 32333025, "pmcid": "PMC7181112", "title": "Characteristics of COVID-19 pandemic and public health consequences.", "journal": "Herz", "authors": ["Stang, Andreas", "Standl, Fabian", "Jockel, Karl-Heinz"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333025", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32023340, "pmcid": "PMC7077751", "title": "Reporting, Epidemic Growth, and Reproduction Numbers for the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Epidemic.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Tuite, Ashleigh R", "Fisman, David N"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32023340", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387001, "pmcid": "PMC7192067", "title": "COVID-19 and potential global mortality - Revisited.", "journal": "Early Hum Dev", "authors": ["Grech, Victor"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387001", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516203, "title": "Temporal Improvement of a COVID-19-Positive Crohn's Disease Patient Treated With Bismuth Subsalicylate.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Wolf, Douglas C", "Wolf, Christine H", "Rubin, David T"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516203", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442263, "title": "It is time for computable evidence synthesis: The COVID-19 Knowledge Accelerator Initiative.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Richardson, Joshua E", "Alper, Brian S", "Lehmann, Harold P", "Subbian, Vignesh"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442263", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483490, "pmcid": "PMC7234940", "title": "The role of selectivity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus for human genetic profiles in susceptibility and resistance to COVID-19.", "journal": "New Microbes New Infect", "authors": ["Khan, Fawad A"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483490", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently observed similarities in COVID-19 susceptibility among genetically related individuals hints at a selectivity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that hinges on the affinity for select genetic profiles prevalent in the human species. The selectivity determines susceptibility of clinical disease and extent of pathogenesis, including fatal lung and myocardial injury, and may be more cogent than the recently reported risk factors. The selectivity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus for human genetic profiles as a factor of the virulence appears to be a novel feature and was not previously noted in the epidemics of widespread viral respiratory illnesses in humans."}, {"pmid": 32469511, "pmcid": "PMC7269094", "title": "Virus Detection: What Were We Doing before COVID-19 Changed the World?", "journal": "ACS Sens", "authors": ["Gooding, J Justin", "Ligler, Frances S"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469511", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312567, "pmcid": "PMC7130411", "title": "[Ensuring mental health care during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in France: A narrative review].", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Chevance, A", "Gourion, D", "Hoertel, N", "Llorca, P-M", "Thomas, P", "Bocher, R", "Moro, M-R", "Laprevote, V", "Benyamina, A", "Fossati, P", "Masson, M", "Leaune, E", "Leboyer, M", "Gaillard, R"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312567", "countries": ["China", "France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The lack of ressources and coordination to face the epidemic of coronavirus raises concerns for the health of patients with mental disorders in a country where we keep in memory the dramatic experience of famine in psychiatric hospitals during the Second World War. This article aims at proposing guidance to ensure mental health care during the SARS-CoV epidemy in France. Authors performed a narrative review identifying relevant results in the scientific and medical literature and local initiatives in France. We identified four types of major vulnerabilities in patients suffering from mental disorders during this pandemic: (1) medical comorbidities that are more frequently found in patients suffering from mental disorders (cardiovascular and pulmonary pathologies, diabetes, obesity, etc.) which represent risk factors for severe infections with Covid-19; (2) age (the elderly constituting the population most vulnerable to coronavirus); (3) cognitive and behavioral troubles which can hamper compliance with confinement and hygiene measures and finally and (4) psychosocial vulnerability due to stigmatization and/or socio-economic difficulties. Furthermore, the mental health healthcare system is more vulnerable than other healthcare systems. Current government plans are poorly adapted to psychiatric establishments in a context of major shortage of organizational, material and human resources. In addition, a certain number of structural aspects make the psychiatric institution particularly vulnerable: many beds are closed, wards have a high density of patients, mental health community facilities are closed, medical teams are understaffed and poorly trained to face infectious diseases. We could also face major issues in referring patients with acute mental disorders to intensive care units. To maintain continuity of psychiatric care in this pandemic situation, several directions can be considered, in particular with the creation of Covid+ units. These units are under the dual supervision of a psychiatrist and of an internist/infectious disease specialist; all new entrants should be placed in quarantine for 14\u00a0days; the nurse staff should benefit from specific training, from daily medical check-ups and from close psychological support. Family visits would be prohibited and replaced by videoconference. At the end of hospitalization, in particular for the population of patients in compulsory ambulatory care situations, specific case-management should be organized with the possibility of home visits, in order to support them when they get back home and to help them to cope with the experience of confinement, which is at risk to induce recurrences of mental disorders. The total or partial closure of mental health community facilities is particularly disturbing for patients but a regular follow-up is possible with telemedicine and should include the monitoring of the suicide risk and psychoeducation strategies; developing support platforms could also be very helpful in this context. Private psychiatrists have also a crucial role of information with their patients on confinement and barrier measures, but also on measures to prevent the psychological risks inherent to confinement: maintenance of sleep regularity, physical exercise, social interactions, stress management and coping strategies, prevention of addictions, etc. They should also be trained to prevent, detect and treat early warning symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, because their prevalence was high in the regions of China most affected by the pandemic. French mental healthcare is now in a great and urgent need for reorganization and must also prepare in the coming days and weeks to face an epidemic of emotional disorders due to the containment of the general population."}, {"pmid": 32500224, "pmcid": "PMC7270513", "title": "Severe exacerbation of immune thrombocytopenia and COVID-19: the favorable response to corticosteroid-based therapy-a case report.", "journal": "Ann Hematol", "authors": ["Hu, Zhiliang", "Chen, Wei", "Liang, Wenyan", "Xu, Chuanjun", "Sun, Wenkui", "Yi, Yongxiang"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500224", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372533, "title": "Fecal testing for SARS-CoV-2 in patients undergoing elective lower gastrointestinal endoscopy is advised.", "journal": "J Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Hamid, H K S"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372533", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354635, "pmcid": "PMC7142690", "title": "Early experience with COVID-19 in kidney transplantation.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Coates, P Toby", "Wong, Germaine", "Drueke, Tilman", "Rovin, Brad", "Ronco, Pierre"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354635", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394689, "title": "COVID-19, Renin-angiotensin System and Hematopoiesis.", "journal": "Turk J Haematol", "authors": ["Ciftciler, Rafiye", "Haznedaroglu, Ibrahim C"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394689", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381261, "pmcid": "PMC7167543", "title": "Equality or utility? Ethics and law of rationing ventilators.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Savulescu, Julian", "Cameron, James", "Wilkinson, Dominic"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381261", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295727, "pmcid": "PMC7151240", "title": "Olfactory Bulb Magnetic Resonance Imaging in SARS-CoV-2-Induced Anosmia: The First Report.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Galougahi, Mahboobeh Karimi", "Ghorbani, Jahangir", "Bakhshayeshkaram, Mehrdad", "Naeini, Ali Safavi", "Haseli, Sara"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295727", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32127124, "pmcid": "PMC7055038", "title": "Early transmission patterns of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in travellers from Wuhan to Thailand, January 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Okada, Pilailuk", "Buathong, Rome", "Phuygun, Siripaporn", "Thanadachakul, Thanutsapa", "Parnmen, Sittiporn", "Wongboot, Warawan", "Waicharoen, Sunthareeya", "Wacharapluesadee, Supaporn", "Uttayamakul, Sumonmal", "Vachiraphan, Apichart", "Chittaganpitch, Malinee", "Mekha, Nanthawan", "Janejai, Noppavan", "Iamsirithaworn, Sopon", "Lee, Raphael Tc", "Maurer-Stroh, Sebastian"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32127124", "countries": ["China", "Thailand"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report two cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in travellers from Wuhan, China to Thailand. Both were independent introductions on separate flights, discovered with thermoscanners and confirmed with RT-PCR and genome sequencing. Both cases do not seem directly linked to the Huanan Seafood Market in Hubei but the viral genomes are identical to four other sequences from Wuhan, suggesting early spread within the city already in the first week of January."}, {"pmid": 32383149, "pmcid": "PMC7205372", "title": "Stop Doing Needless Things! Saving Healthcare Resources During COVID-19 and Beyond.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Warner, Matthew A"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383149", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak is putting tremendous strain on the US healthcare system, with a direct impact on medical professionals, hospital systems, and physical resources. While comprehensive public health and regulatory efforts are essential to overcome this crisis, it is important to recognize this moment as an opportunity to provide more intelligent and more efficient care in spite of increasing patient volumes and fewer resources. Specifically, we must limit unnecessary and wasteful medical practices and improve the delivery of those services which enhance the quality of patient care. In doing so, we will increase availability of the critical resources required for the provision of high-quality care to those in greatest need both now and in the future."}, {"pmid": 31978945, "pmcid": "PMC7092803", "title": "A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Zhu, Na", "Zhang, Dingyu", "Wang, Wenling", "Li, Xingwang", "Yang, Bo", "Song, Jingdong", "Zhao, Xiang", "Huang, Baoying", "Shi, Weifeng", "Lu, Roujian", "Niu, Peihua", "Zhan, Faxian", "Ma, Xuejun", "Wang, Dayan", "Xu, Wenbo", "Wu, Guizhen", "Gao, George F", "Tan, Wenjie"], "date": "2020-01-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31978945", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a cluster of patients with pneumonia of unknown cause was linked to a seafood wholesale market in Wuhan, China. A previously unknown betacoronavirus was discovered through the use of unbiased sequencing in samples from patients with pneumonia. Human airway epithelial cells were used to isolate a novel coronavirus, named 2019-nCoV, which formed a clade within the subgenus sarbecovirus, Orthocoronavirinae subfamily. Different from both MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, 2019-nCoV is the seventh member of the family of coronaviruses that infect humans. Enhanced surveillance and further investigation are ongoing. (Funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China and the National Major Project for Control and Prevention of Infectious Disease in China.)."}, {"pmid": 32437077, "title": "Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children: Are they similar to those of SARS?", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["Leung, Char"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437077", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections\u00a0has been rising amid the current pandemic of COVID-19, the low infection rate of SARS-CoV-2 in children has been low. By examining the clinical data available in the public domain, the present work clarifies the clinical presentations in children with COVID-19 in China. Statistical significance tests and adjusted odds ratios estimation were performed on the children (age below 18) and adults (age 18 or above) cohorts in China. SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 shared similar clinical features. Lower respiratory tract infection was less prominent in children as evidenced by the relatively low prevalence in chest pain/discomfort and dyspnea. Similar to SARS, younger children had a less aggressive clinical course, compared with adolescents. While fewer symptoms were observed in children compared to adults, there is not yet sufficient evidence to conclude shorter hospital stay in children."}, {"pmid": 32470789, "pmcid": "PMC7244420", "title": "Survival of COVID-19 patients requires precise immune regulation: The hypothetical immunoprotective role of nicotinic agonists.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Allahverdi Khani, M", "SalehiRad, M", "Darbeheshti, S", "Motaghinejad, M"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470789", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "recent studies have provided novel evidence regarding the effect of nicotine agonists on the prevention or modulation of cytokines storm and reduction of infection. In this study we tried to attempt to address these issues from a therapeutic perspective of nicotine agonists in this manner and we describe one of the most challenging theories of immunotherapy in coronavirus-19 (COVID-19). The analysis of the proposed mechanism goes beyond the physiological consequences of a way to design new strategies to provide anti-inflammatory drugs."}, {"pmid": 32509535, "pmcid": "PMC7260501", "title": "Reducing transmission of COVID-19 using a continuous negative pressure operative field barrier during oral maxillofacial surgery.", "journal": "Oral Maxillofac Surg Cases", "authors": ["Gonzalez-Ciccarelli, Luis F", "Nilson, James", "Oreadi, Daniel", "Fakitsas, Dimitrios", "Sekhar, Pavan", "Quraishi, Sadeq A"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509535", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Oral and maxillofacial surgery in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, presents a high risk of exposure and cross contamination to the operative room personnel. We designed, simulated and implemented a continue negative pressure operative field barrier to provide an additional layer of protection, using standard equipment readily available in most operative rooms during oral and maxillofacial procedures."}, {"pmid": 32269893, "pmcid": "PMC7138423", "title": "A Comprehensive Literature Review on the Clinical Presentation, and Management of the Pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Kakodkar, Pramath", "Kaka, Nagham", "Baig, M N"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269893", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a declared global pandemic. There are multiple parameters of the clinical course and management of the COVID-19 that need optimization. A hindrance to this development is the vast amount of misinformation present due to scarcely sourced manuscript preprints and social media. This literature review aims to presents accredited and the most current studies pertaining to the basic sciences of SARS-CoV-2, clinical presentation and disease course of COVID-19, public health interventions, and current epidemiological developments. The review on basic sciences aims to clarify the jargon in virology, describe the virion structure of SARS-CoV-2 and present pertinent details relevant to clinical practice. Another component discussed is the brief history on the series of experiments used to explore the origins and evolution of the phylogeny of the viral genome of SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, the clinical and epidemiological differences between COVID-19 and other infections causing outbreaks (SARS, MERS, H1N1) are elucidated. Emphasis is placed on evidence-based medicine to evaluate the frequency of presentation of various symptoms to create a stratification system of the most important epidemiological risk factors for COVID-19. These can be used to triage and expedite risk\u00a0assessment.\u00a0Furthermore, the limitations and statistical strength of the diagnostic tools currently in clinical practice are evaluated. Criteria on rapid screening, discharge from hospital and discontinuation of self-quarantine are clarified. Epidemiological factors influencing the rapid rate of spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus are described. Accurate information pertinent to improving prevention strategies is also discussed. The penultimate portion of the review aims to explain the involvement of micronutrients such as vitamin C and vitamin D\u00a0in COVID19 treatment and prophylaxis. Furthermore, the biochemistry of the major candidates for novel therapies is briefly reviewed and a summary of their current status in the clinical trials is presented. Lastly, the current scientific data and status of governing bodies such as the Center of Disease Control (CDC) and the WHO on the usage of controversial therapies such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (Ibuprofen), and corticosteroids usage in COVID-19 are discussed. The composite collection of accredited studies on each of these subtopics of COVID-19 within this review will enable clarification and focus on the current status and direction\u00a0in the planning of the management of this global pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32434945, "pmcid": "PMC7243363", "title": "DNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Yu, Jingyou", "Tostanoski, Lisa H", "Peter, Lauren", "Mercado, Noe B", "McMahan, Katherine", "Mahrokhian, Shant H", "Nkolola, Joseph P", "Liu, Jinyan", "Li, Zhenfeng", "Chandrashekar, Abishek", "Martinez, David R", "Loos, Carolin", "Atyeo, Caroline", "Fischinger, Stephanie", "Burke, John S", "Slein, Matthew D", "Chen, Yuezhou", "Zuiani, Adam", "N Lelis, Felipe J", "Travers, Meghan", "Habibi, Shaghayegh", "Pessaint, Laurent", "Van Ry, Alex", "Blade, Kelvin", "Brown, Renita", "Cook, Anthony", "Finneyfrock, Brad", "Dodson, Alan", "Teow, Elyse", "Velasco, Jason", "Zahn, Roland", "Wegmann, Frank", "Bondzie, Esther A", "Dagotto, Gabriel", "Gebre, Makda S", "He, Xuan", "Jacob-Dolan, Catherine", "Kirilova, Marinela", "Kordana, Nicole", "Lin, Zijin", "Maxfield, Lori F", "Nampanya, Felix", "Nityanandam, Ramya", "Ventura, John D", "Wan, Huahua", "Cai, Yongfei", "Chen, Bing", "Schmidt, Aaron G", "Wesemann, Duane R", "Baric, Ralph S", "Alter, Galit", "Andersen, Hanne", "Lewis, Mark G", "Barouch, Dan H"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434945", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has made the development of a vaccine a top biomedical priority. In this study, we developed a series of DNA vaccine candidates expressing different forms of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein and evaluated them in 35 rhesus macaques. Vaccinated animals developed humoral and cellular immune responses, including neutralizing antibody titers comparable to those found in convalescent humans and macaques infected with SARS-CoV-2. Following vaccination, all animals were challenged with SARS-CoV-2, and the vaccine encoding the full-length S protein resulted in >3.1 and >3.7 log10 reductions in median viral loads in bronchoalveolar lavage and nasal mucosa, respectively, as compared with sham controls. Vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibody titers correlated with protective efficacy, suggesting an immune correlate of protection. These data demonstrate vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in nonhuman primates."}, {"pmid": 32342869, "pmcid": "PMC7174972", "title": "Can we prevent COVID-19 from causing victims among uninfected cancer patients?", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Ramella, Sara", "Floreno, Barnaba", "D'Angelillo, Rolando Maria", "Campanozzi, Laura Leondina", "Tambone, Vittoradolfo"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342869", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414716, "title": "Drive-through testing in COVID-19: experience from NHS Lothian.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Hill, Katherine", "Campbell, Robyn", "Mutch, Callum", "Koch, Oliver", "Mackintosh, Claire"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414716", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The growing epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 challenges healthcare resources globally and mandates innovation. We describe our novel drive-through coronavirus testing which we used for testing of possible cases in the contain phase of UK response and are now using for healthcare worker testing. We found that this system was pragmatic, cost-efficient and favourable for patients. It is easily modifiable for use in future infectious disease outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32448715, "pmcid": "PMC7207104", "title": "COVID-19, Medical Education, and Bone Health: Insights From Project ECHO.", "journal": "J Clin Densitom", "authors": ["Lewiecki, E Michael", "Rothman, Micol S"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448715", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395765, "pmcid": "PMC7239208", "title": "A case of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy with COVID 19.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging", "authors": ["Nguyen, Damien", "Nguyen, Thomas", "De Bels, David", "Castro Rodriguez, Jose"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395765", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32207807, "title": "Preparation for Possible Sustained Transmission of 2019 Novel Coronavirus: Lessons From Previous Epidemics.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Swerdlow, David L", "Finelli, Lyn"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207807", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430156, "pmcid": "PMC7189188", "title": "COVID-19 in a pediatric heart transplant recipient: Emergence of donor-specific antibodies.", "journal": "J Heart Lung Transplant", "authors": ["Russell, Matthew R", "Halnon, Nancy J", "Alejos, Juan C", "Salem, Morris M", "Reardon, Leigh C"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430156", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505980, "title": "Relationship between COVID-19 and obesity.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Ekiz, Timur", "Pazarli, Ahmet Cemal"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505980", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "N/A."}, {"pmid": 32392647, "title": "Response to: Management of Traumatic Spinal Fracture in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Situation.", "journal": "Asian Spine J", "authors": ["Liawrungrueang, Wongthawat", "Sornsa-Ard, Tuanrit", "Niramitsantiphong, Anugoon"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392647", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321224, "title": "The coronavirus knows no borders.", "journal": "Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen", "authors": ["Hansen, Kari Schroder"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321224", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409826, "pmcid": "PMC7239217", "title": "Case fatality risk of the first pandemic wave of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Deng, Xiaowei", "Yang, Juan", "Wang, Wei", "Wang, Xiling", "Zhou, Jiaxin", "Chen, Zhiyuan", "Li, Jing", "Chen, Yinzi", "Yan, Han", "Zhang, Juanjuan", "Zhang, Yongli", "Wang, Yan", "Qiu, Qi", "Gong, Hui", "Wei, Xianglin", "Wang, Lili", "Sun, Kaiyuan", "Wu, Peng", "Ajelli, Marco", "Cowling, Benjamin J", "Viboud, Cecile", "Yu, Hongjie"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409826", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess the case fatality risk (CFR) of COVID-19 in mainland China, stratified by region and clinical category, and estimate key time-to-event intervals. We collected individual information and aggregated data on COVID-19 cases from publicly available official sources from December 29, 2019 to April 17, 2020. We accounted for right-censoring to estimate the CFR and explored the risk factors for mortality. We fitted Weibull, gamma, and lognormal distributions to time-to-event data using maximum-likelihood estimation. We analyzed 82,719 laboratory-confirmed cases reported in mainland China, including 4,632 deaths, and 77,029 discharges. The estimated CFR was 5.65% (95%CI: 5.50%-5.81%) nationally, with highest estimate in Wuhan (7.71%), and lowest in provinces outside Hubei (0.86%). The fatality risk among critical patients was 3.6 times that of all patients, and 0.8-10.3 fold higher than that of mild-to-severe patients. Older age (OR 1.14 per year; 95%CI: 1.11-1.16), and being male (OR 1.83; 95%CI: 1.10-3.04) were risk factors for mortality. The time from symptom onset to first healthcare consultation, time from symptom onset to laboratory confirmation, and time from symptom onset to hospitalization were consistently longer for deceased patients than for those who recovered. Our CFR estimates based on laboratory-confirmed cases ascertained in mainland China suggest that COVID-19 is more severe than the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic in hospitalized patients, particularly in Wuhan. Our study provides a comprehensive picture of the severity of the first wave of the pandemic in China. Our estimates can help inform models and the global response to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32202635, "pmcid": "PMC7184324", "title": "Covid-19: Protecting Worker Health.", "journal": "Ann Work Expo Health", "authors": ["Semple, Sean", "Cherrie, John W"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202635", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482787, "title": "Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and active tuberculosis co-infection in an Italian reference hospital.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Stochino, Claudia", "Villa, Simone", "Zucchi, Patrizia", "Parravicini, Pierpaolo", "Gori, Andrea", "Raviglione, Mario Carlo"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482787", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533860, "title": "Violence against women in Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Bellizzi, Saverio", "Nivoli, Alessandra", "Lorettu, Liliana", "Farina, Gabriele", "Ramses, Merette", "Rita Ronzoni, Anna"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533860", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The importance of bringing an end to all forms of violence against women and girls has been fully recognized as central to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), with particular emphasis on SDG 5 on gender equality and women's empowerment.[1] However, the extent of violence against women and girls across the world is alarming. One in three women around the world have experienced physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner or sexual violence by any perpetrator in their lifetime."}, {"pmid": 32448437, "pmcid": "PMC7242927", "title": "Drug allergy labeling and delabeling in the coronavirus disease 2019 era: What is important and what do we need to know.", "journal": "Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol", "authors": ["Castells, Mariana C"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448437", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446978, "pmcid": "PMC7242199", "title": "30-day mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the first wave of the Italian epidemic: A prospective cohort study.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Giacomelli, Andrea", "Ridolfo, Anna Lisa", "Milazzo, Laura", "Oreni, Letizia", "Bernacchia, Dario", "Siano, Matteo", "Bonazzetti, Cecilia", "Covizzi, Alice", "Schiuma, Marco", "Passerini, Matteo", "Piscaglia, Marco", "Coen, Massimo", "Gubertini, Guido", "Rizzardini, Giuliano", "Cogliati, Chiara", "Brambilla, Anna Maria", "Colombo, Riccardo", "Castelli, Antonio", "Rech, Roberto", "Riva, Agostino", "Torre, Alessandro", "Meroni, Luca", "Rusconi, Stefano", "Antinori, Spinello", "Galli, Massimo"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446978", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy was the first European country hit by the COVID-19 pandemic and has the highest number of recorded COVID-19 deaths in Europe. This prospective cohort study of the correlates of the risk of death in COVID-19 patients was conducted at the Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care units of Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy. The clinical characteristics of all the COVID-19 patients hospitalised in the early days of the epidemic (21 February -19 March 2020) were recorded upon admission, and the time-dependent probability of death was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method (censored as of 20 April 2020). Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the factors independently associated with the risk of death. Forty-eight (20.6 %) of the 233 patients followed up for a median of 40 days (interquartile range 33-47) died during the follow-up. Most were males (69.1 %) and their median age was 61 years (IQR 50-72). The time-dependent probability of death was 19.7 % (95 % CI 14.6-24.9 %) 30 days after hospital admission. Age (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.08, 95 % CI 1.48-2.92 per ten years more) and obesity (aHR 3.04, 95 % CI 1.42-6.49) were independently associated with an increased risk of death, which was also associated with critical disease (aHR 8.26, 95 % CI 1.41-48.29), C-reactive protein levels (aHR 1.17, 95 % CI 1.02-1.35 per 50\u2009mg/L more) and creatinine kinase levels above 185 U/L (aHR 2.58, 95 % CI 1.37-4.87) upon admission. Case-fatality rate of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the early days of the Italian epidemic was about 20 %. Our study adds evidence to the notion that older age, obesity and more advanced illness are factors associated to an increased risk of death among patients hospitalized with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32405105, "pmcid": "PMC7217650", "title": "Retinal findings in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Marinho, Paula M", "Marcos, Allexya A A", "Romano, Andre C", "Nascimento, Heloisa", "Belfort, Rubens Jr"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405105", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425244, "pmcid": "PMC7229764", "title": "Modeling the impact of mass influenza vaccination and public health interventions on COVID-19 epidemics with limited detection capability.", "journal": "Math Biosci", "authors": ["Li, Qian", "Tang, Biao", "Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi", "Xiao, Yanni", "Wu, Jianhong"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425244", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32370991, "pmcid": "PMC7188656", "title": "COVID-19 and ovarian cancer: Exploring alternatives to intravenous (IV) therapies.", "journal": "Gynecol Oncol", "authors": ["Monk, Bradley J", "Coleman, Robert L", "Moore, Kathleen N", "Herzog, Thomas J", "Secord, Angeles Alvarez", "Matulonis, Ursula A", "Slomovitz, Brian M", "Guntupalli, Saketh R", "O'Malley, David M"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370991", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234718, "title": "Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study.", "journal": "BMJ", "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234718", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282441, "pmcid": "PMC7197335", "title": "Perioperative Considerations in Urgent Surgical Care of Suspected and Confirmed COVID-19 Orthopaedic Patients: Operating Room Protocols and Recommendations in the Current COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Orthop Surg", "authors": ["Awad, Mohamed E", "Rumley, Jacob C L", "Vazquez, Jose A", "Devine, John G"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282441", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "By April 7, 2020, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was responsible for 1,383,436 confirmed cases of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), involving 209 countries around the world; 378,881 cases have been confirmed in the United States. During this pandemic, the urgent surgical requirements will not stop. As an example, the most recent Centers of Disease Control and Prevention reports estimate that there are 2.8 million trauma patients hospitalized in the United States. These data illustrate an increase in the likelihood of encountering urgent surgical patients with either clinically suspected or confirmed COVID-19 in the near future. Preparation for a pandemic involves considering the different levels in the hierarchy of controls and the different phases of the pandemic. Apart from the fact that this pandemic certainly involves many important health, economic, and community ramifications, it also requires several initiatives to mandate what measures are most appropriate to prepare for mitigating the occupational risks. This article provides evidence-based recommendations and measures for the appropriate personal protective equipment for different clinical and surgical activities in various settings. To reduce the occupational risk in treating suspected or confirmed COVID-19 urgent orthopaedic patients, recommended precautions and preventive actions (triage area, emergency department consultation room, induction room, operating room, and recovery room) are reviewed."}, {"pmid": 32184199, "pmcid": "PMC7124162", "title": "Working together to contain and manage COVID-19.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Laupacis, Andreas"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32184199", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352535, "pmcid": "PMC7197627", "title": "COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system: implications for risk assessment, diagnosis, and treatment options.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Res", "authors": ["Guzik, Tomasz J", "Mohiddin, Saidi A", "Dimarco, Anthony", "Patel, Vimal", "Savvatis, Kostas", "Marelli-Berg, Federica M", "Madhur, Meena S", "Tomaszewski, Maciej", "Maffia, Pasquale", "D'Acquisto, Fulvio", "Nicklin, Stuart A", "Marian, Ali J", "Nosalski, Ryszard", "Murray, Eleanor C", "Guzik, Bartlomiej", "Berry, Colin", "Touyz, Rhian M", "Kreutz, Reinhold", "Wang, Dao Wen", "Bhella, David", "Sagliocco, Orlando", "Crea, Filippo", "Thomson, Emma C", "McInnes, Iain B"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352535", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by SARS-CoV-2, represents the greatest medical challenge in decades. We provide a comprehensive review of the clinical course of COVID-19, its comorbidities, and mechanistic considerations for future therapies. While COVID-19 primarily affects the lungs, causing interstitial pneumonitis and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), it also affects multiple organs, particularly the cardiovascular system. Risk of severe infection and mortality increase with advancing age and male sex. Mortality is increased by comorbidities: cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, chronic pulmonary disease, and cancer. The most common complications include arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachyarrhythmia, and ventricular fibrillation), cardiac injury [elevated highly sensitive troponin I (hs-cTnI) and creatine kinase (CK) levels], fulminant myocarditis, heart failure, pulmonary embolism, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Mechanistically, SARS-CoV-2, following proteolytic cleavage of its S protein by a serine protease, binds to the transmembrane angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) -a homologue of ACE-to enter type 2 pneumocytes, macrophages, perivascular pericytes, and cardiomyocytes. This may lead to myocardial dysfunction and damage, endothelial dysfunction, microvascular dysfunction, plaque instability, and myocardial infarction (MI). While ACE2 is essential for viral invasion, there is no evidence that ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) worsen prognosis. Hence, patients should not discontinue their use. Moreover, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors might be beneficial in COVID-19. Initial immune and inflammatory responses induce a severe cytokine storm [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-7, IL-22, IL-17, etc.] during the rapid progression phase of COVID-19. Early evaluation and continued monitoring of cardiac damage (cTnI and NT-proBNP) and coagulation (D-dimer) after hospitalization may identify patients with cardiac injury and predict COVID-19 complications. Preventive measures (social distancing and social isolation) also increase cardiovascular risk. Cardiovascular considerations of therapies currently used, including remdesivir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab, ribavirin, interferons, and lopinavir/ritonavir, as well as experimental therapies, such as human recombinant ACE2 (rhACE2), are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32485251, "pmcid": "PMC7260514", "title": "A recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum strain expressing the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Int J Biol Macromol", "authors": ["Wang, Maopeng", "Fu, Tingting", "Hao, Jiayi", "Li, Letian", "Tian, Mingyao", "Jin, Ningyi", "Ren, Linzhu", "Li, Chang"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485251", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global pandemic in the past four months and causes respiratory disease in humans of almost all ages. Although several drugs have been announced to be partially effective treatments for this disease, no approved vaccine is available. Here, we described the construction of a recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum strain expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The results showed that the spike gene with optimized codons could be efficiently expressed on the surface of recombinant L. plantarum and exhibited high antigenicity. The highest protein yield was obtained under the following conditions: cells were induced with 50\u00a0ng/mL SppIP at 37\u00a0\u00b0C for 6-10\u00a0h. The recombinant spike (S) protein was stable under normal conditions and at 50\u00a0\u00b0C, pH\u00a0=\u00a01.5, or a high salt concentration. Recombinant L. plantarum may provide a promising food-grade oral vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32534327, "title": "Unusual simultaneous cerebral infarcts in multiple arterial territories in a COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Guillan, Marta", "Villacieros-Alvarez, Javier", "Bellido, Sara", "Perez-Jorge Peremarch, Concepcion", "Suarez-Vega, Victor M", "Aragones-Garcia, Maria", "Cabrera-Rojo, Celina", "Fernandez-Ferro, Jose"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534327", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405153, "pmcid": "PMC7218396", "title": "Psychotic experiences in student population during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Schizophr Res", "authors": ["Hajduk, Michal", "Dancik, Daniel", "Januska, Jakub", "Svetsky, Viktor", "Strakova, Alexandra", "Turcek, Michal", "Vaseckova, Barbora", "Forgacova, Lubica", "Heretik, Anton", "Pecenak, Jan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405153", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523073, "title": "Coronavirus R number hides raised risk for minority ethnic groups.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Uzoigwe, Chika"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523073", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387580, "pmcid": "PMC7199695", "title": "The Use of Positron Emission Tomography in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Cases.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Lee, Joseph C", "Blazak, John K"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387580", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277836, "title": "Benign COVID-19 in an immunocompromised cancer patient - the case of a married couple.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Spezzani, Valentina", "Piunno, Alessio", "Iselin, Hans-Ulrich"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277836", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Respiratory failure in COVID-19 is a common feature in fatal cases and has been considered as a failure of the immune system to control the virus. Here we report the case of COVID-19 affecting an immunocompromised women and her presumably immunocompetent spouse. A married couple (age 60 years) was simultaneously admitted to the emergency department on 10 March 2020 because of dyspnoea and fever, consistent with COVID-19. The wife (patient 1) was partially immunocompromised as a consequence of a recently started chemotherapy with fulvestrant and abemaciclid for recurring breast cancer, her husband (patient 2) had been healthy except for a history of controlled arterial hypertension. Both patients were treated with darunavir/cobicistat and hydroxychloroquine. The clinical course of the immunocompromised partner was benign, without need of intensive care. She was able to leave the hospital on day 6 after admission. In contrast, her husband needed intensive care and his recovery was slow, although eventually successful too. These findings suggest that the course of COVID-19 is not necessarily ominous in the presence of a compromised immune response and tend to reinforce the emerging therapeutic concepts of a controlled mitigation of the immune cascade following SARS CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32247821, "pmcid": "PMC7128271", "title": "3CL(pro) inhibitors as a potential therapeutic option for COVID-19: Available evidence and ongoing clinical trials.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Sisay, Mekonnen"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247821", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317204, "pmcid": "PMC7165114", "title": "iPad deployment for virtual evaluation in the emergency department during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Wittbold, Kelley A", "Baugh, Joshua J", "Yun, Brian J", "Raja, Ali S", "White, Benjamin A"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317204", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463367, "pmcid": "PMC7268668", "title": "Online Information Exchange and Anxiety Spread in the Early Stage of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak in South Korea: Structural Topic Model and Network Analysis.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Jo, Wonkwang", "Lee, Jaeho", "Park, Junli", "Kim, Yeol"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463367", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In case of a population-wide infectious disease outbreak, such as the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), people's online activities could significantly affect public concerns and health behaviors due to difficulty in accessing credible information from reliable sources, which in turn causes people to seek necessary information on the web. Therefore, measuring and analyzing online health communication and public sentiment is essential for establishing effective and efficient disease control policies, especially in the early stage of an outbreak. This study aimed to investigate the trends of online health communication, analyze the focus of people's anxiety in the early stages of COVID-19, and evaluate the appropriateness of online information. We collected 13,148 questions and 29,040 answers related to COVID-19 from Naver, the most popular Korean web portal (January 20, 2020, to March 2, 2020). Three main methods were used in this study: (1) the structural topic model was used to examine the topics in the online questions; (2) word network analysis was conducted to analyze the focus of people's anxiety and worry in the questions; and (3) two medical doctors assessed the appropriateness of the answers to the questions, which were primarily related to people's anxiety. A total of 50 topics and 6 cohesive topic communities were identified from the questions. Among them, topic community 4 (suspecting COVID-19 infection after developing a particular symptom) accounted for the largest portion of the questions. As the number of confirmed patients increased, the proportion of topics belonging to topic community 4 also increased. Additionally, the prolonged situation led to a slight increase in the proportion of topics related to job issues. People's anxieties and worries were closely related with physical symptoms and self-protection methods. Although relatively appropriate to suspect physical symptoms, a high proportion of answers related to self-protection methods were assessed as misinformation or advertisements. Search activity for online information regarding the COVID-19 outbreak has been active. Many of the online questions were related to people's anxieties and worries. A considerable portion of corresponding answers had false information or were advertisements. The study results could contribute reference information to various countries that need to monitor public anxiety and provide appropriate information in the early stage of an infectious disease outbreak, including COVID-19. Our research also contributes to developing methods for measuring public opinion and sentiment in an epidemic situation based on natural language data on the internet."}, {"pmid": 32149485, "title": "[Clinical features of respiratory coronavirus infections and relationship to otolaryngology].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Dai, M D", "Cheng, L"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32149485", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501751, "title": "EXPRESS: Brain ischemic and hemorrhagic complications of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Stroke", "authors": ["Sweid, Ahmad", "Hammoud, Batoul", "Bekelis, Kimon", "Missios, Symeon", "Tjoumakaris, Stavropoula I", "Gooch, Michael Reid", "Herial, Nabeel A", "Zarzour, Hekmat", "Romo, Victor", "DePrince, Maureen", "Rosenwasser, Robert H", "Jabbour, Pascal"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501751", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505878, "title": "Patients with COVID-19 and neurological manifestations show undetectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in the cerebrospinal fluid.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Espindola, Otavio de Melo", "Siqueira, Marilda", "Soares, Cristiane Nascimento", "Lima, Marco Antonio Sales Dantas de", "Leite, Ana Claudia Celestino Bezerra", "Araujo, Abelardo Queiroz Campos", "Brandao, Carlos Otavio", "Silva, Marcus Tulius Teixeira"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505878", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report that patients with COVID-19 displaying distinct neurological disorders have undetectable or extremely low levels of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the cerebrospinal fluid, indicating that viral clearance precede the neurological involvement. This finding points to the need for the development of more sensitive molecular tests and the investigation of other neurotropic pathogens to exclude concurrent neuroinfection."}, {"pmid": 32487491, "pmcid": "PMC7205689", "title": "Adolescents' Motivations to Engage in Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Associations With Mental and Social Health.", "journal": "J Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Oosterhoff, Benjamin", "Palmer, Cara A", "Wilson, Jenna", "Shook, Natalie"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487491", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Reducing the spread of infection during the COVID-19 pandemic prompted recommendations for individuals to socially distance. Little is known about the extent to which youth are socially distancing, what motivations underlie their social distancing, and how these motivations are connected with amount of social distancing, mental health, and social health. Using a large sample of adolescents from across the United States, this study examined adolescents' motivations for social distancing, their engagement in social distancing, and their mental and social health. Data were collected on March 29th and 30th, 2020, two weeks after COVID-19 was declared a national emergency in the United States. The sample consisted of 683 adolescents recruited using social media. A series of multiple linear regressions examined unique associations among adolescents' motivations to engage in social distancing, perceived amount of social distancing, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, burdensomeness, and belongingness. Almost all respondents (98.1%) reported engaging in at least a little social distancing. The most commonly reported motivations for social distancing concerned social responsibility and not wanting others to get sick. Motivations concerning state or city lockdowns, parental rules, and social responsibility were associated with greater social distancing, whereas motivations concerning no alternatives were associated with less social distancing. Specific motivations for social distancing were differentially associated with adolescents' anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, burdensomeness, and belongingness. Understanding adolescents' motivations to engage in social distancing may inform strategies to increase social distancing engagement, reduce pathogen transmission, and identify individual differences in mental and social health during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32189460, "pmcid": "PMC7228356", "title": "There may be virus in conjunctival secretion of patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Liang, Liang", "Wu, Ping"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32189460", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529595, "pmcid": "PMC7287410", "title": "Post-COVID-19 global health strategies: the need for an interdisciplinary approach.", "journal": "Aging Clin Exp Res", "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529595", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "For survivors of severe COVID-19 disease, having defeated the virus is just the beginning of an uncharted recovery path. What follows after the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection depends on the extension and severity of viral attacks in different cell types and organs. Despite the ridiculously large number of papers that have flooded scientific journals and preprint-hosting websites, a clear clinical picture of COVID-19 aftermath is vague at best. Without larger prospective observational studies that are only now being started, clinicians can retrieve information just from case reports and or small studies. This is the time to understand how COVID-19 goes forward and what consequences survivors may expect to experience. To this aim, a multidisciplinary post-acute care service involving several specialists has been established at the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS (Rome, Italy). Although COVID-19 is an infectious disease primarily affecting the lung, its multi-organ involvement requires an interdisciplinary approach encompassing virtually all branches of internal medicine and geriatrics. In particular, during the post-acute phase, the geriatrician may serve as the case manager of a multidisciplinary team. The aim of this article is to describe the importance of the interdisciplinary approach--coordinated by geriatrician--to cope the potential post-acute care needs of recovered COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32487513, "pmcid": "PMC7258803", "title": "Convalescent (immune) plasma treatment in a myelodysplastic COVID-19 patient with disseminated tuberculosis.", "journal": "Transfus Apher Sci", "authors": ["Cinar, Olgu Erkin", "Sayinalp, Basak", "Aladag Karakulak, Elifcan", "Avsar Karatas, Ayse", "Velet, Mustafa", "Inkaya, Ahmet Cagkan", "Ersoy Ortac, Nazmiye Ebru", "Ocal, Serpil", "Aksu, Salih", "Haznedaroglu, Ibrahim Celalettin", "Sayinalp, Nilgun", "Ozcebe, Osman Ilhami"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487513", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus of which evidence-based medical paradigms cannot be easily applied; difficult clinical decisions shall be required particularly in the 'difficult-to-treat' cases of high risk group with associated comorbidities. Convalescent immune plasma therapy is a promising option as a sort of 'rescue' treatment in COVID-19 immune syndrome, where miraculous antiviral drugs are not available yet. In this report, we aim to convey our experience of multi-task treatment approach with convalescent immune plasma and anti-cytokine drug combination in a COVID-19 patient with extremely challenging comorbidities including active myeloid malignancy, disseminated tuberculosis and kidney failure."}, {"pmid": 32513202, "title": "From COVID-19 research to vaccine application: why might it take 17 months not 17 years and what are the wider lessons?", "journal": "Health Res Policy Syst", "authors": ["Hanney, Stephen R", "Wooding, Steven", "Sussex, Jon", "Grant, Jonathan"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513202", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It is often said that it takes 17\u2009years to move medical research from bench to bedside. In a coronavirus disease (COVID-19) world, such time-lags feel intolerable. In these extraordinary circumstances could years be made into months? If so, could those lessons be used to accelerate medical research when the crisis eases?To measure time-lags in health and biomedical research as well as to identify ways of reducing them, we developed and published (in 2015) a matrix consisting of overlapping tracks (or stages/phases) in the translation from discovery research to developed products, policies and practice. The matrix aids analysis by highlighting the time and actions required to develop research (and its translation) both (1) along each track and (2) from one track to another, e.g. from the discovery track to the research-in-humans track. We noted four main approaches to reducing time-lags, namely increasing resources, working in parallel, starting or working at risk, and improving processes.Examining these approaches alongside the matrix helps interpret the enormous global effort to develop a vaccine for the 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. Rapid progress in the discovery/basic and human research tracks is being made through a combination of large-scale funding, work being conducted in parallel (between different teams globally and through working in overlapping tracks), working at greater (but proportionate) risk to safety than usual, and adopting various new processes. The overlapping work of some of the teams involves continuing animal research whilst entering vaccine candidates into Phase I trials alongside planning their Phase II trials. The additional funding available helps to reduce some of the usual financial risks in moving so quickly. Going forward through the increasingly large human trials for safety, dosage and efficacy, it will be vital to overlap work in parallel in the often challenging public policy and clinical tracks. Thus, regulatory and reimbursement bodies are beginning and preparing rapid action to pull vaccines proving to be safe and effective through to extraordinarily rapid application to the general population. Monitoring the development of a COVID-19 vaccine using the matrix (modified as necessary) could help identify which of the approaches speeding development and deployment could be usefully applied more widely in the future."}, {"pmid": 32418622, "pmcid": "PMC7211746", "title": "Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19: World Health Organization Definitions and Coding to Support the Allergy Community and Health Professionals.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Tanno, Luciana K", "Casale, Thomas", "Demoly, Pascal"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418622", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528760, "pmcid": "PMC7282369", "title": "Cardiac Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Comprehensive Review.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Tahir, Faryal", "Bin Arif, Taha", "Ahmed, Jawad", "Malik, Farheen", "Khalid, Muhammad"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528760", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since its origin in China, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has become a pandemic and spread to 209 countries. As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a very rapidly emerging disease, organ-specific studies related to it have been reported. Apart from respiratory findings, some studies have highlighted inflammatory consequences in the heart, kidney, and/or liver as well. Cardiac involvement in COVID-19 seems to be a result of an inflammatory storm in response to the infection. Moreover, direct viral invasion of cardiomyocytes, as well as a myocardial injury due to oxidative stress, may account for acute cardiac injury in COVID-19. Nevertheless, the mechanism of heart injury in COVID-19 is not clear yet. However, multiple studies\u00a0that highlight the\u00a0clinical features, laboratory findings, and prognosis of acute myocardial injury (AMI) in COVID-19-affected individuals have been published. In this review, we have summarized the findings of all those studies as well as the clinical features and management of cardiac injury discussed by some case reports."}, {"pmid": 32385664, "pmcid": "PMC7209764", "title": "COVID-19 Digestive Symptoms Mimicking Internal Hernia Presentation After Roux-en-Y-Gastric Bypass; Comment on \"Internal Hernia in the Times of COVID-19: to Laparoscope or Not to Laparoscope?\"", "journal": "Obes Surg", "authors": ["Betton, Louis", "Benchetrit, Deborah", "Aron-Wisnewsky, Judith", "Oppert, Jean-Michel", "Torcivia, Adriana", "Vaillant, Jean-Christophe", "Genser, Laurent"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385664", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334410, "pmcid": "PMC7162754", "title": "Response to: Rethinking online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Malathesh, Barikar C", "Gowda, Guru S", "Kumar, Channaveerachari Naveen", "Narayana, Manjunatha", "Math, Suresh Bada"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334410", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433345, "title": "The pharmacological development of direct acting agents for emerging needed therapy against SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Wang, Sheng-Fan", "Chen, Kuan-Hsuan", "Wang, Szu-Yu", "Yarmishyn, Aliaksandr A", "Lai, Wei-Yi", "Lin, Yi-Ying", "Wang, Mong-Lien", "Chou, Shih-Jie", "Yang, Yi-Ping", "Chang, Yuh-Lih"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433345", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, the SARS-CoV-2 was quickly identified as the causal pathogen leading to the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome-like illness all over the world. As the SARS-CoV-2 infection pandemic proceeds, many efforts are being dedicated to the development of diverse treatment strategies. Increasing evidence showed potential therapeutic agents directly acting against SARS-CoV-2 virus, such as interferon, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, viral entry blockers, neuraminidase inhibitor, vaccine, antibody agent targeting the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome, natural killer cells and nucleocytoplasmic trafficking inhibitor. To date, several direct anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents have demonstrated promising in vitro and clinical efficacy. This article reviews the current and future development of direct acting agents against SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32450712, "pmcid": "PMC7251623", "title": "A Statistical Modeling of the Course of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Outbreak: A Comparative Analysis.", "journal": "Asia Pac J Public Health", "authors": ["Ankarali, Handan", "Ankaralli, Seyit", "Caskurlu, Hulya", "Cag, Yasemin", "Arslan, Ferhat", "Erdem, Hakan", "Vahaboglu, Haluk"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450712", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Turkey", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aims to provide both a model by using cumulative cases and cumulative death toll for SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) outbreak in 4 countries, China, Italy, South Korea, and Turkey, starting from the first diagnosis and to compare associated indicators. The most successful estimation was obtained from the cubic model with natural logarithm for China, Italy, South Korea, and Turkey. The success of the models was around 99%. However, differences began to emerge in China, Italy, and South Korea after the second week. Although the highest number of new cases per 1 million people in China was 9.8 on February 28, 2020; it was 108.4 on March 21, 2020, in Italy; and this was 16.6 on March 5, 2020, in South Korea. On the other hand, the number of new cases was 24.6 per 1 million people on March 27, 2020, in Turkey. The log-cubic model proposed in this study has been set forth to obtain successful results for aforementioned countries, as well as to estimate the course of the COVID-19 outbreak. Other factors such as climacteric factors and genetic differences, which may have an impact on viral spreading and transmission, would also have strengthened the model prediction capacity."}, {"pmid": 32517520, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: Everything Old Is New Again in Public Health Education.", "journal": "Health Educ Behav", "authors": ["Ramirez-Valles, Jesus", "Breton, Eric", "Chae, David H", "Haardorfer, Regine", "Kuhns, Lisa M"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517520", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391243, "pmcid": "PMC7206437", "title": "The first case of COVID-19 occurring as community-acquired pneumonia in Hokkaido, Japan and our preventive measures against nosocomial infection.", "journal": "Respir Med Case Rep", "authors": ["Yokoo, Keiki", "Sugaya, Fumiko", "Matsuzaka, Suguru", "Ueda, Kentaro", "Kamimura, Ryosuke", "Yokoyama, Takeshi", "Ambo, Yoshiyasu", "Yamada, Gen", "Narita, Yoshiaki"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391243", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a case of a 59-year-old man with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). He had visited a hospital for fever and cough and been treated with antibiotics for pneumonia in the right upper lobe. However, he gradually progressed to dyspnea and consulted our hospital. His chest radiographs showed bilateral pneumonia shadows and his CT showed ground glass opacities and consolidation. Although we treated him with broad-spectrum antibiotics, the pneumonia shadow rapidly progressed and mechanical ventilation was administered. We collected sputum from the bronchus using bronchoscopy to detect microorganisms, and RT-PCR tests confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia. He was transferred to a designated hospital. In order to prevent the occurrence of nosocomial infections, close contacts within the hospital and medical staff were suspended from their work for two weeks. No secondary infection with COVID-19 appeared. This was the first case of COVID-19 occurring as community-acquired pneumonia in Hokkaido, Japan."}, {"pmid": 32134278, "title": "Perspectives on monoclonal antibody therapy as potential therapeutic intervention for Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol", "authors": ["Shanmugaraj, Balamurugan", "Siriwattananon, Konlavat", "Wangkanont, Kittikhun", "Phoolcharoen, Waranyoo"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32134278", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Last decade witnessed the outbreak of many life-threatening human pathogens including Nipah, Ebola, Chikungunya, Zika, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), Severe Acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and more recently novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV or SARS-CoV-2). The disease condition associated with novel coronavirus, referred to as Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The emergence of novel coronavirus in 2019 in Wuhan, China marked the third highly pathogenic coronavirus infecting humans in the 21st century. The continuing emergence of coronaviruses at regular intervals poses a significant threat to human health and economy. Ironically, even after a decade of research on coronavirus, still there are no licensed vaccines or therapeutic agents to treat coronavirus infection which highlights an urgent need to develop effective vaccines or post-exposure prophylaxis to prevent future epidemics. Several clinical, genetic and epidemiological features of COVID-19 resemble SARS-CoV infection. Hence, the research advancements on SARS-CoV treatment might help scientific community in quick understanding of this virus pathogenesis and develop effective therapeutic/prophylactic agents to treat and prevent this infection. Monoclonal antibodies represent the major class of biotherapeutics for passive immunotherapy to fight against viral infection. The therapeutic potential of monoclonal antibodies has been well recognized in the treatment of many diseases. Here, we summarize the potential monoclonal antibody based therapeutic intervention for COVID-19 by considering the existing knowledge on the neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against similar coronaviruses SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Further research on COVID-19 pathogenesis could identify appropriate therapeutic targets to develop specific anti-virals against this newly emerging pathogen."}, {"pmid": 32275261, "title": "COVID-19: Hygiene and Public Health to the front.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Signorelli, Carlo", "Fara, Gaetano Maria"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275261", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Public Health professionals and academics have been on the frontline of Italian history during the COVID-19 response like they never did before. Ancient professors of Hygiene such as Celli, Pagliani, Sclavo, Petragnani, Seppilli and Giovanardi flanked politicians in other critical moments. They helped them to manage healthcare reforms, earthquakes response, Seveso Dioxin disaster, cholera and poliomielitis epidemics and other health threats. \u00a0 The ongoing COVID-19 epidemic has highlighted the paramount importance of the practical application of basic concepts of public health, which were considered so far became obsolete, such as personal hygiene, quarantine, individual protective devices or basic epidemiological measures. Hygiene and Public Health used to have a targeted audience in professionals and lecturers. Nowadays, these topics are critical and of concern of a much larger audience. Public Health women and men are now asked to act in task forces, media broadcasts, webinars and consulting activities. \u00a0 In phase 2 of this epidemic - which is about to begin when this volume is to be published - the role of Public Health professionals could become even more relevant. However, this unexpected season must be managed with seriousness and intelligence, capitalizing it also for the future. If our Post-Graduate Schools of Public Health (\"Igiene e Medicina Preventiva\"), our scientific associations, our academic lecturers and our officers do not prove to be up to the situation, a dull future for the discipline might very well be. On the contrary, if as we all hope, we will be able to ride the wave of a dramatic health crisis, transforming it into a relevant scientific and professional opportunity, then we will be able to build on the post-COVID-19 a cutting-edge, a more attractive, relevant and modern discipline. This Supplement of Acta Biomedica, planned before the onset of the epidemic emergency in Italy, but already successful in presenting two papers on COVID-19, is further proof of how current and lively our discipline is."}, {"pmid": 32378471, "title": "Animal models for emerging coronavirus: progress and new insights.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Yuan, Lunzhi", "Tang, Qiyi", "Cheng, Tong", "Xia, Ningshao"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378471", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergences of coronaviruses have caused a serious global public health problem because their infection in humans caused the severe acute respiratory disease and deaths. The outbreaks of lethal coronaviruses have taken place for three times within recent two decades (SARS-CoV in 2002, MERS-CoV in 2012 and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019). Much more serious than SARS-CoV in 2002, the current SARS-CoV-2 infection has been spreading to more than 213 countries, areas or territories and causing more than two million cases up to date (17 April 2020). Unfortunately, no vaccine and specific anti-coronavirus drugs are available at present time. Current clinical treatment at hand is inadequate to suppress viral replication and inflammation, and reverse organ failure. Intensive research efforts have focused on increasing our understanding of viral biology of SARS-CoV-2, improving antiviral therapy and vaccination strategies. The animal models are important for both the fundamental research and drug discovery of coronavirus. This review aims to summarize the animal models currently available for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and their potential use for the study of SARS-CoV-2. We will discuss the benefits and caveats of these animal models and present critical findings that might guide the fundamental studies and urgent treatment of SARS-CoV-2-caused diseases."}, {"pmid": 32277773, "pmcid": "PMC7262298", "title": "An Emergency Amendment to the National Scope of Practice for Paramedics in the Setting of a Global Pandemic.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Boehronger, Brad", "O'Meara, Peter", "Wingrove, Gary", "Nudell, Nikiah G"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277773", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408068, "pmcid": "PMC7204740", "title": "What about the original antigenic sin of the humans versus SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Roncati, Luca", "Palmieri, Beniamino"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408068", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381385, "pmcid": "PMC7136888", "title": "Caring for Children and Adolescents With Eating Disorders in the Current Coronavirus 19 Pandemic: A Singapore Perspective.", "journal": "J Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Davis, Courtney", "Ng, Kee Chong", "Oh, Jean Yin", "Baeg, Amerie", "Rajasegaran, Kumudhini", "Chew, Chu Shan Elaine"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381385", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Our public pediatric tertiary hospital in Singapore has been a part of a robust public health response to coronavirus 19 that has been calibrated in a timely manner to the evolving international situation. As of mid-March, Singapore remains in a containment mode with enhanced surveillance and limited community spread. Within this context, our service for pediatric eating disorder care has had to make significant adaptations to our models of service delivery as well as respond to the changing psychosocial needs of our patients. Given infection control requirements, we have instituted modular staffing for our inpatient and outpatient settings, necessitating task shifting and an increased use of technology for communication. Because of the reduced outpatient capacity and the need to minimize nonurgent trips to the hospital, we have implemented telemedicine and have leveraged on partnerships with school counselors and other community partners. \"Coronaphobia\" has influenced our patients' willingness to attend visits and worsened existing health anxiety for some. Responsiveness to families' and patients' health and financial concerns has been essential. As coronavirus 19 impacts more countries, our institution's experience can provide insight into challenges and possible adaptations to providing ongoing care for eating disorder patients in this environment."}, {"pmid": 32469464, "title": "Newly diagnosed diabetes is associated with a higher risk of mortality than known diabetes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Diabetes Obes Metab", "authors": ["Li, Huiqing", "Tian, Shenghua", "Chen, Ting", "Cui, Zhenhai", "Shi, Ningjie", "Zhong, Xueyu", "Qiu, Kangli", "Zhang, Jiaoyue", "Zeng, Tianshu", "Chen, Lulu", "Zheng, Juan"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469464", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No studies evaluated the prospective association between hyperglycemia assessed by laboratory measurements and the risk of mortality among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to evaluate the association between different degrees of hyperglycemia and the risk of all-cause mortality among hospitalized patients with COVID-19. A retrospective study. Union Hospital in Wuhan, China. 453 patients were admitted to the hospital with laboratory-confirmed SARS-Cov-2 infection from January 22, 2020 to March 17, 2020. Patients were classified into four categories: normal glucose, hyperglycemia (fasting glucose 5.6-6.9 mmol/L and/or HbA1c 5.7-6.4%), newly diagnosed diabetes (fasting glucose \u22657 mmol/L and/or HbA1c \u22656.5%), and known diabetes. The major outcomes included in-hospital mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Patients with newly diagnosed diabetes had the highest percentage to be admitted to the ICU (11.7%) and require IMV (11.7%), followed by patients with known diabetes (4.1%; 9.2%) and patients with hyperglycemia (6.2%; 4.7%), compared with patients with normal glucose (1.5%; 2.3%), respectively. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of mortality among COVID-19 patients with normal glucose, hyperglycemia, newly diagnosed diabetes, and known diabetes were 1.00, 3.29 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65-16.6), 9.42 (95% CI 2.18-40.7), and 4.63 (95% CI 1.02-21.0), respectively. We firstly showed that COVID-19 patients with newly diagnosed diabetes had the highest risk of all-cause mortality compared with COVID-19 patients with known diabetes, hyperglycemia and normal glucose. Patients with COVID-19 need to be under surveillance for blood glucose screening. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32362027, "pmcid": "PMC7267332", "title": "Suicide in the Time of COVID-19: A Perfect Storm.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Brown, Sabrina", "Schuman, Donna L"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362027", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444371, "title": "COVID-19 and pulmonary embolism: diagnostic imaging trends.", "journal": "J Nucl Med", "authors": ["Karimzadeh, Sedighe", "Raut, Akshay", "Nguyen Tien, Huy"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444371", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406140, "pmcid": "PMC7272971", "title": "The ocular surface, coronaviruses and COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Exp Optom", "authors": ["Willcox, Mark Dp", "Walsh, Karen", "Nichols, Jason J", "Morgan, Philip B", "Jones, Lyndon W"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406140", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ocular surface has been suggested as a site of infection with Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). This review examines the evidence for this hypothesis, and its implications for clinical practice. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, is transmitted by person-to-person contact, via airborne droplets, or through contact with contaminated surfaces. SARS-CoV-2 binds to angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) to facilitate infection in humans. This review sets out to evaluate evidence for the ocular surface as a route of infection. A literature search in this area was conducted on 15 April 2020 using the Scopus database. In total, 287 results were returned and reviewed. There is preliminary evidence for ACE2 expression on corneal and conjunctival cells, but most of the other receptors to which coronaviruses bind appear to be found under epithelia of the ocular surface. Evidence from animal studies is limited, with a single study suggesting viral particles on the eye can travel to the lung, resulting in very mild infection. Coronavirus infection is rarely associated with conjunctivitis, with occasional cases reported in patients with confirmed COVID-19, along with isolated cases of conjunctivitis as a presenting sign. Coronaviruses have been rarely isolated from tears or conjunctival swabs. The evidence suggests coronaviruses are unlikely to bind to ocular surface cells to initiate infection. Additionally, hypotheses that the virus could travel from the nasopharynx or through the conjunctival capillaries to the ocular surface during infection are probably incorrect. Conjunctivitis and isolation of the virus from the ocular surface occur only rarely, and overwhelmingly in patients with confirmed COVID-19. Necessary precautions to prevent person-to-person transmission should be employed in clinical practice throughout the pandemic, and patients should be reminded to maintain good hygiene practices."}, {"pmid": 32430783, "pmcid": "PMC7235540", "title": "Usefulness of an Online Preliminary Questionnaire under the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Med Syst", "authors": ["Hur, Jian", "Chang, Min Cheol"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430783", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325025, "pmcid": "PMC7175868", "title": "COVID-19: A New Virus, but a Familiar Receptor and Cytokine Release Syndrome.", "journal": "Immunity", "authors": ["Hirano, Toshio", "Murakami, Masaaki"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325025", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Zhou et\u00a0al. (Nature) and Hoffmann et\u00a0al. (Cell) identify ACE2 as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor, and the latter\u00a0show its entry mechanism depends on cellular serine protease TMPRSS2. These results may explain proinflammatory cytokine release via the associated angiotestin II pathway and a possible therapeutic target via the IL-6-STAT3 axis."}, {"pmid": 32517519, "title": "Seizing the Moment: Policy Advocacy to End Mass Incarceration in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Health Educ Behav", "authors": ["Minkler, Meredith", "Griffin, Joseph", "Wakimoto, Patricia"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517519", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The mass human and economic casualties wrought by the COVID-19 pandemic laid bare the deep inequities at the base of the disproportionate losses and suffering experienced by diverse U.S. populations. But the urgency and enormity of unmet needs requiring bold policy action also provided a unique opportunity to learn from and partner with community-based organizations that often are at the frontlines of such work. Following a review of Kingdon's model of the policy-making process, we illustrate how a partnership in a large California county navigated the streams in the policy-making process and used the window of opportunity provided by the pandemic to address a major public health problem: the incarceration of over 2 million people, disproportionately African American and Latinx, in overcrowded, unsafe jails, prisons, and detention centers. We highlight tactics and strategies used, challenges faced, and implications for health educators as policy advocates during and beyond the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32229706, "pmcid": "PMC7202514", "title": "COVID-19 and chronological aging: senolytics and other anti-aging drugs for the treatment or prevention of corona virus infection?", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Sargiacomo, Camillo", "Sotgia, Federica", "Lisanti, Michael P"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229706", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, also known as SARS-CoV-2, is a new emerging zoonotic corona virus of the SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and the MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) family. COVID-19 originated in China and spread world-wide, resulting in the pandemic of 2020. For some reason, COVID-19 shows a considerably higher mortality rate in patients with advanced chronological age. This begs the question as to whether there is a functional association between COVID-19 infection and the process of chronological aging. Two host receptors have been proposed for COVID-19. One is CD26 and the other is ACE-2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2). Interestingly, both CD26 and the angiotensin system show associations with senescence. Similarly, two proposed therapeutics for the treatment of COVID-19 infection are Azithromycin and Quercetin, both drugs with significant senolytic activity. Also, Chloroquine-related compounds inhibit the induction of the well-known senescence marker, Beta-galactosidase. Other anti-aging drugs should also be considered, such as Rapamycin and Doxycycline, as they behave as inhibitors of protein synthesis, blocking both SASP and viral replication. Therefore, we wish to speculate that the fight against COVID-19 disease should involve testing the hypothesis that senolytics and other anti-aging drugs may have a prominent role in preventing the transmission of the virus, as well as aid in its treatment. Thus, we propose that new clinical trials may be warranted, as several senolytic and anti-aging therapeutics are existing FDA-approved drugs, with excellent safety profiles, and would be readily available for drug repurposing efforts. As Azithromycin and Doxycycline are both commonly used antibiotics that inhibit viral replication and IL-6 production, we may want to consider this general class of antibiotics that functionally inhibits cellular protein synthesis as a side-effect, for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 disease."}, {"pmid": 32311820, "pmcid": "PMC7264569", "title": "Strategies for patient with cancer during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Asia Pac J Clin Oncol", "authors": ["Zhao, Zhenzhen", "Yang, Chao", "Li, Changchun"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311820", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330492, "pmcid": "PMC7172844", "title": "Applications of 3D Printing Technology to Address COVID-19-Related Supply Shortages.", "journal": "Am J Med", "authors": ["Ishack, Stephanie", "Lipner, Shari R"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330492", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496578, "title": "Chilblains-like dermatologic manifestation of COVID-19 diagnosed by serology via multidisciplinary virtual care.", "journal": "Int J Dermatol", "authors": ["Kerber, Alyssa A", "Soma, David B", "Youssef, Molly J"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496578", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501339, "pmcid": "PMC7255309", "title": "Senegal to trial $1 speedy test for covid-19.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Yeung, Peter"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501339", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227214, "pmcid": "PMC7184352", "title": "Older people and epidemics: a call for empathy.", "journal": "Age Ageing", "authors": ["Doraiswamy, Sathyanarayanan", "Cheema, Sohaila", "Mamtani, Ravinder"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227214", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311107, "pmcid": "PMC7264588", "title": "Causes of hypogeusia/hyposmia in SARS-CoV2 infected patients.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Finsterer, Josef", "Stollberger, Claudia"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311107", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32272085, "pmcid": "PMC7270502", "title": "Economic sanctions and Iran's capacity to respond to COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Murphy, Adrianna", "Abdi, Zhaleh", "Harirchi, Iraj", "McKee, Martin", "Ahmadnezhad, Elham"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272085", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410416, "pmcid": "PMC7231620", "title": "Rapidly Progressive COVID-19 Pneumonia: What Radiologists Should Do.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Chae, Kum Ju", "Jin, Gong Yong"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410416", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242890, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection and Renin Angiotensin System Blockers.", "journal": "JAMA Cardiol", "authors": ["Bavishi, Chirag", "Maddox, Thomas M", "Messerli, Franz H"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242890", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507122, "title": "Feedback to Prepare EMS Teams to Manage Infected Patients with COVID-19: A Case Series.", "journal": "Prehosp Disaster Med", "authors": ["Ghazali, Daniel Aiham", "Ouersighni, Amina", "Gay, Matthieu", "Audebault, Virginie", "Pavlovsky, Thomas", "Casalino, Enrique"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507122", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), a new respiratory disease, is spreading globally. In France, Emergency Medical Service (EMS) teams are mobile medicalized resuscitation teams composed of emergency physician, nurse or anesthesiologist nurse, ambulance driver, and resident. Four types of clinical cases are presented here because they have led these EMS teams to change practices in their management of patients suspected of COVID-19 infection: cardiac arrest, hypoxia on an acute pneumonia, acute chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation with respiratory and hemodynamic disorders, and upper function disorders in a patient in a long-term care facility. The last case raised the question of COVID-19 cases with atypical forms in elderly subjects. Providers were contaminated during the management of these patients. These cases highlighted the need to review the way these EMS teams are responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, in view of heightening potential for early identification of suspicious cases, and of reinforcing the application of staff protection equipment to limit risk of contamination."}, {"pmid": 32435822, "pmcid": "PMC7237613", "title": "Incidence of pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Rech, Tatiana Helena", "Girardi, Adriana Muradas", "Gazzana, Marcelo Basso"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435822", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511881, "title": "Pediatric coronavirus disease-2019: How to assess chest disease?", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["Corcione, Adele", "Annunziata, Federica", "Borrelli, Melissa", "Santamaria, Francesca"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511881", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493828, "title": "Prevalence, risk factors and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with a history of pancreatitis in Northern California.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Gubatan, John", "Levitte, Steven", "Patel, Akshar", "Balabanis, Tatiana", "Sharma, Arpita", "Jones, Elaina", "Lee, Bomi", "Manohar, Murli", "Swaminathan, Gayathri", "Park, Walter", "Habtezion, Aida"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493828", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363615, "pmcid": "PMC7267521", "title": "COVID-19 risk triage: Engaging residents in telephonic screening.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Casas, Rachel S", "Cooper, Jennifer L", "Hempel, Eliana V"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363615", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32184489, "title": "A year without conferences? How the coronavirus pandemic could change research.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Viglione, Giuliana"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32184489", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417018, "pmcid": "PMC7200375", "title": "A perspective from a NYC chief oral and maxillofacial surgery resident during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Saggese, N P", "Cardo, V A"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417018", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371138, "pmcid": "PMC7194068", "title": "Chiral switches of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine: potential drugs to treat COVID-19.", "journal": "Drug Discov Today", "authors": ["D'Acquarica, Ilaria", "Agranat, Israel"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371138", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325027, "pmcid": "PMC7172826", "title": "Universal weekly testing as the UK COVID-19 lockdown exit strategy.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Peto, Julian", "Alwan, Nisreen A", "Godfrey, Keith M", "Burgess, Rochelle A", "Hunter, David J", "Riboli, Elio", "Romer, Paul"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325027", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459524, "title": "Obesity and COVID-19: Immune and metabolic derangement as a possible link to adverse clinical outcomes.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Korakas, Emmanouil", "Ikonomidis, Ignatios", "Kousathana, Foteini", "Balampanis, Konstantinos", "Kountouri, Aikaterini", "Raptis, Athanasios", "Palaiodimou, Lina", "Kokkinos, Alexander", "Lambadiari, Vaia"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459524", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent reports have shown a strong association between obesity and the severity of COVID-19 infection, even in the absence of other co-morbidities. After infecting the host cells, SARS-CoV-2 may cause a hyper-inflammatory reaction through the excessive release of cytokines, a condition known as \"cytokine storm\", while inducing lymphopenia and a disrupted immune response. Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and immune dysregulation, but the exact mechanisms through which it exacerbates COVID-19 infection are not fully clarified. The production of increased amounts of cytokines such as TNF-\u03b1, IL-1, IL-6 and MCP-1 lead to oxidative stress and defective function of innate and adaptive immunity, while the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome seems to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the infection. Endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness could favor the recently discovered infection of the endothelium by SARS-CoV-2, while alterations in cardiac structure and function and the pro-thrombotic microenvironment in obesity could provide a link for the increased cardiovascular events in these patients. The successful use of anti-inflammatory agents such as IL-1 and IL-6 blockers in similar hyper-inflammatory settings like that of rheumatoid arthritis has triggered the discussion of whether such agents could be administrated in selected patients with COVID-19 disease."}, {"pmid": 32400911, "pmcid": "PMC7272815", "title": "Cognitive Processing Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder via Telehealth: Practical Considerations During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Trauma Stress", "authors": ["Moring, John C", "Dondanville, Katherine A", "Fina, Brooke A", "Hassija, Christina", "Chard, Kathleen", "Monson, Candice", "LoSavio, Stefanie T", "Wells, Stephanie Y", "Morland, Leslie A", "Kaysen, Debra", "Galovski, Tara E", "Resick, Patricia A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400911", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global outbreak of COVID-19 has required mental health providers to rapidly rethink and adapt how they provide care. Cognitive processing therapy (CPT) is a trauma-focused, evidence-based treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder that is effective when delivered in-person or via telehealth. Given current limitations on the provision of in-person mental health treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic, this article presents guidelines and treatment considerations when implementing CPT via telehealth. Based on lessons learned from prior studies and clinical delivery of CPT via telehealth, recommendations are made with regard to overall strategies for adapting CPT to a telehealth format, including how to conduct routine assessments and ensure treatment fidelity."}, {"pmid": 32437659, "pmcid": "PMC7196902", "title": "Trained Immunity: a Tool for Reducing Susceptibility to and the Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Netea, Mihai G", "Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J", "Dominguez-Andres, Jorge", "Curtis, Nigel", "van Crevel, Reinout", "van de Veerdonk, Frank L", "Bonten, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437659", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 infection is mild in the majority of individuals but progresses into severe pneumonia in a small proportion of patients. The increased susceptibility to severe disease in the elderly and individuals with co-morbidities argues for an initial defect in anti-viral host defense mechanisms. Long-term boosting of innate immune responses, also termed \"trained immunity,\" by certain live vaccines (BCG, oral polio vaccine, measles) induces heterologous protection against infections through epigenetic, transcriptional, and functional reprogramming of innate immune cells. We propose that induction of trained immunity by whole-microorganism vaccines may represent an important tool for reducing susceptibility to and severity of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32268709, "title": "[Attach importance to COVID-19 infection on maternal and infant outcomes].", "journal": "Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, C", "Yang, H X"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268709", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438938, "pmcid": "PMC7261962", "title": "50 States or 50 Countries: What Did We Miss and What Do We Do Now?", "journal": "Prehosp Disaster Med", "authors": ["Burkle, Frederick M", "Devereaux, Asha V"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438938", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There have been multiple inconsistencies in the manner the COVID-19 pandemic has been investigated and managed by countries. Population-based management (PBM) has been inconsistent, yet serves as a necessary first step in managing public health crises. Unfortunately, these have dominated the landscape within the United States and continue as of this writing. Political and economic influences have greatly influenced major public health management and control decisions. Responsibility for global public health crises and modeling for management are the responsibility of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Health Regulations Treaty (IHR). This review calls upon both to reassess their roles and responsibilities that must be markedly improved and better replicated world-wide in order to optimize the global public health protections and its PBM.\"Ask a big enough question, and you need more than one discipline to answer it.\"Liz Lerman, MacArthur \"Genius\" Fellow, Choreographer, Modern Dance legend, and 2011 Artist-in Residence, Harvard Music Department."}, {"pmid": 32416531, "pmcid": "PMC7204670", "title": "Handling the COVID-19 pandemic: Proposing a community based toolkit for psycho-social management and preparedness.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Banerjee, Debanjan", "Nair, Vasundharaa S"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416531", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471083, "title": "Covid-19 Pandemic: What Changes for Dentists and Oral Medicine Experts? A Narrative Review and Novel Approaches to Infection Containment.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Bizzoca, Maria Eleonora", "Campisi, Giuseppina", "Muzio, Lorenzo Lo"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471083", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The authors performed a narrative review on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome- CoronaVirus-2 ( SARS-CoV-2) and all infectious agents with the primary endpoints to illustrate the most accepted models of safety protocols in dentistry and oral medicine, and to propose an easy view of the problem and a comparison (pre- vs post-COVID19) for the most common dental procedures. The outcome is forecast to help dentists to individuate for a given procedure the differences in terms of safety protocols to avoid infectious contagion (by SARS-CoV-2 and others dangerous agents). An investigation was performed on the online databases Pubmed and Scopus using a combination of free words and Medical Subject Headings (MESH) terms: \"dentist\" OR \"oral health\" AND \"COVID-19\" OR \"SARS-CoV-2\" OR \"coronavirus-19\". After a brief excursus on all infectious agents transmittable at the dental chair, the authors described all the personal protective equipment (PPE) actually on the market and their indications, and on the basis of the literature, they compared (before and after COVID-19 onset) the correct safety procedures for each dental practice studied, underlining the danger of underestimating, in general, dental cross-infections. The authors have highlighted the importance of knowing exactly the risk of infections in the dental practice, and to modulate correctly the use of PPE, in order to invest adequate financial resources and to avoid exposing both the dental team and patients to preventable risks."}, {"pmid": 32364793, "title": "Leveraging Technology for Remote Learning in the Era of COVID-19 and Social Distancing: Tips and Resources for Pathology Educators and Trainees.", "journal": "Arch Pathol Lab Med", "authors": ["Mukhopadhyay, Sanjay", "Booth, Adam L", "Calkins, Sarah M", "Doxtader, Erika E", "Fine, Samson W", "Gardner, Jerad M", "Gonzalez, Raul S", "Mirza, Kamran M", "Jiang, Xiaoyin Sara"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364793", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly disrupted traditional modes of operation in healthcare and education. In March 2020, institutions in the United States began to implement a range of policies to discourage direct contact and encourage social distancing. These measures have placed us in an unprecedented position where education can no longer occur at close quarters - most notably, around a multi-headed microscope - but must instead continue at a distance. This guide is intended to be a resource for pathologists and pathologists-in-training who wish to leverage technology to continue collaboration, teaching, and education in this era. The manuscript is focused mainly on anatomic pathology; however, the technologies easily lend themselves to clinical pathology education as well. Our aim is to provide curated lists of various online resources that can be used for virtual learning in pathology, provide tips and tricks, and share our personal experience with these technologies. The lists include video conferencing platforms, pathology websites, free online educational resources, including social media, and whole-slide imaging collections. We are currently living through a unique situation without a precedent or guidebook, and we hope that this guide will enable the community of pathology educators worldwide to embrace the opportunities that 21st century technology provides."}, {"pmid": 32423361, "title": "Exoscope and Personal Protective Equipment Use for Otologic Surgery in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Gordon, Steven A", "Deep, Nicholas L", "Jethanamest, Daniel"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423361", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292879, "pmcid": "PMC7141599", "title": "The appropriate position of radiology in COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment-current status and opinion from China.", "journal": "Chin J Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Xue, Huadan", "Jin, Zhengyu"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292879", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514623, "title": "COVID-19 versus seasonal influenza 2019-2020: USA.", "journal": "Wien Klin Wochenschr", "authors": ["Wormser, Gary P"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514623", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe mitigation efforts in the USA to reduce the incidence of COVID-19 infections have led to a\u00a0massive rise in unemployment, social disruption, and appear to be leading to a\u00a0severe economic depression. In contrast, no such interventions were regarded as necessary to manage seasonal influenza in 2019-2020. Another mitigation approach is proposed for COVID-19 that would allow society to function and yet should still be effective."}, {"pmid": 32379883, "pmcid": "PMC7236892", "title": "Treatment of Community-Acquired Pneumonia During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Metlay, Joshua P", "Waterer, Grant W"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379883", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467751, "pmcid": "PMC7243827", "title": "The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on oncological surgery.", "journal": "J Surg Case Rep", "authors": ["Kling, Sarah M", "Philp, Matthew M"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467751", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 global pandemic is changing the practice of oncologic surgery. Accustomed to fighting cancer with all available means, surgeons are now being asked to delay treatment or make use of alternate strategies to conserve resources. Telemedicine is being widely employed. We present our thoughts on this topic and where we might be in the next several months."}, {"pmid": 32401359, "pmcid": "PMC7272796", "title": "Recovery from COVID-19 in two patients with coexisted HIV infection.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wu, Qiuji", "Chen, Tielong", "Zhang, Hongyan"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401359", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has become a global health concern. HIV-infected patients are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 due to their immune-compromised status. The clinical manifestations and clinical outcomes of these patients are not clear. In this report, we presented two special COVID-19 patients with HIV infection and other comorbidities. We described the clinical characteristics, clinical manifestations, treatments and clinical outcomes of both patients. One patient with prior HIV-infection continued anti-HIV treatment when diagnosed with COVID-19. The other patient was newly diagnosed with HIV-infection when diagnosed with COVID-19 and had not begun anti-HIV treatment. Both patients were treated with anti-viral, antibiotics, oxygen treatment and supportive care and recovered from severe pneumonia. The experience of these two cases suggested that COVID-19 patients with HIV infection could still have satisfactory clinical outcomes following proper medical care. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32437912, "pmcid": "PMC7179500", "title": "Novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Practice recommendations for obstetric anaesthesia: what we have learned thus far.", "journal": "Int J Obstet Anesth", "authors": ["Bampoe, S", "Odor, P M", "Lucas, D N"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437912", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus causing a global pandemic of a severe respiratory illness known as COVID-19. To date, globally, over 30,000 people have died from this emerging disease. As clinicians and healthcare systems around the world are rapidly adapting to manage patients with COVID-19, limited data are emerging from different patient populations to support best-practice and improve outcomes. In this review, we present a summary of emerging data in the obstetric population and offer obstetric and anaesthetic clinicians around the world a set of evidence-driven, practice-based recommendations for the anaesthetic management of pregnant women with suspected or confirmed COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32516816, "title": "Telehealth Uptake into Prenatal Care and Provider Attitudes during the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City: A Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis.", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["Madden, Nigel", "Emeruwa, Ukachi N", "Friedman, Alexander M", "Aubey, Janice J", "Aziz, Aleha", "Baptiste, Caitlin D", "Coletta, Jaclyn M", "D'Alton, Mary E", "Fuchs, Karin M", "Goffman, Dena", "Gyamfi-Bannerman, Cynthia", "Kondragunta, Sneha", "Krenitsky, Nicole", "Miller, Russell S", "Nhan-Chang, Chia-Ling", "Saint Jean, Ashanda M", "Shukla, Hemangi P", "Simpson, Lynn L", "Spiegel, Erica S", "Yates, Hope S", "Zork, Noelia", "Ona, Samsiya"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516816", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2003This study aimed to (1) determine to what degree prenatal care was able to be transitioned to telehealth at prenatal practices associated with two affiliated hospitals in New York City during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and (2) describe providers' experience with this transition. \u2003Trends in whether prenatal care visits were conducted in-person or via telehealth were analyzed by week for a 5-week period from March 9 to April 12 at Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)-affiliated prenatal practices in New York City during the COVID-19 pandemic. Visits were analyzed for maternal-fetal medicine (MFM) and general obstetrical faculty practices, as well as a clinic system serving patients with public insurance. The proportion of visits that were telehealth was analyzed by visit type by week. A survey and semistructured interviews of providers were conducted evaluating resources and obstacles in the uptake of telehealth. \u2003During the study period, there were 4,248 visits, of which approximately one-third were performed by telehealth (n\u2009=\u20091,352, 31.8%). By the fifth week, 56.1% of generalist visits, 61.5% of MFM visits, and 41.5% of clinic visits were performed via telehealth. A total of 36 providers completed the survey and 11 were interviewed. Accessing technology and performing visits, documentation, and follow-up using the telehealth electronic medical record were all viewed favorably by providers. In transitioning to telehealth, operational challenges were more significant for health clinics than for MFM and generalist faculty practices with patients receiving public insurance experiencing greater difficulties and barriers to care. Additional resources on the patient and operational level were required to optimize attendance at in-person and video visits for clinic patients. \u2003Telehealth was rapidly implemented in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic and was viewed favorably by providers. Limited barriers to care were observed for practices serving patients with commercial insurance. However, to optimize access for patients with Medicaid, additional patient-level and operational supports were required. \u00b7 Telehealth uptake differed based on insurance.. \u00b7 Medicaid patients may require increased assistance for telehealth.. \u00b7 Quick adoption of telehealth is feasible.."}, {"pmid": 32391309, "pmcid": "PMC7193031", "title": "Role of the Eye in Transmitting Human Coronavirus: What We Know and What We Do Not Know.", "journal": "Front Public Health", "authors": ["Sun, Chuan-Bin", "Wang, Yue-Ye", "Liu, Geng-Hao", "Liu, Zhe"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391309", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the current 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV, now named SARS-CoV-2) infection has become a worldwide health threat. Currently, more information is needed so as to further understand the transmission and clinical characteristics of 2019-nCoV infection and the infection control procedures required. Recently, the role of the eye in transmitting 2019-nCoV has been intensively discussed. Previous investigations of other highly infectious human CoVs, that is, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), may provide useful information. In this review, we describe the genomics and morphology of human CoVs, the epidemiology, systemic and ophthalmic manifestations, and mechanisms of human CoV infection, and recommendations for infection control procedures. The role of the eye in the transmission of 2019-nCoV is discussed in detail. Although the conjunctiva is directly exposed to extraocular pathogens, and the mucosa of the ocular surface and upper respiratory tract are connected by the nasolacrimal duct and share the same entry receptors for some respiratory viruses, the eye is rarely involved in human CoV infection, conjunctivitis is quite rare in patients with 2019-nCoV infection, and the CoV RNA positive rate by RT-PCR test in tears and conjunctival secretions from patients with 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV infection is also extremely low. This suggests that the eye is neither a preferred organ of human CoV infection nor a preferred gateway of entry for human CoVs for infecting the respiratory tract. However, pathogens that the ocular surface is exposed to might be transported to nasal and nasopharyngeal mucosa by constant tear rinsing through the lacrimal duct system and then cause respiratory tract infection. Considering that close doctor-patient contact is quite common in ophthalmic practice and is apt to transmit human CoVs by droplets and fomites, strict hand hygiene and proper personal protection are highly recommended for health care workers to avoid hospital-related viral transmission during ophthalmic practice."}, {"pmid": 32424571, "pmcid": "PMC7233678", "title": "Burden and prevalence of prognostic factors for severe COVID-19 in Sweden.", "journal": "Eur J Epidemiol", "authors": ["Gemes, Katalin", "Talback, Mats", "Modig, Karin", "Ahlbom, Anders", "Berglund, Anita", "Feychting, Maria", "Matthews, Anthony A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424571", "countries": ["Sweden"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control suggest that individuals over the age of 70\u00a0years or with underlying cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, or diabetes are at increased risk of severe COVID-19. However, the prevalence of these prognostic factors is unknown in many countries. We aimed to describe the burden and prevalence of prognostic factors of severe COVID-19 at national and county level in Sweden. We calculated the burden and prevalence of prognostic factors for severe COVID-19 based on records from the Swedish national health care and population registers for 3\u00a0years before 1st January 2016. 9,624,428 individuals were included in the study population. 22.1% had at least one prognostic factor for severe COVID-19 (2,131,319 individuals), and 1.6% had at least three factors (154,746 individuals). The prevalence of underlying medical conditions ranged from 0.8% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (78,516 individuals) to 7.4% with cardiovascular disease (708,090 individuals), and the county specific prevalence of at least one prognostic factor ranged from 19.2% in Stockholm (416,988 individuals) to 25.9% in Kalmar (60,005 individuals). We show that one in five individuals in Sweden is at increased risk of severe COVID-19. When compared with the critical care capacity at a local and national level, these results can aid authorities in optimally planning healthcare resources during the current pandemic. Findings can also be applied to underlying assumptions of disease burden in modelling efforts to support COVID-19 planning."}, {"pmid": 32522767, "title": "COVID-19-associated acute necrotizing myelitis.", "journal": "Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm", "authors": ["Sotoca, Javier", "Rodriguez-Alvarez, Yensa"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522767", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269375, "title": "Ten work-life balance tips for researchers based at home during the pandemic.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Taylor, Lucy A"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269375", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478302, "pmcid": "PMC7251275", "title": "Pediatric coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): An insight from west of Iran.", "journal": "North Clin Istanb", "authors": ["Soltani, Jafar", "Sedighi, Iraj", "Shalchi, Zohreh", "Sami, Ghazal", "Moradveisi, Borhan", "Nahidi, Soheila"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478302", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To study the clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of the pediatric patients infected with the new emerging 2019 coronavirus virus (SARS-CoV-2) in Hamadan and Sanandaj, west of Iran. A descriptive study was conducted in Hamadan and Kurdistan province between March 1 to April 15, 2020. Medical records of the children diagnosed as probable or confirmed cases of COVID-19 disease were extracted and analyzed in this study. We followed the WHO Guideline for the case definition of the patients. Thirty patients admitted to the wards specified for COVID-19 diseases. Nineteen (63%) patients categorized as confirmed by Real-Time Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and 11 (37%) patients as probable according to Computed Tomography (CT) findings of the chest. Sixteen (53.3%) cases were female, the youngest patient was one day old, and the oldest patient was 15 years old. 11 (36.7%) cases had a definite history of close contact. The most common symptoms were fever, cough, and dyspnea, and the most common sign was tachypnea. None of our patients presented with a runny nose. Lymphopenia and marked elevation of the C-reactive Protein observed in four (13.3%) and 12 (40%) cases, respectively. There were 10 (33.3%) cases with normal chest X-rays. Ground-Glass Opacities (GGOs) were the most common CT findings (19, 73.1%). All but one of the patients discharged without sequala. An 11-yrs-old girl expired with a fulminant pneumonia. COVID-19 is not uncommon in children and could have different presentations. Concomitant use of RT-PCR and chest CT scans in symptomatic cases recommended as a modality of choice to diagnose the disease. Routine laboratory tests, like many other viral infections, may not show significant or specific changes. The superimposed bacterial infection seems not the determinant of clinical outcomes as most patients had a negative evaluation by specific laboratory tests for bacterial infections; got improved dramatically with a short or no antibiotic therapy."}, {"pmid": 32385954, "pmcid": "PMC7273055", "title": "Caring for people with heart failure and many other medical problems through and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic: the advantages of universal access to home telemonitoring.", "journal": "Eur J Heart Fail", "authors": ["Cleland, John G F", "Clark, Robyn A", "Pellicori, Pierpaolo", "Inglis, Sally C"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385954", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395708, "pmcid": "PMC7211576", "title": "COVID-19: Challenges and opportunities in the care sector.", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Cecula, Paulina", "Behan, Sir David", "Maruthappu, Dr Mahiben"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395708", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296249, "pmcid": "PMC7155759", "title": "Roles and Responsibilities of the Orthopaedic Community and the Society During COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Indian J Orthop", "authors": ["Vaishya, Raju", "Vaish, Abhishek"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296249", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399912, "pmcid": "PMC7217615", "title": "Public Priorities and Concerns Regarding COVID-19 in an Online Discussion Forum: Longitudinal Topic Modeling.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Stokes, Daniel C", "Andy, Anietie", "Guntuku, Sharath Chandra", "Ungar, Lyle H", "Merchant, Raina M"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399912", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277169, "title": "Coronavirus diaries: hello from home.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Tregoning, John"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277169", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32323101, "pmcid": "PMC7175818", "title": "Safer intubation and extubation of patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Asenjo, Juan Francisco"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323101", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333581, "title": "Contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) to detect abdominal microcirculatory disorders in severe cases of COVID-19 infection: First experience.", "journal": "Clin Hemorheol Microcirc", "authors": ["Jung, E M", "Stroszczynski, C", "Jung, F"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333581", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the hands of experienced examiners, the contrast enhanced sonography (CEUS) offers the possibility to analyze dynamic microcirculatory disturbances in real time dynamically without any risk for kidneys and thyroid gland even in severe progressing disease bedside. Based on severe COVID-19 infections, first experiences with abdominal CEUS examinations are presented. In the stage of an imminent organ failure with significantly reduced kidney and liver function, CEUS can be used to show a narrowing of the organ-supplying arteries, as well as a delayed capillary filling of vessels near the capsule, a regional reduced parenchymal perfusion or an inflammatory hyperemia with capillary hypercirculation. It is possible to quickly rule out organ infarction and to dynamically record the mesenteric arterial and venous blood flow."}, {"pmid": 32474860, "pmcid": "PMC7260450", "title": "Potential of Arbidol for Post-exposure Prophylaxis of COVID-19 Transmission-A Preliminary Report of a Retrospective Cohort Study.", "journal": "Curr Med Sci", "authors": ["Zhang, Jin-Nong", "Wang, Wen-Jing", "Peng, Bo", "Peng, Wei", "Zhang, Yi-Sheng", "Wang, Ya-Ling", "Wan, Yan", "Chang, Jiang", "Mao, Ling", "Miao, Xiao-Ping", "Li, Ya-Nan", "Zhou, Yi-Fan", "Hu, Bo"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474860", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The efficient transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) from patients to health care workers or family members has been a worrisome and prominent feature of the ongoing outbreak. On the basis of clinical practice and in-vitro studies, we postulated that post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) using Arbidol is associated with decreased infection among individuals exposed to confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection. We conducted a retrospective cohort study on family members and health care workers who were exposed to patients confirmed to have SARS-CoV-2 infection by real-time RT-PCR and chest computed tomography (CT) from January 1 to January 16, 2020. The last follow-up date was Feb. 26, 2020. The emergence of fever and/or respiratory symptoms after exposure to the primary case was collected. The correlations between post-exposure prophylaxis and infection in household contacts and health care workers were respectively analyzed. A total of 66 members in 27 families and 124 health care workers had evidence of close exposure to patients with confirmed COVID-19. The Cox regression based on the data of the family members and health care workers with Arbidol or not showed that Arbidol PEP was a protective factor against the development of COVID-19 (HR 0.025, 95% CI 0.003-0.209, P=0.0006 for family members and HR 0.056, 95% CI 0.005-0.662, P=0.0221 for health care workers). Our findings suggest Arbidol could reduce the infection risk of the novel coronavirus in hospital and family settings. This treatment should be promoted for PEP use and should be the subject of further investigation."}, {"pmid": 32303505, "title": "Covid-19: ibuprofen can be used for symptoms, says UK agency, but reasons for change in advice are unclear.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Torjesen, Ingrid"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303505", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32190575, "pmcid": "PMC7063273", "title": "CT imaging of two cases of one family cluster 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia: inconsistency between clinical symptoms amelioration and imaging sign progression.", "journal": "Quant Imaging Med Surg", "authors": ["Hu, Xiaofei", "Chen, Jiafei", "Jiang, Xiaomei", "Tao, Shiqi", "Zhen, Zhiming", "Zhou, Chaoyang", "Wang, Jian"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32190575", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32310815, "pmcid": "PMC7184968", "title": "Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and Antibodies in Diverse Samples: Protocol to Validate the Sufficiency of Provider-Observed, Home-Collected Blood, Saliva, and Oropharyngeal Samples.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Sullivan, Patrick Sean", "Sailey, Charles", "Guest, Jodie Lynn", "Guarner, Jeannette", "Kelley, Colleen", "Siegler, Aaron Julius", "Valentine-Graves, Mariah", "Gravens, Laura", "Del Rio, Carlos", "Sanchez, Travis Howard"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310815", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The response in the United States to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has been hampered by a lack of aggressive testing for the infection. Testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cornerstone of an effective public health response. However, efforts to test have been hampered by limited reagents, limitations in the availability of swabs used for the collection of nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) specimens, limitations in personal protective equipment (PPE) for health care providers collecting the NPS specimens, and limitations in viral transport media for transporting the specimens. Therefore, more flexible options for screening for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and serologic responses are critical to inform clinical and public health responses. We aim to document the ability of patients to self-collect sufficient specimens for SARS-CoV-2 viral detection and serology. Patient self-collection of samples will be done with observation by a health care provider during a telemedicine session. Participants will be mailed a specimen collection kit, engage in a telehealth session with a provider through a HIPPA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996)-compliant video meeting, and collect specimens while being observed by the provider. Providers will record whether they are confident in the suitability of the specimen for laboratory testing that would inform clinical decision making. We will objectively assess the sufficiency of biological material in the mailed-in specimens. The protocol was approved by the Emory University Institutional Review Board (IRB) on March 30, 2020 (Protocol number 371). To date, we have enrolled 159 participants. Defining a conceptual framework for assessing the sufficiency of patient-collected samples for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and serologic responses to infection is critical for facilitating public health responses and providing PPE-sparing options to increase testing. Validation of alternative methods of specimen collection should include objective measures of the sufficiency of specimens for testing. A strong evidence base for diversifying testing modalities will improve tools to guide public health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32335973, "pmcid": "PMC7267512", "title": "Of mice and men: COVID-19 challenges translational neuroscience.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Sellner, J"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335973", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424062, "pmcid": "PMC7242867", "title": "Can China's 'standard of care' for COVID-19 be replicated in Europe?", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Raposo, Vera Lucia"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424062", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Director-General of the WHO has suggested that China's approach to the COVID-19 crisis could be the standard of care for global epidemics. However, as remarkable as the Chinese strategy might be, it cannot be replicated in other countries and certainly not in Europe. In Europe, there is a distribution of power between the European Union and its member states. In contrast, China's political power is concentrated in the central government. This enables it to take immediate measures that affect the entire country, such as massive quarantines or closing borders. Moreover, the Chinese legal framework includes restrictions on privacy and other human rights that are unknown in Europe. In addition, China has the technological power to easily impose such restrictions. In most European countries, that would be science fiction. These conditions have enabled China to combat epidemics like no other country can. However, the WHO might have been overoptimistic. The Chinese standard of care for treating COVID-19 also raises problematic issues for human rights, and the real consequences of these actions remain to be seen."}, {"pmid": 32217835, "pmcid": "PMC7190990", "title": "Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Chen, Guang", "Wu, Di", "Guo, Wei", "Cao, Yong", "Huang, Da", "Wang, Hongwu", "Wang, Tao", "Zhang, Xiaoyun", "Chen, Huilong", "Yu, Haijing", "Zhang, Xiaoping", "Zhang, Minxia", "Wu, Shiji", "Song, Jianxin", "Chen, Tao", "Han, Meifang", "Li, Shusheng", "Luo, Xiaoping", "Zhao, Jianping", "Ning, Qin"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217835", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BACKGROUNDSince December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, and is now becoming a global threat. We aimed to delineate and compare the immunological features of severe and moderate COVID-19.METHODSIn this retrospective study, the clinical and immunological characteristics of 21 patients (17 male and 4 female) with COVID-19 were analyzed. These patients were classified as severe (11 cases) and moderate (10 cases) according to the guidelines released by the National Health Commission of China.RESULTSThe median age of severe and moderate cases was 61.0 and 52.0 years, respectively. Common clinical manifestations included fever, cough, and fatigue. Compared with moderate cases, severe cases more frequently had dyspnea, lymphopenia, and hypoalbuminemia, with higher levels of alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, ferritin, and D-dimer as well as markedly higher levels of IL-2R, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-\u03b1. Absolute numbers of T lymphocytes, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells decreased in nearly all the patients, and were markedly lower in severe cases (294.0, 177.5, and 89.0 \u00d7 106/L, respectively) than moderate cases (640.5, 381.5, and 254.0 \u00d7 106/L, respectively). The expression of IFN-\u03b3 by CD4+ T cells tended to be lower in severe cases (14.1%) than in moderate cases (22.8%).CONCLUSIONThe SARS-CoV-2 infection may affect primarily T lymphocytes, particularly CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, resulting in a decrease in numbers as well as IFN-\u03b3 production by CD4+ T cells. These potential immunological markers may be of importance because of their correlation with disease severity in COVID-19.TRIAL REGISTRATIONThis is a retrospective observational study without a trial registration number.FUNDINGThis work is funded by grants from Tongji Hospital for the Pilot Scheme Project, and partly supported by the Chinese National Thirteenth Five Years Project in Science and Technology for Infectious Disease (2017ZX10202201)."}, {"pmid": 32512075, "title": "A national survey onradiation oncology patterns of practice in Switzerland during the COVID-19 pandemic: present changes and future perspectives.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Achard, Verane", "Aebersold, Daniel M", "Said Allal, Abdelkarim", "Andratschke, Nicolaus", "Baumert, Brigitta G", "Thomas Beer, Karl", "Betz, Michael", "Breuneval, Thomas", "Bodis, Stephan", "de Bari, Berardino", "Forster, Robert", "Franzetti-Pellanda, Alessandra", "Guckenberger, Matthias", "Herrmann, Evelyn", "Huck, Constance", "Khanfir, Kaouthar", "Matzinger, Oscar", "Peguret, Nicolas", "Pesce, Gianfranco", "Martin Putora, Paul", "Reuter, Christiane", "Richetti, Antonella", "Vees, Hansjorg", "Vrieling, Conny", "Zaugg, Kathrin", "Zimmermann, Frank", "Zwahlen, Daniel R", "Tsoutsou, Pelagia", "Zilli, Thomas"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512075", "countries": ["Switzerland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267502, "pmcid": "PMC7184339", "title": "Acute myocarditis presenting as a reverse Tako-Tsubo syndrome in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infection.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Sala, Simone", "Peretto, Giovanni", "Gramegna, Mario", "Palmisano, Anna", "Villatore, Andrea", "Vignale, Davide", "De Cobelli, Francesco", "Tresoldi, Moreno", "Cappelletti, Alberto Maria", "Basso, Cristina", "Godino, Cosmo", "Esposito, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267502", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298251, "title": "Hospitalization Rates and Characteristics of Patients Hospitalized with Laboratory-Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 - COVID-NET, 14 States, March 1-30, 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Garg, Shikha", "Kim, Lindsay", "Whitaker, Michael", "O'Halloran, Alissa", "Cummings, Charisse", "Holstein, Rachel", "Prill, Mila", "Chai, Shua J", "Kirley, Pam D", "Alden, Nisha B", "Kawasaki, Breanna", "Yousey-Hindes, Kimberly", "Niccolai, Linda", "Anderson, Evan J", "Openo, Kyle P", "Weigel, Andrew", "Monroe, Maya L", "Ryan, Patricia", "Henderson, Justin", "Kim, Sue", "Como-Sabetti, Kathy", "Lynfield, Ruth", "Sosin, Daniel", "Torres, Salina", "Muse, Alison", "Bennett, Nancy M", "Billing, Laurie", "Sutton, Melissa", "West, Nicole", "Schaffner, William", "Talbot, H Keipp", "Aquino, Clarissa", "George, Andrea", "Budd, Alicia", "Brammer, Lynnette", "Langley, Gayle", "Hall, Aron J", "Fry, Alicia"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298251", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was first detected in December 2019 (1), approximately 1.3 million cases have been reported worldwide (2), including approximately 330,000 in the United States (3). To conduct population-based surveillance for laboratory-confirmed COVID-19-associated hospitalizations in the United States, the COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET) was created using the existing infrastructure of the Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network (FluSurv-NET) (4) and the Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalization Surveillance Network (RSV-NET). This report presents age-stratified COVID-19-associated hospitalization rates for patients admitted during March 1-28, 2020, and clinical data on patients admitted during March 1-30, 2020, the first month of U.S. surveillance. Among 1,482 patients hospitalized with COVID-19, 74.5% were aged \u226550 years, and 54.4% were male. The hospitalization rate among patients identified through COVID-NET during this 4-week period was 4.6 per 100,000 population. Rates were highest (13.8) among adults aged \u226565 years. Among 178 (12%) adult patients with data on underlying conditions as of March 30, 2020, 89.3% had one or more underlying conditions; the most common were hypertension (49.7%), obesity (48.3%), chronic lung disease (34.6%), diabetes mellitus (28.3%), and cardiovascular disease (27.8%). These findings suggest that older adults have elevated rates of COVID-19-associated hospitalization and the majority of persons hospitalized with COVID-19 have underlying medical conditions. These findings underscore the importance of preventive measures (e.g., social distancing, respiratory hygiene, and wearing face coverings in public settings where social distancing measures are difficult to maintain)\u2020 to protect older adults and persons with underlying medical conditions, as well as the general public. In addition, older adults and persons with serious underlying medical conditions should avoid contact with persons who are ill and immediately contact their health care provider(s) if they have symptoms consistent with COVID-19 (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html) (5). Ongoing monitoring of hospitalization rates, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of hospitalized patients will be important to better understand the evolving epidemiology of COVID-19 in the United States and the clinical spectrum of disease, and to help guide planning and prioritization of health care system resources."}, {"pmid": 32525607, "title": "Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) in the COVID-19 era: Primetime for Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy and a lesson for the future?", "journal": "Oncologist", "authors": ["Scorsetti, Marta", "Goodman, Karyn A", "Seong, Jinsil", "Loi, Mauro", "Huguet, Florence", "Dawson, Laura A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525607", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532739, "title": "Covid-19: People in most deprived areas of England and Wales twice as likely to die.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["O'Dowd, Adrian"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532739", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389753, "pmcid": "PMC7204682", "title": "What is our threshold: Departmental planning for radiation oncology's future in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Chandra, Ravi A", "Thomas, Charles R Jr"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389753", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460683, "title": "Rapid Conversion of an Outpatient Psychiatric Clinic to a 100% Virtual Telepsychiatry Clinic in Response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychiatr Serv", "authors": ["Yellowlees, Peter", "Nakagawa, Keisuke", "Pakyurek, Murat", "Hanson, Angel", "Elder, Jerry", "Kales, Helen C"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460683", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In anticipation of a surge of COVID-19 cases in Northern California, the outpatient psychiatric clinic at UC Davis Health, in which 98% of visits initially occurred in person, was converted to a telepsychiatry clinic, with all visits changed to virtual appointments within 3 business days. The clinic had 73 virtual appointments on its first day after full conversion. This column describes the process, challenges, and lessons learned from this rapid conversion. Patients were generally grateful, providers learned rapidly how to work from home, and the clinic remained financially viable with no immediate losses."}, {"pmid": 32236854, "pmcid": "PMC7105960", "title": "Infection control protocol inside computed tomography suites during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Jpn J Radiol", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236854", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297796, "title": "Description and Proposed Management of the Acute COVID-19 Cardiovascular Syndrome.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Hendren, Nicholas S", "Drazner, Mark H", "Bozkurt, Biykem", "Cooper, Leslie T Jr"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297796", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly expanding global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. A substantial minority of patients hospitalized develop an acute COVID-19 cardiovascular syndrome, which can manifest with a variety of clinical presentations but often presents as an acute cardiac injury with cardiomyopathy, ventricular arrhythmias, and hemodynamic instability in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease. The cause of this injury is uncertain but is suspected to be related to myocarditis, microvascular injury, systemic cytokine-mediated injury, or stress-related cardiomyopathy. Although histologically unproven, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has the potential to directly replicate within cardiomyocytes and pericytes, leading to viral myocarditis. Systemically elevated cytokines are also known to be cardiotoxic and have the potential to result in profound myocardial injury. Prior experience with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 has helped expedite the evaluation of several promising therapies, including antiviral agents, interleukin-6 inhibitors, and convalescent serum. Management of acute COVID-19 cardiovascular syndrome should involve a multidisciplinary team including intensive care specialists, infectious disease specialists, and cardiologists. Priorities for managing acute COVID-19 cardiovascular syndrome include balancing the goals of minimizing healthcare staff exposure for testing that will not change clinical management with early recognition of the syndrome at a time point at which intervention may be most effective. This article aims to review the best available data on acute COVID-19 cardiovascular syndrome epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. From these data, we propose a surveillance, diagnostic, and management strategy that balances potential patient risks and healthcare staff exposure with improvement in meaningful clinical outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32513783, "title": "Tuberculosis in the time of COVID-19: quality of life and digital innovation.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Visca, Dina", "Tiberi, Simon", "Pontali, Emanuele", "Spanevello, Antonio", "Migliori, Giovanni Battista"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513783", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526492, "title": "SARS-Cov-2RNA found on particulate matter of Bergamo in Northern Italy: First evidence.", "journal": "Environ Res", "authors": ["Setti, Leonardo", "Passarini, Fabrizio", "De Gennaro, Gianluigi", "Barbieri, Pierluigi", "Perrone, Maria Grazia", "Borelli, Massimo", "Palmisani, Jolanda", "Di Gilio, Alessia", "Torboli, Valentina", "Fontana, Francesco", "Clemente, Libera", "Pallavicini, Alberto", "Ruscio, Maurizio", "Piscitelli, Prisco", "Miani, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526492", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The burden of COVID-19 was extremely severe in Northern Italy, an area characterized by high concentrations of particulate matter (PM), which is known to negatively affect human health. Consistently with evidence already available for other viruses, we initially hypothesized the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 presence on PM, and we performed a first experiment specifically aimed at confirming or excluding this research hyphotesys. We have collected 34 PM10 samples in Bergamo area (the epicenter of the Italian COVID-19 epidemic) by using two air samplers over a continuous 3-weeks period. Filters were properly stored and underwent RNA extraction and amplification according to WHO protocols in two parallel blind analyses performed by two different authorized laboratories. Up to three highly specific molecular marker genes (E, N, and RdRP) were used to test the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on particulate matter. The first test showed positive results for gene E in 15 out of 16 samples, simultaneously displaying positivity also for RdRP gene in 4 samples. The second blind test got 5 additional positive results for at least one of the three marker genes. Overall, we tested 34 RNA extractions for the E, N and RdRP genes, reporting 20 positive results for at least one of the three marker genes, with positivity separately confirmed for all the three markers. Control tests to exclude false positivities were successfully accomplished. This is the first evidence that SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be present on PM, thus suggesting a possible use as indicator of epidemic recurrence."}, {"pmid": 32459833, "title": "Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and HIV: a case series.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Childs, Kate", "Post, Frank A", "Norcross, Claire", "Ottaway, Zoe", "Hamlyn, Elizabeth", "Quinn, Killian", "Juniper, Thomas", "Taylor, Chris"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459833", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32326943, "pmcid": "PMC7179791", "title": "Sexual and reproductive health (SRH): a key issue in the emergency response to the coronavirus disease (COVID- 19) outbreak.", "journal": "Reprod Health", "authors": ["Tang, Kun", "Gaoshan, Junjian", "Ahonsi, Babatunde", "Ali, Moazzam", "Bonet, Mercedes", "Broutet, Nathalie", "Kara, Edna", "Kim, Caron", "Thorson, Anna", "Thwin, Soe Soe"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326943", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak was first declared in China in December 2019, and WHO declared the pandemic on 11 March 2020. A fast-rising number of confirmed cases has been observed in all continents, with Europe at the epicentre of the outbreak at this moment.Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and rights is a significant public health issue during the epidemics. The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is new to humans, and only limited scientific evidence is available to identify the impact of the disease COVID-19 on SRH, including clinical presentation and outcomes of the infection during pregnancy, or for persons with STI/HIV-related immunosuppression. Beyond the clinical scope of SRH, we should not neglect the impacts at the health system level and disruptions or interruptions in regular provision of SRH services, such as pre- and postnatal checks, safe abortion, contraception, HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections. Furthermore, other aspects merit attention such as the potential increase of gender-based violence and domestic abuse, and effects of stigma and discrimination associated with COVID-19 and their effects on SRH clients and health care providers. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the scientific community to generate sound clinical, epidemiological, and psycho-social behavioral links between COVID-19 and SRH and rights outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32220179, "title": "[The Management of Blood Glucose Should be Emphasized in the Treatment of COVID-19].", "journal": "Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Ma, Wan-Xia", "Ran, Xing-Wu"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220179", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Based on the higher mortality and the higher proportion of critically ill adults in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with diabetes, good inpatient glycemic control is particularly important in the comprehensive treatment of COVID-19. Individualized blood glucose target goals and treatment strategies should be made according to specific circumstances of COVID-19 inpatients with diabetes. For mild patients, a strict glycemic control target (fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 4.4-6.1 mmol/L, 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose (2 h PG) 6.1-7.8 mmol/L) are recommended; a target for the glycemic control of common type patients (FPG 6.1-7.8 mmol/L, 2 h PG 7.8-10.0 mmol/L) and subcutaneous insulin deliver therapy are recommended; a target nonfasting blood glucose range of 10.0 mmol or less per liter for severe-type COVID-19 patients, a relatively Less stringent blood glucose control target (FPG 7.8-10.0 mmol/L, 2 h PG 7.8-13.9 mmol/L) for critically ill patients and intravenous insulin infusion therapy are recommended. Due to the rapid changes in the condition of some patients, the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or hyperglycemic hyperosmolar status (HHS) maybe occur during the treatment. Blood glucose monitoring, dynamic evaluation and timely adjustment of strategies should be strengthened to ensure patient safety and promote early recovery of patients."}, {"pmid": 32319956, "pmcid": "PMC7187763", "title": "Surveillance of COVID-19 in the General Population Using an Online Questionnaire: Report From 18,161 Respondents in China.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Luo, Hongxing", "Lie, Yongchan", "Prinzen, Frits W"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319956", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become an international pandemic. So far, little is known about the role of an internet approach in COVID-19 participatory surveillance. The aim of this study is to investigate whether an online survey can provide population-level information for observing prevalence trends during the early phase of an outbreak and identifying potential risk factors of COVID-19 infection. A 10-item online questionnaire was developed according to medical guidelines and relevant publications. It was distributed between January 24 and February 17, 2020. The characteristics of respondents and temporal changes of various questionnaire-derived indicators were analyzed. A total of 18,161 questionnaires were returned, including 6.45% (n=1171) from Wuhan City. Geographical distributions of the respondents were consistent with the population per province (R2=0.61, P<.001). History of contact significantly decreased with time, both outside Wuhan City (R2=0.35, P=.002) and outside Hubei Province (R2=0.42, P<.001). The percentage of respondents reporting a fever peaked around February 8 (R2=0.57, P<.001) and increased with a history of contact in the areas outside Wuhan City (risk ratio 1.31, 95% CI 1.13-1.52, P<.001). Male sex, advanced age, and lung diseases were associated with a higher risk of fever in the general population with a history of contact. This study shows the usefulness of an online questionnaire for the surveillance of outbreaks like COVID-19 by providing information about trends of the disease and aiding the identification of potential risk factors."}, {"pmid": 32385130, "title": "Clinical Characteristics of and Medical Interventions for COVID-19 in Hemodialysis Patients in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Xiong, Fei", "Tang, Hui", "Liu, Li", "Tu, Can", "Tian, Jian-Bo", "Lei, Chun-Tao", "Liu, Jing", "Dong, Jun-Wu", "Chen, Wen-Li", "Wang, Xiao-Hui", "Luo, Dan", "Shi, Ming", "Miao, Xiao-Ping", "Zhang, Chun"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385130", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Reports indicate that those most vulnerable to developing severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are older adults and those with underlying illnesses, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or cardiovascular disease, which are common comorbidities among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. However, there is limited information about the clinical characteristics of hemodialysis patients with COVID-19 or about interventions to control COVID-19 in hemodialysis centers. We collected data retrospectively through an online registration system that includes all patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis at 65 centers in Wuhan, China. We reviewed epidemiologic and clinical data of patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 between January 1, 2020 and March 10, 2020. Of 7154 patients undergoing hemodialysis, 154 had laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. The mean age of the 131 patients in our analysis was 63.2 years; 57.3% were men. Many had underlying comorbidities, with cardiovascular disease (including hypertension) being the most common (68.7%). Only 51.9% of patients manifested fever; 21.4% of infected patients were asymptomatic. The most common finding on chest computed tomography (CT) was ground-grass or patchy opacity (82.1%). After initiating comprehensive interventions-including entrance screening of body temperature and symptoms, universal chest CT and blood tests, and other measures-new patients presenting with COVID-19 peaked at 10 per day on January 30, decreasing to 4 per day on February 11. No new cases occurred between February 26 and March 10, 2020. We found that patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis were susceptible to COVID-19 and that hemodialysis centers were high-risk settings during the epidemic. Increasing prevention efforts, instituting universal screening, and isolating patients with COVID-19 and directing them to designated hemodialysis centers were effective in preventing the spread of COVID-19 in hemodialysis centers."}, {"pmid": 32504509, "title": "[How Acta Medica Portuguesa Adjusted to Pandemic Times].", "journal": "Acta Med Port", "authors": ["Villanueva, Tiago", "Donato, Helena", "Escada, Pedro", "Sousa, Carla", "Matos, Rui", "Reis, Miguel"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504509", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314538, "pmcid": "PMC7264765", "title": "Why is Coronavirus Disease 2019 not as severe in children?-A look at type 2 alveolar cells.", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["Im, Daniel D"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314538", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449972, "title": "Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes of patients coinfected with COVID-19 and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in the USA.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Gayam, Vijay", "Konala, Venu M", "Naramala, Srikanth", "Garlapati, Pavani Reddy", "Merghani, Mohamed A", "Regmi, Nirajan", "Balla, Mamtha", "Adapa, Sreedhar"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449972", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading at a rapid pace, and the World Health Organization declared it as pandemic on 11 March 2020. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an \"atypical\" bacterial pathogen commonly known to cause respiratory illness in humans. The coinfection from SARS-CoV-2 and mycoplasma pneumonia is rarely reported in the literature to the best of our knowledge. We present a study in which 6 of 350 patients confirmed with COVID-19 were also diagnosed with M. pneumoniae infection. In this study, we described the clinical characteristics of patients with coinfection. Common symptoms at the onset of illness included fever (six [100%] patients); five (83.3%) patients had a cough, shortness of breath, and fatigue. The other symptoms were myalgia (66.6%), gastrointestinal symptoms (33.3%-50%), and altered mental status (16.7%). The laboratory parameters include lymphopenia, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, interleukin-6, serum ferritin, and D-dimer in all six (100%) patients. The chest X-ray at presentation showed bilateral infiltrates in all the patients (100%). We also described electrocardiogram findings, complications, and treatment during hospitalization in detail. One patient died during the hospital course."}, {"pmid": 32531325, "pmcid": "PMC7283049", "title": "Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalized patients with diabetes in UK: A retrospective single centre study.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Alkundi, Alamin", "Mahmoud, Ibrahim", "Musa, Abdulmajid", "Naveed, Saima", "Alshawaf, Mohammed"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531325", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with diabetes. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among patients admitted to the William Harvey Hospital in England between March 10th and May10th, 2020 with a laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), known as COVID-19. Variation in characteristics, length of stay in hospital, diabetes status, duration of diabetes, control of diabetes, comorbidities and outcomes were examined. There were 232 COVID-19 presentations. Mean (standard deviation (SD), range) age was 70.5 (\u00b115.7, 30-101) years, 62.5% were male, and 37.5% were having diabetes. There were 43.4% males and 27.6 females, p = 0.016, with diabetes admitted to our hospital due to COVID-19. Patients with diabetes were more likely to have longer length of stay (LOS) in hospital, 14.4 (SD \u00b19.6) days, compared to the patients without diabetes, 9.8 (SD \u00b117.1) days, p < 0.0001. Patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) were more likely to survive (87.1%) compared to patients without DKA (50.6%), p = 0.046. Males were more likely to be admitted to hospital with COVID-19 illness than females. Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with diabetes had a longer LOS in hospital than patients without diabetes. Older age COVID-19 patients with diabetes and patients without DKA were less likely to survive compared to younger patients and patients with DKA, respectively. Further studies with large sample size are needed."}, {"pmid": 32371163, "pmcid": "PMC7169886", "title": "Pulmonary embolism in a young pregnant woman with COVID-19.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Martinelli, Ida", "Ferrazzi, Enrico", "Ciavarella, Alessandro", "Erra, Roberta", "Iurlaro, Enrico", "Ossola, Manuela", "Lombardi, Andrea", "Blasi, Francesco", "Mosca, Fabio", "Peyvandi, Flora"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371163", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510762, "title": "Time-to-change: dementia care in COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychogeriatrics", "authors": ["Shea, Yat F", "Wan, Wai H", "Chan, Maggie M K", "DeKosky, Steven T"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510762", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489666, "pmcid": "PMC7240337", "title": "A 55-year-old COVID-19-positive man managed with self-regulation of high-flow oxygen by high-velocity nasal insufflation therapy.", "journal": "Respirol Case Rep", "authors": ["Ciment, Ari J", "Ciment, Lawrence M"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489666", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Management of critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients remains both risky and technically challenging. A 55-year-old male COVID-19-positive patient with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), diabetes, and obesity presented with cough and shortness of breath, escalating to requiring high-flow oxygen therapy by high-velocity nasal insufflation. The patient's flow rate and oxygen fraction remained labile throughout much of the hospitalization. This lability required frequent clinician interactions and use of personal protective equipment. The patient was alert and oriented and was instructed on the operation of the high-flow system, specifically the adjustment of both flow rate and oxygen percentage. The patient was instructed to modify oxygen to maintain an SpO2 (peripheral capillary oxygen saturation) target range, and flow rate to address dyspnoea as well as reduction of flow as tolerated when other staff entered the room. The patient was successfully self-regulated for 10\u2009days and was discharged on 2 L/min nasal cannula on day 14 of his illness."}, {"pmid": 32379925, "pmcid": "PMC7267385", "title": "Improvement of SARS-CoV-2 symptoms following Guselkumab injection in a psoriatic patient.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Benhadou, F", "Del Marmol, V"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379925", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32003551, "pmcid": "PMC7120970", "title": "Transmission of 2019-nCoV Infection from an Asymptomatic Contact in Germany.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rothe, Camilla", "Schunk, Mirjam", "Sothmann, Peter", "Bretzel, Gisela", "Froeschl, Guenter", "Wallrauch, Claudia", "Zimmer, Thorbjorn", "Thiel, Verena", "Janke, Christian", "Guggemos, Wolfgang", "Seilmaier, Michael", "Drosten, Christian", "Vollmar, Patrick", "Zwirglmaier, Katrin", "Zange, Sabine", "Wolfel, Roman", "Hoelscher, Michael"], "date": "2020-02-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32003551", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32216132, "pmcid": "PMC7228324", "title": "Preventing the Spread of COVID-19 to Nursing Homes: Experience from a Singapore Geriatric Centre.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Tan, Li Feng", "Seetharaman, Santhosh"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216132", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345596, "title": "Covid-19: NHS will restart some paused services this week.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345596", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246787, "title": "Dealing with sleep problems during home confinement due to the COVID-19 outbreak: Practical recommendations from a task force of the European CBT-I Academy.", "journal": "J Sleep Res", "authors": ["Altena, Ellemarije", "Baglioni, Chiara", "Espie, Colin A", "Ellis, Jason", "Gavriloff, Dimitri", "Holzinger, Brigitte", "Schlarb, Angelika", "Frase, Lukas", "Jernelov, Susanna", "Riemann, Dieter"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246787", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the current global home confinement situation due to the COVID-19 outbreak, most individuals are exposed to an unprecedented stressful situation of unknown duration. This may not only increase daytime stress, anxiety and depression levels, but also disrupt sleep. Importantly, because of the fundamental role that sleep plays in emotion regulation, sleep disturbance can have direct consequences upon next day emotional functioning. In this paper, we summarize what is known about the stress-sleep link and confinement as well as effective insomnia treatment. We discuss those effects of the current home confinement situation that can disrupt sleep but also those that could benefit sleep quality. We suggest adaptions of cognitive behavioural therapy elements that are feasible to implement for those facing changed work schedules and requirements, those with health anxiety and those handling childcare and home-schooling, whilst also recognizing the general limitations imposed on physical exercise and social interaction. Managing sleep problems as best as possible during home confinement can limit stress and possibly prevent disruptions of social relationships."}, {"pmid": 32364920, "title": "A Case of Postoperative Covid-19 Infection After Cardiac Surgery: Lessons Learned.", "journal": "Heart Surg Forum", "authors": ["Rescigno, Giuseppe", "Firstenberg, Michael", "Rudez, Igor", "Uddin, Mauin", "Nagarajan, Kumar", "Nikolaidis, Nicholas"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364920", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the focus of the medical community is on the management of COVID-19 and its associated complex presentations, it is critical to recognize that patients will continue to present with other medical problems that require urgent therapeutic interventions. There is growing concern that such interventions might have an impact on the natural history of COVID-19. We present a case of a patient who presented with unstable angina and multivessel coronary artery disease for which coronary artery bypass surgery was indicated and performed. Unfortunately, he succumbed to respiratory complications attributed to COVID-19. Our experience suggests concern about adverse outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery who might be infected with COVID-19. Clearly, additional investigations and experience are needed."}, {"pmid": 32422938, "title": "Fast Mass-Production of Medical Safety Shields under COVID-19 Quarantine: Optimizing the Use of University Fabrication Facilities and Volunteer Labor.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Kalyaev, Vladimir", "Salimon, Alexey I", "Korsunsky, Alexander M"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422938", "countries": ["Russian Federation"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic provoked a number of restrictive measures, such as the closure or severe restriction of border transit for international trading traffic, quarantines and self-isolation. This caused a series of interrelated consequences that not only prevent or slow down the spread of disease, but also impact the medical systems' capability to treat the patients and help their recovery. In particular, steeply growing demand for medical safety goods cannot be satisfied by regular suppliers due to the shortage of raw materials originating from other countries or remotely located national sources, under conditions of quarantined manpower. The current context inevitably brings back memories (and records!) of the situation 80 years ago, when WWII necessitated major effort directed at the rapid build-up of low-cost mass production to satisfy all aspects of war-time need. In the present short report we document a successful case of fast mass-production of light transparent medical safety face shields (thousands per day) realized in Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech) at Fablab and Machine Shop Shared Facility (Skoltech FabLab). The demand for safety face shields by tens of hospitals in Moscow and other cities rapidly ramped up due to the need to protect medical staff during patient collection and transportation to hospitals, and within both the infected (\"red\") and uninfected (\"green\") zones. Materials selection for sterilizable transparent materials was conducted based on the analysis of merit indices, namely, minimal weight at given stiffness and minimal cost at given stiffness. Due to the need for permanent wear, design was motivated by low weight and comfortable head fixation, along with high production efficiency. The selection of minimal tooling in University fabrication workshops and the use of distributed volunteer labor are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32445671, "pmcid": "PMC7240255", "title": "Can Ticagrelor be used to prevent sepsis-induced coagulopathy in COVID-19?", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Omarjee, Loukman", "Meilhac, Olivier", "Perrot, Frederique", "Janin, Anne", "Mahe, Guillaume"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445671", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320066, "pmcid": "PMC7264535", "title": "The emergence of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease and their neuroinvasive propensity may affect in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Yashavantha Rao, H C", "Jayabaskaran, Chelliah"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320066", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection has recently emerged and rapidly spreading in humans causing a significant threat to international health and the economy. Rapid assessment and warning are crucial for an outbreak analysis in response to serious public health. SARS-CoV-2 shares highly homological sequences with SARS-CoVs causing highly lethal pneumonia with respiratory distress and clinical symptoms similar to those reported for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections. Notably, some COVID-19 patients also expressed neurologic signs like nausea, headache, and vomiting. Several studies have reported that coronaviruses are not only causing respiratory illness but also invade the central nervous system through a synapse-connected route. SARS-CoV infections are reported in both patients and experimental animals' brains. Interestingly, some COVID-19 patients have shown the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in their cerebrospinal fluid. Considering the similarities between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 in various aspects, it remains to clarify whether the potent invasion of SARS-CoV-2 may affect in COVID-19 patients. All these indicate that more detailed criteria are needed for the treatment and the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. In the absence of potential interventions for COVID-19, there is an urgent need for an alternative strategy to control the spread of this disease."}, {"pmid": 32321407, "title": "Hispidin and Lepidine E: two Natural Compounds and Folic acid as Potential Inhibitors of 2019-novel coronavirus Main Protease (2019-nCoVMpro), molecular docking and SAR study.", "journal": "Curr Comput Aided Drug Des", "authors": ["Serseg, Talia", "Benarous, Khedidja", "Yousfi, Mohamed"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321407", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "2019-nCoVis a novel coronavirus was isolated and identified in 2019 in Wuhan, China. On 17 February and according to the world health organization, a number of 71 429 confirmed cases worldwide, among them 2162 new cases recorded in the last 24 hours. One month later the confirmed cases jumped to 179111, with 11525new cases in the last 24 hours, with 7426total deaths. There is no drug or vaccine for humanand animal coronavirus.The inhibition of 3CL hydrolase enzyme provides a promising therapeutic principle for developing treatments against CoViD-19.The 3CLpro (Mpro) known for involving in counteracting the host innate immune response.Thiswork presents the inhibitory effect of some natural compounds against 3CL hydrolase enzyme, and explain the main interactions in inhibitor-enzyme complex. Molecular docking study carried out using Autodock Vina. By screening several molecules, we identified three candidate agents that inhibit the main protease of coronavirus. Hispidin, lepidine E,and folic acid bound tightly in the enzyme, strong hydrogen bonds have been formed (1.69-1.80\u00c5) with the active site residues.This study provides a possible therapeutic strategy for CoViD-19."}, {"pmid": 32444255, "pmcid": "PMC7236695", "title": "The Response of the UK Clinical Oncology Community to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)", "authors": ["Lewis, P J", "Roques, T W"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444255", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320031, "pmcid": "PMC7188134", "title": "Immune-mediated mechanism in coronavirus fulminant myocarditis.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Wei, Xin", "Fang, Yuan", "Hu, Hongde"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320031", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32100979, "title": "[Health management of breast cancer patients outside the hospital during the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease].", "journal": "Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi", "authors": ["Liu, B L", "Ma, F", "Wang, J N", "Fan, Y", "Mo, H N", "Xu, B H"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32100979", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly. In order to prevent cluster outbreaks, the government strengthened the management and control of personnel mobility, which had a great impact on the examination and treatment of breast cancer patients. This paper discusses how to realize scientific health management of breast cancer patients outside the hospital based on the existing epidemic situation, characteristics of breast cancer patients and public health safety factors. The breast cancer patients should synthetically consider the epidemic prevention situation of inhabitance, the disease stage and previous therapeutic schedule to decide the next therapeutic schedule. If necessary, after professional discussion and communication between doctors and patients online or offline, the hospital visiting time should be delayed through seeking alternative treatment schemes, and psychological counseling for patients should be paid attention to at the same time."}, {"pmid": 32499391, "title": "Covid-19: Lack of test and trace data are frustrating government scrutiny.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Griffin, Shaun"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499391", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366370, "title": "Covid-19: Coroners needn't investigate PPE policy failures in deaths of NHS staff, new guidance says.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Clare"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366370", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32284192, "pmcid": "PMC7135685", "title": "[Coronavirus and primary care].", "journal": "Aten Primaria", "authors": ["Llor, Carles", "Moragas, Ana"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284192", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349850, "pmcid": "PMC7235296", "title": "Supporting families in end-of-life care and bereavement in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Moore, K J", "Sampson, E L", "Kupeli, N", "Davies, N"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349850", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303711, "title": "COVID-19 Research in Brief: 11 April to 17 April, 2020.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Carvalho, Thiago"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303711", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342868, "pmcid": "PMC7195272", "title": "COVID-19, radiotherapy and cancer.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Sriwijitalai, Won", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342868", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328880, "pmcid": "PMC7179795", "title": "What happened to surgical emergencies in the era of COVID-19 outbreak? Considerations of surgeons working in an Italian COVID-19 red zone.", "journal": "Updates Surg", "authors": ["Patriti, Alberto", "Eugeni, Emilio", "Guerra, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328880", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491112, "title": "Does Vitamin D play a role in the management of Covid-19 in Brazil?", "journal": "Rev Saude Publica", "authors": ["Ribeiro, Helena", "Santana, Keila Valente de Souza de", "Oliver, Sofia Lizarralde", "Rondo, Patricia Helen de Carvalho", "Mendes, Marcela Moraes", "Charlton, Karen", "Lanham-New, Susan"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491112", "countries": ["Brazil", "Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The study discusses the possible role of adequate vitamin D status in plasma or serum for preventing acute respiratory infections during the Covid-19 pandemic. Our arguments respond to an article, published in Italy, that describes the high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in older Italian women and raises the possible preventive and therapeutic role of optimal vitamin D levels. Based on literature review, we highlight the findings regarding the protective role of vitamin D for infectious diseases of the respiratory system. However, randomized controlled trials are currently lacking. Adequate vitamin D status is obtained from sun exposure and foods rich in vitamin D. Studies in Brazil have shown that hypovitaminosis D is quite common in spite of high insolation. Authors recommend ecological, epidemiological and randomized controlled trials studies to verify this hypothesis."}, {"pmid": 32243205, "title": "The Variety of Cardiovascular Presentations of COVID-19.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Fried, Justin A", "Ramasubbu, Kumudha", "Bhatt, Reema", "Topkara, Veli K", "Clerkin, Kevin J", "Horn, Evelyn", "Rabbani, LeRoy", "Brodie, Daniel", "Jain, Sneha S", "Kirtane, Ajay J", "Masoumi, Amirali", "Takeda, Koji", "Kumaraiah, Deepa", "Burkhoff, Daniel", "Leon, Martin", "Schwartz, Allan", "Uriel, Nir", "Sayer, Gabriel"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243205", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341721, "pmcid": "PMC7181987", "title": "[Nosocomial infection with SARS-Cov-2 within Departments of Digestive Surgery].", "authors": ["Luong-Nguyen, Minh", "Hermand, Helene", "Abdalla, Solafah", "Cabrit, Nicolas", "Hobeika, Christian", "Brouquet, Antoine", "Goere, Diane", "Sauvanet, Alain"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341721", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic imposed a drastic reduction in surgical activity in order to respond to the influx of hospital patients and to protect uninfected patients by avoiding hospitalization. However, little is known about the risk of infection during hospitalization or its consequences. The aim of this work was to report a series of patients hospitalized on digestive surgery services who developed a nosocomial infection with SARS-Cov-2 virus. This is a non-interventional retrospective study carried out within three departments of digestive surgery. The clinical, biological and radiological data of the patients who developed a nosocomial infection with SARS-Cov-2 were collected from the computerized medical record. From March 1, 2020 to April 5, 2020, among 305 patients admitted to digestive surgery services, 15 (4.9%) developed evident nosocomial infection with SARS-Cov-2. There were nine men and six women, with a median age of 62 years (35-68 years). All patients had co-morbidities. The reasons for hospitalization were: surgical treatment of cancer (n = 5), complex emergencies (n = 5), treatment of complications linked to cancer or its treatment (n = 3), gastroplasty (n = 1), and stoma closure (n = 1). The median time from admission to diagnosis of SARS-Cov-2 infection was 34 days (5-61 days). In 12 patients (80%), the diagnosis was made after a hospital stay of more than 14 days (15-63 days). At the end of the follow-up, two patients had died, seven were hospitalized with two of them on respiratory assistance, and six patients were discharged post-hospitalization. The risk of SARS-Cov-2 infection during hospitalization or following digestive surgery is a real and potentially serious risk. Measures are necessary to minimize this risk in order to return to safe surgical activity."}, {"pmid": 32353114, "pmcid": "PMC7197595", "title": "Throat Wash Testing and COVID-19 Disease: Should We Put Our Money Where Our Mouth Is?", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ali, Farhana", "Sweeney, Daniel A"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353114", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500328, "pmcid": "PMC7272138", "title": "Inpatient Management of COVID-19 Pneumonia: a Practical Approach from the Hospitalist Perspective.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Cutler, Todd S", "Eisenberg, Nell", "Evans, Arthur T"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500328", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341913, "pmcid": "PMC7180678", "title": "Being a front-line dentist during the Covid-19 pandemic: a literature review.", "journal": "Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg", "authors": ["Fallahi, Hamid Reza", "Keyhan, Seied Omid", "Zandian, Dana", "Kim, Seong-Gon", "Cheshmi, Behzad"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341913", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus is an enveloped virus with positive-sense single-stranded RNA. Coronavirus infection in humans mainly affects the upper respiratory tract and to a lesser extent the gastrointestinal tract. Clinical symptoms of coronavirus infections can range from relatively mild (similar to the common cold) to severe (bronchitis, pneumonia, and renal involvement). The disease caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was called Covid-19 by the World Health Organization in February 2020. Face-to-face communication and consistent exposure to body fluids such as blood and saliva predispose dental care workers at serious risk for 2019-nCoV infection. As demonstrated by the recent coronavirus outbreak, information is not enough. During dental practice, blood and saliva can be scattered. Accordingly, dental practice can be a potential risk for dental staff, and there is a high risk of cross-infection. This article addresses all information collected to date on the virus, in accordance with the guidelines of international health care institutions, and provides a comprehensive protocol for managing possible exposure to patients or those suspected of having coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32437497, "pmcid": "PMC7243161", "title": "Postmortem Examination of Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Schaller, Tina", "Hirschbuhl, Klaus", "Burkhardt, Katrin", "Braun, Georg", "Trepel, Martin", "Markl, Bruno", "Claus, Rainer"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437497", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449428, "title": "COVID-19 and lockdown: living in 'interesting times'.", "journal": "J Wound Care", "authors": ["Webb, Rachel"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449428", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32245083, "pmcid": "PMC7157541", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and Coronavirus Disease 2019: What We Know So Far.", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Rabi, Firas A", "Al Zoubi, Mazhar S", "Kasasbeh, Ghena A", "Salameh, Dunia M", "Al-Nasser, Amjad D"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245083", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a cluster of fatal pneumonia cases presented in Wuhan, China. They were caused by a previously unknown coronavirus. All patients had been associated with the Wuhan Wholefood market, where seafood and live animals are sold. The virus spread rapidly and public health authorities in China initiated a containment effort. However, by that time, travelers had carried the virus to many countries, sparking memories of the previous coronavirus epidemics, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and causing widespread media attention and panic. Based on clinical criteria and available serological and molecular information, the new disease was called coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), and the novel coronavirus was called SARS Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), emphasizing its close relationship to the 2002 SARS virus (SARS-CoV). The scientific community raced to uncover the origin of the virus, understand the pathogenesis of the disease, develop treatment options, define the risk factors, and work on vaccine development. Here we present a summary of current knowledge regarding the novel coronavirus and the disease it causes."}, {"pmid": 32491101, "pmcid": "PMC7269523", "title": "War economy and the COVID-19 pandemic: Inequalities in stimulus packages as an additional challenge for health systems.", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Souza, Carlos Dornels Freire de"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491101", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336685, "title": "Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) With Relevance to Pediatrics.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Unni, Jeeson C"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336685", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418489, "title": "Cardiac patient care during a pandemic: how to reorganise a heart failure unit at the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Agostoni, Piergiuseppe", "Mapelli, Massimo", "Conte, Edoardo", "Baggiano, Andrea", "Assanelli, Emilio", "Apostolo, Anna", "Alimento, Marina", "Berna, Giovanni", "Guglielmo, Marco", "Muratori, Manuela", "Susini, Francesca", "Palermo, Pietro", "Pezzuto, Beatrice", "Salvioni, Elisabetta", "Sudati, Anna", "Vignati, Carlo", "Merlino, Luca"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418489", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To date, the pandemic spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has involved over 100 countries in a matter of weeks, and Italy suffers from almost 1/3 of the dead cases worldwide. In this report, we show the strategies adopted to face the emergency at Centro Cardiologico Monzino, a mono-specialist cardiology hospital sited in the region of Italy most affected by the pandemic, and specifically we describe how we have progressively modified in a few weeks the organization of our Heart Failure Unit in order to cope with the new COVID-19 outbreak. In fact, on the background of the pandemic, cardiovascular diseases still occur frequently in the general population, but we observed consistent reduction in hospital admissions for acute cardiovascular events and a dramatic increase of late presentation acute myocardial infarction. Despite a reduction of healthcare workers number, our ward has been rearranged in order to take care of both COVID-19 and cardiovascular patients. In particular according to a triple step procedure we divided admitted patients in confirmed, suspected and excluded cases (respectively allocated in \"red\", \"pink\" and \"green\" separated areas). Due to the absence of definite guidelines, our aim was to describe our strategy in facing the current emergency, in order to reorganize our hospital in a dynamic and proactive manner. To quote the famous Italian writer Alessandro Manzoni 'It is less bad to be agitated in doubt than to rest in error.'"}, {"pmid": 32345630, "pmcid": "PMC7213878", "title": "Correction: Insights from immuno-oncology: the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer Statement on access to IL-6-targeting therapies for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Immunother Cancer", "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345630", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364123, "pmcid": "PMC7177091", "title": "Guillain-Barre syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Neurologia", "authors": ["Velayos Galan, A", "Del Saz Saucedo, P", "Peinado Postigo, F", "Botia Paniagua, E"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364123", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361326, "title": "Current studies of convalescent plasma therapy for COVID-19 may underestimate risk of antibody-dependent enhancement.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Fleming, Andrew B", "Raabe, Vanessa"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361326", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498115, "title": "COVID-19: Lessons to be learnt from a once-in-a-century global pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Cruickshank, Marilyn", "Shaban, Ramon Z"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498115", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The year 2020 will mark a once-in-a-century global event: the outbreak and pandemic of COVID-19. On the 31 December 2019 the World Health Organization (WHO) reported a cluster of pneumonia-like cases of a novel coronavirus zoonosis in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. The outbreak was due to a new or novel coronavirus, which would later be called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)."}, {"pmid": 32468942, "title": "A matter of time: duration and choice of venous thromboprophylaxis in patients diagnosed with COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Hosp Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Kumar, Poornima", "Mediwake, Rapti", "Rhead, Camilla"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468942", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463454, "title": "Alterations in smell or taste - Classic COVID-19?", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Trubiano, Jason A", "Vogrin, Sara", "Kwong, Jason C", "Homes, Natasha"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463454", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361744, "pmcid": "PMC7197584", "title": "Development and validation of a UHPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of the prodrug remdesivir and its metabolite GS-441524: a tool for clinical pharmacokinetics of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and Ebola virus disease.", "journal": "J Antimicrob Chemother", "authors": ["Avataneo, Valeria", "de Nicolo, Amedeo", "Cusato, Jessica", "Antonucci, Miriam", "Manca, Alessandra", "Palermiti, Alice", "Waitt, Catriona", "Walimbwa, Stephen", "Lamorde, Mohammed", "di Perri, Giovanni", "D'Avolio, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361744", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Remdesivir has received significant attention for its potential application in the treatment of COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2. Remdesivir has already been tested for Ebola virus disease treatment and found to have activity against SARS and MERS coronaviruses. The remdesivir core contains GS-441524, which interferes with RNA-dependent RNA polymerases alone. In non-human primates, following IV administration, remdesivir is rapidly distributed into PBMCs and converted within 2\u2009h to the active nucleoside triphosphate form, while GS-441524 is detectable in plasma for up to 24\u2009h. Nevertheless, remdesivir pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in humans are still unexplored, highlighting the need for a precise analytical method for remdesivir and GS-441524 quantification. The validation of a reliable UHPLC-MS/MS method for remdesivir and GS-441524 quantification in human plasma. Remdesivir and GS-441524 standards and quality controls were prepared in plasma from healthy donors. Sample preparation consisted of protein precipitation, followed by dilution and injection into the QSight 220 UHPLC-MS/MS system. Chromatographic separation was obtained through an Acquity HSS T3 1.8\u2009\u03bcm, 2.1\u205f\u00d7\u205f50\u2009mm column, with a gradient of water and acetonitrile with 0.05% formic acid. The method was validated using EMA and FDA guidelines. Analyte stability has been evaluated and described in detail. The method successfully fulfilled the validation process and it was demonstrated that, when possible, sample thermal inactivation could be a good choice in order to improve biosafety. This method represents a useful tool for studying remdesivir and GS-441524 clinical pharmacokinetics, particularly during the current COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32512352, "title": "Affective psychosis after COVID-19 infection in a previously healthy patient: a case report.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Correa-Palacio, Andres F", "Hernandez-Huerta, Daniel", "Gomez-Arnau, Jorge", "Loeck, Carmen", "Caballero, Irene"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512352", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371561, "title": "Pulmonary function testing precautions in a time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Ramos, Jose Angel"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371561", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, Cleveland Clinic has put in place several pulmonary function testing precautions to reduce the risk of infection. Precautions include efforts to perform only essential testing, wear personal protective equipment, reduce exposure to aerosolized particles, manage virtually by phone conference, conserve scare medications, clean equipment as recommended, consolidate testing, and defer testing."}, {"pmid": 32339555, "pmcid": "PMC7194676", "title": "Adapting Urology Residency Training in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Kwon, Young Suk", "Tabakin, Alexandra L", "Patel, Hiren V", "Backstrand, Jeffrey R", "Jang, Thomas L", "Kim, Isaac Y", "Singer, Eric A"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339555", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393394, "pmcid": "PMC7212512", "title": "The use of internet analytics by a Canadian provincial chiropractic regulator to monitor, evaluate and remediate misleading claims regarding specific health conditions, pregnancy, and COVID-19.", "journal": "Chiropr Man Therap", "authors": ["Kawchuk, Greg", "Hartvigsen, Jan", "Innes, Stan", "Simpson, J Keith", "Gushaty, Brian"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393394", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Internet analytics are increasingly being integrated into public health regulation. One specific application is to monitor compliance of website and social media activity with respect to jurisdictional regulations. These data may then identify breaches of compliance and inform disciplinary actions. Our study aimed to evaluate the novel use of internet analytics by a Canadian chiropractic regulator to determine their registrants compliance with three regulations related to specific health conditions, pregnancy conditions and most recently, claims of improved immunity during the COVID-19 crisis. A customized internet search tool (Market Review Tool, MRT) was used by the College of Chiropractors of British Columbia (CCBC), Canada to audit registrants websites and social media activity. The audits extracted words whose use within specific contexts is not permitted under CCBC guidelines. The MRT was first used in October of 2018 to identify words related to specific health conditions. The MRT was again used in December 2019 for words related to pregnancy and most recently in March 2020 for words related to COVID-19. In these three MRT applications, potential cases of word misuse were evaluated by the regulator who then notified the practitioner to comply with existing regulations by a specific date. The MRT was then used on that date to determine compliance. Those found to be non-compliant were referred to the regulator's inquiry committee. We mapped this process and reported the outcomes with permission of the regulator. In September 2018, 250 inappropriate mentions of specific health conditions were detected from approximately 1250 registrants with 2 failing to comply. The second scan for pregnancy related terms of approximately1350 practitioners revealed 83 inappropriate mentions. Following notification, all 83 cases were compliant within the specified timeframe. Regarding COVID-19 related words, 97 inappropriate mentions of the word \"immune\" were detected from 1350 registrants with 7 cases of non-compliance. Internet analytics are an effective way for regulators to monitor internet activity to protect the public from misleading statements. The processes described were effective at bringing about rapid practitioner compliance. Given the increasing volume of internet activity by healthcare professionals, internet analytics are an important addition for health care regulators to protect the public they serve."}, {"pmid": 32354367, "pmcid": "PMC7191969", "title": "Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) as an early predictor of severe respiratory failure in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Rovina, Nikoletta", "Akinosoglou, Karolina", "Eugen-Olsen, Jesper", "Hayek, Salim", "Reiser, Jochen", "Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354367", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32215618, "pmcid": "PMC7184514", "title": "Self-reported olfactory and taste disorders in SARS-CoV-2 patients: a cross-sectional study.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Giacomelli, Andrea", "Pezzati, Laura", "Conti, Federico", "Bernacchia, Dario", "Siano, Matteo", "Oreni, Letizia", "Rusconi, Stefano", "Gervasoni, Cristina", "Ridolfo, Anna Lisa", "Rizzardini, Giuliano", "Antinori, Spinello", "Galli, Massimo"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215618", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347997, "pmcid": "PMC7267493", "title": "Self-removing passive drain to facilitate postoperative care via telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Qualliotine, Jesse R", "Orosco, Ryan K"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347997", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Telehealth postoperative visits are an attractive strategy to minimize exposure, especially during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. The use of a surgical drain often prevents this minimal-exposure approach in that patients return to the outpatient clinic for drain removal. Following unilateral neck dissection, the customary closed-suction drain was replaced with a self-removing, passive drain dressing to facilitate same-day discharge and telehealth postoperative follow-up. The patient removed the dressing and drain at home during a telehealth visit on postoperative day 4 and she healed favorably without any signs of infection or seroma. When thoughtfully applied in the appropriate clinical context, small practice adaptations like this can facilitate telehealth solutions that diminish unnecessary exposure for patients, their caregivers, and health care staff."}, {"pmid": 32458396, "pmcid": "PMC7250584", "title": "Adjusting to the COVID-19 pandemic: challenges and opportunities of frontline colorectal cancer teams in the UK.", "journal": "Int J Colorectal Dis", "authors": ["Aseem, Rabiya", "Warren, Oliver", "Mills, Sarah", "Smith, Jason", "Pawa, Nikhil"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458396", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366174, "title": "Sustaining Otolaryngology Services for the Long Haul during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience from a Tertiary Health System.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Tay, Joshua K", "Lim, Wei Sian", "Loh, Woei Shyang", "Loh, Kwok Seng"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366174", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been far-reaching and has profoundly affected the practice of otolaryngology in an unprecedented way. In this commentary, we draw from our experience in the first 90 days of the pandemic and discuss a set of workflow measures, personal protection equipment protocols, and strategic goals that can provide a safe environment for patients and staff to continue managing a significant proportion of patients in the otolaryngology service during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32373652, "pmcid": "PMC7197306", "title": "Management of Advanced Therapies in Parkinson's Disease Patients in Times of Humanitarian Crisis: The COVID-19 Experience.", "journal": "Mov Disord Clin Pract", "authors": ["Fasano, Alfonso", "Antonini, Angelo", "Katzenschlager, Regina", "Krack, Paul", "Odin, Per", "Evans, Andrew H", "Foltynie, Thomas", "Volkmann, Jens", "Merello, Marcelo"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373652", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting a relatively small proportion of the global population, its effects have already reached everyone. The pandemic has the potential to differentially disadvantage chronically ill patients, including those with Parkinson's disease (PD). The first health care reaction has been to limit access to clinics and neurology wards to preserve fragile patients with PD from being infected. In some regions, the shortage of medical staff has also forced movement disorders neurologists to provide care for patients with COVID-19. To share the experience of various movement disorder neurologists operating in different world regions and provide a common approach to patients with PD, with a focus on those already on advanced therapies, which may serve as guidance in the current pandemic and for emergency situations that we may face in the future. Most of us were unprepared to deal with this condition given that in many health care systems, telemedicine has been only marginally available or only limited to email or telephone contacts. In addition, to ensure sufficient access to intensive care unit beds, most elective procedures (including deep brain stimulation or the initiation of infusion therapies) have been postponed. We all hope there will soon be a time when we will return to more regular hospital schedules. However, we should consider this crisis as an opportunity to change our approach and encourage our hospitals and health care systems to facilitate the remote management of chronic neurological patients, including those with advanced PD."}, {"pmid": 32390064, "pmcid": "PMC7211267", "title": "COVID-19 in older adults.", "journal": "Aging Clin Exp Res", "authors": ["Nanda, Aman", "Vura, Naga Venkata Rama Krishna", "Gravenstein, Stefan"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390064", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The advent of the SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 pandemic has generated a lot of publications at a rapid pace. We know that older adults disproportionately suffer the most severe of COVID outcomes. Here we attempt to coalesce the key knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 biology to the disease and clinical care concepts in the context of older adults."}, {"pmid": 32442545, "pmcid": "PMC7237360", "title": "Protecting patients with IBD during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Fiorino, Gionata", "Peyrin-Biroulet, Laurent", "Danese, Silvio"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442545", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437597, "title": "Covid-19, Angiogenesis, and ARDS Endotypes.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Hariri, Lida", "Hardin, C Corey"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437597", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462352, "pmcid": "PMC7253228", "title": "Using Telehealth Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Med Syst", "authors": ["Bryant, M S", "Fedson, S E", "Sharafkhaneh, A"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462352", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426074, "pmcid": "PMC7233241", "title": "Letter to the Editor \"Virtual Neurosurgery Clerkship for Medical Students\".", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Dawoud, Reem A", "Philbrick, Brandon", "McMahon, J Tanner", "Douglas, J Miller", "Bhatia, Neil", "Faraj, Razan", "Greven, Alex", "Buster, Bryan", "Rindler, Rima S", "Laxpati, Nealen G", "Gary, Matthew F"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426074", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305569, "pmcid": "PMC7162774", "title": "Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a Patient on Durable Left Ventricular Assist Device Support.", "journal": "J Card Fail", "authors": ["Singh, Rajat", "Domenico, Christopher", "Rao, Sriram D", "Urgo, Kimberly", "Prenner, Stuart B", "Wald, Joyce W", "Atluri, Pavan", "Birati, Edo Y"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305569", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505723, "title": "Radiotherapy for COVID-19: Primum non nocere.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Boon, Ian S", "Yong, Tracy P T Au", "Boon, Cheng S"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505723", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422288, "pmcid": "PMC7227555", "title": "Endovascular Treatment of a Ruptured Pararenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in a Patient With Coronavirus Disease-2019: Suggestions and Case Report.", "journal": "Ann Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Rinaldi, Luigi Federico", "Marazzi, Giulia", "Marone, Enrico Maria"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422288", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this report is to discuss emergent repair for complex aortic diseases in patients affected by novel coronavirus pneumonia (coronavirus disease-2019 [COVID-19]), describing a case of ruptured pararenal aortic aneurysm. An eighty-year-old man with COVID-19 was admitted for ruptured aneurysm of the pararenal aorta and hemorrhagic shock. Endovascular repair was chosen, and a proximal extension of the previous abdominal endograft was performed with parallel stents in the right renal artery and the superior mesenteric artery. Endovascular treatment and early anticoagulation are the key for success for vascular emergencies in patients with COVID-19, despite the risk of late endoleak."}, {"pmid": 32387029, "pmcid": "PMC7196376", "title": "The Kerala Model of health care delivery and its impact on Oral cancer care during the COVID 19 pandemic.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Varghese, Bipin T"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387029", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527597, "title": "A student nurse in the MICU: Leveraging unexpected leadership on the frontlines of COVID-19.", "journal": "Nurs Outlook", "authors": ["Newell, Emily G"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527597", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352175, "pmcid": "PMC7267658", "title": "COVID 19-A message from Italy to the global nursing community.", "journal": "J Adv Nurs", "authors": ["Bagnasco, Annamaria", "Zanini, Milko", "Hayter, Mark", "Catania, Gianluca", "Sasso, Loredana"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352175", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515367, "title": "COVID-19 National Pakistan Guidelines: Radiological Society of Pakistan (RSP) Recommendations Regarding Utilisation of Chest Imaging.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Khan, Aman Nawaz", "Din, Najam Ud", "Umer, Ummara Siddique"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515367", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381522, "pmcid": "PMC7246108", "title": "A rationale and framework for seeking remote electronic or phone consent approval in endovascular stroke trials - special relevance in the COVID-19 environment and beyond.", "journal": "J Neurointerv Surg", "authors": ["Rai, Ansaar T", "Frei, Donald"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381522", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Enrollment in time-sensitive endovascular stroke trials can be challenging because of an inability to consent a debilitated patient. Often the legally authorized representative is not on site. Remote consent procedures in the US are inconsistent with the majority of sites shunning these approaches. The current pandemic with visitor restrictions highlights the need for enhancing these options. Remote electronic and phone consent procedures specifically for endovascular stroke trials from two comprehensive stroke centers (CSC) are presented. An overview of the genesis of informed consent procedures in the US is also included. The two CSCs identified as Institution-1 and Institution-2 are large tertiary systems. Institution-1 is a non-profit university-affiliated academic medical center in rural geography. Institution-2 is an HCA hospital in an urban environment. Both serve patients through a spoke-and-hub network, have participated in multiple randomized endovascular stroke trials, and have successfully used these remote options for enrollment. A tiered approach is employed at both institutions with an emphasis on obtaining informed consent in person and resorting to alternatives methods when efforts to that are unsuccessful. A rationale for electronic and phone consent is included, followed by step-by-step illustration of the process at each institution. Two examples of remote electronic or phone consent procedures from institutions in different geographic environments and organization structures demonstrate that these options can be successfully used for enrollment in stroke trials. The current pandemic highlights the need to enhance these approaches while maintaining appropriate adherence to ethical and legal frameworks."}, {"pmid": 32404376, "pmcid": "PMC7228456", "title": "Hypogeusia as the initial presenting symptom of COVID-19.", "journal": "BMJ Case Rep", "authors": ["Melley, Lauren E", "Bress, Eli", "Polan, Erik"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404376", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is the disease caused by the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which first arose in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and has since been declared a pandemic. The clinical sequelae vary from mild, self-limiting upper respiratory infection symptoms to severe respiratory distress, acute cardiopulmonary arrest and death. Otolaryngologists around the globe have reported a significant number of mild or otherwise asymptomatic patients with COVID-19 presenting with olfactory dysfunction. We present a case of COVID-19 resulting in intensive care unit (ICU) admission, presenting with the initial symptom of disrupted taste and flavour perception prior to respiratory involvement. After 4\u2009days in the ICU and 6\u2009days on the general medicine floor, our patient regained a majority of her sense of smell and was discharged with only lingering dysgeusia. In this paper, we review existing literature and the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 in relation to the reported symptoms of hyposmia, hypogeusia and dysgeusia."}, {"pmid": 32433356, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery in University Hospitals in Germany: Results of a Nationwide Survey.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Haffer, Henryk", "Schomig, Friederike", "Rickert, Markus", "Randau, Thomas", "Raschke, Michael", "Wirtz, Dieter", "Pumberger, Matthias", "Perka, Carsten"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433356", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of the present study was to assess the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on orthopaedic and trauma surgery departments in university hospitals in Germany in order to clarify current challenges. In this cross-sectional study, an online-based anonymous survey was conducted within the Convention of University Professors of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery in Germany from April 3 to April 11, 2020. A bipolar 5-point Likert scale (with possible responses of \"totally disagree,\" \"rather disagree,\" \"neutral,\" \"rather agree,\" and \"totally agree\") was applied. Fifty-two (69.3%) of 75 clinic directors participated. Communication and cooperation with the government, hospital administration, and other departments during the COVID-19 pandemic were mainly perceived as appropriate. However, only 7 respondents (13.7%) totally agreed or rather agreed with the statement that the authorities are supporters of orthopaedic and trauma surgery departments. Substantial financial and personnel changes in orthopaedic and trauma surgery departments of university hospitals were reported, resulting in an average reduction of 49.4% in operating room capacity and an expected 29.3% loss of revenue. In addition, 14.7% of physicians were reallocated from orthopaedic and trauma surgery to other care-delivery environments. Our study demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial impact on orthopaedic and trauma surgery departments in German university hospitals. Distinct structural and financial effects were noted. Nevertheless, the present study demonstrates the commitment of our specialty to overcome the pandemic by providing competent personnel as well as close cooperation with the hospital administration and other departments. To our knowledge, this is the first Germany-wide survey among the heads of orthopaedic and trauma surgery departments in university hospitals on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey results may help to inform system-wide decision-making in Germany, in Europe, and beyond."}, {"pmid": 32324625, "title": "Estimating the Size of a COVID-19 Epidemic from Surveillance Systems.", "journal": "Epidemiology", "authors": ["Yue, Mu", "Clapham, Hannah E", "Cook, Alex R"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324625", "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Public health policy makers in countries with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks face the decision of when to switch from measures that seek to contain and eliminate the outbreak to those designed to mitigate its effects. Estimates of epidemic size are complicated by surveillance systems that cannot capture all cases, and by the need for timely estimates as the epidemic is ongoing. This article provides a Bayesian methodology to estimate outbreak size from one or more surveillance systems such as virologic testing of pneumonia cases or samples from a network of general practitioners."}, {"pmid": 32476778, "pmcid": "PMC7235590", "title": "Orthopaedic Walk-In Clinics: A model to lessen the burden on Emergency Departments during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Orthop", "authors": ["MacKechnie, Madeline C", "Nadeau, Molly", "Deering, Ericka", "Thaller, John", "MacKechnie, Michael A"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476778", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Operating duties for orthopaedic surgeons decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, while Emergency Department (ED) cases surged. Orthopaedic Walk-In Clinics (OWICs) were implemented to manage urgent musculoskeletal cases. OWICs, organized in three days, were staffed by one orthopaedic surgeon, one triage person, three medical assistants, and a physician assistant/nurse practitioner. Musculoskeletal non-emergency ED referrals decreased by 40.6% (p\u00a0<\u00a00.001) after initiation of the OWICs, allowing optimal use of resources to address the COVID-19 surge. This paper describes the OWIC model and its preliminary impact. The OWICs could serve as a template for other orthopaedic departments during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32430402, "pmcid": "PMC7246101", "title": "Could severe COVID-19 be considered a complementopathy?", "journal": "Lupus Sci Med", "authors": ["Chatzidionysiou, Katerina", "Svenungsson, Elisabet", "Faustini, Francesca"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430402", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399452, "pmcid": "PMC7213830", "title": "Co-infection with Influenza A and COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Konala, Venu Madhav", "Adapa, Sreedhar", "Gayam, Vijay", "Naramala, Srikanth", "Daggubati, Subba Rao", "Kammari, Chetan Brahma", "Chenna, Avantika"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399452", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, also called severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), originated in Wuhan, China. It has caused significant morbidity and mortality worldwide and has been declared a global pandemic by the WHO. Influenza occurs mainly during the winter, with the burden of disease determined by several factors, including the effectiveness of the vaccine that season, the characteristics of the circulating viruses, and how long the season lasts. We describe the case of a 66-year-old woman who was diagnosed with influenza A and COVID-19 co-infection. COVID-19 can co-occur with other viral infections.Some of these co-infections have active treatments, while supportive treatment is the mainstay of treatment for others."}, {"pmid": 32294051, "title": "Triplex Real-Time RT-PCR for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Waggoner, Jesse J", "Stittleburg, Victoria", "Pond, Renee", "Saklawi, Youssef", "Sahoo, Malaya K", "Babiker, Ahmed", "Hussaini, Laila", "Kraft, Colleen S", "Pinsky, Benjamin A", "Anderson, Evan J", "Rouphael, Nadine"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294051", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Most reverse transcription PCR protocols for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) include 2-3 targets for detection. We developed a triplex, real-time reverse transcription PCR for SARS-CoV-2 that maintained clinical performance compared with singleplex assays. This protocol could streamline detection and decrease reagent use during current high SARS-CoV-2 testing demands."}, {"pmid": 32389524, "pmcid": "PMC7192092", "title": "How technology can help in oncologic patient management during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Eur J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Mercantini, Paolo", "Lucarini, Alessio", "Mazzuca, Federica", "Osti, Mattia Falchetto", "Laghi, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389524", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378647, "title": "Treat 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) with IL-6 inhibitor: Are we already that far?", "journal": "Drug Discov Ther", "authors": ["Zhang, Yuanyuan", "Zhong, Yanyan", "Pan, Lin", "Dong, Jing"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378647", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is in the midst of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) inhibitor (tocilizumab) had been suggested for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients based on the concept of \"cytokine storm\" in COVID-19. However, we still lack reliable studies to verify \"cytokine storm\" in COVID-19 pneumonia. Furthermore, IL-6 inhibitor has potential hazards of inducing infectious diseases. The efficacy of IL-6 monoclonal antibody-directed therapy remains to be fully evaluated."}, {"pmid": 32104726, "pmcid": "PMC7029402", "title": "The 2019 Novel Coronavirus: A Crown Jewel of Pandemics?", "journal": "J Crit Care Med (Targu Mures)", "authors": ["Azamfirei, Razvan"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32104726", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453903, "title": "Efficacy of therapeutic plasma exchange in severe COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Zhang, Li", "Zhai, Hui", "Ma, Shasha", "Chen, Jiasheng", "Gao, Yu"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453903", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405141, "pmcid": "PMC7218395", "title": "Comment on \"Practice Recommendations for Risk-Adapted Head and Neck Cancer Radiotherapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An ASTRO-ESTRO Consensus Statement\".", "journal": "Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys", "authors": ["Gupta, Tejpal", "Agarwal, Jai Prakash", "Bentzen, Soren M"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405141", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447441, "pmcid": "PMC7245176", "title": "Correction to: COVID-19 outbreak situation and its psychological impact among surgeons in training in France.", "journal": "World J Urol", "authors": ["Abdessater, Maher", "Roupret, Morgan", "Misrai, Vincent", "Pinar, Ugo", "Matillon, Xavier", "Gondran-Tellier, Bastien", "Freton, Lucas", "Vallee, Maxime", "Dominique, Ines", "Felber, Margaux", "Khene, Zine-Eddine", "Fortier, Edouard", "Lannes, Francois", "Michiels, Clement", "Grevez, Tristan", "Szabla, Nicolas", "Bardet, Florian", "Kaulanjan, Kevin", "Seizilles de Mazancourt, Emilien", "Ploussard, Guillaume", "Pradere, Benjamin"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447441", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the original publication of the article, the first and last name of the first author were interchanged. The correct name of the author should be as given below."}, {"pmid": 32159775, "pmcid": "PMC7066521", "title": "Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Types of Clinical Specimens.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Wang, Wenling", "Xu, Yanli", "Gao, Ruqin", "Lu, Roujian", "Han, Kai", "Wu, Guizhen", "Tan, Wenjie"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32159775", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448895, "title": "IBD in the Times of COVID-19.", "journal": "Inflamm Bowel Dis", "authors": ["Hernandez Benabe, Stefany", "Langshaw, Amber H"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448895", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513797, "title": "Suramin inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection in cell culture by interfering with early steps of the replication cycle.", "journal": "Antimicrob Agents Chemother", "authors": ["da Silva, Clarisse Salgado Benvindo", "Thaler, Melissa", "Tas, Ali", "Ogando, Natacha S", "Bredenbeek, Peter J", "Ninaber, Dennis K", "Wang, Ying", "Hiemstra, Pieter S", "Snijder, Eric J", "van Hemert, Martijn J"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513797", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic that originated from Wuhan, China, in December 2019 has impacted public health, society and economy and the daily lives of billions of people in an unprecedented manner. There are currently no specific registered antiviral drugs to treat or prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections. Therefore, drug repurposing would be the fastest route to provide at least a temporary solution while better, more specific drugs are being developed. Here we demonstrate that the antiparasitic drug suramin inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication, protecting Vero E6 cells with an EC50 of \u223c20 \u03bcM, which is well below the maximum attainable level in human serum. Suramin also decreased the viral load by 2-3 logs when Vero E6 cells or cells of a human lung epithelial cell line (Calu-3) were treated. Time of addition and plaque reduction assays performed on Vero E6 cells showed that suramin acts on early steps of the replication cycle, possibly preventing binding or entry of the virus. In a primary human airway epithelial cell culture model, suramin also inhibited the progression of infection. The results of our preclinical study warrant further investigation and suggest it is worth evaluating whether suramin provides any benefit for COVID-19 patients, which obviously requires safety studies and well-designed, properly controlled randomized clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32402764, "pmcid": "PMC7252080", "title": "Caring for older patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Young International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG) global perspective.", "journal": "J Geriatr Oncol", "authors": ["Desideri, Isacco", "Pilleron, Sophie", "Battisti, Nicolo Matteo Luca", "Gomes, Fabio", "de Glas, Nienke", "Neuendorff, Nina Rosa", "Liposits, Gabor", "Paredero-Perez, Irene", "Lok, Wendy Chan Wing", "Loh, Kah Poh", "DuMontier, Clark", "Mian, Hira", "Soto-Perez-de-Celis, Enrique"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402764", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected millions of people in over 180 territories, causing a significant impact on healthcare systems globally. Older adults, as well as people living with cancer, appear to be particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 related morbidity and mortality, which means that older adults with cancer are an especially high-risk population. This has led to significant changes in the way geriatric oncologists provide care to older patients, including the implementation of novel methods for clinical visits, interruptions or delays in procedures, and modification of therapeutic strategies, both in the curative and palliative settings. In this manuscript, we provide a global overview of the perspectives of geriatric oncology providers from countries across Europe, America, and Asia, regarding the adaptive strategies utilized to continue providing high quality care for older patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic. Through these perspectives, we attempt to show that, although each country and setting has specific issues, we all face similar challenges when providing care for our older patients with cancer during these difficult times."}, {"pmid": 32422125, "pmcid": "PMC7228710", "title": "Steam inhalation and paediatric burns during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Brewster, Colin T", "Choong, Jia", "Thomas, Clare", "Wilson, David", "Moiemen, Naiem"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422125", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311760, "pmcid": "PMC7264728", "title": "Inactivation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in plasma and platelet products using a riboflavin and ultraviolet light-based photochemical treatment.", "journal": "Vox Sang", "authors": ["Keil, Shawn D", "Ragan, Izabela", "Yonemura, Susan", "Hartson, Lindsay", "Dart, Nicole K", "Bowen, Richard"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311760", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a member of the coronavirus family. Coronavirus infections in humans are typically associated with respiratory illnesses; however, viral RNA has been isolated in serum from infected patients. Coronaviruses have been identified as a potential low-risk threat to blood safety. The Mirasol Pathogen Reduction Technology (PRT) System utilizes riboflavin and ultraviolet (UV) light to render blood-borne pathogens noninfectious, while maintaining blood product quality. Here, we report on the efficacy of riboflavin and UV light against the pandemic virus SARS-CoV-2 when tested in both plasma and platelets units. Stock SARS-CoV-2 was grown in Vero cells and inoculated into either plasma or platelet units. Those units were then treated with riboflavin and UV light. The infectious titres of SARS-CoV-2 were determined by plaque assay using Vero cells. A total of five (n\u00a0=\u00a05) plasma and three (n\u00a0=\u00a03) platelet products were evaluated in this study. In both experiments, the measured titre of SARS-CoV-2 was below the limit of detection following treatment with riboflavin and UV light. The mean log reductions in the viral titres were \u22653\u00b740 and \u22654\u00b753 for the plasma units and platelet units, respectively. Riboflavin and UV light effectively reduced the titre of SARS-CoV-2 in both plasma and platelet products to below the limit of detection in tissue culture. The data suggest that the process would be effective in reducing the theoretical risk of transfusion transmitted SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32382449, "pmcid": "PMC7204764", "title": "Implementation of Clinical Diagnostic Criteria and Universal Symptom Survey Contributed to Lower Magnitude and Faster Resolution of the COVID-19 Epidemic in Wuhan.", "journal": "Engineering (Beijing)", "authors": ["Wei, Yongyue", "Wei, Liangmin", "Jiang, Yue", "Shen, Sipeng", "Zhao, Yang", "Hao, Yuantao", "Du, Zhicheng", "Tang, Jinling", "Zhang, Zhijie", "Jiang, Qingwu", "Li, Liming", "Chen, Feng", "Shen, Hongbing"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382449", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The majority of cases infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in China centered in the city of Wuhan. Despite a rapid increase in the number of cases and deaths due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the epidemic was stemmed via a combination of epidemic mitigation and control measures. This study evaluates how the implementation of clinical diagnostics and universal symptom surveys contributed to epidemic control in Wuhan. We extended the susceptibles-exposed-infectious-removed (SEIR) transmission dynamics model by considering three quarantined compartments (SEIR+Q). The SEIR+Q dynamics model was fitted using the daily reported number of confirmed infections and unconfirmed cases by clinical diagnostic criteria up to February 14, 2020 in Wuhan. Applying the model to carry forward the pre-February 14 trend in Wuhan, the number of daily new diagnosed cases would be expected to drop below 100 by March 25, below 10 by April 29, and reach 0 by May 31, 2020. The observed case counts after February 14 demonstrated that the daily new cases fell below 100 by March 6, below 10 by March 11, and reached 0 by March 18, or, respectively, 19, 49, and 74 d earlier than model predictions. By March 30, the observed number of cumulative confirmed cases was 50 006, which was 19 951 cases fewer than the predicted count. Effective reproductive number R(t) analysis using observed frequencies showed a remarkable decline after the implementation of clinical diagnostic criteria and universal symptom surveys, which was significantly below the R(t) curve estimated by the model assuming that the pre-February 14 trend was carried forward. In conclusion, the proposed SEIR+Q dynamics model was a good fit for the epidemic data in Wuhan and explained the large increase in the number of infections during February 12-14, 2020. The implementation of clinical diagnostic criteria and universal symptom surveys contributed to a contraction in both the magnitude and the duration of the epidemic in Wuhan."}, {"pmid": 32301300, "pmcid": "PMC7167399", "title": "Walk-Through Screening Center for COVID-19: an Accessible and Efficient Screening System in a Pandemic Situation.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Kim, Sang Il", "Lee, Ji Yong"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301300", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the ongoing novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the number of individuals that need to be tested for COVID-19 has been rapidly increasing. A walk-through (WT) screening center using negative pressure booths that is inspired by the biosafety cabinet has been designed and implemented in Korea for easy screening of COVID-19 and for safe and efficient consultation for patients with fever or respiratory symptoms. Here, we present the overall concept, advantages, and limitations of the COVID-19 WT screening center. The WT center increases patient access to the screening clinics and adequately protects healthcare personnel while reducing the consumption of personal protective equipment. It can also increase the number of people tested by 9-10 fold. However, there is a risk of cross-infection at each stage of screening treatment, including the booths, and adverse reactions with disinfection of the booths. These limitations can be overcome using mobile technology and increasing the number of booths to reduce congestion inside the center, reducing booth volume for sufficient and rapid ventilation, and using an effective, harmless, and certified environmental disinfectant. A WT center can be implemented in other institutions and countries and modified depending on local needs to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32448085, "title": "Repurposing approved drugs as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 S-protein from molecular modeling and virtual screening.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["de Oliveira, Osmair Vital", "Rocha, Gerd B", "Paluch, Andrew S", "Costa, Luciano T"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448085", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Herein, molecular modeling techniques were used with the main goal to obtain candidates from a drug database as potential targets to be used against SARS-CoV-2. This novel coronavirus, responsible by the COVID-19 outbreak since the end of 2019, became a challenge since there is not vaccine for this disease. The first step in this investigation was to solvate the isolated S-protein in water for molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, being observed a transition from \"up\" to \"down\" conformation of receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the S-protein with angle of 54.3 and 43.0 degrees, respectively. The RBD region was more exposed to the solvent and to the possible drugs due to its enhanced surface area. From the equilibrated MD structure, virtual screening by docking calculations were performed using a library contained 9091 FDA approved drugs. Among them, 24 best-scored ligands (14 traditional herbal isolate and 10 approved drugs) with the binding energy below -8.1\u2009kcal/mol were selected as potential candidates to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2\u2009S-protein, preventing the human cell infection and their replication. For instance, the ivermectin drug (present in our list of promise candidates) was recently used successful to control viral replication in\u00a0vitro. MD simulations were performed for the three best ligands@S-protein complexes and the binding energies were calculated using the MM/PBSA approach. Overall, it is highlighted an important strategy, some key residues, and chemical groups which may be considered on clinical trials for COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32234719, "title": "Covid-19: Contact tracing requires ending the hostile environment.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dropkin, Greg"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234719", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387617, "pmcid": "PMC7199674", "title": "COVID-19: The first documented coronavirus pandemic in history.", "journal": "Biomed J", "authors": ["Liu, Yen-Chin", "Kuo, Rei-Lin", "Shih, Shin-Ru"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387617", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel human coronavirus disease COVID-19 has become the fifth documented pandemic since the 1918 flu pandemic. COVID-19 was first reported in Wuhan, China, and subsequently spread worldwide. The coronavirus was officially named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses based on phylogenetic analysis. SARS-CoV-2 is believed to be a spillover of an animal coronavirus and later adapted the ability of human-to-human transmission. Because the virus is highly contagious, it rapidly spreads and continuously evolves in the human population. In this review article, we discuss the basic properties, potential origin, and evolution of the novel human coronavirus. These factors may be critical for studies of pathogenicity, antiviral designs, and vaccine development against the virus."}, {"pmid": 32393409, "pmcid": "PMC7251251", "title": "Does intranasal naloxone administration increase the risk of 2019 coronavirus disease transmission?", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Leong, Yuen Chin", "Verbeek, P Richard"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393409", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32059800, "pmcid": "PMC7137083", "title": "Minimise nosocomial spread of 2019-nCoV when treating acute respiratory failure.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Cabrini, Luca", "Landoni, Giovanni", "Zangrillo, Alberto"], "date": "2020-02-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32059800", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442421, "pmcid": "PMC7237371", "title": "Septic shock presentation in adolescents with COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Dallan, Cecilia", "Romano, Fabrizio", "Siebert, Johan", "Politi, Sofia", "Lacroix, Laurence", "Sahyoun, Cyril"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442421", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366025, "title": "Codon Usage and Phenotypic Divergences of SARS-CoV-2 Genes.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Dilucca, Maddalena", "Forcelloni, Sergio", "Georgakilas, Alexandros G", "Giansanti, Andrea", "Pavlopoulou, Athanasia"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366025", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which first occurred in Wuhan (China) in December of 2019, causes a severe acute respiratory illness with a high mortality rate, and has spread around the world. To gain an understanding of the evolution of the newly emerging SARS-CoV-2, we herein analyzed the codon usage pattern of SARS-CoV-2. For this purpose, we compared the codon usage of SARS-CoV-2 with that of other viruses belonging to the subfamily of Orthocoronavirinae. We found that SARS-CoV-2 has a high AU content that strongly influences its codon usage, which appears to be better adapted to the human host. We also studied the evolutionary pressures that influence the codon usage of five conserved coronavirus genes encoding the viral replicase, spike, envelope, membrane and nucleocapsid proteins. We found different patterns of both mutational bias and natural selection that affect the codon usage of these genes. Moreover, we show here that the two integral membrane proteins (matrix and envelope) tend to evolve slowly by accumulating nucleotide mutations on their corresponding genes. Conversely, genes encoding nucleocapsid (N), viral replicase and spike proteins (S), although they are regarded as are important targets for the development of vaccines and antiviral drugs, tend to evolve faster in comparison to the two genes mentioned above. Overall, our results suggest that the higher divergence observed for the latter three genes could represent a significant barrier in the development of antiviral therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32196071, "pmcid": "PMC7086377", "title": "Knowledge and Perceptions of COVID-19 Among the General Public in the United States and the United Kingdom: A Cross-sectional Online Survey.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Geldsetzer, Pascal"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196071", "countries": ["United States", "United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415690, "title": "Acute chloroquine poisoning: A comprehensive experimental toxicology assessment of the role of diazepam.", "journal": "Br J Pharmacol", "authors": ["Hughes, Dyfrig A"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415690", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Resurgence in the use of chloroquine as a putative treatment for COVID-19 has seen recent cases of fatal toxicity due to unintentional overdoses. Protocols for the management of poisoning recommend diazepam, although there are uncertainties in its pharmacology and efficacy in this context. The aim was to assess the effects of diazepam in experimental models of chloroquine cardiotoxicity. In vitro experiments involved cardiac tissues isolated from rats and incubated with chloroquine, alone, or in combination with diazepam. In vivo models of toxicity involved chloroquine administered intravenously to pentobarbitone-anaesthetised rats and rabbits. Randomised, controlled interventional studies in rats assessed diazepam, clonazepam and Ro5-4864 administered: (i) prior, (ii) during, and (iii) after chloroquine; and the effects of diazepam: (iv) at high dose, (v) in urethane-anaesthetised rats, and (vi) co-administered with adrenaline. Chloroquine decreased the developed tension of left atria, prolonged the effective refractory period of atria, ventricular tissue and right papillary muscles, and caused dose-dependent impairment of haemodynamic and electrocardiographic parameters. Cardiac arrhythmias indicated impairment of atrioventricular conduction. Studies (i), (ii) and (v) showed no differences between interventions and control. Diazepam increased heart rate in study (iv) and, as with clonazepam, also prolonged the QTc interval in study (iii). Combined administration of diazepam and adrenaline in study (vi) improved cardiac contractility but caused hypokalaemia. Neither diazepam, nor other ligands for benzodiazepine binding sites, protect against or attenuate chloroquine cardiotoxicity. However, diazepam may augment the effe cts of positive inotropes in reducing chloroquine cardiotoxicity."}, {"pmid": 32467353, "title": "Reduction of secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in households by face mask use, disinfection and social distancing: a cohort study in Beijing, China.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Wang, Yu", "Tian, Huaiyu", "Zhang, Li", "Zhang, Man", "Guo, Dandan", "Wu, Wenting", "Zhang, Xingxing", "Kan, Ge Lin", "Jia, Lei", "Huo, Da", "Liu, Baiwei", "Wang, Xiaoli", "Sun, Ying", "Wang, Quanyi", "Yang, Peng", "MacIntyre, C Raina"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467353", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32097201, "title": "Non-invasive respiratory support for patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia: clinical efficacy and reduction in risk of infection transmission.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Xia, Jin-Gen", "Zhao, Jian-Ping", "Cheng, Zhen-Shun", "Hu, Yi", "Duan, Jun", "Zhan, Qing-Yuan"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32097201", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391184, "pmcid": "PMC7202269", "title": "Comprehensive Insights into the Catalytic Mechanism of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome 3C-Like Protease and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 3C-Like Protease.", "journal": "ACS Catal", "authors": ["Wang, Hao", "He, Shuai", "Deng, Weilong", "Zhang, Ying", "Li, Guobang", "Sun, Jixue", "Zhao, Wei", "Guo, Yu", "Yin, Zheng", "Li, Dongmei", "Shang, Luqing"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391184", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus 3C-like protease (3CLPro) is a highly conserved cysteine protease employing a catalytic dyad for its functions. 3CLPro is essential to the viral life cycle and, therefore, is an attractive target for developing antiviral agents. However, the detailed catalytic mechanism of coronavirus 3CLPro remains largely unknown. We took an integrated approach of employing X-ray crystallography, mutational studies, enzyme kinetics study, and inhibitors to gain insights into the mechanism. Such experimental work is supplemented by computational studies, including the prereaction state analysis, the ab initio calculation of the critical catalytic step, and the molecular dynamic simulation of the wild-type and mutant enzymes. Taken together, such studies allowed us to identify a residue pair (Glu-His) and a conserved His as critical for binding; a conserved GSCGS motif as important for the start of catalysis, a partial negative charge cluster (PNCC) formed by Arg-Tyr-Asp as essential for catalysis, and a conserved water molecule mediating the remote interaction between PNCC and catalytic dyad. The data collected and our insights into the detailed mechanism have allowed us to achieve a good understanding of the difference in catalytic efficiency between 3CLPro from SARS and MERS, conduct mutational studies to improve the catalytic activity by 8-fold, optimize existing inhibitors to improve the potency by 4-fold, and identify a potential allosteric site for inhibitor design. All such results reinforce each other to support the overall catalytic mechanism proposed herein."}, {"pmid": 32304507, "pmcid": "PMC7199771", "title": "Protecting against COVID-19 aerosol infection during intubation.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Tseng, Jen-Yu", "Lai, Hsien-Yung"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304507", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265202, "pmcid": "PMC7211077", "title": "Ocular manifestations of a hospitalised patient with confirmed 2019 novel coronavirus disease.", "journal": "Br J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Chen, Lu", "Liu, Meizhou", "Zhang, Zheng", "Qiao, Kun", "Huang, Ting", "Chen, Miaohong", "Xin, Na", "Huang, Zuliang", "Liu, Lei", "Zhang, Guoming", "Wang, Jiantao"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265202", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To report the ocular characteristics and the presence of viral RNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in conjunctival swab specimens in a patient with confirmed 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). A 30-year-old man with confirmed COVID-19 and bilateral acute conjunctivitis which occurred 13 days after illness onset. Based on detailed ophthalmic examination, reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to detect SARS-CoV-2 virus in conjunctival swabs. The ocular characteristics, presence of viral RNA and viral dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in the conjunctival specimens were evaluated. Slit lamp examination showed bilateral acute follicular conjunctivitis. RT-PCR assay demonstrated the presence of viral RNA in conjunctival specimen 13 days after onset (cycle threshold value: 31). The conjunctival swab specimens remained positive for SARS-CoV-2 on 14 and 17 days after onset. On day 19, RT-PCR result was negative for SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 is capable of causing ocular complications such as viral conjunctivitis in the middle phase of illness. Precautionary measures are recommended when examining infected patients throughout the clinical course of the infection. However, conjunctival sampling might not be useful for early diagnosis because the virus may not appear initially in the conjunctiva."}, {"pmid": 32241828, "pmcid": "PMC7113797", "title": "Celebrating World Tuberculosis Day at the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Alagna, Riccardo", "Besozzi, Giorgio", "Codecasa, Luigi Ruffo", "Gori, Andrea", "Migliori, Giovanni Battista", "Raviglione, Mario", "Cirillo, Daniela Maria"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241828", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287785, "pmcid": "PMC7131521", "title": "Best we be prepared.", "journal": "New Sci", "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287785", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Fast action will help the world contain the new coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32470181, "title": "Management of heart transplant candidates in the time of COVID-19 pandemic: looking for answers.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Pascale, Renato", "Trapani, Filippo", "Potena, Luciano", "Martin-Suarez, Sofia", "Viale, Pierluigi", "Giannella, Maddalena"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470181", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492561, "pmcid": "PMC7258814", "title": "COVID-19: Thinking about further mental and neurological disorders.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Monteiro-Junior, Renato Sobral"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492561", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461625, "pmcid": "PMC7251218", "title": "Covid-19 and the need for perinatal mental health professionals: now more than ever before.", "journal": "J Perinatol", "authors": ["Hynan, Michael T"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461625", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358326, "title": "Expert consensus on management principles of orthopedic emergency in the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Tang, Pei-Fu", "Hou, Zhi-Yong", "Wu, Xin-Bao", "Zhang, Chang-Qing", "Wang, Jun-Wen", "Xing, Xin", "Shao, Zeng-Wu", "Yu, Ai-Xi", "Wang, Gang", "Chen, Bin", "Zhang, Ping", "Hu, Yan-Jun", "Wang, Bo-Wei", "Guo, Xiao-Dong", "Tang, Xin", "Zhou, Dong-Sheng", "Liu, Fan", "Chen, Ai-Mi", "Zhang, Kun", "Li, Kai-Nan", "Zhu, Yan-Bin"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358326", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32064856, "title": "[Early containment strategies and core measures for prevention and control of novel coronavirus pneumonia in China].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, W", "Wang, Q", "Li, Y Q", "Yu, H L", "Xia, Y Y", "Zhang, M L", "Qin, Y", "Zhang, T", "Peng, Z B", "Zhang, R C", "Yang, X K", "Yin, W W", "An, Z J", "Wu, D", "Yin, Z D", "Li, S", "Chen, Q L", "Feng, L Z", "Li, Z J", "Feng, Z J"], "date": "2020-02-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32064856", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, and spread rapidly across the country. In the early stages of the epidemic, China adopted the containment strategy and implemented a series of core measures around this strategic point, including social mobilization, strengthening case isolation and close contacts tracking management, blocking epidemic areas and traffic control to reduce personnel movements and increase social distance, environmental measures and personal protection, with a view to controlling the epidemic as soon as possible in limited areas such as Wuhan. This article summarizes the background, key points and core measures in the country and provinces. It sent prospects for future prevention and control strategies."}, {"pmid": 32437948, "pmcid": "PMC7211616", "title": "Viral infection-induced thrombosis, novel coronavirus.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Pran, Lemuel", "Baijoo, Shanta", "Slim, Hani"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437948", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513290, "title": "A pilot study of therapeutic plasma exchange for serious SARS CoV-2 disease (COVID-19): A structured summary of a randomized controlled trial study protocol.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Faqihi, Fahad", "Alharthy, Abdulrahman", "Alodat, Mohammed", "Asad, Daood", "Aletreby, Waleed", "Kutsogiannis, Demetrios J", "Brindley, Peter G", "Karakitsos, Dimitrios"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513290", "countries": ["United States", "Switzerland", "Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the safety of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in adult patients with serious/life-threatening COVID-19 requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and associated 28-day mortality. Serious and life threatening COVID-19 are defined as per published literature (please, refer to the full protocol, Additional file 1). The rationale is that TPE can remove interleukins-3, 6, 8, 10, interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Thus, it may reduce the cytokine release syndrome associated with fulminant COVID-19 disease. Pilot, interventional, open-label, randomized controlled multicenter trial. Inclusion criteria are: 1) age \u2265 18 years old; 2) intubation and intensive care unit (ICU) admission; 3) serious and/or life-threatening COVID-19 (please, refer to the full protocol, Additional file 1). SARS-CoV-2 infection is confirmed by Real-Time-Polymerase-Chain-Reaction (RT-PCR) assays using QuantiNova Probe RT-PCR kit (Qiagen) in a Light-Cycler 480 real-time PCR system (Roche, Basel, Switzerland). Exclusion criteria are: 1) previous allergic reaction to plasma exchange or its ingredients (i.e., sodium citrate), 2) two consecutive negative RT-PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 at least 24 hours apart, 3) mild COVID-19 not requiring ICU admission and 4) terminally ill patients receiving palliative care. The primary site will be King Saud Medical City (KSMC), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Also, the study will run in ICUs (Ministry of Health Cluster 1; Riyadh) and other centers in KSA pending their institutional review board (IRB) approval. The intervention group will receive TPE, plus empiric treatment for COVID-19. TPE is administered using the Spectra Optia TM Apheresis System equipped with the Depuro D2000 Adsorption Cartridge (Terumo BCT Inc., USA). The first dose is 1.5 plasma volumes, followed by one plasma volume on alternate days or daily for five to seven total treatments. Spectra Optia TM Apheresis System operates with acid-citrate dextrose anticoagulant (ACDA) as per Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2019 guidelines. Plasma is replaced with albumin 5% or fresh frozen plasma in patients with coagulopathy (prothrombin time >37 seconds; international normalized ratio >3; activated partial thromboplastin time >100 or fibrinogen level <100 mg/d). TPE sessions are performed daily over four hours and laboratory markers measured daily. The comparators are controls not receiving TPE but usual empiric treatment for COVID-19 as per institutional, national and international recommendations. Both groups will receive standard ICU supportive care. Primary study end-point is 28-day mortality and safety of TPE in serious and/or life-threatening COVID-19. Safety will be evaluated by the documentation of any pertinent adverse and/or serious adverse effects related to TPE as per institutional, national and international (Food and Drug Administration) guidelines. Secondary outcomes are: i) improvement in Sequential Organ Function Assessment (SOFA) score ; ii) changes in inflammatory markers: serum C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, d-dimers and interleukin-6; iii) days on mechanical ventilation and ICU length of stay. Eligible consented patients are randomized (1:1 allocation) after stratification by ICU center and two PaO2/FIO2 ratio categories (> 150 and \u2264 150). Randomization occurs in variable block sizes of four to eight patients. A web-based randomization service, randomize.net, is used to allocate patients to their respective strata prior to the intervention or control therapy. Given the visibility of TPE machinery, the intervention will be unblinded; hence, no enrollment concealment will be expedited. The lack of allocation concealment will be mitigated by several measures (please, refer to the full protocol, Additional file 1). This pilot randomized trial aims to recruit a convenience sample of patients with serious and/or life-threatening COVID-19. Therefore, at least 20 patients are to be randomized to each group per participating center. We are hoping to consent and randomize approximately 60 patients in each group over a 3 to 6 months period giving a total of 120 participants. The protocol version 1 was approved 29/04/2020. Recruitment is ongoing, and began on 01/05/2020. We estimate completion by 29/10/2020. Registered at ISRCTN on 18/05/2020 (ISRCTN21363594; doi.10.1186/ ISRCTN21363594). The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest of expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32390655, "pmcid": "PMC7205633", "title": "The Covid-19 crisis as a career shock: Implications for careers and vocational behavior.", "journal": "J Vocat Behav", "authors": ["Akkermans, Jos", "Richardson, Julia", "Kraimer, Maria"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390655", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The covid-19 pandemic is a career shock for many people across the globe. In this article, we reflect on how insights from the literature on career shocks can help us understand the career consequences of the pandemic and offer suggestions for future research in this area. In particular, we offer three \"key lessons\". The first lesson is that the implications of Covid-19 reflect the dynamic interplay between individual and contextual factors. Here, we argue that although the pandemic was difficult to predict and control, research shows that certain psychological resources - such as career competencies and resilience - could make this career shock more manageable. The second lesson is that the pandemic may have differential implications over time, as suggested by research that has shown the consequences of career shocks to differ between short-term vs. long-term time horizons, and across life- and career stages. The third lesson is that, even though the pandemic is clearly a negatively valenced shock for most people, further into the future it may allow for more positive outcomes. This lesson builds on research showing how negative career shocks have long-term positive consequences for some people. We hope that these insights will inspire both scholars and practitioners to study and understand the work and career implications of Covid-19 as a career shock, as well as to support people in dealing with its consequences."}, {"pmid": 32442527, "pmcid": "PMC7237177", "title": "Electron microscopy of SARS-CoV-2: a challenging task - Authors' reply.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Varga, Zsuzsanna", "Flammer, Andreas J", "Steiger, Peter", "Haberecker, Martina", "Andermatt, Rea", "Zinkernagel, Annelies", "Mehra, Mandeep R", "Scholkmann, Felix", "Schupbach, Reto", "Ruschitzka, Frank", "Moch, Holger"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442527", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512532, "title": "Lived experiences of the corona survivors (patients admitted in COVID wards): A narrative real-life documented summaries of internalized guilt, shame, stigma, anger.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Sahoo, Swapnajeet", "Mehra, Aseem", "Suri, Vikas", "Malhotra, Pankaj", "Yaddanapudi, Lakshmi Narayana", "Dutt Puri, Goverdhan", "Grover, Sandeep"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512532", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a disaster for the human beings. All the Governments across the globe have been preparing to deal with this medical emergency, which is known to be associated with mortality in about 5% of the sufferers. Gradually, it is seen that, many patients with COVID-19 infection have mild symptoms or are asymptomatic. Due to the risk of infecting others, persons with COVID-19 infection are kept in isolation wards. Because of the isolation, the fear of death, and associated stigma, many patients with COVID-19 infection go through mental distress. In this report, we discuss the experience of 3 persons diagnosed with COVId-19 infection and admitted to the COVID ward."}, {"pmid": 32175421, "pmcid": "PMC7049028", "title": "Early estimation of the case fatality rate of COVID-19 in mainland China: a data-driven analysis.", "journal": "Ann Transl Med", "authors": ["Yang, Shu", "Cao, Peihua", "Du, Peipei", "Wu, Ziting", "Zhuang, Zian", "Yang, Lin", "Yu, Xuan", "Zhou, Qi", "Feng, Xixi", "Wang, Xiaohui", "Li, Weiguo", "Liu, Enmei", "Chen, Ju", "Chen, Yaolong", "He, Daihai"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32175421", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An ongoing outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2], named COVID-19, hit a major city of China, Wuhan in December 2019 and subsequently spread to other provinces/regions of China and overseas. Several studies have been done to estimate the basic reproduction number in the early phase of this outbreak, yet there are no reliable estimates of case fatality rate (CFR) for COVID-19 to date. In this study, we used a purely data-driven statistical method to estimate the CFR in the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak. Daily numbers of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths were collected from January 10 to February 3, 2020 and divided into three clusters: Wuhan city, other cities of Hubei province, and other provinces of mainland China. Simple linear regression model was applied to estimate the CFR from each cluster. We estimated that CFR during the first weeks of the epidemic ranges from 0.15% (95% CI: 0.12-0.18%) in mainland China excluding Hubei through 1.41% (95% CI: 1.38-1.45%) in Hubei province excluding the city of Wuhan to 5.25% (95% CI: 4.98-5.51%) in Wuhan. Our early estimates suggest that the CFR of COVID-19 is lower than the previous coronavirus epidemics caused by SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)."}, {"pmid": 32378044, "pmcid": "PMC7201114", "title": "Switch from oral anticoagulants to parenteral heparin in SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized patients: comment.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Roncon, Loris", "Zuin, Marco", "Rigatelli, Gianluca"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378044", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249361, "pmcid": "PMC7130451", "title": "A Simple Decision Analysis of a Mandatory Lockdown Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Appl Health Econ Health Policy", "authors": ["Karnon, Jonathan"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249361", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379348, "title": "3CL hydrolase-based multiepitope peptide vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 using immunoinformatics.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Jakhar, Renu", "Kaushik, Samander", "Gakhar, Surendra K"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379348", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The present study provides the\u00a0first multiepitope vaccine construct using the 3CL hydrolase protein of SARS-CoV-2. The coronavirus 3CL hydrolase (Mpro) enzyme is essential for proteolytic maturation of the virus. This study was based on immunoinformatics and structural vaccinology strategies. The design of the multiepitope vaccine was built using helper T-cell and cytotoxic T-cell epitopes from the 3CL hydrolase protein along with an adjuvant to enhance immune response; these are joined to each other by short peptide linkers. The vaccine also carries potential B-cell linear epitope regions, B-cell discontinuous epitopes, and interferon-\u03b3-inducing epitopes. Epitopes of the constructed multiepitope vaccine were found to be antigenic, nonallergic, nontoxic, and covering large human populations worldwide. The vaccine construct was modeled, validated, and refined by different programs to achieve a high-quality three-dimensional structure. The resulting high-quality model was applied for conformational B-cell epitope selection and docking analyses with toll-like receptor-3 for understanding the capability of the vaccine to elicit an immune response. In silico cloning and codon adaptation were also performed with\u00a0the pET-19b plasmid vector. The designed multiepitope peptide vaccine may prompt the development of a vaccine to control SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32348773, "pmcid": "PMC7194954", "title": "COVID-19 and ACE2 in the liver and gastrointestinal tract: Putative biological explanations of sexual dimorphism.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Pirola, Carlos J", "Sookoian, Silvia"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348773", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233641, "title": "Network pharmacology-based analysis of the role of traditional Chinese herbal medicines in the treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Palliat Med", "authors": ["Yu, Shengwei", "Wang, Junwu", "Shen, Haitao"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233641", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus named COVID-19, which originated in Wuhan, China, has spread to many countries around the world. Currently, no effective medical treatment exists to combat this disease. Traditional Chinese herbal medicines (CHM) have unique roles in the treatment of viral infections. In this article we analyzed the effectiveness and possible molecular mechanisms of CHM formulas for the prevention of COVID-19. The active ingredients and action targets of CHM formulas were obtained from the TCMSP database. Genes related to severe acute respiratory syndromes (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) were queried on the GeneCards database. The action mechanisms of these genes were predicted using a Gene Ontology (GO)-based functional enrichment and annotation tool and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). CHM formulas played a positive role in preventing COVID-19 and warrant further application. Our research provides new evidence to support the possible value of CHM formulas for the prevention of COVID-19. However, further clinical studies with large sample sizes are required to verify their effectiveness."}, {"pmid": 32298029, "pmcid": "PMC7262348", "title": "How to Guarantee the Best of Care to Patients with Cancer During the COVID-19 Epidemic: The Italian Experience.", "journal": "Oncologist", "authors": ["Curigliano, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298029", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy and the rest of the world are experiencing an outbreak of a novel beta-coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this context, in Italy, we reorganized the National Health System and prioritized the clinical cancer care scenario, balancing risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission versus the magnitude of clinical benefit deriving from a specific therapeutic approach. As initial actions, we recommended that routine screening be suspended and that patients with early and advanced cancer be treated as outpatients as much as possible and at the nearest medical center. Patients who need to be hospitalized for cancer treatment were protected from potential SARS-CoV-2 infection by creating a dedicated diagnostic and therapeutic internal pathway for cancer treatment. We implemented reorganization of the hospital networks, based on a hub-and-spoke design. Stronger personal protection was made available for patients with cancer. Because of the extreme burden created by COVID-19, antitumor treatment was initiated only after considering patient performance status, comorbidities, biology of disease, and the likely impact of treatment on outcome. Treatment strategies were discussed in the context of a multidisciplinary tumor board. Treatment decision making balanced risk and benefits of treatment in the context of the specific pandemic level, on a case-by-case basis."}, {"pmid": 32374802, "pmcid": "PMC7186001", "title": "The halo sign as a chest computed tomography finding of COVID-19.", "journal": "Einstein (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Farias, Lucas de Padua Gomes de", "Pereira, Helena Alves Costa", "Anastacio, Eduardo Pinheiro Zarattini", "Minenelli, Fernanda Formagio", "Teles, Gustavo Borges da Silva"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374802", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247836, "pmcid": "PMC7270564", "title": "Precautions for Operating Room Team Members During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Forrester, Joseph D", "Nassar, Aussama K", "Maggio, Paul M", "Hawn, Mary T"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247836", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) can infect healthcare workers. We developed an institutional algorithm to protect operating room team members during the COVID-19 pandemic and rationally conserve personal protective equipment (PPE). An interventional platform (operating room, interventional suite, and endoscopy) PPE taskforce was convened by the hospital and medical school leadership and tasked with developing a common algorithm for PPE use, to be used throughout the interventional platform. In conjunction with our infectious disease experts, we developed our guidelines based on potential patterns of spread, risk of exposure, and conservation of PPE. A decision tree algorithm describing our institutional guidelines for precautions for operating room team members was created. This algorithm is based on urgency of operation, anticipated viral burden at the surgical site, opportunity for a procedure to aerosolize virus, and likelihood a patient could be infected based on symptoms and testing. Despite COVID-19 being a new threat, we have shown that by developing an easy-to-follow decision tree algorithm for the interventional platform teams, we can ensure optimal health care worker safety."}, {"pmid": 32517824, "title": "COVID-19 in Spain. Coming back to the \"New normality\" after two months of confinement.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Mateos, Raimundo", "Fernandez, Melchor", "Franco, Manuel", "Sanchez, Manuel"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517824", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438949, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: Healthcare Crisis Leadership as Ethics Communication.", "journal": "Camb Q Healthc Ethics", "authors": ["Hayry, Matti"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438949", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Governmental reactions to crises like the COVID-19 pandemic can be seen as ethics communication. Governments can contain the disease and thereby mitigate the detrimental public health impact; allow the virus to spread to reach herd immunity; test, track, isolate, and treat; and suppress the disease regionally. An observation of Sweden and Finland showed a difference in feasible ways to communicate the chosen policy to the citizenry. Sweden assumed the herd immunity strategy and backed it up with health utilitarian arguments. This was easy to communicate to the Swedish people, who appreciated the voluntary restrictions approach and trusted their decision makers. Finland chose the contain and mitigate strategy and was towards the end of the observation period apparently hesitating between suppression and the test, track, isolate, and treat approach. Both are difficult to communicate to the general public accurately, truthfully, and acceptably. Apart from health utilitarian argumentation, something like the republican political philosophy or selective truth telling are needed. The application of republicanism to the issue, however, is problematic, and hiding the truth seems to go against the basic tenets of liberal democracy."}, {"pmid": 32315756, "pmcid": "PMC7165291", "title": "Challenges of managing the asymptomatic carriers of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Rahimi, Farid", "Talebi Bezmin Abadi, Amin"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315756", "countries": ["China", "United States", "Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After an outbreak in Wuhan, China, a growing number of countries are now suffering from an epidemic by SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19. Undoubtedly, reports of the skyrocketing global spread of COVID-19 has shocked people globally, from Japan to the United States. Presently, the World Health Organization indicates that the fatality rate due to COVID-19 is about 2%, inferring that many positive subjects may potentially overcome the illness with mild influenza-like symptoms and no need for hospitalization at intensive-care units. Because COVID-19 is completely new to the human immune system, many throughout the world are likely vulnerable to becoming sick after their initial exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Besides hospitalized cases, many individuals are likely asymptomatic but potentially carry the virus. While our knowledge about carriers and their virus shedding is deficient, some studies modelling the viral transmission have considered the potential contribution of the asymptomatic carriers. Protocols for managing asymptomatic cases, for example for controlling them to restrict their contact with healthy people at public places or private residences, have not been established. In-house quarantine may as well be applicable to asymptomatic cases if they could be identified and diagnosed. Presumably now, the asymptomatic subjects potentially contribute to the transmission of COVID-19 without their knowledge, intention, or being diagnosed as carriers. Thus, managing the asymptomatic subjects, who can carry and likely transmit the virus, is a major healthcare challenge while the pandemic is looming."}, {"pmid": 32442581, "pmcid": "PMC7237184", "title": "Collateral damage: the impact on outcomes from cancer surgery of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Oncol", "authors": ["Sud, Amit", "Jones, Michael", "Broggio, John", "Loveday, Chey", "Torr, Bethany", "Garrett, Alice", "Nicol, David L", "Jhanji, Shaman", "Boyce, Stephen A", "Gronthoud, Firza", "Ward, Phillip", "Handy, Jonathan M", "Yousaf, Nadia", "Larkin, James", "Suh, Yae-Eun", "Scott, Stephen", "Pharoah, Paul D P", "Swanton, Charles", "Abbosh, Christopher", "Williams, Matthew", "Lyratzopoulos, Georgios", "Houlston, Richard", "Turnbull, Clare"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442581", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cancer diagnostics and surgery have been disrupted by the response of healthcare services to the COVID-19 pandemic. Progression of cancers during delay will impact on patient long-term survival. We generated per-day hazard ratios of cancer progression from observational studies and applied these to age-specific, stage-specific cancer survival for England 2013-2017. We modelled per-patient delay of three months and six months and periods of disruption of one year and two years. Using healthcare resource costing, we contextualise attributable lives saved and life-years gained from cancer surgery to equivalent volumes of COVID-19 hospitalisations. Per year, 94,912 resections for major cancers result in 80,406 long-term survivors and 1,717,051 life years gained. Per-patient delay of three/six months would cause attributable death of 4,755/10,760 of these individuals with loss of 92,214/208,275 life-years. For cancer surgery, average life-years gained (LYGs) per patient are 18.1 under standard conditions and 17.1/15.9 with a delay of three/six months (an average loss of 0.97/2.19 LYG per patient). Taking into account units of healthcare resource (HCRU), surgery results on average per patient in 2.25 resource-adjusted life-years gained (RALYGs) under standard conditions and 2.12/1.97 RALYGs following delay of three/six months. For 94,912 hospital COVID-19 admissions, there are 482,022 LYGs requiring of 1,052,949 HCRUs. Hospitalisation of community-acquired COVID-19 patients yields on average per patient 5.08 LYG and 0.46 RALYGs. Modest delays in surgery for cancer incur significant impact on survival. Delay of three/six months in surgery for incident cancers would mitigate 19%/43% of life-years gained by hospitalisation of an equivalent volume of admissions for community-acquired COVID-19. This rises to 26%/59% when considering resource-adjusted life-years gained. To avoid a downstream public health crisis of avoidable cancer deaths, cancer diagnostic and surgical pathways must be maintained at normal throughput, with rapid attention to any backlog already accrued."}, {"pmid": 32444364, "pmcid": "PMC7247381", "title": "COVID-19: the rude awakening for the political elite in low- and middle-income countries.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Viens, A M", "Eyawo, Oghenowede"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444364", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475001, "title": "COVID-19 and ectodermal dysplasias. Recommendations are necessary.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Callea, Michele", "Willoughby, Colin Eric", "Perry, Diana", "Holzer, Ulrike", "Fedele, Giulia", "Cardenas Tadich, Antonio", "Cammarata-Scalisi, Francisco"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475001", "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32187458, "pmcid": "PMC7121177", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Lu, Xiaoxia", "Zhang, Liqiong", "Du, Hui", "Zhang, Jingjing", "Li, Yuan Y", "Qu, Jingyu", "Zhang, Wenxin", "Wang, Youjie", "Bao, Shuangshuang", "Li, Ying", "Wu, Chuansha", "Liu, Hongxiu", "Liu, Di", "Shao, Jianbo", "Peng, Xuehua", "Yang, Yonghong", "Liu, Zhisheng", "Xiang, Yun", "Zhang, Furong", "Silva, Rona M", "Pinkerton, Kent E", "Shen, Kunling", "Xiao, Han", "Xu, Shunqing", "Wong, Gary W K"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32187458", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401587, "title": "COVID-19: Perspective of a Dean of Dentistry.", "journal": "JDR Clin Trans Res", "authors": ["Emami, E"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401587", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344308, "pmcid": "PMC7194846", "title": "Suggesting Ritonavir against COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Choudhury, Shuvasish", "Mazumder, Muhammed Khairujjaman"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344308", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506059, "title": "Detection of Hemosiderin-Laden Macrophages in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of COVID-19 Patients: Is Perls Stain a Potential Indicator of Oxidative Alveolar Damage?", "journal": "Acta Cytol", "authors": ["Drak Alsibai, Kinan"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506059", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502708, "pmcid": "PMC7265863", "title": "Impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak on obstetric and gynaecological surgery - A letter to the editor on \"Impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice - Part 2 (surgical prioritisation)\". Correspondence.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Ashraf, Muhammad", "Amin, Pajam", "Mehr, Soheeb"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502708", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32074719, "title": "[Several suggestion of operation for colorectal cancer under the outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 19 in China].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yu, G Y", "Lou, Z", "Zhang, W"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32074719", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pneumonia caused by SARS-Cov-2 infection has been reported in Wuhan since December 2019, and spread rapidly across the country. The radical operation of colorectal cancer is confine operation. Patients with colorectal cancer should receive operation as soon as possible after elective operation is resumed in each hospital. SARS-Cov-2 virus can be transmitted by asymptomatic infectors, and it has been confirmed to be transmitted by droplets and contact. However, fecal-oral transmission and aerosol transmission have not been excluded. Based onLaparoscopic colorectal operation experiences, the author suggests that the surgery strategy for colorectal cancer patients under the COVID-19 situation. Recommending laparoscopy-assisted radical surgery for colorectal cancer patients. The aerosols need to be strictly managed during operation. NOSES and TaTME should be carried out with cautious during the epidemic period. Protective stoma should be carried out scientifically and reasonably, and the protection of operating room personnel should be strengthened."}, {"pmid": 32363334, "pmcid": "PMC7194983", "title": "Cardiovascular Collapse in COVID-19 Infection: The Role of Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VA-ECMO).", "journal": "CJC Open", "authors": ["Chow, Justin", "Alhussaini, Anhar", "Calvillo-Arguelles, Oscar", "Billia, Filio", "Luk, Adriana"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363334", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has been associated with cardiovascular complications including acute cardiac injury, heart failure and cardiogenic shock. The role of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) in the event of COVID-19-associated cardiovascular collapse has not yet been established. We reviewed existing literature surrounding the role of VA-ECMO in the treatment of coronavirus-related cardiovascular collapse. COVID-19 is associated with higher incidence of cardiovascular complications compared to previous coronavirus outbreaks (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV). We found only one case report from China where COVID-19-associated fulminant myocarditis and cardiogenic shock (CS) was successfully rescued using VA-ECMO as a bridge to recovery (BTR). We identified potential clinical scenarios (cardiac injury, myocardial infarction with and without obstructive coronary artery disease, viral myocarditis, and decompensated heart failure) leading to CS and risk factors for poor/uncertain benefit (age, sepsis, mixed/predominantly vasodilatory shock, prothrombotic state and/or coagulopathy, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ failure or high-risk prognostic scores) specific to using VA-ECMO as BTR in COVID-19 infection. Additional considerations and proposed recommendations specific to the COVID-19 pandemic were formulated with guidance from published data and expert consensus. A small subset of patients with cardiovascular complications from COVID-19 infection may progress to refractory CS. Accepting that resource scarcity may be the overwhelming concern for healthcare systems during this pandemic, VA-ECMO can be considered in highly selected cases of refractory CS and echocardiographic evidence of biventricular failure. The decision to initiate this therapy should take into consideration availability of resources, perceived benefit as well as risks of transmitting disease."}, {"pmid": 32474026, "pmcid": "PMC7247474", "title": "Lopinavir/ritonavir use in Covid-19 infection: is it completely non-beneficial?", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Owa, Adewale Bayode", "Owa, Olufunke Tolulope"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474026", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 infection caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-COV-2 continues to be a major global health challenge. Till date, no drug has been approved for the treatment of this infection. A number of medications have been proposed and there are ongoing clinical trials around the world to find a suitable treatment. A recent randomised control trial compared lopinavir/ritonavir with standard care among 199 patients with severe Covid-19 infection and concluded that there was no significant reduction in mortality rate with lopinavir/ritonavir. However, there are a few important lessons which may be learnt from the study apart from the statistical reduction in mortality rate. There was a numerical reduction in mortality rate, less intensive care unit stay and less complications in the lopinavir-ritonavir group. This article points out some of those important lessons with some suggestions for future clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32434707, "pmcid": "PMC7219398", "title": "Is the COVID-19 pandemic masking the deadlier Lassa fever epidemic in Nigeria?", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Reuben, Rine Christopher", "Danladi, Margaret M A", "Pennap, Grace Rinmecit"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434707", "countries": ["Nigeria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the COVID-19 officially declared a pandemic, Nigeria alongside other countries is directing all its resources and manpower to contain this pandemic. However, the existence of Lassa fever (LF), a more severe, zoonotic, endemic and viral haemorrhagic fever caused by Lassa virus with higher case fatality ratio (CFR) rages on across Nigeria while receiving little or no public health attention. The simultaneously increasing cases of COVID-19 and LF across Nigeria would be catastrophic unless infection prevention and control measures toward both LF and COVID-19 outbreaks are considered alongside."}, {"pmid": 32084675, "title": "[Thinking of treatment strategies for colorectal cancer patients in tumor hospitals under the background of coronavirus pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Hu, X H", "Niu, W B", "Zhang, J F", "Li, B K", "Yu, B", "Zhang, Z Y", "Zhou, C X", "Zhang, X N", "Gao, Y", "Wang, G Y"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32084675", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a new outbreak of coronavirus pneumonia began to occur. Its pathogen is 2019-nCoV, which has the characteristics of strong infectivity and general susceptibility. The current situation of prevention and control of new coronavirus pneumonia is severe. In this context, as front-line medical workers bearing important responsibilities and pressure, while through strict management strategy, we can minimize the risk of infection exposure. By summarizing the research progress and guidelines in recent years in the fields of colorectal cancer disease screening, treatment strategies(including early colorectal cancer, locally advanced colorectal cancer, obstructive colorectal cancer, metastatic colorectal cancer and the treatment of patients after neoadjuvant therapy), the choice of medication and time limit for adjuvant therapy, the protective measures for patients undergoing emergency surgery, the re-examination of postoperative patients and the protection of medical staff, etc., authors improve treatment strategies in order to provide more choices for patients to obtain the best treatment under the severe epidemic situation of new coronavirus pneumonia. Meanwhile we hope that it can also provide more timely treatment modeling schemes for colleagues."}, {"pmid": 32390091, "pmcid": "PMC7211492", "title": "Clinical characteristics of 194 cases of COVID-19 in Huanggang and Taian, China.", "journal": "Infection", "authors": ["Zhang, Hong", "Shang, Wenli", "Liu, Qinghua", "Zhang, Xuejing", "Zheng, Maochuan", "Yue, Maokui"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390091", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aimed to report the clinical characteristics of 194 cases coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in Huanggang, Hubei and Taian, Shandong. We retrospectively investigated the clinical, laboratory characteristics and CT imaging of confirmed cases of COVID-19 from January 22 to February 28, 2020 in Huanggang Central Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University. Real time PCR was used to detect the new coronavirus in respiratory samples. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expressions of ACE2 in tissues. Among the 194 patients infected with COVID-19, 108 patients were male, with a median age of 48.3\u00a0years. The average preclinical period was 7.44\u00a0day. Except for 37 severe or critically ill patients, the rest of the 157 patients exhibited mild or moderate symptoms. 190 (97.94%) patients were confirmed during the three times nucleic acid test. The main clinical symptom of the patients were fever, sore throat and cough, which accounted for 146 cases (75.26%), 98 (50.52%) and 86 cases (44.33%), respectively. 30 patients (15.46%) showed liver dysfunction. Imaging examination showed that 141 patients (72.68%) showed abnormal density shadow, while 53 cases (27.32%) had no obvious abnormality in the parenchyma of both lungs. Up to now, 109 cases have been discharged from the hospital, and 9 patients died. The ACE2 expression levels were up-regulated in patients of severe type and critically ill type. Clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and CT imaging should be combined for comprehensive analysis to diagnose COVID-19. ACE2 may be the receptor of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32304634, "pmcid": "PMC7159870", "title": "The UK Coronavirus Cancer Monitoring Project: protecting patients with cancer in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304634", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521328, "title": "On the usefulness of point-of-care antibody tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in community screening settings.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Dohla, M", "Diegmann, C"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521328", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356761, "title": "Navigating the Pandemic Response Life Cycle: Molecular Diagnostics and Immunoassays in the Context of COVID-19 Management.", "journal": "IEEE Rev Biomed Eng", "authors": ["Zhang, Jingwei", "Gharizadeh, Baback", "Lu, Daru", "Yue, Junqiu", "Yu, Mingxia", "Liu, Yue", "Zhou, Meiying"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356761", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To counter COVID-19 spreading, an infrastructure to provide rapid and thorough molecular diagnostics and serology testing is the cornerstone of outbreak and pandemic management. We hereby review the clinical insights with regard to using molecular tests and immunoassays in the context of COVID-19 management life cycle: the preventive phase, the preparedness phase, the response phase and the recovery phase. The spatial and temporal distribution of viral RNA, antigens and antibodies during human infection is summarized to provide a biological foundation for accurate detection of the disease. We shared the lessons learned and the obstacles encountered during real world high-volume screening programs. Clinical needs are discussed to identify existing technology gaps in these tests. Leverage technologies, such as engineered polymerases, isothermal amplification, and direct amplification from complex matrices may improve the productivity of current infrastructure, while emerging technologies like CRISPR diagnostics, visual end point detection, and PCR free methods for nucleic acid sensing may lead to at-home tests. The lessons learned, and innovations spurred from the COVID-19 pandemic could upgrade our global public health infrastructure to better combat potential outbreaks in the future."}, {"pmid": 32041691, "title": "Coronavirus: global stocks of protective gear are depleted, with demand at \"100 times\" normal level, WHO warns.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-02-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32041691", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32198987, "title": "Gross examination report of a COVID-19 death autopsy.", "journal": "Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Liu, Q", "Wang, R S", "Qu, G Q", "Wang, Y Y", "Liu, P", "Zhu, Y Z", "Fei, G", "Ren, L", "Zhou, Y W", "Liu, L"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198987", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420608, "title": "Patients with sickle cell disease and suspected COVID-19 in a paediatric intensive care unit.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Heilbronner, Claire", "Berteloot, Laureline", "Tremolieres, Pierre", "Dupic, Laurent", "de Saint Blanquat, Laure", "Lesage, Fabrice", "Odievre, Marie-Helene", "de Marcellus, Charles", "Fourgeaud, Jacques", "de Montalembert, Marianne", "Grimaud, Marion", "Moulin, Florence", "Renolleau, Sylvain", "Allali, Slimane", "Oualha, Mehdi"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420608", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422407, "pmcid": "PMC7227547", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak: the gold rush and the responsibilities of the scientific community.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Pezzani, M D"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422407", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327411, "title": "Covid-19: New government study aims to track infection and immunity in population.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327411", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287800, "pmcid": "PMC7131627", "title": "China uses mass surveillance tech to fight spread of coronavirus.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Lu, Donna"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287800", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448638, "pmcid": "PMC7177094", "title": "Convalescent plasma, an apheresis research project targeting and motivating the fully recovered COVID 19 patients: A rousing message of clinical benefit to both donors and recipients alike.", "journal": "Transfus Apher Sci", "authors": ["Seghatchian, J", "Lanza, F"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448638", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514394, "pmcid": "PMC7255269", "title": "Symmetrical polyneuropathy in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "IDCases", "authors": ["Ghiasvand, Fereshteh", "Ghadimi, Maryam", "Ghadimi, Fatemeh", "Safarpour, Samin", "Hosseinzadeh, Roghieh", "SeyedAlinaghi, SeyedAhmad"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514394", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the novel coronavirus that began in late December 2019 was announced as a pandemic by the World Health Organization as the number of cases is increasing exponentially throughout the globe. We presented a patient with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia developing symmetric polyneuropathy. To our knowledge, extrapulmonary clinical presentations of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have rarely been reported. This case highlights the possible association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and nervous system involvement."}, {"pmid": 32304643, "pmcid": "PMC7128279", "title": "Coronavirus Outbreak: Is Radiology Ready? Mass Casualty Incident Planning.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Myers, Lee", "Balakrishnan, Sudheer", "Reddy, Sravanthi", "Gholamrezanezhad, Ali"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304643", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Health care systems worldwide should be prepared for an unusually high volume of patients in the next few weeks to months. Even the most efficient radiology department will undergo tremendous stress when victims of a mass casualty flood the emergency department and in turn the radiology department. A significant increase is expected in the number of imaging studies ordered for the initial diagnosis and treatment follow-up of cases of COVID-19. Here, we highlight recommendations for developing and implementing a mass casualty incident (MCI) plan for a viral outbreak, such as the current COVID-19 infection. The MCI plan consists of several steps, including preparation, mobilization of resources, imaging chain, adjusting imaging protocols, and education, such as MCI plan simulation and in-service training. Having an MCI plan in place for a viral outbreak will protect patients and staff and ultimately decrease virus transmission. The use of simulations will help identify throughput and logistical issues."}, {"pmid": 32390661, "pmcid": "PMC7205621", "title": "The potential impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on occupational status, work from home, and occupational mobility.", "journal": "J Vocat Behav", "authors": ["Kramer, Amit", "Kramer, Karen Z"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390661", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The economic and social shock presented by the Covid-19 pandemic is likely to reshape perceptions of individuals and organizations about work and occupations and result in both micro and macro shifts in the world of work. In this essay we focus on three occupationally-related domains that may be impacted by the pandemic. First, perceptions of the value and status of different occupations may change, resulting in both changes of occupational supply and demand (macro changes) and changes in the perceived calling and meaningfulness of different occupations (micro changes). Second, the great \"work from home experiment\" may change occupational perspectives on working from home. Organizations and researchers may be able to better understand which occupational and individual characteristics are associated with work-from-home effectiveness and better designate occupational groups and individuals to working (or not working) from home. Third, we discuss the increased segmentation of the labor market which allocate workers to \"good jobs\" and \"bad jobs\" and the contribution of occupational segmentation to inequality."}, {"pmid": 32343300, "pmcid": "PMC7189333", "title": "Pediatric Microlaryngoscopy and Bronchoscopy in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Pollaers, Katherine", "Herbert, Hayley", "Vijayasekaran, Shyan"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343300", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As an aerosol-generating procedure, traditional pediatric microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy techniques must be adapted in order to reduce the risk of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. To describe a modified technique for pediatric microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy for use in the COVID-19 era and present a case series of patients for whom the technique has been used. Observational case series of pediatric patients undergoing emergency or urgent airway procedures performed at a tertiary pediatric otolaryngology department in Australia. Procedures were completed between March 23 and April 9, 2020, with a median (range) follow-up of 24.5 (11-28) days. Modified technique for microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy, minimizing aerosolization of respiratory tract secretions. The main outcome was the feasibility of technique, which was measured by ability to perform microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy with comparable success to the usual technique (ie, adequate examination of the patient for diagnostic procedures and ability to perform interventional procedures). The technique was used successfully in 8 patients (median [range] age, 160 days [27 days to 2 years 6 months]); 5 patients were male, and 3 were female. Intervention was performed on 6 patients; 2 balloon dilations for subglottic stenosis, 2 injections of hyaluronic acid for type 1 clefts, and 2 cold-steel supraglottoplasties. No adverse events occurred. In this case series, feasibility of a modified technique for pediatric microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy was demonstrated. By reconsidering the surgical approach in light of specific COVID-19 infection risks, this technique may be associated with reduced spread of aerosolized respiratory secretions perioperatively and intraoperatively, but the technique and patient outcomes require further study."}, {"pmid": 32420049, "pmcid": "PMC7224671", "title": "Combating COVID-19 with Mesenchymal Stem Cell therapy.", "journal": "Biotechnol Rep (Amst)", "authors": ["Rajarshi, Keshav", "Chatterjee, Aroni", "Ray, Shashikant"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420049", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 disease is caused by a positive stranded RNA virus called SARS-CoV-2. The virus mainly targets the pulmonary epithelial cells as it's initial site of infection by letting its surface spike protein interact and bind to the host ACE2 receptor. The internalization and gradual replication of the virus results in an exaggerated immune response triggering release of many pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. This immune storm is responsible for multiple health hazards in the host ultimately leading to multiple organ failure. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy offers a promising approach towards mitigating the delirious effects of the infection in the COVID-19 patients. This therapy has shown to reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as repair of damaged tissues in COVID-19 patients. This review has been organized to put forward the positive aruments and implications in support of mesenchymal stem cell therapy as a necessary approach for treating COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32313886, "pmcid": "PMC7166302", "title": "Medically unexplained symptoms in the times of Covid-19 pandemic: a case-report.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun Health", "authors": ["Colizzi, Marco", "Bortoletto, Riccardo", "Silvestri, Marta", "Mondini, Federica", "Puttini, Elena", "Cainelli, Chiara", "Gaudino, Rossella", "Ruggeri, Mirella", "Zoccante, Leonardo"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313886", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In early 2020, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) leading to a potentially fatal condition was discovered. Since then, the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread worldwide becoming a pandemic. Beyond the risks strictly related to the infection, concerns have been expressed for the psychological impact that COVID-19 may have, especially on vulnerable individuals with pre-existing mental health conditions. Somatic symptom disorder (SSD) is characterized by a dysfunctional preoccupation with physical symptoms leading to excessive and unnecessary healthcare utilization. Despite being quite common, such condition remains underrecognized. We report a detailed clinical case of a 16 years old adolescent, who presented with a history suggestive of COVID-19 infection and associated psychological distress. Despite testing negative for the presence of SARS-CoV-2, his extreme and persisting health preoccupations required an inpatient admission to the Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit. He responded rapidly to a low dose of antipsychotic and an antidepressant. Based on his medical history and current presentation, he received a diagnosis of SSD. When COVID-19-like symptoms occur, we highlight the importance of differentially diagnosing a possible exacerbation of a pre-existing SSD, triggered by fear of being infected. This may help preventing further burden to the healthcare system."}, {"pmid": 32410229, "pmcid": "PMC7273070", "title": "Evidence of Increasing Diversification of Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Strains.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Castells, Matias", "Lopez-Tort, Fernando", "Colina, Rodney", "Cristina, Juan"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410229", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On January 30th, 2020, an outbreak of atypical pneumonia caused by a novel Betacoronavirus (\u03b2CoV), named SARS-CoV-2, was declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization. For this reason, a detailed evolutionary analysis of SARS-CoV-2 strains currently circulating in different geographic regions of the world was performed. A compositional analysis as well as a Bayesian coalescent analysis of complete genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 strains recently isolated in Europe, North America, South America and Asia was performed. The results of these studies revealed a diversification of SARS-CoV-2 strains in three different genetic clades. Co-circulation of different clades in different countries, as well as different genetic lineages within different clades were observed. The time of the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) was established to be around November 1, 2019. A mean rate of evolution of 6.57 x 10-4 substitutions per site per year was found. A significant migration rate per genetic lineage per year from Europe to South America was also observed. The results of these studies revealed an increasing diversification of SARS-CoV-2 strains. High evolutionary rates and fast population growth characterizes the population dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 strains. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32355889, "pmcid": "PMC7165009", "title": "What constitutes urgent endoscopy? A social media snapshot of gastroenterologists' views during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Endosc Int Open", "authors": ["Bilal, Mohammad", "Simons, Malorie", "Rahman, Asad Ur", "Smith, Zachary L", "Umar, Shifa", "Cohen, Jonah", "Sawhney, Mandeep S", "Berzin, Tyler M", "Pleskow, Douglas K"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355889", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background and study aims\u2002 There is a consensus among gastroenterology organizations that elective endoscopic procedures should be deferred during the COVID-19 pandemic. While the decision to perform urgent procedures and to defer entirely elective procedures is mostly evident, there is a wide \"middle ground\" of time-sensitive but not technically urgent or emergent endoscopic interventions. We aimed to survey gastroenterologists worldwide using Twitter to help elucidate these definitions using commonly encountered clinical scenarios during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods\u2002 A 16-question survey was designed by the authors to include common clinical scenarios that do not have clear guidelines regarding the timing or urgency of endoscopic evaluation. This survey was posted on Twitter. The survey remained open to polling for 48 hours. During this time, multiple gastroenterologists and fellows with prominent social media presence were tagged to disseminate the survey. Results\u2002 The initial tweet had 38,795 impressions with a total of 2855 engagements. There was significant variation in responses from gastroenterologists regarding timing of endoscopy in these semi-urgent scenarios. There were only three of 16 scenarios for which more than 70\u200a% of gastroenterologists agreed on procedure-timing . For example, significant variation was noted in regard to timing of upper endoscopy in patients with melena, with 44.5\u200a% of respondents believing that everyone with melena should undergo endoscopic evaluation at this time. Similarly, about 35\u200a% of respondents thought that endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography should only be performed in patients with choledocholithiasis with abdominal pain or jaundice. Conclusion\u2002 Our analysis shows that there is currently lack of consensus among gastroenterologists in regards to timing of semi-urgent or non-life-threatening procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic. These results support the need for the ongoing development of societal guidance for these \"semi-urgent\" scenarios to help gastroenterologists in making difficult triage decisions."}, {"pmid": 32430077, "pmcid": "PMC7235539", "title": "COVID-19: a plea to protect the older population.", "journal": "Int J Equity Health", "authors": ["Carrieri, Daniele", "Peccatori, Fedro Alessandro", "Boniolo, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430077", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527716, "title": "Ambitious rhetoric and appalling reality: the UK government's response to covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Cowper, Andy"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527716", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433765, "title": "COVID-19 and the potential long-term impact on antimicrobial resistance.", "journal": "J Antimicrob Chemother", "authors": ["Rawson, Timothy M", "Moore, Luke S P", "Castro-Sanchez, Enrique", "Charani, Esmita", "Davies, Frances", "Satta, Giovanni", "Ellington, Matthew J", "Holmes, Alison H"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433765", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has required an unprecedented response to control the spread of the infection and protect the most vulnerable within society. Whilst the pandemic has focused society on the threat of emerging infections and hand hygiene, certain infection control and antimicrobial stewardship policies may have to be relaxed. It is unclear whether the unintended consequences of these changes will have a net-positive or -negative impact on rates of antimicrobial resistance. Whilst the urgent focus must be on controlling this pandemic, sustained efforts to address the longer-term global threat of antimicrobial resistance should not be overlooked."}, {"pmid": 32422426, "pmcid": "PMC7211704", "title": "Importance of SARs-Cov-2 anosmia: From phenomenology to neurobiology.", "journal": "Compr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Pallanti, Stefano"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422426", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Anosmia and hypogeusia, the inability or decreased ability to smell and taste, have been reported as common complaints in SARS-CoV-2 patients who were still in an asymptomatic phase. These impairments affect the ability to sense odors in foods and the environment, obviously affecting quality of life, related to social interactions and general well-being. The British Association of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT-UK) considers loss of sense of smell in their list of COVID-19's markers of infection. Here we present two cases in which early manifestations of anosmia and hypogeusia were experienced with psycho-sensorial and atmospheric phenomena. Psychiatrists, neurologists and physicians in general should be aware of this symptom presentation in order to avoid mistreatment, given that persistent olfactory dysfunction might increase the risks of nutritional deficit and lead to development of adjustment disorders. All clinicians should be aware that the presentation of SARS-CoV-2's symptoms goes far beyond respiratory and sensorial dimensions and involves psychosensorial and neurological dimensions; these clinical observations could shed light on the neurobiological substrates involved in COVID-19 disease."}, {"pmid": 32343948, "pmcid": "PMC7194886", "title": "IgA-Ab response to spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19: A longitudinal study.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Padoan, Andrea", "Sciacovelli, Laura", "Basso, Daniela", "Negrini, Davide", "Zuin, Silvia", "Cosma, Chiara", "Faggian, Diego", "Matricardi, Paolo", "Plebani, Mario"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343948", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Validation studies of serological antibody tests must be properly designed for clinical, epidemiological and Public Health objectives such as confirmation of suspected COVID-19 cases, certification of seroconversion after infection, and epidemiological surveillance. We evaluated the kinetics of IgM, IgA and IgG SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in COVID-19 patients with confirmed (rRT-PCR) infection. We found that the IgA response appears and grows early, peaks at week 3, and it is stronger and more persistent than the IgM response. Further longitudinal investigations of virus-specific antibodies functions and of their protective efficacy over time are needed."}, {"pmid": 32501851, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection in a highly experienced person living with HIV.", "journal": "AIDS", "authors": ["Di Giambenedetto, Simona", "Del Giacomo, Paola", "Ciccullo, Arturo", "Porfidia, Angelo", "De Matteis, Giuseppe", "Cianci, Rossella", "De Vito, Francesco", "Dusina, Alex", "Borghetti, Alberto", "Tumbarello, Mario"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501851", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439274, "pmcid": "PMC7270559", "title": "COVID-19: What Should Clinicians and Scientists Do and When?", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Corley, Douglas A", "Peek, Richard M"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439274", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474032, "pmcid": "PMC7255723", "title": "COVID-19 patients with hypertension have more severity condition, and ACEI/ARB treatment have no infulence on the clinical severity and outcome.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Hu, Jianhua", "Zhang, Xiaoli", "Zhang, Xuan", "Zhao, Hong", "Lian, Jiangshan", "Hao, Shaorui", "Jia, Hongyu", "Yang, Meifang", "Lu, Yingfeng", "Xiang, Dairong", "Cai, Huan", "Zhang, Shanyan", "Gu, Jueqing", "Ye, Chanyuan", "Yu, Guodong", "Jin, Ciliang", "Zheng, Lin", "Yang, Yida", "Sheng, Jifang"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474032", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32147890, "pmcid": "PMC7161861", "title": "Emergency Management of the Prevention and Control of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in Specialized Branches of Hospital.", "journal": "Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Ma, Xiuqing", "Li, Shiyu", "Yu, Shaobin", "Ouyang, Ying", "Zeng, Lin", "Li, Xiao", "Li, Hai"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32147890", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32208412, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak.", "journal": "Panminerva Med", "authors": ["Patrucco, Filippo", "Gavelli, Francesco", "Shi, Rui", "De Vita, Nello", "Pavot, Arthur", "Castello, Luigi M", "Ravanini, Paolo", "Balbo, Piero E"], "date": "2020-03-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32208412", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32169673, "pmcid": "PMC7270525", "title": "Genetic evolution analysis of 2019 novel coronavirus and coronavirus from other species.", "journal": "Infect Genet Evol", "authors": ["Li, Chun", "Yang, Yanling", "Ren, Linzhu"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32169673", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. However, so far, there are still controversies about the source of the virus and its intermediate host. Here, we found the novel coronavirus was closely related to coronaviruses derived from five wild animals, including Paguma larvata, Paradoxurus hermaphroditus, Civet, Aselliscus stoliczkanus and Rhinolophus sinicus, and was in the same branch of the phylogenetic tree. However, genome and ORF1a homology show that the virus is not the same coronavirus as the coronavirus derived from these five animals, whereas the virus has the highest homology with Bat coronavirus isolate RaTG13."}, {"pmid": 32418181, "pmcid": "PMC7229438", "title": "Recommendations for the measurement of the QT interval during the use of drugs for COVID-19 infection treatment. Updatable in accordance with the availability of new evidence.", "journal": "J Interv Card Electrophysiol", "authors": ["Asensio, Enrique", "Acunzo, Rafael", "Uribe, William", "Saad, Eduardo B", "Saenz, Luis C"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418181", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 infection has shown rapid growth worldwide, and different therapies have been proposed for treatment, in particular, the combination of immune response modulating drugs such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine (antimalarials) alone or in combination with azithromycin. Although the clinical evidence supporting their use is scarce, the off label use of these drugs has spread very quickly in face of the progression of the epidemic and the high mortality rate in susceptible populations. However, these medications can pathologically prolong the QT interval and lead to malignant ventricular arrhythmias such that organized guidance on QT evaluation and management strategies are important to reduce morbidity associated with the potential large-scale use."}, {"pmid": 32332061, "title": "Clinical Evaluation of Three Sample-To-Answer Platforms for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Zhen, Wei", "Smith, Elizabeth", "Manji, Ryhana", "Schron, Deborah", "Berry, Gregory J"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332061", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has now spread across the globe. As part of the worldwide response, many molecular diagnostic platforms have been granted Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to identify SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. Our objective was to evaluate three sample-to-answer molecular diagnostic platforms (Cepheid Xpert\u00ae Xpress SARS-CoV-2 [Xpert Xpress], Abbott ID NOW\u2122 COVID-19 [ID NOW], GenMark ePlex\u00ae SARS-CoV-2 Test [ePlex]) to determine analytical sensitivity, clinical performance, and workflow for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swabs from 108 symptomatic patients. We found that the Xpert Xpress had the lowest limit of detection (100% detection at 100 copies/mL), followed by the ePlex (100% detection at 1,000 copies/mL), and the ID NOW (20,000 copies/mL). The Xpert Xpress also had highest positive percent agreement (PPA) when compared to our reference standard (98.3%) followed by the ePlex (91.4%) and ID now (87.7%). All three assays showed 100% negative percent agreement (NPA). In the workflow analysis, the ID NOW produced the most rapid time to result per specimen (\u223c17 minutes) as compared to the Xpert Xpress (\u223c46 minutes) and the ePlex (\u223c1.5 hours), but what the ID NOW gained in rapid results, it lost in analytical and clinical performance. The ePlex had the longest time to results and showed a slight improvement in PPA over the ID NOW. Information about the clinical and analytical performance of these assays, as well as workflow, will be critical in making informed and timely decisions on testing platform."}, {"pmid": 32511260, "title": "Quantify the role of superspreaders -opinion leaders- on COVID-19 information propagation in the Chinese Sina-microblog.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Yin, Fulian", "Xia, Xinyu", "Song, Nan", "Zhu, Lingyao", "Wu, Jianhong"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511260", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Effective communication of accurate information through social media constitutes an important component of public health interventions in modern time, when traditional public health approaches such as contact tracing, quarantine and isolation are among the few options for the containing the disease spread in the population. The success of control of COVID-19 outbreak started from Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei Province of China relies heavily on the resilience of residents to follow public health interventions which induce substantial interruption of social-economic activities, and evidence shows that opinion leaders have been playing significant roles in the propagation of epidemic information and public health policy and implementations. We design a mathematical model to quantify the roles of information superspreaders in single specific information which outbreaks rapidly and usually has a short duration period, and to examine the information propagation dynamics in the Chinese Sina-microblog. Our opinion-leader susceptible-forwarding-immune (OL-SFI) model is formulated to track the temporal evolution of forwarding quantities generated by opinion leaders and normal users. Data fitting from the real data of COVID-19 obtained from Chinese Sina-microblog can identify the different contact rates and forwarding probabilities (and hence calculate the basic information forwarding reproduction number of superspreaders), and can be used to evaluate the roles of opinion leaders in different stages of the information propagation and the outbreak unfolding. The parameterized model can be used to nearcast the information propagation trend, and the model-based sensitivity analysis can help to explore important factors for the roles of opinion leaders."}, {"pmid": 32391574, "pmcid": "PMC7272795", "title": "Comment on: COVID-19 pandemic: perspectives on an unfolding crisis - a UK perspective.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Duggan, E A H", "Appleton, S G", "Mikhail, M M"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391574", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433719, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Immune-Engaging Cancer Treatment.", "journal": "JAMA Oncol", "authors": ["Abid, Muhammad Bilal", "Mughal, Mustafa", "Abid, Muhammad Abbas"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433719", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495819, "title": "Effects of COVID-19 on Plastic Surgery Practices and Medi-Spas in Different Countries.", "journal": "Aesthet Surg J", "authors": ["Montemurro, Paolo", "Heden, Per", "Adams, William P", "de Vita, Roy", "Pellegatta, Tommaso"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495819", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32025779, "pmcid": "PMC7042184", "title": "Novel coronavirus infection during the 2019-2020 epidemic: preparing intensive care units-the experience in Sichuan Province, China.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Liao, Xuelian", "Wang, Bo", "Kang, Yan"], "date": "2020-02-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32025779", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32509287, "pmcid": "PMC7242887", "title": "COVID 19: Frontline experience at a tertiary care hospital in UK.", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Chaudhry, Faisal Bashir", "Raza, Samavia"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509287", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358833, "pmcid": "PMC7267163", "title": "A rational roadmap for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pharmacotherapeutic research and development. IUPHAR Review 29.", "journal": "Br J Pharmacol", "authors": ["Alexander, S P H", "Armstrong, J", "Davenport, A P", "Davies, J", "Faccenda, E", "Harding, S D", "Levi-Schaffer, F", "Maguire, J J", "Pawson, A J", "Southan, C", "Spedding, M J"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358833", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this review, we identify opportunities for drug discovery in the treatment of COVID-19 and in so doing, provide a rational roadmap whereby pharmacology and pharmacologists can mitigate against the global pandemic. We assess the scope for targetting key host and viral targets in the mid-term, by first screening these targets against drugs already licensed; an agenda for drug re-purposing, which should allow rapid translation to clinical trials. A simultaneous, multi-pronged approach using conventional drug discovery methodologies aimed at discovering novel chemical and biological means targetting a short-list of host and viral entities should extend the arsenal of anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. This longer-term strategy would provide a deeper pool of drug choices for future-proofing against acquired drug resistance. Second, there will be further viral threats, which will inevitably evade existing vaccines. This will require a coherent therapeutic strategy which pharmacology and pharmacologists are best placed to provide."}, {"pmid": 32362428, "pmcid": "PMC7192575", "title": "Lessons learned from chest CT in COVID-19.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Imaging", "authors": ["Soyer, P"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362428", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407131, "title": "Strengthening Local Food Systems in Times of Concomitant Global Crises: Reflections From Chile.", "journal": "Am J Public Health", "authors": ["Kanter, Rebecca", "Boza, Sofia"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407131", "countries": ["Chile"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475255, "title": "The Unique Impact of COVID-19 on Older Adults in Rural Areas.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Henning-Smith, Carrie"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475255", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Older adults in rural areas of the U.S. face unique risks related to COVID-19. Rural areas are older, on average, than urban areas, and have more underlying health conditions and fewer economic resources. Rural health care is more limited, as is access to technology and online connectivity. Altogether, this puts rural older adults at risk of not only the virus, but of not being able to meet their health care, social, and basic needs. Rural/urban inequities, combined with within-rural inequities in health, health care, and financial resources cause particular challenges to health and well-being from COVID-19 for some older adults."}, {"pmid": 32512089, "title": "Corona virus versus existence of human on the earth: A computational and biophysical approach.", "journal": "Int J Biol Macromol", "authors": ["Zehra, Zainy", "Luthra, Manav", "Siddiqui, Sobia Manaal", "Shamsi, Anas", "Gaur, Naseem", "Islam, Asimul"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512089", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 has a positive sense RNA genome of 29.9\u202fkb in size, showing high sequence similarity to the BAT-CoV, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV. SARS-CoV-2 is composed of 14 open reading frames (ORFs), which encodes for a total of 27 proteins divided into structural and non-structural proteins (NSPs). The fundamental structural protein-encoding genes are a spike protein (S) gene, envelope protein (E) gene, a membrane protein (M) gene, and a nucleocapsid protein (N) gene. They make about 33% of the entire genome and are vital for the viral life cycle. Rest 67% is distributed among different NSPs (such as Mpro, helicase, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) encoding genes across the ORFs, which are involved in virus-cell receptor interactions during viral entry. Researchers are trying to formulate vaccines, therapeutic antibodies or protein-targeted antiviral drugs to control the spread. This review proceeds stepwise through the COVID-19 outbreak, structural and genomic organization, entry mechanism, pathogenesis, and finally highlighting the essential proteins involved at each step that might be potential targets for drug discovery. Currently, approved treatment modalities consist of only supportive care and oxygen supplementation. This review is established on the current knowledge that has expanded on structural motifs and topology of proteins and their functions."}, {"pmid": 32459003, "title": "A Role for Retinoids in The Treatment of Covid-19?", "journal": "Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol", "authors": ["Trasino, Steven E"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459003", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2020 global outbreak of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) is a serious threat to international health, and thus, there is an urgent need for discovery of novel therapies or use of repurposed drugs that can make a significant impact on slowing the spread of the virus. Type 1 interferons (IFN-I) are a family cytokines of the early innate immune response to viruses that are being tested against SARS-CoV-2. However, coronaviruses similar to SARS-CoV-2 can suppress host IFN-I antiviral responses. Retinoids are a family molecules related to vitamin A that possess robust immune-modulating properties, including the ability to increase and potentiate the actions of IFN-I. Therefore, adjuvants such as retinoids, capable of increasing IFN-I-mediated antiviral responses, should be tested in combinations of IFN-I and antiviral drugs in pre-clinical studies of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32502370, "title": "Challenges faced by patients with morphea in the era of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Shahidi Dadras, Mohammad", "Namazi, Nastaran", "Nikvar, Mohammad", "Abdollahimajd, Fahimeh"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502370", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394245, "pmcid": "PMC7212835", "title": "Modelling-based evaluation of the effect of quarantine control by the Chinese government in the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak.", "journal": "Sci China Life Sci", "authors": ["Zhou, Xinkai", "Wu, Zhigui", "Yu, Ranran", "Cao, Shanni", "Fang, Wen", "Jiang, Zhen", "Yuan, Fang", "Yan, Chao", "Chen, Dijun"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394245", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382706, "pmcid": "PMC7202681", "title": "Emergent materials and industry 4.0 contribution toward pandemic diseases such as COVID-19.", "journal": "Emergent Mater", "authors": ["AlMaadeed, Mariam AlAli"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382706", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425365, "pmcid": "PMC7229974", "title": "Why should we use convalescent plasma for COVID-19?", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Franchini, Massimo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425365", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330343, "pmcid": "PMC7264777", "title": "COVID-19 in solid organ transplant recipients: Initial report from the US epicenter.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Pereira, Marcus R", "Mohan, Sumit", "Cohen, David J", "Husain, Syed A", "Dube, Geoffrey K", "Ratner, Lloyd E", "Arcasoy, Selim", "Aversa, Meghan M", "Benvenuto, Luke J", "Dadhania, Darshana M", "Kapur, Sandip", "Dove, Lorna M", "Brown, Robert S Jr", "Rosenblatt, Russell E", "Samstein, Benjamin", "Uriel, Nir", "Farr, Maryjane A", "Satlin, Michael", "Small, Catherine B", "Walsh, Thomas J", "Kodiyanplakkal, Rosy P", "Miko, Benjamin A", "Aaron, Justin G", "Tsapepas, Demetra S", "Emond, Jean C", "Verna, Elizabeth C"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330343", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Solid organ transplant recipients may be at a high risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and poor associated outcomes. We herein report our initial experience with solid organ transplant recipients with SARS-CoV-2 infection at two centers during the first 3\u00a0weeks of the outbreak in New York City. Baseline characteristics, clinical presentation, antiviral and immunosuppressive management were compared between patients with mild/moderate and severe disease (defined as ICU admission, intubation or death). Ninety patients were analyzed with a median age of 57\u00a0years. Forty-six were kidney recipients, 17 lung, 13 liver, 9 heart, and 5 dual-organ transplants. The most common presenting symptoms were fever (70%), cough (59%), and dyspnea (43%). Twenty-two (24%) had mild, 41 (46%) moderate, and 27 (30%) severe disease. Among the 68 hospitalized patients, 12% required non-rebreather and 35% required intubation. 91% received hydroxychloroquine, 66% azithromycin, 3% remdesivir, 21% tocilizumab, and 24% bolus steroids. Sixteen patients died (18% overall, 24% of hospitalized, 52% of ICU) and 37 (54%) were discharged. In this initial cohort, transplant recipients with COVID-19 appear to have more severe outcomes, although testing limitations likely led to undercounting of mild/asymptomatic cases. As this outbreak unfolds, COVID-19 has the potential to severely impact solid organ transplant recipients."}, {"pmid": 32373394, "pmcid": "PMC7198438", "title": "Using the contact network model and Metropolis-Hastings sampling to reconstruct the COVID-19 spread on the \"Diamond Princess\".", "journal": "Sci Bull (Beijing)", "authors": ["Liu, Feng", "Li, Xin", "Zhu, Gaofeng"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373394", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Traditional compartmental models such as SIR (susceptible, infected, recovered) assume that the epidemic transmits in a homogeneous population, but the real contact patterns in epidemics are heterogeneous. Employing a more realistic model that considers heterogeneous contact is consequently necessary. Here, we use a contact network to reconstruct unprotected, protected contact, and airborne spread to simulate the two-stages outbreak of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) on the \"Diamond Princess\" cruise ship. We employ Bayesian inference and Metropolis-Hastings sampling to estimate the model parameters and quantify the uncertainties by the ensemble simulation technique. During the early epidemic with intensive social contacts, the results reveal that the average transmissibility \n                        t\n                     was 0.026 and the basic reproductive number \n                        \n                            R\n                            0\n                        \n                     was 6.94, triple that in the WHO report, indicating that all people would be infected in one month. The \n                        t\n                     and \n                        \n                            R\n                            0\n                        \n                     decreased to 0.0007 and 0.2 when quarantine was implemented. The reconstruction suggests that diluting the airborne virus concentration in closed settings is useful in addition to isolation, and high-risk susceptible should follow rigorous prevention measures in case exposed. This study can provide useful implications for control and prevention measures for the other cruise ships and closed settings."}, {"pmid": 32512082, "title": "Handheld Ultrasound Devices: An Emerging Technology to Reduce Viral Spread during the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Gibson, Lauren E", "Bittner, Edward A", "Chang, Marvin G"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512082", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432977, "title": "Gemcitabine, lycorine and oxysophoridine inhibit novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in cell culture.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Zhang, Ya-Nan", "Zhang, Qiu-Yan", "Li, Xiao-Dan", "Xiong, Jin", "Xiao, Shu-Qi", "Wang, Zhen", "Zhang, Zhe-Rui", "Deng, Cheng-Lin", "Yang, Xing-Lou", "Wei, Hong-Ping", "Yuan, Zhi-Ming", "Ye, Han-Qing", "Zhang, Bo"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432977", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emerging SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with the outbreak of viral pneumonia in China is ongoing worldwide. There are no approved antiviral therapies to treat this viral disease. Here we examined the antiviral abilities of three broad-spectrum antiviral compounds gemcitabine, lycorine and oxysophoridine against SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture. We found that all three tested compounds inhibited viral replication in Vero-E6 cells at noncytotoxic concentrations. The antiviral effect of gemcitabine was suppressed efficiently by the cytidine nucleosides. Additionally, combination of gemcitabine with oxysophoridine had an additive antiviral effect against SARS-CoV-2. Our results demonstrate that broad-spectrum antiviral compounds may have a priority for the screening of antiviral compounds against newly emerging viruses to control viral infection."}, {"pmid": 32468103, "pmcid": "PMC7255907", "title": "From high volume to \"zero\" proctology: Italian experience in the COVID era.", "journal": "Int J Colorectal Dis", "authors": ["Mascagni, Domenico", "Eberspacher, Chiara", "Mascagni, Pietro", "Arezzo, Alberto", "Selvaggi, Francesco", "Sturiale, Alessandro", "Milito, Giovanni", "Naldini, Gabriele"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468103", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic hit Italy early and strongly, challenging the whole health care system. Proctological patients and surgeons are experiencing a previously unseen change in care with unknown repercussion. Here we discuss the proctological experience of 4 Italian hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Following remote brainstorming, the authors summarised their experience in managing proctological patients during the COVID-19 pandemics and put forward some practical observations to further investigate. The 4 hospitals shifted from a high-volume proctological activity to almost \"zero\" visits and surgery. Every patient accessing the hospital must respect a specific COVID-19 protocol. Proctological patients can be stratified based on presentation and management considerations into (1) neoplastic patients, the only allowed to be surgically treated, (2) the ones requiring urgent care, operated only in highly selected cases and (3) the stable, already known patients, managed remotely. Changes in the clinical management of the proctological disease are presented together with some considerations to be explored. In the absence of scientific evidence, these practical considerations may be valuable to proctological surgeons starting to face the COVID-19 pandemics. Beside the more clinical considerations, this crisis produced unexpected consequences such as an improvement of the therapeutic alliance and a shift towards telemedicine that may be worth exploring also in the post-COVID-19 era."}, {"pmid": 32369240, "title": "Cutaneous manifestations of a 21st century worldwide fungal epidemic possibly complicating the COVID-19 pandemic to jointly menace mankind.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Schwartz, Robert A", "Kapila, Rajendra"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369240", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In view of the new viral COVID-19 pandemic, the fungal Candida auris epidemic still in progress worldwide highlights non-Candida albicans candidal infections. We describe an immunocompetent woman with a cutaneous manifestation of Candida parasilopsis fungemia, a prominent eschar, which proved to be the nidus for the candidemia. We stress the value of selectively removing eschars. C. parasilopsis and C. auris are increasingly important causes of sepsis and wound infections. We emphasize that commercially available biochemical-based tests may misidentify C. auris as C. parapsilosis, and stress the added danger of C. auris to critically ill-hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Any health care facility with evidence of infection or colonization with C. auris requires very close monitoring, since this fungus is a nosocomial threat comparable to SARS-CoV-2 in its mortality and fomite adhesiveness! Both organisms have the potential to be transmitted as nosocomial pathogens; health care workers need to follow strict CDC guidelines. During this COVID-19 pandemic, every health care facility should closely monitor for the possible deadly combination of the SARS-CoV-2 and C. auris. The identification of C. auris necessitates use of sophisticated technology not readily available to make this essential diagnosis since C. auris is multi-drug resistant and isolation precautions would become paramount."}, {"pmid": 32291807, "pmcid": "PMC7262176", "title": "The importance of the minimum dosage necessary for UVC decontamination of N95 respirators during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed", "authors": ["Narla, Shanthi", "Lyons, Alexis B", "Kohli, Indermeet", "Torres, Angeli E", "Parks-Miller, Angela", "Ozog, David M", "Hamzavi, Iltefat H", "Lim, Henry W"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291807", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247017, "pmcid": "PMC7118624", "title": "Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and COVID-19 infection during pregnancy.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247017", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334674, "pmcid": "PMC7175863", "title": "[Covid-19, the Societe francaise du cancer (SFC) and the BulletinduCancer].", "journal": "Bull Cancer", "authors": ["Rodrigues, Manuel"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334674", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389502, "pmcid": "PMC7164857", "title": "[Cutaneous manifestations in the current pandemic of coronavirus infection disease (COVID 2019)].", "journal": "An Pediatr (Barc)", "authors": ["Morey-Olive, Miriam", "Espiau, Maria", "Mercadal-Hally, Maria", "Lera-Carballo, Esther", "Garcia-Patos, Vicenc"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389502", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474036, "pmcid": "PMC7255713", "title": "Qualitative serology in patients recovered from SARS CoV 2 infection.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Bettencourt, Paulo", "Fernandes, Catarina", "Gil, Ana", "Almeida, Antonio", "AlveolosMargarida"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474036", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407301, "title": "Public Health Response to COVID-19 Cases in Correctional and Detention Facilities - Louisiana, March-April 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Wallace, Megan", "Marlow, Mariel", "Simonson, Sean", "Walker, Marceia", "Christophe, Natalie", "Dominguez, Olivia", "Kleamenakis, Lauren", "Orellana, Angie", "Pagan-Pena, Doriselys", "Singh, Calandre", "Pogue, Michele", "Saucier, Leslie", "Lo, Terrence", "Benson, Kelsey", "Sokol, Theresa"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407301", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Correctional and detention facilities face unique challenges in the control of infectious diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (1-3). Among >10 million annual admissions to U.S. jails, approximately 55% of detainees are released back into their communities each week (4); in addition, staff members at correctional and detention facilities are members of their local communities. Thus, high rates of COVID-19 in correctional and detention facilities also have the potential to influence broader community transmission. In March 2020, the Louisiana Department of Health (LDH) began implementing surveillance for COVID-19 among correctional and detention facilities in Louisiana and identified cases and outbreaks in many facilities. In response, LDH and CDC developed and deployed the COVID-19 Management Assessment and Response (CMAR) tool to guide technical assistance focused on infection prevention and control policies and case management with correctional and detention facilities. This report describes COVID-19 prevalence in correctional and detention facilities detected through surveillance and findings of the CMAR assessment. During March 25-April 22, 489 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases, including 37 (7.6%) hospitalizations and 10 (2.0%) deaths among incarcerated or detained persons, and 253 cases, including 19 (7.5%) hospitalizations and four (1.6%) deaths among staff members were reported. During April 8-22, CMAR telephone-based assessments were conducted with 13 of 31 (42%) facilities with laboratory-confirmed cases and 11 of 113 (10%) facilities without known cases. Administrators had awareness and overall understanding of CDC guidance for prevention of transmission in these facilities but reported challenges in implementation, related to limited space to quarantine close contacts of COVID-19 patients and inability of incarcerated and detained persons to engage in social distancing, particularly in dormitory-style housing. CMAR was a useful tool that helped state and federal public health officials assist multiple correctional and detention facilities to better manage COVID-19 patients and guide control activities to prevent or mitigate transmission."}, {"pmid": 32406623, "title": "COVID-19, Negligence and Occupational Health and Safety: Ethical and Legal Issues for Hospitals and Health Centres.", "journal": "J Law Med", "authors": ["Freckelton, Ian"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406623", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The international incidence of health workers being infected with COVID-19 is deeply troubling. Until a vaccine is developed, they are the community's bulwark against the pandemic. It is vital that they be protected to the maximum extent possible. This entails the need for implementation of effective and compassionate protocols to keep their workplace as safe as possible for them, their colleagues and their patients in a context of much as yet not being known about the virus and awareness that some persons infected by it are for a time at least asymptomatic and that others test negative for it when they are prodromal or even already displaying some symptomatology. This has repercussions both for the liability of hospitals and multi-practitioner centres for negligence and also under occupational health and safety legislation. With the commencement of the roll out of biosecurity and disaster/emergency measures by government and escalating levels of anxiety in the general population, it is important to reflect upon the measures that most effectively can be adopted practically and ethically to protect the health and safety of those whose task it is to care for us if we become infected by COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32454184, "pmcid": "PMC7255186", "title": "Development of a Palliative Care Toolkit for the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Thomas, Jane deLima", "Leiter, Richard E", "Abrahm, Janet L", "Shameklis, Jaclyn C", "Kiser, Stephanie B", "Gelfand, Samantha L", "Sciacca, Kate R", "Reville, Barbara", "Siegert, Callie A", "Zhang, Haipeng", "Lai, Lucinda", "Sato, Rintaro", "Smith, Lorie N", "Kamdar, Mihir M", "Greco, Lauren", "Lee, Kathleen A", "Tulsky, James A", "Lawton, Andrew J"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454184", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has led to high numbers of critically ill and dying patients in need of expert management of dyspnea, delirium, and serious illness communication. The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 creates surges of infected patients requiring hospitalization and puts palliative care programs at risk of being overwhelmed by patients, families, and clinicians seeking help. In response to this unprecedented need for palliative care, our program sought to create a collection of palliative care resources for non-palliative care clinicians. A workgroup of interdisciplinary palliative care clinicians developed the Palliative Care Toolkit, consisting of a detailed chapter in a COVID-19 online resource, a mobile and desktop web application, one-page guides, pocket cards, and communication skills training videos. The suite of resources provides expert and evidence-based guidance on symptom management including dyspnea, pain, and delirium, and also on serious illness communication, including conversations about goals of care, code status, and end-of-life. We also created a nurse resource hotline staffed by palliative care nurse practitioners and virtual office hours staffed by a palliative care attending physician. Since its development, the Toolkit has helped us disseminate best practices to non-palliative care clinicians delivering primary palliative care, allowing our team to focus on the highest-need consults, and increasing acceptance of palliative care across hospital settings."}, {"pmid": 32033064, "pmcid": "PMC7074297", "title": "The Rate of Underascertainment of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infection: Estimation Using Japanese Passengers Data on Evacuation Flights.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Nishiura, Hiroshi", "Kobayashi, Tetsuro", "Yang, Yichi", "Hayashi, Katsuma", "Miyama, Takeshi", "Kinoshita, Ryo", "Linton, Natalie M", "Jung, Sung-Mok", "Yuan, Baoyin", "Suzuki, Ayako", "Akhmetzhanov, Andrei R"], "date": "2020-02-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32033064", "countries": ["Japan", "China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From 29 to 31 January 2020, a total of 565 Japanese citizens were evacuated from Wuhan, China on three chartered flights. All passengers were screened upon arrival in Japan for symptoms consistent with novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection and tested for presence of the virus. Assuming that the mean detection window of the virus can be informed by the mean serial interval (estimated at 7.5 days), the ascertainment rate of infection was estimated at 9.2% (95% confidence interval: 5.0, 20.0). This indicates that the incidence of infection in Wuhan can be estimated at 20,767 infected individuals, including those with asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic infections. The infection fatality risk (IFR)-the actual risk of death among all infected individuals-is therefore 0.3% to 0.6%, which may be comparable to Asian influenza pandemic of 1957-1958."}, {"pmid": 32359401, "pmcid": "PMC7252132", "title": "A COVID-19 conference at AIDS 2020: Virtual.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Pozniak, Anton", "Bekker, Linda-Gail", "Kamarulzaman, Adeeba", "Gandhi, Monica", "Horton, Richard", "Das, Pamela", "Beyrer, Chris"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359401", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405164, "pmcid": "PMC7196171", "title": "2019-nCoV - Towards a 4th generation vaccine.", "journal": "Bioinformation", "authors": ["Chiappelli, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405164", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first report of the unusual manifestation of pneumonia-like symptoms in Wuhan City, China was made on 31 December 2019. Within one week, the Chinese authorities reported that they had identified the causative agent as a new member of the Coronavirus family, the same family of that was responsible for MERS and SARS not so many years ago. The new virus was called Novel Coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV). Three weeks later, the World Health Organization declared that 2019-nCoV was capable of direct human-to-human transmission, the virus had spread across several countries in three continents, and had infected close to two thousand people, of whom at least 1 in 5 quite severely. The number of fatalities was fast rising. Yet, the World Health Organization officially announced that there is still at present no recommended anti-nCoV vaccine for subject at-risk, nor treatment for patients with suspected or confirmed nCoV, let alone 2019-nCov. It is therefore timely and critical to propose new possible and practical approaches for preventive interventions for subjects at-risk, and for treatment of patients afflicted with 2019-nCov-induced disease (Corona Virus Disease 2019; COVID-19) before the present situation explodes into a worldwide pandemic. One such potential clinical protocol is proposed as a hypothesis."}, {"pmid": 32424589, "pmcid": "PMC7233675", "title": "Virtual Surgical Fellowship Recruitment During COVID-19 and Its Implications for Resident/Fellow Recruitment in the Future.", "journal": "Ann Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Vining, Charles C", "Eng, Oliver S", "Hogg, Melissa E", "Schuitevoerder, Darryl", "Silverman, Rebecca S", "Yao, Katharine A", "Winchester, David J", "Roggin, Kevin K", "Talamonti, Mark S", "Posner, Mitchell C", "Turaga, Kiran K", "Tseng, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424589", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has overlapped with the scheduled interview periods of over 20 surgical subspecialty fellowships, including the Complex General Surgical Oncology (CGSO) fellowships in the National Resident Matching Program and the Society of Surgical Oncology's Breast Surgical Oncology fellowships. We outline the successful implementation of and processes behind a virtual interview day for CGSO fellowship recruitment after the start of the pandemic. The virtual CGSO fellowship interview process at the University of Chicago Medicine and NorthShore University Health System was outlined and implemented. Separate voluntary, anonymous online secure feedback surveys were email distributed to interview applicants and faculty interviewers after the interview day concluded. Sixteen of 20 interview applicants (80.0%) and 12 of 13 faculty interviewers (92.3%) completed their respective feedback surveys. Seventy-five percent (12/16) of applicants and all faculty respondents (12/12) stated the interview process was 'very seamless' or 'seamless'. Applicants and faculty highlighted decreased cost, time savings, and increased efficiency as some of the benefits to virtual interviewing. Current circumstances related to the COVID-19 pandemic require fellowship programs to adapt and conduct virtual interviews. Our report describes the successful implementation of a virtual interview process. This report describes the technical steps and pitfalls of organizing such an interview and provides insights into the experience of the interviewer and interviewee."}, {"pmid": 32352575, "pmcid": "PMC7267316", "title": "Comment on \"The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients\".", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Chigr, Fatiha", "Merzouki, Mohamed", "Najimi, Mohamed"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352575", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We have read with great care and interest the article by Li\u00a0et al The authors provide interesting elements with respect to the possible entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 at the brain area and plead for an implication of the central nervous system\u00a0in respiratory problems linked to coronavirus disease. Here we provide additional elements that support those observations, notably the role of brainstem structures located in the medulla oblongata in modulating respiration. We also discussed the possible pathways the virus uses to cross the brain blood barrier and reach the brainstem."}, {"pmid": 32515210, "title": "Charting a Research Agenda for the Advancement of Nursing Organizations' Influence on Health Systems and Policy.", "journal": "Can J Nurs Res", "authors": ["Chiu, Patrick", "Duncan, Susan", "Whyte, Nora"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515210", "countries": ["Canada"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nursing organizations across Canada play a significant role in influencing and shaping public policy. 2020, the Year of the Nurse and the Midwife, is an opportune time not only to support nurses in building policy leadership but also to explore opportunities to better understand and strengthen the policy advocacy work of nursing organizations. Given various social, political, and economic forces, the nature of organized nursing across Canada is changing significantly. We draw on recent key national and global events including our systematic inquiry into the Canada's 2019 federal election, the Year of the Nurse and Midwife, and the Coronavirus pandemic to examine how Canadian nursing organizations respond in highly complex and evolving contexts. We use our observations to offer a vision and chart a research agenda for the advancement of nursing organizations' influence on health systems and policy. Specifically, we focus on three key areas including examining nursing organizations' policy agendas and spheres of influence; nursing organizations' decision-making around policy advocacy tactics and engagement approaches; and the impact of policy advocacy coalitions and networks on nursing organizations' influence."}, {"pmid": 32516032, "title": "Icarus and Sports After COVID 19: Too Close to the Sun?", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Baggish, Aaron L", "Levine, Benjamin D"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516032", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426311, "pmcid": "PMC7203211", "title": "Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection in Children: The Dark Side of a Worldwide Outbreak.", "journal": "Front Pediatr", "authors": ["Buonsenso, Danilo", "Zampino, Giuseppe", "Valentini, Piero"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426311", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this pediatric perspectives article, we discuss current limits in the understanding of novel coronavirus infection. In our opinion, the burden of novel coronavirus infections is underestimated because not actively looked for. We discuss the basis of our observations and what this can generate, suggesting a different approach for the search of the virus in children."}, {"pmid": 32368736, "pmcid": "PMC7193143", "title": "Global rheumatology in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Rheumatol", "authors": ["Lewandowski, Laura B", "Hsieh, Evelyn"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368736", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324460, "title": "Looking beyond the coronavirus: lessons and principles.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["McKinnon, John"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324460", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386946, "pmcid": "PMC7190479", "title": "Covid-19 cases in a no-Covid-19 geriatric acute care setting. A sporadic occurrence?", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Fumagalli, Stefano", "Salani, Bernardo", "Gabbani, Luciano", "Mossello, Enrico", "Ungar, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386946", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313527, "pmcid": "PMC7165276", "title": "[Coronavirus vaccines].", "journal": "Vacunas", "authors": ["Urbiztondo, L", "Borras, E", "Mirada, G"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313527", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32318986, "pmcid": "PMC7173684", "title": "Knowledge, Perceptions, and Attitude of Egyptians Towards the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Community Health", "authors": ["Abdelhafiz, Ahmed Samir", "Mohammed, Zeinab", "Ibrahim, Maha Emad", "Ziady, Hany H", "Alorabi, Mohamed", "Ayyad, Mohamed", "Sultan, Eman A"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318986", "countries": ["Egypt"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been recognized as a pandemic by the\u00a0World Health Organization. Global efforts have been exerted to prevent the spreading of the disease through political decisions together with personal behaviors, which depend on awareness of the public. The goal of this study is to assess the knowledge, perceptions and attitude of the Egyptian public towards the COVID-19 disease. We conducted a cross-sectional survey about these points, which was distributed among adult Egyptians. Five hundred and fifty nine persons completed the survey. The mean knowledge score was 16.39 out of 23, gained mainly though social media (66.9%), and the internet (58.3%). Knowledge was significantly lower among older, less educated, lower income participants, and rural residents. Most participants (86.9%) were concerned about the risk of infection. While 37.6% thought that their salary will be continued if they become isolated, 68.5% believed that it should be continued during this period. About 73.0% were looking forward to get the vaccine when available. In general, participants had a good knowledge about the disease and a positive attitude towards protective measures. This knowledge is gained mainly through novel media channels, which have pros and cons. Although the government has taken major steps to educate the public and limit the spread of the disease, more effort is needed to educate and support the lower economic strata. If a vaccine or a treatment is approved, we recommend a government control over its use to preserve the rights of the vulnerable and needy groups."}, {"pmid": 32381511, "title": "COVID-19 global pandemic: options for management of gynecologic cancers. The experience in surgical management of ovarian cancer in the second highest affected Italian region.", "journal": "Int J Gynecol Cancer", "authors": ["Perrone, Anna Myriam", "De Palma, Alessandra", "De Iaco, Pierandrea"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381511", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468413, "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic: is our medicine still evidence-based?", "journal": "Ir J Med Sci", "authors": ["Deana, Cristian"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468413", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is no randomized controlled trial that demonstrated the efficacy of antiviral therapy against COVID-19 yet. However, physicians are prescribing different drugs to a large part of COVID-19 population in the hope they will cure them. This does not reflect the evidence-based medicine approach. What we need is more evidence-based knowledge about what routine care practices we should to apply to ameliorate symptoms of patients and fight COVID-19 pathology."}, {"pmid": 32315904, "pmcid": "PMC7159846", "title": "Association between short-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 infection: Evidence from China.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Zhu, Yongjian", "Xie, Jingui", "Huang, Fengming", "Cao, Liqing"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315904", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus pneumonia, namely COVID-19, has become a global public health problem. Previous studies have found that air pollution is a risk factor for respiratory infection by carrying microorganisms and affecting body's immunity. This study aimed to explore the relationship between ambient air pollutants and the infection caused by the novel coronavirus. Daily confirmed cases, air pollution concentration and meteorological variables in 120 cities were obtained from January 23, 2020 to February 29, 2020 in China. We applied a generalized additive model to investigate the associations of six air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO, NO2 and O3) with COVID-19 confirmed cases. We observed significantly positive associations of PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and O3 in the last two weeks with newly COVID-19 confirmed cases. A 10-\u03bcg/m3 increase (lag0-14) in PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and O3 was associated with a 2.24% (95% CI: 1.02 to 3.46), 1.76% (95% CI: 0.89 to 2.63), 6.94% (95% CI: 2.38 to 11.51), and 4.76% (95% CI: 1.99 to 7.52) increase in the daily counts of confirmed cases, respectively. However, a 10-\u03bcg/m3 increase (lag0-14) in SO2 was associated with a 7.79% decrease (95% CI: -14.57 to -1.01) in COVID-19 confirmed cases. Our results indicate that there is a significant relationship between air pollution and COVID-19 infection, which could partially explain the effect of national lockdown and provide implications for the control and prevention of this novel disease."}, {"pmid": 32314563, "pmcid": "PMC7194525", "title": "Responding to COVID-19: Perspectives From the Chinese Society of Gastroenterology.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Mao, Ren", "Liang, Jie", "Wu, Kai-Chun", "Chen, Min-Hu"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314563", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484782, "title": "Oxford Royal College of General Practitioners Clinical Informatics Digital Hub: Rapid innovation to deliver extended COVID-19 surveillance and trial platforms.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["de Lusignan, Simon", "Jones, Nicholas", "Dorward, Jienchi", "Byford, Rachel", "Liyanage, Harshana", "Briggs, John", "Ferreira, Filipa", "Akinyemi, Oluwafunmi", "Amirthalingam, Gayatri", "Bates, Chris", "Lopez Bernal, Jamie", "Dabrera, Gavin", "Eavis, Alex", "Elliot, Alex J", "Feher, Michael", "Krajenbrink, Else", "Hoang, Uy", "Howsam, Gary", "Leach, Jonathan", "Okusi, Cecilia", "Nicholson, Brian", "Nieri, Philip", "Sherlock, Julian", "Smith, Gillian", "Thomas, Mark", "Wood, Ian", "Zambon, Maria", "Parry, John", "O'Hanlon, Shaun", "Joy, Mark", "Butler, Chris", "Marshall, Martin", "Hobbs, Fd Richard"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484782", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Routinely recorded primary care data have been used for many years by sentinel networks for surveillance. More recently, real world data have been used for a wider range of research projects with the anticipation they could be used to support rapid, lower cost clinical trials. Much larger numbers of general practices are required to deliver effective surveillance and in-pandemic trials, given the partial national lockdown has resulted in falling community disease incidence. To describe the rapid design and development of the Oxford Royal College of General Practitioners Clinical Informatics Digital (ORCHID) Hub, and its first two platforms. The Surveillance Platform will provide extended primary care surveillance, while the Trials Platform will be a streamlined clinical trials platform integrated into routine primary care practice. We will apply the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) metadata principles to a new, integrated digital health hub that will extract routinely collected general practice electronic health data for use in clinical trials and provide enhanced communicable disease surveillance. The hub will be findable through membership of Health Data Research UK and European metadata repositories. Accessibility through an online application system will allow study-ready datasets to be accessed or custom datasets developed. Interoperability will be facilitated by fixed linkage to other key sources such as Hospital Episodes Statistics and the Office of National Statistics using pseudonymised data. All semantic descriptors (i.e. ontologies) and code used for analysis will be made available, to accelerate analyses. We will also make data available using common data models starting with the FDA Sentinel and OMOP approaches to facilitate international studies. The Surveillance Platform will provide access to data for health protection and promotion work as authorised through agreements between Oxford, the Royal College of General Practitioners and by Public Health England. All studies using the Trials Platform will have gone through appropriate ethical and other regulatory approval. The hub will be a bottom-up, professionally led network ensuring benefits for member practices, our health service and the population served. Data will only be used for SQuIRE (surveillance, quality improvement, research and education) purposes. There has already been a positive response from practices and the number in the network has doubled since February 2020 to over 1,150. COVID-19 Surveillance has delivered a trebling of virology sites to 293 (target 300), helping collect the largest ever weekly total of surveillance swabs in the UK as well as over 3,000 SARS-CoV-2 serology samples. Practices are recruiting to the PRINCIPLE trial and follow-up of these participants will take place through ORCHID. These initial outputs demonstrate the feasibility of ORCHID to provide an extended national, digital health hub. ORCHID will deliver equitable and innovative use of big data, through a professionally-led national primary care network and the application of FAIR principles. The secure data hub will host routinely collected general practice data linked to other key healthcare repositories for clinical trials and support enhanced surveillance in-situ, without always needing large volume data extracts. ORCHID will support rapid data extraction, analysis and dissemination with the aim of improving future research and development in general practice to positively impact upon patient care. "}, {"pmid": 32348050, "title": "[Management of gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases during the COVID-19 outbreak].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Restellini, Sophie", "Buyse, Sophie", "Godat, Sebastien", "Goossens, Nicolas", "Maillard, Michel H"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348050", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 infection poses new challenges in the management of patients with gastrointestinal or liver disease. Consultations with patients with chronic diseases should ideally be done via telemedicine and treatments administered at home if possible. The latter should be maintained in non-infected subjects to limit the risk of decompensation of their underlying disease. In the event of proven infection, immunomodulatory or biological treatments will tend to be reduced or discontinued unless the disease is in a severely active phase. Elective endoscopy should be postponed, and urgent procedures should be performed with appropriate personal protective equipment."}, {"pmid": 32473036, "title": "Control measures to prevent Coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-19pandemic in endoscopy centers: a multi-centre study.", "journal": "Dig Endosc", "authors": ["Huang, Qing", "Liu, Guanyi", "Wang, Jiewei", "Duan, Tianjiao", "Feng, Yun", "Lin, Xiaoqing", "Zhu, Yuanmin", "Wang, Huihui", "Cui, Yi", "He, Shuixiang", "Zhu, Yunqing", "Li, Peng", "Rong, Long", "Liu, Yulan"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473036", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate control measures for COVID-19 pandemic in GIE centers in China. This is a retrospective multi-centre research, including seven centers. Data collection was from 1st Feb to 31st Mar 2020 and the same period last year. There were a total of 28 COVID-19 definite cases in these hospitals. Six out of seven GIE centers were arranged to shut down on 1st Feb, with a mean shutdown days of 23.6\u00b15.3. The actual workloads were only 10.3%-62.9% compared to those last year. All centers had a preoperative COVID-19 screening process. Epidemiological questionnaire, temperature taking and QR-code of journey were conducted. Chest CT scan were conducted during the shutdown period and continued in five centers after return to work. Antibody and nucleic acid test were applied in 1-3 centers. All endoscopists had advanced PPE. Five centers used surgical mask and the rest used N95 mask. Six centers used goggles or face shield. Five centers selected isolation gowns and the rest selected protective suits. The change frequency of these PPE was 4 hours. Sterilizing measures were improved in six centers. Five centers utilized ultraviolet and six centers strengthened natural ventilation. Four and six centers used peracetic acid during the period of shutdown and return to work, alone or matched with OPA or acidified water. Many effective control measures were conducted in GIE centers during the outbreak, including patients' volume limitation, preoperative COVID-19 screening, advanced PPE and disinfection methods."}, {"pmid": 32405120, "pmcid": "PMC7217793", "title": "The contribution of diabetic micro-angiopathy to adverse outcomes in COVID-19.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Whyte, Martin B", "Vas, Prashanth", "Heiss, Christian", "Feher, Michael D"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405120", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32269121, "title": "International Expansion of a Novel SARS-CoV-2 Mutant.", "journal": "J Virol", "authors": ["Wang, Minjin", "Li, Mengjiao", "Ren, Ruotong", "Li, Lifeng", "Chen, En-Qiang", "Li, Weimin", "Ying, Binwu"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269121", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428909, "title": "Joint Statement on the Role of Respiratory Rehabilitation in the COVID-19 Crisis: The Italian Position Paper.", "journal": "Respiration", "authors": ["Vitacca, Michele", "Carone, Mauro", "Clini, Enrico Maria", "Paneroni, Mara", "Lazzeri, Marta", "Lanza, Andrea", "Privitera, Emilia", "Pasqua, Franco", "Gigliotti, Francesco", "Castellana, Giorgio", "Banfi, Paolo", "Guffanti, Enrico", "Santus, Pierachille", "Ambrosino, Nicolino"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428909", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the exponential growth of the number of subjects affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the entire Italian health care system had to respond promptly and in a very short time with the need of semi-intensive and intensive care units. Moreover, trained dedicated COVID-19 teams consisting of physicians were coming from different specialties (intensivists or pneumologists and infectiologists), while respiratory therapists and nurses have been recruited to work on and on without rest. However, due to still limited and evolving knowledge of COVID-19, there are few recommendations concerning the need in respiratory rehabilitation and physiotherapy interventions. The presentation of this paper is the result of a consensus promoted by the Italian societies of respiratory health care professionals who contacted pulmonologists directly involved in the treatment and rehabilitation of COVID-19. The aim was to formulate the more proper and common suggestions to be applied in different hospital settings in offering rehabilitative programs and physiotherapy workforce planning for COVID-19 patients. Two main areas of intervention were identified: organization and treatment, which are described in this paper to face the emergency."}, {"pmid": 32370269, "title": "Smoking and SARS-CoV-2 Disease (COVID-19): Dangerous Liaisons or Confusing Relationships?", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Li Volti, Giovanni", "Caruso, Massimo", "Polosa, Riccardo"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370269", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We read with great interest the article by Brake SJ and colleagues [...]."}, {"pmid": 32475734, "pmcid": "PMC7243788", "title": "Trauma transformed: A positive review of change during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg", "authors": ["Valand, Poonam", "Lloyd, Nola", "Robson, Megan", "Steele, Jessica"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475734", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Charles Moore in The Telegraph recently described the NHS as 'lumbering'.1 Far from this description, it has been our experience that the NHS has rapidly transformed across specialties in order to respond to the unprecedented global crisis of COVID-19. We describe here the multiple ways in which the plastic surgery trauma service at Salisbury District Hospital swiftly adapted over a two-week period in March 2020. Our aim is to deliver a tailored trauma service whilst adhering to the same high standards of patient care established prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. It is our view that many of these changes will be positive enduring practices for the future."}, {"pmid": 32386125, "pmcid": "PMC7272930", "title": "Capturing patient-reported outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: Development of the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance Patient Experience Survey.", "journal": "Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)", "authors": ["Sirotich, Emily", "Dillingham, Sarah", "Grainger, Rebecca", "Hausmann, Jonathan S"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386125", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Global Rheumatology Alliance (C19-GRA) was formed in March 2020 as a grassroots organization to coordinate the response of the international rheumatology community to the pandemic [1]. The C19-GRA launched an international, secure, de-identified physician registry of patients with rheumatic diseases infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to provide insights into the management and treatment of COVID-19 in this population."}, {"pmid": 32259611, "pmcid": "PMC7270733", "title": "COVID-19 infection in Italian people with diabetes: Lessons learned for our future (an experience to be used).", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Gentile, Sandro", "Strollo, Felice", "Ceriello, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259611", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404787, "title": "CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 IN NEWBORNS AND VERY YOUNG INFANTS: A SERIES OF SIX PATIENTS IN FRANCE.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Meslin, Pauline", "Guiomard, Clara", "Chouakria, Mouna", "Porcher, Julie", "Duquesne, Frederique", "Tiprez, Catherine", "Zemouri, Neila"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404787", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present here a series of 6 infants hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 infection from March 14 to March 30, 5 of them are newborns. All 6 patients presented with fever, it was the main symptom for all of them. Only one of them needed oxygen; the others were hospitalized for surveillance but did not need specific care. In our series, coronavirus disease 2019 infection is mostly mild in neonates."}, {"pmid": 32360939, "pmcid": "PMC7192072", "title": "Effect of temperature on the infectivity of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ujiie, Mugen", "Tsuzuki, Shinya", "Ohmagari, Norio"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360939", "countries": ["Japan", "China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the influence of temperature on the infectivity of COVID-19 in Japan. We evaluated the relationship between the accumulated number of patients per 1,000,000 population and the average temperature in February 2020 in each prefecture by Poisson regression analysis. We introduced the monthly number of inbound visitors from China in January 2020 in each prefecture and old-age dependency ratio as additional explanatory variables in the model. Monthly inbound visitors from China in January 2020, old-age dependency ratio, and mean temperature in February 2020 are associated with the cumulative number of COVID-19 case on March 16, 2020. Our analysis showed a possible association between low temperature and increased risk of COVID-19 infection. Further evaluation would be desirable at a global level."}, {"pmid": 32457055, "title": "Covid-19: Japan ends state of emergency but warns of \"new normal\".", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Looi, Mun-Keat"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457055", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444349, "title": "Public inquiry into UK's response to covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["McKee, Martin", "Gill, Mike", "Wollaston, Sarah"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444349", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313207, "pmcid": "PMC7167496", "title": "Human monoclonal antibodies block the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor.", "journal": "Cell Mol Immunol", "authors": ["Chen, Xiangyu", "Li, Ren", "Pan, Zhiwei", "Qian, Chunfang", "Yang, Yang", "You, Renrong", "Zhao, Jing", "Liu, Pinghuang", "Gao, Leiqiong", "Li, Zhirong", "Huang, Qizhao", "Xu, Lifan", "Tang, Jianfang", "Tian, Qin", "Yao, Wei", "Hu, Li", "Yan, Xiaofeng", "Zhou, Xinyuan", "Wu, Yuzhang", "Deng, Kai", "Zhang, Zheng", "Qian, Zhaohui", "Chen, Yaokai", "Ye, Lilin"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313207", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501368, "pmcid": "PMC7237379", "title": "Forecasting the prevalence of COVID-19 outbreak in Egypt using nonlinear autoregressive artificial neural networks.", "journal": "Process Saf Environ Prot", "authors": ["Saba, Amal I", "Elsheikh, Ammar H"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501368", "countries": ["Egypt"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is a new Coronavirus, with first reported human infections in late 2019. COVID-19 has been officially declared as a universal pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). The epidemiological characteristics of COVID-2019 have not been completely understood yet. More than 200,000 persons were killed during this epidemic (till 1 May 2020). Therefore, developing forecasting models to predict the spread of that epidemic is a critical issue. In this study, statistical and artificial intelligence based approaches have been proposed to model and forecast the prevalence of this epidemic in Egypt. These approaches are autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and nonlinear autoregressive artificial neural networks (NARANN). The official data reported by The Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population of COVID-19 cases in the period between 1 March and 10 May 2020 was used to train the models. The forecasted cases showed a good agreement with officially reported cases. The obtained results of this study may help the Egyptian decision-makers to put short-term future plans to face this epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32443944, "title": "Gender Analysis of COVID-19 Outbreak in South Korea: A Common Challenge and Call for Action.", "journal": "Health Educ Behav", "authors": ["Kim, Saerom", "Kim, Jin-Hwan", "Park, Yukyung", "Kim, Sun", "Kim, Chang-Yup"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443944", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aims to analyze South Korea's experience during the COVID-19 outbreak through a gendered lens. We briefly introduce the COVID-19 outbreak in Korea, scrutinize gendered vulnerability in contracting the virus, and then analyze the gendered aspects of the pandemic response in two phases: quarantine policy and mitigation policy. The authors elicit four lessons from the analysis. First, gender needs to be mainstreamed at all stages of a public health emergency response. Second, in addition to medical care, all formal and informal care work should be considered as an essential component of health care systems. Third, a people-centered approach in health governance should be prioritized to make women's voices heard at every level. Fourth, medical technology and resources to cope with pandemic should be produced and distributed in an equitable manner, acknowledging differential vulnerability and susceptibility."}, {"pmid": 32301808, "pmcid": "PMC7188047", "title": "The Distancing of Surgeon from Patient in the era of COVID-19: Bring on the Innovation.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Scalea, Joseph R"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301808", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471831, "pmcid": "PMC7267890", "title": "Reply to Siniorakis et al., \"COVID-19 Interference with Renin-Angiotensin System in the Context of Heart Failure\".", "journal": "mBio", "authors": ["Fedson, David S", "Opal, Steven M", "Rordam, Ole Martin"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471831", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329524, "pmcid": "PMC7264741", "title": "COVID-19 and emergency surgery.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Hogan, A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329524", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361324, "pmcid": "PMC7151472", "title": "Dynamic profile of RT-PCR findings from 301 COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China: A descriptive study.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Xiao, Ai Tang", "Tong, Yi Xin", "Gao, Chun", "Zhu, Li", "Zhang, Yu Jie", "Zhang, Sheng"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361324", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, its effect on society is amplified. We aimed to describe the viral detection results across different timepoints throughout the disease course. A retrospective study of 301 confirmed COVID-19 patients hospitalized at Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, China, were included. Demographic characteristics of the patients were collected. Upper respiratory specimens (throat and/or nasal swabs) were obtained and analyzed by real-time RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Period of viral infection and the contagious stage were analyzed. Of 301 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, the median age was 58 years and 51.2 % were male. The median period between symptoms presence and positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR results was 16 days (IQR, 10-23, N\u202f=\u202f301). The median period between symptoms presence and an effective negative SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR result was 20 days (IQR, 17-24; N\u202f=\u202f216). Infected patient \u226565 years old stayed contagious longer (22 days vs 19 days, p\u202f=\u202f0.015). Although two consecutive negative results were confirmed in 70 patients, 30 % of them had positive viral test results for the third time. Using specimens from nasal swabs to run the RT-PCR test showed a higher positive rate than using specimens from throat swabs. This large-scale investigation with 1113 RT-PCR test results from 301 COVID-19 patients showed that the average contagious period of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients was 20 days. Longer observation period and more than 2 series of negative viral test are necessary for patients \u226565 years."}, {"pmid": 32523150, "title": "Potential pro-arrhythmic effects of pharmacotherapy against SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Medeiros-Domingo, Argelia", "Carrasco, Omar F", "Berni-Betancourt, Ana"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523150", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic caused by the SARS-COV-2 or COVID-19 virus has been a global challenge given its high rate of transmission and lack of effective therapy or vaccine. This scenario has led to the use of various drugs that have demonstrated a potential effect against the virus in vitro. However, time has not been enough to properly evaluate their clinical effectiveness. The use of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin and antiviral treatment and has been proposed by various groups, supported by in-vitro studies and limited patient series, without the adequate scientific rigor that precedes drug prescription. Although it may represent the only hope for many patients, it is important to know the main adverse effects associated with the use of these drugs and to better select patients who may benefit from them."}, {"pmid": 32427212, "pmcid": "PMC7232606", "title": "Post COVID 19 and food pathways to sustainable transformation.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Blay-Palmer, Alison", "Carey, Rachel", "Valette, Elodie", "Sanderson, Matthew R"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427212", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517972, "title": "Using the Electronic Health Record to Conduct Adolescent Telehealth Visits in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Carlson, Jennifer L", "Goldstein, Rachel"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517972", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313215, "pmcid": "PMC7167530", "title": "Prevention and control strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Cancer", "authors": ["Tan, Juan", "Yang, Chao"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313215", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has had a major impact worldwide due to its high infectiousness. Patients with cancer are more susceptible to infection and more likely to have severe events than other patients. This paper proposes management strategies for cancer patients that are beneficial for pandemic control and reduce the impact of the pandemic\u00a0on cancer patients."}, {"pmid": 32492211, "title": "Lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon combination therapy may help shorten the duration of viral shedding in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study in two designated hospitals in Anhui, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zuo, Yan", "Liu, Yunlei", "Zhong, Qi", "Zhang, Ke", "Xu, Yuanhong", "Wang, Zhongxin"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492211", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Prolonged viral shedding may pose a threat to the control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and data on the duration of SARS-CoV-2 shedding are still limited, with the associated factors being unknown. All adult patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study in two designated hospitals during 21 January 2020-16 March 2020 in Anhui, China. In all patients, data on the duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding were analyzed by reviewing all RNA detection results during hospitalization. Additionally, demographic, clinical, treatment, laboratory and outcome data were also collected from electronic medical records. Factors associated with prolonged viral shedding were analyzed with the Cox proportional hazards model. Among 181 patients, the mean age was 44.3\u00b113.2 years, and 55.2% were male. The median duration of viral shedding from illness onset was 18.0 days (IQR 15.0-24.0). Prolonged viral shedding was associated with longer hospital stays (P<0.001) and higher medical costs (P<0.001). The severity of COVID-19 had nothing to do with prolonged shedding. Moreover, the median time from onset to antiviral treatment initiation was 5.0 days (IQR 3.0-7.0). Delayed antiviral treatment (HR 0.976 [95% CI, 0.962-0.990]) and lopinavir/ritonavir + IFN-\u03b1 combination therapy as the initial antiviral treatment (HR 1.649 [95% CI, 1.162-2.339]) were independent factors associated with prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding. SARS-CoV-2 showed prolonged viral shedding, causing increased hospital stays and medical costs. Early initiation of lopinavir/ritonavir + IFN-\u03b1 combination therapy may help shorten the duration of SARS-CoV-2 shedding. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32444286, "pmcid": "PMC7236724", "title": "Brain imaging findings in COVID-19: What do we know so far?", "journal": "J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Md Noh, Mohamad Syafeeq Faeez"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444286", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32290902, "pmcid": "PMC7160440", "title": "An alternative workflow for molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 - escape from the NA extraction kit-shortage, Copenhagen, Denmark, March 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Fomsgaard, Anna S", "Rosenstierne, Maiken Worsoe"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32290902", "countries": ["Denmark"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization has declared COVID-19 caused by the newly discovered SARS-CoV-2 a pandemic. Due to growing demand for reagents and/or kits to extract SARS-CoV-2 RNA for subsequent RT-qPCR diagnostics, there is a worldwide risk of shortages. With a detection sensitivity of 97.4% (95% CI:\u200986.2-99.9%), we describe a simple, fast, alternative workflow for molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2, where samples are simply heat-processed for 5 min at 98\u2009\u00b0C before a commonly-used RT-qPCR procedure."}, {"pmid": 32507456, "title": "The Fellowship Experience in Adult Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology-Strategies for Applicants and Fellows to Navigate the Coronavirus Crisis.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Feinman, Jared W", "Roberts, Monique L", "Al-Ghofaily, Lourdes", "Adenwala, Adam", "Augoustides, John G"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507456", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493736, "title": "Acute ischemic stroke and COVID-19.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Hassett, Catherine", "Gedansky, Aron", "Mays, MaryAnn", "Uchino, Ken"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493736", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Ischemic stroke may be a presenting feature of COVID-19. Its etiology remains unclear, but severe COVID-19 disease might increase the risk of large-artery strokes. More evidence is needed to substantiate the current reports and provide insights for optimal management."}, {"pmid": 32319102, "pmcid": "PMC7264781", "title": "Points to consider in the preparation and transfusion of COVID-19 convalescent plasma.", "journal": "Vox Sang", "authors": ["Epstein, Jay", "Burnouf, Thierry"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319102", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501416, "pmcid": "PMC7249976", "title": "Quantifying the role of social distancing, personal protection and case detection in mitigating COVID-19 outbreak in Ontario, Canada.", "journal": "J Math Ind", "authors": ["Wu, Jianhong", "Tang, Biao", "Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi", "Nah, Kyeongah", "McCarthy, Zachary"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501416", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Public health interventions have been implemented to mitigate the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Ontario, Canada; however, the quantification of their effectiveness remains to be done and is important to determine if some of the social distancing measures can be relaxed without resulting in a second wave. We aim to equip local public health decision- and policy-makers with mathematical model-based quantification of implemented public health measures and estimation of the trend of COVID-19 in Ontario to inform future actions in terms of outbreak control and de-escalation of social distancing. Our estimates confirm that (1) social distancing measures have helped mitigate transmission by reducing daily infection contact rate, but the disease transmission probability per contact remains as high as 0.145 and case detection rate was so low that the effective reproduction number remained higher than the threshold for disease control until the closure of non-essential business in the Province; (2) improvement in case detection rate and closure of non-essential business had resulted in further reduction of the effective control number to under the threshold. We predict the number of confirmed cases according to different control efficacies including a combination of reducing further contact rates and transmission probability per contact. We show that improved case detection rate plays a decisive role to reduce the effective reproduction number, and there is still much room in terms of improving personal protection measures to compensate for the strict social distancing measures."}, {"pmid": 32388010, "pmcid": "PMC7141470", "title": "Is home isolation appropriate for preventing the spread of COVID-19.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Feng, Z-H", "Cheng, Y-R", "Ye, L", "Zhou, M-Y", "Wang, M-W", "Chen, J"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388010", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32142226, "title": "Why Your Rural Patients May Know More About Coronavirus Than You.", "journal": "S D Med", "authors": ["Haines, Ali", "Anderson, Susan"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32142226", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404529, "title": "Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding to ACE2 receptors from human, pets, farm animals, and putative intermediate hosts.", "journal": "J Virol", "authors": ["Zhai, Xiaofeng", "Sun, Jiumeng", "Yan, Ziqing", "Zhang, Jie", "Zhao, Jin", "Zhao, Zongzheng", "Gao, Qi", "He, Wan-Ting", "Veit, Michael", "Su, Shuo"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404529", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, resulted in a pandemic. Here, we used X-ray structures of human ACE2 bound to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein (S) from SARS-CoV-2 to predict its binding to ACE2 proteins from different animals, including pets, farm animals, and putative intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2. Comparing the interaction sites of ACE2 proteins known to serve or not serve as receptor allows to define residues important for binding. From the 20 amino acids in ACE2 that contact S up to seven can be replaced and ACE2 can still function as the SARS-CoV-2 receptor. These variable amino acids are clustered at certain positions, mostly at the periphery of the binding site, while changes of the invariable residues prevent S-binding or infection of the respective animal. Some ACE2 proteins even tolerate the loss or the acquisition of N-glycosylation sites located near the S-interface. Of note, Pigs and dogs, which are not or not effectively infected and have only a few changes in the binding site, exhibit relatively low levels of ACE2 in the respiratory tract. Comparison of the RBD of S of SARS-CoV-2 with viruses from Bat-CoV-RaTG13 and Pangolin-CoV revealed that the latter contains only one substitution, whereas the Bat-CoV-RaTG13 exhibits five. However, ACE2 of pangolin exhibit seven changes relative to human ACE2, a similar number of substitutions is present in ACE2 of bats, raccoon, and civet suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 may not especially adapted to ACE2 of any of its putative intermediate hosts. These analyses provide new insight into the receptor usage and animal source/origin of SARS-CoV-2.IMPORTANCE SARS-CoV-2 is threatening people worldwide and there are no drugs or vaccines available to mitigate its spread. The origin of the virus is still unclear and whether pets and livestock can be infected and transmit SARS-CoV-2 are important and unknown scientific questions. Effective binding to the host receptor ACE2 is the first prerequisite for infection of cells and determines the host range. Our analysis provides a framework for the prediction of potential hosts of SARS-CoV-2. We found that ACE2 from species known to support SARS-CoV-2 infection tolerate many amino acid changes indicating that the species barrier might be low. An exception are dogs and especially pigs, which, however, revealed relatively low ACE2 expression levels in the respiratory tract. Monitoring of animals is necessary to prevent the generation of a new coronavirus reservoir. Finally, our analysis also showed that SARS-CoV-2 may not be specifically adapted to any of its putative intermediate hosts."}, {"pmid": 32449169, "title": "How did we rapidly implement a convalescent plasma program?", "journal": "Transfusion", "authors": ["Budhai, Alexandra", "Wu, Annie A", "Hall, Lucette", "Strauss, Donna", "Paradiso, Sarai", "Alberigo, Jill", "Hillyer, Christopher D", "Jett, Betsy", "Tobian, Aaron A R", "Bloch, Evan M", "Sachais, Bruce S", "Shaz, Beth H"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449169", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of convalescent plasma as a possible treatment has been explored. Here we describe our experience as the first U.S. organization creating a COVID-19 convalescent plasma program to support its use through the single-patient emergency investigational new drug, the National Expanded Access Program, and multiple randomized controlled trials. Within weeks, we were able to distribute more than 8000 products, scale up collections to more than 4000\u2009units per week, meet hospital demand, and support randomized controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy of convalescent plasma treatment. This was through strategic planning; redeployment of staff; and active engagement of hospital, community, and public health partners. Our partners helped with donor recruitment, testing, patient advocacy, and patient availability. The program will continue to evolve as we learn more about optimizing the product. Remaining issues to be resolved are antibody titers, dose, and at what stage of disease to transfuse."}, {"pmid": 32405028, "title": "Infection of bat and human intestinal organoids by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Zhou, Jie", "Li, Cun", "Liu, Xiaojuan", "Chiu, Man Chun", "Zhao, Xiaoyu", "Wang, Dong", "Wei, Yuxuan", "Lee, Andrew", "Zhang, Anna Jinxia", "Chu, Hin", "Cai, Jian-Piao", "Yip, Cyril Chik-Yan", "Chan, Ivy Hau-Yee", "Wong, Kenneth Kak-Yuen", "Tsang, Owen Tak-Yin", "Chan, Kwok-Hung", "Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo", "To, Kelvin Kai-Wang", "Chen, Honglin", "Yuen, Kwok Yung"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405028", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-emerged in humans in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and has since disseminated globally1,2. As of April 16, 2020, the confirmed case count of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had surpassed 2 million. Based on full-genome sequence analysis, SARS-CoV-2 shows high homology to SARS-related coronaviruses identified in horseshoe bats1,2. Here we show the establishment and characterization of expandable intestinal organoids derived from horseshoe bats of the Rhinolophus sinicus species that can recapitulate bat intestinal epithelium. These bat enteroids are fully susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and sustain robust viral replication. Development of gastrointestinal symptoms in some patients with COVID-19 and detection of viral RNA in fecal specimens suggest that SARS-CoV-2 might cause enteric, in addition to respiratory, infection3,4. Here we demonstrate active replication of SARS-CoV-2 in human intestinal organoids and isolation of infectious virus from the stool specimen of a patient with diarrheal COVID-19. Collectively, we established the first expandable organoid culture system of bat intestinal epithelium and present evidence that SARS-CoV-2 can infect bat intestinal cells. The robust SARS-CoV-2 replication in human intestinal organoids suggests that the human intestinal tract might be a transmission route of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32292816, "pmcid": "PMC7104048", "title": "Surveillance to improve evidence for community control decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic - Opening the animal epidemic toolbox for public health.", "journal": "One Health", "authors": ["Foddai, Alessandro", "Lindberg, Ann", "Lubroth, Juan", "Ellis-Iversen, Johanne"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292816", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the first few months of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has reached Europe. Health systems all over the world are trying to control the outbreak in the shortest possible time. Exotic disease outbreaks are not uncommon in animal health and randomised surveillance is frequently used as support for decision-making. This editorial discusses the possibilities of practicing One Health, by using methods from animal health to enhance surveillance for COVID-19 to provide an evidence base fort decision-making in communities and countries."}, {"pmid": 32330897, "pmcid": "PMC7179966", "title": "Editorial. Lessons learned: special precautions for performing emergency cerebrovascular procedures amid the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Tong, Xiaoguang", "Yang, Yuanfan"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330897", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371746, "pmcid": "PMC7219835", "title": "Supraglottic airway guided intubation during the COVID-19 pandemic: a closed technique.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Wong, Patrick", "Lim, Wan Yen", "Mok, May"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371746", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379923, "pmcid": "PMC7267326", "title": "Is BCG vaccination causally related to reduced COVID-19 mortality?", "journal": "EMBO Mol Med", "authors": ["Miyasaka, Masayuki"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379923", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing severe acute respiratory sickness coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has resulted in more than 3,600,000 detected cases of COVID-19 illness and nearly 260,000 deaths worldwide as of May 6, 2020. Recently, BCG vaccination was shown to correlate with reduced COVID-19 case fatality rates (preprint: Miller et\u00a0al, 2020; preprint: Sala & Miyakawa, 2020; https://www.jsatonotes.com/2020/03/if-i-were-north-americaneuropeanaustral.html). The most recent data from publicly available resources also indicate that both COVID-19 incidence and total deaths are strongly associated with the presence or absence of national mandatory BCG vaccination programs. As seen in Table\u00a01, seven of eight countries with very low numbers of total deaths (<\u00a040 per 1\u00a0million population) adopted a mandatory BCG vaccination program using one of a set of 6 separate BCG strains (Table\u00a01). In contrast, COVID-19 mortality was markedly higher in countries where BCG vaccination is not widely administered or is given only to high-risk groups. COVID-19 mortality was also higher in countries where widespread BCG vaccination was discontinued more than 20\u00a0years ago and in countries that used the BCG Denmark strain regularly or temporarily. This raises the question of whether BCG vaccination and reduced COVID-19 mortality are causally related. An additional question is why different BCG strains may be variably associated with mortality."}, {"pmid": 32459918, "title": "Long-Term Care Policy after Covid-19 - Solving the Nursing Home Crisis.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Werner, Rachel M", "Hoffman, Allison K", "Coe, Norma B"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459918", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340895, "pmcid": "PMC7165288", "title": "Less is More: Intelligent Intensive Care for SARS-CoV-2 Based on the Imaging Data.", "journal": "J Med Imaging Radiat Sci", "authors": ["Abdollahi, Hamid"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340895", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32160148, "pmcid": "PMC7258479", "title": "Co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus in Patient with Pneumonia, China.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wu, Xiaojing", "Cai, Ying", "Huang, Xu", "Yu, Xin", "Zhao, Li", "Wang, Fan", "Li, Quanguo", "Gu, Sichao", "Xu, Teng", "Li, Yongjun", "Lu, Binghuai", "Zhan, Qingyuan"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32160148", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report co-infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A virus in a patient with pneumonia in China. The case highlights possible co-detection of known respiratory viruses. We noted low sensitivity of upper respiratory specimens for SARS-CoV-2, which could further complicate recognition of the full extent of disease."}, {"pmid": 32502318, "title": "The Aftermath of COVID-19 in Dermatology Practice: What's next?", "journal": "J Cosmet Dermatol", "authors": ["Ng, Janice Natasha", "Cembrano, Kathryn Anne G", "Wanitphakdeedecha, Rungsima", "Manuskiatti, Woraphong"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502318", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapidly increasing number of COVID-19 patients and evidence of human-to-human transmission even within the asymptomatic incubation period prompted the attention of the entire world. The field of dermatology and procedural dermatology is not exempt from this global issue. We cannot deny the fact that this situation will have a lasting impact on the health-seeking behaviours of our patients. It is necessary for dermatologists and dermatologic surgeons to be aware of the potential risks and precautions when re-emerging their practices after COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32448136, "pmcid": "PMC7245769", "title": "Application of CareDose 4D combined with Karl 3D technology in the low dose computed tomography for the follow-up of COVID-19.", "journal": "BMC Med Imaging", "authors": ["Li, Jiawei", "Wang, Xiao", "Huang, Xiaolu", "Chen, Fangxing", "Zhang, Xuesong", "Liu, Ying", "Luo, Guangzuo", "Xu, Xunhua"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448136", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease caused by the new coronavirus. Previous studies have shown that the chest CT examination plays an important role in the diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19. However, some patients with COVID-19 had low white blood cell counts and reduced lymphocyte ratios. Multiple CT examinations may cause radiation damages as well as increase the apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes. A new low-dose CT method should be developed because the regular CT may aggravate the disease. Sixty cases were randomly divided into the study group (n\u2009=\u200930) and control group (n\u2009=\u200930). The lung window was reconstructed by Karl 3D iterative technique in the study group. The image quality was subjectively evaluated by two senior chest group diagnostic physicians using a 5-point double-blind method. The value of CT measurement and its standard deviation (SD) was used as an objective evaluation criteria. The volume of CT dose index (CTDIvol), dose length product (DLP) and effective dose (ED) from the two groups were compared and analyzed statistically. There was no significant difference in the occurrence rates of ground glass opacities, consolidation, crazy-paving pattern, fiber cable shadow and axial interstitial thickening between the study group and control group (p\u00a0>\u20090.05). In addition, no significant difference was found for the subjective score of overall image quality and image noise level (SD) between the two groups (p\u00a0>\u00a00.05). However, significant differences was found in CTDIvol, DLP, and ED between the study group and the control group (p\u2009<\u20090.05). The effective dose of the study group was reduced by 76% compared to the control group. CareDose 4D low-dose scanning combined with Karl 3D iterative reconstruction technology can not only greatly reduce the radiation dose, but also provide images that meet the diagnostic criteria of COVID-19, which can be used as a routine method for the follow-up of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32468229, "pmcid": "PMC7255447", "title": "Melanoma Screening Days During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: Strategies to Adopt.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)", "authors": ["Villani, Alessia", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella", "Costa, Claudia", "Scalvenzi, Massimiliano"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468229", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Melanoma is one of the most common cancers, with an increasing incidence worldwide. Disease stage represents the most important prognosis factor; therefore, early diagnosis is essential for melanoma patients' survival rates. Following the outbreak in China, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread all over the world and the majority of dermatological visits have been postponed. These measures could cause a delay in melanoma diagnosis and management leading to an increase of morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. Herein we propose an alternative model of skin cancer screening and the organization of screening campaigns in order to detect malignant lesions early during this emergency period."}, {"pmid": 32373721, "pmcid": "PMC7193092", "title": "Low dose lung radiotherapy for COVID-19 pneumonia. The rationale for a cost-effective anti-inflammatory treatment.", "journal": "Clin Transl Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Lara, Pedro C", "Burgos, Javier", "Macias, David"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373721", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemia is affecting people worldwide. Most of the patients suffered of a respiratory disease that will progress to an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia severely ill patients, develop a systemic inflammatory response with a Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS), that is characterized by a sudden increase in several pro-inflammatory cytokines, mainly IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-alfa by activated macrophages (M1 phenotype). Blocking IL-6 with tocilizumab and using respirator equipment seems to be a very important issue in this (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia, but not all patients are referred to such treatments. Low dose radiotherapy (0,5 Gy), is an evidence-based anti-inflammatory treatment, that could modify the immune landscape in the lung affected of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, through macrophages polarization to alternatively activated Macrophages (M2 phenotype). Radiation-induced cancer risk could be assumed due to the very low dose used, the advanced age of the patients and the life-threatening condition of SARS-Cov2 pneumonia. LDRT is a cost-effective non-toxic treatment already available in most general hospitals. This fact allows that it would be used for the large number of patients that will suffer this disease, and that would not receive specific anti-IL-6 treatments in ICUs in low and middle income countries."}, {"pmid": 32347911, "title": "Moving Personal Protective Equipment Into the Community: Face Shields and Containment of COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Perencevich, Eli N", "Diekema, Daniel J", "Edmond, Michael B"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347911", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324897, "title": "Management of the first patient with confirmed COVID-19 in pregnancy in India: From guidelines to frontlines.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Sharma, K Aparna", "Kumari, Rajesh", "Kachhawa, Garima", "Chhabra, Anjolie", "Agarwal, Ramesh", "Sharma, Akash", "Kumar, Sunesh", "Bhatla, Neerja"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324897", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32219363, "title": "Potential Effects of Coronaviruses on the Cardiovascular System: A Review.", "journal": "JAMA Cardiol", "authors": ["Madjid, Mohammad", "Safavi-Naeini, Payam", "Solomon, Scott D", "Vardeny, Orly"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219363", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has reached a pandemic level. Coronaviruses are known to affect the cardiovascular system. We review the basics of coronaviruses, with a focus on COVID-19, along with their effects on the cardiovascular system. Coronavirus disease 2019 can cause a viral pneumonia with additional extrapulmonary manifestations and complications. A large proportion of patients have underlying cardiovascular disease and/or cardiac risk factors. Factors associated with mortality include male sex, advanced age, and presence of comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and cerebrovascular diseases. Acute cardiac injury determined by elevated high-sensitivity troponin levels is commonly observed in severe cases and is strongly associated with mortality. Acute respiratory distress syndrome is also strongly associated with mortality. Coronavirus disease 2019 is associated with a high inflammatory burden that can induce vascular inflammation, myocarditis, and cardiac arrhythmias. Extensive efforts are underway to find specific vaccines and antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. Meanwhile, cardiovascular risk factors and conditions should be judiciously controlled per evidence-based guidelines."}, {"pmid": 32146554, "pmcid": "PMC7087552", "title": "Containing 2019-nCoV (Wuhan) coronavirus.", "journal": "Health Care Manag Sci", "authors": ["Kaplan, Edward H"], "date": "2020-03-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32146554", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV first appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. While most of the initial cases were linked to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, person-to-person transmission has been verified. Given that a vaccine cannot be developed and deployed for at least a year, preventing further transmission relies upon standard principles of containment, two of which are the isolation of known cases and the quarantine of persons believed at high risk of exposure. This note presents probability models for assessing the effectiveness of case isolation and quarantine within a community during the initial phase of an outbreak with illustrations based on early observations from Wuhan."}, {"pmid": 32399518, "pmcid": "PMC7214276", "title": "In the Race to Help with Covid-19, Time Is Precious: Editorial Guidelines for Coronavirus Papers.", "journal": "iScience", "authors": ["Fiorani, Simona", "Tonzani, Stefano"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399518", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519081, "title": "Could a mannequin simplify rhinopharyngeal swab collection in COVID 19 patients?", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Francesca, Boscolo Nata", "Barbara, Pedruzzi", "Emanuele, Ferri", "Francesco, Scotto di Clemente", "Giovanni, Campolieti", "Fabio, Manoni", "Giovanni, Cristalli"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519081", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rhinopharyngeal swab collection is used to test patients for COVID-19; unfortunately, the false negative rate is around 30% in symptomatic patients, and maybe even higher in asymptomatic ones. A correct swab collection is consequently critical. Swabs are usually performed by dedicated personnel, but at the present moment, the methods for its training are not standardized. In a Letter to the Editor recently published in the European Archives of Otorhinolaringology, Tagliabue et al. describe the training method used in their Institution: the personnel dedicated to swab collection increases its confidence with the procedure by observing endoscopic anatomy, while an otolaryngologist performs rigid endoscopy. Although we found this paper interesting, we think that the author's proposal has timing and financial drawbacks that should be considered in daily activity, especially in an emergency period like the pandemic we are experiencing. In this Letter to the Editor, we discuss some pre-analytic and analytic issues that should be considered while performing rhinopharyngeal swabs, and we propose the use of a mannequin to train personnel, thus reducing the risk of infection for health workers, and patient's discomfort."}, {"pmid": 32480418, "title": "Harnessing HLA-E-restricted CD8 T lymphocytes for adoptive cell therapy of severe COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Caccamo, Nadia", "Sullivan, Lucy C", "Brooks, Andrew G", "Dieli, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480418", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is spreading worldwide, and is a pandemic virus that has infected almost 5 million individuals and causing 300.000 deaths, as of mid-May 2020. Because SARS-CoV-2 is a new virus in humans there are currently no vaccines, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or even effective drugs available. Human convalescent plasma transfusion is an option for either prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of COVID-19 patients, but its administration to patients who are affected by severe pulmonary disease is associated with increased risk of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)."}, {"pmid": 32419706, "pmcid": "PMC7225713", "title": "[FLASH CARD Lung Ultrasound and COVID-19].", "journal": "Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim", "authors": ["Segura-Grau, Elena"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419706", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503820, "title": "Ocular Manifestations of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2): A Critical Review of Current Literature.", "journal": "In Vivo", "authors": ["Douglas, Konstantinos A A", "Douglas, Vivian Paraskevi", "Moschos, Marilita M"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503820", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in China in the city of Wuhan in December of 2019 and since then more than 5,000,000 people have been infected, with approximately 338,000 deaths worldwide. The virus causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is characterized by fever, myalgia and cough, with severe acute respiratory syndrome being the most fearsome complication. Nevertheless, the vast majority of cases present mild symptoms or none. Central nervous system and cardiovascular manifestations have been reported. The range of ocular manifestations, either as a result of the infection or as a result of the treatment, has not yet been discussed. In this study, a systematic review of current literature relevant to COVID-19 was performed with focus on modes of transmission, ocular manifestations related to infection and medications, as well as the control of infection in ophthalmic practice."}, {"pmid": 32374540, "title": "[Asthma and COPD management during the COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Daccord, Cecile", "Touilloux, Brice", "Von Garnier, Christophe"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374540", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Numerous patients with asthma or COPD are likely to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus. Although data is limited, patients with severe and/or uncontrolled asthma and those with COPD appear to be at increased risk of a more severe course of COVID-19 infection. Usual recommendations for management of asthma and COPD remain valid despite the ongoing epidemic. However, lung function testing and nebulisers should be performed with caution during the COVID-19 pandemic due to a potential risk of virus aerosolisation and contagion during the procedure. Particular care must be taken to identify and protect patients who are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 infection. Asthma and COPD treatments should be pursued and adapted to ensure optimal control of the lung disease throughout the epidemic, thus reducing the risk of severe COVID-19 disease."}, {"pmid": 32303841, "pmcid": "PMC7164409", "title": "Lead the way or leave the way: leading a Department of Orthopedics through the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol", "authors": ["Mauffrey, Cyril", "Trompeter, Alex"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303841", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350227, "title": "Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from asymptomatic carrier in Tokyo.", "journal": "Jpn J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Nagashima, Mami", "Kumagai, Ryota", "Yoshida, Isao", "Kawakami, Mamiyo", "Nagano, Miyuki", "Asakura, Hiroyuki", "Kaku, Emiko", "Kitamura, Yurie", "Hasegawa, Michiya", "Hayashi, Yukinao", "Chiba, Takashi", "Sadamasu, Kenji", "Yoshimura, Kazuhisa"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350227", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32435872, "title": "Lab-on-a-Chip Devices for Point-of-Care Medical Diagnostics.", "journal": "Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol", "authors": ["Arshavsky-Graham, Sofia", "Segal, Ester"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435872", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has underscored the need to move from traditional lab-centralized diagnostics to point-of-care (PoC) settings. Lab-on-a-chip (LoC) platforms facilitate the translation to PoC settings via the miniaturization, portability, integration, and automation of multiple assay functions onto a single chip. For this purpose, paper-based assays and microfluidic platforms are currently being extensively studied, and much focus is being directed towards simplifying their design while simultaneously improving multiplexing and automation capabilities. Signal amplification strategies are being applied to improve the performance of assays with respect to both sensitivity and selectivity, while smartphones are being integrated to expand the analytical power of the technology and promote its accessibility. In this chapter, we review the main technologies in the field of LoC platforms for PoC medical diagnostics and survey recent approaches for improving these assays."}, {"pmid": 32266873, "pmcid": "PMC7189412", "title": "Targeting SARS-CoV-2: a systematic drug repurposing approach to identify promising inhibitors against 3C-like proteinase and 2'-O-ribose methyltransferase.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Khan, Rameez Jabeer", "Jha, Rajat Kumar", "Amera, Gizachew Muluneh", "Jain, Monika", "Singh, Ekampreet", "Pathak, Amita", "Singh, Rashmi Prabha", "Muthukumaran, Jayaraman", "Singh, Amit Kumar"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266873", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent pandemic associated with SARS-CoV-2, a virus of the Coronaviridae family, has resulted in an unprecedented number of infected people. The highly contagious nature of this virus makes it imperative for us to identify promising inhibitors from pre-existing antiviral drugs. Two druggable targets, namely 3C-like proteinase (3CLpro) and 2'-O-ribose methyltransferase (2'-O-MTase) were selected in this study due to their indispensable nature in the viral life cycle. 3CLpro is a cysteine protease responsible for the proteolysis of replicase polyproteins resulting in the formation of various functional proteins, whereas 2'-O-MTase methylates the ribose 2'-O position of the first and second nucleotide of viral mRNA, which sequesters it from the host immune system. The selected drug target proteins were screened against an in-house library of 123 antiviral drugs. Two promising drug molecules were identified for each protein based on their estimated free energy of binding (\u0394G), the orientation of drug molecules in the active site and the interacting residues. The selected protein-drug complexes were then subjected to MD simulation, which consists of various structural parameters to equivalently reflect their physiological state. From the virtual screening results, two drug molecules were selected for each drug target protein [Paritaprevir (\u0394G = -9.8\u2009kcal/mol) & Raltegravir (\u0394G = -7.8\u2009kcal/mol) for 3CLpro and Dolutegravir (\u0394G = -9.4\u2009kcal/mol) and Bictegravir (\u0394G = -8.4\u2009kcal/mol) for 2'-OMTase]. After the extensive computational analysis, we proposed that Raltegravir, Paritaprevir, Bictegravir and Dolutegravir are excellent lead candidates for these crucial proteins and they could become potential therapeutic drugs against SARS-CoV-2. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32445595, "title": "Managing Sickle Cell Patients With COVID-19 Infection: The Need to Pool Our Collective Experience.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Sahu, Kamal Kant", "Siddiqui, Ahmad Daniyal", "Cerny, Jan"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445595", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364440, "pmcid": "PMC7203573", "title": "Reply to Letter to the Editor: \"Don't judge too RAShly: the multifaceted role of the renin-angiotensin system and its therapeutic potential in COVID-19\".", "journal": "Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol", "authors": ["Abassi, Zaid A", "Skorecki, Karl", "Heyman, Samuel N", "Kinaneh, Safa", "Armaly, Zaher"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364440", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458111, "pmcid": "PMC7250589", "title": "Angiopoietin-2 as a marker of endothelial activation is a good predictor factor for intensive care unit admission of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Angiogenesis", "authors": ["Smadja, David M", "Guerin, Coralie L", "Chocron, Richard", "Yatim, Nader", "Boussier, Jeremy", "Gendron, Nicolas", "Khider, Lina", "Hadjadj, Jerome", "Goudot, Guillaume", "Debuc, Benjamin", "Juvin, Philippe", "Hauw-Berlemont, Caroline", "Augy, Jean-Loup", "Peron, Nicolas", "Messas, Emmanuel", "Planquette, Benjamin", "Sanchez, Olivier", "Charbit, Bruno", "Gaussem, Pascale", "Duffy, Darragh", "Terrier, Benjamin", "Mirault, Tristan", "Diehl, Jean-Luc"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458111", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory disease has been associated with ischemic complications, coagulation disorders, and an endotheliitis. To explore endothelial damage and activation-related biomarkers in COVID-19 patients with criteria of hospitalization for referral to intensive care unit (ICU) and/or respiratory worsening. Analysis of endothelial and angiogenic soluble markers in plasma from patients at admission. Study enrolled 40 consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to emergency department that fulfilled criteria for hospitalization. Half of them were admitted in conventional wards without any ICU transfer during hospitalization; whereas the 20 others were directly transferred to ICU. Patients transferred in ICU were more likely to have lymphopenia, decreased SpO2 and increased D-dimer, CRP and creatinine levels. In those patients, soluble E-selectin and angiopoietin-2 were significantly increased (p value at 0.009 and 0.003, respectively). Increase in SELE gene expression (gene coding for E-selectin protein) was confirmed in an independent cohort of 32 patients using a whole blood gene expression profile analysis. In plasma, we found a strong association between angiopoetin-2 and CRP, creatinine and D-dimers (with p value at 0.001, 0.001 and 0.003, respectively). ROC curve analysis identified an Angiopoietin-2 cut-off of 5000\u00a0pg/mL as the best predictor for ICU outcome (Se\u2009=\u200980.1%, Sp\u2009=\u200970%, PPV\u2009=\u200972.7%, NPV\u2009=\u200977%), further confirmed in multivariate analysis after adjustment for creatinine, CRP or D-dimers. Angiopoietin-2 is a relevant predictive factor for ICU direct admission in COVID-19 patients. This result showing an endothelial activation reinforces the hypothesis of a COVID-19-associated microvascular dysfunction."}, {"pmid": 32304387, "pmcid": "PMC7188065", "title": "Pandemics and Their Impact on Medical Training: Lessons From Singapore.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Liang, Zhen Chang", "Ooi, Shirley Beng Suat", "Wang, Wilson"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304387", "countries": ["Italy", "Singapore", "Korea, Republic of", "Japan", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing COVID-19 crisis has hit Singapore hard. As of February 25, 2020, Singapore had the 4th highest number of confirmed COVID-19 infections outside of China, only trailing behind South Korea, Italy, and Japan. This has had reverberating effects on Singapore's health care system, and has, consequently, also affected medical education all the way from the undergraduate to the postgraduate level. While efforts are underway to contain disease spread and transmission, the authors believe that this is an opportune time to examine and reflect on the impact that medical crises like COVID-19 can have on medical training and education and to evaluate \"business continuity plans\" to ensure quality medical education even in the face of constant disruptions from pandemic outbreaks. Medical training is as important a mandate as patient care and service. The authors believe that even in trying times like this, rich and precious lessons can be sought and taught, which will immensely benefit medical students and residents-the health care leaders of tomorrow. In this Perspective, the authors discuss the various ways in which the COVID-19 crisis has affected medical instruction in Singapore and explore pertinent practical and creative solutions for the continuity of medical training in these trying times, drawing on their previous experience with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003 as well as the current ongoing COVID-19 crisis."}, {"pmid": 32360173, "pmcid": "PMC7161513", "title": "Feel Better, Work Better: The COVID-19 Perspective.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Graham, Michelle M", "Higginson, Lyall", "Brindley, Peter G", "Jetly, Rakesh"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360173", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382748, "pmcid": "PMC7239258", "title": "Lessons from COVID-19 in children: Key hypotheses to guide preventative and therapeutic strategies.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Singh, Tulika", "Heston, Sarah M", "Langel, Stephanie N", "Blasi, Maria", "Hurst, Jillian H", "Fouda, Genevieve G", "Kelly, Matthew S", "Permar, Sallie R"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382748", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), reveals a peculiar trend of milder disease and lower case fatality in children compared to adults. Consistent epidemiologic evidence of reduced severity of infection in children across different populations and countries suggests there are underlying biologic differences between children and adults that mediate differential disease pathogenesis. This presents a unique opportunity to learn about disease modifying host factors from pediatric populations. Our review summarizes the current knowledge of pediatric clinical disease, role in transmission, risks for severe disease, protective immunity, as well as novel therapies and vaccine trials for children. We then define key hypotheses and areas for future research that can use the pediatric model of disease, transmission, and immunity to develop preventive and therapeutic strategies for people of all age groups."}, {"pmid": 32347689, "pmcid": "PMC7197338", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 and ophthalmologists: introducing a simple protective shield for slitlamp biomicroscopic examination.", "journal": "J Cataract Refract Surg", "authors": ["Pourazizi, Mohsen", "Peyman, Alireza"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347689", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267160, "pmcid": "PMC7258632", "title": "Clinical Course and Outcomes of 344 Intensive Care Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Wang, Yang", "Lu, Xiaofan", "Li, Yongsheng", "Chen, Hui", "Chen, Taige", "Su, Nan", "Huang, Fang", "Zhou, Jing", "Zhang, Bing", "Yan, Fangrong", "Wang, Jun"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267160", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523926, "pmcid": "PMC7279910", "title": "Stress Cardiomyopathy in COVID-19 Disease.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Pasqualetto, Maria Cristina", "Secco, Eleonora", "Nizzetto, Manuele", "Scevola, Moreno", "Altafini, Lorella", "Cester, Alberto", "Rigo, Fausto"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523926", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients affected by COVID-19 pneumonia may develop stress cardiomyopathy, also known as Takotsubo syndrome (TTS), at different stages during the disease and with different degrees of left ventricular dysfunction. We describe three cases of TTS in COVID-19-positive patients with different clinical presentations and outcomes. One of them died, while in the other two coronary angiography confirmed the diagnosis but was postponed until after pneumonia resolution because of the risk of virus spread. An association between COVID-19 and cardiac involvement is highlighted.The incidence of Takotsubo syndrome has increased during this pandemic, possibly because it is caused by acute stress."}, {"pmid": 32468348, "pmcid": "PMC7255636", "title": "COVID-19 Data and the Cancer Patient: A Need for Registry Inclusion.", "journal": "Ann Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Greene, Frederick Leslie"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468348", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528560, "pmcid": "PMC7272181", "title": "Consumer behavior in confinement times: Food choice and cooking attitudes in Spain.", "journal": "Int J Gastron Food Sci", "authors": ["Romeo-Arroyo, E", "Mora, M", "Vazquez-Araujo, L"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528560", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The present study provides an overview of the food related behavior of the Spanish population during the confinement period due to the Covid-19 sanitary emergency. A national survey was responded by 600 volunteers, who answered questions related to food consumption, home-food and cooking related habits (F&C), and the Spanish version of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire. In general, most consumers could be considered \"External eaters\"; F&C questionnaire allowed segmenting the population in \"low-cooking engagement\", \"health -concerned\" and \"health-disregarded\" groups. These consumers' segments reported different behavior, highlighting, for example, the increase of snacks and ultra-processed food consumption of the health-disregarded group."}, {"pmid": 32114094, "pmcid": "PMC7128866", "title": "Pulmonary Pathology of Early-Phase 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia in Two Patients With Lung Cancer.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Tian, Sufang", "Hu, Weidong", "Niu, Li", "Liu, Huan", "Xu, Haibo", "Xiao, Shu-Yuan"], "date": "2020-03-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32114094", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is currently a lack of pathologic data on the novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) pneumonia, or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), from autopsy or biopsy. Two patients who recently underwent lung lobectomies for adenocarcinoma were retrospectively found to have had COVID-19 at the time of the operation. These two cases thus provide important first opportunities to study the pathology of COVID-19. Pathologic examinations revealed that apart from the tumors, the lungs of both patients exhibited edema, proteinaceous exudate, focal reactive hyperplasia of pneumocytes with patchy inflammatory cellular infiltration, and multinucleated giant cells. Hyaline membranes were not prominent. Because both patients did not exhibit symptoms of pneumonia at the time of operation, these changes likely represent an early phase of the lung pathology of COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32271865, "pmcid": "PMC7184363", "title": "Generalizability of COVID-19 Clinical Prediction Models.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hooli, Shubhada", "King, Carina"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271865", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495186, "pmcid": "PMC7267753", "title": "Stroke integrated care pathway during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Frisullo, Giovanni", "De Belvis, Antonio Giulio", "Marca, Giacomo Della", "Angioletti, Carmen", "Calabresi, Paolo"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495186", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32133964, "title": "Coronavirus Disease COVID-19: A New Threat to Public Health.", "journal": "Curr Top Med Chem", "authors": ["Kumar, Sumit", "Poonam", "Rathi, Brijesh"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32133964", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408869, "pmcid": "PMC7224123", "title": "Prioritising access to pandemic influenza vaccine: a review of the ethics literature.", "journal": "BMC Med Ethics", "authors": ["Williams, Jane H", "Dawson, Angus"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408869", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is threatened by future pandemics. Vaccines can play a key role in preventing harm, but there will inevitably be shortages because there is no possibility of advance stockpiling. We therefore need some method of prioritising access. This paper reports a critical interpretative review of the published literature that discusses ethical arguments used to justify how we could prioritise vaccine during an influenza pandemic. We found that the focus of the literature was often on proposing different groups as priorities (e.g. those with pre-existing health conditions, the young, the old, health care workers etc.). Different reasons were often suggested as a means of justifying such priority groupings (e.g. appeal to best overall outcomes, fairness, belonging to a vulnerable or 'at risk' group etc.). We suggest that much of the literature, wrongly, assumes that we are able to plan priority groups prior to the time of a particular pandemic and development of a particular vaccine. We also point out the surprising absence of various issues from the literature (e.g. how vaccines fit within overall pandemic planning, a lack of specificity about place, issues of global justice etc.). The literature proposes a wide range of ways to prioritise vaccines, focusing on different groups and 'principles'. Any plan to use pandemic vaccine must provide justifications for its prioritisation. The focus of this review was influenza pandemic vaccines, but lessons can be learnt for future allocations of coronavirus vaccine, if one becomes available."}, {"pmid": 32381501, "title": "When can professional sport recommence safely during the COVID-19 pandemic? Risk assessment and factors to consider.", "journal": "Br J Sports Med", "authors": ["Carmody, Sean", "Murray, Andrew", "Borodina, Mariya", "Gouttebarge, Vincent", "Massey, Andrew"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381501", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32411359, "pmcid": "PMC7195896.2", "title": "Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome: advice in the times of COVID-19.", "journal": "F1000Res", "authors": ["Robertson, Mary M", "Eapen, Valsamma", "Rizzo, Renata", "Stern, Jeremy S", "Hartmann, Andreas"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411359", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was identified as the cause of an outbreak of respiratory disease in China at the end of 2019. It then spread with enormous rapidity and by mid-March 2020 was declared a world pandemic. Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (GTS) is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder with a worldwide prevalence of about 1% of the population. The clinical symptoms include multiple motor and one or more phonic (vocal) tics. Germane to this communication is that 85% of patients with GTS have associated psychiatric co-morbidities, many of which are being exacerbated in the current global health crisis. In addition, several symptoms of GTS may mimic COVID-19, such as a dry cough and sniffing (phonic tics), while other symptoms such as spitting, inappropriate touching of others and \"non-obscene socially inappropriate symptoms\" can potentially get patients with GTS into trouble with the law. We suggest that a clear explanation of the COVID-19 illness and GTS is important to enable colleagues of various specialities who tend to patients with GTS. It is important to acknowledge at the outset that the information available on the COVID-19 pandemic changes daily, including cases infected, deaths reported, and how various national health systems are planning and or coping or not. It is fair to say that having read the current medical and lay press we conclude that it is not easy to reassure our patients with absolute certainty. However, notwithstanding that, we hope our documentation is of some assistance."}, {"pmid": 32479159, "title": "Related molecular mechanisms of COVID-19, hypertension, and diabetes.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Akkus, Erman", "Sahin, Mustafa"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479159", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259547, "pmcid": "PMC7129819", "title": "COVID-19 contagion and contamination through hands of trauma patients: what risks and what precautions?", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["De Vitis, R", "Passiatore, M", "Perna, A", "Proietti, L", "Taccardo, G"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259547", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313883, "pmcid": "PMC7170270", "title": "Inhaled biguanides and mTOR inhibition for influenza and coronavirus (Review).", "journal": "World Acad Sci J", "authors": ["Lehrer, Steven"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313883", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway senses and responds to nutrient availability, energy sufficiency, stress, hormones and mitogens to modulate protein synthesis. Rapamycin is a bacterial product that can inhibit mTOR via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. mTOR signaling is necessary for the development of influenza and modulates the antibody response to provide cross-protective immunity to lethal infection with influenza virus. In one human study, it was found that the treatment of severe H1N1 influenza\u2011related pneumonia with rapamycin and steroids improved the outcome. However, in other studies, immunosuppression with systemic steroids, and possibly rapamycin as well, was associated with an increased morbidity/mortality and a prolonged viral replication. In order to avoid the systemic side-effects, some investigators have postulated that the inhalation of rapamycin would be desirable. However, the inhalation of rapamycin, with its well-documented lung toxicity, could be contraindicated. Another class of drug, biguanides, can also inhibit mTOR, but have no lung toxicity. Biguanides are widely used small molecule drugs prescribed as oral anti-diabetics that have exhibited considerable promise in oncology. During the 1971 outbreak of influenza, diabetic patients treated with the biguanides, phenformin and buformin, had a lower incidence of infection than diabetics treated with sulfonylureas or insulin. Both buformin and phenformin reduce the mortality of influenza in mice; phenformin is less effective than buformin. The inhalation of buformin or phenformin for influenza may be an effective novel treatment strategy that would limit the risk of systemic side-effects associated with biguanides due to the low inhaled dose. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus. The disease is the cause of the 2019-2020 coronavirus outbreak. It is primarily spread between individuals via small droplets emitted from infected individuals when breathing or coughing. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling responses play important roles in MERS-CoV infection and may represent a novel drug target for therapeutic intervention strategies. The present review article discusses the effects of biguanides on influenza and coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32492183, "title": "Evidence for mutations in SARS-CoV-2 Italian isolates potentially affecting virus transmission.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Benvenuto, Domenico", "Demir, Ayse Banu", "Giovanetti, Marta", "Bianchi, Martina", "Angeletti, Silvia", "Pascarella, Stefano", "Cauda, Roberto", "Ciccozzi, Massimo", "Cassone, Antonio"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492183", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy is the first western country suffering heavy SARS-CoV-2 transmission and disease impact after Covid-19 pandemia started in China. Even though the presence of mutations on spike glycoprotein and nucleocapsid in Italian isolates has been reported, the potential impact of these mutations on viral transmission has not been evaluated. We have compared SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences from Italian patients with virus sequences from Chinese patients. We focussed upon three non-synonimous mutations of genes coding for S(one) and N (two) viral proteins present in Italian isolates and absent in Chinese ones, using various bio-informatic tools. Amino acid analysis and changes in three-dimensional protein structure suggests the mutations reduce protein stability and, particularly for S1 mutation, the enhanced torsional ability of the molecule could favour virus binding to cell receptor(s). This theoretical interpretation awaits experimental and clinical confirmation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32332516, "pmcid": "PMC7202097", "title": "Precaution and Prevention of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection in the Eye.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Chen, Meng-Jou", "Chang, Kao-Jung", "Hsu, Chih-Chien", "Lin, Pei-Yu", "Liu, Catherine Jui-Ling"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332516", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although current studies suggested that conjunctivitis is not a common presentation of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), several studies have reported the presence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2) in ocular secretions. Coronavirus had not yet been successfully cultured from tears or conjunctival swabs in humans, neither SARS-CoV-2 nor SARS-CoV. However, live feline coronavirus has been isolated from conjunctival swabs. In addition, infection of COVID-19 through unprotected eye exposure had been suspected in several articles. Reports of ophthalmologists and otolaryngologists died of COVID-19 also raised concern on ocular transmission. As a result, we strongly suggest that personal protective equipment (PPE) should cover the mouth, nose, and eyes of ophthalmologists, especially when conjunctivitis caused by SARS-CoV-2 is clinically indistinguishable from other viral follicular conjunctivitis."}, {"pmid": 32438782, "title": "Return to play after the COVID-19 pandemic: a commentary by the Editor in Chief.", "journal": "J Sports Med Phys Fitness", "authors": ["Pelliccia, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438782", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311036, "pmcid": "PMC7188168", "title": "How hospitals in mainland China responded to the outbreak of COVID-19 using IT-enabled services: an analysis of hospital news webpages.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Yan, Aihua", "Zou, Yi", "Mirchandani, Dinesh A"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311036", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many countries have implemented quarantine rules during the global outbreak of COVID-19. Understanding how hospitals can continue providing services in an effective manner under these circumstances is thus important. In this study, we investigate how information technology (IT) helped hospitals in mainland China better respond to the outbreak of the pandemic. We conducted a content analysis of pages published on the websites of the Top 50 hospitals in mainland China between January 22, 2020 and February 21, 2020. In total, we analyzed 368 pages that the hospitals published during the initial days of the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose was to identify common themes related to the utilization of IT by these hospitals in response to the pandemic's outbreak. We identified five focal themes across the webpages published by the hospitals during our study period including (1) popular medical science education, (2) digitalized hospital processes, (3) knowledge management for medical professionals, (4) telemedicine, and (5) new IT initiatives for healthcare services. Our analysis revealed that Chinese hospitals spent greater effort in promoting popular medical science education in the initial stages of our study period and more on telemedicine in the latter stages. We propose a configurational approach for hospitals to design response strategies to pandemic outbreaks based on their available resources. Our study provides rich insights for hospitals to better utilize their IT resources and some recommendations for policy makers to better support hospitals in the future."}, {"pmid": 32409176, "pmcid": "PMC7205702", "title": "COVID-19 and ischemic stroke: Should we systematically look for lupus anticoagulant and antiphospholipid antibodies?", "journal": "Rev Neurol (Paris)", "authors": ["Aubignat, M", "Godefroy, O"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409176", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510968, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic Presents an Opportunity to Reassess the Value of Polysomnography.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Patel, Sanjay R", "Donovan, Lucas M"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510968", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385900, "pmcid": "PMC7272887", "title": "IJED support for eating disorders research in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Eat Disord", "authors": ["Weissman, Ruth S", "Klump, Kelly L", "Wade, Tracey", "Thomas, Jennifer J", "Frank, Guido", "Waller, Glenn"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385900", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This editorial reports on an anonymous survey question posed to eating disorders researchers about changes the International Journal of Eating Disorders (IJED) should implement to support the eating disorders research community affected by COVID-19. The editorial accompanies an IJED article that details responses to the larger survey focusing more broadly on COVID-19-related research disruptions. Survey invitations were sent to editorial board members of eating disorders journals, members of eating disorder scientific organizations (e.g., Eating Disorders Research Society), and individuals who provided at least three IJED reviews in the prior 12\u2009months. We reviewed the responses of 187 participants and identified three categories of changes that: (a) had already been implemented by the journal, (b) cannot be implemented because they fall outside the scope of IJED, or (c) will be implemented in coming weeks or months. The latter category includes publishing topical COVID-19 papers, making some COVID-19-related content available open access, revising statistical guidelines, and issuing author guidance on reporting protocol changes caused by COVID-19-related disruptions. IJED recognizes the disruptive impacts that COVID-19 has on all activities in our field, including clinical work, teaching, and advocacy, and is committed to supporting authors during this difficult time while striving to publish high-quality research."}, {"pmid": 32488896, "title": "French West Indies castaway children as a result of the covid-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Rambaud, J", "Flechelle, O"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488896", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "I read with interest the submission of Haward et al. (1) dealing with the pediatrical ethics issues during this Covid-19 outbreak. I was particularly sensitive to the chapter dedicated to neonatal which highlighted very clearly the indirect consequences of this pandemic on the paediatric population. I would like to insist on the situation in the West Indies. The numbers of adult's vital distress sharply increase the need for intensive care beds. Even the great majority of pediatric intensive care units have provided equipment and staff to support the adult units (2)."}, {"pmid": 32321206, "title": "Is COVID-19 an opportunity to improve virtual leadership?", "journal": "Aust J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Saltman, Deborah Claire"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321206", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Integrating effective virtual leadership activities into general practice should become a priority in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32233337, "title": "Paying for Medicaid - State Budgets and the Case for Expansion in the Time of Coronavirus.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Gruber, Jonathan", "Sommers, Benjamin D"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233337", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493038, "pmcid": "PMC7273173", "title": "Emerging Challenges and Threats for Dental Health Care Sector Attributable to COVID-19: Tale of a Developing Country.", "journal": "Asia Pac J Public Health", "authors": ["Pethani, Asma Sadruddin", "Allana, Raheel Rehman", "Hussain, Mehmood"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493038", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Prevention and control of infection in dentistry is an essential matter that has gained immense attention in recent years. There exist a lack of scientific data about the cross-transmission and its associated risk, especially in the dental health care setting of Pakistan. This article will evaluate the emerging challenges and threats for the dental community in Pakistan attributable to the COVID-19 outbreak. Moreover, there exists a significant knowledge gap regarding the state- and institutional-level infection prevention and control (IPC) policies and practices and not much is known about the development, implementation, and monitoring of IPC policies and its challenges."}, {"pmid": 32502467, "pmcid": "PMC7266586", "title": "Says who? The significance of sampling in mental health surveys during COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Pierce, Matthias", "McManus, Sally", "Jessop, Curtis", "John, Ann", "Hotopf, Matthew", "Ford, Tamsin", "Hatch, Stephani", "Wessely, Simon", "Abel, Kathryn M"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502467", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505030, "pmcid": "PMC7255187", "title": "Suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of insomnia.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Killgore, William D S", "Cloonan, Sara A", "Taylor, Emily C", "Fernandez, Fabian", "Grandner, Michael A", "Dailey, Natalie S"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505030", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is growing concern over the potential for increased suicide risk in vulnerable populations as the COVID-19 pandemic unfolds. To contextualize this risk during the first weeks of the nationwide lockdown efforts, we had 1,013 U.S. adults complete questionnaires assessing worries over COVID-19, insomnia severity, and suicidal ideation. Anxiety about COVID-19 correlated positively with insomnia severity and suicidal ideation. Analysis revealed that the statistical association between pandemic fears and suicidal thinking was fully accounted for by insomnia severity, suggesting that interventions aimed at improving sleep may be useful in reducing suicide risk during the current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32253068, "pmcid": "PMC7127009", "title": "Recommendations for coronavirus infection in rheumatic diseases treated with biologic therapy.", "journal": "J Autoimmun", "authors": ["Ceribelli, Angela", "Motta, Francesca", "De Santis, Maria", "Ansari, Aftab A", "Ridgway, William M", "Gershwin, M Eric", "Selmi, Carlo"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253068", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus-associated disease, that was first identified in 2019 in China (CoViD-19), is a pandemic caused by a bat-derived beta-coronavirus, named SARS-CoV2. It shares homology with SARS and MERS-CoV, responsible for past outbreaks in China and in Middle East. SARS-CoV2 spread from China where the first infections were described in December 2019 and is responsible for the respiratory symptoms that can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome. A cytokine storm has been shown in patients who develop fatal complications, as observed in past coronavirus infections. The management includes ventilatory support and broad-spectrum antiviral drugs, empirically utilized, as a targeted therapy and vaccines have not been developed. Based upon our limited knowledge on the pathogenesis of CoViD-19, a potential role of some anti-rheumatic drugs may be hypothesized, acting as direct antivirals or targeting host immune response. Antimalarial drugs, commonly used in rheumatology, may alter the lysosomal proteases that mediates the viral entry into the cell and have demonstrated efficacy in improving the infection. Anti-IL-1 and anti-IL-6 may interfere with the cytokine storm in severe cases and use of tocilizumab has shown good outcomes in a small cohort. Baricitinib has both antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. Checkpoints inhibitors such as anti-CD200 and anti-PD1 could have a role in the treatment of CoViD-19. Rheumatic disease patients taking immunosuppressive drugs should be recommended to maintain the chronic therapy, prevent infection by avoiding social contacts and pausing immunosuppressants in case of infection. National and international registries are being created to collect data on rheumatic patients with CoViD-19."}, {"pmid": 32379322, "pmcid": "PMC7239132", "title": "In Reply: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 Global Pandemic: A Neurosurgical Treatment Algorithm.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Balestrino, Alberto", "Fiaschi, Pietro", "Melloni, Ilaria", "Riccardi, Niccolo", "Prior, Alessandro", "Zona, Gianluigi"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379322", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467015, "pmcid": "PMC7205629", "title": "[SARS-CoV-2: A peculiar presentation].", "journal": "Semergen", "authors": ["Crespo Sabaris, R", "Isaula Jimenez, O F", "Azofra Andres, B"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467015", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396603, "pmcid": "PMC7239126", "title": "Rheumatology in a time of Coronavirus: Lessons from our early experiences.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Cronin, Owen", "Horne, Annamarie", "Ralston, Stuart H"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396603", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425996, "pmcid": "PMC7227597", "title": "A Systematic Review of Asymptomatic Infections with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Gao, Zhiru", "Xu, Yinghui", "Sun, Chao", "Wang, Xu", "Guo, Ye", "Qiu, Shi", "Ma, Kewei"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425996", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Treatment", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in late December 2019, it has brought significant harm and challenges to over 200 countries and regions around the world. However, there is increasing evidence that many patients with COVID-19 are asymptomatic or have only mild symptoms, but they are able to transmit the virus to others. There are difficulties in screening for asymptomatic infections, which makes it more difficult for national prevention and control of this epidemic. This article reviews the characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of asymptomatic infections with COVID-19, hoping it would be helpful for early prevention and control of this severe public health threat worldwide."}, {"pmid": 32467432, "title": "Fitting Community-Centered Population Health (CCPH) Into the Existing Health Care Delivery Patchwork: The Politics of CCPH.", "journal": "J Ambul Care Manage", "authors": ["Goldfield, Norbert"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467432", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 crisis has nakedly exposed the problems and huge holes in the health care system of the United States. For today, we need to address the current pandemic from the point of view of both control and suppression. But such efforts could also provide insights into a post-pandemic restructuring of health care. If one or several states succeed in addressing the COVID pandemic together with an associated modest economic resurgence, citizens could develop the trust in state leadership necessary to finally make fundamental changes in our health care system. Such change is a once in a century opportunity."}, {"pmid": 32420652, "title": "A nursing informatics response to COVID-19: perspectives from five regions of the world.", "journal": "J Adv Nurs", "authors": ["Atique, Suleman", "Bautista, John Robert", "Block, Lorraine J", "Lee, Jay Jung Jae", "Lozada-Perezmitre, Erika", "Nibber, Raji", "O'Connor, Siobhan", "Peltonen, Laura-Maria", "Ronquillo, Charlene", "Tayaben, Jude", "Thilo, Friederike J S", "Topaz, Maxim"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420652", "countries": ["United States", "Mexico", "China", "Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 21st century has seen several infectious disease outbreaks that have turned into epidemics and pandemics including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) which began in Asia in 2003 (Poon, Guan, Nicholls, Yuen, & Peiris, 2004), followed by H1N1 that emerged in Mexico and the United States in 2009 (Belongia et al., 2010). Next came the lesser known Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) originating in Saudi Arabia in 2012 (Assiri et al., 2013), after which the Ebola outbreak in West Africa took place from 2014 to 2016, with a more recent occurrence in the Democratic Republic of Congo from 2018 to 2019 (Malvy, McElroy, de Clerck, G\u00fcnther, & van Griensven, 2019). To date, the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak that started in Wuhan, in the Hubei province of China, in late December 2019 seems to be eclipsing all of these previous infectious diseases in terms of its global reach and impact (Wang, Horby, Hayden, & Gao, 2020). After being declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a public health emergency on 30 January 2020 (World Health Organization, 2020c), it was elevated to a pandemic status on 11 March 2020 (World Health Organization, 2020d). As of 28 April 2020, there are more than 2.9 million cases and 202,597 deaths reported worldwide (World Health Organization, 2020b)."}, {"pmid": 32147516, "pmcid": "PMC7135364", "title": "Arguments in favour of remdesivir for treating SARS-CoV-2 infections.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Ko, Wen-Chien", "Rolain, Jean-Marc", "Lee, Nan-Yao", "Chen, Po-Lin", "Huang, Ching-Tai", "Lee, Ping-Ing", "Hsueh, Po-Ren"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32147516", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259607, "pmcid": "PMC7151522", "title": "The other side of novel coronavirus outbreak: Fear of performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Scquizzato, Tommaso", "Olasveengen, Theresa Mariero", "Ristagno, Giuseppe", "Semeraro, Federico"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259607", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32235413, "pmcid": "PMC7177503", "title": "Response to the COVID-19 Epidemic: The Chinese Experience and Implications for Other Countries.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Liu, Wei", "Yue, Xiao-Guang", "Tchounwou, Paul B"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235413", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that occurred in China is rapidly spreading globally. China's bond and strict containment measures have been proved (in practice) to significantly reduce the spread of the epidemic. This was obtained through the use of emergency control measures in the epidemic areas and the integration of resources from multiple systems, including business, community, technology, education, and transportation, across the country. In order to better understand how China has managed to reduce the public health and economic impacts of the COVID-19 epidemic, this editorial systematically reviews the specific measures for infection prevention and control of the disease. The best practices for COVID-19 eradication in China provide evidence-based strategies that could be replicated in other countries."}, {"pmid": 32521203, "title": "COVID-19: the great unequaliser.", "journal": "J R Soc Med", "authors": ["Devakumar, Delan", "Bhopal, Sunil S", "Shannon, Geordan"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521203", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356871, "title": "Contact Tracing, Testing, and Control of COVID-19-Learning From Taiwan.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["Steinbrook, Robert"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356871", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498686, "pmcid": "PMC7270518", "title": "Immunologic aspects of characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Biomed Sci", "authors": ["Chang, Feng-Yee", "Chen, Hsiang-Cheng", "Chen, Pei-Jer", "Ho, Mei-Shang", "Hsieh, Shie-Liang", "Lin, Jung-Chung", "Liu, Fu-Tong", "Sytwu, Huey-Kang"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498686", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the worldwide spread of the infectious disease COVID-19, caused by a new strain of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, as a pandemic. Like in all other infectious diseases, the host immune system plays a key role in our defense against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, viruses are able to evade the immune attack and proliferate and, in susceptible individuals, cause severe inflammatory response known as cytokine storm, particularly in the lungs. The advancement in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the host immune responses promises to facilitate the development of approaches for prevention or treatment of diseases. Components of immune system, such as antibodies, can also be used to develop sensitive and specific diagnostic methods as well as novel therapeutic agents. In this review, we summarize our knowledge about how the host mounts immune responses to infection by SARS-CoV-2. We also describe the diagnostic methods being used for COVID-19 identification and summarize the current status of various therapeutic strategies, including vaccination, being considered for treatment of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32392364, "pmcid": "PMC7273100", "title": "Political polarization at the time of the coronavirus: A Brazilian's view.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Leao, Jair Carneiro"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392364", "countries": ["Brazil"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355117, "pmcid": "PMC7224622", "title": "Nimble, Together: A Training Program's Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Bryan, Darren S", "Benjamin, Andrew J", "Schneider, Andrew B", "Milner, Ross", "Matthews, Jeffrey B", "Roggin, Kevin K"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355117", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32196032, "pmcid": "PMC7269184", "title": "PRESCIENT: platform for the rapid evaluation of antibody success using integrated microfluidics enabled technology.", "journal": "Lab Chip", "authors": ["Wippold, Jose A", "Wang, Han", "Tingling, Joseph", "Leibowitz, Julian L", "de Figueiredo, Paul", "Han, Arum"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196032", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Identifying antibodies (Abs) that neutralize infectious agents is the first step for developing therapeutics, vaccines, and diagnostic tools for these infectious agents. However, current approaches for identifying neutralizing Abs (nAbs) typically rely on dilution-based assays that are costly, inefficient, and only survey a small subset of the entire repertoire. There are also intrinsic biases in many steps of conventional nAb identification processes. More importantly, conventional assays rely on simple Ab-antigen binding assays, which may not result in identifying the most potent nAbs, as the strongest binder may not be the most potent nAb. Droplet microfluidic systems have the capability to overcome such limitations by conducting complex multi-step assays with high reliability, resolution, and throughput in a pico-liter volume water-in-oil emulsion droplet format. Here, we describe the development of PRESCIENT (Platform for the Rapid Evaluation of antibody SucCess using Integrated microfluidics ENabled Technology), a droplet microfluidic system that can enable high-throughput single-cell resolution identification of nAb repertoires elicited in response to viral infection. We demonstrate PRESCIENT's ability to identify Abs that neutralize a model viral agent, Murine coronavirus (murine hepatitis virus), which causes high mortality rates in experimentally infected mice. In-droplet infection of host cells by the virus was first demonstrated, followed by demonstration of in-droplet neutralization by nAbs produced from a single Ab-producing hybridoma cell. Finally, fluorescence intensity analyses of two populations of hybridoma cell lines (nAb-producing and non-nAb-producing hybridoma cell lines) successfully discriminated between the two populations. The presented strategy and platform have the potential to identify and investigate neutralizing activities against a broad range of potential infectious agents for which nAbs have yet to be discovered, significantly advancing the nAb identification process as well as reinvigorating the field of Ab discovery, characterization, and development."}, {"pmid": 32352022, "pmcid": "PMC7189196", "title": "Urticarial exanthem as early diagnostic clue for COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "JAAD Case Rep", "authors": ["Quintana-Castanedo, Lucia", "Feito-Rodriguez, Marta", "Valero-Lopez, Ivan", "Chiloeches-Fernandez, Clara", "Sendagorta-Cudos, Elena", "Herranz-Pinto, Pedro"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352022", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528149, "title": "Kawasaki disease in a COVID-19-struck region.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Stower, Hannah"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528149", "countries": ["Japan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292260, "pmcid": "PMC7141449", "title": "Guidelines for dental care provision during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Saudi Dent J", "authors": ["Alharbi, Ali", "Alharbi, Saad", "Alqaidi, Shahad"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292260", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was declared a pandemic on 11 March 2020. Several dental care facilities in affected countries have been completely closed or have been only providing minimal treatment for emergency cases. However, several facilities in some affected countries are still providing regular dental treatment. This can in part be a result of the lack of universal protocol or guidelines regulating the dental care provision during such a pandemic. This lack of guidelines can on one hand increase the nosocomial COVID-19 spread through dental health care facilities, and on the other hand deprive patients' in need of the required urgent dental care. Moreover, ceasing dental care provision during such a period will incense the burden on hospitals emergency departments already struggle with the pandemic. This work aimed to develop guidelines for dental patients' management during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Guidelines for dental care provision during the COVID-19 pandemic were developed after considering the nature of COVID-19 pandemic, and were based on grouping the patients according to condition and need, and considering the procedures according to risk and benefit. It is hoped that the guidelines proposed in this work will help in the management of dental care around the world during and after this COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32407256, "title": "Acute Pulmonary Embolism and COVID-19.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Poyiadji, Neo", "Cormier, Peter", "Patel, Parth Y", "Hadied, Mohamad O", "Bhargava, Pallavi", "Khanna, Kanika", "Nadig, Jeffrey", "Keimig, Thomas", "Spizarny, David", "Reeser, Nicholas", "Klochko, Chad", "Peterson, Edward L", "Song, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407256", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267485, "pmcid": "PMC7142799", "title": "Screening and Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Children in Madrid, Spain.", "journal": "JAMA Pediatr", "authors": ["Tagarro, Alfredo", "Epalza, Cristina", "Santos, Mar", "Sanz-Santaeufemia, Francisco Jose", "Otheo, Enrique", "Moraleda, Cinta", "Calvo, Cristina"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267485", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32023681, "title": "[Diagnosis and clinical management of 2019 novel coronavirus infection: an operational recommendation of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (V2.0)].", "journal": "Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi", "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32023681", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, China has been experiencing an outbreak of new infectious disease caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). The clinical features include fever, coughing, shortness of breath, and inflammatory pulmonary infiltration revealed by X ray. China rapidly identified 2019-nCoV-related pneumonia a statutory infectious disease. To standardize the diagnosis and treatment of this new infectious disease, operational guidelines for the diagnosis and management of 2019-nCoV infection is accomplished by Peking Union Medical College Hospital."}, {"pmid": 32493609, "pmcid": "PMC7254022", "title": "SGLT-2 inhibitors for COVID-19 - A miracle waiting to happen or just another beat around the bush?", "journal": "Prim Care Diabetes", "authors": ["Chatterjee, Subhankar"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493609", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32175069, "pmcid": "PMC7050235", "title": "Imported Wuhan Coronavirus Infection: Is there any Correlation with Number of Immigrants from Endemic Area and Period after the First Outbreak?", "journal": "Int J Prev Med", "authors": ["Sookaromdee, Pathum", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32175069", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408922, "pmcid": "PMC7256220", "title": "Deaths from COVID-19 in healthcare workers in Italy-What can we learn?", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Lapolla, Pierfrancesco", "Mingoli, Andrea", "Lee, Regent"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408922", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311489, "pmcid": "PMC7165083", "title": "Weathering the Cytokine Storm in Susceptible Patients with Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Lipworth, Brian", "Chan, Rory", "Lipworth, Samuel", "RuiWen Kuo, Chris"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311489", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295652, "pmcid": "PMC7188690", "title": "Preparedness is Essential for Western Pacific Islands During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Mei, Yujie", "Hu, Jijia"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295652", "countries": ["China", "Philippines", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To clarify the pandemic status in Western Pacific countries or territories. The WHO's daily situation reports of COVID-19 were reviewed from January 20, 2020, to March 24, 2020. Changes in the infections, deaths, and the case fatality rate (CFR) in Western Pacific countries or territories were counted. As of March 24, a total of 17 countries or territories had reported the presence of COVID-19 in the Western Pacific Region, 96,580 people have been infected and a total of 3502 deaths. Fifty-three percent (9/17) of these countries or territories had their first case within 2 wk since the WHO's first report, most are China's neighbors with a large and dense population. No other country or territory in this region reported a new infection from January 30 to February 28. However, 8 (47.0%) countries or territories have reported the first cases in 3 wk since February 28, almost all are islands. Many countries maintained a small number of infections for a long time after the first report, but a rapid increase occurred later. Deaths occurred in 8 countries with a total CFR of 3.63%, and the CFR varies widely, from 0.39% (Singapore) to 7.14% (Philippines). The regional spread of COVID-19 urgently requires an aggressive preparedness for the Western Pacific Islands."}, {"pmid": 32395792, "title": "COVID-19: Main therapeutic options.", "journal": "Tunis Med", "authors": ["Hachfi, Wissem", "Ben Lasfar, Nadia"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395792", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412896, "title": "Cluster of Coronavirus Disease Associated with Fitness Dance Classes, South Korea.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Jang, Sukbin", "Han, Si Hyun", "Rhee, Ji-Young"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412896", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During 24 days in Cheonan, South Korea, 112 persons were infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 associated with fitness dance classes at 12 sports facilities. Intense physical exercise in densely populated sports facilities could increase risk for infection. Vigorous exercise in confined spaces should be minimized during outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32488158, "title": "Heat and coronavirus can be twin killers.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["McPhearson, Timon", "Mustafa, Ahmed", "Ortiz, Luis"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488158", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371404, "title": "Medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic: perspectives from UK trainees.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Yuen, Jason", "Xie, Fangyi"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371404", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301748, "title": "Clinical chemistry tests for patients with COVID-19 - important caveats for interpretation.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Kavsak, Peter A", "de Wit, Kerstin", "Worster, Andrew"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301748", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221003, "title": "Ensuring animal welfare during Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Aitken, Maureen M"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221003", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446177, "pmcid": "PMC7236732", "title": "Airway management and ventilation principles in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Szarpak, Lukasz", "Drozd, Anna", "Smereka, Jacek"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446177", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32214231, "pmcid": "PMC7095230", "title": "COVID-19: faecal-oral transmission?", "journal": "Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Hindson, Jordan"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32214231", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446313, "pmcid": "PMC7241998", "title": "Organoids of human airways to study infectivity and cytopathy of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Elbadawi, Mohamed", "Efferth, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446313", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277247, "pmcid": "PMC7147358", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): we don't leave women alone.", "journal": "Int J Public Health", "authors": ["Mantovani, Alessandro", "Dalbeni, Andrea", "Beatrice, Giorgia"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277247", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468972, "title": "Guillain-Barre syndrome with facial diplegia related to SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Can J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Chan, Jason L", "Ebadi, Hamid", "Sarna, Justyna R"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468972", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294807, "title": "Hydroxychloroquine use during the COVID-19 pandemic 2020.", "journal": "Aust J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Mack, Heather G"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294807", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At present, there are no studies demonstrating the clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine for the prophylaxis or treatment of COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32482485, "pmcid": "PMC7240276", "title": "Perceived stress and sleep quality among the non-diseased general public in China during the 2019 coronavirus disease: a moderated mediation model.", "journal": "Sleep Med", "authors": ["Zhao, Xiaolin", "Lan, Mengxue", "Li, Huixiang", "Yang, Juan"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482485", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread worldwide, and its associated stressors have resulted in decreased sleep quality among front-line workers. However, in China, the general public displayed more psychological problems than the front-line workers during the pandemic. Therefore, we investigated the influence of perceived stress on the sleep quality of the non-diseased general public and developed a moderated mediation model to explain said relationship. Questionnaire-based surveys were conducted online from February 18-25, 2020 with 1630 Chinese participants (aged 18-68 years). Around one-third (36.38%) of participants were poor sleepers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, higher perceived stress was significantly associated with higher anxiety levels, which, in turn, was associated with lower sleep quality. Self-esteem moderated the indirect effect of perceived stress on sleep quality through its moderation of the effect of perceived stress on anxiety. This indicated that the mediation effect of anxiety was stronger in those with low levels of self-esteem than in those with high levels of self-esteem. These findings suggest that both the sleep quality and perceived stress levels of the non-diseased general public required attention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings also identify personality characteristics related to better sleep quality, demonstrating the important role of self-esteem in environmental adaptation."}, {"pmid": 32145185, "pmcid": "PMC7155742", "title": "Middle East respiratory syndrome.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Memish, Ziad A", "Perlman, Stanley", "Van Kerkhove, Maria D", "Zumla, Alimuddin"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145185", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of", "Jordan", "Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a lethal zoonotic pathogen that was first identified in humans in Saudi Arabia and Jordan in 2012. Intermittent sporadic cases, community clusters, and nosocomial outbreaks of MERS-CoV continue to occur. Between April 2012 and December 2019, 2499 laboratory-confirmed cases of MERS-CoV infection, including 858 deaths (34\u00b73% mortality) were reported from 27 countries to WHO, the majority of which were reported by Saudi Arabia (2106 cases, 780 deaths). Large outbreaks of human-to-human transmission have occurred, the largest in Riyadh and Jeddah in 2014 and in South Korea in 2015. MERS-CoV remains a high-threat pathogen identified by WHO as a priority pathogen because it causes severe disease that has a high mortality rate, epidemic potential, and no medical countermeasures. This Seminar provides an update on the current knowledge and perspectives on MERS epidemiology, virology, mode of transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical features, management, infection control, development of new therapeutics and vaccines, and highlights unanswered questions and priorities for research, improved management, and prevention."}, {"pmid": 32301390, "pmcid": "PMC7241555", "title": "Attenuated SARS-CoV-2 variants with deletions at the S1/S2 junction.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Lau, Siu-Ying", "Wang, Pui", "Mok, Bobo Wing-Yee", "Zhang, Anna Jinxia", "Chu, Hin", "Lee, Andrew Chak-Yiu", "Deng, Shaofeng", "Chen, Pin", "Chan, Kwok-Hung", "Song, Wenjun", "Chen, Zhiwei", "To, Kelvin Kai-Wang", "Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung", "Chen, Honglin"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301390", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has led to the current global coronavirus pandemic and more than one million infections since December 2019. The exact origin of SARS-CoV-2 remains elusive, but the presence of a distinct motif in the S1/S2 junction region suggests the possible acquisition of cleavage site(s) in the spike protein that promoted cross-species transmission. Through plaque purification of Vero-E6 cultured SARS-CoV-2, we found a series of variants which contain 15-30-bp deletions (Del-mut) or point mutations respectively at the S1/S2 junction. Examination of the original clinical specimen from which the isolate was derived, and 26 additional SARS-CoV-2 positive clinical specimens, failed to detect these variants. Infection of hamsters shows that one of the variants (Del-mut-1) which carries deletion of 10 amino acids (30bp) does not cause the body weight loss or more severe pathological changes in the lungs that is associated with wild type virus infection. We suggest that the unique cleavage motif promoting SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans may be under strong selective pressure, given that replication in permissive Vero-E6 cells leads to the loss of this adaptive function. It would be important to screen the prevalence of these variants in asymptomatic infected cases. The potential of the Del-mut variants as an attenuated vaccine or laboratory tool should be evaluated."}, {"pmid": 32337664, "pmcid": "PMC7183818", "title": "Rational Use of Tocilizumab in the Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia.", "journal": "Clin Drug Investig", "authors": ["Zhang, Shengyu", "Li, Lei", "Shen, Aizong", "Chen, Yongwu", "Qi, Zhigang"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337664", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) has broken out in Wuhan, China and spread rapidly. Recent studies have found that \u2053\u200915.7% of patients develop severe pneumonia, and cytokine storm is an important factor leading to rapid disease progression. Currently, there are no specific drugs for COVID-19 and the cytokine storm it causes. IL-6 is one of the key cytokines involved in infection-induced cytokine storm. Tocilizumab, which is the IL-6 receptor antagonist, has been approved by the US FDA for the treatment of cytokine release syndrome (CRS), is expected to treat cytokine storm caused by COVID-19 and is now in clinical trials. In this paper, we will elaborate the role of cytokine storm in COVID-19, the mechanism of tocilizumab on cytokine storm and the key points of pharmaceutical care based on the actual clinical application for COVID-19 in our hospital, the latest research reports, clinical trial progress of tocilizumab, drug instruction from the US FDA, and \"Diagnosis and Treatment Plan of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (seventh trial edition)\" in China, so as to provide reference for the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32469610, "pmcid": "PMC7268899", "title": "Mortality and Advanced Support Requirement for Patients With Cancer With COVID-19: A Mathematical Dynamic Model for Latin America.", "journal": "JCO Glob Oncol", "authors": ["Ruiz-Patino, Alejandro", "Arrieta, Oscar", "Pino, Luis E", "Rolfo, Christian", "Ricaurte, Luisa", "Recondo, Gonzalo", "Zatarain-Barron, Zyanya-Lucia", "Corrales, Luis", "Martin, Claudio", "Barron, Feliciano", "Vargas, Carlos", "Carranza, Hernan", "Otero, Jorge", "Rodriguez, July", "Sotelo, Carolina", "Viola, Lucia", "Russo, Alessandro", "Rosell, Rafael", "Cardona, Andres F"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469610", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the midst of a global pandemic, evidence suggests that similar to other severe respiratory viral infections, patients with cancer are at higher risk of becoming infected by COVID-19 and have a poorer prognosis. We have modeled the mortality and the intensive care unit (ICU) requirement for the care of patients with cancer infected with COVID-19 in Latin America. A dynamic multistate Markov model was constructed. Transition probabilities were estimated on the basis of published reports for cumulative probability of complications. Basic reproductive number (R0) values were modeled with R using the EpiEstim package. Estimations of days of ICU requirement and absolute mortality were calculated by imputing number of cumulative cases in the Markov model. Estimated median time of ICU requirement was 12.7 days, median time to mortality was 16.3 days after infection, and median time to severe event was 8.1 days. Peak ICU occupancy for patients with cancer was calculated at 16 days after infection. Deterministic sensitivity analysis revealed an interval for mortality between 18.5% and 30.4%. With the actual incidence tendency, Latin America would be expected to lose approximately 111,725 patients with cancer to SARS-CoV-2 (range, 87,116-143,154 patients) by the 60th day since the start of the outbreak. Losses calculated vary between < 1% to 17.6% of all patients with cancer in the region. Cancer-related cases and deaths attributable to SARS-CoV-2 will put a great strain on health care systems in Latin America. Early implementation of interventions on the basis of data given by disease modeling could mitigate both infections and deaths among patients with cancer."}, {"pmid": 32035510, "pmcid": "PMC7133551", "title": "2019-nCoV transmission through the ocular surface must not be ignored.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Lu, Cheng-Wei", "Liu, Xiu-Fen", "Jia, Zhi-Fang"], "date": "2020-02-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32035510", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387496, "pmcid": "PMC7199692", "title": "Taste Changes (Dysgeusia) in COVID-19: A systematic review and metaanalysis.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Aziz, Muhammad", "Perisetti, Abhilash", "Lee-Smith, Wade M", "Gajendran, Mahesh", "Bansal, Pardeep", "Goyal, Hemant"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387496", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332912, "title": "Coronavirus shutdown forces research ship to break out of Arctic ice.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Hall, Shannon"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332912", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428245, "title": "Kicking on while it's still kicking off - getting surgery and anaesthesia restarted after COVID-19.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Cook, T M", "Harrop-Griffiths, W"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428245", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32239446, "pmcid": "PMC7110270", "title": "The Rapid Assessment and Early Warning Models for COVID-19.", "journal": "Virol Sin", "authors": ["Bai, Zhihua", "Gong, Yue", "Tian, Xiaodong", "Cao, Ying", "Liu, Wenjun", "Li, Jing"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239446", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Human beings have experienced a serious public health event as the new pneumonia (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus has killed more than 3000 people in China, most of them elderly or people with underlying chronic diseases or immunosuppressed states. Rapid assessment and early warning are essential for outbreak analysis in response to serious public health events. This paper reviews the current model analysis methods and conclusions from both micro and macro perspectives. The establishment of a comprehensive assessment model, and the use of model analysis prediction, is very efficient for the early warning of infectious diseases. This would significantly improve global surveillance capacity, particularly in developing regions, and improve basic training in infectious diseases and molecular epidemiology."}, {"pmid": 32468178, "pmcid": "PMC7255442", "title": "Reply to the letter by Gaetano Loscocco, Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, HScore and COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Hematol", "authors": ["Takami, Akiyoshi"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468178", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374430, "pmcid": "PMC7267543", "title": "DC/L-SIGNs of Hope in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Brufsky, Adam", "Lotze, Michael T"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374430", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a rapidly evolving pandemic such as COVID-19, theories which help unify disparate pre-clinical and clinical observations would be useful. The current pandemic and its pleotropic effects can be explained in part by interaction between SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S, the ACE2/L-SIGN/CD209 receptor on the type II alveolar cell of the lung, and the DC-SIGN receptor on the respiratory dendritic cell (DC) and associated endothelial cells. Infection of the DC by SARS-CoV-2 can potentially explain the exuberant distal immunopathology seen in COVID-19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32502581, "pmcid": "PMC7264937", "title": "COVID-19 and non-traditional mask use: How do various materials compare in reducing the infection risk for mask wearers?", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Wilson, Amanda M", "Abney, Sarah E", "King, Marco-Felipe", "Weir, Mark H", "Lopez-Garcia, Martin", "Sexton, Jonathan D", "Dancer, Stephanie J", "Proctor, Jessica", "Noakes, Catherine J", "Reynolds, Kelly A"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502581", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32228860, "pmcid": "PMC7224694", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) by the numbers.", "journal": "Elife", "authors": ["Bar-On, Yinon M", "Flamholz, Avi", "Phillips, Rob", "Milo, Ron"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32228860", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is a harsh reminder of the fact that, whether in a single human host or a wave of infection across continents, viral dynamics is often a story about the numbers. In this article we provide a one-stop, curated graphical source for the key numbers (based mostly on the peer-reviewed literature) about the SARS-CoV-2 virus that is responsible for the pandemic. The discussion is framed around two broad themes: i) the biology of the virus itself; ii) the characteristics of the infection of a single human host."}, {"pmid": 32385627, "pmcid": "PMC7210104", "title": "Triage decision-making at the time of COVID-19 infection: the Piacenza strategy.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Erika, Poggiali", "Andrea, Vercelli", "Cillis, Maria Grazia", "Ioannilli, Eva", "Iannicelli, Teresa", "Andrea, Magnacavallo"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385627", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525376, "title": "Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic upon mental health: Perspectives from Vietnam.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Nguyen, Trang H D", "Vu, Danh C"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525376", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Similar to other nations in the world, Vietnam has swiftly implemented measures to contain the spread of COVID-19, and these have been transforming many aspects of society. The country is showing resilience to fear, stress, and anxiety related to the COVID-19 pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32347205, "title": "Narcolepsy and COVID-19: sleeping on an opportunity?", "journal": "J Clin Sleep Med", "authors": ["Fernandez, Fabian-Xose", "Flygare, Julie", "Grandner, Michael A"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347205", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513665, "title": "Remdesivir in Patients with Acute or Chronic Kidney Disease and COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Adamsick, Meagan L", "Gandhi, Ronak G", "Bidell, Monique R", "Elshaboury, Ramy H", "Bhattacharyya, Roby P", "Kim, Arthur Y", "Nigwekar, Sagar", "Rhee, Eugene P", "Sise, Meghan E"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513665", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282442, "title": "A Bioethical Perspective for Navigating Moral Dilemmas Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Orthop Surg", "authors": ["Dunham, Alexandra M", "Rieder, Travis N", "Humbyrd, Casey J"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282442", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has been an unprecedented challenge to healthcare systems and clinicians around the globe. As the virus has spread, critical questions arose about how to best deliver health care in emergency situations where material and personnel resources become scarce. Clinicians who excel at caring for the individual patient at the bedside are now being reoriented into a system where they are being asked to see the collective public as their responsibility. As such, the clinical ethics that clinicians are accustomed to practicing are being modified by a framework of public health ethics defined by the presence of a global pandemic. There are many unknowns about Coronavirus disease 2019, which makes it difficult to provide consistent recommendations and guidelines that uniformly apply to all situations. This lack of consensus leads to the clinicians' confusion and distress. Real-life dilemmas about how to allocate resources and provide care in hotspot cities make explicit the need for careful ethical analysis, but the need runs far deeper than that; even when not trading some lives against others, the responsibilities of both individual clinicians and the broader healthcare system are changing in the face of this crisis."}, {"pmid": 32341599, "pmcid": "PMC7184163", "title": "Is Immuno-modulation the Key to COVID-19 Pandemic?", "journal": "Indian J Orthop", "authors": ["Gupta, Ajay"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341599", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317765, "pmcid": "PMC7171441", "title": "COVID-19: the risk of respiratory techniques in healthcare workers.", "journal": "Spinal Cord", "authors": ["Torres-Castro, Rodrigo", "Vilaro, Jordi", "Vera-Uribe, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317765", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417136, "pmcid": "PMC7228693", "title": "COVID-19 in a patient with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps during therapy with dupilumab.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Forster-Ruhrmann, Ulrike", "Szczepek, Agnieszka J", "Bachert, Claus", "Olze, Heidi"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417136", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383008, "pmcid": "PMC7203700", "title": "The Role of Pharmacovigilance and ISoP During the Global COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Drug Saf", "authors": ["Chandler, Rebecca E", "McCarthy, Deirdre", "Delumeau, Jean-Christophe", "Harrison-Woolrych, Mira"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383008", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493950, "title": "Academic leaders must support inclusive scientific communities during COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Ecol Evol", "authors": ["Maas, Bea", "Grogan, Kathleen E", "Chirango, Yolanda", "Harris, Nyeema", "Lievano-Latorre, Luisa Fernanda", "McGuire, Krista L", "Moore, Alexandria C", "Ocampo-Ariza, Carolina", "Palta, Monica Marie", "Perfecto, Ivette", "Primack, Richard B", "Rowell, Kirsten", "Sales, Lilian", "Santos-Silva, Rejane", "Silva, Rafaela Aparecida", "Sterling, Eleanor J", "Vieira, Raisa R S", "Wyborn, Carina", "Toomey, Anne"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493950", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511849, "title": "Bipolar disorder, COVID-19, and the risk of relapse.", "journal": "Bipolar Disord", "authors": ["Rajkumar, Ravi Philip"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511849", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic represents a global health crisis which can directly or indirectly affect the mental health of millions of people around the world. There are certain aspects of this pandemic, and of the measures necessary for this control, which are of particular concern for patients with bipolar disorders, particularly as regards the risk of relapse."}, {"pmid": 32240756, "pmcid": "PMC7271287", "title": "Telemedicine in the Time of Coronavirus.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Calton, Brook", "Abedini, Nauzley", "Fratkin, Michael"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240756", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Within weeks, COVID-19 has transformed our practice of palliative care and clinical medicine as we know it. Telemedicine has emerged as a critical technology to bring medical care to patients while attempting to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 among patients, families, and clinicians. It is also increasingly necessary to preserve scarce resources like personal protective equipment. In this article, we share just-in-time tips to support palliative care clinicians and program leaders in providing the best care possible by telemedicine. These quick, practical tips cover telemedicine setup, patient considerations, and clinician considerations. Next steps include ensuring equitable access to affordable telemedicine technology for vulnerable populations through creative solutions and financing, and dedicated attention to telemedicine evaluation and quality improvement."}, {"pmid": 32519352, "title": "The possible protective role of alpha-synuclein against the SARS-CoV-2 infections in patients with Parkinson's disease.", "journal": "Mov Disord", "authors": ["Ait Wahmane, Sofiane", "Achbani, Abderrahmane", "Ouhaz, Zakaria", "Elatiqi, Mohamed", "Belmouden, Ahmed", "Nejmeddine, Mohamed"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519352", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488837, "pmcid": "PMC7266418", "title": "Possible long-term endocrine-metabolic complications in COVID-19: lesson from the SARS model.", "journal": "Endocrine", "authors": ["Mongioi, Laura M", "Barbagallo, Federica", "Condorelli, Rosita A", "Cannarella, Rossella", "Aversa, Antonio", "La Vignera, Sandro", "Calogero, Aldo E"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488837", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is centralizing the interest of the scientific world. In the next months, long-term consequences on the endocrine system may arise following COVID-19. In this article, we hypothesized the effects of SARS-CoV-2 taking into account what learned from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) that caused SARS in 2003."}, {"pmid": 32246185, "pmcid": "PMC7124188", "title": "We Asked the Experts: Covid-19 Outbreak: Is There Still a Place for Scheduled Surgery? \"Reflection from Pathophysiological Data\".", "journal": "World J Surg", "authors": ["Besnier, Emmanuel", "Tuech, Jean-Jacques", "Schwarz, Lilian"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246185", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243776, "pmcid": "PMC7270343", "title": "Impacts of COVID-19 on vulnerable children in temporary accommodation in the UK.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Rosenthal, Diana Margot", "Ucci, Marcella", "Heys, Michelle", "Hayward, Andrew", "Lakhanpaul, Monica"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243776", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405101, "pmcid": "PMC7219400", "title": "Incidence of asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and elevated D-dimer levels.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Demelo-Rodriguez, P", "Cervilla-Munoz, E", "Ordieres-Ortega, L", "Parra-Virto, A", "Toledano-Macias, M", "Toledo-Samaniego, N", "Garcia-Garcia, A", "Garcia-Fernandez-Bravo, I", "Ji, Z", "de-Miguel-Diez, J", "Alvarez-Sala-Walther, L A", "Del-Toro-Cervera, J", "Galeano-Valle, F"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405101", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) has been reported. Whether COVID-19 increases the risk of VTE in non-ICU wards remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the burden of asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in COVID-19 patients with elevated D-dimer levels. In this prospective study consecutive patients hospitalized in non-intensive care units with diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia and D-dimer\u202f>\u202f1000\u202fng/ml were screened for asymptomatic DVT with complete compression doppler ultrasound (CCUS). The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. The study comprised 156 patients (65.4% male). All but three patients received standard doses of thromboprophylaxis. Median days of hospitalization until CCUS was 9 (IQR 5-17). CCUS was positive for DVT in 23 patients (14.7%), of whom only one was proximal DVT. Seven patients (4.5%) had bilateral distal DVT. Patients with DVT had higher median D-dimer levels: 4527 (IQR 1925-9144) ng/ml vs 2050 (IQR 1428-3235) ng/ml; p\u202f<\u202f0.001. D-dimer levels\u202f>\u202f1570\u202fng/ml were associated with asymptomatic DVT (OR 9.1; CI 95% 1.1-70.1). D-dimer showed an acceptable discriminative capacity (area under the ROC curve 0.72, 95% CI 0.61-0.84). In patients admitted with COVID-19 pneumonia and elevated D-dimer levels, the incidence of asymptomatic DVT is similar to that described in other series. Higher cut-off levels for D-dimer might be necessary for the diagnosis of DVT in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32176808, "title": "Potential impact of seasonal forcing on a SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Neher, Richard A", "Dyrdak, Robert", "Druelle, Valentin", "Hodcroft, Emma B", "Albert, Jan"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32176808", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) first detected in Wuhan, China, has spread rapidly since December 2019, causing more than 100,000 confirmed infections and 4000 fatalities (as of 10 March 2020). The outbreak has been declared a pandemic by the WHO on Mar 11, 2020. Here, we explore how seasonal variation in transmissibility could modulate a SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Data from routine diagnostics show a strong and consistent seasonal variation of the four endemic coronaviruses (229E, HKU1, NL63, OC43) and we parameterise our model for SARS-CoV-2 using these data. The model allows for many subpopulations of different size with variable parameters. Simulations of different scenarios show that plausible parameters result in a small peak in early 2020 in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere and a larger peak in winter 2020/2021. Variation in transmission and migration rates can result in substantial variation in prevalence between regions. While the uncertainty in parameters is large, the scenarios we explore show that transient reductions in the incidence rate might be due to a combination of seasonal variation and infection control efforts but do not necessarily mean the epidemic is contained. Seasonal forcing on SARS-CoV-2 should thus be taken into account in the further monitoring of the global transmission. The likely aggregated effect of seasonal variation, infection control measures, and transmission rate variation is a prolonged pandemic wave with lower prevalence at any given time, thereby providing a window of opportunity for better preparation of health care systems."}, {"pmid": 32466199, "title": "Prioritizing and Analyzing the Role of Climate and Urban Parameters in the Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 Based on Artificial Intelligence Applications.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Shaffiee Haghshenas, Sina", "Pirouz, Behrouz", "Shaffiee Haghshenas, Sami", "Pirouz, Behzad", "Piro, Patrizia", "Na, Kyoung-Sae", "Cho, Seo-Eun", "Geem, Zong Woo"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466199", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nowadays, an infectious disease outbreak is considered one of the most destructive effects in the sustainable development process. The outbreak of new coronavirus (COVID-19) as an infectious disease showed that it has undesirable social, environmental, and economic impacts, and leads to serious challenges and threats. Additionally, investigating the prioritization parameters is of vital importance to reducing the negative impacts of this global crisis. Hence, the main aim of this study is to prioritize and analyze the role of certain environmental parameters. For this purpose, four cities in Italy were selected as a case study and some notable climate parameters-such as daily average temperature, relative humidity, wind speed-and an urban parameter, population density, were considered as input data set, with confirmed cases of COVID-19 being the output dataset. In this paper, two artificial intelligence techniques, including an artificial neural network (ANN) based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and differential evolution (DE) algorithm, were used for prioritizing climate and urban parameters. The analysis is based on the feature selection process and then the obtained results from the proposed models compared to select the best one. Finally, the difference in cost function was about 0.0001 between the performances of the two models, hence, the two methods were not different in cost function, however, ANN-PSO was found to be better, because it reached to the desired precision level in lesser iterations than ANN-DE. In addition, the priority of two variables, urban parameter, and relative humidity, were the highest to predict the confirmed cases of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32470875, "pmcid": "PMC7236735", "title": "The role of mental health services during the COVID-19 outbreak in China.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Kang, Chuanyuan", "Tong, Jun", "Meng, Fu", "Feng, Qiang", "Ma, Hong", "Shi, Chuan", "Yuan, Jing", "Yang, Shuran", "Liu, Liang", "Xu, Li", "Xi, YingJun", "Li, Wentian", "Zhao, Xudong", "Yang, Jianzhong"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470875", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416412, "pmcid": "PMC7199685", "title": "Free DNA, a reason for severe COVID-19 infection?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Liu, Bin"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416412", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The fast-growing outbreak of 2019 novel coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2) reached all continents except the Antarctica in merely three months. Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) has a bad clinical outcome, and some reports emphasized the role of cytokine storm and dysfunctions of multiple organs. However, the etiology of severe COVID-19 has been largely unknown. Similar as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 is also thought derived from bat coronaviruses. However, it is not pathogenic for bat at all, because free DNA in cytoplasm or blood cannot bring up violent immune response in bat; but it can produce severe inflammations in human. I hypothesized that the damage induced by free DNA is a reason for severe COVID-19, which can explain many symptoms of this disease, such as cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and muscus plug, acute injuries of heart, liver and kidney, and some special symptoms of COVID-19. My hypothesis will be helpful for better understand the etiology of severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32392620, "title": "Risk of Increased Physical Inactivity During COVID-19 Outbreak in Older People: A Call for Actions.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Roschel, Hamilton", "Artioli, Guilherme G", "Gualano, Bruno"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392620", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32245395, "pmcid": "PMC7125053", "title": "Primary stratification and identification of suspected Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from clinical perspective by a simple scoring proposal.", "journal": "Mil Med Res", "authors": ["Zhou, Ting-Ting", "Wei, Feng-Xian"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245395", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this Commentary, we would like to comment on the article titled \"A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)\" as a featured article in Military Medical Research. In the guideline, except for \"confirmed cases\", \"suspected cases\", \"close contact\" and \"suspicious exposure\" were defined by clinical perspective based on epidemiological risk, clinical symptoms and auxiliary examination. Combined with our experience, we introduced a simple scoring proposal additionally based on not only CT imaging as strongly recommended by the guideline but also blood routine test, especially for primary screening of such patients in the out-patient department."}, {"pmid": 32209811, "pmcid": "PMC7172573", "title": "Angiotensin II for the Treatment of COVID-19-Related Vasodilatory Shock.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Chow, Jonathan H", "Mazzeffi, Michael A", "McCurdy, Michael T"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209811", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355658, "pmcid": "PMC7191263", "title": "Safety Guidelines for Sterility of Face Shields During COVID 19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Khan, Mubarak M", "Parab, Sapna R"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355658", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Face shields are personal protective equipment devices that are to be used by many health care workers during COVID 19 pandemic for protection of the facial area and associated mucous membranes (eyes, nose, mouth) from droplet spread of infection. Face shields are generally not used alone, but in conjunction with other protective equipment like cap, mask, goggle, and are therefore classified as adjunctive personal protective equipment. In the wake of scarcity of face shields during the COVID 19 Pandemic, consideration of innovating newer methods of manufacturing must be considered to overcome the present day scarcity without jeopardising the safety of front line Heath care workers. All initial fast innovations comes with advantages and disadvantages, hence we thought of putting down simple guidelines for new emerged face shield use."}, {"pmid": 32430086, "pmcid": "PMC7251284", "title": "Psychological impact of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak in health workers in China.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Sun, Dandan", "Yang, Dongliang", "Li, Yafen", "Zhou, Jie", "Wang, Wenqing", "Wang, Quanliang", "Lin, Nan", "Cao, Ailin", "Wang, Haichen", "Zhang, Qingyun"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430086", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first case of 2019-nCoV pneumonia infection occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, South China Seafood Market in December 2019. As a group with a high probability of infection, health workers are faced with a certain degree of psychological challenges in the process of facing the epidemic. This study attempts to evaluate the impact of 2019-nCoV outbreak on the psychological state of Chinese health workers and to explore the influencing factors. During the period from 31 January 2020 to 4 February 2020, the 'Questionnaire Star' electronic questionnaire system was used to collect data. The 2019-nCoV impact questionnaire and The Impact of Event Scale (IES) were used to check the psychological status of health workers in China. A total of 442 valid data were collected in this study. Seventy-four (16.7%) male and 368 (83.3%) female individuals participated in this study. The average score of high arousal dimension was 5.15 (s.d. = 4.71), and the median score was 4.0 (IQR 2.0, 7.0). The average score of IES was 15.26 (s.d. = 11.23), and the median score was 13.5 (IQR 7.0, 21.0). Multiple regression analysis showed that there were critical statistical differences in high arousal scores among different gender groups (male 3.0 vs. female 5.0, P = 0.075). Whether being quarantined had significant statistical differences of IES scores (being quarantined 16.0 vs. not being quarantined 13.0, P = 0.021). The overall impact of the 2019-nCoV outbreak on health workers is at a mild level. Chinese health workers have good psychological coping ability in the face of public health emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32443899, "title": "Early Predictors of Clinical Deterioration in a Cohort of 239 Patients Hospitalized for Covid-19 Infection in Lombardy, Italy.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Cecconi, Maurizio", "Piovani, Daniele", "Brunetta, Enrico", "Aghemo, Alessio", "Greco, Massimiliano", "Ciccarelli, Michele", "Angelini, Claudio", "Voza, Antonio", "Omodei, Paolo", "Vespa, Edoardo", "Pugliese, Nicola", "Parigi, Tommaso Lorenzo", "Folci, Marco", "Danese, Silvio", "Bonovas, Stefanos"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443899", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We described features of hospitalized Covid-19 patients and identified predictors of clinical deterioration. We included patients consecutively admitted at Humanitas Research Hospital (Rozzano, Milan, Italy); retrospectively extracted demographic; clinical; laboratory and imaging findings at admission; used survival methods to identify factors associated with clinical deterioration (defined as intensive care unit (ICU) transfer or death), and developed a prognostic index. Overall; we analyzed 239 patients (29.3% females) with a mean age of 63.9 (standard deviation [SD]; 14.0) years. Clinical deterioration occurred in 70 patients (29.3%), including 41 (17.2%) ICU transfers and 36 (15.1%) deaths. The most common symptoms and signs at admission were cough (77.8%) and elevated respiratory rate (34.1%), while 66.5% of patients had at least one coexisting medical condition. Imaging frequently revealed ground-glass opacity (68.9%) and consolidation (23.8%). Age; increased respiratory rate; abnormal blood gas parameters and imaging findings; coexisting coronary heart disease; leukocytosis; lymphocytopenia; and several laboratory parameters (elevated procalcitonin; interleukin-6; serum ferritin; C-reactive protein; aspartate aminotransferase; lactate dehydrogenase; creatinine; fibrinogen; troponin-I; and D-dimer) were significant predictors of clinical deterioration. We suggested a prognostic index to assist risk-stratification (C-statistic; 0.845; 95% CI; 0.802\u20120.887). These results could aid early identification and management of patients at risk, who should therefore receive additional monitoring and aggressive supportive care."}, {"pmid": 32414780, "pmcid": "PMC7239331", "title": "Inferring change points in the spread of COVID-19 reveals the effectiveness of interventions.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Dehning, Jonas", "Zierenberg, Johannes", "Spitzner, F Paul", "Wibral, Michael", "Neto, Joao Pinheiro", "Wilczek, Michael", "Priesemann, Viola"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414780", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As COVID-19 is rapidly spreading across the globe, short-term modeling forecasts provide time-critical information for decisions on containment and mitigation strategies. A major challenge for short-term forecasts is the assessment of key epidemiological parameters and how they change when first interventions show an effect. By combining an established epidemiological model with Bayesian inference, we analyze the time dependence of the effective growth rate of new infections. Focusing on COVID-19 spread in Germany, we detect change points in the effective growth rate that correlate well with the times of publicly announced interventions. Thereby, we can quantify the effect of interventions, and we can incorporate the corresponding change points into forecasts of future scenarios and case numbers. Our code is freely available and can be readily adapted to any country or region."}, {"pmid": 32490756, "title": "Coronavirus Act 2020: An overview by a lawyer interested in medico-legal matters.", "journal": "Med Leg J", "authors": ["Samuels, Alec"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490756", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Act and the regulations. How long they might last. The suspension of the renewals. Enforcement and the role of the police. Protection of whistleblowers. The trial scene. The ultimate impact."}, {"pmid": 32361072, "pmcid": "PMC7190553", "title": "Emerging practice patterns in vascular surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Hemingway, Jake F", "Singh, Niten", "Starnes, Benjamin W"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361072", "countries": ["United States", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Ever since the first positive test was identified on January 21, 2020, Washington State has been on the frontlines of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Using information obtained from Italian surgeons in Milan and given the concerns regarding the increasing case numbers in Washington State, we implemented new vascular surgery guidelines, which canceled all nonemergent surgical procedures and involved significant changes to our inpatient and outpatient workflow. The consequences of these decisions are not yet understood. The vascular surgery division at Harborview Medical Center immediately instituted new vascular surgery COVID-19 practice guidelines on March 17, 2020. Subsequent clinic, operative, and consultation volume data were collected for the next 4\u00a0weeks and compared with the historical averages. The Washington State case and death numbers and University of Washington Medical Center (UW Medicine) hospital case volumes were collected from publicly available sources. Since March 10, 2020, the number of confirmed positive COVID-19 cases within the UW Medicine system has increased 1867%, with floor and intensive care unit bed usage increasing by 120% and 215%, respectively. After instituting our new COVID-19 guidelines, our average weekly clinical volume decreased by 96.5% (from 43.1 patients to 1.5 patients per week), our average weekly surgical volume decreased by 71.7% (from 15 cases to 4.25 cases per week), and our inpatient consultation volume decreased to 1.81 consultations daily; 60% of the consultations were completed as telemedicine \"e-consults\" in which the patient was never evaluated in-person. The trainee surgical volume has also decreased by 86.4% for the vascular surgery fellow and 84.8% for the integrated resident. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed every aspect of \"normal\" vascular surgical practice in a large academic institution. New practice guidelines effectively reduced operating room usage and decreased staff and trainee exposure to potential infection, with the changes to clinic volume not resulting in an immediate increase in emergency department or inpatient consultations or acute surgical emergencies. These changes, although preserving resources, have also reduced trainee exposure and operative volume significantly, which requires new modes of education delivery. The lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic, if analyzed, will help us prepare for the next crisis."}, {"pmid": 32362506, "pmcid": "PMC7184011", "title": "Never Give Up: Lesson learned from a severe COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "Pulmonology", "authors": ["Tonelli, R", "Iattoni, A", "Girardis, M", "De Pietri, L", "Clini, E", "Mussini, C"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362506", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32244166, "pmcid": "PMC7156163", "title": "Why are pregnant women susceptible to COVID-19? An immunological viewpoint.", "journal": "J Reprod Immunol", "authors": ["Liu, Hong", "Wang, Li-Ling", "Zhao, Si-Jia", "Kwak-Kim, Joanne", "Mor, Gil", "Liao, Ai-Hua"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32244166", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first detected in December 2019 and became epidemic in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. COVID-19 has been rapidly spreading out in China and all over the world. The virus causing COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 has been known to be genetically similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) but distinct from it. Clinical manifestation of COVID-19 can be characterized by mild upper respiratory tract infection, lower respiratory tract infection involving non-life threatening pneumonia, and life-threatening pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome. It affects all age groups, including newborns, to the elders. Particularly, pregnant women may be more susceptible to COVID-19 since pregnant women, in general, are vulnerable to respiratory infection. In pregnant women with COVID-19, there is no evidence for vertical transmission of the virus, but an increased prevalence of preterm deliveries has been noticed. The COVID-19 may alter immune responses at the maternal-fetal interface, and affect the well-being of mothers and infants. In this review, we focused on the reason why pregnant women are more susceptible to COVID-19 and the potential maternal and fetal complications from an immunological viewpoint."}, {"pmid": 32292627, "pmcid": "PMC7102606", "title": "Clinical study of mesenchymal stem cell treating acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by epidemic Influenza A (H7N9) infection, a hint for COVID-19 treatment.", "journal": "Engineering (Beijing)", "authors": ["Chen, Jiajia", "Hu, Chenxia", "Chen, Lijun", "Tang, Lingling", "Zhu, Yixin", "Xu, Xiaowei", "Chen, Lu", "Gao, Hainv", "Lu, Xiaoqing", "Yu, Liang", "Dai, Xiahong", "Xiang, Charlie", "Li, Lanjuan"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292627", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "H7N9 viruses quickly spread between mammalian hosts, and it carried out the risk of human-to-human transmission after outbreak in 2013. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), lung failure, and fulminant pneumonia are major lung diseases in H7N9 patients. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a promising choice for treating virus-induced pneumonia, and was needed to treat H7N9 induced ARDS at the time. MSCs transplant into patients with H7N9 induced ARDS were conducted in a single center and open-label clinical trial. Based on the principle of voluntariness and informed consent, 44 patients with H7N9 induced ARDS were included as a control group while 17 patients with H7N9 induced ARDS were served as an experimental group with allogeneic menstrual blood-derived MSC. Notably, MSC transplantation significantly lower the mortality compared with in control group (17.6% died in MSC group vs 54.5% died in control group). Furthermore, MSC transplantation did not result in harmful effects in human body within the 5 year follow up period with 4 patients. Collectively, these results suggest that MSCs significantly improve survival rate of H7N9 induced ARDS and provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of H7N9 induced ARDS in both preclinical research and clinical studies. Because H7N9 and the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) share similar complications (such as ARDS and lung failure) and corresponding multi-organ dysfunction, MSC-based therapy could be a possible alternative for treating COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32283238, "pmcid": "PMC7146655", "title": "Optimizing teledermatology visits for dermatology resident education during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Oldenburg, Reid", "Marsch, Amanda"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283238", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356580, "pmcid": "PMC7235515", "title": "QTc evaluation in COVID-19 patients treated with chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Monzani, Alice", "Genoni, Giulia", "Scopinaro, Alice", "Pistis, Gianfranco", "Kozel, Daniela", "Secco, Gioel Gabrio"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356580", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356625, "pmcid": "PMC7224604", "title": "Inhibitors of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Jarcho, John A", "Ingelfinger, Julie R", "Hamel, Mary Beth", "D'Agostino, Ralph B Sr", "Harrington, David P"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356625", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474090, "pmcid": "PMC7255986", "title": "Challenges to Neurosurgical Residency Training during COVID-19 Pandemic: An Indian Perspective.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Ruparelia, Jigish", "Gosal, Jaskaran Singh", "Garg, Mayank", "Bhaskar, Suryanarayanan", "Jha, Deepak Kumar"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474090", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32411619, "pmcid": "PMC7202255", "title": "Current and Future Point-of-Care Tests for Emerging and New Respiratory Viruses and Future Perspectives.", "journal": "Front Cell Infect Microbiol", "authors": ["Nelson, Philipp P", "Rath, Barbara A", "Fragkou, Paraskevi C", "Antalis, Emmanouil", "Tsiodras, Sotirios", "Skevaki, Chrysanthi"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411619", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The availability of pathogen-specific treatment options for respiratory tract infections (RTIs) increased the need for rapid diagnostic tests. Besides, retrospective studies, improved lab-based detection methods and the intensified search for new viruses since the beginning of the twenty-first century led to the discovery of several novel respiratory viruses. Among them are human bocavirus (HBoV), human coronaviruses (HCoV-HKU1, -NL63), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), rhinovirus type C (RV-C), and human polyomaviruses (KIPyV, WUPyV). Additionally, new viruses like SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV), MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV), novel strains of influenza virus A and B, and (most recently) SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have emerged. Although clinical presentation may be similar among different viruses, associated symptoms may range from a mild cold to a severe respiratory illness, and thus require a fast and reliable diagnosis. The increasing number of commercially available rapid point-of-care tests (POCTs) for respiratory viruses illustrates both the need for this kind of tests but also the problem, i.e., that the majority of such assays has significant limitations. In this review, we summarize recently published characteristics of POCTs and discuss their implications for the treatment of RTIs. The second key aspect of this work is a description of new and innovative diagnostic techniques, ranging from biosensors to novel portable and current lab-based nucleic acid amplification methods with the potential future use in point-of-care settings. While prototypes for some methods already exist, other ideas are still experimental, but all of them give an outlook of what can be expected as the next generation of POCTs."}, {"pmid": 32524604, "title": "Hospital in the home: needed now more than ever: Changes in models of care elicited by COVID-19 may improve the quality of at-home care for patients.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Dickson, Hugh G"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524604", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427689, "title": "Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Pediatric Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019-Related Illness.", "journal": "Pediatr Crit Care Med", "authors": ["MacGregor, Robert M", "Antiel, Ryan M", "Najaf, Tasnim", "Said, Ahmed S", "Warner, Brad W", "Raval, Mehul V", "Shakhsheer, Baddr"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427689", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe current hospital guidelines and the opinions of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation leaders at U.S. children's hospitals concerning the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for coronavirus disease 2019-positive pediatric patients. Confidential, self-administered questionnaire. One hundred twenty-seven U.S. pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation centers. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation center program directors and coordinators. None. In March 2020, a survey was sent to 127 pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation centers asking them to report their current hospital extracorporeal membrane oxygenation guidelines for coronavirus disease 2019-positive patients. Respondents were also asked their opinion on three ethical dilemmas including: prioritization of children over adults for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use, institution of do-not-resuscitate orders, and the use of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for coronavirus disease 2019-positive patients. Forty-seven extracorporeal membrane oxygenation centers had enacted guidelines including 46 (100%) that offer venovenous-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and 42 (89%) that offer venoarterial-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for coronavirus disease 2019-positive pediatric patients. Forty-four centers (94%) stated that the indications for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation candidacy in coronavirus disease 2019 disease were similar to those used in other viral illnesses, such as respiratory syncytial virus or influenza. Most program directors (98%) did not endorse that children hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 should be made do-not-resuscitate and had variable opinions on whether children should be given higher priority over adults when rationing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Over half of program directors (60%) did not support the use of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for coronavirus disease 2019. The majority of pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation centers have proactively established guidelines for the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for coronavirus disease 2019-related illnesses. Further work is needed to help guide the fair allocation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation resources and to determine the appropriateness of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation."}, {"pmid": 32165562, "title": "Genome analyses help track coronavirus' moves.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Kupferschmidt, Kai"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32165562", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453686, "title": "Secondary Transmission of Coronavirus Disease from Presymptomatic Persons, China.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhang, Weiwei", "Cheng, Weibin", "Luo, Lei", "Ma, Yu", "Xu, Conghui", "Qin, Pengzhe", "Zhang, Zhoubin"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453686", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We explored the secondary attack rate in different types of contact with persons presymptomatic for coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Close contacts who lived with or had frequent contact with an index case-patient had a higher risk for COVID-19. Our findings provide population-based evidence for transmission from persons with presymptomatic COVID-19 infections."}, {"pmid": 32478554, "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic and Thailand: A psychologist's viewpoint.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Srichannil, Chomphunut"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478554", "countries": ["Thailand"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This commentary describes the current situation of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand and the effects of the pandemic on mental health of Thais as well as potential strategies for dealing with the spread of COVID-19 in Thailand. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32474608, "title": "Decreased B cells on admission was associated with prolonged viral RNA shedding from respiratory tract in Coronavirus Disease 2019: a case control study.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hao, Shaorui", "Lian, Jiangshan", "Lu, Yingfeng", "Jia, Hongyu", "Hu, Jianhua", "Yu, Guodong", "Wang, Xiaoyan", "Xu, Kaijin", "Ni, Qin", "Li, Yongtao", "Liu, Jun", "Zhao, Hong", "Zhang, Xuan", "Yu, Liang", "Yu, Xiaopeng", "Xiang, Dairong", "Chen, Yu", "Zheng, Shufa", "Qiu, Yunqing", "Li, Lanjuan", "Liang, Tingbo", "Yang, Yida", "Sheng, Jifang"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474608", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The viral RNA shedding time of SARS-CoV-2 has not been well characterized. Clinical data were collected and compared between patients with short and long viral RNA shedding (in the first and last quarter). The probability of recurrent positive RT-PCR results decreased sharply to 4.8% after three consecutive negatives. At least three consecutive negatives were suitable for the criteria of end of viral RNA shedding. The viral RNA shedding from respiratory tract in patients with normal B cell count was significantly shorter than patients with decreased B cell on admission (median [IQR], 11[9-13] vs 16[12-20] days, P=0.001)."}, {"pmid": 32391393, "pmcid": "PMC7199282", "title": "Digesting the crisis: autophagy and coronaviruses.", "journal": "Microb Cell", "authors": ["Carmona-Gutierrez, Didac", "Bauer, Maria A", "Zimmermann, Andreas", "Kainz, Katharina", "Hofer, Sebastian J", "Kroemer, Guido", "Madeo, Frank"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391393", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Autophagy is a catabolic pathway with multifaceted roles in cellular homeostasis. This process is also involved in the antiviral response at multiple levels, including the direct elimination of intruding viruses (virophagy), the presentation of viral antigens, the fitness of immune cells, and the inhibition of excessive inflammatory reactions. In line with its central role in immunity, viruses have evolved mechanisms to interfere with or to evade the autophagic process, and in some cases, even to harness autophagy or constituents of the autophagic machinery for their replication. Given the devastating consequences of the current COVID-19 pandemic, the question arises whether manipulating autophagy might be an expedient approach to fight the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. In this piece, we provide a short overview of the evidence linking autophagy to coronaviruses and discuss whether such links may provide actionable targets for therapeutic interventions."}, {"pmid": 32307691, "title": "Coronavirus - preventing an occupational hazard among doctors.", "journal": "Adv Respir Med", "authors": ["Malhotra, Nipun", "Gupta, Nitesh", "Ish, Pranav"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307691", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325222, "pmcid": "PMC7194816", "title": "Reply to letter to the editor \"Lessons from COVID-19 to future evidence synthesis efforts: first living search strategy and out of date scientific publishing and indexing industry\".", "journal": "J Clin Epidemiol", "authors": ["Nussbaumer-Streit, Barbara", "Klerings, Irma", "Gartlehner, Gerald"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325222", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32494566, "pmcid": "PMC7258883", "title": "The Impact of Social Distancing on the Transmission of Influenza Virus, South Korea, 2020.", "journal": "Osong Public Health Res Perspect", "authors": ["Choe, Young June", "Lee, Jong-Koo"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494566", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427636, "title": "ACE Inhibitors and ARBs in Patients with COVID-19: Friend or Foe?", "journal": "Cardiol Rev", "authors": ["Shyh, Grace I", "Nawarskas, James J", "Cheng-Lai, Angela"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427636", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502327, "title": "Estimated Inactivation of Coronaviruses by Solar Radiation With Special Reference to COVID-19.", "journal": "Photochem Photobiol", "authors": ["Sagripanti, Jose-Luis", "Lytle, C David"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502327", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Using a model developed for estimating solar inactivation of viruses of biodefense concerns, we calculated the expected inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 virus, cause of COVID-19 pandemic, by artificial UVC and by solar ultraviolet radiation in several cities of the world during different times of the year. The UV sensitivity estimated here for SARS-CoV-2 is compared with those reported for other ssRNA viruses, including influenza A virus. The results indicate that SARS-CoV-2 aerosolized from infected patients and deposited on surfaces could remain infectious outdoors for considerable time during the winter in many temperate-zone cities, with continued risk for re-aerosolization and human infection. Conversely, the presented data indicate that SARS-CoV-2 should be inactivated relatively fast (faster than influenza A) during summer in many populous cities of the world, indicating that sunlight should have a role in the occurrence, spread rate, and duration of coronavirus pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32495445, "title": "Pression-induced facial ulcers by prone position for COVID-19 mechanical ventilation.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Ramondetta, Alice", "Ribero, Simone", "Costi, Sonia", "Dapavo, Paolo"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495445", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532959, "title": "The role of furin cleavage site in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-mediated membrane fusion in the presence or absence of trypsin.", "journal": "Signal Transduct Target Ther", "authors": ["Xia, Shuai", "Lan, Qiaoshuai", "Su, Shan", "Wang, Xinling", "Xu, Wei", "Liu, Zezhong", "Zhu, Yun", "Wang, Qian", "Lu, Lu", "Jiang, Shibo"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532959", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32370843, "pmcid": "PMC7165282", "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic and Mayo Clinic Proceedings.", "journal": "Mayo Clin Proc", "authors": ["Nath, Karl A"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370843", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401942, "pmcid": "PMC7213779", "title": "How psychosocial and economic impacts of COVID-19 pandemic can interfere on bruxism and temporomandibular disorders?", "journal": "J Appl Oral Sci", "authors": ["Almeida-Leite, Camila Megale", "Stuginski-Barbosa, Juliana", "Conti, Paulo Cesar Rodrigues"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401942", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361216, "pmcid": "PMC7172848", "title": "Sleep problems and medical isolation during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.", "journal": "Sleep Med", "authors": ["Xue, Zhenpeng", "Lin, Ling", "Zhang, Simei", "Gong, Jingbo", "Liu, Jianbo", "Lu, Jianping"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361216", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433343, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Management of End-Stage Renal Disease Patients.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Li, Szu-Yuan", "Tang, Yu-Shuo", "Chan, Yu-Jiun", "Tarng, Der-Cherng"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433343", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel infectious disease, Coronavirus disease -2019 (COVID-19), spread globally since Dec. 2019. Without effective treatment and vaccination, the strategies to restrain this disease is only keeping social distance, maintaining personal hygiene, quarantine and isolation. However, thrice-a-week treatment is inevitable for all hemodialysis patients. In addition to the high risk of cluster infection and compromised immunity in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), an atypical disease presentation could also make the medial system neglect these patients during CVOID-19 pandemic. To avoid COVID-19 transmission among dialysis patients, the major societies of nephrology around the world have provided their guidelines of screening, dialysis facilities adjustment, and health education, respectively. In this review, we summarized the main contents and difference of these guidelines and addressed the prompt management for ESRD patients to reduce the risk of infection during COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32031590, "pmcid": "PMC7108485", "title": "Racing Towards the Development of Diagnostics for a Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV).", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Lo, Y M Dennis", "Chiu, Rossa W K"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32031590", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505911, "title": "Antibiotic consumption may be linked to exaggeration of COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Asaduzzaman, Muhammad", "Zaman, Farzana", "Rousham, Emily"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505911", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330299, "pmcid": "PMC7264584", "title": "Estimating the effects of asymptomatic and imported patients on COVID-19 epidemic using mathematical modeling.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Sun, Tingzhe", "Weng, Dan"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330299", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 has been a serious threat to public health worldwide. Data from 23 January to 31 March at Jiangsu and Anhui provinces in China were collected. We developed an adjusted model with two novel features: the asymptomatic population and threshold behavior in recovery. Unbiased parameter estimation identified faithful model fitting. Our model predicted that the epidemic for asymptomatic patients (ASP) was similar in both provinces. The latent periods and outbreak sizes are extremely sensitive to strongly controlled interventions such as isolation and quarantine for both asymptomatic and imported cases. We predicted that ASP serve as a more severe factor with faster outbreaks and larger outbreak sizes compared with imported patients. Therefore, we argued that the currently strict interventions should be continuously implemented, and unraveling the asymptomatic pool is critically important before preventive strategy such as vaccines."}, {"pmid": 32216719, "pmcid": "PMC7233407", "title": "The Impact of COVID-19 on Radiology Trainees.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Alvin, Matthew D", "George, Elizabeth", "Deng, Francis", "Warhadpande, Shantanu", "Lee, Susanna I"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216719", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32098875, "title": "Covid-19: surge in cases in Italy and South Korea makes pandemic look more likely.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Day, Michael"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32098875", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of", "Italy"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348052, "title": "[Drugs that aggravate the course of COVID-19 : really ?]", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Rothuizen, Laura E", "Livio, Francoise", "Buclin, Thierry"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348052", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The safety of NSAIDs, corticosteroids and renin-angiotensin inhibitors in COVID-19 is challenged. NSAIDs may interfere with the defense process against viral infection and are best avoided. Systemic corticosteroids have not shown benefit in viral infection, including other coronavirus; thus they should be avoided, unless prescribed for another indication. The benefit-risk ratio is however clearly in favor of continuing inhaled corticosteroids in patients with asthma or COPD. ACE inhibitors and sartans upregulate the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the pulmonary receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Any possible clinical impact of these treatments on COVID-19 infection remains to be clarified; in the meantime, they should be continued."}, {"pmid": 32293639, "title": "COVID-19 and African Americans.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Yancy, Clyde W"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293639", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522783, "title": "Severe Coronavirus Bronchiolitis in the Pre-COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Mansbach, Jonathan M", "Hasegawa, Kohei", "Piedra, Pedro A", "Sullivan, Ashley F", "Camargo, Carlos A Jr"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522783", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425209, "pmcid": "PMC7231729", "title": "COVID-19 and cardiopulmonary resuscitation: the recommended N95 mask may not be adequate.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Wong, Patrick", "Kim Ong, Sharon Gek", "Lim, Wan Yen"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425209", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376402, "pmcid": "PMC7252184", "title": "Transcriptional landscape of SARS-CoV-2 infection dismantles pathogenic pathways activated by the virus, proposes unique sex-specific differences and predicts tailored therapeutic strategies.", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Fagone, Paolo", "Ciurleo, Rosella", "Lombardo, Salvo Danilo", "Iacobello, Carmelo", "Palermo, Concetta Ilenia", "Shoenfeld, Yehuda", "Bendtzen, Klaus", "Bramanti, Placido", "Nicoletti, Ferdinando"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376402", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) has posed a serious threat to global health. As no specific therapeutics are yet available to control disease evolution, more in-depth understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms induced by SARS-CoV-2 will help to characterize new targets for the management of COVID-19. The present study identified a specific set of biological pathways altered in primary human lung epithelium upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, and a comparison with SARS-CoV from the 2003 pandemic was studied. The transcriptomic profiles were also exploited as possible novel therapeutic targets, and anti-signature perturbation analysis predicted potential drugs to control disease progression. Among them, Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), serine-threonine kinase (AKT), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and I kappa B Kinase (IKK) inhibitors emerged as candidate drugs. Finally, sex-specific differences that may underlie the higher COVID-19 mortality in men are proposed."}, {"pmid": 32373992, "title": "MSCs transplantation may be a potential therapeutic strategy for COVID-19 treatment.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Wang, X-Y"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373992", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At present, SARS-Cov-2 is spread all over the world, becoming a serious threat to people's health. SARS-Cov-2 has a strong infection, and the mortality rate of severe patients after infection is high, but there is no effective treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions, which can reduce the occurrence of cytokine storm syndrome and acute respiratory distress syndrome. At the same time, MSCs can reduce the level of pulmonary fibrosis and enhance tissue injury repair. In this short report, combined with the progress of preclinical and clinical research, we comment the efficacy of MSCs in the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32500416, "pmcid": "PMC7272107", "title": "Responsible Return to Essential and Non-Essential Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Gastrointest Surg", "authors": ["Poulose, Benjamin K", "Phieffer, Laura S", "Mayerson, Joel", "Like, Daniel", "Forrest, L Arick", "Rahmanian, Armin", "Bellamy, Brooke", "Guertin, Michael", "Pawlik, Timothy M"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500416", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Non-essential surgery had largely been suspended during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Enormous amounts of resources were utilized to shift surgical practices to a \"disaster footing\" with most elective surgeons assuming new roles to offset the anticipated burden from surgical and medical personnel delivering acute care. As the number of COVID-19-infected patients began to plateau in the state of Ohio, a four-phase \"Responsible Return to Surgery\" approach was adopted in concert with the Ohio Department of Health and the Ohio Hospital Association. This approach was adopted understanding that a simple return to the status quo prior to the COVID-19 pandemic might be harmful to patients, providers, and staff. The discrete phases undertaken at our quaternary care institution for a responsible return to non-essential surgery are outlined with the goal of ensuring timely care, minimizing community transmission, and preserving personal protective equipment. Operationalizing these phases relied upon the widespread use of telehealth, systematic COVID-19 testing, and real-time monitoring of hospital and personal protective equipment resources."}, {"pmid": 32389590, "pmcid": "PMC7205667", "title": "COVID-19: Unanswered questions on immune response and pathogenesis.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Maggi, Enrico", "Canonica, Giorgio Walter", "Moretta, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389590", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 has rapidly increased in pandemic scale since it first appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. In these troubled days the scientific community is asking for rapid replies to prevent and combat the emergency. It is generally accepted that only achieving a better understanding of the interactions between the virus and the host immune response and of the pathogenesis of infection is crucial to identify valid therapeutic tools to control virus entry, replication, and spread as well as to impair its lethal effects. On the basis of recent research progress of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and the results on previous coronaviruses, in this contribution we underscore some of the main unsolved problems, mostly focusing on pathogenetic aspects and host immunity to the virus. On this basis, we also touch important aspects regarding the immune response in asymptomatic subjects, the immune evasion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in severe patients, and differences in disease severity by age and sex."}, {"pmid": 32530308, "title": "COVID-19 response measures - a Singapore Neurosurgical Academic Medical Centre experience segregated team model to maintain tertiary level neurosurgical care during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Br J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Leong, Adriel Z", "Lim, Jia Xu", "Tan, Choo Heng", "Teo, Kejia", "Nga, Vincent D W", "Lwin, Sein", "Yeo, Tseng Tsai"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530308", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Aim: This article aims to inform and share the experience of a Singaporean tertiary level neurosurgical unit in an academic medical centre during the COVID-19 outbreak. Method: This is a descriptive study of our segregation team model which is designed with the aim of optimizing manpower and ensuring the safety and welfare of the neurosurgical unit, while maintaining and prioritizing excellent patient care. Result: We describe our method of team segregation, rostering, and outline some principles that we adhere to in its design. We also summarise the restructuring of our inpatient and outpatient service, including the operating theatre and protocols for specific procedures, intensive care and general wards, as well as clinic services and multidisciplinary meetings. Conclusion: We end with a commentary on residency training and anticipated challenges. Given the likely protracted course of the pandemic, it is key to account for sustainability of such measures and the conservation of resource via the reduction of pateint volume, upkeep of staff emotional and physical health and harnessing technologies such as telemedicine."}, {"pmid": 32525979, "title": "Airborne SARS-CoV-2 is Rapidly Inactivated by Simulated Sunlight.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Schuit, Michael", "Ratnesar-Shumate, Shanna", "Yolitz, Jason", "Williams, Gregory", "Weaver, Wade", "Green, Brian", "Miller, David", "Krause, Melissa", "Beck, Katie", "Wood, Stewart", "Holland, Brian", "Bohannon, Jordan", "Freeburger, Denise", "Hooper, Idris", "Biryukov, Jennifer", "Altamura, Louis A", "Wahl, Victoria", "Hevey, Michael", "Dabisch, Paul"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525979", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Aerosols represent a potential route of transmission of COVID-19. This study examined the effect of simulated sunlight, relative humidity, and suspension matrix on the stability of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols. Both simulated sunlight and matrix significantly affected the decay rate of the virus. Relative humidity alone did not affect the decay rate; however, minor interactions between relative humidity and the other factors were observed. Decay rates in simulated saliva, under simulated sunlight levels representative of late winter/early fall and summer were 0.121\u00b10.017 min-1 (90% loss: 19 minutes) and 0.379\u00b10.072 min-1 (90% loss: 6 minutes), respectively. The mean decay rate without simulated sunlight across all relative humidity levels was 0.008\u00b10.011 min-1 (90% loss: 125 minutes). These results suggest that the potential for aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 may be dependent on environmental conditions, particularly sunlight. These data may be useful to inform mitigation strategies to minimize the potential for aerosol transmission."}, {"pmid": 32462719, "title": "Nutrition Therapy in Critically Ill Patients with Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr", "authors": ["Martindale, Robert", "Patel, Jayshil J", "Taylor, Beth", "Arabi, Yaseen M", "Warren, Malissa", "McClave, Stephen A"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462719", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the midst of a worldwide pandemic of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), a paucity of data precludes derivation of COVID-19-specific recommendations for nutritional therapy. Until more data are available, the focus needs to center on principles of critical care nutrition modified for the constraints of this disease process, i.e., COVID-19-relevant recommendations. Delivery of nutritional therapy must include strategies to reduce exposure and spread of the disease by providing clustered care, adequate protection of healthcare providers, and preservation of personal protective equipment. Enteral nutrition (EN) should be initiated early after admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) using a standard isosmolar polymeric formula, starting at trophic doses and advancing as tolerated while monitoring for gastrointestinal intolerance, hemodynamic instability, and metabolic derangements. Intragastric EN may be provided safely, even with use of prone positioning and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Clinicians, though, should have a lower threshold for switching to parenteral nutrition in cases of intolerance, high risk of aspiration, or escalating vasopressor support. While data extrapolated from experience in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) warrants use of fiber additives and probiotic organisms. The lack of demonstrated benefit precludes a recommendation for micronutrient supplementation. Practices which increase exposure or contamination of equipment, such as use of gastric residual volumes as a monitor, indirect calorimetry to calculate requirements, endoscopy or fluoroscopy to achieve enteral access, or transport out of the ICU for additional imaging should be avoided. At all times, strategies for nutritional therapy need to be assessed on a risk/benefit basis, paying attention to risk for both the patient and the healthcare provider. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32470568, "pmcid": "PMC7250111", "title": "Clinical evidence for repurposing chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as antiviral agents: a systematic review.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Rodrigo, Chaturaka", "Fernando, Sumadhya Deepika", "Rajapakse, Senaka"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470568", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Repurposing hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) as antiviral agents is a re-emerging topic with new viral epidemics. To summarize evidence from human clinical studies for using HCQ or CQ as antiviral agents for any viral infection. PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science for published studies without time or language restrictions. Cochrane Clinical Trial Registry and Chinese Clinical Trials Registry for trials registered after 2015. MedRxiv for pre-prints within the last 12\u00a0months. Interventional and prospective observational studies (with or without a control group) PARTICIPANTS: Adults and children with a confirmed viral infection. Use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine as antiviral agents in one or more groups of the study. Two authors independently screened abstracts and all authors agreed on eligible studies. A meta-analysis was planned if similar studies were available in terms of participants, intervention, comparator and outcomes. Nineteen studies were eligible (HIV: 8, HCV: 2, Dengue: 2, Chikungunya: 1, COVID-19: 6) including two pre-prints. Nine and ten studies assessed CQ and HCQ respectively. Benefits of either drug for viral load suppression in HIV is inconsistent. CQ is ineffective in curing dengue (high certainty evidence) and may have little or no benefit in curing chikungunya (low-certainty evidence). The evidence for COVID-19 infection is rapidly evolving but at this stage we are unsure if CQ or HCQ has any benefit in clearing viraemia (very low certainty evidence). Using HCQ or CQ for HIV/HCV infections is clinically irrelevant now as other effective antivirals are available for viral load suppression (HIV) and cure (HCV). There is no benefit of CQ in dengue and the same conclusion is likely for chikungunya infection. More evidence is needed to confirm if HCQ or CQ is beneficial in COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32510879, "title": "Mania Precipitated by COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Stress.", "journal": "Prim Care Companion CNS Disord", "authors": ["Uvais, N A"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510879", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489797, "pmcid": "PMC7218760", "title": "The Heart in the Time of the 'Coronavirus'.", "journal": "Glob Heart", "authors": ["Perel, Pablo", "Grobbee, Diederick E"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489797", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452644, "title": "Caution in the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection in males.", "journal": "Andrology", "authors": ["De Toni, Luca", "Garolla, Andrea", "Di Nisio, Andrea", "Rocca, Maria Santa", "Foresta, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452644", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic carries clinical, economic and social burdens that are currently being disclosed. The key steps of virus life cycle have been recently clarified, highlighting the role of host type 2 angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE2) and TMPRSS2 serine protease in virus-cell binding and entry, respectively. Importantly, major concerns derive from the androgen-dependent tissue-expression of both TMPRSS2 and ACE2, suggesting a differential clinical course of the infection between genders. In agreement with this model, available epidemiological data show that the disease in males has an higher risk to display an heavier pattern and associates with both an increased access to critical care unit and higher mortality rate. In this opinion article, available evidence linking the androgen activity with the gender differences observed in SARS-CoV-2 infection are discussed, hypothesizing possible therapeutic approaches in male based on the disruption of androgen signaling. On these bases, gender-specific recommendations for the management of male patients affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection are warmly suggested, in order to improve the clinical course of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32519618, "title": "Incidence and Immunologic Analysis of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Hemodialysis Patients:A Single-Center Experience.", "journal": "Exp Clin Transplant", "authors": ["Arslan, Hande", "Musabak, Ugur", "Ayvazoglu Soy, Ebru H", "Kurt Azap, Ozlem", "Sayin, Burak", "Akcay, Sule", "Haberal, Kemal Murat", "Akdur, Aydincan", "Yildirim, Sedat", "Haberal, Mehmet"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519618", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a great threat to the modern world and significant threat to immunocompromised patients, including patients with chronic renal failure. We evaluated COVID-19 incidence among our hemodialysis patients and investigated the most probable immune mechanisms against COVID-19. Ba\u015fkent University has 21 dialysis centers across Turkey, with 2420 patients on hemodialysis and 30 on peritoneal dialysis. Among these, we retrospectively evaluated 602 patients (257 female/345 male) with chronic renal failure receiving hemodialysis as renal replacement therapy; 7 patients (1.1%) were infected with SARS-CoV-2. We retrospectively collected patient demographic characteristics, clinical data, and immunological factors affecting the clinical course of the disease. We divided patients into groups and included 2 control groups (individuals with normal renal functions): group I included COVID-19-positive patients with normal renal function, group II included COVID-19-positive hemodialysis patients, group III included COVID-19-negative hemodialysis patients, and group IV included COVID-19-negative patients with normal renal function. Lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and typing of human leukocyte antigens were analyzed in all groups, with killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor genes analyzed only in COVID-19-positive patients and healthy controls. No deaths occurred among the 7 COVID-19-positive hemodialysis patients. Group I patients were significantly older than patients in groups II and III (P = .039, P = .030, respectively) but not significantly different from group IV (P = .060). Absolute counts of natural killer cells in healthy controls were higherthan in other groups (but not significantly). ActivatedT cells were significantly increased in both COVID-19-positive groups versus COVID-19-negative groups. Groups showed significant differences in C and DQ loci with respect to distribution of alleles in both HLA classes. Although immunocompromised patients are at greater risk for COVID-19, we found lower COVID-19 incidence in our hemodialysis patients, which should be further investigated in in vitro and molecular studies."}, {"pmid": 32433386, "title": "Firearm Industry Groups Are Using COVID-19 to Expand Gun Rights.", "journal": "J Public Health Manag Pract", "authors": ["Pomeranz, Jennifer L"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433386", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32171867, "pmcid": "PMC7102560", "title": "Clinical characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 reactivation.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Ye, Guangming", "Pan, Zhenyu", "Pan, Yunbao", "Deng, Qiaoling", "Chen, Liangjun", "Li, Jin", "Li, Yirong", "Wang, Xinghuan"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171867", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Previous studies on the pneumonia outbreak caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were based on information from the general population. However, limited data was available for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reactivation. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 reactivation. Clinical records, laboratory results, and chest CT scans were retrospectively reviewed for 55 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia (i.e., with throat swab samples that were positive for SARS-CoV-2) who were admitted to Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, from Jan. 8 to Feb. 10, 2020. All 55 patients had a history of epidemiological exposure to COVID-19, and 5 (9%) patients who discharged from hospital presented with SARS-CoV-2 reactivation. Among the 5 reactivated patients, other symptoms were also observed, including fever, cough, sore throat, and fatigue. One of the 5 patients had progressive lymphopenia (from 1.3 to 0.56\u202f\u00d7\u202f109 cells per L) and progressive neutrophilia (from 4.5 to 18.28\u202f\u00d7\u202f109 cells per L). All 5 reactivated patients presented normal aminotransferase levels. Throat swab samples from the 5 reactivated patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2, indicating all positive for the virus. Findings from this small group of cases suggested that there was currently evidence for reactivation of SARS-CoV-2 and there might be no specific clinical characteristics to distinguish them."}, {"pmid": 32232551, "pmcid": "PMC7103910", "title": "COVID-19, rheumatic diseases and immunosuppressive drugs: an appeal for medication adherence.", "journal": "Rheumatol Int", "authors": ["Venerito, Vincenzo", "Lopalco, Giuseppe", "Iannone, Florenzo"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232551", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436617, "title": "Immunosuppressive agents for dermatological indications in the ongoing COVID 19 pandemic: rationalizing use and clinical applicability.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Khurana, Ananta", "Saxena, Snigdha"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436617", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing COVID 19 epidemic has brought to the fore many concerns related to use of immunosuppressive agents (ISAs) in dermatology. While it is unclear whether the patients on ISAs for skin conditions are more prone to develop COVID 19, and what impact the ISA may have on the clinical outcome if a patient does get infected, rationalizations based on the specific immune effects of each drug, and existing literature on incidence of various infections with each, are possible. In this review, we provide the readers with practically useful insights into these aspects, related to the conventional ISAs, and briefly mention the clinical outcome data available on related scenarios from other patient groups so far. In the end, we have attempted to provide some clinically useful points regarding practical use of each dermatologically relevant conventional ISA in the current scenario. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32218546, "title": "What the cruise-ship outbreaks reveal about COVID-19.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Mallapaty, Smriti"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32218546", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340022, "title": "Aerodynamic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in two Wuhan hospitals.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Liu, Yuan", "Ning, Zhi", "Chen, Yu", "Guo, Ming", "Liu, Yingle", "Gali, Nirmal Kumar", "Sun, Li", "Duan, Yusen", "Cai, Jing", "Westerdahl, Dane", "Liu, Xinjin", "Xu, Ke", "Ho, Kin-Fai", "Kan, Haidong", "Fu, Qingyan", "Lan, Ke"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340022", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 has spread rapidly on a global scale. Although it is clear that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted through human respiratory droplets and direct contact, the potential for aerosol transmission is poorly understood1-3. Here we investigated the aerodynamic nature of SARS-CoV-2 by measuring viral RNA in aerosols in different areas of two Wuhan hospitals during the outbreak of COVID-19 in February and March 2020. The concentration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in aerosols that was detected in isolation wards and ventilated patient rooms was very low, but it was higher in the toilet areas used by the patients. Levels of airborne SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the most public areas was undetectable, except in two areas that were prone to crowding; this increase was possibly due to individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the crowd. We found that some medical staff areas initially had high concentrations of viral RNA with aerosol size distributions that showed peaks in the submicrometre and/or supermicrometre regions; however, these levels were reduced to undetectable levels after implementation of rigorous sanitization procedures. Although we have not established the infectivity of the virus detected in these hospital areas, we propose that SARS-CoV-2 may have the potential to be transmitted through aerosols. Our results indicate that room ventilation, open space, sanitization of protective apparel, and proper use and disinfection of toilet areas can effectively limit the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in aerosols. Future work should explore the infectivity of aerosolized virus."}, {"pmid": 32171754, "title": "Washing our hands of the problem.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Lynch, Chris", "Mahida, Nikunj", "Oppenheim, Beryl", "Gray, Jim"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171754", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450723, "pmcid": "PMC7251625", "title": "Perspectives From the Foot and Ankle Department at an Academic Orthopedic Hospital During the Surge Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City.", "journal": "Foot Ankle Int", "authors": ["Day, Jonathan", "MacMahon, Aoife", "Roberts, Matthew M", "Drakos, Mark C", "Johnson, Anne H", "Levine, David S", "O'Malley, Martin J", "Cody, Elizabeth A", "Behrens, Steve B", "Deland, Jonathan T", "Demetracopoulos, Constantine A", "Elliot, Andrew J", "Ellis, Scott J"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450723", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386264, "pmcid": "PMC7273052", "title": "CLUE: COVID-19 Lung Ultrasound in Emergency Department.", "journal": "Emerg Med Australas", "authors": ["Manivel, Vijay", "Lesnewski, Andrew", "Shamim, Simin", "Carbonatto, Genevieve", "Govindan, Thiru"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386264", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32161092, "pmcid": "PMC7180238", "title": "Emergence of a Novel Coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: Biology and Therapeutic Options.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Khan, Suliman", "Siddique, Rabeea", "Shereen, Muhammad Adnan", "Ali, Ashaq", "Liu, Jianbo", "Bai, Qian", "Bashir, Nadia", "Xue, Mengzhou"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32161092", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new decade of the 21st century (2020) started with the emergence of a novel coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2 that caused an epidemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. It is the third highly pathogenic and transmissible coronavirus after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged in humans. The source of origin, transmission to humans, and mechanisms associated with the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 are not yet clear, however, its resemblance to SARS-CoV and several other bat coronaviruses was recently confirmed through genome sequencing-related studies. The development of therapeutic strategies is necessary in order to prevent further epidemics and cure infections. In this review, we summarize current information about the emergence, origin, diversity, and epidemiology of three pathogenic coronaviruses with a specific focus on the current outbreak in Wuhan, China. Furthermore, we discuss the clinical features and potential therapeutic options that may be effective against SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32361388, "pmcid": "PMC7194661", "title": "A cross-sectional study on mental health among health care workers during the outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Cai, Wenpeng", "Lian, Bin", "Song, Xiangrui", "Hou, Tianya", "Deng, Guanghui", "Li, Huifen"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361388", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global major public health event, threatening people's physical and mental health and even life safety. This study is to investigate the psychological abnormality in health care workers battling the COVID-19 epidemic and to explore the associations among social support, resilience and mental health. A total of 1521 health care workers, of whom 147 had public health emergency experience while 1374 showed no experience, completed the Symptom Check-List-90 (SCL-90), Chinese version of Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC) and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). \u03c72 test, t test and multiple regression analyses were used in statistical analysis. The results showed that people without public health emergency treatment experience showed worse performance in mental health, resilience and social support, and tended to suffer from psychological abnormality on interpersonal sensitivity and photic anxiety. This finding suggested that high levels of training and professional experience, resilience and social support were necessary to health care workers who are first taking part in public health emergence."}, {"pmid": 32498087, "title": "Acute coronary syndrome in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Ashraf, Said", "Ilyas, Suleman", "Alraies, M Chadi"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498087", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32215613, "pmcid": "PMC7184340", "title": "Is There an Association Between COVID-19 Mortality and the Renin-Angiotensin System-a Call for Epidemiologic Investigations.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hanff, Thomas C", "Harhay, Michael O", "Brown, Tyler S", "Cohen, Jordana B", "Mohareb, Amir M"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215613", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension. These disorders share underlying pathophysiology related to the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) that may be clinically insightful. In particular, activity of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is dysregulated in cardiovascular disease, and this enzyme is used by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to initiate the infection. Cardiovascular disease and pharmacologic RAS inhibition both increase ACE2 levels, which may increase the virulence of SARS-CoV-2 within the lung and heart. Conversely, mechanistic evidence from related coronaviruses suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection may downregulate ACE2, leading to toxic overaccumulation of Angiotensin II that induces acute respiratory distress syndrome and fulminant myocarditis. RAS inhibition could mitigate this effect. With conflicting mechanistic evidence, we propose key clinical research priorities necessary to clarify the role of RAS inhibition in COVID-19 mortality that could be rapidly addressed by the international research community."}, {"pmid": 32433796, "title": "Robotic-assisted percutaneous coronary intervention in a COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Tabaza, Luai", "Virk, Hafeez Ul Hassan", "Janzer, Sean", "George, Jon C"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433796", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the biggest global health threat in the 21st century. We describe a case of a patient with suspected COVID-19 who needed urgent coronary artery interrogation, in which we utilized robotic assistance to minimize the risk of exposure to COVID-19 and reduced personal protective equipment needed by the procedural team."}, {"pmid": 32498744, "title": "COVID-19: Reflections.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["James, James J"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498744", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404189, "pmcid": "PMC7220618", "title": "The role of passive immunization in the age of SARS-CoV-2: an update.", "journal": "Eur J Med Res", "authors": ["Fischer, Johannes C", "Zanker, Kurt", "van Griensven, Martijn", "Schneider, Marion", "Kindgen-Milles, Detlef", "Knoefel, Wolfram Trudo", "Lichtenberg, Artur", "Tamaskovics, Balint", "Djiepmo-Njanang, Freddy Joel", "Budach, Wilfried", "Corradini, Stefanie", "Ganswindt, Ute", "Haussinger, Dieter", "Feldt, Torsten", "Schelzig, Hubert", "Bojar, Hans", "Peiper, Matthias", "Bolke, Edwin", "Haussmann, Jan", "Matuschek, Christiane"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404189", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid spread of the corona virus pandemic is an existential problem for many people in numerous countries. So far, there is no effective vaccine protection or proven therapy available against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this review, we describe the role of passive immunization in times of the corona virus. Passive immunization could be a bridging technology to improve the immune defense of critically ill patients until better approaches with effective medications are available."}, {"pmid": 32227488, "title": "Diagnosis and treatment of an acute severe pneumonia patient with COVID-19: Case report.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Deng, Zhe", "Hu, Yuxing", "Yang, Ping", "Zheng, Piao", "Peng, Wenfeng", "Ren, Biqiong", "Zeng, Xiangbo", "Tian, Xuefei"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227488", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339832, "pmcid": "PMC7179495", "title": "Inter nation social lockdown versus medical care against COVID-19, a mild environmental insight with special reference to India.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Paital, Biswaranjan", "Das, Kabita", "Parida, Sarat Kumar"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339832", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "India", "Switzerland", "Spain", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infection by coronavirus (CoV-19) has led to emergence of a pandemic called as Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) that has so far affected about 210 countries. The dynamic data indicate that the pandemic by CoV-19 so far has infected 2,403,963 individuals, and among these 624,698 have recovered while, it has been fatal for 165,229. Without much experience, currently, the medicines that are clinically being evaluated for COVID-19 include chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, tocilizumab, lopinavir, ritonavir, tocilizumab and corticosteroids. Therefore, countries such as Italy, USA, Spain and France with the most advanced health care system are partially successful to control CoV-19 infection. India being the 2nd largest populous country, where, the healthcare system is underdeveloped, major portion of population follow unhygienic lifestyle, is able to restrict the rate of both infection and death of its citizens from COVID-19. India has followed an early and a very strict social distancing by lockdown and has issued advisory to clean hands regularly by soap and/or by alcohol based sterilizers. Rolling data on the global index of the CoV infection is 13,306, and the index of some countries such as USA (66,148), Italy (175,055), Spain (210,126), France (83,363) and Switzerland (262,122) is high. The index of India has remained very low (161) so far, mainly due to early implementation of social lockdown, social distancing, and sanitizing hands. However, articles on social lockdown as a preventive measure against COVID-19 in PubMed are scanty. It has been observed that social lockdown has also drastic impacts on the environment especially on reduction of NO2 and CO2 emission. Slow infection rate under strict social distancing will offer time to researchers to come up with exact medicines/vaccines against CoV-19. Therefore, it is concluded that stringent social distancing via lockdown is highly important to control COVID-19 and also to contribute for self-regeneration of nature."}, {"pmid": 32449754, "title": "Implementation and analysis of a telephone support service during COVID-19.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Matthewson, J", "Tiplady, A", "Gerakios, F", "Foley, A", "Murphy, E"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449754", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, it has been essential for occupational health services (OHS) providers to react rapidly to increased demand and to utilize resources in novel ways. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological well-being of staff is already identified as an area of high risk; therefore, providing timely access to psychological support may be vital, although limited evidence is available on how these risks are best managed. To describe implementation and analysis of a psychology-led COVID-19 telephone support line in a National Health Service OHS. Data from calls made to the support line were collected over the first 4 weeks of service implementation. Numerical data including frequency of calls and average waiting time were first considered. A content analysis was then conducted on call notes to identify prevalence of themes. Six hundred and fifty-five calls were received, and 362 notes included sufficient information for use within the content analysis. Frequency of calls peaked within the first week followed by a reduction in the number of calls received per day over time. Most calls included discussion around clarification of guidance (68%) with a smaller subset of calls offering support around anxiety (29%). Prevalence of themes did not appear to change over time. Clear and timely information is vital to support the well-being of healthcare staff. A psychologically informed telephone support line was a good use of occupational health service resources in the interim while more tailored advice and services could be established."}, {"pmid": 32422364, "pmcid": "PMC7227539", "title": "Treatment Guidance for Patients With Lung Cancer During the Coronavirus 2019 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Dingemans, Anne-Marie C", "Soo, Ross A", "Jazieh, Abdul Rahman", "Rice, Shawn J", "Kim, Young Tae", "Teo, Lynette L S", "Warren, Graham W", "Xiao, Shu-Yuan", "Smit, Egbert F", "Aerts, Joachim G", "Yoon, Soon Ho", "Veronesi, Giulia", "De Cobelli, Francesco", "Ramalingam, Suresh S", "Garassino, Marina C", "Wynes, Murry W", "Behera, Madhusmita", "Haanen, John", "Lu, Shun", "Peters, Solange", "Ahn, Myung-Ju", "Scagliotti, Giorgio V", "Adjei, Alex A", "Belani, Chandra P"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422364", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic continues to escalate at a rapid pace inundating medical facilities and creating substantial challenges globally. The risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in patients with cancer seems to be higher, especially as they are more likely to present with an immunocompromised condition, either from cancer itself or from the treatments they receive. A major consideration in the delivery of cancer care during the pandemic is to balance the risk of patient exposure and infection with the need to provide effective cancer treatment. Many aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection currently remain poorly characterized and even less is known about the course of infection in the context of a patient with cancer. As SARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious, the risk of infection directly affects the cancer patient being treated, other cancer patients in close proximity, and health care providers. Infection at any level for patients or providers can cause considerable disruption to even the most effective treatment plans. Lung cancer patients, especially those with reduced lung function and cardiopulmonary comorbidities are more likely to have increased risk and mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 as one of its common manifestations is as an acute respiratory illness. The purpose of this manuscript is to present a practical multidisciplinary and international overview to assist in treatment for lung cancer patients during this pandemic, with the caveat that evidence is lacking in many areas. It is expected that firmer recommendations can be developed as more evidence becomes available."}, {"pmid": 32374890, "pmcid": "PMC7267265", "title": "COVID-19 convalescent plasma: phase 2.", "journal": "Transfusion", "authors": ["Knudson, C Michael", "Jackson, J Brooks"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374890", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32337324, "pmcid": "PMC7180158", "title": "The Data set for Patient Information Based Algorithm to Predict Mortality Cause by COVID-19.", "journal": "Data Brief", "authors": ["Li, Jing", "Wang, Lishi", "Guo, Sumin", "Xie, Ning", "Yao, Lan", "Cao, Yanhong", "Day, Sara W", "Howard, Scott C", "Graff, J Carolyn", "Gu, Tianshu", "Ji, Jiafu", "Gu, Weikuan", "Sun, Dianjun"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337324", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The data of COVID-19 disease in China and then in South Korea were collected daily from several different official websites. The collected data included 33 death cases in Wuhan city of Hubei province during early outbreak as well as confirmed cases and death toll in some specific regions, which were chosen as representatives from the perspective of the coronavirus outbreak in China. Data were copied and pasted onto Excel spreadsheets to perform data analysis. A new methodology, Patient Information Based Algorithm (PIBA) [1], has been adapted to process the data and used to estimate the death rate of COVID-19 in real-time. Assumption is that the number of days from inpatients to death fall into a pattern of normal distribution and the scores in normal distribution can be obtained by observing 33 death cases and analysing the data [2]. We selected 5 scores in normal distribution of these durations as lagging days, which will be used in the following estimation of death rate. We calculated each death rate on accumulative confirmed cases with each lagging day from the current data and then weighted every death rate with its corresponding possibility to obtain the total death rate on each day. While the trendline of these death rate curves meet the curve of current ratio between accumulative death cases and confirmed cases at some points in the near future, we considered that these intersections are within the range of real death rates. Six tables were presented to illustrate the PIBA method using data from China and South Korea. One figure on estimated rate of infection and patients in serious condition and retrospective estimation of initially occurring time of CORID-19 based on PIBA."}, {"pmid": 32506122, "title": "Clinical Characteristics of Hospitalized Individuals Dying with COVID-19 by Age Group in Italy.", "journal": "J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci", "authors": ["Palmieri, Luigi", "Vanacore, Nicola", "Donfrancesco, Chiara", "Lo Noce, Cinzia", "Canevelli, Marco", "Punzo, Ornella", "Raparelli, Valeria", "Pezzotti, Patrizio", "Riccardo, Flavia", "Bella, Antonio", "Fabiani, Massimo", "D'Ancona, Fortunato Paolo", "Vaianella, Luana", "Tiple, Dorina", "Colaizzo, Elisa", "Palmer, Katie", "Rezza, Giovanni", "Piccioli, Andrea", "Brusaferro, Silvio", "Onder, Graziano"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506122", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "aim of the present study is to describe characteristics of COVID-19 related deaths and to compare the clinical phenotype and course of COVID-19 related deaths occurring in adults (< 65 years) and older adults (\u2265 65 years). medical charts of 3,032 patients dying with COVID-19 in Italy (368 aged < 65 years and 2,664 aged \u2265 65 years) were revised to extract information on demographics, pre-existing comorbidities, and in-hospital complications leading to death. Older adults (\u2265 65 years) presented with a higher number of comorbidities compared to those aged < 65 years (3.3 \u00b1 1.9 vs. 2.5 \u00b1 1.8, p<0.001). Prevalence of ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, stroke, hypertension, dementia, COPD, and chronic renal failure was higher in older patients (\u2265 65 years), while obesity, chronic liver disease, and HIV infection were more common in younger adults (< 65 years); 10.9% of younger patients (< 65 years) had no comorbidities, compared to 3.2% of older patients (\u2265 65 years). The younger adults had a higher rate of non-respiratory complications than older patients including acute renal failure (30.0% vs 20.6%), acute cardiac injury (13.5% vs 10.3%) and superinfections (30.9% vs. 9.8%). individuals dying with COVID-19 present with high levels of comorbidities, irrespective of age group, but a small proportion of deaths occurs in healthy adults with no pre-existing conditions. Non-respiratory complications are common, suggesting that the treatment of respiratory conditions needs to be combined with strategies to prevent and mitigate the effects of non-respiratory complications."}, {"pmid": 32363011, "pmcid": "PMC7178815", "title": "Evaluation of a COVID-19 IgM and IgG rapid test; an efficient tool for assessment of past exposure to SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Infect Ecol Epidemiol", "authors": ["Hoffman, Tove", "Nissen, Karolina", "Krambrich, Janina", "Ronnberg, Bengt", "Akaberi, Dario", "Esmaeilzadeh, Mouna", "Salaneck, Erik", "Lindahl, Johanna", "Lundkvist, Ake"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363011", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is the most rapidly growing pandemic in modern time, and the need for serological testing is most urgent. Although the diagnostics of acute patients by RT-PCR is both efficient and specific, we are also crucially in need of serological tools for investigating antibody responses and assessing individual and potential herd immunity. We evaluated a commercially available test developed for rapid (within 15\u00a0minutes) detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM and IgG by 29 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases and 124 negative controls. The results revealed a sensitivity of 69% and 93.1% for IgM and IgG, respectively, based solely on PCR-positivity due to the absence of a serological gold standard. The assay specificities were shown to be 100% for IgM and 99.2% for IgG. This indicates that the test is suitable for assessing previous virus exposure, although negative results may be unreliable during the first weeks after infection. More detailed studies on antibody responses during and post infection are urgently needed."}, {"pmid": 32437821, "pmcid": "PMC7206436", "title": "Radiation therapy for COVID-19 pneumopathy.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Trott, Klaus Rudiger", "Zschaeck, Sebastian", "Beck, Marcus"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437821", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366521, "title": "Response to 'To consider or not antimalarials as a prophylactic intervention in the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) pandemic' by Parperis.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Spinelli, Francesca Romana", "Ceccarelli, Fulvia", "Di Franco, Manuela", "Conti, Fabrizio"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366521", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363981, "title": "Moral Distress in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Nurs Res", "authors": ["Cacchione, Pamela Z"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363981", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302706, "pmcid": "PMC7194807", "title": "Physiological and pathological regulation of ACE2, the SARS-CoV-2 receptor.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Li, Yanwei", "Zhou, Wei", "Yang, Li", "You, Ran"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302706", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is crucial for the physiology and pathology of all the organs. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) maintains the homeostasis of RAS as a negative regulator. Recently, ACE2 was identified as the receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the coronavirus that is causing the pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since SARS-CoV-2 must bind with ACE2 before entering the host cells in humans, the distribution and expression of ACE2 may be critical for the target organ of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, accumulating evidence has demonstrated the implication of ACE2 in the pathological progression in tissue injury and several chronic diseases, ACE2 may also be essential in the progression and clinical outcomes of COVID-19. Therefore, we summarized the expression and activity of ACE2 in various physiological and pathological conditions, and discussed its potential implication in the susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the progression and prognosis of COVID-19 patients in the current review."}, {"pmid": 32469297, "title": "Behavioral Health and Response for COVID-19.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Hansel, Tonya Cross", "Saltzman, Leia Y", "Bordnick, Patrick S"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469297", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Research from financial stress, disasters, pandemics and other extreme events, suggests that behavioral health will suffer, including anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Further these symptoms are likely to exacerbate alcohol or drug use, especially for those vulnerable to relapse. The nature of COVID-19 and vast reach of the virus, leave many unknows for the repercussions on behavioral health, yet existing research suggests that behavioral health concerns should take a primary role in response to the pandemic. We propose a four-step services system designed for implementation with a variety of different groups and reserves limited clinical services for the most extreme reactions. While we can expect symptoms to remit overtime, many will also have longer-term or more severe concerns. Behavioral health interventions will likely need to change overtime and different types of interventions should be considered for different target groups, such as for those that recover form COVID-19, healthcare professionals and essential personnel; and the general public either due to loss of loved ones or significant life disruption. The important thing is to have a systematic plan to support behavioral health and to engage citizens in the prevention and doing their part in recovery by staying home and protecting others."}, {"pmid": 32292517, "pmcid": "PMC7150491", "title": "CT Scans of Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia.", "journal": "Theranostics", "authors": ["Zhao, Wei", "Zhong, Zheng", "Xie, Xingzhi", "Yu, Qizhi", "Liu, Jun"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292517", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rationale: The increasing speed of confirmed 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) cases is striking in China. The purpose of this study is to summarize the outcomes of patients with novel COVID-19 pneumonia (NCP) at our institution. Methods: In this single-center study, we retrospectively included 118 cases of NCP, from January 16, 2020 to February 4, 2020. The clinical outcomes were monitored up to February 11, 2020. The outcomes of NCP patients were phase summarized at our institution. Three kinds of responses to clinical treatment were defined and evaluated: 1) good, symptoms continually improved; 2) fair, symptoms not improved or relapsed; 3) poor, symptoms aggravated. The risk factors, including basal clinical characteristics, CT imaging features, and follow-up CT changes (no change, progress, and improvement) related to poor/fair outcomes, were also investigated. Results: Six patients were improved to no-emergency type, 2 remained the same, and 2 progressed to fatal type. Besides, 13 patients progressed from the common type group to the emergency group (3 in fatal type and 10 in severe type). Forty-two (35.6%) patients were discharged with a median hospital stay of 9.5 days (range, 4.0-15.0 days). Thus, the numbers in different responses were, 73 patients in good response group (4 emergency cases, 69 no-emergency cases), 28 in fair response group (3 emergency cases, 25 no-emergency cases), and 17 in poor response group (3 emergency cases, 14 no-emergency cases). No patient has died in our hospital to date. The median duration of progress observed from CT scans was 6 days (range, 2-14 days). The progression in abnormal imaging findings indicate a poor/fair response, whereas the alleviated symptoms seen from CT suggest a good response. Conclusion: Most cases are no-emergency type and have a favorable response to clinical treatment. Follow-up CT changes during the treatment can help evaluate the treatment response of patients with NCP."}, {"pmid": 32424327, "pmcid": "PMC7232062", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) and colonization of ocular tissues and secretions: a systematic review.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Aiello, Francesco", "Gallo Afflitto, Gabriele", "Mancino, Raffaele", "Li, Ji-Peng Olivia", "Cesareo, Massimo", "Giannini, Clarissa", "Nucci, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424327", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has been described to potentially be complicated by ocular involvement. However, scant information is available regarding severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and ocular structures tropism. We conducted a systematic review of articles referenced in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Chinese Clinical Trial Register (ChiCTR) from December 20, 2019 to April 6, 2020, providing information on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in cornea, conjunctiva, lacrimal sac, and tears. We excluded ongoing clinical \u00a0studies as for unobtainable conclusive results. Of 2422 articles, 11 met the inclusion criteria for analysis and were included in the study. None of the studies were multinational. Among the 11 selected papers there were three original articles, one review, four letters, two editorials, and one correspondence letter. Globally, 252 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients were included in our review. The prevalence of ocular conjunctivitis complicating the course of COVID-19 was demonstrated to be as high as 32% in one study only. Globally, three patients had conjunctivitis with a positive tear-PCR, 8 patients had positive tear-PCR in the absence of conjunctivitis, and 14 had conjunctivitis with negative tear-PCR. The majority of the available data regarding SARS-CoV-2 colonization of ocular and periocular tissues and secretions have to be considered controversial. However, it cannot be excluded that SARS-CoV-2 could both infect the eye and the surrounding structures. SARS-CoV-2 may use ocular structure as an additional transmission route, as demonstrated by the COVID-19 patients' conjunctival secretion and tears positivity to reverse transcriptase-PCR SARS-CoV-2-RNA assay."}, {"pmid": 32478545, "title": "Inequity and the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on communities of color in the United States: The need for a trauma-informed social justice response.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Fortuna, Lisa R", "Tolou-Shams, Marina", "Robles-Ramamurthy, Barbara", "Porche, Michelle V"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478545", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has had disproportionate contagion and fatality in Black, Latino, and Native American communities and among the poor in the United States. Toxic stress resulting from racial and social inequities have been magnified during the pandemic, with implications for poor physical and mental health and socioeconomic outcomes. It is imperative that our country focus and invest in addressing health inequities and work across sectors to build self-efficacy and long-term capacity within communities and systems of care serving the most disenfranchised, now and in the aftermath of the COVID-19 epidemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32530509, "title": "Association of cardiac biomarkers and comorbidities with increased mortality, severity, and cardiac injury in COVID-19 patients: A meta-regression and Decision tree analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Toraih, Eman A", "Elshazli, Rami M", "Hussein, Mohammad H", "Elgaml, Abdelaziz", "Amin, Mohamed Nasreldien", "El-Mowafy, Mohammed", "El-Mesery, Mohamed", "Ellythy, Assem", "Duchesne, Juan", "Killackey, Mary T", "Ferdinand, Keith C", "Kandil, Emad", "Fawzy, Manal S"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530509", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has a deleterious effect on several systems, including the cardiovascular system. We aim to systematically explore the association of COVID-19 severity and mortality rate with the history of cardiovascular diseases and/or other comorbidities and cardiac injury laboratory markers. The standardized mean difference (SMD) or odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were applied to estimate pooled results from the 56 studies. The prognostic performance of cardiac markers for predicting adverse outcomes and to select the best cutoff threshold was estimated by ROC curve analysis. Decision tree analysis by combining cardiac markers with demographic and clinical features was applied to predict mortality and severity in COVID-19 patients. A meta-analysis of 17,794 patients showed patients with high cardiac troponin I (OR=5.22, 95%CI=3.73-7.31, p<0.001) and AST levels (OR=3.64, 95%CI=2.84-4.66, p<0.001) were more likely to develop adverse outcomes. High troponin I >13.75 ng/L combined with either advanced age >60 years or elevated AST level >27.72 U/L was the best model to predict poor outcomes. COVID-19 severity and mortality are complicated by myocardial injury. Assessment of cardiac injury biomarkers may improve the identification of those patients at the highest risk and potentially lead to improved therapeutic approaches. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32389413, "pmcid": "PMC7181994", "title": "[CIBERESP during the COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "Gac Sanit", "authors": ["Ruiz Cantero, Maria Teresa"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389413", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513628, "title": "Methotrexate based oral chemotherapy for advanced oral cancer during COVID-19 pandemic: Another option in the therapeutic armamentarium.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Kaul, Pallvi", "Singh, Mahendra Pal", "Pasricha, Rajesh", "Garg, Pankaj Kumar"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513628", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415579, "pmcid": "PMC7225095", "title": "COVID-19 update: Covid-19-associated coagulopathy.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Becker, Richard C"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415579", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506640, "title": "Viral Infections and Their Relationship with Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Possible Pathogenic Mechanism of Severe COVID-19 Thrombotic Complications.", "journal": "J Intern Med", "authors": ["Mendoza-Pinto, Claudia", "Escarcega, Ricardo O", "Garcia-Carrasco, Mario", "Bailey, David J O", "Galvez-Romero, Jose Luis", "Cervera, Ricard"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506640", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has different presentations and outcomes. Severe COVID-19 is commonly complicated by markedly elevated D-dimer, thrombocytopenia and coagulation abnormalities that are considered to be regulated by various pro-inflammatory cytokines and similar to pneumonia induced by other pathogens(1), and are correlated with mortality. Recently, a small case series described aPL antibodies in patients with COVID-19 (2). About 1% of APS patients develop a severe life-threatening clinical condition characterized by multiple thrombosis involving mainly small vessels, which has been described as catastrophic APS (CAPS). Patients with CAPS have in common: 1) clinical evidence of multiple organ involvement developing over a very short period of time; 2) histopathological findings of multiple small vessel occlusions, and 3) laboratory confirmation of the presence of aPL, usually in high titres."}, {"pmid": 32340864, "pmcid": "PMC7142885", "title": "COVID-19: What Should Interventional Radiologists Know and What Can They Do?", "journal": "J Vasc Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Zhu, Hai-Dong", "Zeng, Chu-Hui", "Lu, Jian", "Teng, Gao-Jun"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340864", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in late December 2019 in Wuhan, China, has been characterized as a \"pandemic\" by the World Health Organization and has resulted in 81,603 confirmed cases in China, among the 334,981 cases confirmed in 189 countries as of 09:00 am, March 24, 2020 (China central standard time). During the past 3 months, hundreds of thousands of Chinese health care workers, including interventional radiologists (IRs), have been fighting this battle against the horrifying COVID-19 disease. As IRs, what should we know and what can we do when facing this challenge? This paper shares the experience we have gone through."}, {"pmid": 32397182, "title": "Influenza Virus Like Particles (VLPs): Opportunities for H7N9 Vaccine Development.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Pushko, Peter", "Tretyakova, Irina"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397182", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the midst of the ongoing COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, influenza virus remains a major threat to public health due to its potential to cause epidemics and pandemics with significant human mortality. Cases of H7N9 human infections emerged in eastern China in 2013 and immediately raised pandemic concerns as historically, pandemics were caused by the introduction of new subtypes into immunologically na\u00efve human populations. Highly pathogenic H7N9 cases with severe disease were reported recently, indicating the continuing public health threat and the need for a prophylactic vaccine. Here we review the development of recombinant influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) as vaccines against H7N9 virus. Several approaches to vaccine development are reviewed including the expression of VLPs in mammalian, plant and insect cell expression systems. Although considerable progress has been achieved, including demonstration of safety and immunogenicity of H7N9 VLPs in the human clinical trials, the remaining challenges need to be addressed. These challenges include improvements to the manufacturing processes, as well as enhancements to immunogenicity in order to elicit protective immunity to multiple variants and subtypes of influenza virus."}, {"pmid": 32481784, "title": "COVID-19 and Intimate Partner Violence: A Call to Action.", "journal": "R I Med J (2013)", "authors": ["Zero, Odette", "Geary, Meghan"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32481784", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has escalated the risks and dangers for victims of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). This article aims to describe the current state of IPV in Rhode Island as well as best practices for IPV screening and intervention using telehealth. We highlight the particular plight of undocumented immigrant victims of IPV and how healthcare providers can be responsive to their unique vulnerabilities and needs."}, {"pmid": 32515130, "title": "Viability of SARS-CoV-2 in faecal bio-aerosols.", "journal": "Colorectal Dis", "authors": ["Patel, Jay"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515130", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "I read with interest the rapid review by Gupta and colleagues [1] concerning the incidence and timing of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive faecal samples in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The authors acknowledge insufficient evidence in support of transmission via faeco-oral route and identify the need for further research regarding the viability of SARS-CoV-2 in the context of human faeces. However, it is equally pertinent to consider the viability of the virus in faecal bio-aerosols generated by toilet plumes [2]."}, {"pmid": 32347683, "title": "Neurosurgery at the time of COVID-19: how this pandemic infectious disease is influencing neurosurgical activities and patient management.", "journal": "J Neurosurg Sci", "authors": ["Ricciardi, Luca", "Trungu, Sokol", "Scerrati, Alba", "De Bonis, Pasquale", "Miscusi, Massimo", "Raco, Antonino"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347683", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450787, "title": "Liver injury in COVID-19: The current evidence.", "journal": "United European Gastroenterol J", "authors": ["Alqahtani, Saleh A", "Schattenberg, Jorn M"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450787", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experience various degrees of liver function abnormalities. Liver injury requires extensive work-up and continuous surveillance and can be multifactorial and heterogeneous in nature. In the context of COVID-19, clinicians will have to determine whether liver injury is related to an underlying liver disease, drugs used for the treatment of COVID-19, direct effect of the virus, or a complicated disease course. Recent studies proposed several theories on potential mechanisms of liver injury in these patients. This review summarizes current evidence related to hepatobiliary complications in COVID-19, provides an overview of the available case series and critically elucidates the proposed mechanisms and provides recommendations for clinicians."}, {"pmid": 32282404, "pmcid": "PMC7217125", "title": "Incidental CT Findings Suspicious for Covid-19 Associated Pneumonia on Nuclear Medicine Exams: Recognition and Management Plan.", "journal": "Clin Nucl Med", "authors": ["Tulchinsky, Mark", "Fotos, Joseph S", "Slonimsky, Einat"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282404", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Some patients undergoing routine SPECT/CT and PET/CT examinations during the Covid-19 pandemic may incidentally reveal findings of Covid-19 associated pneumonia (C-19AP) on localizing CT. It is critical for Nuclear Medicine physicians to develop diagnostic skills for timely recognition of typical findings of C-19AP on a localizing CT. Furthermore, it is our responsibility to know the optimal practices for safely isolating and managing such patients while protecting the staff, other patients at the facility, family and/or friend accompanying the patients, and the public in general from risky exposure to Covid-19 sources. We offer several steps following an encounter suspicious of C-19AP."}, {"pmid": 32297903, "title": "Meeting the Care Needs of Older Adults Isolated at Home During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["Steinman, Michael A", "Perry, Laura", "Perissinotto, Carla M"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297903", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437033, "title": "Objective olfactory evaluation of self-reported loss of smell in a case series of 86 COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Lechien, Jerome R", "Cabaraux, Pierre", "Chiesa-Estomba, Carlos M", "Khalife, Mohamad", "Hans, Stephane", "Calvo-Henriquez, Christian", "Martiny, Delphine", "Journe, Fabrice", "Sowerby, Leigh", "Saussez, Sven"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437033", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate olfactory dysfunction (OD) in patients with mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) through patient-reported outcome questionnaires and objective psychophysical testing. COVID-19 patients with self-reported sudden-onset OD were recruited. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected. Nasal complaints were evaluated with the sinonasal outcome-22. Subjective olfactory and gustatory status was evaluated with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Objective OD was evaluated using psychophysical tests. Eighty-six patients completed the study. The most common symptoms were fatigue (72.9%), headache (60.0%), nasal obstruction (58.6%), and postnasal drip (48.6%). Total loss of smell was self-reported by 61.4% of patients. Objective olfactory testings identified 41 anosmic (47.7%), 12 hyposmic (14.0%), and 33 normosmic (38.3%) patients. There was no correlation between the objective test results and subjective reports of nasal obstruction or postnasal drip. A significant proportion of COVID-19 patients reporting OD do not have OD on objective testing."}, {"pmid": 32454103, "pmcid": "PMC7245307", "title": "Type I astrocytes and microglia induce a cytokine response in an encephalitic murine coronavirus infection.", "journal": "Exp Mol Pathol", "authors": ["Lavi, Ehud", "Cong, Lin"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454103", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pathogenesis of viral infections involves an immune response by cytokines, causing a deleterious effect on organ function, in addition to tissue destruction due to viral replication. Clinical symptoms and laboratory findings of the human coronavirus disease COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS CoV-2, indicate cytokine involvement. Our laboratory showed that an experimental murine coronavirus (MHV-A59) can be transmitted into the brain by intranasal or intracerebral exposure and that neurovirulence is mediated by cytokine secretion. In this study we investigated which cells in the brain produce cytokines, thus functioning as the brain's innate immune system. Using tissue cultures of microglia, and clonal populations of astrocytes, we found that microglia and type I astrocytes (but not types II and III), produced pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to MHV-A59 infection. A molecularly closely related, non-encephalitic strain of the virus (MHV-2) caused in vitro infection, but without cytokine induction. Furthermore, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry revealed that type I astrocytes and microglia have perivascular foot processes necessary for the formation of the perivascular glymphatic system, the anatomical site of the brain's innate immune system. Cytokine secretion by type I astrocytes and microglia, as part of the brain's glymphatic and innate immune system, contributes to the pathogenesis of an encephalitic coronavirus infection, and indicates the rationale for anti-cytokine therapies for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32490933, "title": "COVID-19, Vascular Diseases, and Vascular Services.", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Puech-Leao, Pedro", "Cesar, Luiz Antonio Machado", "De Luccia, Nelson"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490933", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488860, "title": "Surgery at the time of COVID-19 pandemic: initial evidence of safe practice.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Del Genio, G", "Merlino, F", "Tolone, S", "Brusciano, L", "Lucido, F S", "Docimo, L", "Gambardella, C"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488860", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401550, "title": "Involvement of the open-source community in combating the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic: a review.", "journal": "J Med Eng Technol", "authors": ["Frazer, John Scott", "Shard, Amelia", "Herdman, James"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401550", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented in the modern age both due to its scale and its disruption to daily life throughout the world. Widespread social isolation and restrictions in the age of modern communicative technology, coupled with some early successes for makers, have united the open-source community towards a common goal in a way not previously seen. Local hospitals and care facilities are turning to makers to print essential consumable parts, such as simple visors, while in the hardest hit areas, critical pieces of medical technology are being fabricated. While important and effective innovations are appearing almost daily, there are also some worrying trends towards hobbyists attempting manufacture of complex medical devices with little understanding of the clinical or scientific rationale behind their design. The nature of the open-source community, an area of intensive innovation, fluidity, and experimentation, jars with the exacting standards of medical device regulation. Here, we review the involvement of rapid prototyping and the open-source community in the key areas of personal protective equipment (PPE), diagnostics, critical care technology, and information acquisition and sharing, highlighting where makers and hackers have clashed with medical device regulations, and areas where the system has worked well to facilitate change."}, {"pmid": 32379268, "title": "The Equitable Distribution of COVID-19 Therapeutics and Vaccines.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Bollyky, Thomas J", "Gostin, Lawrence O", "Hamburg, Margaret A"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379268", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312026, "title": "An elderly couple with COVID-19 pneumonia treated in Singapore: contrasting clinical course and management.", "journal": "Singapore Med J", "authors": ["Wong, Sin Yew", "Leong, Keng Hong", "Ng, Kheng Siang", "Tan, Seng Hoe", "Lo, Pau Lin Constance", "Chan, Kenneth"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312026", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425923, "pmcid": "PMC7204543", "title": "Could the Inhibition of Endo-Lysosomal Two-Pore Channels (TPCs) by the Natural Flavonoid Naringenin Represent an Option to Fight SARS-CoV-2 Infection?", "journal": "Front Microbiol", "authors": ["Filippini, Antonio", "D'Amore, Antonella", "Palombi, Fioretta", "Carpaneto, Armando"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425923", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358895, "pmcid": "PMC7267586", "title": "Histological pattern in Covid-19 induced viral rash.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Zengarini, Corrado", "Orioni, Gionathan", "Cascavilla, Alessandra", "Horna Solera, Clara", "Fulgaro, Ciro", "Misciali, Cosimo", "Patrizi, Annalisa", "Gaspari, Valeria"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358895", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "as stated by Est\u00e9banez et al1 , incidence of dermatological affection in covid-19 patients may be different than reported until now. Datas and evidences are building up every day and we wanted to add a contribution describing the case of a 67-year-old patient,\u00a0caucasian, with moderate obesity, a history of alcoholism and various chronic morbidities. No drug allergy was referred. She was sent to ER due to progressive dyspnoea and fever: after RT-PCR resulted positive to SARS-CoV 2, she was admitted to hospital and then intubated a week later due to worsening of the respiratory condition."}, {"pmid": 32425225, "pmcid": "PMC7229713", "title": "Endoscopy staff are concerned about acquiring COVID-19 infection when resuming elective endoscopy.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Rex, Douglas K", "Vemulapalli, Krishna C", "Lahr, Rachel E", "McHenry, Lee", "Sherman, Stuart", "Al-Haddad, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425225", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376589, "pmcid": "PMC7167320", "title": "[Chest CT findings and their dynamic changes in patients with COVID-19].", "journal": "Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao", "authors": ["Xiang, Ying", "Yang, Quanxin", "Sun, Honghong", "Qin, Xingru", "Li, Xiaohui", "Zhang, Qiujuan"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376589", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "ObjectiveTo define chest CT findings and their dynamic changes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from disease onset to the cure.MethodWe analyzed the clinical and chest CT data of 6 patients with RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19. According to the time from the disease onset to the cure or from the onset to each CT scan, the total of 30 chest CT scans were divided into 4 stages, namely stage 1 (0-4 days), stage 2 (5-9 days), stage 3 (10-14 days), and stage 4 (over 14 days). A semi-quantitative scoring system was used to quantitatively assess the pulmonary involvement on the basis of the involved area. The differences in chest CT signs and the lung injury scores based on CT findings were compared among the 4 stages.ResultsIn stage 1, ground-glass opacities (GGO) was found frequently in the subpleura, and the CT score was the lowest at 4.00\u00b10.40. Stage 2 was characterized by an increased and mixed density (crazy-paving pattern) with mild consolidation of the lungs, and the CT score reached its peak level of 7.38\u00b13.34 (P < 0.05). In stage 3, an expanded range of consolidation and linear lesions were found in the lungs, and the total CT score averaged 6.86\u00b12.91. In stage 4, a gradual resolution of the consolidation occurred with more linear lesions in the lungs, and the total CT score was 6.21\u00b11.56. The CT scores of the lower lobes were significantly higher compared with those of the middle/upper lobes (P < 0.05) in stage 3 and stage 4.ConclusionChest CT scans allows dynamic monitoring of the changes in the distribution, density and extent of the pulmonary lesions in the 4 stages, which are closely correlated with the evolution of the disease course of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32411576, "pmcid": "PMC7220165", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 gene expression and RAAS inhibitors.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Milne, Stephen", "Yang, Chen Xi", "Timens, Wim", "Bosse, Yohan", "Sin, Don D"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411576", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529737, "title": "Should cyclosporine be useful in renal transplant recipients affected by SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Cubillo, Beatriz", "Moreno de la Higuera, M Angeles", "Lucena, Rafael", "Valdes Franci, Elena", "Hurtado, Maria", "Calvo Romero, Natividad", "Rodriguez Moreno, Antolina", "Valencia, Daniela", "Velo, Mercedes", "Sagastagoitia Fornie, Inigo", "Sanchez-Fructuoso, Ana I"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529737", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Minimization of immunosuppression and administration of antiretrovirals have been recommended for kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) with COVID-19. However, outcomes remain poor. Given the likely benefit of cyclosporine due to its antiviral and immunomodulatory effect, we have been using it as a strategy in KTRs diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2. We studied 29 kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) who were admitted to our institution with COVID-19 between March,15- April, 24th , 2020. Mycophenolate and/or mTORi were discontinued in all patients. Two therapeutic strategies were compared: Group 1) minimization of calcineurin inhibitors (N=6); Group 2) cyclosporine-based therapy (N=23), with 15 patients switched from tacrolimus. Hydroxychloroquine was considered in both strategies but antivirals in none. Six patients died after a respiratory distress (20.6%). Five required mechanical ventilation (17.2 %), and three could be weaned. Nineteen patients had an uneventful recovery (65.5%). In group 1, 3/6 patients died (50%) and 1/6 required invasive mechanical ventilation (IVM) (16.7%). In group 2, three patients died 3/23 (12.5%). Renal function did not deteriorate and signs of rejection were not observed in any patient on the second treatment regime. In conclusion, immunosuppressant treatment based on cyclosporine could be safe and effective for KTRs diagnosed with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32516108, "title": "Effects of Proactive Social Distancing on COVID-19 Outbreaks in 58 Cities, China.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Du, Zhanwei", "Xu, Xiaoke", "Wang, Lin", "Fox, Spencer J", "Cowling, Benjamin J", "Galvani, Alison P", "Meyers, Lauren Ancel"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516108", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cities across China implemented stringent social distancing measures in early 2020 to curb coronavirus disease outbreaks. We estimated the speed with which these measures contained transmission in cities. A 1-day delay in implementing social distancing resulted in a containment delay of 2.41 (95% CI 0.97-3.86) days."}, {"pmid": 32476633, "title": "The social psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on medical staff in China: a cross-sectional study.", "journal": "Eur Psychiatry", "authors": ["Dong, Zai-Quan", "Ma, Jing", "Hao, Yan-Ni", "Shen, Xiao-Ling", "Liu, Fang", "Gao, Yuan", "Zhang, Lan"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476633", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294518, "pmcid": "PMC7152894", "title": "A comprehensive analysis of genome composition and codon usage patterns of emerging coronaviruses.", "journal": "Virus Res", "authors": ["Tort, Fernando L", "Castells, Matias", "Cristina, Juan"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294518", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of atypical pneumonia caused by a novel Betacoronavirus (\u03b2CoV), named SARS-CoV-2 has been declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization. In order to gain insight into the emergence, evolution and adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 viruses, a comprehensive analysis of genome composition and codon usage of \u03b2CoV circulating in China was performed. A biased nucleotide composition was found for SARS-CoV-2 genome. This bias in genomic composition is reflected in its codon and amino acid usage patterns. The overall codon usage in SARS-CoV-2 is similar among themselves and slightly biased. Most of the highly frequent codons are A- and U-ending, which strongly suggests that mutational bias is the main force shaping codon usage in this virus. Significant differences in relative synonymous codon usage frequencies among SARS-CoV-2 and human cells were found. These differences are due to codon usage preferences."}, {"pmid": 32449850, "title": "Prioritizing resident and patient safety while maintaining educational value: emergency restructuring of a Canadian surgical residency program during COVID19.", "journal": "Can J Surg", "authors": ["Gawad, Nada", "Towaij, Chelsea", "Stuleanu, Tommy", "Garcia-Ochoa, Carlos", "Williams, Lara J"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449850", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Surgical programs are facing major and fluctuating changes to the resident workforce because of decreased elective volumes and high exposure risk during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Rapid restructuring of a residency program to protect its workforce while maintaining educational value is imperative. We describe the experience of the Division of General Surgery at the University of Ottawa in Ontario, Canada. The residency program was restructured to feature alternating \"on\" and \"off\" weeks, maintaining a healthy resident cohort in case of exposure. Teams were restructured and subdivided to maximize physical distancing and minimize resident exposure to pathogens. Educational initiatives doubled, with virtual sessions targeting every resident year and incorporating intraoperative teaching. The divisional research day and oral exams proceeded uninterrupted, virtually. A small leadership team enabled fast and flexible restructuring of a system for patient care while prioritizing resident safety and maintaining a commitment to resident education in a pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32276139, "pmcid": "PMC7139268", "title": "COVID-19 in a patient with long-term use of glucocorticoids: A study of a familial cluster.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Han, Yuanyuan", "Jiang, Mao", "Xia, Da", "He, Lichao", "Lv, Xin", "Liao, Xiaohua", "Meng, Jie"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276139", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clusters of patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been successively reported globally. Studies show clear person-to-person transmission. The average incubation period is 2-14\u00a0days, and mostly 3-7\u00a0days. However, in some patients, this period may be longer. Here, we report a familial cluster of COVID-19 where a 47-year-old woman with long-term use of glucocorticoids did not develop any symptoms within the 14-day quarantine period but was confirmed with COVID-19 by tested positive of antibody on day 40 after she left Wuhan. Almost at the same time, her father and sister were diagnosed with COVID-19. The results suggest that the long-term use of glucocorticoids might cause atypical infections, a long incubation period, and extra transmission of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32512635, "title": "Uncovering psychobehavioral implications of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Iran.", "journal": "Transbound Emerg Dis", "authors": ["Wong, Li Ping", "Alias, Haridah", "Danaee, Mahmoud", "Ziaee, Masood", "Adebi, Farshid", "Ziaee, Arash", "Mohajer, Samira", "HajiAliBeigloo, Reza", "Nia, Mohammad Namazi", "Jamei, Fateme", "Mazlom, Seyed Reza"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512635", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Iran is the country in Western Asia most impacted by the COVID-19 outbreak. A survey was conducted among the general public in Iran aimed at investigating psychobehavioural issues related to the COVID-19 outbreak, namely: 1) barriers to preventive measures against SARS-CoV-2 infection; 2) negative emotions toward SARS-CoV-2 infection; and 3) anxiety levels among the general public in Iran. A cross-sectional, web-based survey using an online questionnaire was carried out between 16 March and 1 April 2020. The six-item version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-6) was used to assess anxiety levels. A total of 1,789 complete responses were received. Nearly 60% reported having difficulty in wearing a face mask to protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The mean and standard deviation (SD) for the total prevention barrier score was 35.8 (SD \u00b1 7.1; range 18 to 68) out of a possible score of 72. Male respondents [odds ratio (OR) = 1.25; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03 to 1.51] and respondents who perceived their health status as poor/fair (OR = 1.49; 95% CI 1.31 to 1.82) were predictors of high prevention barriers. Negative emotions such as fear (74.6%), followed by depression (43.4%) and stigma (23.0%) associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection were reported. Respondents who perceived their health as poor/fair (OR = 2.19; 95% CI 1.57 to 3.04) reported a higher likelihood of having higher negative emotions. Findings on anxiety level revealed 68.0% (95% CI 65.8 to 70.1) reported moderate to severe anxiety. Respondents who perceived their health as poor/fair (OR = 3.46; 95% CI 12.22 to 5.40) and who were females (OR = 1.91; 95% CI 1.55 to 2.36) were predictors of moderate to severe anxiety. In conclusion, psychobehavioural interventions are needed to facilitate management and control of the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32278374, "pmcid": "PMC7146660", "title": "Virtual health care in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Webster, Paul"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278374", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412641, "pmcid": "PMC7239235", "title": "Unusual presentation of acute coronary syndrome in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging", "authors": ["Salido-Tahoces, Luisa", "Sanchez-Recalde, Angel", "Pardo-Sanz, Ana", "Zamorano Gomez, Jose Luis"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412641", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434615, "title": "Assessment and Management of Anorexia Nervosa during COVID-19.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Walsh, O", "McNicholas, F"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434615", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Management of the high rates of medical and psychiatric complications, including self-harm and suicide, associated with Anorexia Nervosa require regular clinical review. However, during the current pandemic, face to face clinical assessments carry the risk of infection and transmission in this vulnerable cohort already compromised by low weight and lowered immunity. This paper describes how one service has had to adapt usual care during the COVID-19 pandemic without contributing excessively to carer burden or compromising patient safety."}, {"pmid": 32472566, "title": "\"COVID-Mask\": an atypical livedoid manifestation of COVID-19 observed in a northern Italy hospital.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Conforti, Claudio", "Zalaudek, Iris", "Giuffrida, Roberta", "Zorat, Francesca", "Grillo, Andrea", "Colapietro, Nina", "Francica, Morena", "di Meo, Nicola"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472566", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386987, "pmcid": "PMC7183998", "title": "Acute Pulmonary Embolism and Covid-19: A Common Association in Seriously Ill Patients?", "journal": "Arch Bronconeumol", "authors": ["Perez-Girbes, Alexandre"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386987", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32226288, "pmcid": "PMC7098036", "title": "Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Patients Infected with 2019-New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): A Review and Perspective.", "journal": "Int J Biol Sci", "authors": ["Yang, Yang", "Islam, Md Sahidul", "Wang, Jin", "Li, Yuan", "Chen, Xin"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226288", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, formerly known as 2019-nCoV, the causative pathogen of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)) has rapidly spread across China and around the world, causing an outbreak of acute infectious pneumonia. No specific anti-virus drugs or vaccines are available for the treatment of this sudden and lethal disease. The supportive care and non-specific treatment to ameliorate the symptoms of the patient are the only options currently. At the top of these conventional therapies, greater than 85% of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in China are receiving Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) treatment. In this article, relevant published literatures are thoroughly reviewed and current applications of TCM in the treatment of COVID-19 patients are analyzed. Due to the homology in epidemiology, genomics, and pathogenesis of the SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, and the widely use of TCM in the treatment of SARS-CoV, the clinical evidence showing the beneficial effect of TCM in the treatment of patients with SARS coronaviral infections are discussed. Current experiment studies that provide an insight into the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of TCM, and those studies identified novel naturally occurring compounds with anti-coronaviral activity are also introduced."}, {"pmid": 32526996, "title": "Air Quality Variation in Wuhan, Daegu, and Tokyo during the Explosive Outbreak of COVID-19 and Its Health Effects.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Ma, Chang-Jin", "Kang, Gong-Unn"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526996", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of", "Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study was designed to assess the variation of the air quality actually measured from the air pollution monitoring stations (AQMS) in three cities (Wuhan, Daegu, and Tokyo), in Asian countries experiencing the explosive outbreak of COVID-19, in a short period of time. In addition, we made a new attempt to calculate the reduced DosePM2.5 (\u03bcg) at the bronchiolar (Br.) and alveolar-interstitial (AI) regions of the 10-year-old children after the city lockdown/self-reflection of each city. A comparison of the average PM2.5 of a month before and after the lockdown (Wuhan) and self-reflection (Daegu and Tokyo) clearly shows that the PM2.5 concentration was decreased by 29.9, 20.9, and 3.6% in Wuhan, Daegu and Tokyo, respectively. Wuhan, Daegu and Tokyo also recorded 53.2, 19.0, and 10.4% falls of NO2 concentration, respectively. Wuhan, which had the largest decrease of PM2.5 concentration due to COVID-19, also marked the largest reduced DosePM2.510-year-old children (\u03bcg) (3660 \u03bcg at Br. and 6222 \u03bcg at AI), followed by Daegu (445 \u03bcg at Br. and 1,287 \u03bcg at AI), and Tokyo (18 \u03bcg at Br. and 52 \u03bcg at AI), over two months after the city lockdown/self-reflection. Our results suggest that the city lockdown/self-reflection had the effect of lowering the concentration of PM2.5, resulting in an extension of the period it took to the acute allergic airway inflammation (AAI) for the 10-year-old children."}, {"pmid": 32425713, "pmcid": "PMC7233240", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: Response plan by the Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare inpatient pharmacy department.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Arain, Savera", "Thalapparambath, Rajesh", "Al Ghamdi, Fuad Hamed"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425713", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing pandemic having caused a major health care crises across the globe.Pharmacy professionals are considered vital in preparation for optimal response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, in response to the estimated potential impact of COVID-19 on Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare (joint venture between Saudi Aramco and Johns Hopkins Medicine International), several initiatives were taken by the hospital's inpatient pharmacy department with focus on infection control, staffing, meeting clinical operational challenges, ethics, increased utilization of automation, and maintenance of employee wellness to prepare for this challenge. The plan implemented by the inpatient pharmacy department was prepared while incorporating information and recommendations from leading pharmacy organizations, ministry of health, institute's experience in battling another similar coronavirus (the Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus) previously, and updated scientific research. The key focus areas include development of an institutionalized COVID-19 protocol, measures to improve infection control when handling and dispensing medications, modified staffing plan, system changes in peri-operative areas, keeping pharmacy professionals updated about new and scientific researches, increased utilization of automation, clinical interventions by pharmacist ensuring appropriate utilization of medications while monitoring for drug-drug interactions, adverse drug event prevention, and preparing for handling drug shortages. By implementing a robust plan, pharmacy professionals continue to show that they are an integral member of inter-professional health care teams."}, {"pmid": 32289214, "pmcid": "PMC7175425", "title": "Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the Icelandic Population.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Gudbjartsson, Daniel F", "Helgason, Agnar", "Jonsson, Hakon", "Magnusson, Olafur T", "Melsted, Pall", "Norddahl, Gudmundur L", "Saemundsdottir, Jona", "Sigurdsson, Asgeir", "Sulem, Patrick", "Agustsdottir, Arna B", "Eiriksdottir, Berglind", "Fridriksdottir, Run", "Gardarsdottir, Elisabet E", "Georgsson, Gudmundur", "Gretarsdottir, Olafia S", "Gudmundsson, Kjartan R", "Gunnarsdottir, Thora R", "Gylfason, Arnaldur", "Holm, Hilma", "Jensson, Brynjar O", "Jonasdottir, Aslaug", "Jonsson, Frosti", "Josefsdottir, Kamilla S", "Kristjansson, Thordur", "Magnusdottir, Droplaug N", "le Roux, Louise", "Sigmundsdottir, Gudrun", "Sveinbjornsson, Gardar", "Sveinsdottir, Kristin E", "Sveinsdottir, Maney", "Thorarensen, Emil A", "Thorbjornsson, Bjarni", "Love, Arthur", "Masson, Gisli", "Jonsdottir, Ingileif", "Moller, Alma D", "Gudnason, Thorolfur", "Kristinsson, Karl G", "Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur", "Stefansson, Kari"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289214", "countries": ["Iceland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the current worldwide pandemic, coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) was first diagnosed in Iceland at the end of February. However, data are limited on how SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes Covid-19, enters and spreads in a population. We targeted testing to persons living in Iceland who were at high risk for infection (mainly those who were symptomatic, had recently traveled to high-risk countries, or had contact with infected persons). We also carried out population screening using two strategies: issuing an open invitation to 10,797 persons and sending random invitations to 2283 persons. We sequenced SARS-CoV-2 from 643 samples. As of April 4, a total of 1221 of 9199 persons (13.3%) who were recruited for targeted testing had positive results for infection with SARS-CoV-2. Of those tested in the general population, 87 (0.8%) in the open-invitation screening and 13 (0.6%) in the random-population screening tested positive for the virus. In total, 6% of the population was screened. Most persons in the targeted-testing group who received positive tests early in the study had recently traveled internationally, in contrast to those who tested positive later in the study. Children under 10 years of age were less likely to receive a positive result than were persons 10 years of age or older, with percentages of 6.7% and 13.7%, respectively, for targeted testing; in the population screening, no child under 10 years of age had a positive result, as compared with 0.8% of those 10 years of age or older. Fewer females than males received positive results both in targeted testing (11.0% vs. 16.7%) and in population screening (0.6% vs. 0.9%). The haplotypes of the sequenced SARS-CoV-2 viruses were diverse and changed over time. The percentage of infected participants that was determined through population screening remained stable for the 20-day duration of screening. In a population-based study in Iceland, children under 10 years of age and females had a lower incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection than adolescents or adults and males. The proportion of infected persons identified through population screening did not change substantially during the screening period, which was consistent with a beneficial effect of containment efforts. (Funded by deCODE Genetics-Amgen.)."}, {"pmid": 32165283, "pmcid": "PMC7102534", "title": "COVID-19 - the role of mass gatherings.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ebrahim, Shahul H", "Memish, Ziad A"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32165283", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mass gathering (MG) medicine emerged against the backdrop of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) when the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) hosted the largest annual mass gathering of over 3 million pilgrims from 180 plus countries. However, the events surrounding the latest threat to global health, the PHEIC COVID-19, may be sufficient to highlight the role of mass gatherings, mass migration, and other forms of dense gatherings of people on the emergence, sustenance, and transmission of novel pathogens. The COVID-19 spread illustrates the role of MGs in exacerbation of the scope of pandemics. Cancellation or suspension of MGs would be critical to pandemic mitigation. It is unlikely that medical countermeasures are available during the early phase of pandemics. Therefore, mitigation of its impact, rather than containment and control becomes a priority during pandemics. As the most systematically studied MG-related respiratory disease data come from KSA, the cancellation of Umrah by the KSA authorities, prior to emergence of cases, provide the best opportunity to develop mathematical models to quantify event cancellations related mitigation of COVID-19 transmission in KSA and to the home countries of pilgrims. COVID-19 has already provided examples of both clearly planned event cancellations such as the Umrah suspension in KSA, and where outbreaks and events were continued."}, {"pmid": 32506198, "title": "The mystery of \"missing\" visits in an emergency cardiology department, in the era of COVID-19.; a time-series analysis in a tertiary Greek General Hospital.", "journal": "Clin Res Cardiol", "authors": ["Tsioufis, Konstantinos", "Chrysohoou, Christina", "Kariori, Maria", "Leontsinis, Ioannis", "Dalakouras, Ioannis", "Papanikolaou, Angelos", "Charalambus, Georgios", "Sambatakou, Helen", "Siassos, Gerasimos", "Panagiotakos, Demosthenes", "Tousoulis, Dimitrios"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506198", "countries": ["Greece"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the era of the current COVID-19 health crisis, the aim of the present study was to explore population behavior as regards the visits in the \u0395mergency Cardiology department (ECD) of a tertiary General Hospital that does not hospitalize SARS-CoV-2 infected patients METHODS AND RESULTS: Daily number of visits at the EDC and admissions to Cardiology Wards and Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary General Hospital, in Athens, Greece, were retrieved from hospital's database (January 1st-April 30th 2018, 2019 and 2020). A highly significant reduction in the visits at ECD of the hospital during March and April 2020 was observed as compared with January and February of the same year (p for linear trend\u2009<\u2009\u00b7001); in particular the number of visits was 41.1% lower in March 2020 and 32.7% lower in April 2020, as compared to January 2020. As the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases throughout the country increased (i.e., from February 26th to April 2nd) the number of visits at ECD decreased (p\u2009=\u20090.01), whereas, the opposite was observed in the period afterwards (p\u2009=\u20090.01).The number of acute Myocardial infarctions (MI) cases in March 2020 was the lowest compared to the entire three year period (p\u2009<\u20090\u00b7001); however, the number of acute MI cases in April 2020 was doubled as compared to March 2020, but still was lower than the preceding years (p\u2009<\u20090\u00b7001). It is hard to explain the mystery of the \"missing\" emergency hospital visits. However, if this decline in cardiovascular disease related hospital visits is \"true\", it is something that needs to be rigorously studied, to learn how to keep these rates down."}, {"pmid": 32527756, "title": "Endocrine changes in SARS-CoV-2 patients and lessons from SARS-CoV.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Agarwal, Shubham", "Agarwal, Sanjeev Kumar"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527756", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus infection outbreaks have occurred frequently in the last two decades and have led to significant mortality. Despite the focus on reducing mortality by preventing the spread of the virus, patients have died due to several other complications of the illness. The understanding of pathological mechanisms and their implications is continuously evolving. A number of symptoms occur in these patients due to the involvement of various endocrine glands. These clinical presentations went largely unnoticed during the first outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002-2003. A few of these derangements continued during the convalescence phase and sometimes occurred after recovery. Similar pathological and biochemical changes are being reported with the novel coronavirus disease outbreak in 2020. In this review, we focus on these endocrine changes that have been reported in both SARS coronavirus and SARS coronavirus-2. As we battle the pandemic, it becomes imperative to address these underlying endocrine disturbances that are contributing towards or predicting mortality of these patients."}, {"pmid": 32385366, "title": "Coronavirus diaries: all the things we do not do.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Tregoning, John"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385366", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482571, "pmcid": "PMC7198134", "title": "Consensus statement. Corticosteroid therapy in ENT in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis", "authors": ["Herman, P", "Vincent, C", "Parietti Winkler, C", "Loundon, N", "Couloigner, V", "Tankere, F", "Tringali, S", "Gallet, P", "Papon, J-F", "Montava, M", "Lavieille, J-P", "Charpiot, A", "Schmerber, S"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482571", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This consensus statement about the indications and modalities of corticosteroid treatment in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic was jointly written by experts from the French Association of Otology and Oto-Neurology (AFON) and from the French Society of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (SFORL). There is currently not enough data in favour of danger or benefit from corticosteroids in COVID-19, so until this matter is resolved it is advisable to limit their indications to the most serious clinical pictures for which it is well established that this type of treatment has a positive impact on the progression of symptoms. In Grade V and VI Bell's palsy according to the House-Brackmann grading system, a week's course of oral corticosteroids is recommended. Corticosteroid therapy is also recommended in cases of sudden hearing loss of more than 60dB, either in the form of intratympanic injections or a week's course of oral medication. In rhinology, there is no indication for systemic corticosteroid therapy in the current situation. However, patients are advised to continue with their local corticosteroid therapy in the form of a nasal spray or by inhalation. Treatments with corticosteroid nasal sprays can still be prescribed if there is no alternative. Finally, systemic or local corticosteroid therapy is not indicated for bacterial ENT infections."}, {"pmid": 32413617, "pmcid": "PMC7207101", "title": "Addressing psychosocial problems associated with the COVID-19 lockdown.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Mackolil, Julia", "Mackolil, Joby"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413617", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The lockdown imposed by the governments of various countries to contain the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is associated with various psychosocial problems. The complications within the family and time management issues that can occur during this time period are explored. The stigma and anxiety associated with the coronavirus disease are also addressed. It is noted that the problems faced by vulnerable communities including individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) tend to be ignored. These crucial areas that psychologists and mental health professionals should consider before providing intervention are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32530813, "title": "The Story of #GetMePPE and GetUsPPE.org - Rapidly Deploying Digital Tools for Better Healthcare.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["He, Shuhan", "Ojo, Ayotomiwa", "Beckman, Adam", "Gondi, Suhas", "Ranney, Megan", "Betz, Marian", "Faust, Jeremy", "Choo, Esther", "Kass, Dara", "Raja, Ali"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530813", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Physicians, nurses, and other healthcare providers initiated the #GetMePPE movement on Twitter to spread awareness of the shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Dwindling supplies, such as face masks, gowns and goggles, and inadequate production to meet increasing demands, has left healthcare workers and patients at risk. The momentum of this Twitter hashtag resulted in a petition to urge public officials to address the PPE shortage through increased funding and production. Simultaneously, GetUsPPE.org was launched by a collaborative of physicians and software engineers to develop a digital platform for the donation, request, and distribution of multi-modal sources of PPE. GetUsPPE.org and #GetMePPE merged in an attempt to combine public engagement and advocacy on social media with the coordination of PPE donation and distribution. Within ten days, over 1800 hospitals and PPE suppliers were registered in a database that allowed for the rapid coordination and distribution of scarce and in-demand materials. One month after its launch, the organization has distributed hundreds of thousands of items of PPE and built a database of over 6,000 PPE requesters[1] The call for action on social media and the rapid development of this digital tool created a productive channel for the public to contribute to the healthcare response to COVID-19 in meaningful ways. #GetMePPE and GetUsPPE.org were able to mobilize individuals and organizations outside of the healthcare system to address the unmet needs of the medical community. The success of GetUsPPE.org demonstrates the potential of digital tools as a platform for larger healthcare institutions (table 1) to rapidly address urgent issues in healthcare. In this manuscript, we outline this process and discuss key factors determining success."}, {"pmid": 32438793, "title": "\"Run distancing\" in the era of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Sports Med Phys Fitness", "authors": ["Vasiliadis, Angelo V", "Boka, Vasiliki"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438793", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502121, "title": "Reply to \"Protecting against COVID-19 aerosol infection during intubation\".", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Wu, Yi-Chi", "Chen, Ching-Sung", "Chan, Yu-Jiun"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502121", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32285129, "pmcid": "PMC7184377", "title": "Public health concerns and unsubstantiated claims at the intersection of vaping and COVID-19.", "journal": "Nicotine Tob Res", "authors": ["Majmundar, Anuja", "Allem, Jon-Patrick", "Cruz, Tess Boley", "Unger, Jennifer B"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285129", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510175, "title": "COVID-19 and dengue virus co-epidemics in Pakistan: A dangerous combination for overburdened healthcare system.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Haqqi, Aleena", "Awan, Usman Ayub", "Ali, Muhammad", "Saqib, Muhammad Arif Nadeem", "Ahmed, Haroon", "Afzal, Muhammad Sohail"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510175", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We have read recent articles regarding co-epidemics/co-infections of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases 1-4 , these reports highlights the impact of co-infections on the health care system. The recent pandemic of COVID-19 caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus - SARS-CoV-2 has taken 378K lives and has spread worldwide infecting over 6.3 million individuals. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32288941, "pmcid": "PMC7136542", "title": "Japan ECMOnet for COVID-19: telephone consultations for cases with severe respiratory failure caused by COVID-19.", "journal": "J Intensive Care", "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32288941", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started spreading in Japan. Therefore, the number of patients with severe COVID-19 requiring extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (ECMO) is expected to increase. A working group has been formed to provide telephone consultation services for cases with severe respiratory failure caused by COVID-19 in Japan. During the first 13\u2009days of the service, there were 12 consultations. For each consultation, we advised the patient on the initiation of ECMO and arranged transportation for patients with ECMO. Based on experience from the H1N1 influenza pandemic, transporting patients to experienced facilities is essential to obtain better outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32483013, "title": "Honoring the Hippocratic Oath: Medical Student Perspective Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Zhou, Bright P"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483013", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32245870, "title": "Can companion animals become infected with Covid-19?", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Almendros, Angel", "Gascoigne, Emily"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245870", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265235, "title": "COVID-19 and Kawasaki Disease: Novel Virus and Novel Case.", "journal": "Hosp Pediatr", "authors": ["Jones, Veena G", "Mills, Marcos", "Suarez, Dominique", "Hogan, Catherine A", "Yeh, Debra", "Segal, J Bradley", "Nguyen, Elizabeth L", "Barsh, Gabrielle R", "Maskatia, Shiraz", "Mathew, Roshni"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265235", "countries": ["Japan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the midst of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we are seeing widespread disease burden affecting patients of all ages across the globe. However, much remains to be understood as clinicians, epidemiologists, and researchers alike are working to describe and characterize the disease process while caring for patients at the frontlines. We describe the case of a 6-month-old infant admitted and diagnosed with classic Kawasaki disease, who also screened positive for COVID-19 in the setting of fever and minimal respiratory symptoms. The patient was treated per treatment guidelines, with intravenous immunoglobulin and high-dose aspirin, and subsequently defervesced with resolution of her clinical symptoms. The patient's initial echocardiogram was normal, and she was discharged within 48 hours of completion of her intravenous immunoglobulin infusion, with instruction to quarantine at home for 14 days from the date of her positive test results for COVID-19. Further study of the clinical presentation of pediatric COVID-19 and the potential association with Kawasaki disease is warranted, as are the indications for COVID-19 testing in the febrile infant."}, {"pmid": 32357675, "pmcid": "PMC7192349", "title": "Strong correlations between power-law growth of COVID-19 in four continents and the inefficiency of soft quarantine strategies.", "journal": "Chaos", "authors": ["Manchein, Cesar", "Brugnago, Eduardo L", "da Silva, Rafael M", "Mendes, Carlos F O", "Beims, Marcus W"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357675", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this work, we analyze the growth of the cumulative number of confirmed infected cases by a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) until March 27, 2020, from countries of Asia, Europe, North America, and South America. Our results show that (i) power-law growth is observed in all countries; (ii) by using the distance correlation, the power-law curves between countries are statistically highly correlated, suggesting the universality of such curves around the world; and (iii) soft quarantine strategies are inefficient to flatten the growth curves. Furthermore, we present a model and strategies that allow the government to reach the flattening of the power-law curves. We found that besides the social distancing of individuals, of well known relevance, the strategy of identifying and isolating infected individuals in a large daily rate can help to flatten the power-laws. These are the essential strategies followed in the Republic of Korea. The high correlation between the power-law curves of different countries strongly indicates that the government containment measures can be applied with success around the whole world. These measures are scathing and to be applied as soon as possible."}, {"pmid": 32198275, "pmcid": "PMC7098733", "title": "More awareness is needed for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2019 transmission through exhaled air during non-invasive respiratory support: experience from China.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Guan, Lili", "Zhou, Luqian", "Zhang, Jinnong", "Peng, Wei", "Chen, Rongchang"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198275", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432700, "title": "Return to sports after COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Schellhorn, Philipp", "Klingel, Karin", "Burgstahler, Christof"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432700", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522295, "title": "Using air purifier as a supplementary protective measure in dental clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Zhao, Bin", "An, Na", "Chen, Chen"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522295", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499016, "pmcid": "PMC7184000", "title": "COVID-19 and cardiogenic shock. Different cardiovascular presentations with high mortality.", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Sanchez-Recalde, Angel", "Solano-Lopez, Jorge", "Miguelena-Hycka, Javier", "Martin-Pinacho, Jesus Javier", "Sanmartin, Marcelo", "Zamorano, Jose L"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499016", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330078, "title": "Dental Care and Oral Health under the Clouds of COVID-19.", "journal": "JDR Clin Trans Res", "authors": ["Ren, Y F", "Rasubala, L", "Malmstrom, H", "Eliav, E"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330078", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This commentary provides a timely evidence-based overview on the impact of COVID-19 on dental care and oral health and identifies gaps in protection of patients and staff in dental settings. Oral symptoms are prominent before fever and cough occur. Dental professionals may play an important role in early identification and diagnosis of patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32485894, "title": "In Silico Evaluation of the Effectivity of Approved Protease Inhibitors against the Main Protease of the Novel SARS-CoV-2 Virus.", "journal": "Molecules", "authors": ["Eleftheriou, Phaedra", "Amanatidou, Dionysia", "Petrou, Anthi", "Geronikaki, Athina"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485894", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease, COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which first emerged in Wuhan, China and was made known to the World in December 2019 turned into a pandemic causing more than 126,124 deaths worldwide up to April 16th, 2020. It has 79.5% sequence identity with SARS-CoV-1 and the same strategy for host cell invasion through the ACE-2 surface protein. Since the development of novel drugs is a long-lasting process, researchers look for effective substances among drugs already approved or developed for other purposes. The 3D structure of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease was compared with the 3D structures of seven proteases, which are drug targets, and docking analysis to the SARS-CoV-2 protease structure of thirty four approved and on-trial protease inhibitors was performed. Increased 3D structural similarity between the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, the HCV protease and \u03b1-thrombin was found. According to docking analysis the most promising results were found for HCV protease, DPP-4, \u03b1-thrombin and coagulation Factor Xa known inhibitors, with several of them exhibiting estimated free binding energy lower than -8.00 kcal/mol and better prediction results than reference compounds. Since some of the compounds are well-tolerated drugs, the promising in silico results may warrant further evaluation for viral anticipation. DPP-4 inhibitors with anti-viral action may be more useful for infected patients with diabetes, while anti-coagulant treatment is proposed in severe SARS-CoV-2 induced pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32371563, "title": "Asthma increases risk of severity of COVID-19.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Pennington, Emily"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371563", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines state that patients with moderate to severe asthma may be at greater risk for more severe disease if infected with SARS-CoV-2; however, no published data support this suggestion. During this pandemic, it is recommended that patients with asthma continue taking all controller inhalers and other asthma medication as prescribed to prevent exacerbations and limit outpatient clinic and emergency room exposure. Symptoms that may differentiate COVID-19 from asthma exacerbations caused by another trigger may include fever, fatigue, anorexia, or myalgias. Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 should avoid nebulizer treatments due to the risk of aerosolization."}, {"pmid": 32304192, "pmcid": "PMC7195985", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak control, example of ministry of health of Turkey", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Demirbilek, Yasemin", "Pehlivanturk, Gulen", "Ozguler, Zeynep Ozge", "Alp Mese, Emine"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304192", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Our first COVID-19 case in Turkey was a 44-year-old male who referred to the hospital on March 9, 2020. The first related death occurred on March 17, 2020. Preparedness for the pandemic has been ongoing before the first case was detected. The National Pandemic Plan was published in 2006. The Pandemic Influenza National Preparedness Plan was available after being updated in light of experiences gained during the 2009 Influenza A pandemic. Accordingly, Pandemic Coordination Boards and Operation Centers have been established on the national and provincial levels. This was an adaptable plan to the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). We formed teams to work on a 24/7 basis and established a Scientific Committee at the Public Health Emergency Operation Center within the General Directorate of Public Health. \u201cCOVID-19 Risk Assessment\u201d, \u201cCOVID-19 Guideline\u201d and \u201cCase Report Form\u201d, regulations of personal protective equipment along with need-based guidelines, treatment algorithms, brochures and related documents have been released. For the case-based follow-up, Public Health Management System (HSYS) is being used. PCR and rapid diagnostic kits are being used to analyze the samples at the central Microbiology Reference Laboratory and the authorized laboratories in several provinces. Various preventive measures were implemented including flight restrictions to certain countries, gradually expanded to suspending all flights and prohibiting the entry of foreign nationals, 14-day isolation and symptom monitoring for those that came from countries under risk. Persons with chronic diseases have been granted an administrative leave, on campus education at schools and activities of public rest and entertainment areas were temporarily suspended. The measures have been implemented for penitentiary institutions, dormitories, nursing homes, public transport and intercity buses, and also weekend curfews are implemented. In accordance with the pandemic plan, actions have been carried out with a multi-sectoral approach, and preventive measures have been implemented to cover the society as a whole."}, {"pmid": 32437915, "pmcid": "PMC7206431", "title": "Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Pappa, Sofia", "Ntella, Vasiliki", "Giannakas, Timoleon", "Giannakoulis, Vassilis G", "Papoutsi, Eleni", "Katsaounou, Paraskevi"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437915", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to significantly affect the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs), who stand in the frontline of this crisis. It is, therefore, an immediate priority to monitor rates of mood, sleep and other mental health issues in order to understand mediating factors and inform tailored interventions. The aim of this review is to synthesize and analyze existing evidence on the prevalence of depression, anxiety and insomnia among HCWs during the Covid-19 outbreak. A systematic search of literature databases was conducted up to April 17th, 2020. Two reviewers independently assessed full-text articles according to predefined criteria. Risk of bias for each individual study was assessed and data pooled using random-effects meta-analyses to estimate the prevalence of specific mental health problems. The review protocol is registered in PROSPERO and is available online. Findings Thirteen studies were included in the analysis with a combined total of 33062 participants. Anxiety was assessed in 12 studies, with a pooled prevalence of 23\u00b72% and depression in 10 studies, with a prevalence rate of 22\u00b78%. A subgroup analysis revealed gender and occupational differences with female HCPs and nurses exhibiting higher rates of affective symptoms compared to male and medical staff respectively. Finally, insomnia prevalence was estimated at 38\u00b79% across 4 studies. Interpretation Early evidence suggests that a considerable proportion of HCWs experience mood and sleep disturbances during this outbreak, stressing the need to establish ways to mitigate mental health risks and adjust interventions under pandemic conditions."}, {"pmid": 32447298, "title": "Approaches to global stroke care during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Stroke Vasc Neurol", "authors": ["Liu, Liping", "Wang, David", "Brainin, Michael", "Elkind, Mitchell S V", "Leira, Enrique", "Wang, Yongjun"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447298", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418377, "title": "[Clinical analysis of kidney injury in patients with COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Liu, Y", "Qi, F Y", "Wei, L", "Cheng, Q L"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418377", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To investigate the relationship between novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) and kidney injury. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on COVID-19 confirmed patients in the Central Theater Command General Hospital of Chinese PLA on March 12, 2020. A total of 87 hospitalized COVID-19 confirmed patients were enrolled in the study, and they were hospitalized at least one week. The recorded information included clinical data and indicators of kidney-related laboratory tests. Results: The average age of patients was (65.2\u00b117.1) years, and 34.5% (30/87) patients were \u2265 75 years old and 31.0% (27/87) patients were 60~74 years old. Male and female patients accounted for 59.8% (52/87) and 40.2% (35/87), respectively. There were 29.9% (26/87) and 12.6% (11/87) patients who had already showed mild elevation of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr) at admission. Moreover, 25.3% (22/87) and 4.6% (4/87) patients still exhibited mild elevation of BUN and SCr one week after admission. However, 28.7% (25/87) patients showed an elevation of BUN one week later after admission, though their BUN levels were normal at admission. Likewise, 16.1% (14/87) patients showed an elevation of SCr one week later after admission, while their SCr levels were normal at admission. Only two patients had an increase of SCr \u226526.5 \u03bcmol/L, and both of them were over 75 years old. Conclusions: COVID-19 patients with severe acute kidney injury are uncommon. However, attention should be paid to acute kidney injury of the elderly patients in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32296169, "title": "COVID-19 Q&A: A fish facility down to its core.", "journal": "Lab Anim (NY)", "authors": ["Neff, Ellen P"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296169", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311652, "pmcid": "PMC7194953", "title": "Diabetes self-management amid COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Banerjee, Mainak", "Chakraborty, Soumen", "Pal, Rimesh"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311652", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the physician-centered approach of diabetes care in India that is primarily based on routine clinic visits. We aim to review the various aspects of patient-centered care via diabetes self-management education based on available literature. This is a narrative review using Pubmed, EMBASE and Google Scholar search till March 29, 2020. Search terms were \"COVID-19\", \"diabetes self-care\", \"diabetes self-management education\", \"DSME\", \"diabetes self-management in India\", \"diabetes self-care in India\" and \"DSME in India\". We have discussed an educational plan on diabetes self-management that can be adopted for people with diabetes mellitus in our country amid the ongoing pandemic. We have also identified the barriers to diabetes self-management in the current scenario and suggested possible solutions to overcome those. We have reemphasized the need for a simultaneous patient-centered approach in routine diabetes care that has to be coordinated by a multidisciplinary team amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32452816, "pmcid": "PMC7268667", "title": "Digital Health Equity and COVID-19: The Innovation Curve Cannot Reinforce the Social Gradient of Health.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Crawford, Allison", "Serhal, Eva"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452816", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Digital health innovations have been rapidly implemented and scaled to provide solutions to health delivery challenges posed by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. This has provided people with ongoing access to vital health services while minimizing their potential exposure to infection and allowing them to maintain social distancing. However, these solutions may have unintended consequences for health equity. Poverty, lack of access to digital health, poor engagement with digital health for some communities, and barriers to digital health literacy are some factors that can contribute to poor health outcomes. We present the Digital Health Equity Framework, which can be used to consider health equity factors. Along with person-centered care, digital health equity should be incorporated into health provider training and should be championed at the individual, institutional, and social levels. Important future directions will be to develop measurement-based approaches to digital health equity and to use these findings to further validate and refine this model."}, {"pmid": 32305441, "pmcid": "PMC7161474", "title": "Overzealous hand hygiene during the COVID 19 pandemic causing an increased incidence of hand eczema among general population.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Singh, Mehak", "Pawar, Manoj", "Bothra, Atul", "Choudhary, Nishant"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305441", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354272, "title": "Perspectives from a webinar: COVID-19 and sexual and reproductive health and rights.", "journal": "Sex Reprod Health Matters", "authors": ["MacKinnon, Jessica", "Bremshey, Alexane"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354272", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379199, "title": "A Typical Case of Critically Ill Infant of Coronavirus Disease 2019 With Persistent Reduction of T Lymphocytes.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Qiu, Liru", "Jiao, Rong", "Zhang, Aiming", "Chen, Xi", "Ning, Qin", "Fang, Feng", "Zeng, Fang", "Tian, Niannian", "Zhang, Yi", "Huang, Yafei", "Sun, Ziyan", "Dhuromsingh, Menaka", "Li, Hao", "Li, Yang", "Xu, Rongrong", "Chen, Yu", "Luo, Xiaoping"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379199", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is becoming a global threat. However, our understanding of the clinical characteristics and treatment of critically ill pediatric patients and their ability of transmitting the coronavirus that causes COVID-19 still remains inadequate because only a handful pediatric cases of COVID-19 have been reported. Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, treatment, laboratory data and follow-up information and the treatment of critically ill infant were recorded. The infant had life-threatening clinical features including high fever, septic shock, recurrent apnea, petechiae and acute kidney injury and persistent declined CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The duration of nasopharyngeal virus shedding lasted for 49 days even with the administration of lopinavir/ritonavir for 8 days. The CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was partially recovered 68 days post onset of the disease. Accumulating of effector memory CD4+ T cells (CD4+TEM) was observed among T-cell compartment. The nucleic acid tests and serum antibody for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 of the infant's mother who kept intimate contact with the infant were negative despite no strict personal protection. The persistent reduction of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was the typical feature of critically ill infant with COVID-19. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells might play a key role in aggravating COVID-19 and predicts a more critical course in children. The prolonged nasopharyngeal virus shedding was related with the severity of respiratory injury. The transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from infant (even very critical cases) to adult might be unlikely."}, {"pmid": 32023775, "pmcid": "PMC7011107", "title": "An interim review of the epidemiological characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus.", "journal": "Epidemiol Health", "authors": ["Ryu, Sukhyun", "Chun, Byung Chul"], "date": "2020-02-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32023775", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) from Wuhan, China is currently recognized as a public health emergency of global concern. We reviewed the currently available literature to provide up-to-date guidance on control measures to be implemented by public health authorities. Some of the epidemiological characteristics of 2019-nCoV have been identified. However, there remain considerable uncertainties, which should be considered when providing guidance to public health authorities on control measures. Additional studies incorporating more detailed information from confirmed cases would be valuable."}, {"pmid": 32387513, "pmcid": "PMC7201218", "title": "Addressing potential impact of COVID-19 pandemic on physical and mental health of elite athletes.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Mehrsafar, Amir Hossien", "Gazerani, Parisa", "Moghadam Zadeh, Ali", "Jaenes Sanchez, Jose Carlos"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387513", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32266987, "pmcid": "PMC7262211", "title": "Corticosteroid treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Zha, Lei", "Li, Shirong", "Pan, Lingling", "Tefsen, Boris", "Li, Yeshan", "French, Neil", "Chen, Liyun", "Yang, Gang", "Villanueva, Elmer V"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266987", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess the efficacy of corticosteroid treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Observational study in the two COVID-19-designated hospitals in Wuhu, Anhui province, China, 24 January - 24 February 2020. Thirty-one patients infected with the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) treated at the two designated hospitals. Virus clearance time, length of hospital stay, and duration of symptoms, by treatment type (including or not including corticosteroid therapy). Eleven of 31 patients with COVID-19 received corticosteroid treatment. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis indicated no association between corticosteroid treatment and virus clearance time (hazard ratio [HR], 1.26; 95% CI, 0.58-2.74), hospital length of stay (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.33-1.78), or duration of symptoms (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.40-1.83). Univariate analysis indicated that virus clearance was slower in two patients with chronic hepatitis B infections (mean difference, 10.6 days; 95% CI, 6.2-15.1 days). Corticosteroids are widely used when treating patients with COVID-19, but we found no association between therapy and outcomes in patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome. An existing HBV infection may delay SARS-CoV-2 clearance, and this association should be further investigated."}, {"pmid": 32516621, "title": "Overview of rapid mitigating strategies in Singapore during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Lee, W C", "Ong, C Y"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516621", "countries": ["Singapore", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article describes the rapid mitigation strategies in addressing the rising number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Singapore. Learning from the severe acute respiratory syndrome experience in 2003, early preparation started in January 2020 when Wuhan was declared as the epicentre of the epidemic. The government had constructed a three-pronged approach which includes travel, healthcare and community measures to curb the spread of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32314483, "pmcid": "PMC7235531", "title": "COVID-19 and psoriasis: Should we fear for patients treated with biologics?", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Amerio, Paolo", "Prignano, Francesca", "Giuliani, Federica", "Gualdi, Giulio"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314483", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus pandemic poses question and challenges for dermatologists. One of question is if psoriasis patients treated with immunomodulating and immunosuppressive drugs have to discontinue their treatment in the midst of fears for the infection and its consequences. One of the challenges is how can we support our patients in this critical time. Previous coronaviruses outbreaks reports, current published evidences on pathogenesis and on clinical reports of COVID infection in immunosuppressed patients are used to make a scientifically based decision."}, {"pmid": 32271597, "title": "A Model for COVID-19 Prediction in Iran Based on China Parameters.", "journal": "Arch Iran Med", "authors": ["Zareie, Bushra", "Roshani, Amin", "Mansournia, Mohammad Ali", "Rasouli, Mohammad Aziz", "Moradi, Ghobad"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271597", "countries": ["China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid spread of COVID-19 virus from China to other countries and outbreaks of disease require an epidemiological analysis of the disease in the shortest time and an increased awareness of effective interventions. The purpose of this study was to estimate the COVID-19 epidemic in Iran based on the SIR model. The results of the analysis of the epidemiological data of Iran from January 22 to March 24, 2020 were investigated and prediction was made until April 15, 2020. By estimating the three parameters of time-dependent transmission rate, time-dependent recovery rate, and timedependent death rate from Covid-19 outbreak in China, and using the number of Covid-19 infections in Iran, we predicted the number of patients for the next month in Iran. Each of these parameters was estimated using GAM models. All analyses were conducted in R software using the mgcv package. Based on our predictions of Iran about 29000 people will be infected from March 25 to April 15, 2020. On average, 1292 people with COVID-19 are expected to be infected daily in Iran. The epidemic peaks within 3 days (March 25 to March 27, 2020) and reaches its highest point on March 25, 2020 with 1715 infected cases. The most important point is to emphasize the timing of the epidemic peak, hospital readiness, government measures and public readiness to reduce social contact."}, {"pmid": 32487446, "pmcid": "PMC7200348", "title": "Successful Use of Limited Transthoracic Echocardiography to Guide Veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator Placement in a Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Moore, Brad", "Morgan, Ned", "Selzman, Craig", "Zimmerman, Josh"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487446", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304394, "title": "First successful treatment of COVID-19 induced refractory cardiogenic plus vasoplegic shock by combination of pVAD and ECMO - a case report.", "journal": "ASAIO J", "authors": ["Bemtgen, Xavier", "Kruger, Kirsten", "Supady, Alexander", "Durschmied, Daniel", "Schibilsky, David", "Bamberg, Fabian", "Bode, Christoph", "Wengenmayer, Tobias", "Staudacher, Dawid L"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304394", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32250385, "pmcid": "PMC7136855", "title": "Baseline Characteristics and Outcomes of 1591 Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 Admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Grasselli, Giacomo", "Zangrillo, Alberto", "Zanella, Alberto", "Antonelli, Massimo", "Cabrini, Luca", "Castelli, Antonio", "Cereda, Danilo", "Coluccello, Antonio", "Foti, Giuseppe", "Fumagalli, Roberto", "Iotti, Giorgio", "Latronico, Nicola", "Lorini, Luca", "Merler, Stefano", "Natalini, Giuseppe", "Piatti, Alessandra", "Ranieri, Marco Vito", "Scandroglio, Anna Mara", "Storti, Enrico", "Cecconi, Maurizio", "Pesenti, Antonio", "Nailescu, Adriana", "Corona, Alberto", "Zangrillo, Alberto", "Protti, Alessandro", "Albertin, Andrea", "Forastieri Molinari, Andrea", "Lombardo, Andrea", "Pezzi, Angelo", "Benini, Annalisa", "Scandroglio, Anna Mara", "Malara, Annalisa", "Castelli, Antonio", "Coluccello, Antonio", "Micucci, Antonio", "Pesenti, Antonio", "Sala, Antonello", "Alborghetti, Armando", "Antonini, Benvenuto", "Capra, Carlo", "Troiano, Carmine", "Roscitano, Claudio", "Radrizzani, Danilo", "Chiumello, Davide", "Coppini, Davide", "Guzzon, Davide", "Costantini, Elena", "Malpetti, Elena", "Zoia, Elena", "Catena, Emanuele", "Agosteo, Emiliano", "Barbara, Enrico", "Beretta, Enrico", "Boselli, Enrico", "Storti, Enrico", "Harizay, Fabiola", "Della Mura, Federica", "Lorini, Ferdinando Luca", "Donato Sigurta, Francesco", "Marino, Francesco", "Mojoli, Francesco", "Rasulo, Frank", "Grasselli, Giacomo", "Casella, Giampaolo", "De Filippi, Gianluca", "Castelli, Gianpaolo", "Aldegheri, Giorgio", "Gallioli, Giorgio", "Lotti, Giorgio", "Albano, Giovanni", "Landoni, Giovanni", "Marino, Giovanni", "Vitale, Giovanni", "Battista Perego, Giovanni", "Evasi, Giulia", "Citerio, Giuseppe", "Foti, Giuseppe", "Natalini, Giuseppe", "Merli, Guido", "Sforzini, Ilaria", "Bianciardi, Leonardo", "Carnevale, Livio", "Grazioli, Lorenzo", "Cabrini, Luca", "Guatteri, Luca", "Salvi, Luca", "Dei Poli, Marco", "Galletti, Marco", "Gemma, Marco", "Ranucci, Marco", "Riccio, Mario", "Borelli, Massimo", "Zambon, Massimo", "Subert, Matteo", "Cecconi, Maurizio", "Mazzoni, Maurizio Giovanni", "Raimondi, Maurizio", "Panigada, Mauro", "Belliato, Mirko", "Bronzini, Nicola", "Latronico, Nicola", "Petrucci, Nicola", "Belgiorno, Nicolangela", "Tagliabue, Paola", "Cortellazzi, Paolo", "Gnesin, Paolo", "Grosso, Paolo", "Gritti, Paolo", "Perazzo, Paolo", "Severgnini, Paolo", "Ruggeri, Patrizia", "Sebastiano, Pietro", "Covello, Remo Daniel", "Fernandez-Olmos, Raquel", "Fumagalli, Roberto", "Keim, Roberto", "Rona, Roberto", "Valsecchi, Roberto", "Cattaneo, Sergio", "Colombo, Sergio", "Cirri, Silvia", "Bonazzi, Stefano", "Greco, Stefano", "Muttini, Stefano", "Langer, Thomas", "Alaimo, Valentina", "Viola, Uberto"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250385", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) emerged in China and has spread globally, creating a pandemic. Information about the clinical characteristics of infected patients who require intensive care is limited. To characterize patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requiring treatment in an intensive care unit (ICU) in the Lombardy region of Italy. Retrospective case series of 1591 consecutive patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 referred for ICU admission to the coordinator center (Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy) of the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network and treated at one of the ICUs of the 72 hospitals in this network between February 20 and March 18, 2020. Date of final follow-up was March 25, 2020. SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay of nasal and pharyngeal swabs. Demographic and clinical data were collected, including data on clinical management, respiratory failure, and patient mortality. Data were recorded by the coordinator center on an electronic worksheet during telephone calls by the staff of the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network. Of the 1591 patients included in the study, the median (IQR) age was 63 (56-70) years and 1304 (82%) were male. Of the 1043 patients with available data, 709 (68%) had at least 1 comorbidity and 509 (49%) had hypertension. Among 1300 patients with available respiratory support data, 1287 (99% [95% CI, 98%-99%]) needed respiratory support, including 1150 (88% [95% CI, 87%-90%]) who received mechanical ventilation and 137 (11% [95% CI, 9%-12%]) who received noninvasive ventilation. The median positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was 14 (IQR, 12-16) cm H2O, and Fio2 was greater than 50% in 89% of patients. The median Pao2/Fio2 was 160 (IQR, 114-220). The median PEEP level was not different between younger patients (n\u2009=\u2009503 aged \u226463 years) and older patients (n\u2009=\u2009514 aged \u226564 years) (14 [IQR, 12-15] vs 14 [IQR, 12-16] cm H2O, respectively; median difference, 0 [95% CI, 0-0]; P\u2009=\u2009.94). Median Fio2 was lower in younger patients: 60% (IQR, 50%-80%) vs 70% (IQR, 50%-80%) (median difference, -10% [95% CI, -14% to 6%]; P\u2009=\u2009.006), and median Pao2/Fio2 was higher in younger patients: 163.5 (IQR, 120-230) vs 156 (IQR, 110-205) (median difference, 7 [95% CI, -8 to 22]; P\u2009=\u2009.02). Patients with hypertension (n\u2009=\u2009509) were older than those without hypertension (n\u2009=\u2009526) (median [IQR] age, 66 years [60-72] vs 62 years [54-68]; P\u2009<\u2009.001) and had lower Pao2/Fio2 (median [IQR], 146 [105-214] vs 173 [120-222]; median difference, -27 [95% CI, -42 to -12]; P\u2009=\u2009.005). Among the 1581 patients with ICU disposition data available as of March 25, 2020, 920 patients (58% [95% CI, 56%-61%]) were still in the ICU, 256 (16% [95% CI, 14%-18%]) were discharged from the ICU, and 405 (26% [95% CI, 23%-28%]) had died in the ICU. Older patients (n\u2009=\u2009786; age \u226564 years) had higher mortality than younger patients (n\u2009=\u2009795; age \u226463 years) (36% vs 15%; difference, 21% [95% CI, 17%-26%]; P\u2009<\u2009.001). In this case series of critically ill patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to ICUs in Lombardy, Italy, the majority were older men, a large proportion required mechanical ventilation and high levels of PEEP, and ICU mortality was 26%."}, {"pmid": 32380316, "pmcid": "PMC7198427", "title": "Convalescent plasma in Covid-19: Possible mechanisms of action.", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Rojas, Manuel", "Rodriguez, Yhojan", "Monsalve, Diana M", "Acosta-Ampudia, Yeny", "Camacho, Bernardo", "Gallo, Juan Esteban", "Rojas-Villarraga, Adriana", "Ramirez-Santana, Carolina", "Diaz-Coronado, Juan C", "Manrique, Ruben", "Mantilla, Ruben D", "Shoenfeld, Yehuda", "Anaya, Juan-Manuel"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380316", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Therapeutic options including antimalarials, antivirals, and vaccines are under study. Meanwhile the current pandemic has called attention over old therapeutic tools to treat infectious diseases. Convalescent plasma (CP) constitutes the first option in the current situation, since it has been successfully used in other coronaviruses outbreaks. Herein, we discuss the possible mechanisms of action of CP and their repercussion in COVID-19 pathogenesis, including direct neutralization of the virus, control of an overactive immune system (i.e., cytokine storm, Th1/Th17 ratio, complement activation) and immunomodulation of a hypercoagulable state. All these benefits of CP are expected to be better achieved if used in non-critically hospitalized patients, in the hope of reducing morbidity and mortality."}, {"pmid": 32475827, "title": "Clinical and economic strategies in outpatient medical care during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Reg Anesth Pain Med", "authors": ["Provenzano, David Anthony", "Sitzman, B Todd", "Florentino, Samuel Ambrose", "Buterbaugh, Glenn A"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475827", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant clinical and economic consequences for medical practices of all specialties across the nation. Although the clinical implications are of the utmost importance, the economic consequences have also been serious and resulted in substantial damage to the US healthcare system, including pain practices. Outpatient pain practices have had to significantly change their clinical care pathways, including the incorporation of telemedicine. Elective medical and interventional care has been postponed. For the most part, ambulatory surgical centers have had to cease operations. As patient volumes have decreased for non-emergent elective care, the financial indicators have deteriorated. This review article will provide insight into solutions to mitigate the clinical and economic challenges induced by COVID-19. Undoubtedly, the COVID-19 pandemic will have short-term and long-term implications for all medical practices and facilities. In order to survive, medical practices will need dynamic, operational, and creative strategic plans to mitigate the disruption in medical care and pathways for successful reintegration of clinical and surgical practice."}, {"pmid": 32482542, "pmcid": "PMC7241319", "title": "Atypical presentations of coronavirus disease 2019 in a patient with acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis.", "journal": "Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Zhai, Lu-Lu", "Xiang, Feng", "Wang, Wei", "Wu, Lun", "Ye, Lin", "Yao, Li-Chao", "Tang, Zhi-Gang"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482542", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak in Wuhan, China, we experienced a case of SARS-CoV-2 infection with atypical presentations in a patient with acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis (AOSC), who was initially admitted with jaundice and fever. The patient had no other typical symptoms of COVID-19 such as cough, dyspnea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea except for fever, but her epidemiological history was clear. COVID-19 was finally confirmed by repeated viral nucleic acid testing, but her repetitive lungs CT imaging findings had been atypical. After endoscopic-related operations and antiviral treatment, the patient was subsequently recovered and discharged. This particular case is being reported to provide a reference and guidance for the diagnosis and management of COVID-19 in AOSC."}, {"pmid": 32119807, "title": "Imported Novel Coronavirus Infections: Observation on Active and Passive Case Detection in Thailand.", "journal": "Popul Health Manag", "authors": ["Sookaromdee, Pathum", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32119807", "countries": ["Thailand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493949, "title": "Lockdowns due to COVID-19 threaten PhD students' and early-career researchers' careers.", "journal": "Nat Ecol Evol", "authors": ["Paula, Jose Ricardo"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493949", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346470, "pmcid": "PMC7176477", "title": "The effects of COVID-19 pandemic on the provision of urgent surgery: a perspective from the USA.", "journal": "J Surg Case Rep", "authors": ["Cheeyandira, Abhiman"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346470", "countries": ["United States", "Italy", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona virus pandemic has affected all the 50 states in the USA. States such as NY, CA and WA being the most affected. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website, as of 28 March 2020, the total number of cases in the USA is over 103 300 and number of deaths to 1668. In the coming weeks, COVID-19 rates are expected to begin skyrocketing and hit a peak in late April/May/June given lessons learned from China, Italy and others. COVID-19 has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) as confirmed cases approach 575 444 patients with 26 654 deaths across over 160 countries, as of 28 March 2020. There is a lot of impact on management of the urgent and emergent cases. This article highlights the changes that are being made in delivering urgent and emergent surgical care during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32344332, "pmcid": "PMC7162767", "title": "Covid-19 lock down: People psychology due to law enforcement.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Varalakshmi, R", "Swetha, R"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344332", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341268, "title": "COVID-19 Update.", "journal": "ASAIO J", "authors": ["Slaughter, Mark S"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341268", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374797, "pmcid": "PMC7236157", "title": "An updated systematic review on the coronavirus pandemic: lessons for psychiatry.", "journal": "Braz J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Shiozawa, Pedro", "Uchida, Ricardo R"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374797", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289124, "title": "COVID-19 CRISIS: we must care for ourselves as we care for others.", "journal": "J Fam Pract", "authors": ["Sutton, Aaron", "Skolnik, Neil"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289124", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364126, "pmcid": "PMC7165283", "title": "Will neurological care change over the next 5 years due to the COVID-19 pandemic? Key informant consensus survey.", "journal": "Neurologia", "authors": ["Matias-Guiu, J", "Matias-Guiu, J A", "Alvarez-Sabin, J", "Ramon Ara, J", "Arenillas, J", "Casado-Naranjo, I", "Castellanos, M", "Jimenez-Hernandez, M D", "Lainez-Andres, J M", "Moral, E", "Morales, A", "Rodriguez-Antiguedad, A", "Segura, T", "Serrano-Castro, P", "Diez-Tejedor, E"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364126", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic will give rise to long-term changes in neurological care, which are not easily predictable. A key informant survey was used to enquire about the changes expected in the specialty over the next 5 years. The survey was completed by heads of neurology departments with broad knowledge of the situation, having been active during the pandemic. Despite a low level of consensus between participants, there was strong (85%) and moderate consensus (70%) about certain subjects, mainly the increase in precautions to be taken, the use of telemedicine and teleconsultations, the reduction of care provided in in-person consultations to avoid the presence of large numbers of people in waiting rooms, the development of remote training solutions, and the changes in monitoring visits during clinical trials. There was consensus that there would be no changes to the indication of complementary testing or neurological examination. The key informant survey identified the foreseeable changes in neurological care after the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32496105, "title": "Lions quest skills for adolescence implementation during COVID-19 challenges in Croatia.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Stojanovic, Milos", "El-Khatib, Ziad", "Rovis Brandic, Alma", "Maalouf, Wadih"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496105", "countries": ["Croatia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Globally, the Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic situation has affected the education system, forcing students to start distance learning. Consequently, education of students reverted to online platforms or TV station broadcasts. Extracurricular programs have also experienced a setback given the natural prioritization of mandatory school subjects. Meanwhile, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) was implementing a teacher-led extracurricular activity for children of age 10-15 years to prevent substance use and other negative life and social consequences (Lions Quest Skills for Adolescence [LQSFA]). Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, LQSFA was difficult to sustain, partly as it was considered extracurricular and partly given its interactive requirement that was difficult to apply through distance learning. Nevertheless, schools' facilitators managed to adapt the program information sharing and communication strategies with the student groups and identified essential sessions allowing continuity of program implementation and utilization of critical program skills during COVID-19 pandemic. The practical implication of the facilitators' assessment of the relevance, value, motivation and feasibility of the implementation of the LQSFA program within the current COVID-19 circumstances calls for the eminent need for adaptation of its implementation modality to meet the current educational delivery circumstances. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32339092, "title": "Decreased Influenza Incidence under COVID-19 Control Measures, Singapore.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Soo, Roy Jiunn Jye", "Chiew, Calvin J", "Ma, Stefan", "Pung, Rachael", "Lee, Vernon"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339092", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We compared indicators of influenza activity in 2020 before and after public health measures were taken to reduce coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with the corresponding indicators from 3 preceding years. Influenza activity declined substantially, suggesting that the measures taken for COVID-19 were effective in reducing spread of other viral respiratory diseases."}, {"pmid": 32471822, "title": "Covid-19: How does the NHS test and trace service work?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471822", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464333, "pmcid": "PMC7245320", "title": "First detection of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated wastewaters in Italy.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["La Rosa, Giuseppina", "Iaconelli, Marcello", "Mancini, Pamela", "Bonanno Ferraro, Giusy", "Veneri, Carolina", "Bonadonna, Lucia", "Lucentini, Luca", "Suffredini, Elisabetta"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464333", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several studies have demonstrated the advantages of environmental surveillance through the monitoring of sewage for the assessment of viruses circulating in a given community (wastewater-based epidemiology, WBE). During the COVID-19 public health emergency, many reports have described the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in stools from COVID-19 patients, and a few studies reported the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewaters worldwide. Italy is among the world's worst-affected countries in the COVID-19 pandemic, but so far there are no studies assessing the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in Italian wastewaters. To this aim, twelve influent sewage samples, collected between February and April 2020 from Wastewater Treatment Plants in Milan and Rome, were tested adapting, for concentration, the standard WHO procedure for Poliovirus surveillance. Molecular analysis was undertaken with three nested protocols, including a newly designed SARS-CoV-2 specific primer set. SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection was accomplished in volumes of 250\u00a0ml of wastewaters collected in areas of high (Milan) and low (Rome) epidemic circulation, according to clinical data. Overall, 6 out of 12 samples were positive. One of the positive results was obtained in a Milan wastewater sample collected a few days after the first notified Italian case of autochthonous SARS-CoV-2. The study confirms that WBE has the potential to be applied to SARS-CoV-2 as a sensitive tool to study spatial and temporal trends of virus circulation in the population."}, {"pmid": 32435890, "pmcid": "PMC7239607", "title": "The impact of imposed delay in elective pediatric neurosurgery: an informed hierarchy of need in the time of mass casualty crisis.", "journal": "Childs Nerv Syst", "authors": ["Ahluwalia, Ranbir", "Rocque, Brandon G", "Shannon, Chevis N", "Blount, Jeffrey P"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435890", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19, coronavirus, has created unique challenges for the medical community after national guidelines called for the cancellation of all elective surgery. While there are clear cases of elective surgery (benign cranial cosmetic defect) and emergency surgery (hemorrhage, fracture, trauma, etc.), there is an unchartered middle ground in pediatric neurosurgery. Children, unlike adults, have dynamic anatomy and are still developing neural networks. Delaying seemingly elective surgery can affect a child's already vulnerable health state by further impacting their neurocognitive development, neurologic functioning, and potential long-term health states. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that \"elective\" pediatric neurosurgery should be risk-stratified, and multi-institutional informed guidelines established."}, {"pmid": 32471016, "title": "Virtual melanoma checks during a pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Dermatol", "authors": ["Janda, M", "Swetter, S M", "Horsham, C", "Soyer, H P"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471016", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Healthcare services internationally are experiencing unprecedented strain due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Governments mandate strict social distancing to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and as a result, people are avoiding health services for less urgent issues. In this crisis, it is important that patients continue to receive preventive and surveillance care without compromising their safety or that of healthcare workers."}, {"pmid": 32391713, "title": "Cutaneous Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection-What Do We Know So Far?", "journal": "J Cutan Med Surg", "authors": ["Ghazal, Stephanie", "Litvinov, Ivan V", "Aljahani, Naif", "Jfri, Abdulhadi", "Netchiporouk, Elena"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391713", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344998, "title": "Joint Statement of the Korean Society for Preventive Medicine and the Korean Society of Epidemiology on the response to the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Epidemiol Health", "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344998", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295788, "title": "Does hydroxychloroquine prevent the transmission of COVID-19?", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Heldwein, Flavio L", "Calado, Adriano"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295788", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334063, "pmcid": "PMC7175853", "title": "Stay home while going out - Possible impacts of earthquake co-occurring with COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and vice versa.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Marko, Curkovic", "Andro, Kosec", "Petrana, Brecic"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334063", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366470, "pmcid": "PMC7207176", "title": "Additional safety consideration for azithromycin in the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Seftel, Matthew D"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366470", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286674, "title": "Rehabilitation of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Brugliera, Luigia", "Spina, Alfio", "Castellazzi, Paola", "Cimino, Paolo", "Tettamanti, Andrea", "Houdayer, Elise", "Arcuri, Pietro", "Alemanno, Federica", "Mortini, Pietro", "Iannaccone, Sandro"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286674", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409313, "title": "Asymptomatic COVID-19: What the Neuroradiologist Needs to Know about Pulmonary Manifestations.", "journal": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Barajas, R F Jr", "Rufener, G", "Starkey, J", "Duncan, T", "Fuss, C"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409313", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease with a high asymptomatic incidence. Asymptomatic infections within a population will inevitably lead to diagnosis via unrelated medical imaging. We report the case of an asymptomatic patient undergoing a spine CT examination for trauma who was incidentally found to have lung abnormalities later confirmed to be COVID-19. We aim to familiarize neuroradiologists with the spectrum of COVID-19 pulmonary manifestations that are likely to be observed on neck and spine CT imaging."}, {"pmid": 32125131, "title": "[Novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) CT distribution and sign features].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wu, J", "Feng, L C", "Xian, X Y", "Qiang, J", "Zhang, J", "Mao, Q X", "Kong, S F", "Chen, Y C", "Pan, J P"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125131", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To investigate the imaging findings of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19). Methods: From January 20 to February 5, 2020, a total of 130 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from seven hospitals in China were collected. The imaging data were reviewed and analyzed in detail. Results: (1) Distribution: the lesion detected in the lung unilaterally in 14 cases (10.7%) and bilaterally in 116 cases (89.3%). According to the distribution in the lobes of the lung, all cases could be classified into subpleural distribution (102 cases, 78.4%), centrilobular distribution (99 cases, 76.1%) and diffused distribution (8 cases, 6.1%). (2) Number of lesions: single lesion 9 cases (6.9%); multiple lesions 113 cases (86.9%), diffuse lesions 8 cases (6.1%). (3) Imaging density: 70 cases (53.8%) of ground-glass opacity (GGO), 60 cases (46.2%) of GGO+consolidation. (4) Accompanying signs: 100 cases (76.9%) with vascular thickening, 98 cases (75.3%) with \"pleural parallel sign\" ; \" intralobular septal thickening\" in 100 cases (76.9%); \"halo sign\" in 13 cases (10%); \"reversed-halo sign\" in 6 cases (4.6%); pleural effusion in 3 cases (2.3%), and pneumatocele in 2 cases (1.5%); no case with pulmonary cavity. Among 35 patients that underwent follow-up CT, 21 patients (60%) improved while 14 (40%) exacerbated. Conclusions: COVID-19 imaging characteristic mainly has subpleural, centrilobular and diffused distribution. The first two distributions can overlap or progress to diffused distribution. In the later period, it was mainly manifested as organizing pneumonia and fibrosis. The most valuable characteristic is the pleural parallel sign."}, {"pmid": 32302962, "pmcid": "PMC7151537", "title": "Dealing with Corona virus anxiety and OCD.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Kumar, Ajay", "Somani, Aditya"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302962", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is reeling under the crisis caused by corona virus disease (COVID-19), print, electronic and social media are flooded with numerous advisories issued by governments and other national & international agencies. While all this is being done with best of intentions so as to contain the spread of this viral disease, this is causing a significant negative impact on mental health of people specially person of obsessive-compulsive disorder with fear of contamination and excessive washing of hands."}, {"pmid": 32527517, "title": "Evidence for (mis-)understanding or obfuscation in the COVID-19 and digit ratio relationship? A reply to Jones et al.", "journal": "Early Hum Dev", "authors": ["Manning, John T", "Fink, Bernhard"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527517", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363911, "title": "Telepsychiatry as a public health imperative: Slowing COVID-19.", "journal": "Aust N Z J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Khanna, Rahul", "Forbes, Malcom"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363911", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353634, "pmcid": "PMC7185015", "title": "COVID-19: Immunology and treatment options.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Felsenstein, Susanna", "Herbert, Jenny A", "McNamara, Paul S", "Hedrich, Christian M"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353634", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 causes COVID-19, a pandemic threatening millions. As protective immunity does not exist in humans and the virus is capable of escaping innate immune responses, it can proliferate, unhindered, in primarily infected tissues. Subsequent cell death results in the release of virus particles and intracellular components to the extracellular space, which result in immune cell recruitment, the generation of immune complexes and associated damage. Infection of monocytes/macrophages and/or recruitment of uninfected immune cells can result in massive inflammatory responses later in the disease. Uncontrolled production of pro-inflammatory mediators contributes to ARDS and cytokine storm syndrome. Antiviral agents and immune modulating treatments are currently being trialled. Understanding immune evasion strategies of SARS-CoV2 and the resulting delayed massive immune response will result in the identification of biomarkers that predict outcomes as well as phenotype and disease stage specific treatments that will likely include both antiviral and immune modulating agents."}, {"pmid": 32526802, "title": "Universal Testing-Based Response to COVID-19 Outbreak by a Long-Term Care and Post-Acute Care Facility.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Bakaev, Innokentiy", "Retalic, Tammy", "Chen, Helen"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526802", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470595, "pmcid": "PMC7251415", "title": "Commentary on: A novel solution to the PPE crisis during the Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19).", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Syed, Dr Sabeeh", "Malik, Miss Sara", "Ominu-Evbota, Kilali"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470595", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311651, "pmcid": "PMC7159862", "title": "Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may be harmful in patients with diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Cure, Erkan", "Cumhur Cure, Medine"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311651", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak once again demonstrated the importance of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in patients with diabetes. Activation of the RAS increases in patients with diabetes. The virus attaches to the ACE2 enzyme at low cytosolic pH values and enters into the cell and causes infection. Especially in the presence of diabetes mellitus and accompanying comorbid conditions such as hypertension, obesity, old age, and smoking, cytosolic pH is low, thus the virus easily may enter the cell by attaching to ACE2. ACEIs and ARBs lead to a reduction in angiotensin II level by increasing the ACE2 level, thus they cause a low cytosolic pH. Increased cardiac ACE2 levels due to ACEIs and ARBs can trigger cardiac arrhythmias and myocarditis by causing the virus to easily enter the heart tissue. There is ACE2 activity in the rostral ventrolateral medulla in the brain stem. The release of angiotensin 1-7 in the brain stem leads to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system. This activation causes systemic vasoconstriction and the patient's blood pressure increases. The most important event is the increased sympathetic activity via the central stimulation, this activity increases pulmonary capillary leaking, causing the ARDS. As the cytosolic pH, which is already low in patients with diabetes will decrease further with the mechanisms mentioned above, the viral load will increase and the infection will be exacerbated. As a result, the use of ACEIs and ARBs in patients with diabetes can lead to increased morbidity and mortality of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32308494, "pmcid": "PMC7154005", "title": "Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of 26 Cases of COVID-19 Arising from Patient-to-Patient Transmission in Liaocheng, China.", "journal": "Clin Epidemiol", "authors": ["Wang, Lizhen", "Duan, Yueting", "Zhang, Wenming", "Liang, Juan", "Xu, Jianxiang", "Zhang, Yongqing", "Wu, Changgang", "Xu, Yangling", "Li, Hua"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308494", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Over 40,000 cases of coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been confirmed in China. The causative agent, 2019 novel CoV (2019-nCoV), has spread rapidly to more than 25 countries worldwide. Human-to-human transmission has accounted for most of the infections outside Wuhan. Most studies to date on COVID-19 have focused on disease etiology and the genomics of 2019-nCoV, with few reports on the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of infected patients. We report early clinical features of 26 patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted to Liaocheng Infectious Disease Hospital in Shandong Province. The median age of the 26 patients with COVID-19 in this study was 42 years. The most common occupation was retail staff (16 patients, 61.54%), with 11 patients or their family members working at the same supermarket. Only 2 patients had visited Wuhan since December 2019; the other cases of 2019-nCoV infection arose from patient-to-patient transmission. Twelve patients had more than one sign or symptom; however, seven patients had no sign or symptom. The average time from symptom onset to admission was 4.5 days. CT revealed signs of bronchitis in 2 patients and unilateral and bilateral pneumonia in 9 and 15 patients, respectively. The patients received the following treatments: antiviral therapy (100%), Chinese medicine (76.92%), antibiotics (50%), gastric mucosal protection (19.23%), immunotherapy (7.69%), and glucocorticoids (3.85%). Most patients (25/26) required \u22651 treatment. In contrast to previous reports, most patients (24/26) had not been in close contact with individuals from Wuhan. Additionally, 11 patients or their family members worked at the same supermarket, suggesting active viral transmission in a location frequented by a large number of people. Close monitoring is essential for preventing the large-scale spread of the virus in such places."}, {"pmid": 32297225, "pmcid": "PMC7159988", "title": "Dealing with COVID-19 in a Pediatric Rheumatology Unit in Italy.", "journal": "Paediatr Drugs", "authors": ["Costi, Stefania", "Caporali, Roberto", "Cimaz, Rolando"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297225", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312628, "pmcid": "PMC7158817", "title": "Guillain Barre syndrome associated with COVID-19 infection: A case report.", "journal": "J Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Sedaghat, Zahra", "Karimi, Narges"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312628", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel outbreak with coronavirus 2019 began since 31 December 2019. Coronaviruses can cause multiple systemic infections that respiratory complications are the most obvious symptoms. In this report, we describe the symptoms of Guillain Barre syndrome (GBS) in one infected patient with COVID-19, for the first time. We reported a 65-years- old male patient with complaints of acute progressive symmetric ascending quadriparesis. Two weeks prior to hospitalization, the patient suffered from cough, fever, and RT-PCR was reported positive for COVID-19 infection. The electrodiagnostic test showed that the patient is an AMSAN variant of GBS. COVID-19 stimulates inflammatory cells and produces various inflammatory cytokines and as a result, it creates immune-mediated processes. GBS is an immune-mediated disorder and molecular mimicry as a mechanism of autoimmune disorder plays an important role in creating it. It is unclear whether COVID-19 induces the production of antibodies against specific gangliosides. Further investigations should be conducted about the mechanism of GBS in patients with COVID-19, in the future."}, {"pmid": 32473161, "pmcid": "PMC7255246", "title": "On the benefits of flattening the curve: A perspective.", "journal": "Math Biosci", "authors": ["Feng, Zhilan", "Glasser, John W", "Hill, Andrew N"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473161", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The many variations on a graphic illustrating the impact of non-pharmaceutical measures to mitigate pandemic influenza that have appeared in recent news reports about COVID-19 suggest a need to better explain the mechanism by which social distancing reduces the spread of infectious diseases. And some reports understate one benefit of reducing the frequency or proximity of interpersonal encounters, a reduction in the total number of infections. In hopes that understanding will increase compliance, we describe how social distancing (a) reduces the peak incidence of infections, (b) delays the occurrence of this peak, and (c) reduces the total number of infections during epidemics. In view of the extraordinary efforts underway to identify existing medications that are active against SARS-CoV-2 and to develop new antiviral drugs, vaccines and antibody therapies, any of which may have community-level effects, we also describe how pharmaceutical interventions affect transmission."}, {"pmid": 32529015, "pmcid": "PMC7274094", "title": "Data on corona-virus readiness strategies influencing customer satisfaction and customer behavioural intentions in South African retail stores.", "journal": "Data Brief", "authors": ["Rukuni, Tarisai Fritz", "Maziriri, Eugine Tafadzwa"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529015", "countries": ["South Africa"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article presents raw inferential statistical data that determined the coronavirus readiness strategies at retail stores in South Africa and their consequences for consumer behavioural intentions. The data was collected from customers within the metropolitan area of Bloemfontein. The data were analysed using a quantitative approach. Structured questionnaires were provided to customers throughout South Africa's Bloemfontein metropolitan area. Reliability and validity were confirmed. The data was presented using Structural Equation modelling (SEM) using the Smart PLS program. The analysis of the SEM path shows estimates of the interconnectivity of the major constructs in the data. The findings from this dataset show that sanitised retail entrances, sanitised retail counters and sanitised retail shelves had a statistically significant effect on customer satisfaction with covid-19 readiness in retail stores. Furthermore, the data reveals that retail social distancing and senior citizens shopping hours had a statistically insignificant effect on customer satisfaction with covid-19 readiness. Moreover, the data reveals that customer satisfaction with covid-19 readiness strategies of retail stores also had a positive and statistically significant effect on customer behavioural intentions."}, {"pmid": 32398222, "title": "Covid-19: Pandemic exposes inequalities in global food systems.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wise, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398222", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369601, "pmcid": "PMC7239150", "title": "Neuro-oncology Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic With a Focus on WHO Grade III and IV Gliomas.", "journal": "Neuro Oncol", "authors": ["Bernhardt, Denise", "Wick, Wolfgang", "Weiss, Stephanie E", "Sahgal, Arjun", "Lo, Simon S", "Suh, John H", "Chang, Eric L", "Foote, Matthew", "Perry, James", "Meyer, Bernhard", "Vajkoczy, Peter", "Wen, Patrick Y", "Straube, Christoph", "Pigorsch, Steffi", "Wilkens, Jan J", "Combs, Stephanie E"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369601", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Because of the increased risk in cancer patients of developing complications caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), physicians have to balance the competing risks of the negative impact of the pandemic and the primary tumor. In this consensus statement, an international group of experts present mitigation strategies and treatment guidance for patients suffering from high grade gliomas (HGG) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. 16 international experts in the treatment of HGG contributed to this consensus-based practice recommendation including neuro-oncologists, neurosurgeons, radiation -oncologists and a medical physicist. Generally, treatment of neuro-oncological patients cannot be significantly delayed and initiating therapy should not be outweighed by COVID-19. We present detailed interdisciplinary treatment strategies for molecular subgroups in two pandemic scenarios, a scale-up phase and a crisis phase. This practice recommendation presents a pragmatic framework and consensus-based mitigation strategies for the treatment of HGG patients during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32479827, "pmcid": "PMC7259910", "title": "Cancer and COVID-19: what do we really know?", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Poortmans, Philip M", "Guarneri, Valentina", "Cardoso, Maria-Joao"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479827", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312018, "title": "Imaging features and mechanisms of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19): Study Protocol Clinical Trial (SPIRIT Compliant).", "journal": "Medicine (Baltimore)", "authors": ["Huang, Zixing", "Zhao, Shuang", "Xu, Lin", "Chen, Jianxin", "Lin, Wei", "Zeng, Hanjiang", "Chen, Zhixia", "Du, Liang", "Shi, Yujun", "Zhang, Na", "Song, Bin"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312018", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus, tentatively designated as 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV), now called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, emerged in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019 and which continues to expand. On February 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) named the disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). On February 28, WHO increased our assessment of the risk of spread and the risk of impact of COVID-19 to very high at a global level. The COVID-19 poses significant threats to international health.Computed tomography (CT) has been an important imaging modality in assisting in the diagnosis and management of patients withCOVID-19. Some retrospective imaging studies have reported chest CT findings of COVID-19 in the past 2 months, suggesting that several CT findings may be characteristic. To our knowledge, there has been no prospective multicentre imaging study of COVID-19 to date.We proposed a hypothesis: There are some specific CT features on Chest CT of COVID-19 patients. And the mechanism of these CT features is explicable based on pathological findings. To investigate the specific CT features of COVID-19 and the formation mechanism of these CT features. This study is a prospective multicenter observational study. We will recruit 100 patients with COVID-19 at 55 hospitals. All patients undergo chest CT examination with the same scan protocol. The distribution and morphology of lesions on chest CT, clinical data will be recorded. A number of patients will be pathologically examined after permission is granted. The data of these three aspects will be analyzed synthetically. This study will help us to identify the chest CT features of COVID-19 and its mechanism. This retrospective study was approved by the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of West China Hospital of Sichuan University (No. 2020-140). Written informed consent will be obtained from all study participants prior to enrollment in the study. To protect privacy of participants, all private information were kept anonymous. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will be disseminated electronically and in print regardless of results."}, {"pmid": 32275766, "pmcid": "PMC7262296", "title": "Point-of-care lung ultrasound in patients with COVID-19 - a narrative review.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Smith, M J", "Hayward, S A", "Innes, S M", "Miller, A S C"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275766", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Ultrasound imaging of the lung and associated tissues may play an important role in the management of patients with COVID-19-associated lung injury. Compared with other monitoring modalities, such as auscultation or radiographic imaging, we argue lung ultrasound has high diagnostic accuracy, is ergonomically favourable and has fewer infection control implications. By informing the initiation, escalation, titration and weaning of respiratory support, lung ultrasound can be integrated into COVID-19 care pathways for patients with respiratory failure. Given the unprecedented pressure on healthcare services currently, supporting and educating clinicians is a key enabler of the wider implementation of lung ultrasound. This narrative review provides a summary of evidence and clinical guidance for the use and interpretation of lung ultrasound for patients with moderate, severe and critical COVID-19-associated lung injury. Mechanisms by which the potential lung ultrasound workforce can be deployed are explored, including a pragmatic approach to training, governance, imaging, interpretation of images and implementation of lung ultrasound into routine clinical practice."}, {"pmid": 32329044, "title": "Neurological complications of coronavirus and COVID-19.", "journal": "Rev Neurol", "authors": ["Carod-Artal, F J"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329044", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clinical and experimental studies have shown that the coronavirus family has a certain tropism for the central nervous system. Seven types of coronavirus can infect humans. Coronaviruses are not always confined to the respiratory tract, and under certain conditions they can invade the central nervous system and cause neurological pathologies. The potential for neuroinvasion is well documented in most human coronaviruses (OC-43, 229E, MERS and SARS) and in some animal coronaviruses (porcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis coronavirus). Neurological symptoms have been reported in patients affected by COVID-19, such as headache, dizziness, myalgia and anosmia, as well as cases of encephalopathy, encephalitis, necrotising haemorrhagic encephalopathy, stroke, epileptic seizures, rhabdomyolysis and Guillain-Barre syndrome, associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Future epidemiological studies and case records should elucidate the real incidence of these neurological complications, their pathogenic mechanisms and their therapeutic options."}, {"pmid": 32358960, "pmcid": "PMC7197588", "title": "Evaluation of COVID-19 RT-qPCR test in multi-sample pools.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Yelin, Idan", "Aharony, Noga", "Shaer Tamar, Einat", "Argoetti, Amir", "Messer, Esther", "Berenbaum, Dina", "Shafran, Einat", "Kuzli, Areen", "Gandali, Nagham", "Shkedi, Omer", "Hashimshony, Tamar", "Mandel-Gutfreund, Yael", "Halberthal, Michael", "Geffen, Yuval", "Szwarcwort-Cohen, Moran", "Kishony, Roy"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358960", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 lead to a current pandemic of unprecedented scale. Though diagnostic tests are fundamental to the ability to detect and respond, overwhelmed healthcare systems are already experiencing shortages of reagents associated with this test, calling for a lean immediately-applicable protocol. RNA extracts of positive samples were tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 using RT-qPCR, alone or in pools of different sizes (2-, 4-, 8- ,16-, 32- and 64-sample pools) with negative samples. Transport media of additional 3 positive samples were also tested when mixed with transport media of negative samples in pools of 8. A single positive sample can be detected in pools of up to 32 samples, using the standard kits and protocols, with an estimated false negative rate of 10%. Detection of positive samples diluted in even up to 64 samples may also be attainable, though may require additional amplification cycles. Single positive samples can be detected when pooling either after or prior to RNA extraction. As it uses the standard protocols, reagents and equipment, this pooling method can be applied immediately in current clinical testing laboratories. We hope that such implementation of a pool test for COVID-19 would allow expanding current screening capacities thereby enabling the expansion of detection in the community, as well as in close organic groups, such as hospital departments, army units, or factory shifts."}, {"pmid": 32282025, "pmcid": "PMC7184378", "title": "Donning and doffing of personal protective equipment (PPE) for angiography during the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["John, Thadathilankal-Jess", "Hassan, Karim", "Weich, Hellmuth"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282025", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393562, "pmcid": "PMC7214001", "title": "COVID-19: Notes From the Front Line, Singapore's Primary Health Care Perspective.", "journal": "Ann Fam Med", "authors": ["Lim, Wei Han", "Wong, Wei Mon"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393562", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly progressing global pandemic against which nations are struggling for containment. Singapore is known to have promptly instituted aggressive public health and containment measures. A key pillar sustaining this is the response of its primary health care network. It is important for health care systems worldwide to recognize the value of a strong coordinated response to this crisis from a primary health perspective. There are best practices for early isolation and containment of suspect cases while protecting health care workers and limiting cross infections that are transferable across nations. We describe our framework for how our primary care clinics respond to this pandemic in the hope others may find solutions to their unique needs. Moving forward, there is a pressing need for more studies to enhance our understanding of the response of primary care during these public health crises."}, {"pmid": 32464157, "pmcid": "PMC7247510", "title": "Cutaneous hyperesthesia: A novel manifestation of COVID-19.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Krajewski, Piotr K", "Szepietowski, Jacek C", "Maj, Joanna"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464157", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32310612, "title": "Cardiac Manifestations Of Coronavirus (COVID-19)", "journal": "StatPearls", "authors": ["Basu-Ray, Indranill", "Almaddah, Nureddin k.", "Adeboye, Adedayo", "Soos, Michael P."], "date": "2020-04-21T11:01:00Z", "_id": "32310612", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32276732, "pmcid": "PMC7132500", "title": "Hearing loss and COVID-19: A note.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Sriwijitalai, Won", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276732", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32195705, "pmcid": "PMC7155908", "title": "Intubation and Ventilation amid the COVID-19 Outbreak: Wuhan's Experience.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Meng, Lingzhong", "Qiu, Haibo", "Wan, Li", "Ai, Yuhang", "Xue, Zhanggang", "Guo, Qulian", "Deshpande, Ranjit", "Zhang, Lina", "Meng, Jie", "Tong, Chuanyao", "Liu, Hong", "Xiong, Lize"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32195705", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak has led to 80,409 diagnosed cases and 3,012 deaths in mainland China based on the data released on March 4, 2020. Approximately 3.2% of patients with COVID-19 required intubation and invasive ventilation at some point in the disease course. Providing best practices regarding intubation and ventilation for an overwhelming number of patients with COVID-19 amid an enhanced risk of cross-infection is a daunting undertaking. The authors presented the experience of caring for the critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan. It is extremely important to follow strict self-protection precautions. Timely, but not premature, intubation is crucial to counter a progressively enlarging oxygen debt despite high-flow oxygen therapy and bilevel positive airway pressure ventilation. Thorough preparation, satisfactory preoxygenation, modified rapid sequence induction, and rapid intubation using a video laryngoscope are widely used intubation strategies in Wuhan. Lung-protective ventilation, prone position ventilation, and adequate sedation and analgesia are essential components of ventilation management."}, {"pmid": 32419558, "title": "Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety and depressive symptoms in pregnant women: a preliminary study.", "journal": "J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med", "authors": ["Durankus, Ferit", "Aksu, Erson"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419558", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak that began in China has turned into a pandemic that threatens global health, thereby prompting the concentration of studies and clinical routines on treating and preventing the disease. However, research on the psychological effects of the pandemic on the general population, particularly pregnant women, is lacking. Accordingly, the present study investigated the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on depression and anxiety in pregnant women.Study design: An anonymous survey for assessing depression and anxiety in pregnant women was designed, after which a link to the online questionnaire was sent to the participants, who were being treated in a private medical center. One of the researchers followed up with the respondents, among whom 260 returned their questionnaires.Results: Among the respondents, 35.4% (n\u2009=\u200992, case group) obtained scores higher than 13 on the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS). The comparison of the groups by years of education indicated statistically significant effects of COVID-19 on psychology, social isolation, and mean scores in the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). These effects were more severe in the case group than in the control group (psychology: 8.369\u2009\u00b1\u20092.003, social isolation: 8.000\u2009\u00b1\u20092.507, mean BDI and BAI scores: 20.565\u2009\u00b1\u20096.605 and 22.087\u2009\u00b1\u20098.689, respectively). A regression analysis revealed that the BDI scores and the disease's psychological effects, as well as the BAI scores and the illness's social isolation effects, exerted a statistically significant influence on the EPDS scores of the participants.Conclusion: This study illustrated the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the depression and anxiety levels of pregnant women. Our results point to an urgent need to provide psychosocial support to this population during the crisis. Otherwise, adverse events may occur during pregnancy and thus affect both mother and fetus."}, {"pmid": 32409311, "title": "Novel Coronavirus: What Neuroradiologists Should Do.", "journal": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Jain, C", "Bhatia, V", "Kumar, A"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409311", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376170, "pmcid": "PMC7175890", "title": "Resource Reallocation during the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Suburban Hospital System: Implications for Outpatient Hip and Knee Arthroplasty.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["Meneghini, R Michael"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376170", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID pandemic of 2020 has emerged as a global threat to patients, health care providers, and to the global economy. Owing to this particular novel and highly infectious strain of coronavirus, the rapid community spread and clinical severity of the subsequent respiratory syndrome created a substantial strain on hospitals and health care systems around the world. The rapid surge of patients presenting over a small period for emergent clinical care, admission to the hospital, and intensive care units with many requiring mechanically assisted ventilators for respiratory support demonstrated the potential to overwhelm health care workers, hospitals, and health care systems. The purpose of this article is to describe an effective system for redeployment of health care supplies, resources, and personnel to hospitals within a suburban academic hospital system to optimize the care of COVID patients, while treating orthopedic patients in an equally ideal setting to maximize their surgical and clinical care. This article will provide a particular focus on the current and future role of a specialty hip and knee hospital and its partnering ambulatory surgery center in the context of an outpatient arthroplasty program."}, {"pmid": 32434625, "pmcid": "PMC7264456", "title": "The Double-Edged Sword of Iranian Social Media Against COVID-19.", "journal": "Prehosp Disaster Med", "authors": ["Peyravi, Mahmoudreza", "Ahmadi Marzaleh, Milad"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434625", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398917, "pmcid": "PMC7217096", "title": "Perioperative COVID-19 testing of orthopedic patients: Current evidence.", "journal": "J Clin Orthop Trauma", "authors": ["Kumar, Arvind", "Kumar, Ashok", "Das, Saubhik"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398917", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241097, "title": "Echocardiography during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: expert opinion of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the Polish Cardiac Society.", "journal": "Kardiol Pol", "authors": ["Gackowski, Andrzej", "Lipczynska, Magdalena", "Lipiec, Piotr", "Szymanski, Piotr"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241097", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography may be required in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201119), resulting in direct contact with the patient and risk of transmitting the infection from patients to medical personnel. Therefore, we recommend to perform problem\u2011oriented time\u2011limited transthoracic examinations. Whenever possible, examinations should be analyzed offline, outside the isolation zones. Transesophageal echocardiography is considered an aerosol\u2011generating procedure and should be performed only as a lifesaving procedure. Personnel should use appropriate personal protection equipment in the immediate vicinity of the patients in accordance with the relevant guidelines."}, {"pmid": 32231171, "title": "Hypertension in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pooled analysis.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Wong, Johnny", "Henry, Brandon M"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32231171", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201119) was recognized, the clinical predictors of severe or fatal course of the disease should be identified to enable risk stratification and to allocate limited resources optimally. Hypertension has been widely reported to be associated with increased disease severity; however, some studies reported different findings. The study aimed to evaluate the association between hypertension and severe and fatal COVID\u201119. The Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify studies reporting the rate of hypertensive patients in the population diagnosed with severe or nonsevere COVID\u201119 or in COVID-19 survivors and nonsurvivors. The obtained data were pooled into a meta\u2011analysis to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs. Hypertension was associated with a nearly 2.5\u2011fold increased risk of severe COVID\u201119 (OR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.98-3.12; I2 = 24%), as well as with a similarly significant higher mortality risk (OR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.51-3.90; I2 = 0%). In a meta\u2011regression analysis, a correlation was observed between an increase in the mean age of patients with severe COVID\u201119 and an increased log OR of hypertension and COVID-19 severity (P = 0.03). This pooled analysis of the current literature would suggest that hypertension may be associated with an up to 2.5\u2011fold higher risk of severe or fatal COVID\u201119, especially in older individuals."}, {"pmid": 32519663, "title": "[The Challenge of Rehabilitation Medicine in Portugal During the COVID-19 Pandemic].", "journal": "Acta Med Port", "authors": ["Martins, Cristiana Lopes", "Rios, Jonathan"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519663", "countries": ["Portugal"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495923, "title": "COVID-19: a conundrum to decipher.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Deshmukh, V", "Tripathi, S C", "Pandey, A", "Deshmukh, V", "Vykoukal, J", "Patil, A", "Sontakke, B"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495923", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent worldwide outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of respiratory coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a current, ongoing life-threatening crisis, and international public health emergency. The early diagnosis and management of the disease remains a major challenge. In this review, we aim to summarize the updated epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, as well as prevention and control of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. A broad search of the literature was performed in \"PubMed\" \"Medline\" \"Web of Science\", \"Google Scholar\" and \"World Health Organization-WHO\" using the keywords \"severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus\", \"2019-nCoV\", \"COVID-19, \"SARS\", \"SARS-CoV-2\" \"Epidemiology\" \"Transmission\" \"Pathogenesis\" \"Clinical Characteristics\". We reviewed and documented the information obtained from literature on epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical appearances of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The global cases of COVID-19 as of April 2, 2020, have risen to more than 900,000 and morbidity has reached more than 47,000. The incidence rate for COVID-19 has been predicted to be higher than the previous outbreaks of other coronavirus family members, including those of SARS-CoV and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The main clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection ranges from asymptomatic stages to severe lower respiratory infection in the form of pneumonia. Most of the patients also presented with fever, cough, sore throat, headache, fatigue, myalgia and breathlessness. Individuals at higher risk for severe illness include elderly people and patients with a weakened immune system or that are suffering from an underlying chronic medical condition like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cancer, respiratory illness or cardiovascular diseases. SARS-Cov-2 has emerged as a worldwide threat, currently affecting 170 countries and territories across the globe. There is still much to be understood regarding SARS-CoV-2 about its virology, epidemiology and clinical management strategies; this knowledge will be essential to both manage the current pandemic and to conceive comprehensive measures to prevent such outbreaks in the future."}, {"pmid": 32371066, "pmcid": "PMC7194055", "title": "Rapid expansion of temporary, reliable airborne-infection isolation rooms with negative air machines for critical COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Lee, Joon Kee", "Jeong, Hye Won"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371066", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "More airborne-infection isolation rooms are needed in centers that treat severely affected coronavirus 2019 patients. Wards and rooms must be carefully checked to ensure an ample supply of medical air and oxygen. Anterooms adjacent to airborne-infection isolation rooms are required to maintain pressure differentials and provide an area for donning/doffing or disinfecting medical equipment."}, {"pmid": 32330105, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: Critical Care Allocated in Extremis.", "journal": "Am J Bioeth", "authors": ["Goold, Susan Dorr"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330105", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325458, "title": "COVID-19 and Neonatal Resuscitation.", "journal": "Neonatology", "authors": ["Halliday, Henry L", "Speer, Christian P"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325458", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491212, "title": "Circulating endothelial cells in COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Nizzoli, Maria Elena", "Merati, Gabriele", "Tenore, Annamaria", "Picone, Cristina", "Consensi, Erica", "Perotti, Luciano", "Ferretti, Virginia Valeria", "Sambo, Margherita", "Di Sabatino, Antonio", "Iotti, Giorgio Antonio", "Arcaini, Luca", "Bruno, Raffaele", "Belliato, Mirko"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491212", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419754, "pmcid": "PMC7213029", "title": "COVID-19 and Underlying Cerebrovascular Disease: Analysis on Association.", "journal": "Ann Indian Acad Neurol", "authors": ["Sookaromdee, Pathum", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419754", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355606, "pmcid": "PMC7190458", "title": "COVID-19 and digital epidemiology.", "journal": "Z Gesundh Wiss", "authors": ["Kalteh, Ehsan Allah", "Rajabi, Abdolhalim"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355606", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299330, "title": "COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 11 (Reporting week to 23:59 AEST 12 April 2020).", "journal": "Commun Dis Intell (2018)", "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299330", "countries": ["Australia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Confirmed cases in Australia notified up to 12 April 2020: notifications = 6,394; deaths = 46. The reduction in international travel and domestic movement, social distancing measures and public health action have likely slowed the spread of the disease. Notifications in Australia remain predominantly among people with recent overseas travel, with some locally-acquired cases being detected. Most locally-acquired cases are able to be linked back to a confirmed case, with a small portion unable to be epidemiologically linked. The distribution of overseas-acquired cases to locally acquired cases varies by jurisdiction. Internationally, cases continue to increase. The rates of increase have started to slow in several regions, although it is too soon to tell whether this trend will be sustained. The epidemiology differs from country to country depending not only on the disease, but also on differences in case detection, testing and implemented public health measures."}, {"pmid": 32356927, "pmcid": "PMC7267124", "title": "Consideration of the Aerosol Transmission for COVID-19 and Public Health.", "journal": "Risk Anal", "authors": ["Anderson, Elizabeth L", "Turnham, Paul", "Griffin, John R", "Clarke, Chester C"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356927", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article analyzes the available evidence to address airborne, aerosol transmission of the SARS-CoV-2. We review and present three lines of evidence: case reports of transmission for asymptomatic individuals in association with studies that show that normal breathing and talking produce predominantly small droplets of the size that are subject to aerosol transport; limited empirical data that have recorded aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 particles that remain suspended in the air for hours and are subject to transport over distances including outside of rooms and intrabuilding, and the broader literature that further supports the importance of aerosol transmission of infectious diseases. The weight of the available evidence warrants immediate attention to address the significance of aerosols and implications for public health protection."}, {"pmid": 32355904, "pmcid": "PMC7186508", "title": "To mask or not to mask: Modeling the potential for face mask use by the general public to curtail the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Infect Dis Model", "authors": ["Eikenberry, Steffen E", "Mancuso, Marina", "Iboi, Enahoro", "Phan, Tin", "Eikenberry, Keenan", "Kuang, Yang", "Kostelich, Eric", "Gumel, Abba B"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355904", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Face mask use by the general public for limiting the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic is controversial, though increasingly recommended, and the potential of this intervention is not well understood. We develop a compartmental model for assessing the community-wide impact of mask use by the general, asymptomatic public, a portion of which may be asymptomatically infectious. Model simulations, using data relevant to COVID-19 dynamics in the US states of New York and Washington, suggest that broad adoption of even relatively ineffective face masks may meaningfully reduce community transmission of COVID-19 and decrease peak hospitalizations and deaths. Moreover, mask use decreases the effective transmission rate in nearly linear proportion to the product of mask effectiveness (as a fraction of potentially infectious contacts blocked) and coverage rate (as a fraction of the general population), while the impact on epidemiologic outcomes (death, hospitalizations) is highly nonlinear, indicating masks could synergize with other non-pharmaceutical measures. Notably, masks are found to be useful with respect to both preventing illness in healthy persons and preventing asymptomatic transmission. Hypothetical mask adoption scenarios, for Washington and New York state, suggest that immediate near universal (80%) adoption of moderately (50%) effective masks could prevent on the order of 17-45% of projected deaths over two months in New York, while decreasing the peak daily death rate by 34-58%, absent other changes in epidemic dynamics. Even very weak masks (20% effective) can still be useful if the underlying transmission rate is relatively low or decreasing: In Washington, where baseline transmission is much less intense, 80% adoption of such masks could reduce mortality by 24-65% (and peak deaths 15-69%), compared to 2-9% mortality reduction in New York (peak death reduction 9-18%). Our results suggest use of face masks by the general public is potentially of high value in curtailing community transmission and the burden of the pandemic. The community-wide benefits are likely to be greatest when face masks are used in conjunction with other non-pharmaceutical practices (such as social-distancing), and when adoption is nearly universal (nation-wide) and compliance is high."}, {"pmid": 32330439, "pmcid": "PMC7173813", "title": "Connecting clusters of COVID-19: an epidemiological and serological investigation.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Yong, Sarah Ee Fang", "Anderson, Danielle Elizabeth", "Wei, Wycliffe E", "Pang, Junxiong", "Chia, Wan Ni", "Tan, Chee Wah", "Teoh, Yee Leong", "Rajendram, Priyanka", "Toh, Matthias Paul Han Sim", "Poh, Cuiqin", "Koh, Valerie T J", "Lum, Joshua", "Suhaimi, Nur-Afidah Md", "Chia, Po Ying", "Chen, Mark I-Cheng", "Vasoo, Shawn", "Ong, Benjamin", "Leo, Yee Sin", "Wang, Linfa", "Lee, Vernon J M"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330439", "countries": ["Singapore", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Elucidation of the chain of disease transmission and identification of the source of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections are crucial for effective disease containment. We describe an epidemiological investigation that, with use of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serological assays, established links between three clusters of COVID-19. In Singapore, active case-finding and contact tracing were undertaken for all COVID-19 cases. Diagnosis for acute disease was confirmed with RT-PCR testing. When epidemiological information suggested that people might have been nodes of disease transmission but had recovered from illness, SARS-CoV-2 IgG serology testing was used to establish past infection. Three clusters of COVID-19, comprising 28 locally transmitted cases, were identified in Singapore; these clusters were from two churches (Church A and Church B) and a family gathering. The clusters in Church A and Church B were linked by an individual from Church A (A2), who transmitted SARS-CoV-2 infection to the primary case from Church B (F1) at a family gathering they both attended on Jan 25, 2020. All cases were confirmed by RT-PCR testing because they had active disease, except for A2, who at the time of testing had recovered from their illness and tested negative. This individual was eventually diagnosed with past infection by serological testing. ELISA assays showed an optical density of more than 1\u00b74 for SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein and receptor binding domain antigens in titres up to 1/400, and viral neutralisation was noted in titres up to 1/320. Development and application of a serological assay has helped to establish connections between COVID-19 clusters in Singapore. Serological testing can have a crucial role in identifying convalescent cases or people with milder disease who might have been missed by other surveillance methods. National Research Foundation (Singapore), National Natural Science Foundation (China), and National Medical Research Council (Singapore)."}, {"pmid": 32514230, "pmcid": "PMC7268587", "title": "The COVID-19 response must integrate people living with HIV needs in Sub-Saharan Africa: the case of Mali.", "journal": "Trop Med Health", "authors": ["Sagaon-Teyssier, Luis", "Yattassaye, Adam", "Bourrelly, Michel", "Dembele Keita, Bintou", "Spire, Bruno"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514230", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first COVID-19 cases in Mali were reported almost 1 month after the first case in the African continent. However, the outbreak continues to spread faster there than in other countries which, along with Mali, successfully tackled the 2014 Ebola outbreak in Africa. Given this context, specific actions targeting people living with HIV (PLWH) are needed to reinforce prevention. Community-based involvement is crucial to ensure continuity of care and treatment for PLWH. Furthermore, the health of frontline healthcare workers must take priority in any actions taken. The long-established trustful relationship between NGOs and PLWH in Mali is indispensable to disseminate key messages about COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32259195, "pmcid": "PMC7143156", "title": "Intersecting U.S. Epidemics: COVID-19 and Lack of Health Insurance.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Woolhandler, Steffie", "Himmelstein, David U"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259195", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452046, "title": "Racial Disparities in COVID-19 Deaths Reveal Harsh Truths About Structural Inequality in America.", "journal": "J Intern Med", "authors": ["Anyane-Yeboa, Adjoa", "Sato, Toshiro", "Sakuraba, Atsushi"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452046", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has unveiled the stark racial disparities that are present in United States (US) and other developed countries today. In recent weeks, several states have released demographic data that highlights the disproportionate rate of COVID-19 infections in racial/ethnic minorities1 . These disparities are likely a result of the structural inequities that minorities face due to factors such as racism, neighborhood segregation, income, housing and education inequality, and poor access to medical care."}, {"pmid": 32283217, "pmcid": "PMC7151464", "title": "WITHDRAWN: Mortality of a pregnant patient diagnosed with COVID-19: A case report with clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Karami, Parisa", "Naghavi, Maliheh", "Feyzi, Abdolamir", "Aghamohammadi, Mehdi", "Novin, Mohammad Sadegh", "Mobaien, Ahmadreza", "Qorbanisani, Mohamad", "Karami, Aida", "Norooznezhad, Amir Hossein"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283217", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517773, "title": "Systemic hypoferremia and severity of hypoxemic respiratory failure in COVID-19.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Shah, Akshay", "Frost, Joe N", "Aaron, Louise", "Donovan, Killian", "Drakesmith, Hal"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517773", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32159254, "pmcid": "PMC7228262", "title": "Where are we now with COVID-19?", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Thomson, George A"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32159254", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32067043, "pmcid": "PMC7107453", "title": "A Familial Cluster of Infection Associated With the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Indicating Possible Person-to-Person Transmission During the Incubation Period.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Yu, Ping", "Zhu, Jiang", "Zhang, Zhengdong", "Han, Yingjun"], "date": "2020-02-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32067043", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An ongoing outbreak of pneumonia associated with 2019 novel coronavirus was reported in China. It is unclear whether the virus is infective exists during the incubation period, although person-to-person transmission has been reported elsewhere. We report the epidemiological features of a familial cluster of 4 patients in Shanghai, including an 88-year-old man with limited mobility who was exposed only to asymptomatic family members whose symptoms developed later. The epidemiological evidence has shown possible transmission of 2019 novel coronavirus during the incubation period."}, {"pmid": 32344202, "pmcid": "PMC7161485", "title": "Impact of immune enhancement on Covid-19 polyclonal hyperimmune globulin therapy and vaccine development.", "journal": "EBioMedicine", "authors": ["de Alwis, Ruklanthi", "Chen, Shiwei", "Gan, Esther S", "Ooi, Eng Eong"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344202", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic spread of a novel coronavirus - SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a cause of acute respiratory illness, named Covid-19, is placing the healthcare systems of many countries under unprecedented stress. Global economies are also spiraling towards a recession in fear of this new life-threatening disease. Vaccines that prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and therapeutics that reduces the risk of severe Covid-19 are thus urgently needed. A rapid method to derive antiviral treatment for Covid-19 is the use of convalescent plasma derived hyperimmune globulin. However, both hyperimmune globulin and vaccine development face a common hurdle - the risk of antibody-mediated disease enhancement. The goal of this review is to examine the body of evidence supporting the hypothesis of immune enhancement that could be pertinent to Covid-19. We also discuss how this risk could be mitigated so that both hyperimmune globulin and vaccines could be rapidly translated to overcome the current global health crisis."}, {"pmid": 32331343, "pmcid": "PMC7215653", "title": "Sex-Specific SARS-CoV-2 Mortality: Among Hormone-Modulated ACE2 Expression, Risk of Venous Thromboembolism and Hypovitaminosis D.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["La Vignera, Sandro", "Cannarella, Rossella", "Condorelli, Rosita A", "Torre, Francesco", "Aversa, Antonio", "Calogero, Aldo E"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331343", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) appears to have a higher mortality rate in presence of comorbidities and in men. The latter suggests the presence of a possible sex-dependent susceptibility. An enzymatic system involved in this different predisposition could be represented by angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). ACE2 is activated and down-regulated by the spike protein of the virus and allows the penetration of SARS-CoV-2 into epithelial cells and myocardium. Data on the experimental animal have shown that 17\u00df-estradiol increases the expression and activity of ACE2 in both adipose tissue and kidney. Spontaneously hypertensive male mice have a higher myocardial ACE2 expression than females and its levels decrease after orchiectomy. In addition to this first aspect, the recent evidence of an increased frequency of venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19 (a clinical element associated with a worse prognosis) calls the attention on the safety of treatment with testosterone, in particular in hypogonadal men with greater genetic predisposition. Evidence that sex hormones are able to modulate the expression of ACE2 could help in interpreting epidemiological results and in designing more appropriate intervention strategies. Moreover, the vitamin D deficiency in elderly men may be worthy of further study regarding the epidemiological aspects of this different susceptibility and lethality between sexes."}, {"pmid": 32425656, "pmcid": "PMC7232930", "title": "The COVID-19 challenge to cardiac electrophysiologists: optimizing resources at a referral center.", "journal": "J Interv Card Electrophysiol", "authors": ["Mazzone, Patrizio", "Peretto, Giovanni", "Radinovic, Andrea", "Limite, Luca Rosario", "Marzi, Alessandra", "Sala, Simone", "Cireddu, Manuela", "Vegara, Pasquale", "Baratto, Francesca", "Paglino, Gabriele", "D'Angelo, Giuseppe", "Cianfanelli, Lorenzo", "Altizio, Savino", "Lipartiti, Felicia", "Frontera, Antonio", "Bisceglia, Caterina", "Gulletta, Simone", "Bella, Paolo Della"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425656", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe how a referral center for cardiac electrophysiology (EP) rapidly changed to comply with the ongoing COVID-19 healthcare emergency. We present retrospective data about the modification of daily activities at our EP unit, following the pandemic outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Italy. In particular, in the context of a pre-existing \"hub-and-spoke\" network, we describe how procedure types and volumes have changed in the last 3\u00a0months. Since our institution was selected as a COVID-19 referral center, the entire in-hospital activity was reorganized to assist more than 1000 COVID-positive cases. Only urgent EP procedures, including ventricular tachycardia ablation and extraction of infected devices, were both maintained and optimized to meet the needs of external hospitals. In addition, most of the non-urgent EP procedures were postponed. Finally, following prompt internal reorganization, both outpatient clinics and on-call services underwent significant modification, by integrating telemedicine support whenever applicable. We presented the fast reorganization of an EP referral center during the ongoing COVID-19 healthcare emergency. Our hub-and-spoke model may be useful for other centers, aiming at a cost-effective management of resources in the context of a global crisis."}, {"pmid": 32335765, "pmcid": "PMC7183392", "title": "Humanistic Epidemiology: Love in the time of cholera, COVID-19 and other outbreaks.", "journal": "Eur J Epidemiol", "authors": ["Soriano, Joan B"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335765", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371101, "pmcid": "PMC7194066", "title": "The correlation between SARS-CoV-2 infection and rheumatic disease.", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Gao, Zhao-Wei", "Wang, Xi", "Lin, Fang", "Dong, Ke"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371101", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353898, "pmcid": "PMC7267318", "title": "Histopathology and genetic susceptibility in COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["von der Thusen, Jan", "van der Eerden, Menno"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353898", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The clinical features of COVID-19 range from a mild illness to patients with a very severe illness with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure requiring ventilation and Intensive Care Unit admission. Risk factors for a fatal disease include older age, respiratory disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity and hypertension. Little is known about the mechanisms behind observed episodes of sudden deterioration or the infrequent idiosyncratic clinical demise in otherwise healthy and young subjects. As in other diseases, the answer to some of these questions may in time be provided by genotyping as well careful clinical, serological, radiological and histopathological phenotyping, which enable mechanistic insights into the differences in pathogenesis and underlying immunological and tissue regenerative response patterns. We will aim to provide a brief overview of the existing evidence for such differences in host response and outcome, and generate hypotheses for divergent patterns and avenues for future research, by highlighting similarities and differences in histopathological appearance between COVID19 and influenza as well as previous coronavirus outbreaks, and by discussing predisposition through genetics and underlying disease."}, {"pmid": 32491829, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 more than a respiratory virus: Its potential role in neuropathogenesis.", "journal": "ACS Chem Neurosci", "authors": ["Singal, Chitra Mohinder Singh", "Jaiswal, Paritosh", "Seth, Pankaj"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491829", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has emerged as one of the major outbreaks to be mentioned in history in coming times. Like Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a respiratory virus infecting the lungs with fever, dry cough and acute pneumonia being the major symptoms. It infects the epithelial cells expressing Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which is crucial for the viral entry. Based on evolving clinical evidence, it is now unfitting to label SARS-CoV-2 as just a respiratory virus, as lately there are various reports that substantiate its pathogenicity in other organs of the body, including brain. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in comparison to SARS and MERS along with possibilities of viral entry into central nervous system (CNS) tissues. The review provides detailed information about the virulence, epidemiology and insights into molecular pathways involved in the infectivity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, along with in-depth view of current concepts about the neurological significance of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its neuropathological competence. The review also touches upon our current understanding of placental transmission of SARS-CoV-2, an important aspect of vertical transmission. Furthermore, the review provides the current update on strategies that have been used, being used or under trial for treating the disease."}, {"pmid": 32398286, "title": "Covid-19: Government must change course or risk further wave of infections, scientists warn.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398286", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464099, "pmcid": "PMC7247798", "title": "Tobacco smoking and COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["van Zyl-Smit, Richard N", "Richards, Guy", "Leone, Frank T"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464099", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433124, "pmcid": "PMC7255398", "title": "Saving Lives Versus Saving Dollars: The Acceptable Loss for Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Ashkenazi, Isaac", "Rapaport, Carmit"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433124", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396771, "pmcid": "PMC7256348", "title": "Remdesivir in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a simplified summary.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Hendaus, Mohamed A"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396771", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-2019) is an extremely contagious respiratory illness due to a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. Certain drugs have several protein targets and many illnesses share overlapping molecular paths. In such cases, reusing drugs for more than one objective and finding their novice uses can considerably decrease the time in finding new cures for unforeseen diseases. Remdesivir has been recently a strong candidate for the treatment of Covid-19. In this commentary, we have portrayed the structure of the coronavirus in a simple way as well as the site where remdesivir acts. We have also displayed the ongoing clinical trials, as well as a published study that was conducted on compassionate base. The covid-19 pandemic might wean down by the end of summer 2020, but the risk of seasonality exists. Therefore, future disposal of agents such as remdesivir might be crucial for ensuring an efficient treatment, decrease mortality and allow early discharge.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32439571, "pmcid": "PMC7234931", "title": "Surgical systems redesign in response to COVID-19 Invited Commentary on \"Optimizing response in surgical systems during and after COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons from China and the UK- perspective\".", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Wakam, Glenn K", "Alam, Hasan B"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439571", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348715, "pmcid": "PMC7247029", "title": "B Cells, Viruses, and the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Pandemic of 2020.", "journal": "Viral Immunol", "authors": ["Hurwitz, Julia L"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348715", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32455169, "pmcid": "PMC7178824", "title": "Preparing medical students for global challenges beyond COVID-19.", "journal": "Health Sci Rep", "authors": ["Dawidziuk, Aleksander", "Gandhewar, Rishikesh"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455169", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32204752, "title": "[Perinatal and neonatal management plan for prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 infection (2nd Edition)].", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32204752", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since late December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 infection has spread to all parts of the country and overseas, and the outbreak continues. At the end of January 2020, the Working Group for the Prevention and Control of Neonatal SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Perinatal Period of the Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics worked out the perinatal and neonatal management plan for prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 infection (1st Edition). This plan has been verified by clinical practice for 3 weeks. With the further understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 infection cases in pregnant women and neonates, it is necessary to update the first edition of the management plan so as to offer a better guide on clinical practice. Therefore, the Working Group has worked out the second edition of the management plan."}, {"pmid": 32283145, "pmcid": "PMC7194628", "title": "Evaluation of control measures for COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Wang, Ligui", "Chen, Hui", "Qiu, Shaofu", "Song, Hongbin"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283145", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399454, "pmcid": "PMC7213832", "title": "Transient ST Segment Elevation in Two Patients with COVID-19 and a Normal Transthoracic Echocardiogram.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Asif, Talal", "Ali, Zafar"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399454", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We continue to learn about cardiac involvement in patients with COVID-19. These patients can develop acute coronary syndrome and severe myocarditis with a reduced ejection fraction. We describe two critically ill COVID-19 patients who developed ST elevation that resolved on repeat ECG without any intervention. ST elevation may occur in critically ill COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32395550, "pmcid": "PMC7210151", "title": "2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia with onset of dizziness: a case report.", "journal": "Ann Transl Med", "authors": ["Kong, Zhaohong", "Wang, Jingwei", "Li, Tao", "Zhang, Zhaohui", "Jian, Jiang"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395550", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) epidemic continues, with the number of infections and deaths increasing. The respiratory tract is the main route of transmission of the virus, and the majority of symptoms are respiratory relative. Until now, there has been no reports concerning the nervous system onset. We present a 2019-nCoV patient with the onset of simple dizziness, accompanied by dry throat, no fever, no cough, no headache, no mental abnormality, and no obvious abnormality in the nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head. Meanwhile, chest computed tomography (CT) scans showed multiple small spot shadows and interstitial changes in the early stage, especially in the extrapulmonary zone. There was a development of multiple ground-glass shadows and infiltrative shadows in both lungs with mild pleural effusion. The nucleic acid gene detection was positive, and thus the diagnosis of 2019-nCoV was confirmed. At last, the prognosis was good after active treatment. After antiviral and anti-infective treatment, the symptoms recovered. We presume that 2019-nCoV can also manifest in the nervous system alone, and lung CT, which has relative specificity, should be used as a routine screening method."}, {"pmid": 32525081, "title": "Human Touch via Touchscreen: Rural nurses' experiential perspectives on telehealth use in pediatric hospice care.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Weaver, Meaghann S", "Neumann, Marie L", "Navaneethan, Hema", "Robinson, Jacob E", "Hinds, Pamela S"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525081", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Telemedicine has the potential to extend care reach and access to home-based hospice services for children. Few studies have explored nurse perspectives regarding this communication modality for rural pediatric cohorts. The objective of this qualitative study was to learn from the experiences of rural hospice nurses caring for children at the end of life using telehealth modalities to inform palliative communication. Voice-recorded qualitative interviews with rural hospice nurse telehealth users inquiring on nurse experiences with telehealth. Semantic content analysis was used. Fifteen hospice nurses representing nine rural hospice agencies were interviewed. Nurses participated in an average of eight telehealth visits in the three-months prior. Nurses were female with mean age 38 years and average 7 years hospice nursing experience. Five themes about telehealth emerged: accessible support, participant inclusion, timely communication, informed and trusted planning, and familiarity fostered. Each theme had both benefits and cautions associated as well as telehealth suggestions. Nurses recommended individualizing communication, pacing content, fostering human connection, and developing relationships even with technology use. The experiences of nurses who utilize telehealth in their care for children receiving end of life care in rural regions may enable palliative care teams to understand both the benefits and challenges of telehealth use. Nurse insights on telehealth may help palliative care teams better honor the communication needs of patients and families while striving to improve care access."}, {"pmid": 32522559, "title": "Covid-19 and inflammatory bowel disease: questions on incidence, severity, and impact of treatment?", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Caron, Benedicte", "Arondel, Yves", "Reimund, Jean-Marie"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522559", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406361, "pmcid": "PMC7261964", "title": "Personal journey and perspective from psychiatric nurse and medical student to intern doctor during COVID-19.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Lynch, D"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406361", "countries": ["China", "Ireland"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 or 'Coronavirus' has become a global pandemic since its initial report in Wuhan, China, on November 17, 2020. It is highly infectious and poses significant health risks for those in vulnerable populations. This article aims to provide perspective into an Irish experience, through the eyes of a practicing psychiatric nurse, who has recently graduated medical school and intends to work as an intern doctor."}, {"pmid": 32307131, "pmcid": "PMC7152878", "title": "Testing recommendation for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients planned for surgery - continuing the service and 'suppressing' the pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Al-Muharraqi, M A"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307131", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366767, "pmcid": "PMC7219841", "title": "Real-Time Remote Surveillance of Doffing during COVID-19 Pandemic: Enhancing Safety of Health Care Workers.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Singh, Ajay", "Naik, B Naveen", "Soni, Shiv Lal", "Puri, G D"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366767", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438387, "title": "Survey of public understanding regarding SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "N Z Med J", "authors": ["Crantock, Roland"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438387", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328593, "title": "Editorial: Dental practitioners' role in the assessment and containment of coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Evolving recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control.", "journal": "Quintessence Int", "authors": ["Mupparapu, Mel"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328593", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32173572, "pmcid": "PMC7270523", "title": "Applications of Google Search Trends for risk communication in infectious disease management: A case study of the COVID-19 outbreak in Taiwan.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Husnayain, Atina", "Fuad, Anis", "Su, Emily Chia-Yu"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32173572", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An emerging outbreak of a novel coronavirus, COVID-19, has now been detected in at least 211 countries worldwide. Given this pandemic situation, robust risk communication is urgently needed, particularly in affected countries. Therefore, this study explored the potential use of Google Trends (GT) to monitor public restlessness toward COVID-19 infection in Taiwan. We retrieved GT data for the specific locations and subregions in Taiwan nationwide using defined search terms related to the coronavirus, handwashing, and face masks. Searches related to COVID-19 and face masks in Taiwan rapidly increased following the announcements of Taiwan's first imported case and reached a peak as locally acquired cases were reported. However, searches for handwashing gradually increased during the period of face-mask shortage. Moreover, high to moderate correlations between Google relative search volumes (RSVs) and COVID-19 cases were found in Taipei (lag-3), New Taipei (lag-2), Taoyuan (lag-2), Tainan (lag-1), Taichung (lag0), and Kaohsiung (lag0). In response to the ongoing outbreak, our results demonstrated that GT could potentially define the proper timing and location for practicing appropriate risk communication strategies for affected populations."}, {"pmid": 32285510, "title": "Coronavirus and JMFT: An Editor's Note.", "journal": "J Marital Fam Ther", "authors": ["Harris, Steven M"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285510", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32125126, "title": "[Management and clinical thinking of Coronavirus Disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi", "authors": ["Ma, K", "Chen, T", "Han, M F", "Guo, W", "Ning, Q"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125126", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, the 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP, officially named Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19) by the World Health Organization) broke out in Wuhan, Hubei, and it quickly spread to the whole country and abroad. The situation was at stake. The sudden and serious COVID-19 epidemic has brought us a lot of urgent problems. How to effectively control the spread of COVID-19? When does the population infection rate rise to its peak? What will eventually be the number of infected patients? How to make early diagnosis? What effective antiviral drugs are available? How to effectively treat with existing drugs? Can it successfully improve the survival rate of critically patients? In response to the above questions, we put forward corresponding suggestions and reflections from the perspective of the infectious clinician."}, {"pmid": 32124990, "pmcid": "PMC7228278", "title": "Analyzing the epidemiological outbreak of COVID-19: A visual exploratory data analysis approach.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Dey, Samrat K", "Rahman, Md Mahbubur", "Siddiqi, Umme R", "Howlader, Arpita"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32124990", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is an obvious concern globally regarding the fact about the emerging coronavirus 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) as a worldwide public health threat. As the outbreak of COVID-19 causes by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) progresses within China and beyond, rapidly available epidemiological data are needed to guide strategies for situational awareness and intervention. The recent outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, China, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 emphasizes the importance of analyzing the epidemiological data of this novel virus and predicting their risks of infecting people all around the globe. In this study, we present an effort to compile and analyze epidemiological outbreak information on COVID-19 based on the several open datasets on 2019-nCoV provided by the Johns Hopkins University, World Health Organization, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Commission, and DXY. An exploratory data analysis with visualizations has been made to understand the number of different cases reported (confirmed, death, and recovered) in different provinces of China and outside of China. Overall, at the outset of an outbreak like this, it is highly important to readily provide information to begin the evaluation necessary to understand the risks and begin containment activities."}, {"pmid": 32482597, "pmcid": "PMC7242960", "title": "Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in severe COVID-19 patients: a single-centre retrospective cohort study.", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Campochiaro, Corrado", "Della-Torre, Emanuel", "Cavalli, Giulio", "De Luca, Giacomo", "Ripa, Marco", "Boffini, Nicola", "Tomelleri, Alessandro", "Baldissera, Elena", "Rovere-Querini, Patrizia", "Ruggeri, Annalisa", "Monti, Giacomo", "De Cobelli, Francesco", "Zangrillo, Alberto", "Tresoldi, Moreno", "Castagna, Antonella", "Dagna, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482597", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Tocilizumab (TCZ), a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor, has been proposed for the treatment of COVID-19 patients; however, limited data are available on the safety and efficacy. We performed a retrospective study on severe COVID-19 patients with hyper-inflammatory features admitted outside intensive care units (ICUs). Patients treated with intravenous TCZ in addition to standard of care were compared to patients treated with standard of care alone. Safety and efficacy were assessed over a 28-day follow-up. 65 patients were included. Among them, 32 were treated with TCZ. At baseline, all patients were on high-flow supplemental oxygen and most (78% of TCZ patients and 61% of standard treatment patients) were on non-invasive ventilation. During the 28-day follow-up, 69% of TCZ patients experienced a clinical improvement compared to 61% of standard treatment patients (p\u00a0=\u00a00.61). Mortality was 15% in the tocilizumab group and 33% in standard treatment group (p\u00a0=\u00a00.15). In TCZ group, at multivariate analysis, older age was a predictor of death, whereas higher baseline PaO2:FiO2 was a predictor of clinical improvement at day 28. The rate of infection and pulmonary thrombosis was similar between the two groups. At day 28, clinical improvement and mortality were not statistically different between tocilizumab and standard treatment patients in our cohort. Bacterial or fungal infections were recorded in 13% of tocilizumab patients and in 12% of standard treatment patients. Confirmation of efficacy and safety will require ongoing controlled trials."}, {"pmid": 32423663, "pmcid": "PMC7196420", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on the early detection of oral cancer: A special emphasis on high risk populations.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Al-Maweri, Sadeq Ali", "Halboub, Esam", "Warnakulasuriya, Saman"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423663", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493812, "title": "Role of Aging and the Immune Response to Respiratory Viral Infections: Potential Implications for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Immunol", "authors": ["Chen, Judy", "Kelley, William J", "Goldstein, Daniel R"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493812", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Aging impairs immunity to promote diseases, especially respiratory viral infections. The current COVID-19 pandemic, resulting from SARS-CoV-2, induces acute pneumonia, a phenotype that is alarmingly increased with aging. In this article, we review findings of how aging alters immunity to respiratory viral infections to identify age-impacted pathways common to several viral pathogens, permitting us to speculate about potential mechanisms of age-enhanced mortality to COVID-19. Aging generally leads to exaggerated innate immunity, particularly in the form of elevated neutrophil accumulation across murine and large animal studies of influenza infection. COVID-19 patients who succumb exhibit a 2-fold increase in neutrophilia, suggesting that exaggerated innate immunity contributes to age-enhanced mortality to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further investigation in relevant experimental models will elucidate the mechanisms by which aging impacts respiratory viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2. Such investigation could identify therapies to reduce the suffering of the population at large, but especially among older people, infected with respiratory viruses."}, {"pmid": 32375105, "pmcid": "PMC7189867", "title": "Effect of lockdown amid COVID-19 pandemic on air quality of the megacity Delhi, India.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Mahato, Susanta", "Pal, Swades", "Ghosh, Krishna Gopal"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375105", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, a nationwide lockdown is imposed in India initially for three weeks from 24th March to 14th April 2020 and extended up to 3rd May 2020. Due to the forced restrictions, pollution level in cities across the country drastically slowed down just within few days which magnetize discussions regarding lockdown to be the effectual alternative measures to be implemented for controlling air pollution. The present article eventually worked on this direction to look upon the air quality scenario amidst the lockdown period scientifically with special reference to the megacity Delhi. With the aid of air quality data of seven pollutant parameters (PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO, O3 and NH3) for 34 monitoring stations spread over the megacity we have employed National Air Quality Index (NAQI) to show the spatial pattern of air quality in pre and during-lockdown phases. The results demonstrated that during lockdown air quality is significantly improved. Among the selected pollutants, concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 have witnessed maximum reduction (>50%) in compare to the pre-lockdown phase. In compare to the last year (i.e. 2019) during the said time period the reduction of PM10 and PM2.5 is as high as about 60% and 39% respectively. Among other pollutants, NO2 (-52.68%) and CO (-30.35%) level have also reduced during-lockdown phase. About 40% to 50% improvement in air quality is identified just after four days of commencing lockdown. About 54%, 49%, 43%, 37% and 31% reduction in NAQI have been observed in Central, Eastern, Southern, Western and Northern parts of the megacity. Overall, the study is thought to be a useful supplement to the regulatory bodies since it showed the pollution source control can attenuate the air quality. Temporary such source control in a suitable time interval may heal the environment."}, {"pmid": 32445883, "pmcid": "PMC7239004", "title": "Lack of genetic evidence that fatty liver disease predisposes to COVID-19.", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Valenti, Luca", "Jamialahmadi, Oveis", "Romeo, Stefano"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445883", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297981, "pmcid": "PMC7262243", "title": "COVID-19: Recommended sampling sites at different stage of the disease.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Song, Fang", "Zhang, Xiangyan", "Zha, Yan", "Liu, Weijia"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297981", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is mainly an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus (officially named Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019, which is currently a worldwide pandemic, mainly causes the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP). At present, it mainly relies on Real-time RT-PCR to detect SARS-CoV-2 virus nucleic acid collected from the clinical specimens of patients as the standard for diagnosis, discontinuation of quarantine and discharge.1,2 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32205349, "title": "Updated Approaches against SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Antimicrob Agents Chemother", "authors": ["Li, Haiou", "Zhou, Yunjiao", "Zhang, Meng", "Wang, Haizhou", "Zhao, Qiu", "Liu, Jing"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205349", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lies behind the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There is a growing understanding of SARS-CoV-2 in virology, epidemiology, and clinical management strategies. However, no anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug or vaccine has been officially approved due to the absence of adequate evidence. Scientists are racing to develop a treatment for COVID-19. Recent studies have revealed many attractive therapeutic options, even if some of them remain to be further confirmed in rigorous preclinical models and clinical trials. In this minireview, we aim to summarize the updated potential approaches against SARS-CoV-2. We emphasize that further efforts are warranted to develop the safest and most effective approach."}, {"pmid": 32428345, "title": "Vulnerability of nurse and physicians with COVID-19: Monitoring and surveillance needed.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Jackson, Debra", "Anders, Robert", "Padula, William V", "Daly, John", "Davidson, Patricia M"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428345", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32534053, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the workflow of an ambulatory endoscopy center: an assessment by discrete event simulation.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Das, Ananya"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534053", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As community-based ambulatory endoscopy centers across the nation are trying to reopen and safely resume outpatient endoscopic procedures after the unprecedented lockdown related to the COVID-19 pandemic, guidelines recommend pre-testing and screening for COVID-19 along with other mitigation measures for the safety of patients and staff. The impact of such changes in the workflow of ambulatory endoscopy centers on throughput and other performance indicators is largely unknown although a significant reduction in revenue stream is expected. A discrete event simulation-based model was developed in the setting of a small to medium community-based single-specialty ambulatory endoscopy center to quantify the impact of COVID-19 related workflow changes on performance indicators and cost per case compared with the pre-COVID-19 baseline. In the simulation model, post-COVID-19 recommended workflow changes significantly impacted the operational and productivity metrics and, in turn, adversely affected the financial metrics. Overall, there was a significant decrease in staff utilization, and consequent increase in total facility time, waiting time for patients, and cost per case because of a bottleneck at the time of preprocedure COVID-19 screening and testing while practicing social distancing. Strategies to minimize this adverse impact on productivity were assessed. Pretesting and screening for COVID-19 as recommended by current guidelines will significantly impact the productivity and revenue stream of ambulatory endoscopy centers. Urgent measures by the payors are needed to adjust the facility reimbursement of endoscopy centers to ensure successful reopening and ramping up outpatient endoscopy services in these facilities already hit hard by the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32292909, "pmcid": "PMC7153514", "title": "Target Virus or Target Ourselves for COVID-19 Drugs Discovery?-Lessons learned from anti-influenzas virus therapies.", "journal": "Med Drug Discov", "authors": ["Liao, Jiayu", "Way, George", "Madahar, Vipul"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292909", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic, after it was reported in December 2019, is a highly contagious and now spreading to over 190 countries, causing a severe public health burden. Currently, there is no vaccine or specific drug to treat COVID-19, which is caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-2-CoV. For this emergency, the FDA has approved Remdesivir and Hydroxychloroquine for treatment of COVID-19 as Emergency Use Authorization. However, even after this pandemic, COVID-19 may still have a chance to come back. Therefore, we need to come out with new strategies for drug discovery for combating COVID-19 in the future."}, {"pmid": 32317295, "title": "Covid-19: UK pledges to reintroduce contact tracing to fight virus.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317295", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397951, "title": "The expression level of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 determines the severity of COVID-19: lung and heart tissue as targets.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Babadaei, Mohammad Mahdi Nejadi", "Hasan, Anwarul", "Bloukh, Samir Haj", "Edis, Zehra", "Sharifi, Majid", "Kachooei, Ehsan", "Falahati, Mojtaba"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397951", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Researchers have reported some useful information about the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) leading to CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19). Several studies have been performed in order to develop antiviral drugs, from which a few have been prescribed to patients. Also, several diagnostic tests have been designed to accelerate the process of identifying and treating COVID-19. It has been well-documented that the surface of host cells is covered by some receptors, known as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which mediates the binding and entry of CoV. After entering, the viral RNA interrupts the cell proliferation system to activate self-proliferation. However, having all the information about the outbreakof the SARS-COV-2, it is not still clear which factors determine the severity of lung and heart function impairment induced by COVID-19. A major step in exploring SARS-COV-2 pathogenesis is to determine the distribution of ACE2 in different tissues . In this review, the structure and origin of CoV, the role of ACE2 as a receptor of SARS-COV-2 on the surface of host cells, and the ACE2 distribution in different tissues with a focus on lung and cardiovascular system have been discussed. It was also revealed that acute and chronic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) may result in the clinical severity of COVID-19. In conclusion, this review may provide useful information in developing some promising strategies to end up with a worldwide COVID-19 pandemic.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32494291, "pmcid": "PMC7238693", "title": "COVID-19: fear, explanation, action, unity and ingenuity and World Hand Hygiene Day.", "journal": "J Infect Prev", "authors": ["Loveday, Heather", "Wilson, Jennie"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494291", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419751, "pmcid": "PMC7213032", "title": "2019-NCoV: What Every Neurologist Should Know?", "journal": "Ann Indian Acad Neurol", "authors": ["Mahajan, Nitika", "Singla, Monika", "Singh, Balveen", "Sajja, Venkatesh", "Bansal, Parth", "Paul, Birinder", "Goel, Parveen", "Midha, Rahul", "Bansal, Rajinder", "Singh, Gagandeep"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419751", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel Corona Virus pandemic beginning from Wuhan, China primarily affects the respiratory tract but its has impacted clinical practice across a range of specialities including neurology. We review the bearing of the 2019 NCoV infection on neurological practice. Neurological manifestations are less common than respiratory manifestations, yet conspicuous, affecting nearly over a third of hospitalized individuals. These may be classified in to early - headache, dizziness, hyposmia and hypogeusia and late - encephalopathy. Rarely but surely, a very small proportion of infected individuals might present with stroke. Certain neurological conditions, including cerebrovascular disease in both China and Italy and dementia in Italy predispose to infection and more severe manifestations, requiring intensive care unit admission. There is no convincing evidence that the manifestations, course and outcome of various neurological disorders is impacted by 2019 nCoV infection. Concerns of an increased risk of febrile seizures offset by a reduced frequency of infection in the paediatric age group. Individuals with multiple sclerosis might potentially experience both true and pseudorelapses. Besides a direct effect, 2019 nCoV has tremendously affected neurological care by disrupting the continuity of care and the availability of neurological medicines worldwide. Neurologists should respond to this challenge by developing and sustaining innovative methods of providing care as well as alerting the society at large to adopt measures to contain the spread of 2019 nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32489149, "pmcid": "PMC7270571", "title": "The psychosocial effects of being quarantined following exposure to COVID-19: A qualitative study of Lebanese health care workers.", "journal": "Int J Soc Psychiatry", "authors": ["Fawaz, Mirna", "Samaha, Ali"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489149", "countries": ["Lebanon"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19), health care professionals in Lebanon have been diligently serving as the frontline of defense. In the light of challenging economic and political circumstances, putting their community wellbeing as a priority, and abiding by quarantine and strict infection control measures, health care professionals risk both their physical and mental wellbeing. The aim of this study is to explore the psychosocial effects of being quarantined following exposure to COVID-19 among Lebanese health care professionals. An exploratory qualitative research design was employed, where semi-structured interviews were carried out involving a sample of 13 Lebanese health care providers working at various COVID-19 units. The qualitative analysis has revealed four themes namely 'Fears of contracting and spreading the virus', 'Conflict between professional duty and family obligation', 'Stigma of being infected', and 'Inadequate or inaccurate information'. COVID-19 quarantine has been posing intense psychological challenges among Lebanese health care workers which are worsened at times by the economic instability; thus, health care policymakers are urged to take proper action nationwide to alleviate longlisting implications and support the health care providers in fulfilling their mission."}, {"pmid": 32428773, "pmcid": "PMC7203024", "title": "COVID-19 in Bangladesh: public awareness and insufficient health facilities remain key challenges.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Banik, R", "Rahman, M", "Sikder, T", "Gozal, D"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428773", "countries": ["Bangladesh"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32257771, "pmcid": "PMC7104687", "title": "KCDC Risk Assessments on the Initial Phase of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Korea.", "journal": "Osong Public Health Res Perspect", "authors": ["Kim, Inho", "Lee, Jia", "Lee, Jihee", "Shin, Eensuk", "Chu, Chaeshin", "Lee, Seon Kui"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32257771", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aims to evaluate the risk assessments of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC), from the point of detection to the provision of basic information to the relevant public health authorities. To estimate the overall risk of specific public health events, probability, and impact at the country-level were evaluated using available information. To determine the probability of particular public health events, the risk of importation and risk of transmission were taken into consideration. KCDC used 5 levels (\"very low,\" \"low,\" \"moderate,\" \"high,\" and \"very high\") for each category and overall risk was eventually decided. A total of 8 risk assessments were performed on 8 separate occasions between January 8th to February 28th, 2020, depending on the detection and report of COVID-19 cases in other countries. The overall risk of the situation in each assessment increased in severity over this period: \"low\" (first), \"moderate\" (second), \"high\" (third), \"high\" (fourth), \"high\" (fifth), \"high\" (sixth), \"high\" (seventh), and \"very high\" (eighth). The KCDC's 8 risk assessments were utilized to activate national emergency response mechanisms and eventually prepare for the pandemic to ensure the containment and mitigation of COVID-19 with non-pharmaceutical public health measures."}, {"pmid": 32359841, "pmcid": "PMC7194809", "title": "A Rashomon Moment? Ocular Involvement and COVID-19.", "journal": "Ophthalmology", "authors": ["Kuo, Irene C"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359841", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501325, "pmcid": "PMC7252031", "title": "How the coronavirus crisis is affecting your dreams.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Hooper, Rowan"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501325", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526158, "title": "Technology in the COVID-19 era: pushing the boundaries.", "journal": "Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol", "authors": ["The Lancet Diabetes Endocrinology"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526158", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399453, "pmcid": "PMC7213829", "title": "Takotsubo Syndrome Associated with COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Roca, Elena", "Lombardi, Carlo", "Campana, Marco", "Vivaldi, Oscar", "Bigni, Barbara", "Bertozzi, Bruno", "Passalacqua, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399453", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The availability of public health information for optimised supportive care is critical during the COVID-19 pandemic. We describe the first case of COVID-19 complicated by Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. We report the clinical, laboratory and radiological findings of a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The nasopharyngeal swab was positive for SARS-CoV-2 and x-ray images demonstrated pathognomonic pneumonia. The patient developed tachycardia and the echocardiogram confirmed the diagnosis of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Doctors should be aware of the need to thoroughly study this new infection in order to understand its underlying mechanisms and related complications. We report the first case of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy associated with COVID-19.We discuss a rare presentation in the current pandemic.COVID-19 can be associated with cardiac complications, even after the onset of pneumonia, and so strict monitoring of these patients is essential."}, {"pmid": 32446167, "pmcid": "PMC7204737", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 in children: Characteristics, antimicrobial treatment, and outcomes.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Peng, Hui", "Gao, Ping", "Xu, Qiong", "Liu, Maochang", "Peng, Jing", "Wang, Yang", "Xu, Hua"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446167", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At present, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread in many countries. We conducted this study to help pediatricians understand the conditions of COVID-19 in children. We retrospectively summarized the characteristics, treatment and outcomes of pediatric cases in Wuhan Children's Hospital which was the only designated hospital for children with COVID-19 in Hubei Province. A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to evaluate factors associated with clinical outcomes. As of February 29, 75 children had been discharged, of which only one was has severe pneumonia and one was critical cases. Children younger than 2 years were more susceptible to COVID-19. All patients have received interferon-\u03b1 nebulization, and eight cases including the severe and critical cases were co-administrated ribavirin. Five patients with mild pneumonia were given arbidol. Twenty-three patients were given traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The average length of stay (LOS) and the time of SARS-CoV-2 clearance were 10.57 and 6.39 days, respectively. None of the factors was associated with LOS or time of SARS-CoV-2 clearance. The severity of COVID-19 in pediatric cases were milder than adults. The efficacy of the antiviral therapy in children with COVID-19 remains to be evaluated."}, {"pmid": 32416476, "pmcid": "PMC7203028", "title": "The disguised pandemic: the importance of data normalization in COVID-19 web mapping.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Adams, A", "Li, W", "Zhang, C", "Chen, X"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416476", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304334, "pmcid": "PMC7264596", "title": "Taking the Longer View of COVID-19.", "journal": "Oncologist", "authors": ["Chabner, Bruce A"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304334", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405117, "pmcid": "PMC7219369", "title": "Identification of SARS-CoV RBD-targeting monoclonal antibodies with cross-reactive or neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Antiviral Res", "authors": ["Tai, Wanbo", "Zhang, Xiujuan", "He, Yuxian", "Jiang, Shibo", "Du, Lanying"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405117", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2-caused COVID-19 cases are growing globally, calling for developing effective therapeutics to control the current pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV recognize angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor via the receptor-binding domain (RBD). Here, we identified six SARS-CoV RBD-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nAbs) that cross-reacted with SARS-CoV-2 RBD, two of which, 18F3 and 7B11, neutralized SARS-CoV-2 infection. 18F3 recognized conserved epitopes on SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 RBDs, whereas 7B11 recognized epitopes on SARS-CoV RBD not fully conserved in SARS-CoV-2 RBD. The 18F3-recognizing epitopes on RBD did not overlap with the ACE2-binding sites, whereas those recognized by 7B11 were close to the ACE2-binding sites, explaining why 7B11 could, but 18F3 could not, block SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 RBD binding to ACE2 receptor. Our study provides an alternative approach to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection using anti-SARS-CoV nAbs."}, {"pmid": 32340089, "title": "[Pathological changes of the spleen in ten patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) by postmortem needle autopsy].", "journal": "Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Xu, X", "Chang, X N", "Pan, H X", "Su, H", "Huang, B", "Yang, M", "Luo, D J", "Weng, M X", "Ma, L", "Nie, X"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340089", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To study the pathological changes of the spleen in patients with COVID-19 and to analyze the relationship between the weakened immune system and splenic lesions. Methods: Postmortem needle autopsies from the spleen were carried out on 10 patients who died from COVID-19 in Wuhan. Routine hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes. The changes of lymphocytes were studied further with immunohistochemistry.RT-PCR was used to detect 2019-nCoV RNA in the spleen. In addition,the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was detected by in situ hybridization, and coronavirus particles were detected by transmission electron microscopy in 2 cases. Results: There were 7 males and 3 females, with an average age of 68.3 years.Of the 10 cases, 4 had cancer history and another 4 had other underlying diseases respectively.Cough, fever, malaise and dyspnea were the main clinical symptoms.The time from onset to death was 15-45 days.Ten cases patients had normal or slight increase in peripheral blood leukocyte count in the early stage of the disease, 6 cases had significant increase before death. Five patients' peripheral blood lymphocyte count decreased in the early stage of the disease, and 10 patients' peripheral blood lymphocyte count decreased significantly before the disease progressed or died. Seven cases were treated with corticosteroid (methylprednisolone \u226440\u00a0mg/d, not more than 5 days). Histopathological examination showed that the cell composition of the spleen decreased, white pulp atrophied at different levels, meanwhile lymphoid follicles decreased or absent;in addition, the ratio of red pulp to white pulp increased with varying degrees. In 7 cases, more neutrophil infiltration was found, and in 5 cases, scattered plasma cell infiltration was found. Macrophage proliferation and hemophagocytic phenomena in a few cells were found in a case. Meanwhile, necrosis and lymphocyte apoptosis were detected in 2 cases, small artery thrombosis and spleen infarction in 1 case, and fungal infection in 1 case. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the T and B lymphocyte components of the spleen in all cases decreased in varying degrees. CD20(+) B cells were found to accumulate in the lymphoid sheath around the splenic artery in 8 cases. However, CD20 and CD21 immunostaining in 2 cases showed that the number of white pulp was almost normal, and splenic nodules were atrophic. CD3(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+)T cells were decreased. In 9 cases,CD68(+) macrophages were no significant changes in the distribution and quantity. While more CD68(+) cells were found in the medullary sinuses of 1 case (related to fungal infection). Few CD56(+) cells were found. EBV was negative by in situ hybridization. RT-PCR was used to detect the nucleic acid of 2019-nCoV. One of 10 cases was positive, 39 years old,who was the youngest patient in this group, and the other 9 cases were negative. Coronavirus particles were found in the cytoplasm of macrophage under electron microscope in 2 cases. Conclusions: The death of COVID-19 occurs mainly in the elderly, and some cases have no underlying diseases. Spleen may be one of the organs directly attacked by the virus in some patients who died from COVID-19. T and B lymphocyte in the spleen decrease in varying degrees, lymphoid follicles are atrophied, decreased or absent, and the number of NK cells do not change significantly. And the pathological changes of the spleen are not related to the use of low dose corticosteroid, which may be related to the direct attack of virus and the attack of immune system on its own tissues."}, {"pmid": 32427644, "title": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccines: Setting Expectations Appropriately.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Heininger, Ulrich"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427644", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220203, "title": "Clinical Characteristics of Covid-19 in China.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Chen, Andre T C", "Coura-Filho, George B", "Rehder, Marilia H H"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220203", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380043, "pmcid": "PMC7198211", "title": "The arrival of SARS-CoV-2 in Venezuela.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Paniz-Mondolfi, Alberto E", "Sordillo, Emilia M", "Marquez-Colmenarez, Marilianna C", "Delgado-Noguera, Lourdes A", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380043", "countries": ["Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502239, "title": "Reply: COVID-19 and human reproduction: hypothesis need to be investigated.", "journal": "Mol Hum Reprod", "authors": ["Fei, Chen", "Jing, Yan", "Run-Qian, Li", "Ya-Bin, Liu", "Hao-Ran, Wang"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502239", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32196983, "title": "Navigating Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) in Physiatry: A CAN Report for Inpatient Rehabilitation Facilities.", "journal": "PM R", "authors": ["McNeary, Lennox", "Maltser, Susan", "Verduzco-Gutierrez, Monica"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196983", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404329, "title": "Covid-19: Hancock is urged to make testing strategy clearer.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404329", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332347, "title": "As We Went to Press: The United States Responds to COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Nurs", "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332347", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Ventilators, masks, and tests are in short supply."}, {"pmid": 32531230, "title": "Preparing nurses for COVID-19 response efforts through involvement in antimicrobial stewardship programmes.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Courtenay, Molly", "Burnett, Emma", "Castro-Sanchez, Enrique", "Moralez de Figueiredo, Rosely", "Du Toit, Brismall io, Russiantte", "Gallagher, Rose", "Gotterson, Fiona", "Kennedy, Heather", "Manias, Elisabeth", "McEwen, Jo", "Ness, Valerie", "Olans, Rita", "Padoveze, Maria Clara"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531230", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311816, "title": "Management of acute myocardial infarction during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Consensus Statement from the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI), the American College of Cardiology (ACC), and the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP).", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Mahmud, Ehtisham", "Dauerman, Harold L", "Welt, Frederick G P", "Messenger, John C", "Rao, Sunil V", "Grines, Cindy", "Mattu, Amal", "Kirtane, Ajay J", "Jauhar, Rajiv", "Meraj, Perwaiz", "Rokos, Ivan C", "Rumsfeld, John S", "Henry, Timothy D"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311816", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The worldwide pandemic caused by the novel acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has resulted in a new and lethal disease termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although there is an association between cardiovascular disease and COVID-19, the majority of patients who need cardiovascular care for the management of ischemic heart disease may not be infected with this novel coronavirus. The objective of this document is to provide recommendations for a systematic approach for the care of patients with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a recognition of two major challenges in providing recommendations for AMI care in the COVID-19 era. Cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19 are complex with patients presenting with AMI, myocarditis simulating an ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) presentation, stress cardiomyopathy, non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, coronary spasm, or nonspecific myocardial injury, and the prevalence of COVID-19 disease in the US population remains unknown with risk of asymptomatic spread. This document addresses the care of these patients focusing on (a) varied clinical presentations; (b) appropriate personal protection equipment (PPE) for health care workers; (c) the roles of the emergency department, emergency medical system, and the cardiac catheterization laboratory (CCL); and (4) regional STEMI systems of care. During the COVID-19 pandemic, primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains the standard of care for STEMI patients at PCI-capable hospitals when it can be provided in a timely manner, with an expert team outfitted with PPE in a dedicated CCL room. A fibrinolysis-based strategy may be entertained at non-PCI-capable referral hospitals or in specific situations where primary PCI cannot be executed or is not deemed the best option."}, {"pmid": 32525495, "title": "Seasonal Influenza Vaccination and the Heightened Risk of Coronavirus and Other Pandemic Virus Infections: Fact or Fiction?", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Vashishtha, Vipin M", "Kumar, Puneet"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525495", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510697, "title": "The future of conferences, today: Are virtual conferences a viable supplement to \"live\" conferences?", "journal": "EMBO Rep", "authors": ["Salomon, Dor", "Feldman, Mario F"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510697", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, virtual conferences provide a much-needed alternative to cancelled meetings. Here are insights and lessons from organizing a virtual meeting."}, {"pmid": 32403188, "pmcid": "PMC7272949", "title": "COVID-19 and the treatment of acute appendicitis in Ireland: a new era or short-term pivot?", "journal": "Colorectal Dis", "authors": ["Kelly, M E", "Murphy, E", "Bolger, J C", "Cahill, R A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403188", "countries": ["Ireland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391857, "title": "Opportunities From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic for Transforming Psychiatric Care With Telehealth.", "journal": "JAMA Psychiatry", "authors": ["Torous, John", "Wykes, Til"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391857", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419776, "pmcid": "PMC7224660", "title": "Changing oncology treatment paradigms in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Colorectal Cancer", "authors": ["Lou, Emil", "Subramanian, Subbaya"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419776", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371026, "pmcid": "PMC7194048", "title": "Family presence during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in the Covid-19 Era.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Lederman, Zohar"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371026", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425009, "pmcid": "PMC7210101", "title": "Primary percutaneous coronary intervention in a COVID-19 patient with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after lung transplantation: a case report.", "journal": "J Zhejiang Univ Sci B", "authors": ["Xuan, Tian-Ming", "Wang, Xing-Xiang", "Pu, Xiang-Yuan", "Han, Wei-Li", "Guo, Xiao-Gang"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425009", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present an unusual case of a patient with bilateral-lung transplantation due to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), who subsequently suffered complications with acute myocardial infarction and underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)."}, {"pmid": 32311646, "pmcid": "PMC7151441", "title": "COVID-19 admissions calculators: General population and paediatric cohort.", "journal": "Early Hum Dev", "authors": ["Victor, Grech"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311646", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is in the grip of pandemic COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2). Children appear to be only mildly affected but for those countries that are still preparing for their first wave of infections, it is salutary to have some estimates with which to plan for eventual contingencies. These assessments would include acute hospital admission requirements, intensive care admissions and deaths per given population. It is also useful to have an estimate of how many paediatric admissions to expect per given population. However it is only very recently that paediatric epidemiological data has become available. This paper will create an interactive spreadsheet model to estimate population and paediatric admissions for a given population, with the author's country, Malta, as a worked example for both."}, {"pmid": 32386012, "title": "Design, validation, and clinical practice of standardized imaging diagnostic report for COVID-19.", "journal": "Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Wang, Tianming", "Xiong, Zeng", "Zhou, Hui", "Luo, Weijun", "Tang, Haixiong", "Liu, Jinkang"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386012", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To design a standardized imaging diagnostic reporting mode for screening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and to prospectively verify its effectiveness in clinical practice. A new classification and standardized imaging diagnosis report mode of viral pneumonia was established by studying and summarizing the imaging findings of various kinds of viral pneumonia, combining with lesion density, interstitial changes, pleural effusion, lymph nodes, and some special signs. After systematic training, the radiologist experienced clinical practice for screening CT features. COVID-19 cases were screened retrospectively in the single-center. The confirmed cases were verified, and the diagnostic efficacy of the standardized imaging reporting system in screening COVID-19 was tested. There were 912 patients in this stage receiving the screening imaging examination. Of them, 190 patients were screened in the report mode and 30 patients were diagnosed as COVID-19. The CT manifestation of COVID-19 was characterized by pure ground glass lesions or with a few solid components, predominant subpleural distribution, no lymph node enlargement and pleural effusion, and often with paving-way sign and air bronchus sign. In combination with the above signs, the diagnostic efficacy of COVID-19 was 0.942. The standardized imaging diagnosis report mode based on COVID-19 chest image features is effective and practical, which should be popularized."}, {"pmid": 32320488, "pmcid": "PMC7264522", "title": "Integration of telemedicine into the public health response to COVID-19 must include dentists.", "journal": "Int Endod J", "authors": ["Maret, D", "Peters, O A", "Vaysse, F", "Vigarios, E"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320488", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473952, "pmcid": "PMC7237903", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: The viral shedding vs infectivity dilemma.", "journal": "Infect Dis Health", "authors": ["Widders, Arabella", "Broom, Alex", "Broom, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473952", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected over four million people worldwide. There are multiple reports of prolonged viral shedding in people infected with SARS-CoV-2 but the presence of viral RNA on a test does not necessarily correlate with infectivity. The duration of quarantine required after clinical recovery to definitively prevent transmission is therefore uncertain. In addition, asymptomatic and presymptomatic transmission may occur, and infectivity may be highest early after onset of symptoms, meaning that contact tracing, isolation of exposed individuals and social distancing are essential public health measures to prevent further spread. This review aimed to summarise the evidence around viral shedding vs infectivity of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32496252, "title": "An epidemiological study of laboratory confirmed COVID-19 cases admitted in a tertiary care hospital of Pune, Maharashtra.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Tambe, Muralidhar Parashuram", "Parande, Malangori A", "Tapare, Vinay S", "Borle, Pradip S", "Lakde, Rajesh N", "Shelke, Sangita C"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496252", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "India has reported more than 70,000 cases and 2000 deaths. Pune is the second city in the Maharashtra state after Mumbai to breach the 1000 cases. Total deaths reported from Pune were 158 with a mortality of 5.7%. To plan health services, it is important to learn lessons from early stage of the outbreak on course of the disease in a hospital setting. To describe the epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak of COVID-19 in India from a tertiary care hospital. This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study which included all admitted laboratory confirmed COVID19 cases from March 31, to April 24, 2020. The information was collected in a predesigned pro forma which included sociodemographic data, duration of stay, family background, outcome, etc., by trained staff after ethics approval. Epi Info7 was used for data analysis. Out of the total 197 cases, majority cases were between the ages of 31-60 years with slight male preponderance. Majority of these cases were from the slums. Breathlessness was the main presenting symptom followed by fever and cough. More than 1/5th of patients were asymptomatic from exposure to admission. The case fatality rate among the admitted cases was 29.4%. Comorbidity was one of the significant risk factors for the progression of disease and death (odds ratio [OR] = 16.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.0 - 40.1, P < 0.0001). Mortality was higher than the national average of 3.2%; comorbidity was associated with bad prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32455859, "title": "COVID-19 Disease in Children: What Dentists Should Know and Do to Prevent Viral Spread. The Italian Point of View.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Ferrazzano, Gianmaria F", "Ingenito, Aniello", "Cantile, Tiziana"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455859", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly across the globe, becoming a major public health challenge not for China only, but also for countries around the world. Despite worldwide efforts to contain viral spread, the outbreak has not been stopped yet. Among healthcare personnel, dentists seem to be at elevated risk of exposure to COVID-19. This risk is even more serious in pediatric dentistry, since affected children, frequently, present an asymptomatic, mild or moderate clinical viral infection and, therefore, they may play a major role in community-based COVID-19 transmission. To date, despite no universal guidelines are available for dental procedures in pediatric dentistry during COVID-19 outbreak, routine dental practice should be postponed and only severe dental emergencies must be treated. In the case of a dental emergency, involving a pediatric patient, dentists should be aware of which recommended management protocol can be adopted during the practice to protect patient health, to safeguard their-self and to prevent viral transmission. The aim of this paper is to provide clinical recommendations, presenting a needed tool for dentists to allow a valid and safe how-to-do protocol. Pediatric dentists should keep a high level of awareness to help patients, minimize risk and prevent viral spread."}, {"pmid": 32523149, "title": "Medical Education during the health contingency by COVID-19: Lessons for the future.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Sierra-Fernandez, Carlos R", "Lopez-Meneses, Mauricio", "Azar-Manzur, Francisco", "Trevethan-Cravioto, Sergio"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523149", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347761, "title": "The danger of neglecting melanoma during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Gomolin, Tamar", "Cline, Abigail", "Handler, Marc Zachary"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347761", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, planned medical and surgical activities are being postponed. For the dermatology community, this interruption to the healthcare system can lead to delays in the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma. Neglecting melanoma during this crisis can result in increased mortality, morbidity and healthcare costs. With the COVID-19 pandemic evolving and no clear solutions in sight, it is time for the prospective evaluation of teledermatology. However, dermatologists should be cautious and continue seeing patients with pigmented lesions in person due to the necessity of early surgical intervention."}, {"pmid": 32509288, "pmcid": "PMC7242895", "title": "Protecting health care workers in the front line: Innovation in COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Tan, Zihui", "Khoo, Deborah Wen Shi", "Zeng, Ling Antonia", "Tien, Jong-Chie Claudia", "Lee, Aaron Kwang Yang", "Ong, Yee Yian", "Teo, Miqi Mavis", "Abdullah, Hairil Rizal"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509288", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367286, "pmcid": "PMC7197632", "title": "May home confinement during the COVID-19 outbreak worsen the global burden of myopia?", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Pellegrini, Marco", "Bernabei, Federico", "Scorcia, Vincenzo", "Giannaccare, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367286", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319439, "title": "[CoViD-19 and chronic diseases: current knowledge, future steps and the MaCroScopio project.]", "journal": "Recenti Prog Med", "authors": ["Martini, Nello", "Piccinni, Carlo", "Pedrini, Antonella", "Maggioni, Aldo"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319439", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chronicity and comorbidity influence the risk of CoViD-19 infection and the course of the disease. Epidemiological data and studies performed show different rates of chronic diseases and multimorbidity among patients affected by CoViD-19 in the various countries and areas, but they consistently stress their impact on CoViD-19 infection. In order to protect chronic and frail patients, the Italian Medicines Agency has taken measures to extend the therapeutic plans and monitoring registers; hopefully, therapeutic plans for antidiabetics, drugs for respiratory diseases and oral anticoagulant drugs will be abolished since they do not offer any additional advantage in terms of appropriateness and traceability of outcomes. The MaCroScopio project (Observatory on Chronic Diseases), regarding the CoViD-19 emergency, has started a new research path to foster the integration of the administrative data flows with the CoViD-19 Registers for planning and research purposes in the context of chronicity, as well as to evaluate the economic and organizational impact of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32335691, "pmcid": "PMC7183450", "title": "We Asked the Experts: How Do We Maintain Surgical Quality Standards for Enhanced Recovery Programs After Cancer Surgery During the COVID-19 Outbreak?", "journal": "World J Surg", "authors": ["Doussot, Alexandre", "Heyd, Bruno", "Lakkis, Zaher"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335691", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514287, "pmcid": "PMC7254722", "title": "Artesunate: could be an alternative drug to chloroquine in COVID-19 treatment?", "journal": "Chin Med", "authors": ["Uzun, Tugcenur", "Toptas, Orcun"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514287", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus)-CV-2 (2019-nCov), which showed up in China in December 2019 and spread all over the world, has becomed a serious health problem. An effective, safe and proven treatment has not yet been found. Chloroquine has been recommended by some authors to be used for the treatment of patients infected with this virus however chloroquine may have side effects and drug resistance problems. Artesunate is a semisynthetic derivative of artemisinin, an antimalarial drug. Artesunate was thought to be an effective treatment for covid-19 because of its anti-inflammatory activity, NF-\u03baB (nuclear Factor kappa B)-coronavirus effect and chloroquine-like endocytosis inhibition mechanism."}, {"pmid": 32458266, "pmcid": "PMC7250488", "title": "Intensive care unit isolation hood decreases risk of aerosolization during noninvasive ventilation with COVID-19.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Shaw, Kendrick M", "Lang, Angela L", "Lozano, Rodrigo", "Szabo, Michele", "Smith, Samuel", "Wang, Jingping"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458266", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299206, "title": "Epidemiology of COVID-19", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Bulut, Cemal", "Kato, Yasuyuki"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299206", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It seems that coronaviruses take an important place in the 21th century history. Five of seven human coronavirus was isolated in this century. Unfortunately, last three of them entered our life with a fear of outbreak, pandemic or death. Last human coronavirus which emerged world from Wuhan China, SARS CoV-2 and its clinical expression, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) recently taken a significant place in our daily practice. Initial reports showed that, its origin was bats. It transmitted human to human by droplet and contact routes, but some doubt about airborne, fecal or intrauterine transmission also should be removed. Its R0 value is 2.3 but it could be as high as 5.7. Its case fatality rate was 6.3, but it was different in different ages and counties, and it could be over 15%. According to early models total 10\u201312 weeks is required to control an outbreak in the community. While different countries show different daily case numbers, total number of case, case mortality rates or R0, it seems they show a similar epidemic curve. Every day we learn new data about the current outbreak. Since the outbreak is not over yet, every detail should be evaluated carefully and the updates should be followed closely to monitor the epidemiological properties of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32194980, "pmcid": "PMC7073332", "title": "Network-based drug repurposing for novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Cell Discov", "authors": ["Zhou, Yadi", "Hou, Yuan", "Shen, Jiayu", "Huang, Yin", "Martin, William", "Cheng, Feixiong"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32194980", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Human coronaviruses (HCoVs), including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV, also known as SARS-CoV-2), lead global epidemics with high morbidity and mortality. However, there are currently no effective drugs targeting 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2. Drug repurposing, representing as an effective drug discovery strategy from existing drugs, could shorten the time and reduce the cost compared to de novo drug discovery. In this study, we present an integrative, antiviral drug repurposing methodology implementing a systems pharmacology-based network medicine platform, quantifying the interplay between the HCoV-host interactome and drug targets in the human protein-protein interaction network. Phylogenetic analyses of 15 HCoV whole genomes reveal that 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2 shares the highest nucleotide sequence identity with SARS-CoV (79.7%). Specifically, the envelope and nucleocapsid proteins of 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2 are two evolutionarily conserved regions, having the sequence identities of 96% and 89.6%, respectively, compared to SARS-CoV. Using network proximity analyses of drug targets and HCoV-host interactions in the human interactome, we prioritize 16 potential anti-HCoV repurposable drugs (e.g., melatonin, mercaptopurine, and sirolimus) that are further validated by enrichment analyses of drug-gene signatures and HCoV-induced transcriptomics data in human cell lines. We further identify three potential drug combinations (e.g., sirolimus plus dactinomycin, mercaptopurine plus melatonin, and toremifene plus emodin) captured by the \"Complementary Exposure\" pattern: the targets of the drugs both hit the HCoV-host subnetwork, but target separate neighborhoods in the human interactome network. In summary, this study offers powerful network-based methodologies for rapid identification of candidate repurposable drugs and potential drug combinations targeting 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32378314, "pmcid": "PMC7267352", "title": "Early experience of COVID-19 in 2 heart transplant recipients: Case reports and review of treatment options.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Holzhauser, Luise", "Lourenco, Laura", "Sarswat, Nitasha", "Kim, Gene", "Chung, Ben", "Nguyen, Ann B"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378314", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses special challenges to immunocompromised transplant patients. Given the paucity of proven data in treating COVID-19, management of these patients is difficult, rapidly evolving, and mainly based on anecdotal experience. We report 2 cases of heart transplant (HT) recipients with COVID-19. The first is a 59-year-old female with HT in 2012 who presented on March 20, 2020 with fever, hypoxia, and ground-glass opacities on chest X-ray. She quickly progressed to acute hypoxic respiratory failure and vasoplegic shock. Despite reduction in immunosuppression and treatment with tocilizumab, intravenous immunoglobulin, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, and broad-spectrum antibiotics, she ultimately died from multiorgan failure. The second case is a 75-year-old man with HT in 2000 who presented on April 2, 2020 after curbside testing revealed positive COVID-19. Given a milder presentation compared to the first patient, antimetabolite was discontinued and only hydroxychloroquine was started. Because of a lack of clinical improvement several days later, tocilizumab, methylprednisolone, and therapeutic anticoagulation were initiated. The patient clinically improved with decreasing oxygen requirements and was discharged home. These 2 cases highlight the wide range of different presentations of COVID-19 in HT recipients and the rapidity with which the management of these patients is evolving."}, {"pmid": 32253197, "title": "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation after hospital admission with covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Fritz, Zoe", "Perkins, Gavin D"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253197", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32100980, "title": "[Chemotherapy strategy for colorectal cancer under the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, Y H", "Shen, L", "Li, J"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32100980", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) makes the medical treatment of colorectal cancers difficult. Cancer patients are more susceptible to infection and tumor history is defined as an important factor of poor prognosis, which challenges both doctors and patients. For metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, maintenance therapy is the optimal choice. The patients with tumor progression or poor biological behaviorshould receive or or continue combination chemotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy should reduce the intensity of treatment and shorten the therapy time. Fever patients during chemotherapy need to receive differential diagnosis and screening according to national standards. Patients with stable diseases and good general conditions may delay imaging examination.. Clinicians should make individual clinical decisions based on the specifics of each patient durding epidemic situation."}, {"pmid": 32524611, "title": "Clinical characteristics of 182 pediatric COVID-19 patients with different severities and allergic status.", "journal": "Allergy", "authors": ["Du, Hui", "Dong, Xiang", "Zhang, Jin-Jin", "Cao, Yi-Yuan", "Akdis, Mubeccel", "Huang, Pei-Qi", "Chen, Hong-Wei", "Li, Ying", "Liu, Guang-Hui", "Akdis, Cezmi A", "Lu, Xiao-Xia", "Gao, Ya-Dong"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524611", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has made widespread impact recently. We aim to investigate the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 children with different severities and allergic status. Data extracted from the electronical medical records, including demographics, clinical manifestations, comorbidities, laboratory and immunological results and radiological images of 182 hospitalized COVID-19 children were summarized and analyzed. The median age was 6 years old, ranging from 3 days to 15 years, and there were more boys (male-female ratio about 2:1) within the studied 182 patients. Most of the children were infected by family members. Fever (43.4%) and dry cough (44.5%) were common symptoms, and gastrointestinal manifestations accounted for 11.0%, including diarrhea, abdominal discomfort and vomiting. 71.4% had abnormal chest computed tomography (CT) scan images, and typical signs of pneumonia were ground-glass opacity and local patchy shadowing on admission. Laboratory results were mostly within normal ranges, and only a small ratio of lymphopenia (3.9%) and eosinopenia (29.5%) were observed. The majority (97.8%) of infected children were not severe, and 24 (13.2%) of them had asymptomatic infections. Compared to children without pneumonia(manifested as asymptomatic and acute upper respiratory infection), children with pneumonia were associated with higher percentages of the comorbidity history, symptoms of fever and cough, and increased levels of serum procalcitonin, alkaline phosphatase and serum interleukins (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-\u03b1.There were no differences of treatments, duration of hospitalization, time from first positive to first negative nucleic acid testing and outcomes between children with mild pneumonia and without pneumonia. All the hospitalized COVID-19 children had recovered except one death due to intussusception and sepsis. In 43 allergic children with COVID-19, allergic rhinitis (83.7%) was the major disease, followed by drug allergy, atopic dermatitis, food allergy and asthma. Demographics and clinical features were not significantly different between allergic and non-allergic groups. Allergic patients showed less increase in acute phase reactants, procalcitonin, D-dimer and aspartate aminotransferase levels compared to all patients. Immunological profiles including circulating T, B and NK lymphocyte subsets, total immunoglobulin and complement levels and serum cytokines did not show any difference in allergic and pneumonia groups. Neither eosinophil counts nor serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels showed a significant correlation with other immunological measures, such as other immunoglobulins, complements, lymphocyte subsets numbers and serum cytokine levels. Pediatric COVID-19 patients tended to have a mild clinical course. Patients with pneumonia had higher proportion of fever and cough and increased inflammatory biomarkers than those without pneumonia. There was no difference between allergic and non-allergic COVID-19 children in disease incidence, clinical features, laboratory and immunological findings. Allergy was not a risk factor for developing and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection and hardly influenced the disease course of COVID-19 in children."}, {"pmid": 32448710, "pmcid": "PMC7214312", "title": "COVID-19, a new opportunity for global health education.", "journal": "Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol", "authors": ["Romero Trevejo, J L"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448710", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32108460, "title": "[Discussion on diagnosis and treatment of hepatobiliary malignancies during the outbreak of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wu, F", "Song, Y", "Zeng, H Y", "Ye, F", "Chen, B", "Rong, W Q", "Wang, L M", "Niu, L J", "Wu, J X"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32108460", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: From December 2019, the new coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) broke out in Wuhan, Hubei, and spread rapidly to the nationwide. On January 20, 2020, the National Health Committee classified COVID-19 pneumonia as one of B class infectious diseases and treated it as class A infectious disease. During the epidemic period, the routine diagnosis and treatment of tumor patients was affected with varying degrees. In this special period, we performed the superiority of the multi-disciplinary team of diagnosis and treatment, achieved accurate diagnosis and treatment of patients with hepatobiliary malignant tumors, provided support for these patients with limited medical resources, and helped them to survive during the epidemic period.On the basis of fully understanding the new coronavirus pneumonia, the treatment strategy should be changed timely during the epidemic, and more appropriate treatment methods should be adopted to minimize the adverse effect of the epidemic on tumor treatment."}, {"pmid": 32243299, "pmcid": "PMC7173034", "title": "Waste Not, Want Not: The Re-Usability of N95 Masks.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Nathan, Naveen"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243299", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the spread of COVID-19 illnesses continues to escalate amidst a substandard supply of protective equipment for health care providers, the question of extended use or reuse of N95 masks has emerged. As well, the relative effectiveness of the N95 compared to other mask types have been entertained. A recent article by Abd-Elsayed and Karri aim to put these topics into focus. Additionally, personal correspondence between Drs. Richard Prielipp (University of Minnesota Department of Anesthesiology) and Peter Tsai (inventor of the N95 mask) offers perspectives on managing the reuse of this central element of protective equipment."}, {"pmid": 32154911, "pmcid": "PMC7166412", "title": "COVID-19 Presents High Risk to Older Persons.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Applegate, William B", "Ouslander, Joseph G"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32154911", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508115, "title": "Novel tip to prevent ear irritation with surgical face masks (FRSM) during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Ann R Coll Surg Engl", "authors": ["Kainth, G S"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508115", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425642, "pmcid": "PMC7233221", "title": "Pathways to COVID-19 'community protection'.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Marais, B J", "Sorrell, T C"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425642", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367850, "title": "Sterilization of N95 respirators: The time for action is upon us!", "journal": "Lung India", "authors": ["Prakash, Arjun", "Rao, Harshavardhan B", "Nair, Priya", "Talwar, Surabhi", "Kumar, V Anil", "Talwar, Deepak"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367850", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Re-processing of primary protective equipment is the need of the hour with healthcare systems all over the world strained due to the shortage precipitated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The common methods of re-sterilization do not hold well for filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) as they affect their structure and function. We propose the validation and eventual use of gamma irradiation, an already existing method of re-sterilization, to disinfect FFRs in bulk."}, {"pmid": 32402799, "pmcid": "PMC7177083", "title": "Early COVID-19 Impact on Adolescent Health and Medicine Programs in the United States: LEAH Program Leadership Reflections.", "journal": "J Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Emans, S Jean", "Ford, Carol A", "Irwin, Charles E Jr", "Richardson, Laura P", "Sherer, Sara", "Sieving, Renee E", "Simpson, Tina"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402799", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493671, "pmcid": "PMC7250777", "title": "SARS, MERS and COVID-19 among healthcare workers: A narrative review.", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Xiao, Jian", "Fang, Min", "Chen, Qiong", "He, Bixiu"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493671", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the recent two decades, three global viral infectious diseases, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS), and coronavirus disease (COVID-19), have occurred worldwide. SARS occurred in November 2002, causing 8096 infected cases, as well as 774 deaths. MERS occurred in June, 2012, causing 2519 confirmed cases, along with 866 associated deaths. COVID-19 occurred in December 2019, as of 30 April 2020, a total of 3,024,059 clinical cases have been reported, including 208,112 deaths. Healthcare workers (HCWs) need to be in close contact with these virus-infected patients and their contaminated environments at work, thus leading to be infected in some of them, even a few of them are died in line of duty. In this review, we summarized the infection status of HCWs during the outbreak of SARS, MERS and COVID-19, with in-depth discussion, hoping to provoke sufficient attention to the HCWs infection status by more people."}, {"pmid": 32298856, "pmcid": "PMC7151413", "title": "From the insight of glucose metabolism disorder: Oxygen therapy and blood glucose monitoring are crucial for quarantined COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Ecotoxicol Environ Saf", "authors": ["Li, Zhi", "Liu, Guoliang", "Wang, Ling", "Liang, Yong", "Zhou, Qunfang", "Wu, Fei", "Yao, Jing", "Chen, Bolei"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298856", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452247, "title": "Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Era.", "journal": "J Am Heart Assoc", "authors": ["Mentias, Amgad", "Jneid, Hani"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452247", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446821, "pmcid": "PMC7242206", "title": "Androgenetic Alopecia Present in the Majority of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients - the \"Gabrin sign\".", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Wambier, Carlos Gustavo", "Vano-Galvan, Sergio", "McCoy, John", "Gomez-Zubiaur, Alba", "Herrera, Sabina", "Hermosa-Gelbard, Angela", "Moreno-Arrones, Oscar M", "Jimenez-Gomez, Natalia", "Gonzalez-Cantero, Alvaro", "Pascual, Pablo Fonda", "Segurado-Miravalles, Gonzalo", "Shapiro, Jerry", "Perez-Garcia, Bibiana", "Goren, Andy"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446821", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482336, "pmcid": "PMC7245245", "title": "Adjusting to the new reality: Evaluation of early practice pattern adaptations to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Gynecol Oncol", "authors": ["Nakayama, John", "El-Nashar, Sherif A", "Waggoner, Steven", "Traughber, Bryan", "Kesterson, Joshua"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482336", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aim to define national practice patterns to assess current clinical practice, anticipated delays and areas of concern that potentially could lead to deviations from the normal standard of care. Anonymous surveys were emailed to members of the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO). The spread of COVID-19 and its impact on gynecologic oncology care in terms of alterations to normal treatment patterns and anticipated challenges were assessed. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was performed to determine risk factors for COVID-19 infection. We analyzed the responses of 331 gynecologic oncology providers. COVID-19 is present in 99.1% of surveyed communities with 99.7% reporting mitigation efforts in effect. The infection rate differs significantly between regions (p\u226a0.001) with the Northeast reporting the highest number of COVID-19 cases. Practice volume has dropped by 61.6% since the start of the pandemic with most cancellations being provider initiated. A majority of responders (52.8%) believed that ovarian cancer will be the most affected cancer by COVID-19. >94% of responders are proceeding with gynecologic cancer surgeries with exception of grade 1, endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma (36.3%). Surgical backlog (58.6%), delayed cancer diagnosis (43.2%) and re-establishing normal care with delayed patient (37.8%) were identified as the top 3 challenges after COVID-19 has abated. COVID-19 is widespread and has radically altered normal practice patterns. Despite COVID-19 related concerns, most gynecologic oncology care is proceeding. However, the steep decline in clinical volume shows there is a large group of patients who are not being diagnosed or are deferring care."}, {"pmid": 32413819, "pmcid": "PMC7204679", "title": "Vitamin D concentrations and COVID-19 infection in UK Biobank.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Hastie, Claire E", "Mackay, Daniel F", "Ho, Frederick", "Celis-Morales, Carlos A", "Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal", "Niedzwiedz, Claire L", "Jani, Bhautesh D", "Welsh, Paul", "Mair, Frances S", "Gray, Stuart R", "O'Donnell, Catherine A", "Gill, Jason Mr", "Sattar, Naveed", "Pell, Jill P"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413819", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 and low levels of vitamin D appear to disproportionately affect black and minority ethnic individuals. We aimed to establish whether blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration was associated with COVID-19 risk, and whether it explained the higher incidence of COVID-19 in black and South Asian people. UK Biobank recruited 502,624 participants aged 37-73 years between 2006 and 2010. Baseline exposure data, including 25(OH)D concentration and ethnicity, were linked to COVID-19 test results. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed for the association between 25(OH)D and confirmed COVID-19, and the association between ethnicity and both 25(OH)D and COVID-19. Complete data were available for 348,598 UK Biobank participants. Of these, 449 had confirmed COVID-19 infection. Vitamin D was associated with COVID-19 infection univariably (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.99; 95% CI 0.99-0.999; p\u00a0=\u00a00.013), but not after adjustment for confounders (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.00; 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.998-1.01; p\u00a0=\u00a00.208). Ethnicity was associated with COVID-19 infection univariably (blacks versus whites OR\u00a0=\u00a05.32, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a03.68-7.70, p-value<0.001; South Asians versus whites OR\u00a0=\u00a02.65, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.65-4.25, p-value<0.001). Adjustment for 25(OH)D concentration made little difference to the magnitude of the association. Our findings do not support a potential link between vitamin D concentrations and risk of COVID-19 infection, nor that vitamin D concentration may explain ethnic differences in COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32500608, "title": "Brief Report: Increased Addictive Internet and Substance Use Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China.", "journal": "Am J Addict", "authors": ["Sun, Yan", "Li, Yangyang", "Bao, Yanping", "Meng, Shiqiu", "Sun, Yankun", "Schumann, Gunter", "Kosten, Thomas", "Strang, John", "Lu, Lin", "Shi, Jie"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500608", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic and control measures may have increased the risk of abusing addictive substances as well as addictive behaviors. We present an initial online survey in 6416 Chinese about the relation between the COVID-19 pandemic and addictive behavior in China. During the COVID-19 pandemic, 46.8% of the subjects reported increased dependence on internet use, and 16.6% had longer hours of internet use. The prevalence (4.3%) of severe internet dependence rose up to 23% than that (3.5%) before the COVID-19 pandemic occurred, and their dependence degree rose 20 times more often than being declined (60% vs 3%). Relapses to abuse from alcohol and smoking abstinence were relatively common at 19% and 25%, respectively. Similarly, 32% of regular alcohol drinkers and 20% of regular smokers increased their usage amount during the pandemic. These three coping behaviors (internet, alcohol, and smoking) during this COVID-19-related crisis appear to have increased the risk for substance use disorders and internet addiction. (Am J Addict 2020;00:00-00)."}, {"pmid": 32317354, "title": "Covid-19: Brazil's president rallies supporters against social distancing.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317354", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32056396, "pmcid": "PMC7039716", "title": "Pneumonia Associated with 2019 Novel Coronavirus: Can Computed Tomographic Findings Help Predict the Prognosis of the Disease?", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Lee, Kyung Soo"], "date": "2020-02-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32056396", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221278, "title": "Alcohol consumption in the Covid-19 Era.", "journal": "Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol", "authors": ["Testino, Gianni", "Pellicano, Rinaldo"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221278", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466995, "pmcid": "PMC7206439", "title": "COVID-19 and fertility: a virtual reality.", "journal": "Reprod Biomed Online", "authors": ["Anifandis, George", "Messini, Christina I", "Daponte, Alexandros", "Messinis, Ioannis E"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466995", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is an extraordinary global situation, and all countries have adopted their own strategies to diminish and eliminate the spread of the virus. All measures are in line with the recommendations provided by the World Health Organization. Scientific societies, such as the European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology and American Society for Reproductive Medicine, have provided recommendations and guidance to overcome and flatten the growing curve of infection in patients who undergo IVF treatments. Although there is as yet no evidence that the virus causing COVID-19 might have negative effects on IVF outcomes, fertility treatments have been postponed in order to support healthcare systems by avoiding placing them under additional stress. The possibility of the virus affecting sperm function and egg performance cannot be excluded. In addition, an indirect effect of the virus on gametes and embryos during their manipulation cannot be ruled out. This commentary aims to provide some ideas on the possible effect of the virus on gametes and embryos, as well as how it could affect the normal functioning of the embryology laboratory."}, {"pmid": 32366489, "pmcid": "PMC7236823", "title": "Sleep apnoea management in Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic: data from the European Sleep Apnoea Database (ESADA).", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Grote, Ludger", "McNicholas, Walter T", "Hedner, Jan"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366489", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430310, "title": "Covid-19: Two hundred thank yous.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Moberly, Tom"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430310", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473879, "pmcid": "PMC7256603", "title": "POPCoRN One-Pagers: Educational Materials for Pediatric Providers Caring For Adults.", "journal": "Acad Pediatr", "authors": ["Lang, Alexander", "Burger, Barrett", "Doraiswamy, Vignesh", "Peterson, Rachel", "Shore, David", "Vithalani, Vrunda", "Pfarr, Marie"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473879", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409708, "pmcid": "PMC7224588", "title": "Keeping our eyecare providers and patients safe during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Teo, Kelvin Yi Chong", "Chan, R V Paul", "Cheung, Chui Ming Gemmy"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409708", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474656, "pmcid": "PMC7261208", "title": "Low Cost Homemade System to Disinfect Food Items from SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Med Syst", "authors": ["Debnath, Sushanta"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474656", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453690, "title": "Use of eye drops obtained from homologous blood source in the time of COVID-19: is there cause for ophthalmological concern?", "journal": "Blood Transfus", "authors": ["Giannaccare, Giuseppe", "Buzzi, Marina", "Versura, Piera"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453690", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410736, "pmcid": "PMC7221377", "title": "Evaluating intubation boxes for airway management.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Dalli, Jeffrey", "Khan, Mohammad F", "Marsh, Brian", "Nolan, Kevin", "Cahill, Ronan A"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410736", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369409, "title": "Considerations for Managing Patients With Hematologic Malignancy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Seattle Strategy.", "journal": "JCO Oncol Pract", "authors": ["Percival, Mary-Elizabeth M", "Lynch, Ryan C", "Halpern, Anna B", "Shadman, Mazyar", "Cassaday, Ryan D", "Ujjani, Chaitra", "Shustov, Andrei", "Tseng, Yolanda D", "Liu, Catherine", "Pergam, Steven", "Libby, Edward N", "Scott, Bart L", "Smith, Stephen D", "Green, Damian J", "Gopal, Ajay K", "Cowan, Andrew J"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369409", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In January 2020, the first documented patient in the United States infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was diagnosed in Washington State. Since that time, community spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the state has changed the practice of oncologic care at our comprehensive cancer center in Seattle. At the Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, the primary oncology clinic for the University of Washington/Fred Hutchinson Cancer Consortium, our specialists who manage adult patients with hematologic malignancies have rapidly adjusted clinical practices to mitigate the potential risks of COVID-19 to our patients. We suggest that our general management decisions and modifications in Seattle are broadly applicable to patients with hematologic malignancies. Despite a rapidly changing environment that necessitates opinion-based care, we provide recommendations that are based on best available data from clinical trials and collective knowledge of disease states."}, {"pmid": 32386875, "pmcid": "PMC7184021", "title": "Managing Cancer Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond.", "journal": "Trends Cancer", "authors": ["Alhalabi, Omar", "Subbiah, Vivek"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386875", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is posing insurmountable challenges to healthcare systems globally. Cancer therapy is complex, and outcomes are centered on timing. Many oncology societies and health ministries have issued guidelines for cancer care to enable oncologists and patients to navigate the crisis. Lessons learned should inform care models for future pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32398230, "title": "Interpreting a covid-19 test result.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Watson, Jessica", "Whiting, Penny F", "Brush, John E"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398230", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473864, "pmcid": "PMC7255273", "title": "Keys for analysis of diagnostic and serologic tests for CoV-2.", "journal": "Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis", "authors": ["Laccourreye, O", "Cohen, R", "Couloigner, V"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473864", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Based on a review of the medical literature, the authors document the key points regarding the tests available in France to screen for and diagnose of CoV-2 infestation."}, {"pmid": 32298137, "title": "VIRAL TRANSPORTATION IN COVID-19 PANDEMIC: INACTIVATED VIRUS TRANSPORTATION SHOULD BE IMPLEMENTED FOR SAFE TRANSPORTATION AND HANDLING AT DIAGNOSTICS LABORATORIES.", "journal": "Arch Pathol Lab Med", "authors": ["Dewar, Rajan", "Baunoch, David", "Wojno, Kirk", "Parkash, Vinita", "Khosravi-Far, Roya"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298137", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505815, "title": "Short-term Outcomes in Ambulatory Heart Failure during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights from Pulmonary Artery Pressure Monitoring.", "journal": "J Card Fail", "authors": ["Almufleh, Aws", "Ahluwalia, Monica", "Givertz, Michael M", "Weintraub, Joanne", "Young, Michelle", "Cooper, Irene", "Shea, Elaine", "Mehra, Mandeep R", "Desai, Akshay S"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505815", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32149769, "pmcid": "PMC7147283", "title": "Repurposing of clinically approved drugs for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 in a 2019-novel coronavirus-related coronavirus model.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Fan, Hua-Hao", "Wang, Li-Qin", "Liu, Wen-Li", "An, Xiao-Ping", "Liu, Zhen-Dong", "He, Xiao-Qi", "Song, Li-Hua", "Tong, Yi-Gang"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32149769", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Medicines for the treatment of 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections are urgently needed. However, drug screening using live 2019-nCoV requires high-level biosafety facilities, which imposes an obstacle for those institutions without such facilities or 2019-nCoV. This study aims to repurpose the clinically approved drugs for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a 2019-nCoV-related coronavirus model. A 2019-nCoV-related pangolin coronavirus GX_P2V/pangolin/2017/Guangxi was described. Whether GX_P2V uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the cell receptor was investigated by using small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing of ACE2. The pangolin coronavirus model was used to identify drug candidates for treating 2019-nCoV infection. Two libraries of 2406 clinically approved drugs were screened for their ability to inhibit cytopathic effects on Vero E6 cells by GX_P2V infection. The anti-viral activities and anti-viral mechanisms of potential drugs were further investigated. Viral yields of RNAs and infectious particles were quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and plaque assay, respectively. The spike protein of coronavirus GX_P2V shares 92.2% amino acid identity with that of 2019-nCoV isolate Wuhan-hu-1, and uses ACE2 as the receptor for infection just like 2019-nCoV. Three drugs, including cepharanthine (CEP), selamectin, and mefloquine hydrochloride, exhibited complete inhibition of cytopathic effects in cell culture at 10 \u03bcmol/L. CEP demonstrated the most potent inhibition of GX_P2V infection, with a concentration for 50% of maximal effect [EC50] of 0.98 \u03bcmol/L. The viral RNA yield in cells treated with 10 \u03bcmol/L CEP was 15,393-fold lower than in cells without CEP treatment ([6.48\u200a\u00b1\u200a0.02]\u200a\u00d7\u200a10vs. 1.00\u200a\u00b1\u200a0.12, t\u200a=\u200a150.38, P\u200a<\u200a0.001) at 72 h post-infection (p.i.). Plaque assays found no production of live viruses in media containing 10 \u03bcmol/L CEP at 48 h p.i. Furthermore, we found CEP had potent anti-viral activities against both viral entry (0.46\u200a\u00b1\u200a0.12, vs.1.00\u200a\u00b1\u200a0.37, t\u200a=\u200a2.42, P\u200a<\u200a0.05) and viral replication ([6.18\u200a\u00b1\u200a0.95]\u200a\u00d7\u200a10vs. 1.00\u200a\u00b1\u200a0.43, t\u200a=\u200a3.98, P\u200a<\u200a0.05). Our pangolin coronavirus GX_P2V is a workable model for 2019-nCoV research. CEP, selamectin, and mefloquine hydrochloride are potential drugs for treating 2019-nCoV infection. Our results strongly suggest that CEP is a wide-spectrum inhibitor of pan-betacoronavirus, and further study of CEP for treatment of 2019-nCoV infection is warranted."}, {"pmid": 32479823, "pmcid": "PMC7258834", "title": "Impact of Anti-TNF and Thiopurines medications on the development of COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A Nationwide VA cohort study.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Khan, Nabeel", "Patel, Dhruvan", "Xie, Dawei", "Lewis, James", "Trivedi, Chinmay", "Yang, Yu-Xiao"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479823", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304191, "pmcid": "PMC7195991", "title": "Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in children", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Tezer, Hasan", "Bedir Demirdag, Tugba"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304191", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was firstly reported at the end of 2019. The disease rapidly spread all around the world in a few months and was declared a worldwide pandemic by WHO in March 2020. By April 9, there were 1,436,198 confirmed COVID-19 cases in the world, nearly with 6% mortality rate. This novel infectious disease causes respiratory tract illness that may generally occur as mild upper respiratory tract disease or pneumonia. In older patients and/or patients with underlying conditions, it may result in acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi organ failure and even death. According to the current literature, children account approximately for 1%\u20135% of diagnosed COVID-19 cases. Generally, COVID-19 seems to be a less severe disease for children than adults. Approximately 90% of pediatric patients are diagnosed as asymptomatic, mild, or moderate disease. However, up to 6.7% of cases may be severe. Severe illness is generally seen in patients smaller than 1 year of age and patients who have underlying disesases. The epidemiological and clinical patterns of COVID-19 and treatment approaches in pediatric patients still remain unclear although many pediatric reports are published. This review aims to summarize the current epidemics, clinical presentations, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19 in pediatric patients."}, {"pmid": 32150527, "pmcid": "PMC7258461", "title": "Detection of Novel Coronavirus by RT-PCR in Stool Specimen from Asymptomatic Child, China.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Tang, An", "Tong, Zhen-Dong", "Wang, Hong-Ling", "Dai, Ya-Xin", "Li, Ke-Feng", "Liu, Jie-Nan", "Wu, Wen-Jie", "Yuan, Chen", "Yu, Meng-Lu", "Li, Peng", "Yan, Jian-Bo"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32150527", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report an asymptomatic child who was positive for a coronavirus by reverse transcription PCR in a stool specimen 17 days after the last virus exposure. The child was virus positive in stool specimens for at least an additional 9 days. Respiratory tract specimens were negative by reverse transcription PCR."}, {"pmid": 32286554, "title": "Coronavirus: a veterinary perspective.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["da Hora, Aline Santana"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286554", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321823, "pmcid": "PMC7178552", "title": "COVID-19: an Immunopathological View.", "journal": "mSphere", "authors": ["Kadkhoda, Kamran"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321823", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since its emergence in December 2019, it took only a couple of months for an outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to be declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). This along with the highly infectious nature of the disease and the associated mortality call for particular attention to the underlying (immuno)pathomechanism(s). The latter will inform case management and vaccine design. Unravelling these mechanisms can assist basic scientists, laboratory medicine practitioners, clinicians, public health practitioners, funding agencies, and health care policymakers in responding to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32035538, "pmcid": "PMC7133577", "title": "What next for the coronavirus response?", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Zarocostas, John"], "date": "2020-02-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32035538", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475179, "title": "COVID-19 and Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Remote Monitoring: Crocodile Tears or New Opportunity?", "journal": "Expert Rev Med Devices", "authors": ["Russo, Vincenzo", "Nigro, Gerardo", "D'Onofrio, Antonio"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475179", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358978, "pmcid": "PMC7267407", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: University of Naples Federico II Dermatology's model of dermatology reorganization.", "journal": "Int J Dermatol", "authors": ["Patri, Angela", "Gallo, Lucia", "Annunziata, Maria C", "Megna, Matteo", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358978", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362294, "pmcid": "PMC7218216", "title": "Regional variation in trajectories of healthcare worker infections during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Bellizzi, Saverio", "Panu Napodano, Catello Mario", "Salaris, Paola", "Pichierri, Giuseppe", "Sotgiu, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362294", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373315, "pmcid": "PMC7182299", "title": "The need to improve the laws and regulations relevant to the outbreak of COVID-19: What might be learned from China?", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Li, Hao", "Hu, Mengnan", "Liu, Shuang"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373315", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493516, "title": "The scope of mental health research in the COVID-19 Pandemic and its aftermath.", "journal": "Br J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Hotopf, Matthew", "Bullmore, Ed", "O'Connor, Rory C", "Holmes, Emily A"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493516", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437919, "pmcid": "PMC7211577", "title": "Managing Endovascular Workload during COVID-19 Outbreak-The Singapore Experience.", "journal": "Ann Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Quek, Lawrence Han Hwee", "Tan, Glenn Wei Leong", "Pua, Uei"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437919", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the outset and during the throes of the COVID-19 pandemic, as valuable resources are channeled to combat the pandemic, challenges in timely delivery of non-COVID-19-related health care services such as endovascular service arise. As such, this article looks at a tertiary institution's experience in managing its endovascular workload-referenced to the American College of Surgeons' triage of vascular surgery patient acuity-based case classification."}, {"pmid": 32446714, "pmcid": "PMC7241346", "title": "High Mortality Rates for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients with Pre-existing Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis: Preliminary Results from an International Registry.", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Moon, Andrew M", "Webb, Gwilym J", "Aloman, Costica", "Armstrong, Matthew J", "Cargill, Tamsin", "Dhanasekaran, Renumathy", "Genesca, Joan", "Gill, Upkar S", "James, Theodore W", "Jones, Patricia D", "Marshall, Aileen", "Mells, George", "Perumalswami, Ponni V", "Qi, Xiaolong", "Su, Feng", "Ufere, Nneka N", "Barnes, Eleanor", "Barritt, A Sidney 4th", "Marjot, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446714", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342637, "pmcid": "PMC7267455", "title": "COVID-19 and obesity.", "journal": "Clin Obes", "authors": ["Finer, Nick", "Garnett, Sarah P", "Bruun, Jens M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342637", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392380, "pmcid": "PMC7273071", "title": "Diabetes and COVID-19: psychosocial consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in people with diabetes in Denmark-what characterizes people with high levels of COVID-19-related worries?", "journal": "Diabet Med", "authors": ["Joensen, L E", "Madsen, K P", "Holm, L", "Nielsen, K A", "Rod, M H", "Petersen, A A", "Rod, N H", "Willaing, I"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392380", "countries": ["Denmark"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To map COVID-19-specific worries and overall psychosocial health among people with diabetes in the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark, and to explore characteristics of people with diabetes and high levels of worries related to the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional survey was conducted by distributing online questionnaires to 2430 adult members (>\u00a018\u00a0years) of two user panels consisting of people with diabetes who have volunteered to share information about their life with diabetes. The questionnaire included items on COVID-19-specific worries as well as such worries related to diabetes, sociodemographic and health status, social relations, diabetes-specific social support, diabetes distress and changes in diabetes-specific behaviours. Responses were analysed with descriptive statistics and logistic regressions. People with diabetes have COVID-19-specific worries related to their diabetes. More than half were worried about being overly affected due to diabetes if infected with COVID-19, about one-third about being characterized as a risk group due to diabetes and not being able to manage diabetes if infected. Logistic regressions showed that being female, having type 1 diabetes, diabetes complications and diabetes distress, feeling isolated and lonely, and having changed diabetes behaviours were associated with being more worried about COVID-19 and diabetes. People with diabetes have COVID-19-specific worries related to their diabetes which is associated with poorer psychosocial health. These worries should be addressed through support targeting specific questions and needs of individuals with diabetes as well as frequent updates on new knowledge regarding COVID-19 and diabetes."}, {"pmid": 32425264, "pmcid": "PMC7229939", "title": "Severe arterial thrombosis associated with Covid-19 infection.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Kashi, Mahine", "Jacquin, Aurelien", "Dakhil, Bassel", "Zaimi, Rym", "Mahe, Emmanuel", "Tella, Emilie", "Bagan, Patrick"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425264", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32201339, "pmcid": "PMC7270549", "title": "Hand hygiene and the novel coronavirus pandemic: The role of healthcare workers.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Lotfinejad, N", "Peters, A", "Pittet, D"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201339", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501536, "title": "Which are the \"emergent\" dermatologic practices during COVID-19 pandemic? Report from the lockdown in Milan, Italy.", "journal": "Int J Dermatol", "authors": ["Giacalone, Serena", "Bortoluzzi, Paolo", "Nazzaro, Gianluca"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501536", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359937, "pmcid": "PMC7172676", "title": "COVID-19 impact on timing of brachytherapy treatment and strategies for risk mitigation.", "journal": "Brachytherapy", "authors": ["Williams, Vonetta M", "Kahn, Jenna M", "Harkenrider, Matthew M", "Chino, Junzo", "Chen, Jonathan", "Fang, L Christine", "Dunn, Emily F", "Fields, Emma", "Mayadev, Jyoti S", "Rengan, Ramesh", "Petereit, Daniel", "Dyer, Brandon A"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359937", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this study was to highlight the importance of timely brachytherapy treatment for patients with gynecologic, breast, and prostate malignancies, and provide a framework for brachytherapy clinical practice and management in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We review amassing evidence to help guide the management and timing of brachytherapy for gynecologic, breast, and prostate cancers. Where concrete data could not be found, peer-reviewed expert opinion is provided. There may be a significant negative impact on oncologic outcomes for patients with gynecologic malignancies who have a delay in the timely completion of therapy. Delay of prostate or breast cancer treatment may also impact oncologic outcomes. If a treatment delay is expected, endocrine therapy may be an appropriate temporizing measure before delivery of radiation therapy. The use of shorter brachytherapy fractionation schedules will help minimize patient exposure and conserve resources. Brachytherapy remains a critical treatment for patients and may shorten treatment time and exposure for some. Reduced patient exposure and resource utilization is important during COVID-19. Every effort should be made to ensure timely brachytherapy delivery for patients with gynecologic malignancies, and endocrine therapy may help temporize treatment delays for breast and prostate cancer patients. Physicians should continue to follow developing institutional, state, and federal guidelines/recommendations as challenges in delivering care during COVID-19 will continue to evolve."}, {"pmid": 32304395, "pmcid": "PMC7217124", "title": "COVID-19 Respiratory Failure: Targeting Inflammation on VV-ECMO Support.", "journal": "ASAIO J", "authors": ["Hartman, Matthew E", "Hernandez, Roland A", "Patel, Krish", "Wagner, Teresa E", "Trinh, Tony", "Lipke, Anne B", "Yim, Eric T", "Pulido, Juan N", "Pagel, John M", "Youssef, Samuel J", "Mignone, John L"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304395", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that causes the respiratory illness COVID-19 has led to unprecedented efforts at containment due to its rapid community spread, associated mortality, and lack of immunization and treatment. We herein detail a case of a young patient who suffered life-threatening disease and multiorgan failure. His clinical course involved rapid and profound respiratory decompensation such that he required support with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO). He also demonstrated hyperinflammation (C-reactive protein peak 444.6\u2009mg/L) with severe cytokine elevation (Interleukin-6 peak > 3000 pg/ml). Through treatment targeting hyperinflammation, he recovered from critical COVID-19 respiratory failure and required only 160 hours of VV-ECMO support. He was extubated 4 days after decannulation, had progressive renal recovery, and was discharged to home on hospital day 24. Of note, repeat SARS-CoV-2 test was negative 21 days after his first positive test. We present one of the first successful cases of VV-ECMO support to recovery of COVID-19 respiratory failure in North America."}, {"pmid": 32528136, "title": "Considering how biological sex impacts immune responses and COVID-19 outcomes.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Scully, Eileen P", "Haverfield, Jenna", "Ursin, Rebecca L", "Tannenbaum, Cara", "Klein, Sabra L"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528136", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A male bias in mortality has emerged in the COVID-19 pandemic, which is consistent with the pathogenesis of other viral infections. Biological sex differences may manifest themselves in susceptibility to infection, early pathogenesis, innate viral control, adaptive immune responses or the balance of inflammation and tissue repair in the resolution of infection. We discuss available sex-disaggregated epidemiological data from the COVID-19 pandemic, introduce sex-differential features of immunity and highlight potential sex differences underlying COVID-19 severity. We propose that sex differences in immunopathogenesis will inform mechanisms of COVID-19, identify points for therapeutic intervention and improve vaccine design and increase vaccine efficacy."}, {"pmid": 32282412, "pmcid": "PMC7197341", "title": "Preparing to Perform Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery on Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Rodrigues-Pinto, Ricardo", "Sousa, Ricardo", "Oliveira, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282412", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32170806, "pmcid": "PMC7228361", "title": "Liver injury during highly pathogenic human coronavirus infections.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Xu, Ling", "Liu, Jia", "Lu, Mengji", "Yang, Dongliang", "Zheng, Xin"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32170806", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2), the pathogen of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has posed a serious threat to global public health. The WHO has declared the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection an international public health emergency. Lung lesions have been considered as the major damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, liver injury has also been reported to occur during the course of the disease in severe cases. Similarly, previous studies have shown that liver damage was common in the patients infected by the other two highly pathogenic coronavirus - severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and associated with the severity of diseases. In this review, the characteristics and mechanism of liver injury caused by SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV as well as SARS-CoV-2 infection were summarized, which may provide help for further studies on the liver injury of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32393458, "title": "Response to Covid-19: An ethical imperative to build a resilient health system in India.", "journal": "Indian J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Gopichandran, Vijayaprasad", "Subramaniam, Sudarshini"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393458", "countries": ["China", "India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "China reported cases of a severe form of pneumonia in December 2019 from Wuhan city, Hubei province. The virus causing this illness was identified as the novel Coronavirus 2019, which has now been christened Covid-19. The illness is characterised by fever, cough, body pain and in a few cases, progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) which marks very serious damage to the lungs (1-4). Apart from Wuhan, China, the virus has spread to 26 other countries as on February 18, 2020. Of these 26 countries, the cases of Covid-19 have been exported directly from China in 23 of them. As on February 23, 2020, a total of 78,811 confirmed cases, 2445 deaths have been reported globally. The World Health Organization declared this as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on January 30, 2020 (5)."}, {"pmid": 32426364, "pmcid": "PMC7203551", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine: A Familiar Agent to Combat the Pandemic of COVID-19.", "journal": "Front Med (Lausanne)", "authors": ["Polymeropoulos, Vasilios M"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426364", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448247, "pmcid": "PMC7246085", "title": "Epidemiological models are important tools for guiding COVID-19 interventions.", "journal": "BMC Med", "authors": ["Thompson, Robin N"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448247", "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417768, "title": "Zero tolerance for complacency by government of West African countries in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Hum Antibodies", "authors": ["Erhabor, O", "Erhabor, T", "Adias, T C", "Okara, G C", "Retsky, M"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417768", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Spain", "China", "United Kingdom", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing a cluster of respiratory infections (Coronavirus Disease 2019, COVID-19) first discovered in Wuhan, China is responsible for a new illness that has been found to affect the lungs and airways of patients with associated symptoms of fever, cough and shortness of breath. In the light of few cases recorded so far in West Africa there is tendency for complacency. The region needs to make strategic plans based on available evidence to enable them effectively deal with this rapidly evolving pandemic. At this very moment countries like China, Italy, France, Spain, Iran, UK and many others are witnessing sustained and intensive community transmission of this virus and increasing numbers of severe disease and death particularly among elderly patients with other comorbidities. The reality of the seriousness of this pandemic is alarming. Government of member states of ECOWAS need to prepare themselves by building capacity as well as implement evidenced-based steps to mitigate this rapidly evolving pandemic by testing persons presenting with symptoms (fever, cough and shortness of breath), isolating and treating those found positive, tracing and quarantining contacts, implementing social distancing as well as optimizing human and material endowment to allow healthcare workers offer safe quality clinical care for affected patients to prevent secondary infection among healthcare workers."}, {"pmid": 32296594, "pmcid": "PMC7156212", "title": "A systematic approach is needed to contain COVID-19 globally.", "journal": "Sci Bull (Beijing)", "authors": ["Zhao, Wenwu", "Zhang, Junze", "Meadows, Michael E", "Liu, Yanxu", "Hua, Ting", "Fu, Bojie"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296594", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424192, "title": "CRISPR tool scales up to interrogate a huge line-up of viral suspects.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Storch, Gregory A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424192", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495219, "pmcid": "PMC7269701", "title": "Clinical Features and Treatment Protocol in Eleven Chinese Children with Mild COVID-19.", "journal": "Indian J Pediatr", "authors": ["Gao, Youfang", "Zhang, Dongfeng", "Sui, Sumin", "Xu, Renying"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495219", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512349, "title": "Clinically significant anticardiolipin antibodies associated with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Crit Care", "authors": ["Hossri, Sami", "Shadi, Mahmoud", "Hamarsha, Zaid", "Schneider, Rick", "El-Sayegh, Dany"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512349", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus strain known as SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly spread around the world creating distinct challenges to the healthcare workforce. Coagulopathy contributing to significant morbidity in critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 has now been well documented. We discuss two cases selected from patients requiring critical care in April 2020 in New York City with a unique clinical course. Both cases reveal significant thrombotic events noted on imaging during their hospital course. Obtaining serial inflammatory markers in conjunction with anti-phospholipid antibody testing revealed clinically significant Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). This case series reviews the details preceding APS observed in SARS-CoV-2 and aims to report findings that could potentially further our understanding of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32391444, "pmcid": "PMC7205717", "title": "Long-term Institutional Experience with Telemedicine Services for Radiation Oncology: A Potential Model for Long-term Utilization.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Lewis, Gary D", "Hatch, Sandra S", "Wiederhold, Lee R", "Swanson, Todd A"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391444", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the development of the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare practices and radiation oncology departments have begun to incorporate telemedicine services to practice social distancing and minimize the chances of disease spread. Given the severity of this pandemic, it will likely fundamentally impact the use of these services for years to come. Our institution and radiation oncology department have used telemedicine services for many years; we would like to report on our departmental experience to guide other radiation oncology practices on its long-term use for clinical evaluation and patient care. Our institution's telemedicine program provides clinical services for a number of remote locations and represents the largest telehealth network in the world, with over 300 sites and 60,000 patient encounters a year. Specifically for our radiation oncology department, over 200 patient encounters occur via telemedicine a year. Patients report great appreciation and satisfaction with these encounters, as they eliminate the time and energy needed for travel from long distances. It has resulted in improved efficiency and cost-effectiveness as well. Based on our institutional experience, our long-term vision for telemedicine (after the COVID-19 pandemic has hopefully subsided) is as an excellent and cost-efficient tool to provide long-term follow-up for patients, especially for those who live far away in rural or underserved areas."}, {"pmid": 32313754, "pmcid": "PMC7164711", "title": "An Epidemiological Study on COVID-19: A Rapidly Spreading Disease.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Khachfe, Hussein H", "Chahrour, Mohamad", "Sammouri, Julie", "Salhab, Hamza", "Makki, Bassel Eldeen", "Fares, Mohamad"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313754", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) caused a major public health crisis worldwide and challenged healthcare systems across the six continents. The high infectivity of the disease led many governments to adopt strict regulations and measures with the aim of containing its spread. The purpose of this study is to assess the incidence, severity, and territorial expansion of COVID-19. Methods Data from the World Health Organization was screened, and COVID-19 situation reports were extracted from January 21 up till March 14 (inclusive). Our data included the total number of cases, total number of new cases, total number of cured cases, and total number of related deaths. Percentage change of cases over the days of our study were calculated using the Joinpoint regression, with a significance level set at greater than 0.05. Results The total number of COVID-19 cases reached 156,622, with 5,845 subsequent deaths. China, Italy, and Iran have the highest number of cases worldwide. During the first 22 days, the incidence rate of COVID-19 increased significantly to reach 1.81 cases per million persons (p<0.001). That was followed by a significant decrease over the next 11 days (p<0.001) to reach 0.071 cases per million persons. A steady rise then followed, which saw a significant increase in incidence rate to 1.429 cases per million persons (p<0.001). Percentages of death and cured cases varied across the different countries; nevertheless, death percentages have generally been decreasing since the start of the crisis. Conclusion Adopting precautionary regulations such as social isolation, increasing sanitation, and employing strict quarantine measures have proved to be beneficial in containing the virus. Further research needs to be conducted to help discover therapeutic modalities and improve outcomes."}, {"pmid": 31988464, "pmcid": "PMC7096019", "title": "China's response to a novel coronavirus stands in stark contrast to the 2002 SARS outbreak response.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Nkengasong, John"], "date": "2020-01-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31988464", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527765, "title": "David Oliver: The structural problems highlighted by covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Oliver, David"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527765", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32198152, "title": "COVID-19 in gastroenterology: a clinical perspective.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Ong, John", "Young, Barnaby Edward", "Ong, Sharon"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198152", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354814, "title": "Viewpoint: COVID-19. This virus is not the real enemy, but our approach to it could be.", "journal": "Br J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Dawnay, Giles"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354814", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425234, "pmcid": "PMC7233252", "title": "Corticosteroids, but not TNF Antagonists, are Associated with Adverse COVID-19 Outcomes in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Results from an International Registry.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Brenner, Erica J", "Ungaro, Ryan C", "Gearry, Richard B", "Kaplan, Gilaad G", "Kissous-Hunt, Michele", "Lewis, James D", "Ng, Siew C", "Rahier, Jean-Francois", "Reinisch, Walter", "Ruemmele, Frank M", "Steinwurz, Flavio", "Underwood, Fox E", "Zhang, Xian", "Colombel, Jean-Frederic", "Kappelman, Michael D"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425234", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The impact of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unknown. We sought to characterize the clinical course of COVID-19 among IBD patients and evaluate the association between demographics, clinical characteristics, and immunosuppressant treatments on COVID-19 outcomes. Surveillance Epidemiology of Coronavirus Under Research Exclusion for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (SECURE-IBD) is a large, international registry created to monitor outcomes of IBD patients with confirmed COVID-19. We calculated age-standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and utilized multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with severe COVID-19, defined as intensive care unit admission, ventilator use, and/or death. 525 cases from 33 countries were reported (Median age 43 years, 53% men). Thirty-seven patients (7%) had severe COVID-19, 161 (31%) were hospitalized, and 16 patients died (3% case fatality rate). SMRs for IBD patients were 1.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9-2.6), 1.5 (95% CI 0.7-2.2), and 1.7 (95% CI 0.9-2.5) relative to data from China, Italy, and the US, respectively. Risk factors for severe COVID-19 among IBD patients included increasing age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.02), \u22652 comorbidities (aOR 2.9, 95% CI 1.1-7.8), systemic corticosteroids (aOR 6.9, 95% CI 2.3-20.5), and sulfasalazine or 5-aminosalicylate use (aOR 3.1, 95% CI 1.3-7.7). TNF antagonist treatment was not associated with severe COVID-19 (aOR 0.9, 95% CI 0.4-2.2). Increasing age, comorbidities, and corticosteroids are associated with severe COVID-19 among IBD patients, although a causal relationship cannot be definitively established. Notably, TNF antagonists do not appear to be associated with severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32445764, "pmcid": "PMC7238979", "title": "The START (Surgical Triage And Resource Allocation Tool) of Surgical Prioritisation during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Tan, Yi Quan", "Wang, Ziting", "Tiong, Ho Yee", "Chua, Wei Jin", "Wu, Qing Hui", "Chiong, Edmund"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445764", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503824, "title": "Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Markers in SARS-COV-2 Infection and Pneumonia: Case-Control Study.", "journal": "In Vivo", "authors": ["Koseler, Aylin", "Sabirli, Ramazan", "Goren, Tarik", "Turkcuer, Ibrahim", "Kurt, Ozgur"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503824", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel human coronavirus, named SARS-COV-2, has recently caused thousands of deaths all around the world. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays an important role in the development of diseases. We aimed to to investigate the relationship between ER stress markers in patients infected with SARS-COV-2 and patients with pneumonia. A total of 9 patients (4 patients diagnosed with pneumonia and 5 patients diagnosed with SARS-COV-2 infection) who admitted to the emergency Department with symptoms of pneumonia and SARS-COV-2 were included in the study. A total of 18 healthy individuals without any known chronic or acute disease and drug use were included as the healthy control group. Serum human glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), serum human C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and serum human phospho extracellular signal regulated kinase (PERK) levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). GRP78 levels were found to be significantly higher in SARS-COV-2 positive cases compared to individuals in other groups. Serum GRP-78 level median value was statistically significantly higher in SARS-COV-2-positive group compared to the other groups (p=0.0003). Serum PERK level was statistically significantly higher in SARS-COV-2-positive pneumonia cases (p=0.046). An association was shown between GRP78 and SARS-COV-2 infection. Although a small number of patients was investigated, these results will be important and guide future treatments of SARS-COV-2."}, {"pmid": 32341331, "pmcid": "PMC7186116", "title": "A retrospective cohort study of methylprednisolone therapy in severe patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Signal Transduct Target Ther", "authors": ["Wang, Yin", "Jiang, Weiwei", "He, Qi", "Wang, Cheng", "Wang, Baoju", "Zhou, Pan", "Dong, Nianguo", "Tong, Qiaoxia"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341331", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464700, "title": "Use of COVID-19 convalescent plasma in low- and middle-income countries: a call for ethical principles and the assurance of quality and safety.", "journal": "Vox Sang", "authors": ["Epstein, Jay", "Smid, Martin", "Wendel, Silvano", "Somuah, Daniel", "Burnouf, Thierry"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464700", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Most high-income countries are aggressively engaged in the collection and research evaluation of convalescent plasma as a specific passive immunotherapy for treatment of COVID-19. Preliminary clinical data fully support such initiatives. Outbreaks of COVID-19 are now dramatically affecting LMIC, which have restricted capability for ensuring organized and controlled collection of safe blood and plasma collection due to fragmented blood systems with limited oversight, infrastructure, equipment, and trained personnel. Nevertheless, there is an urgent effort in LMIC to provide COVID-19 convalescent plasma as a potentially effective therapy that can be produced locally. The Working Party on Global Blood Safety of the International Society of Blood Transfusion has published \"Points to consider in the preparation and transfusion of COVID-19 convalescent plasma in low- and middle- income countries\". The purpose of this commentary is to provide an urgent general frame of ethical and technical recommendations on the use of convalescent plasma to treat patients affected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus in LMIC. Key ethical, quality, and safety guidance for the selection of donors, the collection and processing of blood, and the transfusion of COVID-19 convalescent plasma should be followed. Governments should be reminded that an adequate supply of quality and safe blood components for transfusion is essential to meet the primary healthcare needs of the population. The response to the COVID-19 epidemic highlights the importance of capacity building for an organized and sustainable national blood system while steps are taken to provide appropriately collected, tested and processed COVID-19 convalescent plasma for investigational clinical use."}, {"pmid": 32269089, "pmcid": "PMC7144263", "title": "ACE-2 expression in the small airway epithelia of smokers and COPD patients: implications for COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Leung, Janice M", "Yang, Chen X", "Tam, Anthony", "Shaipanich, Tawimas", "Hackett, Tillie-Louise", "Singhera, Gurpreet K", "Dorscheid, Delbert R", "Sin, Don D"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269089", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296246, "pmcid": "PMC7158813", "title": "[Whether to make decisions \"on the fly\" regarding treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection].", "journal": "Rev Clin Esp", "authors": ["de Medrano, V Abril Lopez", "de Lucas, E Merino", "Salavert Lleti, M"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296246", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234713, "title": "Covid-19: Doctors still at \"considerable risk\" from lack of PPE, BMA warns.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234713", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345858, "pmcid": "PMC7202112", "title": "Anesthesiologists and the High Risk of Exposure to COVID-19.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Garcia-Mendez, Nayely", "Lagarda Cuevas, Juan", "Otzen, Tamara", "Manterola, Carlos"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345858", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32201335, "pmcid": "PMC7198856", "title": "Cardiovascular Considerations for Patients, Health Care Workers, and Health Systems During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Driggin, Elissa", "Madhavan, Mahesh V", "Bikdeli, Behnood", "Chuich, Taylor", "Laracy, Justin", "Biondi-Zoccai, Giuseppe", "Brown, Tyler S", "Der Nigoghossian, Caroline", "Zidar, David A", "Haythe, Jennifer", "Brodie, Daniel", "Beckman, Joshua A", "Kirtane, Ajay J", "Stone, Gregg W", "Krumholz, Harlan M", "Parikh, Sahil A"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201335", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 that has significant implications for the cardiovascular care of patients. First, those with COVID-19 and pre-existing cardiovascular disease have an increased risk of severe disease and death. Second, infection has been associated with multiple direct and indirect cardiovascular complications including acute myocardial injury, myocarditis, arrhythmias, and venous thromboembolism. Third, therapies under investigation for COVID-19 may have cardiovascular side effects. Fourth, the response to COVID-19 can compromise the rapid triage of non-COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular conditions. Finally, the provision of cardiovascular care may place health care workers in a position of vulnerability as they become hosts or vectors of virus transmission. We hereby review the peer-reviewed and pre-print reports pertaining to\u00a0cardiovascular considerations related to COVID-19 and highlight gaps in knowledge that require further study pertinent to patients, health care workers, and health systems."}, {"pmid": 32429450, "title": "De-Escalation by Reversing the Escalation with a Stronger Synergistic Package of Contact Tracing, Quarantine, Isolation and Personal Protection: Feasibility of Preventing a COVID-19 Rebound in Ontario, Canada, as a Case Study.", "journal": "Biology (Basel)", "authors": ["Tang, Biao", "Scarabel, Francesca", "Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi", "McCarthy, Zachary", "Glazer, Michael", "Xiao, Yanyu", "Heffernan, Jane M", "Asgary, Ali", "Ogden, Nicholas Hume", "Wu, Jianhong"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429450", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, most Canadian provinces have gone through four distinct phases of social distancing and enhanced testing. A transmission dynamics model fitted to the cumulative case time series data permits us to estimate the effectiveness of interventions implemented in terms of the contact rate, probability of transmission per contact, proportion of isolated contacts, and detection rate. This allows us to calculate the control reproduction number during different phases (which gradually decreased to less than one). From this, we derive the necessary conditions in terms of enhanced social distancing, personal protection, contact tracing, quarantine/isolation strength at each escalation phase for the disease control to avoid a rebound. From this, we quantify the conditions needed to prevent epidemic rebound during de-escalation by simply reversing the escalation process."}, {"pmid": 32525035, "title": "The Importance of Anaesthetists in Restarting Elective Surgery.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Mehr, Soheeb", "Amin, Pajam", "Ashraf, M"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525035", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32197108, "pmcid": "PMC7138151", "title": "Clinical course and mortality risk of severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Weiss, Paul", "Murdoch, David R"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32197108", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399517, "pmcid": "PMC7216868", "title": "A Possible Scenario for the Covid-19 Epidemic, Based on the SI(R) Model.", "journal": "SN Compr Clin Med", "authors": ["Rocchi, Ettore", "Peluso, Sara", "Sisti, Davide", "Carletti, Margherita"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399517", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many attempts to build epidemic models of the current Covid-19 epidemic have been made in the recent past. However, only models postulating permanent immunity have been proposed. In this paper, we propose a SI(R) model in order to forecast the evolution of the epidemic under the hypothesis of not permanent immunity. This model offers an analytical solution to the problem of finding possible steady states, providing the following equilibrium values: Susceptible about 17%, Recovered (including deceased and healed) ranging from 79 to 81%, and Infected ranging from 2 to 4%. However, it is crucial to consider that the results concerning the recovered, which at first glance are particularly impressive, include the huge proportion of asymptomatic subjects. On the basis of these considerations, we analyse the situation in the province of Pesaro-Urbino, one of the main outbreaks of the epidemic in Italy."}, {"pmid": 32501020, "title": "Service-learning in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: Emerging lessons from the Department of Family Medicine and Public Health at the University of Botswana.", "journal": "Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med", "authors": ["Tsima, Billy M", "Masupe, Tiny", "Setlhare, Vincent"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501020", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted many lives worldwide. Training programmes in academic institutions have also been affected by the pandemic. Teaching and learning family medicine and public health medicine in the COVID-19 era require adjustments to training activities. At the University of Botswana, the pandemic presented an opportunity to steer training programmes in the Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Medicine more towards service-learning. The department collaborated with the Ministry of Health and Wellness as well as the District Health Management teams in the national response to the pandemic as essential service providers. The increased demands for service provision were balanced with educational opportunities for trainees during the COVID-19 public health emergency. Including structured ongoing reflections for trainees involved in the COVID-19 response helps to connect service and the academic curriculum."}, {"pmid": 32265331, "pmcid": "PMC7157776", "title": "Single-Dose, Intranasal Immunization with Recombinant Parainfluenza Virus 5 Expressing Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Spike Protein Protects Mice from Fatal MERS-CoV Infection.", "journal": "mBio", "authors": ["Li, Kun", "Li, Zhuo", "Wohlford-Lenane, Christine", "Meyerholz, David K", "Channappanavar, Rudragouda", "An, Dong", "Perlman, Stanley", "McCray, Paul B Jr", "He, Biao"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265331", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) can cause severe and fatal acute respiratory disease in humans and remains endemic in the Middle East since first being identified in 2012. There are currently no approved vaccines or therapies available for MERS-CoV. In this study, we evaluated parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5)-based vaccine expressing the MERS-CoV envelope spike protein (PIV5/MERS-S) in a human DPP4 knockin C57BL/6 congenic mouse model (hDPP4 KI). Following a single-dose intranasal immunization, PIV5-MERS-S induced neutralizing antibody and robust T cell responses in hDPP4 KI mice. A single intranasal administration of 104 PFU PIV5-MERS-S provided complete protection against a lethal challenge with mouse-adapted MERS-CoV (MERSMA6.1.2) and improved virus clearance in the lung. In comparison, single-dose intramuscular immunization with 106 PFU UV-inactivated MERSMA6.1.2 mixed with Imject alum provided protection to only 25% of immunized mice. Intriguingly, an influx of eosinophils was observed only in the lungs of mice immunized with inactivated MERS-CoV, suggestive of a hypersensitivity-type response. Overall, our study indicated that PIV5-MERS-S is a promising effective vaccine candidate against MERS-CoV infection.IMPORTANCE MERS-CoV causes lethal infection in humans, and there is no vaccine. Our work demonstrates that PIV5 is a promising vector for developing a MERS vaccine. Furthermore, success of PIV5-based MERS vaccine can be employed to develop a vaccine for emerging CoVs such as SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32193905, "pmcid": "PMC7086086", "title": "First Pediatric Case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Park, Ji Young", "Han, Mi Seon", "Park, Kyoung Un", "Kim, Ji Young", "Choi, Eun Hwa"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32193905", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The large outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that started in Wuhan, China has now spread to many countries worldwide. Current epidemiologic knowledge suggests that relatively few cases are seen among children, which limits opportunities to address pediatric specific issues on infection control and the children's contribution to viral spread in the community. Here, we report the first pediatric case of COVID-19 in Korea. The 10-year-old girl was a close contact of her uncle and her mother who were confirmed to have COVID-19. In this report, we present mild clinical course of her pneumonia that did not require antiviral treatment and serial viral test results from multiple specimens. Lastly, we raise concerns on the optimal strategy of self-quarantine and patient care in a negative isolation room for children."}, {"pmid": 32382776, "pmcid": "PMC7205481", "title": "Signals of Th2 immune response from COVID-19 patients requiring intensive care.", "journal": "Ann Hematol", "authors": ["Roncati, Luca", "Nasillo, Vincenzo", "Lusenti, Beatrice", "Riva, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382776", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476126, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Clinical Perspectives and Ongoing Challenges.", "journal": "West Afr J Med", "authors": ["Arawomo, A O", "Ajibade, A I", "Adeniyi, B", "Aigbirior, J", "Erhabor, G E"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476126", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emerging infectious diseases pose a great hazard to public health and the global economy. A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged from Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Since then, it has spread globally causing a global health emergency of inconceivable magnitude, with significant morbidity and mortality. There is the need for clinicians and health care providers to understand and gain knowledge of the different aspects of the disease as it evolves. We reviewed existing literature on COVID-19 in order to present a synopsis of current understanding of the disease. Using PubMed, Embase and Medline, articles published between January and April 2020 on Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and resources from World Health Organisation were analyzed in order to have an understanding of the clinical characteristics, transmission dynamics, virology, diagnostic possibilities, prevention, management approach, controversies and impact of COVID-19 on the healthcare workforce. Our review revealed that COVID-19 patients present with a myriad of symptoms, ranging from mild to severe respiratory disease, which can often be fatal. The mode of transmission via droplet infections makes it unduly contagious and difficult to control. Currently, antiviral drugs or vaccines are being developed to manage this condition. There is urgent need for potent antivirals and vaccine to manage those infected with COVID 19 and prevent infection. Global efforts need to be unified in combating this public health emergency and flattening the curve of spread."}, {"pmid": 32220202, "title": "Clinical Characteristics of Covid-19 in China.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Zavascki, Alexandre P", "Falci, Diego R"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220202", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233719, "title": "The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health.", "journal": "Int J Soc Psychiatry", "authors": ["Torales, Julio", "O'Higgins, Marcelo", "Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio", "Ventriglio, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233719", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus infection among humans in Wuhan (China) and its spreading around the globe is heavily impacting on the global health and mental health. Despite all resources employed to counteract the spreading of the virus, additional global strategies are needed to handle the related mental health issues. Published articles concerning mental health related to the COVID-19 outbreak and other previous global infections have been considered and reviewed. This outbreak is leading to additional health problems such as stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, insomnia, denial, anger and fear globally. Collective concerns influence daily behaviors, economy, prevention strategies and decision-making from policy makers, health organizations and medical centers, which can weaken strategies of COVID-19 control and lead to more morbidity and mental health needs at global level."}, {"pmid": 32306290, "pmcid": "PMC7165253", "title": "Venous thrombosis and arteriosclerosis obliterans of lower extremities in a very severe patient with 2019 novel coronavirus disease: a case report.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Zhou, Bo", "She, Jianqing", "Wang, Yadan", "Ma, Xiancang"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306290", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) began since early December 2019, and has been declared as a public health emergency by the World Health Organization. Due to the hypercoagulable state, blood stasis and endothelial injury, severe patients with COVID-19 are at high risk for thrombosis. We report a case of very severe COVID-19 complicated with venous thrombosis and arteriosclerosis obliterans of lower extremities. Risk stratification for deep vein thrombosis and peripheral arterial disease are of vital importance for the prognosis of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32282339, "pmcid": "PMC7253045", "title": "Staying Active in Isolation: Telerehabilitation for Individuals With the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Mukaino, Masahiko", "Tatemoto, Tsuyoshi", "Kumazawa, Nobuhiro", "Tanabe, Shigeo", "Katoh, Masaki", "Saitoh, Eiichi", "Otaka, Yohei"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282339", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416990, "pmcid": "PMC7186195", "title": "A special issue on respiration and the airway: critical topics at a challenging time.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Asai, Takashi", "O'Sullivan, Ellen P", "Hemmings, Hugh C Jr"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416990", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220898, "title": "Covid-19: Researchers launch app to track spread of symptoms in the UK.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mayor, Susan"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220898", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514608, "title": "Management of pediatric rheumatic patients in Kazakhstan during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Rheumatol Int", "authors": ["Mukusheva, Zaure", "Assylbekova, Maikesh", "Poddighe, Dimitri"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514608", "countries": ["Kazakhstan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418763, "pmcid": "PMC7211666", "title": "The preventive effect of hydrocolloid dressing to prevent facial pressure and facial marks during use of medical protective equipment in COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Del Castillo Pardo de Vera, J L", "Reina Alcalde, S", "Cebrian Carretero, J L", "Burgueno Garcia, M"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418763", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291542, "pmcid": "PMC7154215", "title": "The epidemiology and clinical information about COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ge, Huipeng", "Wang, Xiufen", "Yuan, Xiangning", "Xiao, Gong", "Wang, Chengzhi", "Deng, Tianci", "Yuan, Qiongjing", "Xiao, Xiangcheng"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291542", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, pneumonia of unknown cause occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. On 7 January 2020, a novel coronavirus, named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified in the throat swab sample of one patient. The World Health Organization (WHO) announced the epidemic disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Currently, COVID-19 has spread widely around the world, affecting more than seventy countries. China, with a huge burden of this disease, has taken strong measures to control the spread and improve the curative rate of COVID-19. In this review, we summarized the epidemiological characteristics, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of COVID-19. A comprehensive understanding will help to control the disease."}, {"pmid": 32435961, "pmcid": "PMC7238959", "title": "SAGES primer for taking care of yourself during and after the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Surg Endosc", "authors": ["Dort, Jonathan", "Romanelli, John", "Choudhury, Nabajit", "Flink, Benjamin J", "Lak, Kathleen", "Levy, Shauna", "Needleman, Bradley J", "Paget, Charles J 3rd", "Telem, Dana", "Schwarz, Erin", "Zhang, Linda P", "Sylla, Patricia", "Mellinger, John D", "Matthews, Brent D", "Feldman, Liane", "Pryor, Aurora D", "Asbun, Horacio J"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435961", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a pandemic which has affected almost every aspect of our life since starting globally in November 2019. Given the rapidity of spread and inadequate time to prepare for record numbers of sick patients, our surgical community faces an unforeseen challenge. SAGES is committed to the protection and care of patients, their surgeons and staff, and all who are served by the medical community at large. This includes physical health, mental health, and well-being of all involved. The fear of the unknown ahead can be paralyzing. International news media have chronicled the unthinkable situations that physicians and other health care providers have been thrust into as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. These situations include making life or death decisions for patients and their families regarding use of limited health care resources. It includes caring for patients with quickly deteriorating conditions and limited treatments available. Until recently, these situations seemed far from home, and now they are in our own hospitals. As the pandemic broadened its reach, the reality that we as surgeons may be joining the front line is real. It may be happening to you now; it may be on the horizon in the coming weeks. In this context, SAGES put together this document addressing concerns on clinician stressors in these times of uncertainty. We chose to focus on the emotional toll of the situation on the clinician, protecting vulnerable persons, reckoning with social isolation, and promoting wellness during this crisis. At the same time, the last part of this document deals with the \"light at the end of the tunnel,\" discussing potential opportunities, lessons learned, and the positives that can come out of this crisis."}, {"pmid": 32366509, "pmcid": "PMC7211068", "title": "Editorial debate: Challenges we oncologists, working within a universal healthcare system, have to face in these hard times.", "journal": "ESMO Open", "authors": ["Cervantes, Andres"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366509", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32224712, "pmcid": "PMC7202099", "title": "COVID-19, a UK perspective.", "journal": "Eur J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Avery, Joanna", "Bloom, Benjamin"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224712", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340997, "title": "Global regulatory agility during covid-19 and other health emergencies.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mak, Tippi K", "Lim, John Cw", "Thanaphollert, Prapassorn", "Mahlangu, Gugu N", "Cooke, Emer", "Lumpkin, Murray M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340997", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32078967, "pmcid": "PMC7134790", "title": "Coronaphobia: Fear and the 2019-nCoV outbreak.", "journal": "J Anxiety Disord", "authors": ["Asmundson, Gordon J G", "Taylor, Steven"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32078967", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275291, "title": "The Spectrum of Neurologic Disease in the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Pandemic Infection: Neurologists Move to the Frontlines.", "journal": "JAMA Neurol", "authors": ["Pleasure, Samuel J", "Green, Ari J", "Josephson, S Andrew"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275291", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}]