[{"pmid": 32364256, "pmcid": "PMC7267437", "title": "Paediatric ethical issues during the COVID-19 pandemic are not just about ventilator triage.", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Haward, Marlyse F", "Moore, Gregory P", "Lantos, John", "Janvier, Annie"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364256", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243784, "pmcid": "PMC7270522", "title": "Protecting the psychological health of children through effective communication about COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Dalton, Louise", "Rapa, Elizabeth", "Stein, Alan"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243784", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32229501, "pmcid": "PMC7174009", "title": "Cancer care during the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy: young oncologists' perspective.", "journal": "ESMO Open", "authors": ["Lambertini, Matteo", "Toss, Angela", "Passaro, Antonio", "Criscitiello, Carmen", "Cremolini, Chiara", "Cardone, Claudia", "Loupakis, Fotios", "Viscardi, Giuseppe", "Meattini, Icro", "Dieci, Maria Vittoria", "Ferrara, Roberto", "Giusti, Raffaele", "Maio, Massimo Di"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229501", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Click here to listen to the Podcast."}, {"pmid": 32507123, "title": "Self-reported anosmia and dysgeusia as key symptoms of COVID-19.", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Lee, Daniel J", "Lockwood, Joel", "Das, Paul", "Wang, Ri", "Grinspun, Eitan", "Lee, John M"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507123", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333206, "pmcid": "PMC7180637", "title": "From HIV to Coronavirus: AIDS Service Organizations Adaptative Responses to COVID-19, Birmingham, Alabama.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Kay, Emma Sophia", "Musgrove, Karen"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333206", "countries": ["United States", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354637, "pmcid": "PMC7142878", "title": "COVID-19 infection in kidney transplant recipients.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Banerjee, Debasish", "Popoola, Joyce", "Shah, Sapna", "Ster, Irina Chis", "Quan, Virginia", "Phanish, Mysore"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354637", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "By 21 March 2020 infections related to the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 had affected people from 177 countries and caused 11,252 reported deaths worldwide. Little is known about risk, presentation and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection in kidney transplantation recipients, who may be at high-risk due to long-term immunosuppression, comorbidity and residual chronic kidney disease. Whilst COVID-19 is predominantly a respiratory disease, in severe cases it can cause kidney and multi-organ failure. It is unknown if immunocompromised hosts are at higher risk of more severe systemic disease. Therefore, we report on seven cases of COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients (median age 54 (range 45-69), three females, from a cohort of 2082 managed transplant follow-up patients) over a six-week period in three south London hospitals. Two of seven patients presented within three months of transplantation. Overall, two were managed on an out-patient basis, but the remaining five required hospital admission, four in intensive care units. All patients displayed respiratory symptoms and fever. Other common clinical features included hypoxia, chest crepitation, lymphopenia and high C-reactive protein. Very high D dimer, ferritin and troponin levels occurred in severe cases and likely prognostic. Immunosuppression was modified in six of seven patients. Three patients with severe disease were diabetic. During a three week follow up one patient recovered, and one patient died. Thus, our findings suggest COVID-19 infection in kidney transplant patients may be severe, requiring intensive care admission. The symptoms are predominantly respiratory and associated with fever. Most patients had their immunosuppression reduced and were treated with supportive therapy."}, {"pmid": 32401474, "title": "Human Rights and Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "JBRA Assist Reprod", "authors": ["Valerio, Carlos"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401474", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436403, "pmcid": "PMC7268879", "title": "Evidence that Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors Should not be Discontinued Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Hypertension", "authors": ["Carey, Robert M", "Wang, Ji-Guang"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436403", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505532, "title": "Challenges in the Practice of Sexual Medicine in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Sex Med", "authors": ["Luria, Mijal", "Peleg Nesher, Sharon"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505532", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265307, "pmcid": "PMC7144262", "title": "Early consensus management for non-ICU acute respiratory failure SARS-CoV-2 emergency in Italy: from ward to trenches.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Vitacca, Michele", "Nava, Stefano", "Santus, Pierachille", "Harari, Sergio"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265307", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405088, "pmcid": "PMC7219407", "title": "Cardiological society of India position statement on COVID-19 and heart failure.", "journal": "Indian Heart J", "authors": ["Harikrishnan, S", "Mohanan, P P", "Chopra, V K", "Ambuj, Roy", "Sanjay, G", "Manish, Bansal", "Chakraborty, R N", "Chandra, Sharad", "Chattarjee, S S", "Chopra, H K", "Mathew, Cibu", "Deb, P K", "Goyal, A", "Goswami, K C", "Gupta, R", "Guha, S", "Gupta, V", "Hasija, P K", "Wardhan, Harsh", "Jabir, A", "Jayagopal, P B", "Kahali, D", "Katyal, V K", "Kerkar, P G", "Khanna, N N", "Majumder, B", "Mandal, M", "Meena, C B", "Naik, N", "Narain, V K", "Pathak, L A", "Ray, S", "Roy, D", "Sarma, D", "Shanmugasundaram, S", "Singh, B P", "Tyagi, S K", "Venugopal, K", "Wander, G S", "Yadav, R", "Das, M K"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405088", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID 19 global pandemic has engulfed humanity with a huge impact on health systems across the world. Many patients develop myocardial injury which can lead to significant cardiovascular complications including HF. This will require aggressive management strategies which are evolving. Guideline directed drug therapy including ACEI/ARB/ARNI is to be continued in patients with pre-existing HF. Long-term cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 are yet to be ascertained. Protection of health care personnel from contracting the disease should be given high priority."}, {"pmid": 32427741, "title": "Pandemic Adaptive Measures in a Major Trauma Center: Coping With COVID-19.", "journal": "J Patient Saf", "authors": ["Sheridan, Gerard A", "Boran, Sinead", "Taylor, Colm", "O'Loughlin, Padhraig F", "Harty, James A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427741", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441761, "title": "COVID-19 and QT interval prolongation: more than just drug toxicity?", "journal": "Europace", "authors": ["Merino, Jose Luis", "Martinez-Cossiani, Marcel", "Iniesta, Angel", "Escobar, Carlos", "Rey, Juan R", "Castrejon-Castrejon, Sergio"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441761", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520292, "title": "The intensive use of the internet by children and adolescents in the context of COVID-19 and the risks for self-inflicted violence.", "journal": "Cien Saude Colet", "authors": ["Deslandes, Suely Ferreira", "Coutinho, Tiago"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520292", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This essay aimed to discuss the implications of social isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic for the intensive use of the internet among children and adolescents and its possible consequences for the practice of self-inflicted violence. We briefly discussed the anxiogenic potential and the reproduction of a \"global fear\" that are consolidated with the massive and unmediated exposure of the content consumed, which can increase the vulnerabilities to stress and suicidal ideas. We centered our debate on \"recreational\" practices, called \"challenges\" with self-harm power, carried out by teenagers on the YouTube website. This practice has been shown to increase with the social isolation measures. Our reflection on these risks builds on the theoretical perspective of digital sociability, and its implications for the internet-mediated interactions of adolescents."}, {"pmid": 32286875, "title": "CT Is Not a Screening Tool for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Erturk, Sukru Mehmet"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286875", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366771, "pmcid": "PMC7219854", "title": "Non-Invasive versus Invasive Ventilation in COVID-19: One Size Does Not Fit All!", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Rahmanzade, Ramin", "Rahmanzadeh, Reza", "Tabarsi, Payam", "Hashemian, Seyed MohammadReza"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366771", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379951, "pmcid": "PMC7267520", "title": "When a system breaks: queueing theory model of intensive care bed needs during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Meares, Hamish Dd", "Jones, Michael P"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379951", "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353371, "pmcid": "PMC7184994", "title": "Is SARS-CoV-2 Also an Enteric Pathogen With Potential Fecal-Oral Transmission? A COVID-19 Virological and Clinical Review.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Ding, Siyuan", "Liang, T Jake"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353371", "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In as few as 3 months, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread and ravaged the world at an unprecedented speed in modern history, rivaling the 1918 flu pandemic. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, the culprit virus, is highly contagious and stable in the environment and transmits predominantly among humans via the respiratory route. Accumulating evidence suggest that this virus, like many of its related viruses, may also be an enteric virus that can spread via the fecal-oral route. Such a hypothesis would also contribute to the rapidity and proliferation of this pandemic. Here we briefly summarize what is known about this family of viruses and literature basis of the hypothesis that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 is capable of infecting the gastrointestinal tract and shedding in the environment for potential human-to-human transmission."}, {"pmid": 32523924, "pmcid": "PMC7279900", "title": "Long-term Positivity to SARS-CoV-2: A Clinical Case of COVID-19 with Persistent Evidence of Infection.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["D'Ardes, Damiano", "Boccatonda, Andrea", "Rossi, Ilaria", "Pontolillo, Michela", "Cocco, Giulio", "Schiavone, Cosima", "Santilli, Francesca", "Guagnano, Maria Teresa", "Bucci, Marco", "Cipollone, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523924", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, an outbreak of a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in Hubei province in China. The disease has since spread worldwide and the World Health Organization declared it a pandemic on 11 March 2020. We describe the case of a 65-year-old woman who clinically recovered from COVID-19 but showed persistent infection with SARS-CoV-2 for 51 days. A case of persistent infection with SARS-CoV-2 is described.Some tests may pick up viral RNA fragments, giving a false positive result.The quarantining of infected patients to limit possible SARS-CoV-2 spread is important."}, {"pmid": 32348485, "pmcid": "PMC7197534", "title": "Effect of Convalescent Plasma Therapy on Viral Shedding and Survival in COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zeng, Qing-Lei", "Yu, Zu-Jiang", "Gou, Jian-Jun", "Li, Guang-Ming", "Ma, Shu-Huan", "Zhang, Guo-Fan", "Xu, Jiang-Hai", "Lin, Wan-Bao", "Cui, Guang-Lin", "Zhang, Min-Min", "Li, Cheng", "Wang, Ze-Shuai", "Zhang, Zhi-Hao", "Liu, Zhang-Suo"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348485", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported in almost all countries globally, and no effective therapy has been documented for COVID-19 and the role of convalescent plasma therapy is unknown. In current study, 6 COVID-19 subjects with respiratory failure received convalescent plasma at a median of 21.5 days after first detection of viral shedding, all tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by 3 days after infusion, and 5 died eventually. In conclusion, convalescent plasma treatment can discontinue SARS-CoV-2 shedding but cannot reduce mortality in critically end-stage COVID-19 patients, and treatment should be initiated earlier."}, {"pmid": 32274522, "pmcid": "PMC7142323", "title": "Inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system and SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Herz", "authors": ["Kessler, Thorsten", "Schunkert, Heribert"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274522", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426019, "pmcid": "PMC7229460", "title": "Emergency and essential surgical healthcare services during COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries: A perspective.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Ma, Xiya", "Vervoort, Dominique", "Reddy, Che L", "Park, Kee B", "Makasa, Emmanuel"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426019", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in significant changes in health care systems worldwide, with low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) sustaining important repercussions. Specifically, alongside cancellation and postponements of non-essential surgical services, emergency and essential surgical care delivery may become affected due to the shift of human and material resources towards fighting the pandemic. For surgeries that do get carried through, new difficulties arise in protecting surgical personnel from contracting SARS-CoV-2. This scarcity in LMIC surgical ecosystems may result in higher morbidity and mortality, in addition to the COVID-19 toll. This paper aims to explore the potential consequences of COVID-19 on the emergency and essential surgical care in LMICs, to offer recommendations to mitigate damages and to reflect on preparedness for future crises. Reducing the devastating consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on LMIC emergency and essential surgical services can be achieved through empowering communities with accurate information and knowledge on prevention, optimizing surgical material resources, providing quality training of health care personnel to treat SARS-CoV-2, and ensuring adequate personal protection equipment for workers on the frontline. While LMIC health systems are under larger strain, the experience from previous outbreaks may aid in order to innovate and adapt to the current pandemic. Protecting LMIC surgical ecosystems will be a pivotal process in ensuring that previous health system strengthening efforts are preserved, comprehensive care for populations worldwide are ensured, and to allow for future developments beyond the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32297847, "pmcid": "PMC7180324", "title": "COVID-19 affects healthy pediatricians more than pediatric patients.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297847", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433189, "title": "Important interactions of immunosuppressants with experimental therapies for novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): how to act.", "journal": "Ther Drug Monit", "authors": ["Zijp, Tanja R", "Toren-Wielema, Martha L", "Nannan Panday, Prashant V", "Kosterink, Jos G W", "Berger, Stefan P", "Touw, Daan J"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433189", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343222, "title": "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Social Distancing Interventions to Delay or Flatten the Epidemic Curve of Coronavirus Disease.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Matrajt, Laura", "Leung, Tiffany"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343222", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "By April 2, 2020, >1 million persons worldwide were infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We used a mathematical model to investigate the effectiveness of social distancing interventions in a mid-sized city. Interventions reduced contacts of adults >60 years of age, adults 20-59 years of age, and children <19 years of age for 6 weeks. Our results suggest interventions started earlier in the epidemic delay the epidemic curve and interventions started later flatten the epidemic curve. We noted that, while social distancing interventions were in place, 20% of new cases and most hospitalizations and deaths were averted, even with modest reductions in contact among adults. However, when interventions ended, the epidemic rebounded. Our models suggest that social distancing can provide crucial time to increase healthcare capacity but must occur in conjunction with testing and contact tracing of all suspected cases to mitigate virus transmission."}, {"pmid": 32237160, "pmcid": "PMC7228220", "title": "Epidemiological analysis of COVID-19 and practical experience from China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Ye, Qing", "Wang, Bili", "Mao, Jianhua", "Fu, Junfen", "Shang, Shiqiang", "Shu, Qiang", "Zhang, Ting"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237160", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid spread of the epidemic has aroused widespread concern in the international community. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) was first reported in China, with bats as the likely original hosts and pangolins as potential intermediate hosts. The current source of the disease is mainly patients infected with SARS-COV-2. Patients in the incubation period may also become sources of infection. The virus is mainly transmitted via respiratory droplets and contact, and the population is generally susceptible. The epidemic has progressed through the local outbreak stage and community transmission stage due to exposure at Wuhan's Huanan wholesale seafood market and is now in the stage of large-scale transmission due to the spread of the epidemic. The basic productive number (R0) at the beginning of the epidemic was 2.2, with an average incubation period of 5.2 days. The proportion of critically ill patients was 23.4%, the mortality rate was lower than those of SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome, and 96.5% of deaths occurred in Hubei Province, where the outbreak occurred first. Among them, elderly men with underlying diseases had a higher mortality rate. Chinese medical staff have summarized a set of effective strategies and methods in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease that are worthy of reference for their international counterparts. With powerful government intervention and the efforts of Chinese medical staff, China's outbreak has gradually improved."}, {"pmid": 32520287, "title": "Social distancing measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic: potential impacts and challenges in Brazil.", "journal": "Cien Saude Colet", "authors": ["Aquino, Estela M L", "Silveira, Ismael Henrique", "Pescarini, Julia Moreira", "Aquino, Rosana", "Souza-Filho, Jaime Almeida de"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520287", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged researchers and policy makers to identify public safety measures forpreventing the collapse of healthcare systems and reducingdeaths. This narrative review summarizes the available evidence on the impact of social distancing measures on the epidemic and discusses the implementation of these measures in Brazil. Articles on the effect of social distancing on COVID-19 were selected from the PubMed, medRXiv and bioRvix databases. Federal and state legislation was analyzed to summarize the strategies implemented in Brazil. Social distancing measures adopted by the population appear effective, particularly when implemented in conjunction with the isolation of cases and quarantining of contacts. Therefore, social distancing measures, and social protection policies to guarantee the sustainability of these measures, should be implemented. To control COVID-19 in Brazil, it is also crucial that epidemiological monitoring is strengthened at all three levels of the Brazilian National Health System (SUS). This includes evaluating and usingsupplementary indicators to monitor the progression of the pandemic and the effect of the control measures, increasing testing capacity, and making disaggregated notificationsand testing resultstransparentand broadly available."}, {"pmid": 32226295, "pmcid": "PMC7098028", "title": "COVID-19: what has been learned and to be learned about the novel coronavirus disease.", "journal": "Int J Biol Sci", "authors": ["Yi, Ye", "Lagniton, Philip N P", "Ye, Sen", "Li, Enqin", "Xu, Ren-He"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226295", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has thus far killed over 3,000 people and infected over 80,000 in China and elsewhere in the world, resulting in catastrophe for humans. Similar to its homologous virus, SARS-CoV, which caused SARS in thousands of people in 2003, SARS-CoV-2 might also be transmitted from the bats and causes similar symptoms through a similar mechanism. However, COVID-19 has lower severity and mortality than SARS but is much more transmissive and affects more elderly individuals than youth and more men than women. In response to the rapidly increasing number of publications on the emerging disease, this article attempts to provide a timely and comprehensive review of the swiftly developing research subject. We will cover the basics about the epidemiology, etiology, virology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention of the disease. Although many questions still require answers, we hope that this review helps in the understanding and eradication of the threatening disease."}, {"pmid": 32402411, "pmcid": "PMC7190520", "title": "[Recommendations on personal protective measures in ophthalmology (French Ophthalmology Society and National Council of Professionals in Ophthalmology) during this COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "J Fr Ophtalmol", "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402411", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484307, "title": "Emergency Medicine's COVID Future: facing the triple challenge after flattening the curve.", "journal": "Emerg Med Australas", "authors": ["Staib, Andrew", "Small, Niall"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484307", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511679, "title": "The Laboratory Diagnosis of COVID-19-- Frequently-Asked Questions.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Fang, Ferric C", "Naccache, Samia N", "Greninger, Alexander L"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511679", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diagnostic testing has played and will continue to play a major role in the COVID-19 pandemic. The ability to detect the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in respiratory secretions is essential to determine when an individual is infected and potentially infectious to others. Viral detection is used for the identification, management and isolation of individual patients. Viral detection is also used to determine when the virus has entered a community and how rapidly it is spreading. As communities attempt to re-open following periods of shutdown, the detection of both SARS-CoV-2 and specific antibodies recognizing the virus will become increasingly important as a means to assess infection and immunity in individuals and communities. Here we discuss questions commonly asked by clinicians about COVID-19 diagnostic testing."}, {"pmid": 32528816, "pmcid": "PMC7282421", "title": "Detection and Isolation of SARS-CoV-2 in Serum, Urine, and Stool Specimens of COVID-19 Patients from the Republic of Korea.", "journal": "Osong Public Health Res Perspect", "authors": ["Kim, Jeong-Min", "Kim, Heui Man", "Lee, Eun Jung", "Jo, Hye Jun", "Yoon, Youngsil", "Lee, Nam-Joo", "Son, Junseock", "Lee, Ye-Ji", "Kim, Mi Seon", "Lee, Yong-Pyo", "Chae, Su-Jin", "Park, Kye Ryeong", "Cho, Seung-Rye", "Park, Sehee", "Kim, Su Jin", "Wang, Eunbyeol", "Woo, SangHee", "Lim, Aram", "Park, Su-Jin", "Jang, JunHyeong", "Chung, Yoon-Seok", "Chin, Bum Sik", "Lee, Jin-Soo", "Lim, Duko", "Han, Myung-Guk", "Yoo, Cheon Kwon"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528816", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is a respiratory infection characterized by the main symptoms of pneumonia and fever. It is caused by the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is known to spread via respiratory droplets. We aimed to determine the rate and likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from COVID-19 patients through non-respiratory routes. Serum, urine, and stool samples were collected from 74 hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 based on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory samples. The SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome was extracted from each specimen and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction performed. CaCo-2 cells were inoculated with the specimens containing the SARS-COV-2 genome, and subcultured for virus isolation. After culturing, viral replication in the cell supernatant was assessed. Of the samples collected from 74 COVID-19 patients, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 15 serum, urine, or stool samples. The virus detection rate in the serum, urine, and stool samples were 2.8% (9/323), 0.8% (2/247), and 10.1% (13/129), and the mean viral load was 1,210 \u00b1 1,861, 79 \u00b1 30, and 3,176 \u00b1 7,208 copy/\u03bcL, respectively. However, the SARS-CoV-2 was not isolated by the culture method from the samples that tested positive for the SARS-CoV-2 gene. While the virus remained detectable in the respiratory samples of COVID-19 patients for several days after hospitalization, its detection in the serum, urine, and stool samples was intermittent. Since the virus could not be isolated from the SARS-COV-2-positive samples, the risk of viral transmission via stool and urine is expected to be low."}, {"pmid": 32410504, "title": "Marine natural compounds as potents inhibitors against the main protease of SARS-CoV-2-a molecular dynamic study.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Khan, Muhammad Tahir", "Ali, Arif", "Wang, Qiankun", "Irfan, Muhammad", "Khan, Abbas", "Zeb, Muhammad Tariq", "Zhang, Yu-Juan", "Chinnasamy, Sathishkumar", "Wei, Dong-Qing"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410504", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sever acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) virus, responsible for severe acute respiratory disease (COVID-19). A large number of natural compounds are under trial for screening compounds, possessing potential inhibitory effect against the viral infection. Keeping in view the importance of marine compounds in antiviral activity, we investigated the potency of some marine natural products to target SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) (PDB ID 6MO3). The crystallographic structure of Mpro in an apo form was retrieved from Protein Data Bank and marine compounds from PubChem. These structures were prepared for docking and the complex with good docking score was subjected to molecular dynamic (MD) simulations for a period of 100\u2009ns. To measure the stability, flexibility, and average distance between the target and compounds, root mean square deviations (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), and the distance matrix were calculated. Among five marine compounds, C-1 (PubChem CID 11170714) exhibited good activity, interacting with the active site and surrounding residues, forming many hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions. The C-1 also attained a stable dynamic behavior, and the average distance between compound and target remains constant. In conclusion, marine natural compounds may be used as a potential inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2 for better management of COVID-19.[Figure: see text]."}, {"pmid": 32161351, "title": "Coronavirus crisis hits ice-locked Arctic research expedition.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Viglione, Giuliana"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32161351", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32040985, "title": "[Be alert to superposed effect of seasonal influenza while fighting against novel coronavirus pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, T G", "Wang, M"], "date": "2020-02-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32040985", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) continues to spread throughout the country, and the prevention and control of the epidemic has entered a critical period. However, southern cities with severe outbreaks are about to enter the seasonal influenza season. We should strengthen the epidemiological investigation, optimize the laboratory testing strategy, take effective measures, strengthen the prevention and control of influenza epidemic, and minimize the interference to the new coronavirus epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32531948, "title": "A Guide for Oncologic Patient Management during Covid-19 Pandemic: The Initial Experience of an Italian Oncologic Hub with Exemplificative Focus on Uro-Oncologic Patients.", "journal": "Cancers (Basel)", "authors": ["Mistretta, Francesco A", "Luzzago, Stefano", "Molendini, Luigi Orlando", "Ferro, Matteo", "Dossena, Enza", "Mastrilli, Fabrizio", "Musi, Gennaro", "de Cobelli, Ottavio"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531948", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent exponential increase in the number of COVID-19 patients in Italy led to the adoption of specific extraordinary measures, such as the need to convey treatment of all non-deferrable cancer patients to specialized centres (hubs). We reported a comprehensive summary of guidelines to create and run an oncologic hub during the COVID-19 pandemic. Oncologic hubs must fulfil some specific requirements such as a high experience in oncologic patient treatment, strict strategies applied to remain a \"COVID-19-free\" centre, and the creation of a dedicated multidisciplinary \"hub team\". Cancer treatment of patients who belong to external centres, namely spoke centres, could be organized in different pathways according to the grade of involvement and/or availability of the medical team of the spoke centre. Moreover, dedicated areas should be created for the management and treatment of patients who developed COVID-19 symptoms after hospitalization (i.e., dedicated wards, operation rooms and intensive care beds). Lastly, hospital staff must be highly trained for both preventing COVID-19 contagion and treating patients who develop the infection. We provided a simplified, but complete and easily applicable guide. We believe that this guide could help those clinicians who have to treat oncologic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32436846, "title": "Rare CT feature in a COVID-19 patient: cavitation.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Xu, Zhifeng", "Pan, Aizhen", "Zhou, Huiling"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436846", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268343, "title": "Possible causes for decreased susceptibility of children to coronavirus.", "journal": "Pediatr Res", "authors": ["Zhu, Liqin", "Lu, Xiaoqing", "Chen, Lu"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268343", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319756, "pmcid": "PMC7179740", "title": "Letter to the Editor Regarding: \"An Imperative Need for Research on the Role of Environmental Factors in Transmission of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)\" -Secondhand and Thirdhand Smoke As Potential Sources of COVID-19.", "journal": "Environ Sci Technol", "authors": ["Mahabee-Gittens, E Melinda", "Merianos, Ashley L", "Matt, Georg E"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319756", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372041, "title": "Coronavirus: remote technology spares Chinese clinicians.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Cai, Guoen", "Cai, Guofa"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372041", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259322, "pmcid": "PMC7262154", "title": "Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 After Gynecologic Oncology Surgery in Three Women: A Retrospective Review of Medical Records.", "journal": "Oncologist", "authors": ["Yang, Shouhua", "Zhang, Yuan", "Cai, Jing", "Wang, Zehua"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259322", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From a large medical center in Wuhan, the epicenter of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), we report clinical features and prognosis for three women diagnosed with COVID-19 after gynecologic oncology surgery and hospitalized in January 2020. The incidence of COVID-19 was 0.77% (3 of 389) of total hospitalizations and 1.59% (3 of 189) of patients undergoing surgeries in the ward. The infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 may be related to the older age, comorbidities, malignant tumor, and surgery in gynecologic hospitalizations. By February 20, 2020, only two of the three patients had met the clinical discharge criteria. Given the long and uncertain incubation period of COVID-19, screening for the virus infection should be carried out for all patients, both preoperatively and postoperatively. Postponement of scheduled gynecologic surgery for patients in the epidemic area should be considered."}, {"pmid": 32439184, "pmcid": "PMC7169887", "title": "COVID-19-Associated Psychiatric Symptoms in Health Care Workers: Viewpoint From Internal Medicine and Psychiatry Residents.", "journal": "Psychosomatics", "authors": ["Gautam, Mohan", "Kaur, Madhupreet", "Mahr, Greg"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439184", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32196700, "pmcid": "PMC7228244", "title": "Will COVID-19 be a litmus test for post-Ebola sub-Saharan Africa?", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Agyeman, Akosua A", "Laar, Amos", "Ofori-Asenso, Richard"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196700", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388476, "pmcid": "PMC7199671", "title": "Is copper beneficial for COVID-19 patients?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Raha, Syamal", "Mallick, Rahul", "Basak, Sanjay", "Duttaroy, Asim K"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388476", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient for both pathogens and the hosts during viral infection. Cu is involved in the functions of critical immune cells such as T helper cells, B cells, neutrophils natural killer (NK) cells, and macrophages. These blood cells are involved in the killing of infectious microbes, in cell-mediated immunity and the production of specific antibodies against the pathogens. Cu-deficient humans show an exceptional susceptibility to infections due to the decreased number and function of these blood cells. Besides, Cu can kill several infectious viruses such as bronchitis virus, poliovirus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1), other enveloped or nonenveloped, single- or double-stranded DNA and RNA viruses. Moreover, Cu has the potent capacity of contact killing of several viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Since the current outbreak of the COVID-19 continues to develop, and there is no vaccine or drugs are currently available, the critical option is now to make the immune system competent to fight against the SARS-CoV-2. Based on available data, we hypothesize that enrichment of plasma copper levels will boost both the innate and adaptive immunity in people. Moreover, owing to its potent antiviral activities, Cu may also act as a preventive and therapeutic regime against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32493595, "pmcid": "PMC7263274", "title": "Delayed umbilical cord clamping and breastfeeding after childbirth in mothers affected by COVID 19: Recommended or not?", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Kohan, Shahnaz", "Rahnemaei, Fatemeh Alsadat"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493595", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419879, "pmcid": "PMC7225709", "title": "Best practice recommendations: ENT consultations during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis", "authors": ["Lescanne, E", "van der Mee-Marquet, N", "Juvanon, J-M", "Abbas, A", "Morel, N", "Klein, J-M", "Hanau, M", "Couloigner, V"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419879", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "These best practice recommendations for ENT consultations during the COVID-19 pandemic have been drawn up because ENT examinations and treatments are at risk of contamination by the SARS-Cov-2 virus in certain instances. Thus, ENT specialists are among the professionals who are most exposed to this infection. During the pandemic, insofar as an asymptomatic patient may be infected and contagious, the same precautions must be employed whether the patient is ill with, suspected of having, or without any clinical evidence of COVID-19 infection. According to the scientific data available, the examinations and procedures potentially exposing to projections/aerosolizations of organic material of human origin are considered to be at risk of staff contamination. For ENT examinations and procedures without exposure to such projections/aerosolizations, the professional is advised to a long sleeve clean outfit, a surgical mask and gloves in case of contact with the patient's mucosa. ENT examinations and procedures with exposure to these projections/aerosolizations require the so-called \"airborne\", \"contact\", and \"droplets\" additional precautions: FFP2/N95 respiratory protection device, eye protection, disposable headwear and long sleeve overgown."}, {"pmid": 32340050, "title": "[Experience of Practice-Based Psychiatrists and Neurologists During the COVID-19 Pandemic].", "journal": "Psychiatr Prax", "authors": ["Bohlken, Jens", "Schomig, Friederike", "Seehagen, Thorsten", "Kohler, Sabine", "Gehring, Klaus", "Roth-Sackenheim, Christa", "Matschinger, Herbert", "Riedel-Heller, Steffi G"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340050", "countries": ["Germany"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To date, to our knowledge there are no studies regarding attitudes and experiences of outpatient medical personnel during a pandemic. This study's aim was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020 on German psychiatrists and neurologists. An e-mail and fax-based short survey of 2,072 practice-based psychiatrists and neurologists was performed including Likert-type questions on personal burden and concerns, anticipated risk of infection, practice management as well as anxiety and sleep problems. 396 physicians returned the questionnaire (19\u200a%). More than 60\u200a% of the participants felt restricted strongly or very strongly, more than 30\u200a% were strongly and very strongly concerned. They anticipated a high own risk of infection. However, 91\u200a% did not report any contact with patients positively screened for COVID-19, which they were aware of. One third felt financially threatened and loss of business volume was anticipated. 18\u200a% reported, that the pandemic triggers substantial anxiety. Sleep problems, which occur at least almost every night, were rarely reported (9\u200a%). Practice-based psychiatrists and neurologists are negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32407543, "pmcid": "PMC7272917", "title": "Reflection on passive immunotherapy in those who need most: some novel strategic arguments for obtaining safer therapeutic plasma or autologous antibodies from recovered COVID -19 infected patients.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Lanza, F", "Seghatchian, J"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407543", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307245, "pmcid": "PMC7129535", "title": "Treatment options for COVID-19: The reality and challenges.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Jean, Shio-Shin", "Lee, Ping-Ing", "Hsueh, Po-Ren"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307245", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak related to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019. An extremely high potential for dissemination resulted in the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020. Despite the worsening trends of COVID-19, no drugs are validated to have significant efficacy in clinical treatment of COVID-19 patients in large-scale studies. Remdesivir is considered the most promising antiviral agent; it works by inhibiting the activity of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). A large-scale study investigating the clinical efficacy of remdesivir (200\u00a0mg on day 1, followed by 100\u00a0mg once daily) is on-going. The other excellent anti-influenza RdRp inhibitor favipiravir is also being clinically evaluated for its efficacy in COVID-19 patients. The protease inhibitor lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/RTV) alone is not shown to provide better antiviral efficacy than standard care. However, the regimen of LPV/RTV plus ribavirin was shown to be effective against SARS-CoV in\u00a0vitro. Another promising alternative is hydroxychloroquine (200\u00a0mg thrice daily) plus azithromycin (500\u00a0mg on day 1, followed by 250\u00a0mg once daily on day 2-5), which showed excellent clinical efficacy on Chinese COVID-19 patients and anti-SARS-CoV-2 potency in\u00a0vitro. The roles of teicoplanin (which inhibits the viral genome exposure in cytoplasm) and monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 are under investigation. Avoiding the prescription of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, or angiotensin II type I receptor blockers is advised for COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32344177, "pmcid": "PMC7182748", "title": "In vitro testing of combined hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin on SARS-CoV-2 shows synergistic effect.", "journal": "Microb Pathog", "authors": ["Andreani, Julien", "Le Bideau, Marion", "Duflot, Isabelle", "Jardot, Priscilla", "Rolland, Clara", "Boxberger, Manon", "Wurtz, Nathalie", "Rolain, Jean-Marc", "Colson, Philippe", "La Scola, Bernard", "Raoult, Didier"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344177", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Human coronaviruses SARS-CoV-2 appeared at the end of 2019 and led to a pandemic with high morbidity and mortality. As there are currently no effective drugs targeting this virus, drug repurposing represents a short-term strategy to treat millions of infected patients at low costs. Hydroxychloroquine showed an antiviral effect in vitro. In vivo it showed efficacy, especially when combined with azithromycin in a preliminary clinical trial. Here we demonstrate that the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin has a synergistic effect in vitro on SARS-CoV-2 at concentrations compatible with that obtained in human lung."}, {"pmid": 32282371, "pmcid": "PMC7176258", "title": "One Academic Health System's Early (and Ongoing) Experience Responding to COVID-19: Recommendations From the Initial Epicenter of the Pandemic in the United States.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Kim, Christopher S", "Lynch, John B", "Cohen, Seth", "Neme, Santiago", "Staiger, Thomas O", "Evans, Laura", "Pergam, Steven A", "Liu, Catherine", "Bryson-Cahn, Chloe", "Dellit, Timothy H"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282371", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On January 19, 2020, the first case of a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States was reported in Washington State. On February 29, 2020, a patient infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) passed away in a hospital in Seattle-King County, the first reported COVID-19-related death in the United States. That same day, a skilled nursing and rehabilitation facility in the county reported that several of its residents tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and that many staff had symptoms compatible with COVID-19.The University of Washington Medicine health system (UW Medicine), which is based in Seattle-King County and provides quaternary care for the region, was one of several health care organizations called upon to address this growing crisis. What ensued was a series of swiftly enacted decisions and activities at UW Medicine, in partnership with local, state, and national public health agencies, to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. Tapping into the multipronged mission areas of academic medicine, UW Medicine worked to support the community, innovate in science and clinical practice, lead policy and practice guideline development, and adopt changes as the crisis unfolded. In doing so, health system leaders had to balance their commitments to students, residents and fellows, researchers, faculty, staff, and hospital and health center entities, while ensuring that patients continued to receive cutting edge, high-quality, safe care. In this Invited Commentary, the authors highlight the work and challenges UW Medicine has faced in responding to the global COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32283144, "pmcid": "PMC7195158", "title": "The effect of corticosteroid treatment on patients with coronavirus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Yang, Zhenwei", "Liu, Jialong", "Zhou, Yunjiao", "Zhao, Xixian", "Zhao, Qiu", "Liu, Jing"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283144", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of novel coronavirus in 2019 threatens the health of people, and there is no proven pharmacological treatment. Although corticosteroids were widely used during outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome, their efficacy remainedhighly controversial. We aimed to further evaluate the influence of corticosteroids on patients with coronavirus infection. We conducted a comprehensive search of literature published in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from January 1, 2002 to March 15, 2020. All statistical analyses in this study were performed on stata14.0. A total of 5270 patients from 15 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The result indicated that critical patients were more likely to require corticosteroids therapy (risk ratio [RR]\u202f=\u202f1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI]\u202f=\u202f1.28-1.90, P<0.001). However, corticosteroid treatment was associated with higher mortality (RR\u202f=\u202f2.11, 95%CI\u202f=\u202f1.13-3.94, P\u202f=\u202f0.019), longer length of stay (weighted mean difference [WMD]\u202f=\u202f6.31, 95%CI\u202f=\u202f5.26-7.37, P<0.001), a higher rate of bacterial infection (RR\u202f=\u202f2.08, 95%CI\u202f=\u202f1.54-2.81, P<0.001), and hypokalemia (RR\u202f=\u202f2.21, 95%CI\u202f=\u202f1.07-4.55, P\u202f=\u202f0.032) but not hyperglycemia (RR\u202f=\u202f1.37, 95%CI=0.68-2.76, P\u00a0=\u00a00.376) or hypocalcemia (RR\u202f=\u202f1.35, 95%CI\u202f=\u202f0.77-2.37, P\u202f=\u202f0.302). Patients with severe conditions are more likely to require corticosteroids. Corticosteroid use is associated with increased mortality in patients with coronavirus pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32410737, "pmcid": "PMC7221405", "title": "Safety Considerations for Neuraxial Anaesthesia in Parturients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Sun, Xingxing", "Liu, Yong", "Mei, Wei"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410737", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487793, "title": "Severe respiratory failure in an immunocompetent host with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and H1N1 influenza.", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Saccaro, Luigi Francesco", "Galfo, Valentina", "Ferranti, Simone", "Russo, Alessandro", "Menichetti, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487793", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a life-threatening condition that usually occurs in immunocompromised hosts. However, according to recent reports it can affect immunocompetent hosts with severe influenza infection due to viral-dependent disruption of respiratory immune defenses. We present the case of a 61-year-old Caucasian man admitted to the Emergency Department with respiratory failure and fever, who was diagnosed with H1N1 influenza and IPA. Because of his poor general conditions, he was treated with a double antifungal scheme, although this lies outside the suggested treatment guidelines. This choice turned out to be extremely effective. He was discharged after one month and his clinical conditions showed rapid improvement, with nearly complete normalization of the radiological pattern in three months. IPA remains a life-threatening condition, even in immunocompetent hosts, and should therefore always be suspected; if necessary, a combined treatment should rapidly be started. We report this case as the interest in influenza-associated IPA is high, both due to the clinical severity of this condition, which is treatable if identified early, and the emerging importance of respiratory infections caused by viruses belonging to the SARS family, such as SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32494042, "pmcid": "PMC7269419", "title": "Comment on: \"Controversies regarding mask usage in ophthalmic units in the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic\".", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Poostchi, Ali", "Kuet, Mong-Loon", "Richardson, Patrick S", "Patel, Moneesh K"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494042", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515370, "title": "Personal prophylaxis against COVID-19: A compilation of evidence based recommendations.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Verma, Madhur", "Aydin, Hasan"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515370", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The year 2020 started with a report about a cluster of pneumonia cases from Wuhan, China, that were later identified to be caused by the novel coronavirus. By March 11, this outbreak was designated as a pandemic by World Health Organization. So far, it has affected 213 countries and territories around the world. It is an infectious disease (R0: 2.2 to 3.3) with confirmed human-to-human transmission. The high morbidity and mortality attributed to viral infection has overwhelmed the health systems of most countries across the globe. As of now, there is no confirmed treatment or vaccine against COVID-19. The current pharmacological management relies only on supportive care. Therefore, only non-pharmacological approaches are left to protect people from infection. Established preventive methods against infection include dodging the exposure from the virus, which will break the chain of transmission and prevent further human-to-human spread. In the present paper, we discuss the various non-pharmacological approaches that have to be adopted at the personal or community level and by the healthcare providers to win against this virus."}, {"pmid": 32469263, "title": "[Renal Monomorphology in COVID-19 with Acute Renal Insufficiency].", "journal": "Praxis (Bern 1994)", "authors": ["Tuma, Jan", "Neugebauer, Felix", "Rohacek, Martin", "Serra, Andreas"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469263", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Renal Monomorphology in COVID-19 with Acute Renal Insufficiency Abstract. A 78-year-old ventilator-dependent COVID-19 patient developed severe renal failure with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 20 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and nephrotic proteinuria. Sonography showed echo-dense and enlarged kidneys with high resistance indices (>0.8). Echocontrast sonography showed a delayed renal perfusion. In the further course of the disease renal function recovered, kidney size decreased and the renal perfusion normalized. An acute COVID-19-associated interstitial nephritis is postulated."}, {"pmid": 32456720, "title": "COVID-19 infections among HCWs exposed to a patient with a delayed diagnosis of COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Baker, Meghan A", "Rhee, Chanu", "Fiumara, Karen", "Bennett-Rizzo, Carin", "Tucker, Robert", "Williams, Sarah A", "Wickner, Paige", "Beloff, Jennifer", "McGrath, Casey", "Poulton, Alexa", "Klompas, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456720", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report on COVID-19 risk among HCWs exposed to a patient diagnosed with COVID-19 on day 13 of hospitalization. There were 44 HCWs exposed to the patient before contact and droplet precautions were implemented: of these, 2 of 44 (5%) developed COVID-19 potentially attributable to the exposure."}, {"pmid": 32336150, "title": "Urologic Surgery and COVID-19: How the Pandemic Is Changing the Way We Operate.", "journal": "J Endourol", "authors": ["Steward, James E", "Kitley, Weston R", "Schmidt, C Max", "Sundaram, Chandru P"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336150", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a global impact on all aspects of health care, including surgical procedures. For urologists, it has affected and will continue to influence how we approach the care of patients preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively. A risk-benefit assessment of each patient undergoing surgery should be performed during the COVID-19 pandemic based on the urgency of the surgery and the risk of viral illness and transmission. Patients with advanced age and comorbidities have a higher incidence of mortality. Routine preoperative testing and symptom screening is recommended to identify those with COVID-19. Adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) for the surgical team is essential to protect health care workers and ensure an adequate workforce. For COVID-19 positive or suspected patients, the use of N95 respirators is recommended if available. The anesthesia method chosen should attempt to minimize aerosolization of the virus. Negative pressure rooms are strongly preferred for intubation/extubation and other aerosolizing procedures for COVID-19 positive patients or when COVID status is unknown. Although transmission has not yet been shown during laparoscopic and robotic procedures, efforts should be made to minimize the risk of aerosolization. Ultra-low particulate air filters are recommended for use during minimally invasive procedures to decrease the risk of viral transmission. Thorough cleaning and sterilization should be performed postoperatively with adequate time allowed for the operating room air to be cycled after procedures. COVID-19 patients should be separated from noninfected patients at all levels of care, including recovery, to decrease the risk of infection. Future directions will be guided by outcomes and infection rates as social distancing guidelines are relaxed and more surgical procedures are reintroduced. Recommendations should be adapted to the local environment and will continue to evolve as more data become available, the shortage of testing and PPE is resolved, and a vaccine and therapeutics for COVID-19 are developed."}, {"pmid": 32463479, "title": "Preoperative radiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Mirnezami, R", "Knowles, J", "Kar, A", "Glynne-Jones, R"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463479", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394842, "title": "Epidemiological Features of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak in China.", "journal": "Curr Top Med Chem", "authors": ["Qi, Zhang", "Yu, Yu"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394842", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The fast-growing outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which originated from Wuhan locating in central China at the end of 2019, spread to multiple cities in merely a month. Although the mortality of this disease was lower than that of SARS, the incredible contagiousness was much higher than SRAS-CoV. Because of the tremendous clout of 2019-nCoV, it is essential to hold more details about it and monitor its future evolution. This mini review consequently summarizes the key elements of epidemiology features, providing updated relevant findings and novel insights related to 2019-nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32427410, "title": "Head and neck oncologic surgery in the COVID-19 pandemic: Our experience in a deep south tertiary care center.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Morrison, Daniel R", "Gentile, Christopher", "McCammon, Susan", "Buczek, Erin"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427410", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing worldwide pandemic due to COVID-19 has forced drastic changes on the daily lives of the global population. This is most notable within the health care sector. The current paper outlines the response of the head and neck oncologic surgery (HNS) division within our academic otolaryngology department in the state of Alabama. Data with regard to case numbers and types were obtained during the pandemic and compared with time matched data. Our overall approach to managing previously scheduled and new cases, personal protective equipment (PPE) utilization, outpatient clinic, and resident involvement is summarized. Our HNS division saw a 55% reduction in surgical volume during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. We feel that an early and cohesive strategy to triaging surgical cases, PPE usage, and minimizing exposure of personnel is essential to providing care for HNS patients during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32266947, "title": "Public Health and Ethics Intersect at New Levels With Gerontological Nursing in COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Gerontol Nurs", "authors": ["Young, Heather M", "Fick, Donna M"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266947", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294283, "pmcid": "PMC7262078", "title": "Coronavirus and the hearts of doctors.", "journal": "Eur J Heart Fail", "authors": ["D'Elia, Emilia"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294283", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281158, "pmcid": "PMC7262164", "title": "The pandemic paradox: The consequences of COVID-19 on domestic violence.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Bradbury-Jones, Caroline", "Isham, Louise"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281158", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434304, "pmcid": "PMC7248617", "title": "Does the Clinical Spectrum of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Show Regional Differences?", "journal": "Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Kim, So Young", "Kim, Dae Woo"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434304", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242116, "title": "African nations missing from coronavirus trials.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Roussi, Antoaneta", "Maxmen, Amy"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242116", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427219, "pmcid": "PMC7229879", "title": "'What is Inconvenient for You is Life-saving for Me': How Health Inequities are playing out during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Asian Bioeth Rev", "authors": ["Xafis, Vicki"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427219", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact globally. Most affected, however, are those individuals and groups routinely disadvantaged by the social injustice created by the misdistribution of power, money, and resources. Simple measures that prevent the spread of COVID-19, such as frequent hand washing and social distancing, are unavailable to millions of people in the wealthiest of nations and in the poorest of nations. Disadvantaged groups are impacted more directly and in disproportionately higher numbers due to existing poor health, and the disruption of services central to securing an income and an education will have lasting consequences for their futures. The unintended effect of exclusionary government policies is that privileged citizens and healthcare systems are also at greater risk. This paper seeks to highlight the impact of COVID-19 on those already suffering health inequities through consideration of some of the social determinants of health on groups in affluent and poorer nations. It also highlights some of the factors that may assist in tackling health inequities as we emerge from this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32221171, "pmcid": "PMC7172565", "title": "Neuraxial procedures in COVID-19 positive parturients: a review of current reports.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Bauer, Melissa E", "Chiware, Ruth", "Pancaro, Carlo"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221171", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436571, "title": "Associations of Early COVID-19 Cases in San Francisco with Domestic and International Travel.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Gu, Wei", "Deng, Xianding", "Reyes, Kevin", "Hsu, Elaine", "Wang, Candace", "Sotomayor-Gonzalez, Alicia", "Federman, Scot", "Bushnell, Brian", "Miller, Steve", "Chiu, Charles"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436571", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In early-to-mid March 2020, 20 of 46 (43%) COVID-19 cases at a tertiary care hospital in San Francisco, California were travel-related. Cases were significantly associated with travel to Europe or New York (odds ratio 32.9). Viral genomes recovered from 9 of 12 (75%) cases co-clustered with lineages circulating in Europe."}, {"pmid": 32376588, "pmcid": "PMC7167321", "title": "[Supporting the battle against COVID-19 in E'zhou, Hubei Province: the experience of Guizhou medical team].", "journal": "Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao", "authors": ["Zhang, Tao", "Ran, Limei", "Li, Kun", "Liu, Jian", "Chen, Li", "Lu, Jinsong", "Liang, Guiyou", "Zuo, Shi"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376588", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To suppress the rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei province, a medical rescue team consisting of 860 members was sent to E'zhou, one of the hard-hit cities in east Hubei. A total of 414 of the team members, whose core members were from Guizhou Medical University and its Affiliated Hospital, took over the full operation of Leishan hospital of E'zhou, a makeshift hospital built for treating COVID-19 patients. Under the instructions by the E'zhou Medical Team Front Command, the staff made quick responses to the surging number of patients with COVID-19 and rapidly formulated treatment plans based on the local conditions. The medical team efficiently carried out the operations and successfully completed the rescue mission. Herein the authors, as members of Guizhou Medical Team supporting COVID-19 containment in E'zhou, analyze and summarize the experiences of Guizhou Medical Team with the organization, implementation and logistic support of medical rescue operations, which may provide reference for future rescue missions in a similar scenario."}, {"pmid": 32167153, "title": "Soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: a potential approach for coronavirus infection therapy?", "journal": "Clin Sci (Lond)", "authors": ["Batlle, Daniel", "Wysocki, Jan", "Satchell, Karla"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167153", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new coronavirus, referred to as SARS-CoV-2, is responsible for the recent outbreak of severe respiratory disease. This outbreak first detected in Wuhan, China in December 2019, has spread to other regions of China and to 25 other countries as of January, 2020. It has been known since the 2003 SARS epidemic that the receptor critical for SARS-CoV entry into host cells is the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The S1 domain of the spike protein of SARS-CoV attaches the virus to its cellular receptor ACE2 on the host cells. We thought that it is timely to explain the connection between the SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, ACE2 and the rationale for soluble ACE2 as a potential therapy."}, {"pmid": 32475018, "title": "Social-economic impact of COVID-19 pandemic on aesthetic centers in Greece.", "journal": "J Cosmet Dermatol", "authors": ["Biskanaki, Foteini", "Rallis, Epsilonfstathios", "Andreou, Epsilonleni", "Sfiri, Epsilonleni", "Tertipi, Nuiki", "Kefala, Vasiliki"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475018", "countries": ["Greece"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Epidemics are a major cause of health problems in developing countries, preventing the accumulation of human capital and economic growth. On the appearance of the pandemic of the new coronavirus COVID-19 worldwide, this survey was carried out in the 4th week of the occurrence of the cases in Greece. The investigation was aimed at the social and economic impact caused by this COVID-19 pandemic and the state's decision to suspend the operation of businesses and stores in Greece. One hundred and fifth-eight aesthetic centers from various areas of Greece were participated in this study, and the questionnaires were sent electronically to the business owners. Statistical analyzes were conducted using Google Forms and the questionnaires analyzed through PSPP software. Based on their answers and the statistical analyzes, it was calculated the reduction of the monthly income for the first month of suspension of the operation of their companies. Additionally, social related matters were examined as, how they experience this period, psychologically, financially, what problems they believe that they will face and what changes in their work that could result from the pandemic. There is no similar study and experience for aesthetic centers from a viral pandemic in literature. The suspension of operations provoked serious financial problems and significant psychological burden about what \"tomorrow will bring\" with returning to \"normalcy\"."}, {"pmid": 32331761, "pmcid": "PMC7151315", "title": "Guidance in an uncertain world.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Moppett, Iain K", "Gardiner, Dale", "Harvey, Daniel J R"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331761", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420637, "title": "Repurposing current therapeutics for treating COVID-19: A vital role of prescription records data mining.", "journal": "Drug Dev Res", "authors": ["Gurwitz, David"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420637", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since its outbreak in late 2019, the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic already infected over 3.7 million people and claimed more than 250,000 lives globally. At least 1\u2009year may take for an approved vaccine to be in place, and meanwhile millions more could be infected, some with fatal outcome. Over thousand clinical trials with COVID-19 patients are already listed in ClinicalTrials.com, some of them for assessing the utility of therapeutics approved for other conditions. However, clinical trials take many months, and are typically done with small cohorts. A much faster and by far more efficient method for rapidly identifying approved therapeutics that can be repurposed for treating COVID-19 patients is data mining their past and current electronic health and prescription records for identifying drugs that may protect infected individuals from severe COVID-19 symptoms. Examples are discussed for applying health and prescription records for assessing the potential repurposing (repositioning) of angiotensin receptor blockers, estradiol, or antiandrogens for reducing COVID-19 morbidity and fatalities. Data mining of prescription records of COVID-19 patients will not cancel the need for conducting controlled clinical trials, but could substantially assist in trial design, drug choice, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and prioritization. This approach requires a strong commitment of health provides for open collaboration with the biomedical research community, as health provides are typically the sole owners of retrospective drug prescription records."}, {"pmid": 32471703, "pmcid": "PMC7241376", "title": "Laboratory Biomarkers Predicting COVID-19 Severity in the Emergency Room.", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Assandri, Roberto", "Buscarini, Elisabetta", "Canetta, Ciro", "Scartabellati, Alessandro", "Vigano, Giovanni", "Montanelli, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471703", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infection of novel Coronavirus has been declared pandemic by the WHO and now is a world public health crisis. Laboratory activity becames essential for the timely diagnosis. Few parameters, such Lymphocytes count, SaO2 and CRP serum level can be used to assess the severity of COVID-19 in emergency room."}, {"pmid": 32476133, "title": "Elective colorectal cancer surgery at the oncologic hub of Lombardy inside a pandemic COVID-19 area.", "journal": "J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Sorrentino, Luca", "Guaglio, Marcello", "Cosimelli, Maurizio"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476133", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32083643, "pmcid": "PMC7042844", "title": "Presumed Asymptomatic Carrier Transmission of COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Bai, Yan", "Yao, Lingsheng", "Wei, Tao", "Tian, Fei", "Jin, Dong-Yan", "Chen, Lijuan", "Wang, Meiyun"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32083643", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505362, "title": "Investigate Oral Zinc as a Prophylactic Treatment for Those at Risk for COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["McPherson, Scott W", "Keunen, Jan E", "Bird, Alan C", "Chew, Emily Y", "van Kuijk, Frederik J"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505362", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32065520, "title": "[First case of neonate infected with novel coronavirus pneumonia in China].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zeng, L K", "Tao, X W", "Yuan, W H", "Wang, J", "Liu, X", "Liu, Z S"], "date": "2020-02-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32065520", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286246, "title": "COVID-19 infections are also affected by human ACE1 D/I polymorphism.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Delanghe, Joris R", "Speeckaert, Marijn M", "De Buyzere, Marc L"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286246", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317129, "pmcid": "PMC7161478", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic: Technology use to support the wellbeing of children.", "journal": "J Pediatr Nurs", "authors": ["Goldschmidt, Karen"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317129", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490641, "title": "Characteristics of the initial patients hospitalized for COVID-19: a single-center report.", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Medetalibeyoglu, Alpay", "Senkal, Naci", "Capar, Gazi", "Kose, Murat", "Tukek, Tufan"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490641", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus 19 infection (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic and Turkey had the first coronavirus patient tested positive in 10 March 2020. In this analysis we have discussed the characteristics of Turkish patients who have been hospitalized for COVID-19 infection. Cross sectional study Methods: This retrospective study included all the patients who have been hospitalized for novel coronavirus at blinded for peer review -Department of Internal Medicine between 15th March 2020 and 28th March 2020. Patients were screened with real time PCR (2019nCoV), chest X-ray and computer tomography. Also, their demographic characteristics including sex, age, occupation, comorbid disease etc. were recorded. There were 70 patients for analysis. Thirty-seven patients (52.9 %) tested positive for coronavirus infection with PCR. Mean age was 55.8 (min 24- max 87). There were 49 men (70.0%). Two patients (2%) were sent home and eleven patients (15.7%) were transferred to intensive care unit (ICU). Patients in ICU had statistically higher, pulse rate, respiratory rate, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, c-reactive protein, d-dimer, fibrinogen, activated partial thromboplastin time, troponin and procalcitonin compared to patients followed in clinics. Turkey has avoided the disease for some time but as inevitable as it is, our country has been added to the countries which are infected."}, {"pmid": 32473669, "pmcid": "PMC7255738", "title": "COVID-19 strains remote regions of Peru.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Fraser, Barbara"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473669", "countries": ["Peru"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444400, "pmcid": "PMC7248130", "title": "COVID-19 and the nicotinic cholinergic system.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Farsalinos, Konstantinos", "Angelopoulou, Athina", "Alexandris, Nikos", "Poulas, Konstantinos"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444400", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506142, "title": "Thoracic computerised tomography scans in one hundred eighteen orthopaedic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: identification of chest lesions; added values; help in managing patients; burden on the computerised tomography scan department.", "journal": "Int Orthop", "authors": ["Hernigou, Jacques", "Cornil, Francois", "Poignard, Alexandre", "El Bouchaibi, Said", "Mani, Jean", "Naouri, Jean Francois", "Younes, Patrick", "Hernigou, Philippe"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506142", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Based on the recent literature, chest computed tomography (CT) examination could aid for management of patients during COVID-19 pandemic. However, the role of chest CT in management of COVID-19 patients is not exactly the same for medical or surgical specialties. In orthopaedic or trauma emergency, abdomen, pelvis, cervical, dorsal, and lumbar spine CT are performed to investigate patients; the result is a thoracic CT scan incorporating usually the thorax; however, information about lung parenchyma can be obtained on this thorax CT, and manifestations of COVID-19 can be diagnosed. The objective of our study was to evaluate this role in orthopedic patients to familiarize orthopaedists with the value and limits of thoracic CT in orthopaedic surgery. Among the 1397 chest CT scans performed during the pandemic period from 1 March 2020 to 10 May 2020, in two centres with orthopaedic surgery, we selected all the 118 thoracic or chest CT performed for patients who presented to the Emergency Department of the hospital with a diagnosis of trauma for orthopaedic surgical treatment. Thirty-nine of these 118 patients were tested with PCR for the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. Depending on clinical status (symptomatic or non-symptomatic), the information useful for the orthopaedist surgeon and obtained from the Chest CT scan according to the result of the PCR (gold standard) was graded from 0 (no or low value) to 3 (high value). The potential risks of chest CT as exposure to radiation, and specific pathway were analyzed and discussed. A group of patients treated during a previous similar period (1 March 2018 to 15 April 2018) was used as control for evaluation of the increase of CT scanning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the 118 patients with chest CT, there were 16 patients with positive COVID-19 chest CT findings, and 102 patients with negative chest CT scan. With PCR results as reference, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value of chest CT in indicating COVID-19 infection were 81%, 93%, and 86%, respectively (p\u2009=\u20090.001). A useful information for the orthopaedic surgeon (graded as 1 for 71 cases, as 2 for 5 cases, and as 3 for 11 cases) was obtained from 118 chest CT scans for 87 (74%) patients, while the CT was no value in 30 (25%) cases, and negative value in one (1%) case. Roughly 20% of the total number of CT scanner performed over the pandemic period was dedicated to COVID-19, but only 2% were for orthopaedic or trauma patients. However, this was ten times higher than during the previous control period of comparison. Although extremely valuable for surgery management, these results should not be overstated. The CT findings studied are not specific for COVID-19, and the positive predictive value of CT will be low unless disease prevalence is high, which was the case during this period."}, {"pmid": 32504812, "pmcid": "PMC7270797", "title": "Big Data-driven personal protective equipment stockpiling framework under Universal Healthcare for Disease Control and Prevention in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Sheng-Kai Ma, Kevin", "Shin-Yi Tsai, Alice"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504812", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361745, "pmcid": "PMC7197577", "title": "Letter: Neurological Implications of COVID-19 and Lessons Learned From Prior Epidemics and Pandemics.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Daou, Badih J", "Koduri, Sravanthi", "Palmateer, Gregory", "Thompson, B Gregory", "Chaudhary, Neeraj", "Gemmete, Joseph J", "Pandey, Aditya S"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361745", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302075, "title": "Africa in the Path of Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["El-Sadr, Wafaa M", "Justman, Jessica"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302075", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506777, "title": "Evaluating the dermatology communities' public health response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Gorrepati, Pavane L", "Smith, Gideon P"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506777", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321602, "title": "Iran's success in controlling Covid-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Mohammadzadeh, Nima", "Shahriary, Mahla"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321602", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514354, "pmcid": "PMC7273438", "title": "High-dose, short-term corticosteroids for ARDS caused by COVID-19: a case series.", "journal": "Respirol Case Rep", "authors": ["So, Clara", "Ro, Shosei", "Murakami, Manabu", "Imai, Ryosuke", "Jinta, Torahiko"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514354", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a case series of seven mechanically ventilated patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by coronavirus disease (COVID-19) who received early treatment with high-dose, short-term systemic corticosteroids to prevent cytokine overproduction. Of the seven patients, four were male and median age was 69\u2009years. They were intubated within seven days after admission when their respiratory status rapidly worsened. At that time, we administered 1000 or 500\u2009mg/day for three days of methylprednisolone intravenously, followed by 1 mg/kg and tapered off. The median duration for the total administration of corticosteroids was 13\u2009days. This high-dose, short-term corticosteroid therapy enabled extubation of the patients within seven days. Many questions on the clinical management of COVID-19 remain unanswered, and data on corticosteroid therapy as a choice of treatment are mixed. We present the clinical course of our cases, review the previous evidence, and discuss management."}, {"pmid": 32424845, "title": "Artemisia annua: Trials are needed for COVID-19.", "journal": "Phytother Res", "authors": ["Haq, Faiz Ul", "Roman, Muhammad", "Ahmad, Kashif", "Rahman, Saeed Ur", "Shah, Syed Murtaza Ali", "Suleman, Naveed", "Ullah, Sami", "Ahmad, Iftekhar", "Ullah, Wajahat"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424845", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a number of pneumonia cases associated with 2019 novel coronavirus occurred in Wuhan, China. Later taxonomist name the virus SARS-CoV-2 and disease called COVID-19. No approved vaccine or treatment are available for this virus. Current technical guide is related to address therapeutic option for SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 is great challenge for scientist across the globe. Bioactive compound present in Artemisia annua against, hepatitis B virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and Epstein-Barr virus. A. annua have shown significant activity against SARS coronavirus that occur in 2002. This agent is cheap and easily available and will be of great value if they have efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. Scientific attention is needed toward this agent to address for the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32372827, "pmcid": "PMC7195314", "title": "Survival in a zombie apocalypse.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Aron, Jacob"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372827", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Resident Evil 3 remake was in development long before the coronavirus outbreak, but it holds up a mirror to the strange times we live in today, says Jacob Aron."}, {"pmid": 32078069, "pmcid": "PMC7033263", "title": "2019 novel coronavirus of pneumonia in Wuhan, China: emerging attack and management strategies.", "journal": "Clin Transl Med", "authors": ["She, Jun", "Jiang, Jinjun", "Ye, Ling", "Hu, Lijuan", "Bai, Chunxue", "Song, Yuanlin"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32078069", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An ongoing outbreak of 2019-nCoV pneumonia was first identified in Wuhan, Hubei province, China at the end of 2019. With the spread of the new coronavirus accelerating, person-to-person transmission in family homes or hospitals, and intercity spread of 2019-nCoV occurred. At least 40,261 cases confirmed, 23,589 cases suspected, 909 cases death and 3444 cases cured in China and worldwide 24 countries confirmed 383 cases being diagnosed, 1 case death in February 10th, 2020. At present, the mortality of 2019-nCoV in China is 2.3%, compared with 9.6% of SARS and 34.4% of MERS reported by WHO. It seems the new virus is not as fatal as many people thought. Chinese authorities improved surveillance network, made the laboratory be able to recognize the outbreak within a few weeks and announced the virus genome that provide efficient epidemiological control. More comprehensive information is required to understand 2019-nCoV feature, the epidemiology of origin and spreading, and the clinical phenomina. According to the current status, blocking transmission, isolation, protection, and alternative medication are the urgent management strategies against 2019-nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32238615, "title": "Perinatal-Neonatal Management of COVID-19 Infection - Guidelines of the Federation of Obstetric and Gynecological Societies of India (FOGSI), National Neonatology Forum of India (NNF), and Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP).", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Chawla, Deepak", "Chirla, Dinesh", "Dalwai, Samir", "Deorari, Ashok K", "Ganatra, Atul", "Gandhi, Alpesh", "Kabra, Nandkishor S", "Kumar, Praveen", "Mittal, Pratima", "Parekh, Bakul Jayant", "Sankar, M Jeeva", "Singhal, Tanu", "Sivanandan, Sindhu", "Tank, Parikshit"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238615", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the current rapidly evolving pandemic of COVID-19 infection, pregnant women with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 and their newborn infants form a special vulnerable group that needs immediate attention. Unlike other elective medical and surgical problems for which care can be deferred during the pandemic, pregnancies and childbirths will continue. Perinatal period poses unique challenges and care of the mother-baby dyads requires special resources for prevention of transmission, diagnosis of infection and providing clinical care during labor, resuscitation and postnatal period. The GRADE approach recommended by the World Health Organization was used to develop the guideline. A Guideline Development Group (GDG) comprising of obstetricians, neonatologists and pediatricians was constituted. The GDG drafted a list of questions which are likely to be faced by clinicians involved in obstetric and neonatal care. An e-survey was carried out amongst a wider group of clinicians to invite more questions and prioritize. Literature search was carried out in PubMed and websites of relevant international and national professional organizations. Existing guidelines, systematic reviews, clinical trials, narrative reviews and other descriptive reports were reviewed. For the practice questions, the evidence was extracted into evidence profiles. The context, resources required, values and preferences were considered for developing the recommendations. To provide recommendations for prevention of transmission, diagnosis of infection and providing clinical care during labor, resuscitation and postnatal period. A set of twenty recommendations are provided under the following broad headings: 1) pregnant women with travel history, clinical suspicion or confirmed COVID-19 infection; 2) neonatal care; 3) prevention and infection control; 4) diagnosis; 5) general questions."}, {"pmid": 32380916, "title": "COVID-19: A Time for Creative Compassion.", "journal": "J Palliat Med", "authors": ["Neville, Thanh H"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380916", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462988, "title": "A computational prediction of SARS-CoV-2 structural protein inhibitors from Azadirachta indica (Neem).", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Borkotoky, Subhomoi", "Banerjee, Manidipa"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462988", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid global spread of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has created an unprecedented healthcare crisis. The treatment for the severe respiratory illness caused by this virus is primarily symptomatic at this point, although the usage of a broad antiviral drug Remdesivir has been allowed on emergency basis by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).The ever-increasing death toll highlights an urgent need for development of specific antivirals. In this work, we have utilized docking and simulation methods to identify small molecule inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Membrane (M) and Envelope (E) proteins, which are essential for virus assembly and budding. A total of 70 compounds from an Indian medicinal plant source (Azadirachta indica or Neem) were virtually screened against these two proteins and further analyzed with molecular dynamics simulations, which resulted in the identification of a few common compounds with strong binding to both structural proteins. The compounds bind to biologically critical regions of M and E, indicating their potential to inhibit the functionality of these components. We hope that our computational approach may result in the identification of effective inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 assembly."}, {"pmid": 32474126, "pmcid": "PMC7256544", "title": "Evolution of clinical radiotherapy physics practice under COVID-19 constraints.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Khan, Rao", "Darafsheh, Arash", "Goharian, Mehran", "Cilla, Savino", "Eduardo Villarreal-Barajas, J"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474126", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 spread continues to challenge the societal and professional norms, radiotherapy around the globe is pushed into an unprecedented transformation. We will discuss how clinical physics has transformed to ascertain safety and quality standards across four facilities around the world through diversity of action, innovation, and scientific flexibility."}, {"pmid": 32368792, "pmcid": "PMC7267399", "title": "Potential therapeutic targets and promising drugs for combating SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Br J Pharmacol", "authors": ["Zhou, Hong", "Fang, Yan", "Xu, Tao", "Ni, Wei-Jian", "Shen, Ai-Zong", "Meng, Xiao-Ming"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368792", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of April 9, 2020, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) had caused 89,931 deaths and 1,503,900 confirmed cases worldwide, which indicates an increasingly severe and uncontrollable situation. Initially, little was known about the virus. As research continues, we now know the genome structure, epidemiological and clinical characteristics, and pathogenic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2. Based on this knowledge, potential targets involved in the processes of virus pathogenesis need to be identified, and the discovery or development of drugs based on these potential targets is the most pressing need. Here, we have summarized the potential therapeutic targets involved in virus pathogenesis and discuss the advances, possibilities, and significance of drugs based on these targets for treating SARS-CoV-2. This review will facilitate the identification of potential targets and provide clues for drug development that can be translated into clinical applications for combating SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32304726, "pmcid": "PMC7158775", "title": "Innovative technologies for hand hygiene monitoring are urgently needed in the fight against COVID-19.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Cawthorne, K-R", "Cooke, R P D"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304726", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473115, "pmcid": "PMC7251412", "title": "Reply to: Letter to the Editor: Screening All Pregnant Women Admitted to Labor and Delivery for the Virus Responsible for COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Vintzileos, William S", "Muscat, Jolene", "Hoffmann, Eva", "Vo, Duc", "John, Nicole S", "Vintzileos, Anthony"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473115", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417701, "pmcid": "PMC7252108", "title": "Guidance for clinical neurophysiology examination throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Latin American chapter of the IFCN task force - COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Neurophysiol", "authors": ["San-Juan, Daniel", "Jimenez, Christian Ramos", "Camilli, Cecilia Ximenez", "de la Cruz Reyes, Luis Adrian", "Galindo, Enya Gabriela Aguirre", "Burbano, Gustavo Eduardo Ramos", "Penela, Maria Magdalena", "Perassolo, Monica Beatriz", "Valdez, Armando Tello", "Godoy, Jorge Gutierrez", "Moreira, Ana Lucila", "Kimaid, Paulo Andre Teixeira"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417701", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 31st December 2019, China notified the World Health Organization of an outbreak of atypical pneumonia from patients at a local seafood market in Wuhan, Hubei, China, responsible for a new coronavirus called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that caused COVID-19 disease, which spread rapidly around the world. WHO declared a state of pandemic (11th March, 2020), which has caused more than 1 million infected and more than 110,000 deaths; it was observed that up to 29% of those infected were health care personnel. The main route of transmission of SARS-CoV2 is through respiratory secretions and direct contact with contaminated surfaces and material. The pandemic induced an international saturation of health care services and a rupture in the supply chain of protective equipment for healthcare personnel, which poses a high occupational risk to all. Based on the different healthcare systems, human resources, infrastructure and medical emergencies that will warrant the conduct of clinical neurophysiology studies and the lack of a guide for the management of the situation, it was decided by an expert task force of the Latin American Chapter of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology to carry out these guidelines for the protection of patient and healthcare professionals conducting clinical neurophysiological studies."}, {"pmid": 32446719, "pmcid": "PMC7236740", "title": "Promoting health equity in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Gynecol Oncol", "authors": ["Farley, John H", "Hines, Jeffrey", "Lee, Nita K", "Brooks, Sandra E", "Nair, Navya", "Brown, Carol L", "Doll, Kemi M", "Sullivan, Ellen J", "Chapman-Davis, Eloise"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446719", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253759, "pmcid": "PMC7262125", "title": "Tocilizumab treatment in COVID-19: A single center experience.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Luo, Pan", "Liu, Yi", "Qiu, Lin", "Liu, Xiulan", "Liu, Dong", "Li, Juan"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253759", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Tocilizumab (TCZ), a monoclonal antibody against interleukin-6 (IL-6), emerged as an alternative treatment for COVID-19 patients with a risk of cytokine storms recently. In the present study, we aimed to discuss the treatment response of TCZ therapy in COVID-19 infected patients. The demographic, treatment, laboratory parameters of C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-6 before and after TCZ therapy and clinical outcome in the 15 COVID-19 patients were retrospectively assessed.\u00a0Totally 15 patients with COVID-19 were included in this study. Two of them were moderately ill, six were seriously ill and seven were critically ill. The TCZ was used in combination with methylprednisolone in eight patients. Five patients received the TCZ administration twice or more. Although TCZ treatment ameliorated the increased CRP in all patients rapidly, for the four critically ill patients who received an only single dose of TCZ, three of them (No. 1, 2, and 3) still dead and the CRP level in the rest one patient (No. 7) failed to return to normal range with a clinical outcome of disease aggravation. Serum IL-6 level tended to further spiked firstly and then decreased after TCZ therapy in 10 patients. A persistent and dramatic increase of IL-6 was observed in these four patients who failed treatment.\u00a0TCZ appears to be an effective treatment option in COVID-19 patients with a risk of cytokine storms. And for these critically ill patients with elevated IL-6, the repeated dose of the TCZ is recommended."}, {"pmid": 32359182, "pmcid": "PMC7267403", "title": "Occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 during mycophenolate mofetil treatment for pemphigus.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Balestri, R", "Rech, G", "Girardelli, C R"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359182", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508483, "pmcid": "PMC7260493", "title": "[Back to school and COVID-19: It is urgent to control our fears and move forward for the good of children].", "journal": "J Pediatr Pueric", "authors": ["Delacourt, C", "Gras-Le Guen, C", "Gonzales, E"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508483", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32199074, "pmcid": "PMC7270962", "title": "Will COVID-19 generate global preparedness?", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Jacobsen, Kathryn H"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199074", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454238, "pmcid": "PMC7245280", "title": "Management of venous thromboembolism during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord", "authors": ["Skeik, Nedaa", "Mirza, Aleem", "Manunga, Jesse"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454238", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454251, "pmcid": "PMC7245204", "title": "COVID-19: Exposing digital poverty in a pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Seah, Kt Matthew"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454251", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356603, "pmcid": "PMC7267526", "title": "Why the SARS-Cov-2 has prolonged spreading time in children?", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["Yurttutan, Sadik", "Ipek, Sevcan", "Gullu, Utku U"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356603", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381262, "pmcid": "PMC7183951", "title": "Patients with arterial hypertension and COVID-19 are at higher risk of ICU admission.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Roncon, Loris", "Zuin, Marco", "Zuliani, Giovanni", "Rigatelli, Gianluca"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381262", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320546, "title": "[Management guidelines for vulnerable workers and persons and SARS-CoV-2 in Catalonian businesses].", "journal": "Arch Prev Riesgos Labor", "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320546", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356640, "title": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pneumonia and pulmonary embolism in a 66-year-old woman.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Harsch, Igor A", "Skiba, Marcin", "Konturek, Peter C"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356640", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32237554, "title": "[Emerging infections, the great challenge of global health: Covid-19].", "journal": "Salud Publica Mex", "authors": ["Alpuche-Arand, Celia M"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237554", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32368756, "pmcid": "PMC7196413", "title": "HEART BRAKE-An unusual cardiac manifestation of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "JACC Case Rep", "authors": ["Kir, Devika", "Mohan, Chaitra", "Sancassani, Rhea"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368756", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 49-year-old male presented with worsening high-grade fevers, dry cough and shortness of breath, tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and was noted to have bradycardia with intermittent high-degree AV block. However, cardiac biomarkers and echocardiography were normal, making this an unusual and interesting manifestation showing myocardial involvement of this novel coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32405459, "pmcid": "PMC7217645", "title": "Early estimates of the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child mortality in low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling study.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Roberton, Timothy", "Carter, Emily D", "Chou, Victoria B", "Stegmuller, Angela R", "Jackson, Bianca D", "Tam, Yvonne", "Sawadogo-Lewis, Talata", "Walker, Neff"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405459", "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the COVID-19 pandemic will increase mortality due to the virus, it is also likely to increase mortality indirectly. In this study, we estimate the additional maternal and under-5 child deaths resulting from the potential disruption of health systems and decreased access to food. We modelled three scenarios in which the coverage of essential maternal and child health interventions is reduced by 9\u00b78-51\u00b79% and the prevalence of wasting is increased by 10-50%. Although our scenarios are hypothetical, we sought to reflect real-world possibilities, given emerging reports of the supply-side and demand-side effects of the pandemic. We used the Lives Saved Tool to estimate the additional maternal and under-5 child deaths under each scenario, in 118 low-income and middle-income countries. We estimated additional deaths for a single month and extrapolated for 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Our least severe scenario (coverage reductions of 9\u00b78-18\u00b75% and wasting increase of 10%) over 6 months would result in 253\u2008500 additional child deaths and 12\u2008200 additional maternal deaths. Our most severe scenario (coverage reductions of 39\u00b73-51\u00b79% and wasting increase of 50%) over 6 months would result in 1\u2008157\u2008000 additional child deaths and 56\u2008700 additional maternal deaths. These additional deaths would represent an increase of 9\u00b78-44\u00b77% in under-5 child deaths per month, and an 8\u00b73-38\u00b76% increase in maternal deaths per month, across the 118 countries. Across our three scenarios, the reduced coverage of four childbirth interventions (parenteral administration of uterotonics, antibiotics, and anticonvulsants, and clean birth environments) would account for approximately 60% of additional maternal deaths. The increase in wasting prevalence would account for 18-23% of additional child deaths and reduced coverage of antibiotics for pneumonia and neonatal sepsis and of oral rehydration solution for diarrhoea would together account for around 41% of additional child deaths. Our estimates are based on tentative assumptions and represent a wide range of outcomes. Nonetheless, they show that, if routine health care is disrupted and access to food is decreased (as a result of unavoidable shocks, health system collapse, or intentional choices made in responding to the pandemic), the increase in child and maternal deaths will be devastating. We hope these numbers add context as policy makers establish guidelines and allocate resources in the days and months to come. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Global Affairs Canada."}, {"pmid": 32145768, "pmcid": "PMC7102636", "title": "Can we contain the COVID-19 outbreak with the same measures as for SARS?", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wilder-Smith, Annelies", "Chiew, Calvin J", "Lee, Vernon J"], "date": "2020-03-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145768", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003 resulted in more than 8000 cases and 800 deaths. SARS was eventually contained by means of syndromic surveillance, prompt isolation of patients, strict enforcement of quarantine of all contacts, and in some areas top-down enforcement of community quarantine. By interrupting all human-to-human transmission, SARS was effectively eradicated. By contrast, by Feb 28, 2020, within a matter of 2 months since the beginning of the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), more than 82\u2008000 confirmed cases of COVID-19 have been reported with more than 2800 deaths. Although there are striking similarities between SARS and COVID-19, the differences in the virus characteristics will ultimately determine whether the same measures for SARS will also be successful for COVID-19. COVID-19 differs from SARS in terms of infectious period, transmissibility, clinical severity, and extent of community spread. Even if traditional public health measures are not able to fully contain the outbreak of COVID-19, they will still be effective in reducing peak incidence and global deaths. Exportations to other countries need not result in rapid large-scale outbreaks, if countries have the political will to rapidly implement countermeasures."}, {"pmid": 32274872, "title": "COVID-19 and the ANZ Journal of Surgery.", "journal": "ANZ J Surg", "authors": ["Smith, Julian A"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274872", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526085, "title": "SARS-CoV, Mers-CoV and Covid-19:what differences from a dermatological viewpoint?", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Rongioletti, Franco"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526085", "countries": ["China", "Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Over the past two decades, 3 zoonotic global coronavirus outbreaks have occurred: 1. SARS starting in 2002 in China due to SARS-CoV; 2. MERS starting in 2012 in Saudi Arabia due to MERS-CoV; 3. Covid-19 due to SARS-CoV-2 starting in 2019 in Wuhan, China (1).\u00a0Both beta-coronaviruses, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV caused a severe disease in most infected people."}, {"pmid": 32437754, "pmcid": "PMC7211575", "title": "Identifying potential undocumented COVID-19 using publicly reported influenza-like-illness and laboratory-confirmed influenza disease in the United States: An approach to syndromic surveillance?", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Wiemken, Timothy L", "Shacham, Enbal"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437754", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the absence of widespread testing, syndromic surveillance approaches may be useful for understanding potential undocumented coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States. We used publicly available data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FluView Interactive to evaluate its potential for COVID-19 syndromic surveillance. Unlike the prior 3 influenza seasons, we found a 76% decrease in influenza positive tests and a 27% increase in influenza like illness during the weeks since COVID-19 outbreaks began in the United States, which suggests FluView's potential utility for COVID-19 syndromic surveillance."}, {"pmid": 32525535, "title": "\"Abandoned\" Nursing Homes Continue to Face Critical Supply and Staff Shortages as COVID-19 Toll Has Mounted.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Abbasi, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525535", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32113824, "pmcid": "PMC7127252", "title": "First case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia in Taiwan.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Cheng, Shao-Chung", "Chang, Yuan-Chia", "Fan Chiang, Yu-Long", "Chien, Yu-Chan", "Cheng, Mingte", "Yang, Chin-Hua", "Huang, Chia-Husn", "Hsu, Yuan-Nian"], "date": "2020-03-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32113824", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of respiratory illness proved to be infected by a 2019 novel coronavirus, officially named Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), was notified first in Wuhan, China, and has spread rapidly in China and to other parts of the world. Herein, we reported the first confirmed case of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) imported from China in Taiwan. This case report revealed a natural course of NCP with self-recovery, which may be a good example in comparison with medical treatments."}, {"pmid": 32407056, "title": "Is the rehabilitation ready for COVID-19 patients' care?", "journal": "Minerva Med", "authors": ["Ronconi, Gianpaolo", "Ferrara, Paola E", "Codazza, Sefora", "Cerulli, Simona"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407056", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429885, "pmcid": "PMC7235176", "title": "Keeping up with the information explosion: a surge in consumption of data on pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection by pediatric emergency physicians.", "journal": "Int J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Feldman, Oren", "Boukai, Amit", "Shavit, Itai"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429885", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "PEM-Database.org is an unaffiliated, not-for-profit website, dedicated to the field's advancement of pediatric emergency medicine. PEM-Database published the first early access pediatric-related SARS-CoV-2 articles on March 13th, two days following the World Health Organization's declaration of a global pandemic. Over the following 2\u2009weeks, the number of PEM-Database entries increased dramatically. This surge expresses interest by pediatric emergency medicine physicians in data on pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32281327, "title": "[Rapid establishment of traditional Chinese medicine prevention and treatment of 2019-nCoV based on clinical experience and molecular docking].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Niu, Ming", "Wang, Rui-Lin", "Wang, Zhong-Xia", "Zhang, Ping", "Bai, Zhao-Fang", "Jing, Jing", "Guo, Yu-Ming", "Zhao, Xu", "Zhan, Xiao-Yan", "Zhang, Zi-Teng", "Song, Xue-Ai", "Qin, En-Qiang", "Wang, Jia-Bo", "Xiao, Xiao-He"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281327", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) is raging in China and more than 20 other countries and regions since the middle of December 2019. Currently, there is no specific drug or vaccine besides symptomatic supportive therapy. Taking full advantage of the clinical experience of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in preventing and controlling major epidemics such as SARS, it is an important mission for TCM to propose effective formula with immediate response and solid evidence by using modern biomedical knowledge and techniques(molecular docking assisted TCM formulation for short). In view of the high homology between the gene sequences of the novel coronavirus and SARS virus, and the similarities between the two in terms of pathogenic mechanism and clinical manifestations, our team established a rapid screening and optimization model for the prevention and treatment of the novel coronavirus based on clinical experience and molecular docking technology. Firstly, the clinical team and the research team pre-developed and screened TCM formula by using &quot;back-to-back&quot; manner. Then, the formula was optimized and determined by comparing and analyzing the results of the two groups. The results showed that the research team screened out 46 active ingredients from candidate TCMs that could act on the novel coronavirus S-protein-binding site of human ACE2 protein, which were mainly attributed to 7 herbs such as Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Mori Folium. The result was largely consistent with the formula raised by the clinical group, verifying and supporting its rationality. This provides evidence for the scientific and potential efficacy of the TCM prescription from the perspective of treatment target analysis, and also suggests that the TCM prescription has the potential to directly inhibit viral infection in addition to improving clinical symptoms or syndromes. Based on this, our team optimized and formed a new anti-coronavirus TCM prescription &quot;Keguan Yihao&quot;, immediately providing the TCM prescription with certain clinical experience and objective evidence support for the prevention and treatment of new emergent infectious diseases in our hospital. The TCM prescription was combined with modern medicine symptomatic supportive treatment for clinical treatment, preliminary results showed better effect than symptomatic supportive therapy alone. This research has innovated the method mode in clinical practice and basic research integration of traditional Chinese medicine for the prevention and control of new emerging infectious diseases. It is of great significance to further improve the rapid response mechanism of TCM in face of major epidemics, and further improve the capability level of TCM to prevent and treat new emerging infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32420609, "title": "Clinical Outcome of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Haemato-oncology Patients.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Aries, James A", "Davies, Jeffrey K", "Auer, Rebecca L", "Hallam, Simon L", "Montoto, Silvia", "Smith, Matthew", "Sevillano, Belen", "Foggo, Vanessa", "Wrench, Bela", "Zegocki, Krzysztof", "Agrawal, Samir", "Le Dieu, Rifca", "Truelove, Edward", "Erblich, Thomas", "Araf, Shamzah", "Okosun, Jessica", "Oakervee, Heather", "Cavenagh, Jamie D", "Gribben, John G", "Riches, John C"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420609", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349826, "pmcid": "PMC7235307", "title": "COVID-19 and mental health of older adults in the Philippines: a perspective from a developing country.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Buenaventura, Robert D", "Ho, Jacqueline B", "Lapid, Maria I"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349826", "countries": ["Philippines"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510470, "title": "Is innate immunity our best weapon for flattening the curve?", "journal": "J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Angka, Leonard", "Market, Marisa", "Ardolino, Michele", "Auer, Rebecca C"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510470", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Broadly activating innate immunity, which has been achieved via unrelated vaccines or Type-I INF-like factors, may effectively treat or prevent COVID-19 and future coronavirus diseases."}, {"pmid": 32370525, "title": "Editorial: Covid-19 special collection.", "journal": "Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med", "authors": ["Ray, Sunanda C"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370525", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No abstract available."}, {"pmid": 32467977, "title": "Challenges of community point-of-care antibody testing for COVID-19 herd-immunity in Japan.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Takita, Morihito", "Matsumura, Tomoko", "Yamamoto, Kana", "Yamashita, Erika", "Hosoda, Kazutaka", "Hamaki, Tamae", "Kusumi, Eiji"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467977", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346658, "pmcid": "PMC7186190", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and Bats: From Flight to Fighting COVID-19.", "journal": "JACC Basic Transl Sci", "authors": ["Mann, Douglas L"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346658", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32322036, "title": "Why the World Bank ex-chief is on a mission to end coronavirus transmission.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Maxmen, Amy"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322036", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374851, "pmcid": "PMC7239169", "title": "The Rheumatology Community responds to the COVID-19 pandemic: the establishment of the COVID-19 global rheumatology alliance.", "journal": "Rheumatology (Oxford)", "authors": ["Wallace, Zachary S", "Bhana, Suleman", "Hausmann, Jonathan S", "Robinson, Philip C", "Sufka, Paul", "Sirotich, Emily", "Yazdany, Jinoos", "Grainger, Rebecca"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374851", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291383, "pmcid": "PMC7177038", "title": "Psychological Impact and Coping Strategies of Frontline Medical Staff in Hunan Between January and March 2020 During the Outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19) in Hubei, China.", "journal": "Med Sci Monit", "authors": ["Cai, Haozheng", "Tu, Baoren", "Ma, Jing", "Chen, Limin", "Fu, Lei", "Jiang, Yongfang", "Zhuang, Quan"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291383", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BACKGROUND Throughout China, during the recent epidemic in Hubei province, frontline medical staff have been responsible for tracing contacts of patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201119). This study aimed to investigate the psychological impact and coping strategies of frontline medical staff in Hunan province, adjacent to Hubei province, during the COVID\u201119 outbreak between January and March 2020. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional observational study included doctors, nurses, and other hospital staff throughout Hunan province between January and March 2020. The study questionnaire included five sections and 67 questions (scores, 0-3). The chi-squared \u03c7\u00b2 test was used to compare the responses between professional groups, age-groups, and gender. RESULTS Study questionnaires were completed by 534 frontline medical staff. The responses showed that they believed they had a social and professional obligation to continue working long hours. Medical staff were anxious regarding their safety and the safety of their families and reported psychological effects from reports of mortality from COVID\u201119 infection. The availability of strict infection control guidelines, specialized equipment, recognition of their efforts by hospital management and the government, and reduction in reported cases of COVID\u201119 provided psychological benefit. CONCLUSIONS The COVID\u201119 outbreak in Hubei resulted in increased stress for medical staff in adjacent Hunan province. Continued acknowledgment of the medical staff by hospital management and the government, provision of infection control guidelines, specialized equipment and facilities for the management of COVID\u201119 infection should be recognized as factors that may encourage medical staff to work during future epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32412541, "pmcid": "PMC7220579", "title": "One Bioethics for Covid 19?", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Thompson, Paul B"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412541", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418663, "pmcid": "PMC7164895", "title": "Cold Plasma, a New Hope in the Field of Virus Inactivation.", "journal": "Trends Biotechnol", "authors": ["Filipic, Arijana", "Gutierrez-Aguirre, Ion", "Primc, Gregor", "Mozetic, Miran", "Dobnik, David"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418663", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Viruses can infect all cell-based organisms, from bacteria to humans, animals, and plants. They are responsible for numerous cases of hospitalization, many deaths, and widespread crop destruction, all of which result in an enormous medical, economical, and biological burden. Each of the currently used decontamination methods has important drawbacks. Cold plasma (CP) has entered this field as a novel, efficient, and clean solution for virus inactivation. We present recent developments in this promising field of CP-mediated virus inactivation, and describe the applications and mechanisms of the inactivation. This is particularly relevant because viral pandemics, such as COVID-19, highlight the need for alternative virus inactivation methods to replace, complement, or upgrade existing procedures."}, {"pmid": 32472383, "pmcid": "PMC7260124", "title": "COVID-19 and parasitology.", "journal": "Parasitol Res", "authors": ["de Souza, Wanderley"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472383", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360422, "title": "Primum non nocere: Potential indirect adverse effects of COVID-19 containment strategies in the African region.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wehrens, Erik", "Bangura, James S", "Falama, Abdul M", "Kamara, Kelfala B B", "Dubbink, Jan H", "Bolkan, Hakon A", "Grobusch, Martin P"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360422", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311070, "pmcid": "PMC7264800", "title": "Caregiving at a Physical Distance: Initial Thoughts for COVID-19 and Beyond.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Duong, Michael Tran", "Karlawish, Jason"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311070", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393594, "title": "Management of patients with COPD during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Attaway, Amy"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393594", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with COPD have an increased risk for severity of COVID-19. Flu-like symptoms with dyspnea may distinguish COVID-19 infection from dyspnea due to a COPD-related exacerbation. Management of COPD with COVID-19 warrants standard-of-care treatment with antimicrobial agents and corticosteroids, though limiting the dose and duration of steroids use may be warranted due to the risk of increased viral shedding. Modalities to treat acute respiratory failure can be used with some caveats. Patients with COPD and COVID-19 infection who treat their illness at home should self-isolate, use nebulizers in ways that avoid viral aerosolization, and frequently disinfect room surfaces."}, {"pmid": 32470948, "title": "Why does COVID-19 disproportionately affect older people?", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Mueller, Amber L", "McNamara, Maeve S", "Sinclair, David A"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470948", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severity and outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) largely depends on a patient's age. Adults over 65 years of age represent 80% of hospitalizations and have a 23-fold greater risk of death than those under 65. In the clinic, COVID-19 patients most commonly present with fever, cough and dyspnea, and from there the disease can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, lung consolidation, cytokine release syndrome, endotheliitis, coagulopathy, multiple organ failure and death. Comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity increase the chances of fatal disease, but they alone do not explain why age is an independent risk factor. Here, we present the molecular differences between young, middle-aged and older people that may explain why COVID-19 is a mild illness in some but life-threatening in others. We also discuss several biological age clocks that could be used in conjunction with genetic tests to identify both the mechanisms of the disease and individuals most at risk. Finally, based on these mechanisms, we discuss treatments that could increase the survival of older people, not simply by inhibiting the virus, but by restoring patients' ability to clear the infection and effectively regulate immune responses."}, {"pmid": 32358217, "title": "Rapid implementation of virtual neurology in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Grossman, Scott N", "Han, Steve C", "Balcer, Laura J", "Kurzweil, Arielle", "Weinberg, Harold", "Galetta, Steven L", "Busis, Neil A"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358217", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is causing world-wide social dislocation, operational and economic dysfunction, and high rates of morbidity and mortality. Medical practices are responding by developing, disseminating, and implementing unprecedented changes in health care delivery. Telemedicine has rapidly moved to the frontline of clinical practice due to the need for prevention and mitigation strategies; these have been encouraged, facilitated, and enabled by changes in government rules and regulations and payer-driven reimbursement policies. We describe our neurology department's situational transformation from in-person outpatient visits to a largely virtual neurology practice in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Two key factors enabled our rapid deployment of virtual encounters in neurology and its subspecialties. The first was a well-established robust information technology infrastructure supporting virtual urgent care services at our institution; this connected physicians directly to patients using both the physician's and the patient's own mobile devices. The second is the concept of one patient, one chart, facilitated by a suite of interconnected electronic medical record (EMR) applications on several different device types. We present our experience with conducting general teleneurology encounters using secure synchronous audio and video connections integrated with an EMR. This report also details how we perform virtual neurologic examinations that are clinically meaningful and how we document, code, and bill for these virtual services. Many of these processes can be used by other neurology providers, regardless of their specific practice model. We then discuss potential roles for teleneurology after the COVID-19 global pandemic has been contained."}, {"pmid": 32325392, "pmcid": "PMC7161508", "title": "Two cases report of epidemic stress disorder to novel coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Wang, Congjie", "Zhou, Juan", "Zong, Chengjuan"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325392", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374807, "title": "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare professionals.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Ornell, Felipe", "Halpern, Silvia Chwartzmann", "Kessler, Felix Henrique Paim", "Narvaez, Joana Correa de Magalhaes"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374807", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395418, "pmcid": "PMC7211915", "title": "An Update on Current Therapeutic Drugs Treating COVID-19.", "journal": "Curr Pharmacol Rep", "authors": ["Wu, Renyi", "Wang, Lujing", "Kuo, Hsiao-Chen Dina", "Shannar, Ahmad", "Peter, Rebecca", "Chou, Pochung Jordan", "Li, Shanyi", "Hudlikar, Rasika", "Liu, Xia", "Liu, Zhigang", "Poiani, George J", "Amorosa, Louis", "Brunetti, Luigi", "Kong, Ah-Ng"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395418", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has presented unprecedented challenges to the healthcare systems in almost every country around the world. Currently, there are no proven effective vaccines or therapeutic agents against the virus. Current clinical management includes infection prevention and control measures and supportive care including supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilatory support. Evolving research and clinical data regarding the virologic SARS-CoV-2 suggest a potential list of repurposed drugs with appropriate pharmacological effects and therapeutic efficacies in treating COVID-19 patients. In this review, we will update and summarize the most common and plausible drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. These drugs and therapeutic agents include antiviral agents (remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, lopinavir, umifenovir, favipiravir, and oseltamivir), and supporting agents (Ascorbic acid, Azithromycin, Corticosteroids, Nitric oxide, IL-6 antagonists), among others. We hope that this review will provide useful and most updated therapeutic drugs to prevent, control, and treat COVID-19 patients until the approval of vaccines and specific drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32469045, "title": "Surviving the surge: Evaluation of early impact of COVID-19 on inpatient pharmacy services at a community teaching hospital.", "journal": "Am J Health Syst Pharm", "authors": ["McConachie, Sean", "Martirosov, Dmitriy", "Wang, Bryan", "Desai, Neha", "Jarjosa, Sabrina", "Hsaiky, Lama"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469045", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has presented novel challenges to healthcare systems; however, an analysis of the impact of the pandemic on inpatient pharmacy services has not yet been conducted. Results of an observational assessment of operational and clinical pharmacy services at a community teaching hospital during the first weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic are presented. Service outcomes of the inpatient pharmacy were evaluated from February 1 to April 8, 2020. Outcomes during the weeks preceding the first COVID-19 admission (February 1 to March 11, 2020) and during the pandemic period (March 12 to April 8, 2020) were compared. Evaluated outcomes included daily order verifications, clinical interventions, and usage of relevant medications. An exploratory statistical analysis was conducted using Student's t test. During the pandemic period, the number of new order verifications decreased from approximately 5,000 orders per day to 3,300 orders per day (P < 0.01), a reduction of 30% during the first 4 weeks of the pandemic compared to the weeks prior. Average daily pharmacokinetic dosing consults were reduced in the pandemic period (from 82 to 67; P < 0.01) compared to the prepandemic period; however, total daily pharmacist interventions did not differ significantly (473 vs 456; P = 0.68). Dispensing of hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, enoxaparin, and sedative medications increased substantially during the pandemic period (P < 0.01 for all comparisons). The operational and clinical requirements of an inpatient pharmacy department shifted considerably during the first weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic. Pharmacy departments must be adaptable in order to continue to provide effective pharmaceutical care during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32453688, "title": "COVID-19, thromboembolic risk and thromboprophylaxis: learning lessons from the bedside, awaiting evidence.", "journal": "Blood Transfus", "authors": ["Coppola, Antonio", "Lombardi, Maria", "Tassoni, Maria I", "Carolla, Gaetano", "Tala, Maurizio", "Morandini, Rossella", "Paoletti, Oriana", "Testa, Sophie"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453688", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396384, "pmcid": "PMC7218355", "title": "General thoracic surgery services across Asia during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann", "authors": ["Jheon, Sanghoon", "Ahmed, Aneez Db", "Fang, Vincent Wt", "Jung, Woohyun", "Khan, Ali Zamir", "Lee, Jang-Ming", "Nakajima, Jun", "Sihoe, Alan Dl", "Thongcharoen, Punnarerk", "Tsuboi, Masahiro", "Turna, Akif"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396384", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 posed an historic challenge to healthcare systems around the world. Besides mounting a massive response to the viral outbreak, healthcare systems needed to consider provision of clinical services to other patients in need. Surgical services for patients with thoracic disease were maintained to different degrees across various regions of Asia, ranging from significant reductions to near-normal service. Key determinants of robust thoracic surgery service provision included: preexisting plans for an epidemic response, aggressive early action to \"flatten the curve\", ability to dedicate resources separately to COVID-19 and routine clinical services, prioritization of thoracic surgery, and the volume of COVID-19 cases in that region. The lessons learned can apply to other regions during this pandemic, and to the world, in preparation for the next one."}, {"pmid": 32487685, "title": "European Federation for Colposcopy (EFC) and European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO) joint considerations about human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, screening programs, colposcopy, and surgery during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Gynecol Cancer", "authors": ["Ciavattini, Andrea", "Delli Carpini, Giovanni", "Giannella, Luca", "Arbyn, Marc", "Kyrgiou, Maria", "Joura, Elmar A", "Sehouli, Jalid", "Carcopino, Xavier", "Redman, Charles W", "Nieminen, Pekka", "Cruickshank, Maggie", "Gultekin, Murat"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487685", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376033, "pmcid": "PMC7196317", "title": "COVID-19: 2020 is the International Year of the Midwife.", "journal": "Midwifery", "authors": ["Bick, Debra"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376033", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513640, "title": "Letter to the Editor: Productively protecting a cohort of vulnerable plastic surgery trainees in the COVID-19 pandemic in a new virtual trauma clinic.", "journal": "J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg", "authors": ["Westley, Suzanne", "Creasy, Henrietta", "Shah, Rupali", "Shaharan, Shazrinizam", "Mistry, Rikki", "Awad, Guirgis", "Blair, Jame", "Cubison, Tania"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513640", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32481379, "title": "The status and trends of coronavirus research: A global bibliometric and visualized analysis.", "journal": "Medicine (Baltimore)", "authors": ["Mao, Xingjia", "Guo, Lu", "Fu, Panfeng", "Xiang, Chuan"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32481379", "countries": ["China", "United States", "Netherlands"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The infectious pneumonia caused by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, from December 2019 and spread the whole country and even other 24 countries. Coronavirus research is of significance to overcome the epidemic. Our study aims to investigate the global status and trends of coronavirus research. Publications related to the studies of coronavirus research from January 1, 2003 to February 6, 2020 were retrieved from the Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-E) of the Web of Science database. A total of 9294 publications were included. The data source was studied and indexed by bibliometric methodology. For visualized study, bibliographic coupling analysis, co-authorship analysis, co-citation analysis, co-occurrence analysis and the analysis of publication trends in coronavirus research were conducted by VOS (visualization of similarities) viewer and GraphPadPrism 6 software. The number of publications about coronavirus research increased sharply in 2004 for SARS outbreak and increased again in 2012 for MERS outbreak. The USA made the highest contributions to the global research with the most total number of publications, total citation frequency, and the highest H-index, while Netherlands had the highest average citation per item. Journal of Virology had the largest publication numbers. The University of Hong Kong is the most contributive institution with the most publications. The main research orientation and funding agency were virology and United States Department of Health Human Services. Keywords of all related studies could be divided into 4 clusters: \"Pathological research,\" \"Epidemiology research,\" \"Clinical research,\" and \"Mechanism research.\" The outbreak of the epidemic could promote coronavirus research, meanwhile, coronavirus research contributes to overcoming the epidemic. Attention should be drawn to the latest popular research, including \"Spike protein,\" \"Receptor binding domain,\" and \"Vaccine.\" Therefore, more and more efforts will be put into mechanism research and vaccine research and development, which can be helpful to deal with the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32482991, "title": "\"A Tiered-System to Guide Prioritization of Pediatric Cleft and Craniofacial Cases in COVID-19\".", "journal": "Plast Reconstr Surg", "authors": ["Zimmerman, Carrie E", "Humphries, Laura S", "Taylor, Jesse A"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482991", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32187818, "pmcid": "PMC7162280", "title": "The Cholera Epidemics in Hamburg and What to Learn for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Cytometry A", "authors": ["Tarnok, Attila"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32187818", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u00a9 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry."}, {"pmid": 32501427, "pmcid": "PMC7255205", "title": "Potential pathophysiological mechanisms leading to increased COVID-19 susceptibility and severity in obesity.", "journal": "Obes Med", "authors": ["Belancic, Andrej", "Kresovic, Andrea", "Racki, Valentino"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501427", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As we are facing worldwide pandemic of COVID-19, we aimed to identify potential pathophysiological mechanisms leading to increased COVID-19 susceptibility and severity in obesity. Special emphasis will be given on increased susceptibility to infections due to obesity-related low-grade chronic inflammation, higher expression of angiotensin converting enzyme-2 and pathway-associated components, as well as decreased vitamin D bioavailability, since all of them provide easier ways for the virus to enter into host cells, replicate and stunt adequate immune responses."}, {"pmid": 32336678, "pmcid": "PMC7162442", "title": "Generating randomized trial evidence to optimize treatment in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Cheng, Matthew P", "Lee, Todd C", "Tan, Darrell H S", "Murthy, Srinivas"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336678", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32228736, "pmcid": "PMC7156582", "title": "Heart University: a new online educational forum in paediatric and adult congenital cardiac care. The future of virtual learning in a post-pandemic world?", "journal": "Cardiol Young", "authors": ["Tretter, Justin T", "Windram, Jonathan", "Faulkner, Theresa", "Hudgens, Michelle", "Sendzikaite, Skaiste", "Blom, Nico A", "Hanseus, Katarina", "Loomba, Rohit S", "McMahon, Colin J", "Zheleva, Bistra", "Kumar, Raman Krishna", "Jacobs, Jeffrey P", "Oechslin, Erwin N", "Webb, Gary D", "Redington, Andrew N"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32228736", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Online learning has become an increasingly expected and popular component for education of the modern-day adult learner, including the medical provider. In light of the recent coronavirus pandemic, there has never been more urgency to establish opportunities for supplemental online learning. Heart University aims to be \"the go-to online resource\" for e-learning in CHD and paediatric-acquired heart disease. It is a carefully curated open access library of paedagogical material for all providers of care to children and adults with CHD or children with acquired heart disease, whether a trainee or a practising provider. In this manuscript, we review the aims, development, current offerings and standing, and future goals of Heart University."}, {"pmid": 32428303, "title": "COVID-19 and Dermatology: A Comprehensive Guide for Dermatologists.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Fahmy, Dina Hassan", "El-Amawy, Heba Saed", "El-Samongy, Marwa Ahmed", "Foud, Aya Ashraf", "Soliman, Sarah Hamdy", "El-Kady, Aya", "Farnetani, Francesca", "Conti, Andrea", "Zoeir, Ahmed", "Eissa, Ahmed", "Eissa, Radwa", "Puliatti, Stefano", "Sighinolfi, Maria Chiara", "Rocco, Bernardo", "Pellacani, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428303", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425245, "pmcid": "PMC7229965", "title": "[Hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19: how to use it waiting for conclusive scientific evidence].", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Cairoli, Ernesto", "Espinosa, Gerard"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425245", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438257, "pmcid": "PMC7204707", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and enhancing antibodies.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Denner, Joachim"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438257", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447166, "pmcid": "PMC7237933", "title": "Preoperative assessment organization in the time of the outbreak COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Elkoundi, Abdelghafour", "Jaafari, Abdelhamid", "Ababou, Mourad", "Boubekri, Ayoub", "Baite, Abdelouahed", "Bensghir, Mustapha"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447166", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385228, "pmcid": "PMC7205908", "title": "Therapeutic efficacy of Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid (PDL) for COVID-19 in vitro and in vivo.", "journal": "Signal Transduct Target Ther", "authors": ["Deng, Wei", "Xu, Yanfeng", "Kong, Qi", "Xue, Jing", "Yu, Pin", "Liu, Jiangning", "Lv, Qi", "Li, Fengdi", "Wei, Qiang", "Bao, Linlin"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385228", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276755, "pmcid": "PMC7141462", "title": "Infection Control against COVID-19 in Departments of Radiology.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Yu, Juan", "Ding, Ning", "Chen, Huan", "Liu, Xia-Jing", "He, Wen-Jie", "Dai, Wei-Cai", "Zhou, Zhao-Guang", "Lin, Fan", "Pu, Zu-Hui", "Li, Ding-Fu", "Xu, Hua-Jian", "Wang, Yu-Li", "Zhang, Han-Wen", "Lei, Yi"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276755", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 epidemic, which is caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has spread rapidly to become a world-wide pandemic. Chest radiography and chest CT are frequently used to support the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. However, multiple cases of COVID-19 transmission in radiology department have been reported. Here we summarize the lessons we learned and provide suggestions to improve the infection control and prevention practices of healthcare workers in departments of radiology."}, {"pmid": 32399908, "pmcid": "PMC7216851", "title": "Availability of COVID-19 Information from National and International Aesthetic Surgery Society Websites.", "journal": "Aesthetic Plast Surg", "authors": ["Al-Benna, Sammy"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399908", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "National and international aesthetic surgery society websites are an important source of information for patients and aesthetic surgeons. The current COVID-19 pandemic represents an unprecedented global health crisis. The aim of this study was to assess the information available on national and international aesthetic surgery society websites on the current pandemic of COVID-19. National and international aesthetic surgery society websites were assessed with regard to COVID-19 information. Thirty-one per cent of nations had aesthetic surgery society websites. Twenty-two per cent of national society websites had a specific COVID-19 section. Seventeen per cent of these websites had COVID-19-specific guidelines available; of these websites with guidelines, 77% had a specific COVID-19 section advising to provide only urgent or emergent care and 46% provided their sovereign state's directives to provide only urgent or emergent care. Two international aesthetic surgery society websites had COVID-19-specific guidelines, and one of the two had significant educational resources. The availability of COVID-19 clinical guidelines and patient information sheets on national plastic surgery society websites is sparse. In contrast, one international society website carefully analysed national and international recommendations and guidelines and made general recommendations for its members with regularly updated resources. This study suggests that improvement and increase in COVID-19 information provided by many national aesthetic surgery society websites may be improved by links to the ISAPS website. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266."}, {"pmid": 32399096, "pmcid": "PMC7212215", "title": "State-of-the-art tools unveil potent drug targets amongst clinically approved drugs to inhibit helicase in SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Arch Med Sci", "authors": ["Borgio, J Francis", "Alsuwat, Hind Saleh", "Al Otaibi, Waad Mohammed", "Ibrahim, Abdallah M", "Almandil, Noor B", "Al Asoom, Lubna Ibrahim", "Salahuddin, Mohammed", "Kamaraj, Balu", "AbdulAzeez, Sayed"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399096", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The extreme health and economic problems in the world due to the SARS-CoV-2 infection have led to an urgent need to identify potential drug targets for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The present state-of-the-art tool-based screening was targeted to identify drug targets among clinically approved drugs by uncovering SARS-CoV-2 helicase inhibitors through molecular docking analysis. Helicase is a vital viral replication enzyme, which unwinds nucleic acids and separates the double-stranded nucleic acids into single-stranded nucleic acids. Hence, the SARS-CoV-2 helicase protein 3D structure was predicted, validated, and used to screen the druggable targets among clinically approved drugs such as protease inhibitor, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, used to treat HIV infection using molecular docking analysis. Interaction with SARS-CoV-2 helicase, approved drugs, vapreotide (affinity: -12.88; S score: -9.84 kcal/mol), and atazanavir (affinity: -11.28; S score: -9.32 kcal/mol), approved drugs for treating AIDS-related diarrhoea and HIV infection, respectively, are observed with significantly low binding affinity and MOE score or binding free energy. The functional binding pockets of the clinically approved drugs on SARS-CoV-2 helicase protein molecule suggest that vapreotide and atazanavir may interrupt the activities of the SARS-CoV-2 helicase. The study suggests that vapreotide may be a choice of drug for wet lab studies to inhibit the infection of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32427203, "pmcid": "PMC7231487", "title": "Covid-19: Containment exit.", "journal": "Bull Acad Natl Med", "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427203", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401535, "title": "Reply to: COVID-19 Real-time RTPCR: Does Positivity on Follow up RTPCR Always Imply Infectivity?", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Chang, De", "Mo, Guoxin", "Yuan, Xin", "Tao, Yi", "Peng, Xiaohua", "Wang, Fusheng", "Xie, Lixin", "Sharma, Lokesh", "Dela Cruz, Charles S", "Qin, Enqiang"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401535", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513678, "title": "'Do not resuscitate me in Barbados'.", "journal": "BMJ Support Palliat Care", "authors": ["Taubert, Mark"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513678", "countries": ["Barbados"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "New ways of encouraging discussion and education around the topic of do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DNACPR) decisions in healthcare can prove challenging. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is still portrayed as an intervention that is successful even in people with multiple long-term conditions. In 2020, during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic, a letter from a palliative care doctor to his patient was read out as part of an online campaign entitled #ReadALetter, organised by the organisation Letters Live. The letter addresses misconceptions regarding DNACPR decisions and encourages thoughtful dialogue. In particular, it promotes an individualised approach for clinicians, and investigates one patient's journey: from initially rejecting the concept, to later on fully embracing it as part of his holistic care. A journey that took him to Barbados, amongst other places."}, {"pmid": 32473458, "pmcid": "PMC7243761", "title": "The need for fully bio-based facemasks to counter coronavirus outbreaks: A perspective.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Das, Oisik", "Neisiany, Rasoul Esmaeely", "Capezza, Antonio Jose", "Hedenqvist, Mikael S", "Forsth, Michael", "Xu, Qiang", "Jiang, Lin", "Ji, Dongxiao", "Ramakrishna, Seeram"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473458", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The onset of coronavirus pandemic has sparked a shortage of facemasks in almost all nations. Without this personal protective equipment, healthcare providers, essential workers, and the general public are exposed to the risk of infection. In light of the aforementioned, it is critical to balance the supply and demand for masks. COVID-19 will also ensure that masks are always considered as an essential commodity in future pandemic preparedness. Moreover, billions of facemasks are produced from petrochemicals derived raw materials, which are non-degradable upon disposal after their single use, thus causing environmental pollution and damage. The sustainable way forward is to utilise raw materials that are side-stream products of local industries to develop facemasks having equal or better efficiency than the conventional ones. In this regard, wheat gluten biopolymer, which is a by-product or co-product of cereal industries, can be electrospun into nanofibre membranes and subsequently carbonised at over 700\u00a0\u00b0C to form a network structure, which can simultaneously act as the filter media and reinforcement for gluten-based masks. In parallel, the same gluten material can be processed into cohesive thin films using plasticiser and hot press. Additionally, lanosol, a naturally-occurring substance, imparts fire (V-0 rating in vertical burn test), and microbe resistance in gluten plastics. Thus, thin films of flexible gluten with very low amounts of lanosol (<10\u00a0wt%) can be bonded together with the carbonised mat and shaped by thermoforming to create the facemasks. The carbon mat acting as the filter can be attached to the masks through adapters that can also be made from injection moulded gluten. The creation of these masks could simultaneously be effective in reducing the transmittance of infectious diseases and pave the way for environmentally benign sustainable products."}, {"pmid": 32425239, "pmcid": "PMC7229926", "title": "Nurses reports of actual work hours and preferred work hours per shift among frontline nurses during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic: A cross-sectional survey.", "journal": "Int J Nurs Stud", "authors": ["Zhang, Xia", "Jiang, Zhixia", "Yuan, Xiaoli", "Wang, Ying", "Huang, Di", "Hu, Rujun", "Zhou, Jiamei", "Chen, Fang"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425239", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus disease that emerged in China in December 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread to all over the world, leading to 823 626 people diagnosed and 40 598 deaths globally as of April 1, 2020. Nurses are providing care to patients with COVID-19 who require hospitalization. To ensure adequate response capacity and to maintain the health of nurses at risk of infection, it is important to analyse the actual work hours and the nurses reported preferred work hours per shift among frontline nurses. To analyse the actual work hours and preferred work hours per shift of nurses reports among frontline nurses fighting the COVID-19 epidemic and to explore the influencing factors on the nurses reported preferred work hours. Cross-sectional survey. This study was conducted in 10 designated hospitals providing treatments to patients with COVID-19 in China. Nurses providing care to patients with COVID-19 in designated hospitals in China. A self-designed questionnaire with open-ended questions was used to assess frontline nurses caring for COVID-19 cases in 10 designated hospitals. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to analyse the actual work hours, the nurses reported preferred work hours and factors influencing nurses reported preferred work hours among the frontline nurses. A total of 109 nurses responded to the survey. The actual work hours per shift among frontline nurses were exceeded the nurses reported preferred work hours [Median (interquartile range): 5.00(2.00) h vs 4.00 (2.00)h; Minmum-Maxmum: 4-12 h vs 4-8 h], and 60.55% (66/109) of the nurses regarded 4 h as the preferred number of work hours per shift. Five key themes associated with the influencing factors emerged, including circumstances, personal preventable equipment, the physical and emotional needs of nurse, the safety needs of nurse and work intensity. These findings suggest that there is a gap between the actual work hours and the nurses reported preferred work hours among frontline nurses in different units and different posts. The main influencing factors were circumstances, personal preventable equipment, the physical and emotional needs of nurse, the safety needs of nurse and work intensity."}, {"pmid": 32374452, "pmcid": "PMC7267556", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: Structural diversity, phylogeny, and potential animal host identification of spike glycoprotein.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Dabravolski, Siarhei Alexander", "Kavalionak, Yury Kazimirovich"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374452", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the evolutionary history of the current pandemic outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a total of 137 genomes of coronavirus strains with release dates between January 2019 and 25 March 2020, were analyzed. To investigate the potential intermediate host of the SARS-CoV-2, we analyzed spike glycoprotein sequences from different animals, with particular emphasis on bats. We performed phylogenetic analysis and structural reconstruction of the spike glycoproteins with subsequent alignment and comparison. Our phylogenetic results revealed that SARS-CoV-2 was more similar to the bats' betacoronavirus isolates: HKU5-related from Pipistrellus abramus and HKU4-related from Tylonycteris pachypus. We also identified a yak betacoronavirus strain, YAK/HY24/CH/2017, as the closest match in the comparison of the structural models of spike glycoproteins. Interestingly, a set of unique features has been described for this particular strain of the yak betacoronavirus. Therefore, our results suggest that the human SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the current outbreak of COVID-19, could also come from yak as an intermediate host."}, {"pmid": 32415313, "pmcid": "PMC7225399", "title": "Clinical features and development of sepsis in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2: a retrospective analysis of 150 cases outside Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Ren, Di", "Ren, Chao", "Yao, Ren-Qi", "Feng, Yong-Wen", "Yao, Yong-Ming"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415313", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271604, "title": "The COVID-19 Emergency Response Should Include a Mental Health Component.", "journal": "Arch Iran Med", "authors": ["Assari, Shervin", "Habibzadeh, Parham"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271604", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376966, "title": "Coronavirus: share lessons on lifting lockdowns.", "journal": "Nature", "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376966", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32254054, "pmcid": "PMC7137107", "title": "Visualizing an unseen enemy; mobilizing structural biology to counter COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol", "authors": ["Baker, Edward N"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32254054", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268390, "pmcid": "PMC7141898", "title": "Responding to COVID-19: The UW Medicine Information Technology Services Experience.", "journal": "Appl Clin Inform", "authors": ["Grange, Elisha S", "Neil, Eric J", "Stoffel, Michelle", "Singh, Angad P", "Tseng, Ethan", "Resco-Summers, Kelly", "Fellner, B Jane", "Lynch, John B", "Mathias, Patrick C", "Mauritz-Miller, Kristal", "Sutton, Paul R", "Leu, Michael G"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268390", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "UW Medicine was one of the first health systems to encounter and treat COVID-19 patients in the United States, starting in late February 2020. Here we describe the rapid rollout of capabilities by UW Medicine Information Technology Services (ITS) to support our clinical response to the COVID-19 pandemic and provide recommendations for health systems to urgently consider, as they plan their own response to this and potentially other future pandemics. Our recommendations include establishing a hospital incident command structure that includes tight integration with IT, creating automated dashboards for incident command, optimizing emergency communication to staff and patients, and preparing human resources, security, other policies, and equipment to support the transition of all nonessential staff to telework.We describe how UW Medicine quickly expanded telemedicine capabilities to include most primary care providers and increasing numbers of specialty providers. We look at how we managed expedited change control processes to quickly update electronic health records (EHR) with new COVID-19 laboratory and clinical workflows. We also examine the integration of new technology such as tele-intensive care (ICU) equipment and improved integration with teleconferencing software into our EHR. To support the rapid preparation for COVID-19 at other health systems, we include samples of the UW Medicine's COVID-19 order set, COVID-19 documentation template, dashboard metric categories, and a list of the top 10 things your health care IT organization can do now to prepare. The COVID-19 response requires new and expedited ways of approaching ITS support to clinical needs. UW Medicine ITS leadership hope that by quickly sharing our nimble response to clinical and operational requests, we can help other systems prepare to respond to this public health emergency."}, {"pmid": 32044387, "pmcid": "PMC7129271", "title": "Maps, masks and media - Traveller and practitioner resources for 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) acute respiratory virus.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chiodini, Jane"], "date": "2020-02-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32044387", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358230, "pmcid": "PMC7217131", "title": "PLASTIC SURGERY AND THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A REVIEW OF CLINICAL GUIDELINES.", "journal": "Ann Plast Surg", "authors": ["Ozturk, Cemile Nurdan", "Kuruoglu, Doga", "Ozturk, Can", "Rampazzo, Antonio", "Gurunian Gurunluoglu, Raffi"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358230", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first reported in December 2019 in China and was soon declared a pandemic by World Health Organization. Many elective and non-essential surgeries were postponed worldwide in an effort to minimize spread of disease as well as to conserve resources. Our goal with this article is to review current practice guidelines in setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, based on available data and literature. Websites pertaining to surgical and medical societies, and government agencies were reviewed, along with recently published literature to identify recommendations related to COVID-19 and plastic surgery procedures. Clinical practice modifications are recommended during the pandemic, in outpatient and perioperative settings. Use of personal protective equipment is critical for aerosol generating procedures such as surgery in the head and neck area. Care for trauma and malignancy should continue during the pandemic, however definitive reconstruction could be delayed for select cases. Specific recommendations were made for surgical treatment of cancer, trauma and semi-urgent reconstructive procedures based on available data and literature. The risk and benefit of each reconstructive procedure should be carefully analyzed in relation to necessary patient care, minimized COVID-19 spread, protection of health care personnel and utilization of resources. Recommendations in this manuscript should be taken in the context of each institute's resources and prevalance of COVID-19 in the region. It should be emphasized that the guidelines provided are a snapshot of current practices and are subject to change as the pandemic continues to evolve."}, {"pmid": 32425231, "pmcid": "PMC7233227", "title": "COVID-19: Long-term Planning for Procedure-based Specialties During Extended Mitigation and Suppression Strategies.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Rouillard, Smita", "Liu, Vincent X", "Corley, Douglas A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425231", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32322916, "pmcid": "PMC7176313", "title": "Contribution of Interventional Radiology to the Management of COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol", "authors": ["Monfardini, Lorenzo", "Sallemi, Claudio", "Gennaro, Nicolo", "Pedicini, Vittorio", "Bna, Claudio"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322916", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425282, "pmcid": "PMC7228690", "title": "Practicing Corona - Towards a research agenda of health policies.", "journal": "Health Policy", "authors": ["Bal, Roland", "de Graaff, Bert", "van de Bovenkamp, Hester", "Wallenburg, Iris"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425282", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As Corona virus is putting a huge stress on healthcare systems around the world, analysts of health policy will have to respond with starting up research on the consequences of current policies. In this paper, we propose an agenda for research of health policy from a governance perspective, focussing on the consequences of decision-making structures and practices, the mediatisation of the pandemic, the organisation of healthcare systems and the role of expertise."}, {"pmid": 32464496, "pmcid": "PMC7246007", "title": "Genetic variation in SARS-CoV-2 may explain variable severity of COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Biswas, Subrata K", "Mudi, Sonchita R"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464496", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428966, "title": "COVID-19 convalescent plasma donor recruitment: beware the Faustian bargains.", "journal": "Transfusion", "authors": ["Gniadek, Thomas J", "Donnersberger, David"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428966", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251513, "pmcid": "PMC7143149", "title": "Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Care Workers in Singapore.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Tan, Benjamin Y Q", "Chew, Nicholas W S", "Lee, Grace K H", "Jing, Mingxue", "Goh, Yihui", "Yeo, Leonard L L", "Zhang, Ka", "Chin, Howe-Keat", "Ahmad, Aftab", "Khan, Faheem Ahmed", "Shanmugam, Ganesh Napolean", "Chan, Bernard P L", "Sunny, Sibi", "Chandra, Bharatendu", "Ong, Jonathan J Y", "Paliwal, Prakash R", "Wong, Lily Y H", "Sagayanathan, Renarebecca", "Chen, Jin Tao", "Ying Ng, Alison Ying", "Teoh, Hock Luen", "Ho, Cyrus S", "Ho, Roger C", "Sharma, Vijay K"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251513", "countries": ["Singapore"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251143, "title": "Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy Can Transcend Perianal Crohn's Disease: How Colorectal Surgeons Can Help in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Crisis.", "journal": "Dis Colon Rectum", "authors": ["Lightner, Amy L", "Garcia-Olmo, Damian"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251143", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418620, "pmcid": "PMC7200365", "title": "Expression of ACE2, the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor, and TMPRSS2 in Prostate Epithelial Cells.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Song, Hanbing", "Seddighzadeh, Bobak", "Cooperberg, Matthew R", "Huang, Franklin W"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418620", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32232322, "pmcid": "PMC7184419", "title": "Disparities in Age-Specific Morbidity and Mortality from SARS-CoV-2 in China and the Republic of Korea.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Dudley, Joseph P", "Lee, Nam Taek"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232322", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We analyzed age- and sex-specific morbidity and mortality data from SARS-COV-2 pandemic in China and Republic of Korea (ROK). Data from China exhibit a Gaussian distribution with peak morbidity in the 50-59 years cohort, while the ROK data have a bimodal distribution with highest morbidity in the 20-29 years cohort."}, {"pmid": 32323399, "pmcid": "PMC7235483", "title": "Management of advanced melanoma in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Conforti, Claudio", "Giuffrida, Roberta", "Di Meo, Nicola", "Zalaudek, Iris"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323399", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497746, "pmcid": "PMC7262533", "title": "Strategy for treating vascular emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic in China.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Wang, Jinsong", "Kuang, Ming", "Chen, Lingwu", "Lian, Chong", "Zhao, Lei", "Wang, Shenming"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497746", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus-caused pneumonia (COVID-19) broke out in Dec 2019. The virus soon proved to be extremely contagious and caused an international pandemic. Clinicians treating COVID-19 patients face considerable danger of occupational exposure due to the highly infectious nature of the virus and precautions must be taken to prevent medical staff infections. This article lists important measures that may save the lives of patients and medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic and help to stop the transmission of COVID-19 on hospital grounds. The suggestions include: 1. Establishing detailed Infection Control and Prevention Protocols in the operating room; 2. Expediting testing procedures and patient screening for COVID-19; 3. Utilizing case-specific treatment planning for vascular patients with COVID-19, favoring minimally invasive methods; 4. Establishing and reinforcing protective awareness within medical personnel."}, {"pmid": 32405162, "pmcid": "PMC7219423", "title": "A study on infectivity of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers.", "journal": "Respir Med", "authors": ["Gao, Ming", "Yang, Lihui", "Chen, Xuefu", "Deng, Yiyu", "Yang, Shifang", "Xu, Hanyi", "Chen, Zixing", "Gao, Xinglin"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405162", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32404809, "title": "Asymptomatic COVID-19 positive patient suspected on FDG-PET/CT.", "journal": "Nucl Med Commun", "authors": ["Castanheira, Joana", "Mascarenhas Gaivao, Ana", "Mairos Teixeira, Sonia", "Pereira, Paulo J", "Costa, Durval C"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404809", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32195702, "pmcid": "PMC7155905", "title": "Novel Coronavirus 2019 and Anesthesiology.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Kharasch, Evan D", "Jiang, Yandong"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32195702", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336012, "pmcid": "PMC7267599", "title": "Acute care surgery and post-operative COVID-19 pneumonia: a surgical and environmental challenge.", "journal": "ANZ J Surg", "authors": ["Lepre, Luca", "Costa, Gianluca", "Virno, Vincenzo A", "Dalsasso, Giuseppe", "Campa, Rossella D", "Clavarino, Federico", "Petrucciani, Niccolo"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336012", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32218549, "title": "Should scientists infect healthy people with the coronavirus to test vaccines?", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Callaway, Ewen"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32218549", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515366, "title": "PMA leading a multilateral fight against COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Sajjad, S M Qaisar"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515366", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396132, "pmcid": "PMC7250064", "title": "Mathematical Modeling of COVID-19 Control and Prevention Based on Immigration Population Data in China: Model Development and Validation.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Huang, Qiangsheng", "Kang, Yu Sunny"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396132", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the end of February 2020, the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China had drastically slowed and appeared to be under control compared to the peak data in early February of that year. However, the outcomes of COVID-19 control and prevention measures varied between regions (ie, provinces and municipalities) in China; moreover, COVID-19 has become a global pandemic, and the spread of the disease has accelerated in countries outside China. This study aimed to establish valid models to evaluate the effectiveness of COVID-19 control and prevention among various regions in China. These models also targeted regions with control and prevention problems by issuing immediate warnings. We built a mathematical model, the Epidemic Risk Time Series Model, and used it to analyze two sets of data, including the daily COVID-19 incidence (ie, newly diagnosed cases) as well as the daily immigration population size. Based on the results of the model evaluation, some regions, such as Shanghai and Zhejiang, were successful in COVID-19 control and prevention, whereas other regions, such as Heilongjiang, yielded poor performance. The evaluation result was highly correlated with the basic reproduction number (R0) value, and the result was evaluated in a timely manner at the beginning of the disease outbreak. The Epidemic Risk Time Series Model was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of COVID-19 control and prevention in different regions in China based on analysis of immigration population data. Compared to other methods, such as R0, this model enabled more prompt issue of early warnings. This model can be generalized and applied to other countries to evaluate their COVID-19 control and prevention."}, {"pmid": 32027036, "pmcid": "PMC7166773", "title": "Genomic variance of the 2019-nCoV coronavirus.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Ceraolo, Carmine", "Giorgi, Federico M"], "date": "2020-02-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32027036", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is a rising global concern for the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Full genomic sequences have been released by the worldwide scientific community in the last few weeks to understand the evolutionary origin and molecular characteristics of this virus. Taking advantage of all the genomic information currently available, we constructed a phylogenetic tree including also representatives of other coronaviridae, such as Bat coronavirus (BCoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome. We confirm high sequence similarity (>99%) between all sequenced 2019-nCoVs genomes available, with the closest BCoV sequence sharing 96.2% sequence identity, confirming the notion of a zoonotic origin of 2019-nCoV. Despite the low heterogeneity of the 2019-nCoV genomes, we could identify at least two hypervariable genomic hotspots, one of which is responsible for a Serine/Leucine variation in the viral ORF8-encoded protein. Finally, we perform a full proteomic comparison with other coronaviridae, identifying key aminoacidic differences to be considered for antiviral strategies deriving from previous anti-coronavirus approaches."}, {"pmid": 32099120, "title": "Coronavirus: limit short-term economic damage.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Duan, Hongbo", "Wang, Shouyang", "Yang, Cuihong"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32099120", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518089, "title": "Covid-19: Doctors launch judicial review over PPE failures.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518089", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476001, "title": "The Greek Response to COVID-19: A True Success Story from an IBD Perspective.", "journal": "Inflamm Bowel Dis", "authors": ["Bamias, Giorgos", "Lagou, Styliani", "Gizis, Michalis", "Karampekos, George", "Kyriakoulis, Konstantinos G", "Pontas, Christos", "Mantzaris, Gerassimos J"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476001", "countries": ["China", "Greece"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After the first case of infection with the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, in China, an outbreak rapidly spread, finally evolving into a global pandemic. The new disease was named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and by May 10, 2020, it has affected more than 4 million people worldwide and caused more than 270,000 deaths. We describe the Greek experience regarding the response to COVID-19, with particular focus on 2 COVID-19 reference hospitals in the metropolitan area of Athens, the capital of Greece. The first case of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Greece was reported on February 26, 2020, and prompted a decisive response from the Greek government. The primary focus was containment of virus spread, considering shortage of ICU beds. A general lockdown was implemented early on, and the national Health Care System underwent massive re-structuring. Our 2 gastrointestinal (GI) centers, which provide care for more than 1500 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, are located in hospitals that were transformed to COVID-19 reference centers. To maintain sufficient care for our patients, while also contributing to the fight against COVID-19, we undertook specific measures. These included provision of telemedicine services, electronic prescriptions and home delivery of medications, isolation of infusion units and IBD clinics in COVID-free zones of the hospitals, in addition to limiting endoscopies to emergencies only. Such practices allowed us to avoid interruption of appropriate therapies for IBD patients. In fact, within the SECURE-IBD database, there have been only 4 Greek IBD patients, to date, who have been reported as positive for SARS-CoV-2. Timely application of preventive measures and strict compliance to guidelines limited the spread of COVID-19 in Greece and minimally impacted our IBD community, without interfering with therapeutic management."}, {"pmid": 32315948, "pmcid": "PMC7153521", "title": "Case report of chloroquine therapy and hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes: What should we have in mind during the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Baretic, Maja"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315948", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A type 1 diabetes patient experienced remission associated with chloroquine therapy while travelling to a malaria-endemic area. Chloroquine has immunomodulatory and hypoglycaemic effects and may become more frequently used due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients with type 1 diabetes treated with chloroquine should be monitored for hypoglycaemia, even after recovery."}, {"pmid": 32427216, "pmcid": "PMC7232600", "title": "[Inpatient psychosomatics in times of the coronavirus].", "journal": "Psychotherapeut (Berl)", "authors": ["Loew, Thomas H", "Krinninger, Maximilian", "Kettler, Christian"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427216", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents psychosomatic clinics with new challenges. In order that psychotherapists in private practice can also obtain a picture for their patients, this article deals with the core aspects of hygiene. There are three fundamental patterns of care and provisions by the institutions that can be differentiated: rededication, stepwise evacuation and stand-by for rededication and continuation of the service under medical epidemic conditions. The following topics are the relevant contents: need for consultation in the matter of anxiety for coronavirus and interpersonal mental and psychosomatic problems due to the necessary social distancing, care especially in precarious living situations, altered communication structures (telephone, video consultation) and care of those occupied with the topic of \"coronavirus disease 2019\" (COVID-19). All patients undergo a clinical and virologic diagnostic process before admittance and receive psychosomatic psychotherapeutic inpatient care, possibly beginning under quarantine conditions. Furthermore, appropriate general hygiene regulations are explained. Finally, what the patients are told is illustrated using a simple schematic aid: distance (minimum 2\u00a0m), rubbing (wash hands with soap often and for at least 20\u00a0s), avoidance (pass by in a friendly manner), alternative communication, forsaking (shopping is not always necessary), wiping (regularly wipeing of all surfaces by the cleaning personnel as well as tablet and mobile telephone by the patients themselves) and outside activity as much as possible, alone or sitting together (with safety distance). The psychosomatic services were appropriately converted."}, {"pmid": 32445276, "title": "Prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis complicated by COVID-19 and hemorrhage.", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Hussain, Azhar", "Roberts, Neil", "Oo, Aung"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445276", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus, now termed SARS-CoV-2, has caused a significant global impact in the space of 4 months. Almost all elective cardiac surgical operations have been postponed with only urgent and emergency operations being considered in order to maximise resource utilisation. We present a case of a 69-year old lady with an infected prosthetic aortic valve for consideration of urgent inpatient surgery. Despite being asymptomatic and testing negative initially for COVID-19 RT-PCR swab, further investigations with CT revealed suspicious findings. She subsequently tested positive on a repeat swab and unfortunately deteriorated rapidly with complications including gastro-intestinal and intracerebral haemorrhage."}, {"pmid": 32335053, "pmcid": "PMC7177142", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnant women: a report based on 116 cases.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Yan, Jie", "Guo, Juanjuan", "Fan, Cuifang", "Juan, Juan", "Yu, Xuechen", "Li, Jiafu", "Feng, Ling", "Li, Chunyan", "Chen, Huijun", "Qiao, Yuan", "Lei, Di", "Wang, Chen", "Xiong, Guoping", "Xiao, Fengyi", "He, Wencong", "Pang, Qiumei", "Hu, Xiaoling", "Wang, Suqing", "Chen, Dunjin", "Zhang, Yuanzhen", "Poon, Liona C", "Yang, Huixia"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335053", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is a global public health emergency. Data on the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy are limited to small case series. To evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes in pregnancy and the vertical transmission potential of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Clinical records were retrospectively reviewed for 116 pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia from 25 hospitals in China between January 20, 2020, and March 24, 2020. Evidence of vertical transmission was assessed by testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in amniotic fluid, cord blood, and neonatal pharyngeal swab samples. The median gestational age on admission was 38+0 (interquartile range, 36+0-39+1) weeks. The most common symptoms were fever (50.9%, 59/116) and cough (28.4%, 33/116); 23.3% (27/116) patients presented without symptoms. Abnormal radiologic findings were found in 96.3% (104/108) of cases. Of the 116 cases, there were 8 cases (6.9%) of severe pneumonia but no maternal deaths. One of 8 patients who presented in the first trimester and early second trimester had a missed spontaneous abortion. Of 99 patients, 21 (21.2%) who delivered had preterm birth, including 6 with preterm premature rupture of membranes. The rate of spontaneous preterm birth before 37 weeks' gestation was 6.1% (6/99). One case of severe neonatal asphyxia resulted in neonatal death. Furthermore, 86 of the 100 neonates tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 had negative results; of these, paired amniotic fluid and cord blood samples from 10 neonates used to test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 had negative results. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection during pregnancy is not associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion and spontaneous preterm birth. There is no evidence of vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection when the infection manifests during the third trimester of pregnancy."}, {"pmid": 32280447, "pmcid": "PMC7135849", "title": "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the provision of surgical care.", "journal": "J Surg Case Rep", "authors": ["Hussain, Khalid", "Dewan, Varun", "Ali, Tariq", "Al Shakarchi, Julien"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32280447", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366173, "title": "Clinical Recommendations for Epistaxis Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["D'Aguanno, Vittorio", "Ralli, Massimo", "Greco, Antonio", "de Vincentiis, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366173", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Epistaxis is a common complaint in the general population, and its treatment is a common procedure in emergency departments. In the COVID-19 era, procedures involving airway management are a particular risk for health care workers due to the high virulence of the virus, the transmission through aerosol, and the risk of contagion from asymptomatic patients. In this article, we propose a simple memorandum of clinical recommendations to minimize the risk of operator infection deriving from epistaxis management. The correct use of personal protective equipment and strict compliance with the behavioral guidelines are essential to reduce the potential risk of infection. In particular, the use of filtering masks is strongly recommended since all patients, including those referring for epistaxis, should be treated as being COVID-19 positive in the emergency department. The safety of health care workers is essential not only to safeguard continuous patient care but also to limit virus transmission."}, {"pmid": 32433452, "title": "Is Universal Testing for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Needed on All Labor and Delivery Units?", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Metz, Torri D"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433452", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32390132, "title": "[Cerebral venous thrombosis and SARS-CoV-2 infection].", "journal": "Rev Neurol", "authors": ["Dahl-Cruz, F", "Guevara-Dalrymple, N", "Lopez-Hernandez, N"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390132", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32486011, "title": "Forecast Possible Risk for COVID-19 Epidemic Dissemination Under Current Control Strategies in Japan.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Chen, Zhongxiang", "Yang, Jun", "Dai, Binxiang"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486011", "countries": ["Japan", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has globally spread to over 4 million people and the epidemic situation in Japan is very serious. The purpose of this research was to assess the risk of COVID-19 epidemic dissemination in Japan by estimating the current state of epidemic dissemination and providing some epidemic prevention and control recommendations. Firstly, the period from 6 January to 31 March 2020 was divided into four stages and the relevant parameters were estimated according to the imported cases in Japan. The basic reproduction number of the current stage is 1.954 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.851-2.025), which means COVID-19 will spread quickly, and the self-healing rate of Japanese is about 0.495 (95% CI 0.437-0.506), with small variations in the four stages. Secondly, the results were applied to the actual reported cases from 1 to 5 April 2020, verifying the reliability of the estimated data using the accumulated reported cases located within the 95% confidence interval and the relative error of forecast data of five days being less than 2 . 5 % . Thirdly, considering the medical resources in Japan, the times the epidemic beds and ventilators become fully occupied are predicted as 5 and 15 May 2020, respectively. Keeping with the current situation, the final death toll in Japan may reach into the millions. Finally, based on experience with COVID-19 prevention and control in China, robust measures such as nationwide shutdown, store closures, citizens isolating themselves at home, and increasing PCR testing would quickly and effectively prevent COVID-19 spread."}, {"pmid": 32440692, "title": "Temporal Correlation Between Neurological and Gastrointestinal Symptoms of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Inflamm Bowel Dis", "authors": ["Bostanciklioglu, Mehmet"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440692", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SAR-CoV-2) has been shown to invade brain tissue. Based on the evolutionary similarity with SARS-CoV, researchers propose that SARS-CoV-2 can invade the olfactory bulb and gastrointestinal (GI) system through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. However, how SARS-CoV-2 causes neurological or GI symptoms is not clear. Many suggested intestinal and neural inflammations, caused by viral invasion, as the most likely reason for the GI and neurological symptoms; however, the patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) without neurological or GI symptoms indicate that this is not the case. The gut-brain axis could explain the reason for why some with COVID-19 do not have these symptoms. COVID-19 patients mostly show respiratory distress first, then diarrhea, anorexia, stroke, or loss of consciousness comes into view. Obviously, GI invasion is a mechanical process that begins with oral invasion and, therefore, most probably exists before the brain invasion, as indicated in case reports. However, when the GI tract is invaded, the virus may enter the central nervous system through vascular and lymphatic systems or the vagal nerve. SARS-CoV-2 can infect leukocytes and migrate with them into the brain, or the viral particles can be directly transported across the blood-brain barrier to the brain. Also, more recent research has revealed that SARS-CoV-2 can invade the peripheral lymphatic vessels connecting with the glymphatic system of the brain. The temporal correlation between neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms suggests the lymph vessels around the GI tract, the vascular system, or the gut-brain axis (enteric nervous system) as the most likely entry route for SARS-CoV-2 to the brain."}, {"pmid": 32441196, "title": "Covid-19 and infection in health-care workers: An emerging problem.", "journal": "Med Leg J", "authors": ["Barranco, Rosario", "Ventura, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441196", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 coronavirus infection (called SARS-CoV-2) began in Wuhan, spread rapidly throughout the world. In many countries the exponential growth of Covid-19 cases is overwhelming health care systems with overcrowding of hospitals and overflowing Intensive Care Units. While people must stay at home to reduce the spread of this virus health-care workers do the exact opposite. In some countries doctors are working with insufficient protection and are constantly at risk of contracting Covid-19. Health-care workers should be constantly monitored because if they are infected they may spread the virus to colleagues, hospitalized patients and even family members. Increased rates of infection in health-care workers could cause the health-care system to collapse and a further worsening of the pandemic; if there are too few doctors it will be even more difficult to manage."}, {"pmid": 32368483, "pmcid": "PMC7196542", "title": "A case of improved oxygenation in SARS-CoV-2 positive patient on nasal cannula undergoing prone positioning.", "journal": "Respir Med Case Rep", "authors": ["Elkattawy, Sherif", "Noori, Muhammad"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368483", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. It has placed societal and financial burden on the globe. Its rapid progressions from mild URI symptoms to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in a matter of days is the underlying reason as to why the world is struggling to keep up with ventilator production. In this case report, we went about proning a corona virus positive patient for 6-8hrs as a potential early intervention to prevent progression to ARDS. Our patient was initially in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and placed on nasal cannula. He was started on hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin with no improvement of symptoms. However within the span of few hours of proning he experienced significant symptomatic relief with improvement of oxygenation. His oxygen saturation improved drastically and eventually was taken off of nasal cannula and discharged within span of one day of proning."}, {"pmid": 32474851, "pmcid": "PMC7261210", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Fanin, Alice", "Calegari, Jessica", "Beverina, Anna", "Tiraboschi, Silvia"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474851", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461973, "pmcid": "PMC7212276", "title": "Design of a Multiepitope-Based Peptide Vaccine against the E Protein of Human COVID-19: An Immunoinformatics Approach.", "journal": "Biomed Res Int", "authors": ["Abdelmageed, Miyssa I", "Abdelmoneim, Abdelrahman H", "Mustafa, Mujahed I", "Elfadol, Nafisa M", "Murshed, Naseem S", "Shantier, Shaza W", "Makhawi, Abdelrafie M"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461973", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new endemic disease has spread across Wuhan City, China, in December 2019. Within few weeks, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced a novel coronavirus designated as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In late January 2020, WHO declared the outbreak of a \"public-health emergency of international concern\" due to the rapid and increasing spread of the disease worldwide. Currently, there is no vaccine or approved treatment for this emerging infection; thus, the objective of this study is to design a multiepitope peptide vaccine against COVID-19 using an immunoinformatics approach. Several techniques facilitating the combination of the immunoinformatics approach and comparative genomic approach were used in order to determine the potential peptides for designing the T-cell epitope-based peptide vaccine using the envelope protein of 2019-nCoV as a target. Extensive mutations, insertion, and deletion were discovered with comparative sequencing in the COVID-19 strain. Additionally, ten peptides binding to MHC class I and MHC class II were found to be promising candidates for vaccine design with adequate world population coverage of 88.5% and 99.99%, respectively. The T-cell epitope-based peptide vaccine was designed for COVID-19 using the envelope protein as an immunogenic target. Nevertheless, the proposed vaccine rapidly needs to be validated clinically in order to ensure its safety and immunogenic profile to help stop this epidemic before it leads to devastating global outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32440019, "title": "Science superpowers after COVID-19 lockdowns lift: a letter of hope from China to the United States.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Zhou, Xiao-Nong"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440019", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["NONE", "General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301761, "pmcid": "PMC7172493", "title": "Digestive Symptoms in COVID-19 Patients With Mild Disease Severity: Clinical Presentation, Stool Viral RNA Testing, and Outcomes.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Han, Chaoqun", "Duan, Caihan", "Zhang, Shengyan", "Spiegel, Brennan", "Shi, Huiying", "Wang, Weijun", "Zhang, Lei", "Lin, Rong", "Liu, Jun", "Ding, Zhen", "Hou, Xiaohua"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301761", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) most commonly presents with respiratory symptoms, including cough, shortness of breath, and sore throat. However, digestive symptoms also occur in patients with COVID-19 and are often described in outpatients with less severe disease. In this study, we sought to describe the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with digestive symptoms and mild disease severity. We identified COVID-19 patients with mild disease and one or more digestive symptoms (diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting), with or without respiratory symptoms, and compared them with a group presenting solely with respiratory symptoms. We followed up patients clinically until they tested negative for COVID-19 on at least 2 sequential respiratory tract specimens collected \u226524 hours apart. We then compared the clinical features between those with digestive symptoms and those with respiratory symptoms. There were 206 patients with low severity COVID-19, including 48 presenting with a digestive symptom alone, 69 with both digestive and respiratory symptoms, and 89 with respiratory symptoms alone. Between the 2 groups with digestive symptoms, 67 presented with diarrhea, of whom 19.4% experienced diarrhea as the first symptom in their illness course. The diarrhea lasted from 1 to 14 days, with an average duration of 5.4 \u00b1 3.1 days and a frequency of 4.3 \u00b1 2.2 bowel movements per day. Concurrent fever was found in 62.4% of patients with a digestive symptom. Patients with digestive symptoms presented for care later than those with respiratory symptoms (16.0 \u00b1 7.7 vs 11.6 \u00b1 5.1 days, P < 0.001). Nevertheless, patients with digestive symptoms had a longer duration between symptom onset and viral clearance (P < 0.001) and were more likely to be fecal virus positive (73.3% vs 14.3%, P = 0.033) than those with respiratory symptoms. We describe a unique subgroup of COVID-19 patients with mild disease severity marked by the presence of digestive symptoms. These patients are more likely to test positive for viral RNA in stool, to have a longer delay before viral clearance, and to experience delayed diagnosis compared with patients with only respiratory symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32468616, "title": "Child protection in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Paediatr Child Health", "authors": ["S S Teo, Stephen", "Griffiths, Glenys"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468616", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the number of cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 rises exponentially in Australia with consequences for the health system and society at large, we need to remember that during this pandemic that necessary social distancing measures, effective school closures and rising unemployment levels may lead to an increased risk for child abuse and neglect."}, {"pmid": 32200663, "title": "COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Disease.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Clerkin, Kevin J", "Fried, Justin A", "Raikhelkar, Jayant", "Sayer, Gabriel", "Griffin, Jan M", "Masoumi, Amirali", "Jain, Sneha S", "Burkhoff, Daniel", "Kumaraiah, Deepa", "Rabbani, LeRoy", "Schwartz, Allan", "Uriel, Nir"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32200663", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic affecting 185 countries and >3\u2009000\u2009000 patients worldwide as of April 28, 2020. COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which invades cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor. Among patients with COVID-19, there is a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease, and >7% of patients experience myocardial injury from the infection (22% of critically ill patients). Although angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 serves as the portal for infection, the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers requires further investigation. COVID-19 poses a challenge for heart transplantation, affecting donor selection, immunosuppression, and posttransplant management. There are a number of promising therapies under active investigation to treat and prevent COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32490559, "title": "Supporting individuals with intellectual and developmental disability during the first 100 days of the COVID-19 outbreak in the USA.", "journal": "J Intellect Disabil Res", "authors": ["Mills, W R", "Sender, S", "Lichtefeld, J", "Romano, N", "Reynolds, K", "Price, M", "Phipps, J", "White, L", "Howard, S", "Poltavski, D", "Barnes, R"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490559", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It is unknown how the novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the cause of the current acute respiratory illness COVID-19 pandemic that has infected millions of people, affects people with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD). The aim of this study is to describe how individuals with IDD have been affected in the first 100\u00a0days of the COVID-19 pandemic. Shortly after the first COVID-19 case was reported in the USA, our organisation, which provides continuous support for over 11\u00a0000 individuals with IDD, assembled an outbreak committee composed of senior leaders from across the health care organisation. The committee led the development and deployment of a comprehensive COVID-19 prevention and suppression strategy, utilising current evidence-based practice, while surveilling the global and local situation daily. We implemented enhanced infection control procedures across 2400 homes, which were communicated to our employees using multi-faceted channels including an electronic resource library, mobile and web applications, paper postings in locations, live webinars and direct mail. Using custom-built software applications enabling us to track patient, client and employee cases and exposures, we leveraged current public health recommendations to identify cases and to suppress transmission, which included the use of personal protective equipment. A COVID-19 case was defined as a positive nucleic acid test for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. In the 100-day period between 20 January 2020 and 30 April 2020, we provided continuous support for 11\u00a0540 individuals with IDD. Sixty-four per cent of the individuals were in residential, community settings, and 36% were in intermediate care facilities. The average age of the cohort was 46\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012\u00a0years, and 60% were male. One hundred twenty-two individuals with IDD were placed in quarantine for exhibiting symptoms and signs of acute infection such as fever or cough. Sixty-six individuals tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and their average age was 50. The positive individuals were located in 30 different homes (1.3% of total) across 14 states. Fifteen homes have had single cases, and 15 have had more than one case. Fifteen COVID-19-positive individuals were hospitalised. As of 30 April, seven of the individuals hospitalised have been discharged back to home and are recovering. Five remain hospitalised, with three improving and two remaining in intensive care and on mechanical ventilation. There have been three deaths. We found that among COVID-19-positive individuals with IDD, a higher number of chronic medical conditions and male sex were characteristics associated with a greater likelihood of hospitalisation. In the first 100\u00a0days of the COVID-19 outbreak in the USA, we observed that people with IDD living in congregate care settings can benefit from a coordinated approach to infection control, case identification and cohorting, as evidenced by the low relative case rate reported. Male individuals with higher numbers of chronic medical conditions were more likely to be hospitalised, while most younger, less chronically ill individuals recovered spontaneously at home."}, {"pmid": 32378770, "pmcid": "PMC7267143", "title": "Drug-induced vasculitis in a patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Vanegas Ramirez, A", "Efe, D", "Fischer, M"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378770", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301964, "pmcid": "PMC7184465", "title": "The characteristics of household transmission of COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Li, Wei", "Zhang, Bo", "Lu, Jianhua", "Liu, Shihua", "Chang, Zhiqiang", "Cao, Peng", "Liu, Xinhua", "Zhang, Peng", "Ling, Yan", "Tao, Kaixiong", "Chen, Jianying"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301964", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 virus has extended to most parts of China with more than 80 thousand cases and to at least 100 countries with more than 60 thousand international cases by March 15, 2020. Here we applied household cohort study to determine the features of household transmission of COVID-19. Total 105 index patients and 392 household contacts were enrolled. Both index patients and household members were inspected by SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR. The information of all recruited people was extracted from medical records and confirmed or supplemented by telephone interviews. The baseline characteristics of index cases and contact patients were described. Secondary attack rates of SARS-CoV-2 to the contact members were computed and the risk factors for transmission within household were estimated. Secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 developed in 64 of 392 household contacts (16.3%). The secondary attack rate to children was 4% comparing with 17.1% to adults. The secondary attack rate to the contacts within the households with index patients quarantined by themselves since onset of symptoms was 0% comparing with 16.9% to the contacts without index patients quarantined. The secondary attack rate to contacts who were spouses of index cases was 27.8% comparing with 17.3% to other adult members in the households. The secondary attack rate of SARS-CoV-2 in household is 16.3%. Ages of household contacts and spouse relationship with index case are risk factors for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within household. Quarantine of index patients at home since onset of symptom is useful to prevent the transmission of SARS-Co-2 within household."}, {"pmid": 32335410, "pmcid": "PMC7175860", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak: Migration, effects on society, global environment and prevention.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Chakraborty, Indranil", "Maity, Prasenjit"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335410", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is considered as the most crucial global health calamity of the century and the greatest challenge that the humankind faced since the 2nd World War. In December 2019, a new infectious respiratory disease emerged in Wuhan, Hubei province, China and was named by the World Health Organization as COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). A new class of corona virus, known as SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) has been found to be responsible for occurrence of this disease. As far as the history of human civilization is concerned there are instances of severe outbreaks of diseases caused by a number of viruses. According to the report of the World Health Organization (WHO as of April 18 2020), the current outbreak of COVID-19, has affected over 2164111 people and killed more than 146,198 people in more than 200 countries throughout the world. Till now there is no report of any clinically approved antiviral drugs or vaccines that are effective against COVID-19. It has rapidly spread around the world, posing enormous health, economic, environmental and social challenges to the entire human population. The coronavirus outbreak is severely disrupting the global economy. Almost all the nations are struggling to slow down the transmission of the disease by testing & treating patients, quarantining suspected persons through contact tracing, restricting large gatherings, maintaining complete or partial lock down etc. This paper describes the impact of COVID-19 on society and global environment, and the possible ways in which the disease can be controlled has also been discussed therein."}, {"pmid": 32345852, "pmcid": "PMC7202110", "title": "COVID-19 and One Lung Ventilation.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Tryphonopoulos, Peter", "McFaul, Colleen", "Gagne, Sylvain", "Moffett, Stephane", "Byford, Larry", "Thompson, Calvin"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345852", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32154288, "pmcid": "PMC7036635", "title": "Which lessons shall we learn from the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak?", "journal": "Ann Transl Med", "authors": ["Mattiuzzi, Camilla", "Lippi, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32154288", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438947, "title": "Tracking applications: a factor of mithridatism of personal data and privacy at the post-COVID-19 era?", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Apostolos, A", "Apostolos, K"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438947", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387174, "pmcid": "PMC7164863", "title": "COVID-19 and the Correctional Environment: The American Prison as a Focal Point for Public Health.", "journal": "Am J Prev Med", "authors": ["Montoya-Barthelemy, Andre G", "Lee, Charles D", "Cundiff, Dave R", "Smith, Eric B"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387174", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439784, "title": "COVID-19 recovery can benefit biodiversity.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Pearson, Ryan M", "Sievers, Michael", "McClure, Eva C", "Turschwell, Mischa P", "Connolly, Rod M"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439784", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379070, "title": "Availability of COVID-19 information from national plastic surgery society websites.", "journal": "Ann Plast Surg", "authors": ["Al-Benna, Sammy", "Gohritz, Andreas"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379070", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "National plastic surgery society websites are an important source of information for patients, family members and healthcare professionals. There are currently no standardized recommendations for the information provided on websites. The aim of this study was to assess the information available on each national plastic surgery society websites on the current pandemic of COVID-19. A Google search was performed of United Nations member sovereign states to determine whether they had a national plastic surgery society website and to assess its contents. The presence of COVID-19 information was recorded. Access to contact information, Facebook page, Twitter and Instagram handles were noted. 35% of sovereign states had plastic surgery society websites. 22% of national society websites had a specific COVID-19 section. 14/15 (93%) of these websites had COVID-19-specific guidelines available for health care professionals. COVID-19 information provided by national plastic surgery society websites is sparse. Two-thirds of national plastic surgery societies do not have a web presence. The availability of COVID-19 clinical guidelines and patient information sheets on national plastic surgery society websites is limited. This study suggests that improvement and increase in COVID-19 information provided by many national plastic surgery society websites is needed."}, {"pmid": 32277591, "pmcid": "PMC7262021", "title": "Fatal outcome in a liver transplant recipient with COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Huang, Jiao-Feng", "Zheng, Kenneth I", "George, Jacob", "Gao, Hai-Nv", "Wei, Ru-Nan", "Yan, Hua-Dong", "Zheng, Ming-Hua"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277591", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Liver injury is common in patients with COVID-19, but little is known about its clinical presentation and severity in the context of liver transplant. We describe a case of COVID-19 in a patient who underwent transplant 3\u00a0years ago for hepatocellular carcinoma. The patient came to clinic with symptoms of respiratory disease; pharyngeal swabs for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 were positive. His disease progressed rapidly from mild to critical illness and was complicated by several nosocomial infections and multiorgan failure. Despite multiple invasive procedures and rescue therapies, he died from the disease. The management of COVID-19 in the posttransplant setting presents complex challenges, emphasizing the importance of strict prevention strategies."}, {"pmid": 32214079, "title": "Severe Outcomes Among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) - United States, February 12-March 16, 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32214079", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Globally, approximately 170,000 confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) have been reported, including an estimated 7,000 deaths in approximately 150 countries (1). On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic (2). Data from China have indicated that older adults, particularly those with serious underlying health conditions, are at higher risk for severe COVID-19-associated illness and death than are younger persons (3). Although the majority of reported COVID-19 cases in China were mild (81%), approximately 80% of deaths occurred among adults aged \u226560 years; only one (0.1%) death occurred in a person aged \u226419 years (3). In this report, COVID-19 cases in the United States that occurred during February 12-March 16, 2020 and severity of disease (hospitalization, admission to intensive care unit [ICU], and death) were analyzed by age group. As of March 16, a total of 4,226 COVID-19 cases in the United States had been reported to CDC, with multiple cases reported among older adults living in long-term care facilities (4). Overall, 31% of cases, 45% of hospitalizations, 53% of ICU admissions, and 80% of deaths associated with COVID-19 were among adults aged \u226565 years with the highest percentage of severe outcomes among persons aged \u226585 years. In contrast, no ICU admissions or deaths were reported among persons aged \u226419 years. Similar to reports from other countries, this finding suggests that the risk for serious disease and death from COVID-19 is higher in older age groups."}, {"pmid": 32195704, "pmcid": "PMC7155904", "title": "Response of Chinese Anesthesiologists to the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Zhang, Hong-Fei", "Bo, Lulong", "Lin, Yun", "Li, Feng-Xian", "Sun, Shujun", "Lin, Hong-Bin", "Xu, Shi-Yuan", "Bian, Jinjun", "Yao, Shanglong", "Chen, Xiangdong", "Meng, Lingzhong", "Deng, Xiaoming"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32195704", "countries": ["China", "Switzerland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019, named COVID-19 officially by the World Health Organization (Geneva, Switzerland) on February 12, 2020, has spread at unprecedented speed. After the first outbreak in Wuhan, China, Chinese anesthesiologists encountered increasing numbers of infected patients since December 2019. Because the main route of transmission is via respiratory droplets and close contact, anesthesia providers are at a high risk when responding to the devastating mass emergency. So far, actions have been taken including but not limited to nationwide actions and online education regarding special procedures of airway management, oxygen therapy, ventilation support, hemodynamic management, sedation, and analgesia. As the epidemic situation has lasted for months (thus far), special platforms have also been set up to provide free mental health care to all anesthesia providers participating in acute and critical caring for COVID-19 patients. The current article documents the actions taken, lesson learned, and future work needed."}, {"pmid": 32299205, "pmcid": "PMC7195977", "title": "Protective measures for COVID-19 for healthcare providers and laboratory personnel", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Agalar, Canan", "Ozturk Engin, Derya"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299205", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the COVID-19 pandemic, which affects the whole world, healthcare professionals (HCP) are at high risk of transmission due to their direct contact with patients with COVID-19. Therefore, how to ensure the triage of the patient with acute respiratory symptoms should be determined in advance, the contact distance should be arranged to be at least 2 m, COVID-19 suspect or diagnosed patient should be instructed to wear a surgical mask. During the care of these patients, HCP should wear their personal protective equipment (PPE) in accordance with the procedure and should not neglect hand hygiene. The samples of the patient with known or suspected COVID-19, patient should also be known to be risky in terms of contamination, and a risk assessment should be performed for the procedures to be performed in laboratories. The PPE should be used in accordance with the procedure to be performed. The protection of the HCP, who sacrifice at the risk of life, is possible only by complying with infection control and precautions."}, {"pmid": 32298458, "title": "Is antibody-dependent enhancement playing a role in COVID-19 pathogenesis?", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Negro, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298458", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470007, "pmcid": "PMC7259684", "title": "Social support and mental health among health care workers during Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreak: A moderated mediation model.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Hou, Tianya", "Zhang, Taiquan", "Cai, Wenpeng", "Song, Xiangrui", "Chen, Aibin", "Deng, Guanghui", "Ni, Chunyan"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470007", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) all over the world, the mental health conditions of health care workers are of great importance to ensure the efficiency of rescue operations. The current study examined the effect of social support on mental health of health care workers and its underlying mechanisms regarding the mediating role of resilience and moderating role of age during the epidemic. Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC) and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) were administrated among 1472 health care workers from Jiangsu Province, China during the peak period of COVID-19 outbreak. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the mediation effect of resilience on the relation between social support and mental health, whereas moderated mediation analysis was performed by Hayes PROCESS macro. The findings showed that resilience could partially mediate the effect of social support on mental health among health care workers. Age group moderated the indirect relationship between social support and mental health via resilience. Specifically, compared with younger health care workers, the association between resilience and mental health would be attenuated in the middle-aged workers. The results add knowledge to previous literature by uncovering the underlying mechanisms between social support and mental health. The present study has profound implications for mental health services for health care workers during the peak period of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32434092, "pmcid": "PMC7252159", "title": "Psychological Outcomes Associated with Stay-at-Home Orders and the Perceived Impact of COVID-19 on Daily Life.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Tull, Matthew T", "Edmonds, Keith A", "Scamaldo, Kayla M", "Richmond, Julia R", "Rose, Jason P", "Gratz, Kim L"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434092", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the widespread implementation of extraordinary physical distancing interventions (e.g., stay-at-home orders) to slow the spread of the virus. Although vital, these interventions may be socially and economically disruptive, contributing to adverse psychological outcomes. This study examined relations of both stay-at-home orders and the perceived impact of COVID-19 on daily life to psychological outcomes (depression, health anxiety, financial worry, social support, and loneliness) in a nationwide U.S. community adult sample (N\u00a0=\u00a0500; 47% women, mean age\u00a0=\u00a040). Participants completed questionnaires assessing psychological outcomes, stay-at-home order status, and COVID-19's impact on their daily life. Being under a stay-at-home order was associated with greater health anxiety, financial worry, and loneliness. Moreover, the perceived impact of COVID-19 on daily life was positively associated with health anxiety, financial worry, and social support, but negatively associated with loneliness. Findings highlight the importance of social connection to mitigate negative psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32422223, "pmcid": "PMC7229470", "title": "Head and neck surgery is a high-risk procedure for COVID-19 transmission and there is a need for a preventive strategy to protect professionals.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Garcia-Doval, Ignacio"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422223", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330308, "pmcid": "PMC7264579", "title": "COVID19 coagulopathy in Caucasian patients.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Fogarty, Helen", "Townsend, Liam", "Ni Cheallaigh, Cliona", "Bergin, Colm", "Martin-Loeches, Ignacio", "Browne, Paul", "Bacon, Christopher L", "Gaule, Richard", "Gillett, Alexander", "Byrne, Mary", "Ryan, Kevin", "O'Connell, Niamh", "O'Sullivan, Jamie M", "Conlon, Niall", "O'Donnell, James S"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330308", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although the pathophysiology underlying severe COVID19 remains poorly understood, accumulating data suggest that a lung-centric coagulopathy may play an important role. Elevated D-dimer levels which correlated inversely with overall survival were recently reported in Chinese cohort studies. Critically however, ethnicity has major effects on thrombotic risk, with a 3-4-fold lower risk in Chinese compared to Caucasians and a significantly higher risk in African-Americans. In this study, we investigated COVID19 coagulopathy in Caucasian patients. Our findings confirm that severe COVID19 infection is associated with a significant coagulopathy that correlates with disease severity. Importantly however, Caucasian COVID19 patients on low molecular weight heparin thromboprophylaxis rarely develop overt disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). In rare COVID19 cases where DIC does develop, it tends to be restricted to late-stage disease. Collectively, these data suggest that the diffuse bilateral pulmonary inflammation observed in COVID19 is associated with a novel pulmonary-specific vasculopathy termed pulmonary intravascular coagulopathy (PIC) as distinct to DIC. Given that thrombotic risk is significantly impacted by race, coupled with the accumulating evidence that coagulopathy is important in COVID19 pathogenesis, our findings raise the intriguing possibility that pulmonary vasculopathy may contribute to the unexplained differences that are beginning to emerge highlighting racial susceptibility to COVID19 mortality."}, {"pmid": 32302816, "pmcid": "PMC7151383", "title": "Psychological symptoms of ordinary Chinese citizens based on SCL-90 during the level I emergency response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Tian, Fangyuan", "Li, Hongxia", "Tian, Shuicheng", "Yang, Jie", "Shao, Jiang", "Tian, Chenning"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302816", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared that the Corona Virus (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the psychological symptoms of ordinary Chinese citizens during the Level I Emergency Response throughout China. From January 31 to February 2 2020, an online questionnaire, Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) was designed, and differences in GSI T-scores among subgroups were examined by ANOVA. Based on a cut-off point of the GSI T-scores of 63, the overall sample was divided into high and low-risk groups. of the 1,060 participants investigated in China, more than 70% of them have moderate and higher level of psychological symptoms specifically elevated scores for obsessive compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, phobic anxiety, and psychoticism. There were no significant differences between males and females. Those who were of over 50 years old, had an undergraduate education and below, were divorced or widowed, and agricultural workers had significantly more symptoms. However, significantly more minors and medical staff were in the high-risk group. These results show that COVID-19 has a significant adverse socio-psychological influence on ordinary citizens. Therefore, governments should equip psychological health departments and pay attention to the people who are in high-risk groups, providing psychological interventions and assistance."}, {"pmid": 32463478, "title": "Treating the SARS-CoV-2-positive patient with cancer: A proposal for a pragmatic and transparent ethical process.", "journal": "Cancer", "authors": ["Perni, Subha", "Milligan, Michael G", "Saraf, Anurag", "Vivenzio, Todd", "Marques, Amy", "Baker, Meghan A", "Kosak, Tara", "Bartlett, Sarah", "Physic, Michelle A", "Batchelder, Monica R", "McBride, Sean", "Bredfeldt, Jeremy", "Cail, Daniel W", "Kearney, Meghan C", "Whitehouse, Colleen", "Orio, Peter", "Walsh, Gerard", "Haas-Kogan, Daphne A", "Martin, Neil E"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463478", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The treatment of patients with cancer who test positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses unique challenges. In this commentary, the authors describe the ethical rationale and implementation details for the creation of a novel, multidisciplinary treatment prioritization committee, including physicians, frontline staff, an ethicist, and an infectious disease expert. Organizational obligations to health care workers also are discussed. The treatment prioritization committee sets a threshold of acceptable harm to patients from decreased cancer control that is justified to reduce risk to staff. The creation of an ethical, consistent, and transparent decision-making process involving such frontline stakeholders is essential as departments across the country are faced with decisions regarding the treatment of SARS-CoV-2-positive patients with cancer."}, {"pmid": 32313383, "pmcid": "PMC7164912", "title": "A Brave New World: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic for Transitioning to Sustainable Supply and Production.", "journal": "Resour Conserv Recycl", "authors": ["Sarkis, Joseph", "Cohen, Maurie J", "Dewick, Paul", "Schroder, Patrick"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313383", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32232986, "pmcid": "PMC7228401", "title": "Potential utilities of mask-wearing and instant hand hygiene for fighting SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Ma, Qing-Xia", "Shan, Hu", "Zhang, Hong-Liang", "Li, Gui-Mei", "Yang, Rui-Mei", "Chen, Ji-Ming"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232986", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The surge of patients in the pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 may overwhelm the medical systems of many countries. Mask-wearing and handwashing can slow the spread of the virus, but currently, masks are in shortage in many countries, and timely handwashing is often impossible. In this study, the efficacy of three types of masks and instant hand wiping was evaluated using the avian influenza virus to mock the coronavirus. Virus quantification was performed using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Previous studies on mask-wearing were reviewed. The results showed that instant hand wiping using a wet towel soaked in water containing 1.00% soap powder, 0.05% active chlorine, or 0.25% active chlorine from sodium hypochlorite removed 98.36%, 96.62%, and 99.98% of the virus from hands, respectively. N95 masks, medical masks, and homemade masks made of four-layer kitchen paper and one-layer cloth could block 99.98%, 97.14%, and 95.15% of the virus in aerosols. Medical mask-wearing which was supported by many studies was opposed by other studies possibly due to erroneous judgment. With these data, we propose the approach of mask-wearing plus instant hand hygiene (MIH) to slow the exponential spread of the virus. This MIH approach has been supported by the experiences of seven countries in fighting against COVID-19. Collectively, a simple approach to slow the exponential spread of SARS-CoV-2 was proposed with the support of experiments, literature review, and control experiences."}, {"pmid": 32112884, "pmcid": "PMC7102539", "title": "Clinical characteristics and imaging manifestations of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19):A multi-center study in Wenzhou city, Zhejiang, China.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Yang, Wenjie", "Cao, Qiqi", "Qin, Le", "Wang, Xiaoyang", "Cheng, Zenghui", "Pan, Ashan", "Dai, Jianyi", "Sun, Qingfeng", "Zhao, Fengquan", "Qu, Jieming", "Yan, Fuhua"], "date": "2020-03-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32112884", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Little is known about COVID-19 outside Hubei. The aim of this paper was to describe the clinical characteristics and imaging manifestations of hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection in Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China. In this retrospective cohort study, 149 RT-PCR confirmed positive patients were consecutively enrolled from January 17th to February 10th, 2020 in three tertiary hospitals of Wenzhou. Outcomes were followed up until Feb 15th, 2020. A total of 85 patients had Hubei travel/residence history, while another 49 had contact with people from Hubei and 15 had no traceable exposure history to Hubei. Fever, cough and expectoration were the most common symptoms, 14 patients had decreased oxygen saturation, 33 had leukopenia, 53 had lymphopenia, and 82 had elevated C-reactive protein. On chest computed tomography (CT), lung segments 6 and 10 were mostly involved. A total of 287 segments presented ground glass opacity, 637 presented mixed opacity and 170 presented consolidation. Lesions were more localized in the peripheral lung with a patchy form. No significant difference was found between patients with or without Hubei exposure history. Seventeen patients had normal CT on admission of these, 12 had negative findings even10 days later. Most patients presented with a mild infection in our study. The imaging pattern of multifocal peripheral ground glass or mixed opacity with predominance in the lower lung is highly suspicious of COVID-19 in the first week of disease onset. Nevetheless, some patients can present with a normal chest finding despite testing positive for COVID-19. We did not receive any fundings."}, {"pmid": 32242936, "pmcid": "PMC7228339", "title": "SARS-CoV-2, the medical profession, ventilator beds, and mortality predictions: personal reflections of an Australian clinician.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Talley, Nicholas J"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242936", "countries": ["Australia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425653, "pmcid": "PMC7218555", "title": "What does the COVID-19 pandemic mean for HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria control?", "journal": "Trop Med Health", "authors": ["Amimo, Floriano", "Lambert, Ben", "Magit, Anthony"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425653", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite its current relatively low global share of cases and deaths in Africa compared to other regions, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has the potential to trigger other larger crises in the region. This is due to the vulnerability of health and economic systems, coupled with the high burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis (TB), and malaria. Here we examine the potential implications of COVID-19 on the control of these major epidemic diseases in Africa. We use current evidence on disease burden of HIV, TB, and malaria, and epidemic dynamics of COVID-19 in Africa, retrieved from the literature. Our analysis shows that the current measures to control COVID-19 neglect important and complex context-specific epidemiological, social, and economic realities in Africa. There is a similarity of clinical features of TB and malaria, with those used to track COVID-19 cases. This coupled with institutional mistrust and misinformation might result in many patients with clinical features similar to those of COVID-19 being hesitant to voluntarily seek care in a formal health facility. Furthermore, most people in productive age in Africa work in the informal sector, and most of those in the formal sector are underemployed. With the current measures to control COVID-19, these populations might face unprecedented difficulties to access essential services, mainly due to reduced ability of patients to support direct and indirect medical costs, and unavailability of transportation means to reach health facilities. Therefore, if not accompanied with appropriate economic and epidemiological considerations, we anticipate that these measures might result in unprecedented difficulties among vulnerable segments of society to access essential services, including antiretroviral and prophylactic drugs among people living with HIV and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, anti-tuberculosis drugs, and curative and preventive treatments for malaria among pregnant women and children. This might increase the propensity of patients taking substandard doses and/or medicines, which has the potential to compromise drug efficacy, and worsen health inequalities in the region. COVID-19 responses at country level should include measures to protect vulnerable and under-served segments of society."}, {"pmid": 32381515, "title": "Challenges in chronic paediatric disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease in children.", "journal": "Arch Dis Child", "authors": ["Ashton, James J", "Batra, Akshay", "Coelho, Tracy A F", "Afzal, Nadeem A", "Beattie, R Mark"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381515", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271490, "pmcid": "PMC7262311", "title": "A primer on viral-associated olfactory loss in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Soler, Zachary M", "Patel, Zara M", "Turner, Justin H", "Holbrook, Eric H"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271490", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Early reports have suggested that smell loss may be an early symptom associated with the pandemic known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The possibility that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) might cause olfactory dysfunction is certainly plausible. Patients presenting to specialized smell clinics are commonly diagnosed with upper respiratory infection (URI)-associated olfactory loss and most are presumed to be viral related. In acute phases of infection, it is common to experience some smell loss as a result of nasal inflammation, mucosal edema, and obstruction of airflow into the olfactory cleft. In most cases, these episodes of smell loss are self-limiting and coincide with resolution of URI symptoms. However, in some cases the smell loss persists for months to years and this is presumed to occur through a more direct olfactory insult by the virus. It remains too early to know whether infection with SARS-CoV-2 causes persistent olfactory dysfunction. However, given the scale of this pandemic, if SARS-CoV-2 does cause chronic olfactory loss in even a small portion of those infected, then the overall population prevalence could be quite large. This review provides a brief, practical overview of viral-associated olfactory loss, realizing that evidence related to COVID-19 will likely not be clear for some time. Our goal is to highlight the existence and importance of this condition and provide information geared for both providers and patients. Practical suggestions regarding evaluation and treatment will be provided, realizing that there may be constraints on medical resources and the nature of this pandemic remains dynamic."}, {"pmid": 32284092, "title": "Inactivation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 by WHO-Recommended Hand Rub Formulations and Alcohols.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kratzel, Annika", "Todt, Daniel", "V'kovski, Philip", "Steiner, Silvio", "Gultom, Mitra", "Thao, Tran Thi Nhu", "Ebert, Nadine", "Holwerda, Melle", "Steinmann, Jorg", "Niemeyer, Daniela", "Dijkman, Ronald", "Kampf, Gunter", "Drosten, Christian", "Steinmann, Eike", "Thiel, Volker", "Pfaender, Stephanie"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284092", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infection control instructions call for use of alcohol-based hand rub solutions to inactivate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We determined the virucidal activity of World Health Organization-recommended hand rub formulations, at full strength and multiple dilutions, and of the active ingredients. All disinfectants demonstrated efficient virus inactivation."}, {"pmid": 32364347, "pmcid": "PMC7222621", "title": "One oral and maxillofacial surgeon's attitude toward the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Lee, Won"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364347", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524430, "title": "Telephone-based postoperative surveillance protocol for hepatobiliary cancer during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Updates Surg", "authors": ["Russolillo, Nadia", "Sperti, Elisa", "Ferrero, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524430", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531536, "title": "Should aspirin be used for prophylaxis of COVID-19-induced coagulopathy?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Mohamed-Hussein, Aliae A R", "Aly, Karim M E", "Ibrahim, Mohamed-Eltaher A A"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531536", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253891, "title": "[Consideration of surgeons participating in 2019 coronavirus disease emergency medical rescue].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, S", "Li, X D", "Wang, G P", "Liang, C", "Jing, J P", "Liu, M M", "Zhang, C", "Lin, T", "Zhou, Y H", "Song, Y Z", "Tan, C", "Wang, Q", "Fan, L"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253891", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As a newly epidemic, 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with a concentrated outbreak poses a great challenge to medical treatment. The severe and critical patients are complex complicatied with the psychological problems, and the medical staff are overworked and under tremendous psychological pressure. The surgeon participated in emergency medical rescue could provide professional treatment for the patients combined with surgical diseases, as well as specialized training for the non-surgeon crew, to reduce surgical-related mortality. With the advantages of good team consciousness, strong aseptic concept and good psychological quality, the surgeons can quickly adapt to and carry out rescue work under the premise of good self-protection. Surgeons need to develop critical care management concepts and focus on the critical care support equipment. Some suggestions are put forward for the standardized training of resident surgeons to cultivate compound talents. It is hoped that this article can lead to the thinking of how to participate in the emergency medical rescue of infectious diseases among surgeons and provide some enlightenment for future surgical education."}, {"pmid": 32518443, "pmcid": "PMC7270555", "title": "There are two types of the new coronavirus What does that mean? Jessica Hamzelou explains.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Hamzelou, Jessica"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518443", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482538, "pmcid": "PMC7183956", "title": "Proposal for the use of anakinra in acute respiratory distress secondary to COVID-19.", "journal": "Reumatol Clin", "authors": ["Munoz-Jimenez, Alejandro", "Rubio-Romero, Esteban", "Marenco de la Fuente, Jose Luis"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482538", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outcome of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection fundamentally affects the lung field, causing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This process is an inflammatory picture, involving an NLRP3 inflamosome-triggered cytokine storm, the main player in alveolar destruction. IL-1 beta stands out among the cytokines that are triggered in this picture. Anakinra is a potent biological drug, capable of blocking this IL-1\u00df. We propose its use in controlling ARDS secondary to COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32425246, "pmcid": "PMC7232075", "title": "Psychopharmacology of COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychosomatics", "authors": ["Bilbul, Melanie", "Paparone, Patricia", "Kim, Anna M", "Mutalik, Shruti", "Ernst, Carrie L"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425246", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the rapid, global spread of SARS-CoV-2, hospitals have become inundated with patients suffering from COVID-19. Consultation-liaison psychiatrists are actively involved in managing these patients and should familiarize themselves with how the virus and its proposed treatments can affect psychotropic management. The only FDA approved drug to treat COVID-19 is remdesivir, and other off-label medications used include chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab, lopinavir/ritonavir, favipiravir, convalescent plasma therapy, azithromycin, vitamin C, corticosteroids, interferon and colchicine. To provide an overview of the major safety considerations relevant to clinicians who prescribe psychotropics to patients with COVID-19, both related to the illness and its proposed treatments. In this targeted review we performed structured literature searches in PubMed to identify articles describing the impacts of COVID-19 on different organ systems, the neuropsychiatric adverse effects of treatments, and any potential drug interactions with psychotropics. The articles most relevant to this manuscript were included. COVID-19 impacts multiple organ systems, including gastrointestinal, renal, cardiovascular, pulmonary, immunological, and hematological systems. This may lead to pharmacokinetic changes that impact psychotropic medications and increase sensitivity to psychotropic-related adverse effects. Additionally, several proposed treatments for COVID-19 have neuropsychiatric effects and potential interactions with commonly used psychotropics. Clinicians should be aware of the need to adjust existing psychotropics or avoid using certain medications in some COVID-19 patients. They should also be familiar with neuropsychiatric effects of medications being used to treat this disease. Further research is needed to identify strategies to manage psychiatric issues in this population."}, {"pmid": 32260155, "pmcid": "PMC7178303", "title": "Process-Induced Nanostructures on Anatase Single Crystals via Pulsed-Pressure MOCVD.", "journal": "Materials (Basel)", "authors": ["Gorthy, Rukmini", "Krumdieck, Susan", "Bishop, Catherine"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32260155", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent global pandemic of COVID-19 highlights the urgent need for practical applications of anti-microbial coatings on touch-surfaces. Nanostructured TiO2 is a promising candidate for the passive reduction of transmission when applied to handles, push-plates and switches in hospitals. Here we report control of the nanostructure dimension of the mille-feuille crystal plates in anatase columnar crystals as a function of the coating thickness. This nanoplate thickness is key to achieving the large aspect ratio of surface area to migration path length. TiO2 solid coatings were prepared by pulsed-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (pp-MOCVD) under the same deposition temperature and mass flux, with thickness ranging from 1.3-16 mm, by varying the number of precursor pulses. SEM and STEM were used to measure the mille-feuille plate width which is believed to be a key functional nano-dimension for photocatalytic activity. Competitive growth produces a larger columnar crystal diameter with thickness. The question is if the nano-dimension also increases with columnar crystal size. We report that the nano-dimension increases with the film thickness, ranging from 17-42 nm. The results of this study can be used to design a coating which has co-optimized thickness for durability and nano-dimension for enhanced photocatalytic properties."}, {"pmid": 32351243, "title": "COVID-19 and endoscopy services in intermediately affected countries: a position statement from the saudi gastroenterology association.", "journal": "Saudi J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Almadi, Majid A", "Aljebreen, Abdulrahman M", "Azzam, Nahla", "Alammar, Nuha", "Aljahdli, Emad S", "Alsohaibani, Fahad I", "Alkhiari, Resheed", "Almasoud, Abdulaziz O", "Al Beshir, Mohammad S", "Alshankiti, Suliman", "Alharbi, Ahmad W", "Alkhathami, Mohammed", "Batwa, Faisal"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32351243", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the global pandemic due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there has been a significant strain on healthcare facilities. The infectivity rate, as well as the rate of healthcare workers who have fallen ill to the disease, has raised concerns globally on the proper management of patients as well as the role of safe healthcare provision utilizing personal protective equipment (PPE). Furthermore, the limited supply of PPEs has mandated rationing their use to achieve maximum utility and preservation. Multiple gastroenterology associations have issued guidance and statements that would help healthcare providers in navigating these unprecedented and difficult times, and the Saudi Gastroenterology Association has provided this statement in an effort to bring the most up to date information for the management of endoscopy units in terms of resources, manpower planning, scheduling, as well as infection control policies and leadership."}, {"pmid": 32221118, "pmcid": "PMC7188059", "title": "Minimally Invasive Surgery and the Novel Coronavirus Outbreak: Lessons Learned in China and Italy.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Zheng, Min Hua", "Boni, Luigi", "Fingerhut, Abe"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221118", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521771, "title": "Pharmacokinetic Profile of Oral Administration of Mefloquine to Clinically Normal Cats: A Preliminary In-Vivo Study of a Potential Treatment for Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP).", "journal": "Animals (Basel)", "authors": ["Yu, Jane", "Kimble, Benjamin", "Norris, Jacqueline M", "Govendir, Merran"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521771", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pharmacokinetic profile of mefloquine was investigated as a preliminary study towards a potential treatment for feline coronavirus infections (such as feline infectious peritonitis) or feline calicivirus infections. Mefloquine was administered at 62.5 mg orally to seven clinically healthy cats twice weekly for four doses and mefloquine plasma concentrations over 336 h were measured using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The peak plasma concentration (Cmax) after a single oral dose of mefloquine was 2.71 ug/mL and time to reach Cmax (Tmax) was 15 h. The elimination half-life was 224 h. The plasma concentration reached a higher level at 4.06 ug/mL when mefloquine was administered with food. Adverse effects of dosing included vomiting following administration without food in some cats. Mild increases in serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), but not creatinine, concentrations were observed. Mefloquine may provide a safe effective treatment for feline coronavirus and feline calicivirus infections in cats."}, {"pmid": 32408393, "pmcid": "PMC7272883", "title": "COVID-19 Abortion Bans and Their Implications for Public Health.", "journal": "Perspect Sex Reprod Health", "authors": ["Jones, Rachel K", "Lindberg, Laura", "Witwer, Elizabeth"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408393", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292707, "pmcid": "PMC7144859", "title": "Death and contagious infectious diseases: Impact of the COVID-19 virus on stock market returns.", "journal": "J Behav Exp Finance", "authors": ["Al-Awadhi, Abdullah M", "Al-Saifi, Khaled", "Al-Awadhi, Ahmad", "Alhamadi, Salah"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292707", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study investigates whether contagious infectious diseases affect stock market outcomes. As a natural experiment, we use panel data regression analysis to measure the effect of the COVID-19 virus, which is a contagious infectious disease, on the Chinese stock market. The findings indicate that both the daily growth in total confirmed cases and in total cases of death caused by COVID-19 have significant negative effects on stock returns across all companies."}, {"pmid": 32361194, "pmcid": "PMC7252083", "title": "Molecular mimicry between SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory pacemaker neurons.", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Lucchese, Guglielmo", "Floel, Agnes"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361194", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342242, "pmcid": "PMC7185268", "title": "Outbreak dynamics of COVID-19 in China and the United States.", "journal": "Biomech Model Mechanobiol", "authors": ["Peirlinck, Mathias", "Linka, Kevin", "Sahli Costabal, Francisco", "Kuhl, Ellen"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342242", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, a global pandemic. In an unprecedented collective effort, massive amounts of data are now being collected worldwide to estimate the immediate and long-term impact of this pandemic on the health system and the global economy. However, the precise timeline of the disease, its transmissibility, and the effect of mitigation strategies remain incompletely understood. Here we integrate a global network model with a local epidemic SEIR model to quantify the outbreak dynamics of COVID-19 in China and the\u00a0United States. For the outbreak in China, in [Formula: see text] provinces, we found a latent period of 2.56 \u00b1 0.72 days, a contact period of 1.47 \u00b1 0.32 days, and an infectious period of 17.82 \u00b1 2.95 days. We postulate that the latent and infectious periods are disease-specific, whereas the contact period is behavior-specific and can vary between different provinces, states, or countries. For the early stages of the outbreak in the United States, in [Formula: see text] states, we adopted the disease-specific values from China and found a contact period of 3.38 \u00b1 0.69 days. Our network model predicts that-without the massive political mitigation strategies that are in place today-the United States would have faced a basic reproduction number of 5.30 \u00b1 0.95 and a nationwide peak of the outbreak on May 10, 2020 with 3\u00a0million infections. Our results demonstrate how mathematical modeling can help estimate outbreak dynamics and provide decision guidelines for successful outbreak control. We anticipate that our model will become a valuable tool to estimate the potential of vaccination and quantify the effect of relaxing political measures including total lockdown, shelter in place, and travel restrictions for low-risk subgroups of the population or for the population as a whole."}, {"pmid": 32272008, "pmcid": "PMC7170790", "title": "Early preemptive immunomodulators (corticosteroids) for severe pneumonia patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Clin Exp Pediatr", "authors": ["Lee, Kyung-Yil", "Rhim, Jung-Woo", "Kang, Jin-Han"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272008", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227642, "title": "Introducing the 21st Century's New Four Horsemen of the Coronapocalypse.", "journal": "Bioessays", "authors": ["Cheong, Kang Hao", "Jones, Michael C"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227642", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the world struggles through the COVID-19 pandemic, we should also be asking what systems-level measures will be needed to prevent this or even worse disasters from happening in the future. We argue that the pandemic is merely one of potentially myriad and pleiomorphic future global disasters generated by the same underlying dynamical system. We explain that there are four broad but easily identifiable systemic, pathologically networked conditions that are hurtling civilization toward potential self-destruction. As long as these conditions are not resolved, we should consider catastrophe as an inevitable emergent endpoint from the dynamics. All four conditions can be reversed with collective action to begin creating an enduring and thriving post- COVID-19 world. This will require maximal application of the precautionary principle."}, {"pmid": 32305432, "pmcid": "PMC7162738", "title": "COVID-19 drive through testing: An effective strategy for conserving personal protective equipment.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Ton, Angie N", "Jethwa, Tarang", "Waters, Karen", "Speicher, Leigh L", "Francis, Dawn"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305432", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488552, "pmcid": "PMC7265868", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on HIV Testing and Assisted Partner Notification Services, Western Kenya.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Lagat, Harison", "Sharma, Monisha", "Kariithi, Edward", "Otieno, George", "Katz, David", "Masyuko, Sarah", "Mugambi, Mary", "Wamuti, Beatrice", "Weiner, Bryan", "Farquhar, Carey"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488552", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401344, "pmcid": "PMC7273016", "title": "The first case of acquired hemophilia A associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Franchini, Massimo", "Glingani, Claudia", "De Donno, Giuseppe", "Casari, Salvatore", "Caruso, Beatrice", "Terenziani, Isabella", "Perotti, Cesare", "Del Fante, Claudia", "Sartori, Filippo", "Pagani, Mauro"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401344", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417554, "pmcid": "PMC7211598", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic persuaded lockdown effects on environment over stone quarrying and crushing areas.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Mandal, Indrajit", "Pal, Swades"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417554", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Stone quarrying and crushing spits huge stone dust to the environment and causes threats to ecosystem components as well as human health. Imposing emergency lockdown to stop infection of COVID 19 virus on 24.03.2020 in India has created economic crisis but it has facilitated environment to restore its quality. Global scale study has already proved the qualitative improvement of air quality but its possible impact at regional level is not investigated yet. Middle catchment of Dwarka river basin of Eastern India is well known for stone quarrying and crushing and therefore the region is highly polluted. The present study has attempted to explore the impact of forced lockdown on environmental components like Particulate matter (PM) 10, Land surface temperature (LST), river water quality, noise using image and field derived data in pre and during lockdown periods. Result clearly exhibits that Maximum PM10 concentration was 189 to 278 \u03bcg/m3 in pre lockdown period and it now ranges from 50 to 60\u00a0\u03bcg/m3 after 18\u00a0days of the commencement of lockdown in selected four stone crushing clusters. LST is reduced by 3-5 \u00b0C, noise level is dropped to <65dBA which was above 85dBA in stone crusher dominated areas in pre lockdown period. Adjacent river water is qualitatively improved due to stoppage of dust release to the river. For instance, total dissolve solid (TDS) level in river water adjacent to crushing unit is attenuated by almost two times. When entire world is worried about the appropriate policies for abating environmental pollution, this emergency lockdown shows an absolute way i.e. pollution source management may restore environment and ecosystem with very rapid rate."}, {"pmid": 32510876, "title": "Differences in Clinical Characteristics of Covid-19 in Hispanic/Latino Population.", "journal": "Transbound Emerg Dis", "authors": ["Weng, Chien-Hsiang", "Saal, Andrew", "Chan, Philip A"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510876", "countries": ["United States", "China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) suggest several possible\u00a0symptoms associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including cough, shortness of breath (SOB), fever, chills, muscle pain, sore throats, new loss of taste or smell, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. (\"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Symptoms of Coronavirus.,\") The clinical characteristics from the study by Yu et al. published in Transboundary and Emerging Diseases and other Chinese studies were different from those we observe in the United States."}, {"pmid": 32235084, "title": "Spatial-temporal distribution of COVID-19 in China and its prediction: A data-driven modeling analysis.", "journal": "J Infect Dev Ctries", "authors": ["Huang, Rui", "Liu, Miao", "Ding, Yongmei"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235084", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, the outbreak of COVID-19 is rapidly spreading especially in Wuhan city, and threatens 14 million people in central China. In the present study we applied the Moran index, a strong statistical tool, to the spatial panel to show that COVID-19 infection is spatially dependent and mainly spread from Hubei Province in Central China to neighbouring areas. Logistic model was employed according to the trend of available data, which shows the difference between Hubei Province and outside of it. We also calculated the reproduction number R0 for the range of [2.23, 2.51] via SEIR model. The measures to reduce or prevent the virus spread should be implemented, and we expect our data-driven modeling analysis providing some insights to identify and prepare for the future virus control."}, {"pmid": 32402996, "pmcid": "PMC7182517", "title": "Thrombotic complications of patients admitted to intensive care with COVID-19 at a teaching hospital in the United Kingdom.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Thomas, W", "Varley, J", "Johnston, A", "Symington, E", "Robinson, M", "Sheares, K", "Lavinio, A", "Besser, M"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402996", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334942, "pmcid": "PMC7152920", "title": "COVID-19: should we continue to cryopreserve sperm during the pandemic?", "journal": "Reprod Biomed Online", "authors": ["Yakass, Michael Bright", "Woodward, Bryan"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334942", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340661, "title": "How Will COViD-19 Affect Long-Term Care?", "journal": "Sr Care Pharm", "authors": ["Baldwin, Paul"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340661", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The decision of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services to suspend routine surveys in favor of focused inspections targeted at infection control is the first signal that long-term care will be at the epicenter of federal oversight."}, {"pmid": 32285310, "pmcid": "PMC7153777", "title": "Milan 2020: COVID-19, neuro-oncology and much more.", "journal": "J Neurooncol", "authors": ["Finocchiaro, Gaetano"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285310", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400074, "pmcid": "PMC7273094", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia in lung transplant recipients: report of two cases.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Cozzi, Emanuele", "Faccioli, Eleonora", "Marinello, Serena", "Loy, Monica", "Congedi, Sabrina", "Calabrese, Fiorella", "Romagnoli, Micaela", "Cattelan, Anna Maria", "Rea, Federico"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400074", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared pandemic since March 2020. In Europe, Italy was the first nation affected by this infection. We report anamnestic data, clinical features, and therapeutic management of 2 lung transplant recipients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia. Both patients were in good clinical condition before the infection and were receiving immunosuppression with calcineurin inhibitors (CNI), mycophenolate mofetil, and corticosteroids. Whereas mycophenolate mofetil was withdrawn in both cases, CNI were suspended only in the second patient. The first patient always maintained excellent oxygen saturation throughout hospitalization with no need for additional oxygen therapy. He was discharged with a satisfactory pulmonary function and a complete resolution of radiological and clinical findings. However, at discharge SARS-CoV-2 RNA could still be detected in the nasopharyngeal swab and in the stools. The second patient required mechanical ventilation, had a progressive deterioration of his clinical conditions, and had a fatal outcome. Further insight into SARS-CoV-2 infection is eagerly awaited to improve the outcome of transplant recipients affected by COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32478797, "title": "Airborne Spread of SARS-CoV-2 and a Potential Role for Air Disinfection.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Nardell, Edward A", "Nathavitharana, Ruvandhi R"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478797", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513502, "title": "[Estimating the number of COVID-19 cases using a web-based tool: Results from the first week of the 'Covid-19 Trends' project in the Basque Country].", "journal": "Semergen", "authors": ["Garitano, I", "Linares, M", "Santos, L", "Santamaria, V", "Galicia, F", "Ramos, J M"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513502", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the Basque Country, two cases of COVID-19 were diagnosed on February 28 2020. On March 14, the Spanish Government established a state of alarm. Only cases confirmed by molecular biology (reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR]) were known. We launched a web-based surveillance tool to estimate the number of symptomatic cases of COVID-19 to contribute to Public Health decision-making. We implemented an anonymous web questionnaire and disseminated it through online social media social. We collected epidemiological information about \u00abtime\u00bb (date of onset of symptoms), \u00abplace\u00bb (zip code), and \u00abperson\u00bb (gender, age). We compared cases detected by RT-PCR with the estimated cases, according to the case definition of the Ministry of Health. We calculated the questionnaire response rate and the cumulative incidence at 14days. Between March 19 and 26, 128,009 people answered the questionnaire (5.5% of the Basque population). Of these, 26,375 met the case definition (symptom prevalence of 21.4%). The estimated cases were almost six times more than COVID-19 positive RT-PCR. The estimated 14-day cumulative incidence was 578.3 per 100,000 population compared to RT-PCR positive cases, which was 139.6 per 100,000 population. This tool was useful in estimating the minimum number of symptomatic cases in the Basque Country, which could support Public Health actions."}, {"pmid": 32205138, "pmcid": "PMC7118628", "title": "The index case of SARS-CoV-2 in Scotland.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Hill, Katherine J", "Russell, Clark D", "Clifford, Sarah", "Templeton, Kate", "Mackintosh, Claire L", "Koch, Oliver", "Sutherland, Rebecca K"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205138", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since its identification in December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has infected 125,048 persons globally with cases identified in 118 countries across all continents. We report on the Scottish index case of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the virus causing COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32297458, "title": "How to Conduct an Outpatient Telemedicine Rehabilitation or Prehabilitation Visit.", "journal": "PM R", "authors": ["Verduzco-Gutierrez, Monica", "Bean, Allison C", "Tenforde, Adam S", "Tapia, Rebecca N", "Silver, Julie K"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297458", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus pandemic is resulting in an accelerated conversion of in-person physician visits to virtual visits. As barriers to adoption of telemedicine are rapidly decreasing, it is important to recognize the need for practical and immediately deployable information that can improve doctor-patient interactions, facilitate accurate documentation, and increase confidence in the transition to virtual visits. In this article we aim to outline the components of an outpatient telemedicine visit for physiatrists, with a particular focus on an adapted virtual physical examination. Uses of telemedicine may include future large scale concerns such as natural disasters or climate change. We describe a general approach to the visit, review definitions of terms commonly used in telemedicine, and offer tips for optimizing the encounter."}, {"pmid": 32329419, "pmcid": "PMC7212536", "title": "Andrographolide as a potential inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease: an in silico approach.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Enmozhi, Sukanth Kumar", "Raja, Kavitha", "Sebastine, Irudhayasamy", "Joseph, Jerrine"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329419", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 virus which caused the global pandemic the Coronavirus Disease- 2019 (COVID-2019) has infected about 1,203,959 patients and brought forth death rate about 64,788 among 206 countries as mentioned by WHO in the month of April 2020. The clinical trials are underway for Remdesivir, an investigational anti-viral drug from Gilead Sciences. Antimalarial drugs such as Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine derivatives are being used in emergency cases; however, they are not suitable for patients with conditions like diabetes, hypertension and cardiac issues. The lack of availability of approved treatment for this disease calls forth the scientific community to find novel compounds with the ability to treat it. This paper evaluates the compound Andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata as a potential inhibitor of the main protease of SARS-COV-2 (Mpro) through in silico studies such as molecular docking, target analysis, toxicity prediction and ADME prediction. Andrographolide was docked successfully in the binding site of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Computational approaches also predicts this molecule to have good solubility, pharmacodynamics property and target accuracy. This molecule also obeys Lipinski's rule, which makes it a promising compound to pursue further biochemical and cell based assays to explore its potential for use against COVID-19.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32189428, "pmcid": "PMC7228237", "title": "Is nicotine exposure linked to cardiopulmonary vulnerability to COVID-19 in the general population?", "journal": "FEBS J", "authors": ["Olds, James L", "Kabbani, Nadine"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32189428", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent emergence of COVID-19 has resulted in a worldwide crisis, with large populations locked down and transportation links severed. While approximately 80% of infected individuals have minimal symptoms, around 15-20% need to be hospitalized, greatly stressing global healthcare systems. As of March 10, the death rate appears to be about 3.4%, although this number is highly stratified among different populations. Here, we focus on those individuals who have been exposed to nicotine prior to their exposure to the virus. We predict that these individuals are 'primed' to be at higher risk because nicotine can directly impact the putative receptor for the virus (ACE2) and lead to deleterious signaling in lung epithelial cells."}, {"pmid": 32384938, "pmcid": "PMC7209973", "title": "Students Supporting Critical Care - A contention plan to prevent the decompensation of ICUs in the COVID-19 pandemic:Translating Bjorn Ibsens' polio-lessons to modern times.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Wendel Garcia, Pedro David", "Massarotto, Paola", "Auinger, Katja", "Schuepbach, Reto Andreas", "Klinzing, Stephanie"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384938", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355837, "pmcid": "PMC7186600", "title": "Comprehensive update on current outbreak of novel coronavirus infection (2019-nCoV).", "journal": "Ann Transl Med", "authors": ["Sahu, Kamal Kant", "Mishra, Ajay Kumar", "Lal, Amos"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355837", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, a new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has emerged as a respiratory infection with significant concern for global public health hazards. With an initial suspicion of the animal to the human transmission for earlier cases, now the paradigm has shifted towards human to human transmission via droplets, contacts and/or through fomites. with each passing day, more and more confirmed cases are being reported worldwide which has alarmed the global authorities including World Health Organization (WHO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China to take immediate action in order to reduce the transmission and subsequent mortalities associated with COVID-19 to as minimum as possible. Unfortunately, like the previous Coronavirus outbreaks, there is no definite antiviral therapy for the treatment of confirmed cases and hence preventing ourselves from contracting 2019-nCoV is the best way to prevent it from becoming pandemic. Herein, we aim to discuss the latest updates on the origin, genomic characteristics, diagnosis, treatment options and current efforts being made by international health organizations with regards to the 2019-nCoV outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32485875, "title": "Analysis of Outbreak and Global Impacts of the COVID-19.", "journal": "Healthcare (Basel)", "authors": ["Priyadarshini, Ishaani", "Mohanty, Pinaki", "Kumar, Raghvendra", "Son, Le Hoang", "Chau, Hoang Thi Minh", "Nhu, Viet-Ha", "Thi Ngo, Phuong Thao", "Tien Bui, Dieu"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485875", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona viruses are a large family of viruses that are not only restricted to causing illness in humans but also affect animals such as camels, cattle, cats, and bats, thus affecting a large group of living species. The outbreak of Corona virus in late December 2019 (also known as COVID-19) raised major concerns when the outbreak started getting tremendous. While the first case was discovered in Wuhan, China, it did not take long for the disease to travel across the globe and infect every continent (except Antarctica), killing thousands of people. Since it has become a global concern, different countries have been working toward the treatment and generation of vaccine, leading to different speculations. While some argue that the vaccine may only be a few weeks away, others believe that it may take some time to create the vaccine. Given the increasing number of deaths, the COVID-19 has caused havoc worldwide and is a matter of serious concern. Thus, there is a need to study how the disease has been propagating across continents by numbers as well as by regions. This study incorporates a detailed description of how the COVID-19 outbreak started in China and managed to spread across the globe rapidly. We take into account the COVID-19 outbreak cases (confirmed, recovered, death) in order to make some observations regarding the pandemic. Given the detailed description of the outbreak, this study would be beneficial to certain industries that may be affected by the outbreak in order to take timely precautionary measures in the future. Further, the study lists some industries that have witnessed the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on a global scale."}, {"pmid": 32428080, "title": "Vulnerability to severe forms of COVID-19: an intra-municipal analysis in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Santos, Jefferson Pereira Caldas Dos", "Siqueira, Alexandre San Pedro", "Praca, Heitor Levy Ferreira", "Albuquerque, Hermano Gomes"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428080", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given the characteristics of the COVID-19 pandemic and the limited tools for orienting interventions in surveillance, control, and clinical care, the current article aims to identify areas with greater vulnerability to severe cases of the disease in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, a city characterized by huge social and spatial heterogeneity. In order to identify these areas, the authors prepared an index of vulnerability to severe cases of COVID-19 based on the construction, weighting, and integration of three levels of information: mean number of residents per household and density of persons 60 years or older (both per census tract) and neighborhood tuberculosis incidence rate in the year 2018. The data on residents per household and density of persons 60 years or older were obtained from the 2010 Population Census, and data on tuberculosis incidence were taken from the Brazilian Information System for Notificable Diseases (SINAN). Weighting of the indicators comprising the index used analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the levels of information were integrated via weighted linear combination with map algebra. Spatialization of the index of vulnerability to severe COVID-19 in the city of Rio de Janeiro reveals the existence of more vulnerable areas in different parts of the city's territory, reflecting its urban complexity. The areas with greatest vulnerability are located in the North and West Zones of the city and in poor neighborhoods nested within upper-income parts of the South and West Zones. Understanding these conditions of vulnerability can facilitate the development of strategies to monitor the evolution of COVID-19 and orient measures for prevention and health promotion."}, {"pmid": 32302464, "title": "The COVID-19 pandemics: Shall we expect andrological consequences? A call for contributions to ANDROLOGY.", "journal": "Andrology", "authors": ["Simoni, Manuela", "Hofmann, Marie-Claude"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302464", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499636, "pmcid": "PMC7271131", "title": "COVID-19 vaccines: neutralizing antibodies and the alum advantage.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Hotez, Peter J", "Corry, David B", "Strych, Ulrich", "Bottazzi, Maria Elena"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499636", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321209, "title": "General practitioners as frontiers in COVID-19: The Hong Kong experience.", "journal": "Aust J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Lee, Albert"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321209", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "General practitioners play a significant part in the COVID-19 pandemic by providing whole-person and patient-centred care during this time of crisis."}, {"pmid": 32470841, "pmcid": "PMC7250553", "title": "Transference of COVID-19 patient in hospitals - A crucial phase.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Kapoor, Indu", "Prabhakar, Hemanshu", "Mahajan, Charu"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470841", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407937, "pmcid": "PMC7201241", "title": "The clinical implication of dynamic neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and D-dimer in COVID-19: A retrospective study in Suzhou China.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Fu, Jianhong", "Kong, Jindan", "Wang, Wei", "Wu, Meiying", "Yao, Lin", "Wang, Zhaoyue", "Jin, Jun", "Wu, Depei", "Yu, Xin"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407937", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the clinical features of COVID-19 cases in Suzhou China. Biomarkers were screened out of hematological parameters for risk stratification. Confirmed COVID-19 adult patients in Suzhou were included. The patient data was collected, and the results of laboratory examinations were compared between the mild/moderate and severe COVID-19 groups. A ROC was calculated to compare the diagnostic performance of candidate indexes, and dynamic levels of hematological indexes were compared between the two groups. 75 patients were enrolled, with a mean age of 46.6\u202f\u00b1\u202f14\u202fyears, and 45 patients were male. All patients were classified into two groups: the mild/moderate group and the severe group. WBC, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), D-dimer, and fibrinogen levels of the severe group were significantly higher (P\u202f<\u202f0.05) than the mild/moderate, and the lymphocyte was lower. The ROC test showed that the hematological parameters had a larger AUC than that of inflammatory factors. There was a significant difference in lymphocyte and fibrinogen levels between the two groups on day 1 (P\u202f<\u202f0.05). However, NLR of the severe group was higher than the mild/moderate on days 1, 4 and 14 (P\u202f<\u202f0.01), and so was D-dimer on days 1, 7 and 14 (P\u202f<\u202f0.05). The common COVID-19 abnormal hematological indexes on admission included hyperfibrinogenemia, lymphopenia, the elevation of D-dimer, and leukopenia, which were significantly different between the mild/moderate and severe COVID-19 groups. Furthermore, the dynamic change of NLR and D-dimer level can distinguish severe COVID-19 cases from the mild/moderate."}, {"pmid": 32371054, "pmcid": "PMC7183991", "title": "COVID-19 in Brazil.", "journal": "Pulmonology", "authors": ["Marson, F A Lima", "Ortega, M M"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371054", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303509, "title": "Harnessing CAR T-cell Insights to Develop Treatments for Hyperinflammatory Responses in Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Cancer Discov", "authors": ["Agarwal, Sangya", "June, Carl H"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303509", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cytokine release and macrophage activation contribute to immunopathology after SARS-CoV-2 infection. We discuss approaches to decrease the morbidity and mortality in patients with COVID-19 by repurposing existing drugs previously developed for cancer therapy."}, {"pmid": 32345828, "title": "Challenges for the Pediatricians During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19 Coronavirus Disease 2019) Pandemic Start From the Neonatal Period.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Gkentzi, Despoina", "Karatza, Ageliki", "Dimitriou, Gabriel"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345828", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405641, "pmcid": "PMC7239193", "title": "EAPCI Position Statement on Invasive Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Chieffo, Alaide", "Stefanini, Giulio G", "Price, Susanna", "Barbato, Emanuele", "Tarantini, Giuseppe", "Karam, Nicole", "Moreno, Raul", "Buchanan, Gill Louise", "Gilard, Martine", "Halvorsen, Sigrun", "Huber, Kurt", "James, Stefan", "Neumann, Franz-Josef", "Mollmann, Helge", "Roffi, Marco", "Tavazzi, Guido", "Mauri Ferre, Josepa", "Windecker, Stephan", "Dudek, Dariusz", "Baumbach, Andreas"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405641", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses an unprecedented challenge to healthcare worldwide. The infection can be life threatening and require intensive care treatment. The transmission of the disease poses a risk to both patients and healthcare workers. The number of patients requiring hospital admission and intensive care may overwhelm health systems and negatively affect standard care for patients presenting with conditions needing emergency interventions. This position statements aims to assist cardiologists in the invasive management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. To that end, we assembled a panel of interventional cardiologists and acute cardiac care specialists appointed by the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) and from the Acute Cardiovascular Care Association (ACVC) and included the experience from the first and worst affected areas in Europe. Modified diagnostic and treatment algorithms are proposed to adapt evidence-based protocols for this unprecedented challenge. Various clinical scenarios, as well as management algorithms for patients with a diagnosed or suspected COVID-19 infection, presenting with ST- and non-ST-segment elevation ACS are described. In addition, we address the need for re-organization of ACS networks, with redistribution of hub and spoke hospitals, as well as for in-hospital reorganization of emergency rooms and cardiac units, with examples coming from multiple European countries. Furthermore, we provide a guidance to reorganization of catheterization laboratories and, importantly, measures for protection of healthcare providers involved with invasive procedures."}, {"pmid": 32479748, "pmcid": "PMC7256538", "title": "Analysis of clinical and demographic heterogeneity of patients dying from COVID-19 in Brazil versus China and Italy.", "journal": "Braz J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Oliveira, Maria Helena Santos de", "Wong, Johnny", "Lippi, Giuseppe", "Henry, Brandon Michael"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479748", "countries": ["China", "Brazil", "Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505221, "title": "Quantifying additional COVID-19 symptoms will save lives.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Menni, Cristina", "Sudre, Carole H", "Steves, Claire J", "Ourselin, Sebastien", "Spector, Tim D"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505221", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461232, "title": "Covid-19: \"Huge rise\" in deaths at home is not fully explained by virus, say experts.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Griffin, Shaun"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461232", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501378, "pmcid": "PMC7247522", "title": "COVID-19 created chaos across the globe: Three novel quarantine epidemic models.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Mishra, Bimal Kumar", "Keshri, Ajit Kumar", "Rao, Yerra Shankar", "Mishra, Binay Kumar", "Mahato, Buddhadeo", "Ayesha, Syeda", "Rukhaiyyar, Bansidhar Prasad", "Saini, Dinesh Kumar", "Singh, Aditya Kumar"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501378", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The latest version of human coronavirus said to be COVID-19 came out as a sudden pandemic disease within human population and in the absence of vaccination and proper treatment till date, it daunting threats heavily to human lives, infecting more than 12, 11, 214 people and death more than 67, 666 people in 208 countries across the globe as on April 06, 2020, which is highly alarming. When no treatment or vaccine is available till date and to avoid COVID-19 to be transmitted in the community, social distancing is the only way to prevent the disease, which is well taken into account in our novel epidemic models as a special compartment, that is, home isolation. Based on the transmitting behavior of COVID-19 in the human population, we develop three quarantine models of this pandemic taking into account the compartments: susceptible population, immigrant population, home isolation population, infectious population, hospital quarantine population, and recovered population. Local and global asymptotic stability is proved for all the three models. Extensive numerical simulations are performed to establish the analytical results with suitable examples. Our research reveals that home isolation and quarantine to hospitals are the two pivot force-control policies under the present situation when no treatment is available for this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32340090, "title": "[Discussion on early warning, prevention and control of emerging infectious diseases from a macroscopic perspective based on big data and effective distance model: enlightenment of COVID-19 epidemic data in China].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, Z K", "Chen, Z S", "Du, A H", "Wang, C Y", "Liu, H", "Wang, Z W", "Hu, J F"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340090", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To provide a system for warning, preventing and controlling emerging infectious diseases from a macroscopic perspective, using the COVID-19 epidemic data and effective distance model. Methods: The dates of hospitalization/isolation treatment of the first confirmed cases of COVID-19 and the cumulative numbers of confirmed cases in different provinces in China reported as of 23 February, 2020 were collected. The Location Based Service (LBS) big data platform of \"Baidu Migration\" was employed to obtain the data of the proportion of the floating population from Wuhan to all parts of the country. Effective distance models and linear regression models were established to analyze the relationship between the effective distance and the arrival time of the epidemic as well as the number of cumulative confirmed cases at provincial and municipal levels. Results: The arrival time of the epidemic and the cumulative number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 had significant linear relationship at both provincial and municipal levels in China, and the regression coefficients of each linear model were significant (P<0.001). At the provincial level, the effective distance could explain about 71% of the variation of the model with arrival time along with around 90% of the variation for the model in the cumulative confirmed case magnitude; at the municipal level, the effective distance could explain about 66% of the variation for the model in arrival time, and about 85% of the variation of the model with the cumulative confirmed case magnitude. Conclusions: The fitting degree of the models are good. The LBS big data and effective distance model can be used to estimate the track, time and extent of epidemic spread to provide useful reference for early warning, prevention and control of emerging infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32425651, "pmcid": "PMC7227606", "title": "Current Scenario of COVID-19 in Pediatric Age Group and Physiology of Immune and Thymus response.", "journal": "Saudi J Biol Sci", "authors": ["Rehman, Suriya", "Majeed, Tariq", "Azam Ansari, Mohammad", "Ali, Uzma", "Sabit, Hussein", "Al-Suhaimi, Ebtesam A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425651", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, continues to manifest with severe acute respiratory syndrome among the adults, however, it offers a convincing indication of less severity and fatality in pediatric age group (0-18 years). The current trend suggests that children may get infected but are less symptomatic with less fatality, which is concordant to earlier epidemic outbreaks of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, in 2002 and 2012, respectively. According to the available data, children appear to be at lower risk for COVID-19, as adults constitute for maximum number of the confirmed cases (308,592) and deaths (13,069) as on 22nd March (https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus). However, rapid publications and information of the adult patients with COVID-19 is in progress and published, on the contrary, almost no comprehensive data or discussion about the COVID-19 in children is available. Therefore, in this review, we outline the epidemiology, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, possible immune response and role of thymus in children to combat the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32503847, "title": "Multi-Center Evaluation of the Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 Assay for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Oropharyngeal Swab Specimens.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Hou, Hongyan", "Chen, Jun", "Wang, Yueqin", "Lu, Yanjun", "Zhu, Yaowu", "Zhang, Bo", "Wang, Feng", "Mao, Lie", "Tang, Yi-Wei", "Hu, Bicheng", "Ren, Yi", "Sun, Ziyong"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503847", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global health concern that has spread worldwide since December 2019 (1-4).\u2026."}, {"pmid": 32278546, "pmcid": "PMC7142702", "title": "Virtual Interviews in the Era of COVID-19: A Primer for Applicants.", "journal": "J Surg Educ", "authors": ["Jones, Ruth Ellen", "Abdelfattah, Kareem R"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278546", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is an evolving crisis with widespread impact upon our medical system, including senior trainee travel for fellowship interviews. Numerous institutions have conscientiously deferred in-person interviews or virtual formats. Given the competitive nature of fellowship interviews, candidates may express concern that they are at a disadvantage in engaging in online meetings versus live, on-site interviews, and similarly may feel ill prepared to perform optimally during online interviews. We draw upon our experience with online interview platforms in this guide for fellowship candidates who are rapidly adapting to new technology and styles associated with videoconference interviews so that they can best promote themselves for competitive positions."}, {"pmid": 32359487, "pmcid": "PMC7252194", "title": "Managing patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic: frontline experience from Wuhan.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["Mei, Heng", "Dong, Xiaorong", "Wang, Yadan", "Tang, Liang", "Hu, Yu"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359487", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447805, "title": "Is climate change the next pandemic for dermatology? Lessons from COVID-19.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Patruno, Cataldo", "Nistico, Steven Paul", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella", "Napolitano, Maddalena"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447805", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220279, "pmcid": "PMC7118630", "title": "COVID-19 in Europe: the Italian lesson.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Saglietto, Andrea", "D'Ascenzo, Fabrizio", "Zoccai, Giuseppe Biondi", "De Ferrari, Gaetano Maria"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220279", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515081, "title": "Endonasal Drilling May Be Employed Safely in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Snyderman, Carl H", "Gardner, Paul A"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515081", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297540, "pmcid": "PMC7171387", "title": "Association between platelet parameters and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019: Retrospective cohort study.", "journal": "Platelets", "authors": ["Liu, Yanli", "Sun, Wenwu", "Guo, Yanan", "Chen, Liangkai", "Zhang, Lijuan", "Zhao, Su", "Long, Ding", "Yu, Li"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297540", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Thrombocytopenia has been implicated in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, while the association of platelet count and changes with subsequent mortality remains unclear. The clinical and laboratory data of 383 patients with the definite outcome by March 1, 2020 in the Central Hospital of Wuhan were reviewed. The association between platelet parameters and mortality risk was estimated by utilizing Cox proportional hazard regression models. Among the 383 patients, 334 (87.2%) were discharged and survived, and 49 (12.8%) died. Thrombocytopenia at admission was associated with mortality of almost three times as high as that for those without thrombocytopenia (P <\u00a00.05). Cox regression analyses revealed that platelet count was an independent risk factor associated with in-hospital mortality in a dose-dependent manner. An increment of per 50\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0109/L in platelets was associated with a 40% decrease in mortality (hazard ratio: 0.60, 95%CI: 0.43, 0.84). Dynamic changes of platelets were also closely related to death during hospitalization. Baseline platelet levels and changes were associated with subsequent mortality. Monitoring platelets during hospitalization may be important in the prognosis of patients with coronavirus disease in 2019."}, {"pmid": 32330295, "pmcid": "PMC7264602", "title": "Strong policies control the spread of COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Li, Bao-Zhu", "Cao, Nv-Wei", "Zhou, Hao-Yue", "Chu, Xiu-Jie", "Ye, Dong-Qing"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330295", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbroke in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, affecting more than 200 countries and regions. This study aimed to predict the development of the epidemic with specific interventional policies applied in China and evaluate their effectiveness. COVID-19 data of Hubei Province and the next five most affected provinces were collected from daily case reports of COVID-19 on the Health Committee official website of these provinces. The number of current cases, defined as the number of confirmed cases minus the number of cured cases and those who have died, was examined in this study. A modified Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious- Removed (SEIR) model was used to assess the effects of interventional policies on the epidemic. In this study, January 28 was day zero of the model. The results of the modified SEIR model showed that the number of current cases in Hubei and Zhejiang provinces tended to be stabilized after 70 days and after 60 days in the four other provinces. The predicted number of current cases without policy intervention was shown to far exceed that with policy intervention. The estimated number of COVID-19 cases in Hubei Province with policy intervention was predicted to peak at 51,222, whereas that without policy intervention was predicted to reach 157,721. Based on the results of the model, strong interventional policies were found to be vital components of epidemic control. Applying such policies is likely to shorten the duration of the epidemic and reduce the number of new cases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32299963, "title": "Covid-19 wake-up call for exotic pet trade.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299963", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380475, "title": "ENDOCRINOLOGY IN THE TIME OF COVID-19: Management of Cushing's syndrome.", "journal": "Eur J Endocrinol", "authors": ["Newell-Price, John", "Nieman, Lynnette K", "Reincke, Martin", "Tabarin, Antoine"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380475", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clinical evaluation should guide those needing immediate investigation. Strict adherence to COVID-19 protection measures is necessary. Alternative ways of consultations (telephone, video) should be used. Early discussion with regional/national experts about investigation and management of potential and existing patients is strongly encouraged. Patients with moderate or severe clinical features need urgent investigation and management. Patients with active Cushing's syndrome, especially when severe, are immunocompromised and vigorous adherence to the principles of social isolation is recommended. In patients with mild features or in whom a diagnosis is less likely, clinical re-evaluation should be repeated at 3 and 6 months or deferred until the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 has significantly decreased; however, those individuals should be encouraged to maintain social distancing. Diagnostic pathways may need to be very different from usual recommendations in order to reduce possible exposure to SARS-CoV-2. When extensive differential diagnostic testing and/or surgery is not feasible, it should be deferred and medical treatment should be initiated. Transsphenoidal pituitary surgery should be delayed during high SARS-CoV-2 viral prevalence. Medical management rather than surgery will be the used for most patients, since the short- to mid-term prognosis depends in most cases on hypercortisolism rather than its cause; it should be initiated promptly to minimize the risk of infection in these immunosuppressed patients. The risk/benefit ratio of these recommendations will need re-evaluation every 2-3 months from April 2020 in each country (and possibly local areas) and will depend on the local health care structure and phase of pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32531437, "pmcid": "PMC7283066", "title": "Survey of Academic US Programs Regarding the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Clinical Practice, Education and Research in Neurosurgery.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Goyal, Anshit", "Kerezoudis, Panagiotis", "Yolcu, Yagiz U", "Chaichana, Kaisorn L", "Abode-Iyamah, Kingsley", "Quinones-Hinojosa, Alfredo", "Bendok, Bernard R", "Krauss, William", "Parney, Ian F", "Spinner, Robert J", "Van Gompel, Jamie J", "Bydon, Mohamad"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531437", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311498, "pmcid": "PMC7165103", "title": "The impact of nutrition on COVID-19 susceptibility and long-term consequences.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Butler, Michael J", "Barrientos, Ruth M"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311498", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While all groups are affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, the elderly, underrepresented minorities, and those with underlying medical conditions are at the greatest risk. The high rate of consumption of diets high in saturated fats, sugars, and refined carbohydrates (collectively called Western diet, WD) worldwide, contribute to the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes, and could place these populations at an increased risk for severe COVID-19 pathology and mortality. WD consumption activates the innate immune system and impairs adaptive immunity, leading to chronic inflammation and impaired host defense against viruses. Furthermore, peripheral inflammation caused by COVID-19 may have long-term consequences in those that recover, leading to chronic medical conditions such as dementia and neurodegenerative disease, likely through neuroinflammatory mechanisms that can be compounded by an unhealthy diet. Thus, now more than ever, wider access to healthy foods should be a top priority and individuals should be mindful of healthy eating habits to reduce susceptibility to and long-term complications from COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32343244, "title": "Estimates of the Potential Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Sexual and Reproductive Health In Low- and Middle-Income Countries.", "journal": "Int Perspect Sex Reprod Health", "authors": ["Riley, Taylor", "Sully, Elizabeth", "Ahmed, Zara", "Biddlecom, Ann"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343244", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that causes COVID-19 has spread rapidly since emerging in late 2019, leading the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare the disease a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. Governments around the world have had to quickly adapt and respond to curb transmission of the virus and to provide care for the many who have been infected. The strain that the outbreak imposes on health systems will undoubtedly impact the sexual and reproductive health of individuals living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs); however, sexual and reproductive health will also be affected by societal responses to the pandemic, such as local or national lockdowns that force health services to shut down if they are not deemed essential, as well as the consequences of physical distancing, travel restrictions and economic slowdowns."}, {"pmid": 32057210, "title": "[The prevention and control of a new coronavirus infection in department of stomatology].", "journal": "Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, Z Y", "Meng, L Y"], "date": "2020-02-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32057210", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During a short period of time, the outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus, named Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (NCP), was first reported in China, spreading to 24 countries and regions rapidly. The number of confirmed cases and deaths continued to rise. World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the outbreaks of the novel coronavirus have constituted a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Efficient infection control can prevent the virus from further spreading, which makes the epidemic situation under control. Due to the specialty of oral healthcare settings, the risk of cross infection is severe among patients and oral healthcare practitioners. It's more urgent to implement strict and efficient infection control protocols. This paper, based on existing guidelines and published researches pertinent to dental infection-control principles and practices, mainly discusses epidemiological characteristics of NCP and the features of nosocomial infection in oral healthcare settings, and furthermore provides recommendations on patient's evaluation, and infection control protocols in department of stomatology under current circumstance.."}, {"pmid": 32433120, "title": "Immediate Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Electroconvulsive Therapy Practice.", "journal": "J ECT", "authors": ["Colbert, Sally-Anne", "McCarron, Shane", "Ryan, Geraldine", "McLoughlin, Declan M"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433120", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340553, "title": "Otolaryngologists and the Doctor-Patient Relationship during a Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Hogikyan, Norman D", "Shuman, Andrew G"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340553", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has forced otolaryngologists and their patients to confront issues that they have rarely if ever previously faced. Prominent among these is the need to put the collective good ahead of the interests of individual patients with otolaryngologic disorders. We argue that the individual doctor-patient relationship remains paramount even at a time when public health principles mandate systems-level thinking."}, {"pmid": 32496899, "title": "The Unique Challenges Faced by Assisted Living Communities to Meet Federal Guidelines for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Dobbs, Debra", "Peterson, Lindsay", "Hyer, Kathryn"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496899", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This perspective addresses the challenges that assisted living (AL) providers face concerning federal guidelines to prevent increased spread of COVID-19. These challenges include restriction of family visitation, use of third-party providers as essential workers, staffing guidelines, transfer policies, and rural AL hospitalizations. To meet these challenges we recommend that AL providers incorporate digital technology to maintain family-resident communication. We also recommend that states adopt protocols that limit the number of AL communities visited by home health care workers in a 14-day period, appeal to the federal government for hazard pay for direct care workers, and to extend the personal care attendant program to AL. It is further recommended that states work with AL communities to implement COVID-19 comprehensive emergency management plans that are well-coordinated with local emergency operation centers to assist with transfers to COVID-19 specific locations and to assist in rural areas with hospital transfers. Together, these recommendations to AL providers and state and federal agencies address the unique structure and needs of AL and would enable AL communities to be better prepared to care for and reduce those infected with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32275128, "title": "[Roles of multidisciplinary team (MDT) in diagnosis and treatment of suspected cases of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19)].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Ding, Shubo", "Yu, Shi'an", "Chen, Haijun", "Zhang, Dehe", "Xu, Yejin", "Zhu, Dan", "Cheng, Kun"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275128", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze the roles of multidisciplinary team (MDT) in the diagnosis and treatment of suspected cases of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The clinical data of 48 patients with suspected COVID-19 admitted in Jinhua Central Hospital from January 21, 2020 to March 20, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Of the 48 suspected cases, 18 were diagnosed with COVID-19, and 30 were excluded. Each of the confirmed cases were discussed among MDT for 2 to 12 times with an average of (4.7\u00b13.2) times; while for non-COVID-19 patients were discussed for 2 to 4 times with an average of (2.3\u00b10.6) times per case. With the guidance of MDT, one COVID-19 patient was transferred to designated provincial hospital after effective treatment; one patient complicated with acute cholecystitis underwent gallbladder puncture and drainage; and COVID-19 was excluded in a highly suspected patient after alveolar lavage fluid examination. Except one transferred patient, all 17 confirmed COVID-19 patients were cured and discharged; there was no cross-infection occurred in suspected patients during the hospitalization; there were no deaths and no medical staff infections. The efficiency of diagnosis and treatment for suspected COVID-19 patients can be improved under MDT mode, particularly for complicated and refractory cases."}, {"pmid": 32246906, "pmcid": "PMC7195346", "title": "Modelling COVID-19 transmission: from data to intervention.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Jia, Zhongwei", "Lu, Zuhong"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246906", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32226284, "pmcid": "PMC7098033", "title": "The global battle against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Biol Sci", "authors": ["Deng, Chu-Xia"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226284", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423579, "pmcid": "PMC7251990", "title": "[Pediatric ophthalmology consultations during COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "J Fr Ophtalmol", "authors": ["Speeg-Schatz, C"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423579", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505908, "title": "Immunologic characterization of a immunosuppressed multiple sclerosis patient that recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "J Neuroimmunol", "authors": ["Chiarini, Marco", "Paghera, Simone", "Moratto, Daniele", "Rossi, Nicola De", "Giacomelli, Mauro", "Badolato, Raffaele", "Capra, Ruggero", "Imberti, Luisa"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505908", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A multiple sclerosis patient infected by SARS-CoV-2 during fingolimod therapy was hospitalized with moderate clinical features, and recovered in 15\u00a0days. High levels of CCL5 and CCL10 chemokines and of antibody-secreting B cells were detected, while the levels other B- and T-cell subsets were comparable to that of appropriate controls. However, CD4+ and CD8+ cells were oligoclonally expanded and prone to apoptosis when stimulated in vitro. This study suggests that fingolimod-immunosuppressed patients, despite the low circulating lymphocytes, may rapidly expand antibody-secreting cells and mount an effective immune response that favors COVID-19 recovery after drug discontinuation."}, {"pmid": 32314729, "title": "Dilemmas and Priorities in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Dan Med J", "authors": ["Breindahl, Morten", "Zachariassen, Gitte", "Christensen, Pia Sonderby", "Henriksen, Tine Brink"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314729", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492443, "pmcid": "PMC7261460", "title": "Right-to-left interatrial shunt in COVID-19 patients with pulmonary embolism.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Fabre, Olivier", "Rebet, Olivier", "Hysi, Ilir"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492443", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437587, "title": "COVID-19 vaccines: knowing the unknown.", "journal": "Eur J Immunol", "authors": ["Lv, Huibin", "Wu, Nicholas C", "Mok, Chris K P"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437587", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2 has drawn attention around the globe due to the exploding pandemic. Although COVID-19 is caused by a new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, previous research on other coronavirus vaccines, such as FIPV, SARS and MERS, has provided valuable information for the rapid development of COVID-19 vaccine. However, important knowledge gaps remain - some are specific to SARS-CoV-2, others are fundamental to immunology and vaccinology. Here we discuss areas that need to be addressed for COVID-19 vaccine development, and what can be learned from examples of vaccine development in the past. Since the beginning of the outbreak, the research progress on COVID-19 has been remarkable. We are therefore optimistic about the rapid development of COVID-19 vaccine. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32507776, "title": "COVID-19 Epidemic: Possibility of Artificial Intelligence in Infection Control and Prevention.", "journal": "J Epidemiol", "authors": ["Qi, Zhao-Yao", "Zhao, Pei-Yuan", "Geng, Shao-Hui", "Yi, Huai-Min", "Yang, Li-Ping"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507776", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356322, "pmcid": "PMC7267346", "title": "Special considerations in the management of patients with myelodysplastic myndrome / myeloproliferative neoplasm overlap syndromes during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Patnaik, Mrinal M", "Lasho, Terra", "Padron, Eric", "McCullough, Kristen", "Al-Kali, Aref", "Tefferi, Ayalew", "Zeidan, Amer M", "Gangat, Naseema", "Savona, Michael", "Steensma, David P", "Solary, Eric"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356322", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32191173, "pmcid": "PMC7258488", "title": "Serial Interval of COVID-19 among Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Du, Zhanwei", "Xu, Xiaoke", "Wu, Ye", "Wang, Lin", "Cowling, Benjamin J", "Meyers, Lauren Ancel"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32191173", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We estimate the distribution of serial intervals for 468 confirmed cases of coronavirus disease reported in China as of February 8, 2020. The mean interval was 3.96 days (95% CI 3.53-4.39 days), SD 4.75 days (95% CI 4.46-5.07 days); 12.6% of case reports indicated presymptomatic transmission."}, {"pmid": 32394997, "pmcid": "PMC7211621", "title": "Information Resource Orchestration during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study of Community Lockdowns in China.", "journal": "Int J Inf Manage", "authors": ["Pan, Shan L", "Cui, Miao", "Qian, Jinfang"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394997", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has created significant challenges for people worldwide. To combat the virus, one of the most dramatic measures was the lockdown of 4 billion people in what is believed to be the largest quasi-quarantine in human history. As a response to the call to study information behavior during a global health crisis, we adopted a resource orchestration perspective to investigate six Chinese families who survived the lockdown. We explored how elderly, young and middle-aged individuals and children resourced information and how they adapted their information behavior to emerging online technologies. Two information resource orchestration practices (information resourcing activities and information behavior adaptation activities) and three mechanisms (online emergence and convergence in community resilience, the overcoming of information flow impediments, and the application of absorptive capacity) were identified in the study."}, {"pmid": 32243535, "pmcid": "PMC7184429", "title": "Shenzhen' experience on containing 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia transmission.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Fang, Y", "Zhang, S", "Yu, Zhijian", "Wang, H", "Deng, Q"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243535", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220205, "title": "Clinical Characteristics of Covid-19 in China.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Henry, Brandon M", "Vikse, Jens"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220205", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487282, "title": "Encephalopathy and Encephalitis Associated with Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytokine Alterations and Coronavirus Disease, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 2020.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Benameur, Karima", "Agarwal, Ankita", "Auld, Sara C", "Butters, Matthew P", "Webster, Andrew S", "Ozturk, Tugba", "Howell, J Christina", "Bassit, Leda C", "Velasquez, Alvaro", "Schinazi, Raymond F", "Mullins, Mark E", "Hu, William T"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487282", "countries": ["United States", "Georgia"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are few detailed investigations of neurologic complications in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. We describe 3 patients with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease who development of encephalopathy and encephalitis. Neuroimaging showed nonenhancing unilateral, bilateral, and midline changes not readily attributable to vascular causes. All 3 patients had increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of anti-S1 IgM. One patient who died also had increased levels of anti-envelope protein IgM. CSF analysis also showed markedly increased levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-10, but severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was not identified in any CSF sample. These changes provide evidence of CSF periinfectious/postinfectious inflammatory changes during coronavirus disease with neurologic complications."}, {"pmid": 32280993, "pmcid": "PMC7188154", "title": "Home and Community-Based Physical Therapist Management of Adults With Post-Intensive Care Syndrome.", "journal": "Phys Ther", "authors": ["Smith, James M", "Lee, Alan C", "Zeleznik, Hallie", "Coffey Scott, Jacqueline P", "Fatima, Arooj", "Needham, Dale M", "Ohtake, Patricia J"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32280993", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "More than 4 million adults survive a stay in the intensive care unit each year, with many experiencing new or worsening physical disability, mental health problems, and/or cognitive impairments, known as the post-intensive care syndrome (PICS). Given the prevalence and magnitude of physical impairments after critical illness, many survivors, including those recovering from COVID-19, could benefit from physical therapist services after hospital discharge. However, due to the relatively recent recognition and characterization of PICS, there may be limited awareness and understanding of PICS among physical therapists practicing in home healthcare and community-based settings. This lack of awareness may lead to inappropriate and/or inadequate rehabilitation service provision. While this perspective article provides information relevant to all physical therapists, it is aimed toward those providing rehabilitation services outside of the acute and post-acute inpatient settings. This article reports the prevalence and clinical presentation of PICS and provides recommendations for physical examination and outcomes measures, plan of care, and intervention strategies. The importance of providing patient and family education, coordinating community resources including referring to other healthcare team members, and community-based rehabilitation service options is emphasized. Finally, this perspective article discusses current challenges for optimizing outcomes for people with PICS and suggests future directions for research and practice."}, {"pmid": 32378200, "pmcid": "PMC7267602", "title": "Rescheduling of clinical activities and teleconsulting for public dermatology. Two prompt answers to COVID-19 emergency.", "journal": "Int J Dermatol", "authors": ["Morrone, Aldo", "Cristaudo, Antonio", "Ardigo, Marco", "Frascione, Pasquale", "Pacifico, Alessia", "Giuliani, Massimo"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378200", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438620, "title": "COVID-19: The Inflammation Link and the Role of Nutrition in Potential Mitigation.", "journal": "Nutrients", "authors": ["Zabetakis, Ioannis", "Lordan, Ronan", "Norton, Catherine", "Tsoupras, Alexandros"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438620", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has engulfed the world, affecting more than 180 countries. As a result, there has been considerable economic distress globally and a significant loss of life. Sadly, the vulnerable and immunocompromised in our societies seem to be more susceptible to severe COVID-19 complications. Global public health bodies and governments have ignited strategies and issued advisories on various handwashing and hygiene guidelines, social distancing strategies, and, in the most extreme cases, some countries have adopted \"stay in place\" or lockdown protocols to prevent COVID-19 spread. Notably, there are several significant risk factors for severe COVID-19 infection. These include the presence of poor nutritional status and pre-existing noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes mellitus, chronic lung diseases, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), obesity, and various other diseases that render the patient immunocompromised. These diseases are characterized by systemic inflammation, which may be a common feature of these NCDs, affecting patient outcomes against COVID-19. In this review, we discuss some of the anti-inflammatory therapies that are currently under investigation intended to dampen the cytokine storm of severe COVID-19 infections. Furthermore, nutritional status and the role of diet and lifestyle is considered, as it is known to affect patient outcomes in other severe infections and may play a role in COVID-19 infection. This review speculates the importance of nutrition as a mitigation strategy to support immune function amid the COVID-19 pandemic, identifying food groups and key nutrients of importance that may affect the outcomes of respiratory infections."}, {"pmid": 32470443, "pmcid": "PMC7250754", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and home-based physical activity.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Carvalho, Vitor Oliveira", "Gois, Caroline Oliveira"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470443", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407707, "pmcid": "PMC7219357", "title": "Rational Vaccine Design in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Cell Host Microbe", "authors": ["Burton, Dennis R", "Walker, Laura M"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407707", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As scientists consider SARS-CoV-2 vaccine design, we discuss problems that may be encountered and how to tackle them by what we term \"rational vaccine design.\" We further discuss approaches to pan-coronavirus vaccines. We draw on experiences from recent research on several viruses including HIV and influenza, as well as coronaviruses."}, {"pmid": 32439992, "title": "Ten reasons why immunity passports are a bad idea.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Kofler, Natalie", "Baylis, Francoise"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439992", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394569, "pmcid": "PMC7214944", "title": "Addressing mental health needs: an integral part of COVID-19 response.", "journal": "World Psychiatry", "authors": ["Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Tedros"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394569", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287791, "pmcid": "PMC7131140", "title": "The race for treatments.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Le Page, Michael"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287791", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It will take time to develop a coronavirus vaccine, but some existing drugs may help save lives before then, says Michael Le Page."}, {"pmid": 32346694, "pmcid": "PMC7183253", "title": "Editorial: Tele-ICU in the Age of COVID-19: Built for This Challenge.", "journal": "J Nutr Health Aging", "authors": ["Srinivasan, S R"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346694", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311320, "pmcid": "PMC7164922", "title": "Impact assessment of non-pharmaceutical interventions against coronavirus disease 2019 and influenza in Hong Kong: an observational study.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Cowling, Benjamin J", "Ali, Sheikh Taslim", "Ng, Tiffany W Y", "Tsang, Tim K", "Li, Julian C M", "Fong, Min Whui", "Liao, Qiuyan", "Kwan, Mike Yw", "Lee, So Lun", "Chiu, Susan S", "Wu, Joseph T", "Wu, Peng", "Leung, Gabriel M"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311320", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A range of public health measures have been implemented to suppress local transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hong Kong. We examined the effect of these interventions and behavioural changes of the public on the incidence of COVID-19, as well as on influenza virus infections, which might share some aspects of transmission dynamics with COVID-19. We analysed data on laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases, influenza surveillance data in outpatients of all ages, and influenza hospitalisations in children. We estimated the daily effective reproduction number (Rt) for COVID-19 and influenza A H1N1 to estimate changes in transmissibility over time. Attitudes towards COVID-19 and changes in population behaviours were reviewed through three telephone surveys done on Jan 20-23, Feb 11-14, and March 10-13, 2020. COVID-19 transmissibility measured by Rt has remained at approximately 1 for 8 weeks in Hong Kong. Influenza transmission declined substantially after the implementation of social distancing measures and changes in population behaviours in late January, with a 44% (95% CI 34-53%) reduction in transmissibility in the community, from an estimated Rt of 1\u00b728 (95% CI 1\u00b726-1\u00b730) before the start of the school closures to 0\u00b772 (0\u00b770-0\u00b774) during the closure weeks. Similarly, a 33% (24-43%) reduction in transmissibility was seen based on paediatric hospitalisation rates, from an Rt of 1\u00b710 (1\u00b706-1\u00b712) before the start of the school closures to 0\u00b773 (0\u00b768-0\u00b777) after school closures. Among respondents to the surveys, 74\u00b75%, 97\u00b75%, and 98\u00b78% reported wearing masks when going out, and 61\u00b73%, 90\u00b72%, and 85\u00b71% reported avoiding crowded places in surveys 1 (n=1008), 2 (n=1000), and 3 (n=1005), respectively. Our study shows that non-pharmaceutical interventions (including border restrictions, quarantine and isolation, distancing, and changes in population behaviour) were associated with reduced transmission of COVID-19 in Hong Kong, and are also likely to have substantially reduced influenza transmission in early February, 2020. Health and Medical Research Fund, Hong Kong."}, {"pmid": 32380288, "pmcid": "PMC7198426", "title": "Genetic susceptibility for COVID-19-associated sudden cardiac death in African Americans.", "journal": "Heart Rhythm", "authors": ["Giudicessi, John R", "Roden, Dan M", "Wilde, Arthur A M", "Ackerman, Michael J"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380288", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451114, "pmcid": "PMC7196381", "title": "Communication strategies to mitigate fear and suffering among COVID-19 patients isolated in the ICU and their families.", "journal": "Heart Lung", "authors": ["Akgun, Kathleen M", "Shamas, Tracy L", "Feder, Shelli L", "Schulman-Green, Dena"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451114", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506813, "title": "A fatal case of COVID-19 infection presenting with an erythema multiforme-like eruption and fever.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Gargiulo, Luigi", "Pavia, Giulia", "Facheris, Paola", "Valenti, Mario", "Sacrini, Francesco", "Narcisi, Alessandra", "Borroni, Riccardo", "Costanzo, Antonio", "Mancini, Luca Livio"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506813", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406902, "pmcid": "PMC7239138", "title": "Preparation for the COVID-19 pandemic in the department of radiation oncology in the National Cancer Center Hospital in Tokyo.", "journal": "J Radiat Res", "authors": ["Murakami, Naoya", "Igaki, Hiroshi", "Okamoto, Hiroyuki", "Kashihara, Tairo", "Kaneda, Tomoya", "Takahashi, Kana", "Inaba, Koji", "Okuma, Kae", "Itami, Jun"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406902", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514683, "title": "Systematic review of the prevalence of current smoking among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in China: could nicotine be a therapeutic option?: Comment.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Rajput, Dinesh Vijay"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514683", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is a comment on the low prevalence of smokers in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, citing the possible role of squamous cell metaplasia, which is commonly associated with smokers."}, {"pmid": 32479113, "title": "Modeling compliance with COVID-19 prevention guidelines: the critical role of trust in science.", "journal": "Psychol Health Med", "authors": ["Plohl, Nejc", "Musil, Bojan"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479113", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus pandemic is one of the biggest health crises of our time. In response to this global problem, various institutions around the world had soon issued evidence-based prevention guidelines. However, these guidelines, which were designed to slow the spread of COVID-19 and contribute to public well-being, are (deliberately) disregarded by some individuals. In the present study, we aimed to develop and test a multivariate model that could help us identify individual characteristics that make a person more/less likely to comply with COVID-19 prevention guidelines. A total of 525 attentive participants completed the online survey. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) show that COVID-19 risk perception and trust in science both independently predict compliance with COVID-19 prevention guidelines, while the remaining variables in the model (political conservatism, religious orthodoxy, conspiracy ideation and intellectual curiosity) do so via the mediating role of trust in science. The described model exhibited an acceptable fit (\u03c72(1611)\u00a0=\u00a02485.84, p < .001, CFI\u00a0= .91, RMSEA\u00a0= .032, SRMR\u00a0= .055). These findings thus provide empirical support for the proposed multivariate model and underline the importance of trust in science in explaining the different levels of compliance with COVID-19 prevention guidelines."}, {"pmid": 32414966, "title": "In other Covid-19 news.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414966", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246403, "pmcid": "PMC7118308", "title": "The brain, another potential target organ, needs early protection from SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion.", "journal": "Sci China Life Sci", "authors": ["Li, Zhengqian", "Huang, Yuguang", "Guo, Xiangyang"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246403", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321540, "pmcid": "PMC7175817", "title": "COVID-19 and what pediatric rheumatologists should know: a review from a highly affected country.", "journal": "Pediatr Rheumatol Online J", "authors": ["Licciardi, Francesco", "Giani, Teresa", "Baldini, Letizia", "Favalli, Ennio Giulio", "Caporali, Roberto", "Cimaz, Rolando"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321540", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11th, 2020 the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. The infection, transmitted by 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCov), was first discovered in December 2019, in Wuhan, Hubei Province, and then rapidly spread worldwide. Italy was early and severely involved, with a critical spread of the infection and a very high number of victims. Person-to-person spread mainly occurs via respiratory droplets and contact. The median incubation period is 5\u2009days. The spectrum of respiratory symptoms may range from mild to severe, strictly depending on the age of the patient and the underlying comorbidities.In children COVID-19 related disease is less frequent and less aggressive. In Italy 1% of positive cases are under 18\u2009years of age, and no deaths have been recorded before 29\u2009years of age. For patients affected by rheumatic disease, despite the concerns related to the imbalance of their immune response and the effect of immunosuppressive treatments, there are still few data to understand the real consequences of this infection. Major scientific societies have issued recommendations to help rheumatologists in caring their patients. Interestingly, some of the drugs mostly used by rheumatologists appear to be promising in critical COVID-19 infected patients, where the hyperinflammation and cytokine storm seem to drive to the multiorgan failure.Pediatric rheumatologists are expected to play a supporting role in this new front of COVID-19 pandemic, both as general pediatricians treating infected children, and as rheumatologists taking care of their rheumatic patients, as well as offering their experience in the possible alternative use of immunomodulatory drugs."}, {"pmid": 32433291, "pmcid": "PMC7268824", "title": "Tracheobronchial Slough, a Potential Pathology in Endotracheal Tube Obstruction in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the Intensive Care Setting.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Rubano, Jerry A", "Jasinski, Patrick T", "Rutigliano, Daniel N", "Tassiopoulos, Apostolos K", "Davis, James E", "Beg, Tazeen", "Poovathoor, Shaji", "Bergese, Sergio D", "Ahmad, Sahar", "Jawa, Randeep S", "Vosswinkel, James A", "Talamini, Mark A"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433291", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ": Treatment of the COVID-19 critically ill patient requires oxygenation and ventilation support for prolonged periods which seem unique for viral pneumonia. The pathophysiology of COVID-19 critical illness is being revealed on a day to day basis at the frontlines of care in the intensive care unit with this new disease. High density consolidations in the bronchial tree and in the pulmonary parenchyma have been described in the advanced phase of the disease. Our team has observed impeded ventilation in intubated patients who are several days into the critical course due to what seems to be tissue sloughing with resultant endotracheal tube obstruction and the consequences thereof. Caregivers need to be aware of this pathological finding, recognize, and to treat this aspect of the COVID-19 critical illness course, which is becoming more prevalent."}, {"pmid": 32283117, "pmcid": "PMC7151543", "title": "In-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes among patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Shao, Fei", "Xu, Shuang", "Ma, Xuedi", "Xu, Zhouming", "Lyu, Jiayou", "Ng, Michael", "Cui, Hao", "Yu, Changxiao", "Zhang, Qing", "Sun, Peng", "Tang, Ziren"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283117", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe COVID-19 and in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) in Wuhan, China. The outcomes of patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia after IHCA over a 40-day period were retrospectively evaluated. Between January 15 and February 25, 2020, data for all cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) attempts for IHCA that occurred in a tertiary teaching hospital in Wuhan, China were collected according to the Utstein style. The primary outcome was restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and the secondary outcomes were 30-day survival, and neurological outcome. Data from 136 patients showed 119 (87.5%) patients had a respiratory cause for their cardiac arrest, and 113 (83.1%) were resuscitated in a general ward. The initial rhythm was asystole in 89.7%, pulseless electrical activity (PEA) in 4.4%, and shockable in 5.9%. Most patients with IHCA were monitored (93.4%) and in most resuscitation (89%) was initiated <1\u202fmin. The average length of hospital stay was 7 days and the time from illness onset to hospital admission was 10 days. The most frequent comorbidity was hypertension (30.2%), and the most frequent symptom was shortness of breath (75%). Of the patients receiving CPR, ROSC was achieved in 18 (13.2%) patients, 4 (2.9%) patients survived for at least 30 days, and one patient achieved a favourable neurological outcome at 30 days. Cardiac arrest location and initial rhythm were associated with better outcomes. Survival of patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia who had an in-hospital cardiac arrest was poor in Wuhan."}, {"pmid": 32405603, "pmcid": "PMC7217643", "title": "Manifestations and prognosis of gastrointestinal and liver involvement in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Mao, Ren", "Qiu, Yun", "He, Jin-Shen", "Tan, Jin-Yu", "Li, Xue-Hua", "Liang, Jie", "Shen, Jun", "Zhu, Liang-Ru", "Chen, Yan", "Iacucci, Marietta", "Ng, Siew C", "Ghosh, Subrata", "Chen, Min-Hu"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405603", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The prevalence and prognosis of digestive system involvement, including gastrointestinal symptoms and liver injury, in patients with COVID-19 remains largely unknown. We aimed to quantify the effects of COVID-19 on the digestive system. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for studies published between Jan 1, 2020, and April 4, 2020. The websites of WHO, CDC, and major journals were also searched. We included studies that reported the epidemiological and clinical features of COVID-19 and the prevalence of gastrointestinal findings in infected patients, and excluded preprints, duplicate publications, reviews, editorials, single case reports, studies pertaining to other coronavirus-related illnesses, and small case series (<10 cases). Extracted data included author; date; study design; country; patient demographics; number of participants in severe and non-severe disease groups; prevalence of clinical gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting, nausea, diarrhoea, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, and belching; and digestive system comorbidities including liver disease and gastrointestinal diseases. Raw data from studies were pooled to determine effect estimates. We analysed findings from 35 studies, including 6686 patients with COVID-19, that met inclusion criteria. 29 studies (n=6064) reported gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with COVID-19 at diagnosis, and the pooled prevalence of digestive system comorbidities was 4% (95% CI 2-5; range 0-15; I2=74%). The pooled prevalence of digestive symptoms was 15% (10-21; range: 2-57; I2=96%) with nausea or vomiting, diarrhoea, and loss of appetite being the three most common symptoms. The pooled prevalence of abnormal liver functions (12 studies, n=1267) was 19% (9-32; range 1-53; I2=96%). Subgroup analysis showed patients with severe COVID-19 had higher rates of gastrointestinal symptoms (odds ratio [OR] 1\u00b760 [95% CI 1\u00b709-2\u00b736]; p=0\u00b70020; I2=44%) and liver injury (2\u00b720 [1\u00b760-3\u00b702]; p<0\u00b700001; I2=36%) compared with those with non-severe disease. Patients in Hubei province, where the initial COVID-19 outbreak occurred, were more likely to present with abnormal liver functions (p<0\u00b70001) compared with those outside of Hubei. Paediatric patients with COVID-19 had a similar prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms to those of adult patients. 10% (95% CI 4-19; range 3-23; I2=97%) of patients presented with gastrointestinal symptoms alone without respiratory features. Patients who presented with gastrointestinal system involvement had delayed diagnosis (standardised mean difference 2\u00b785 [95% CI 0\u00b722-5\u00b748]; p=0\u00b7030; I2=73%). Patients with gastrointestinal involvement had a higher prevalence of complication (OR 2\u00b751 [95% CI 1\u00b762-3\u00b789]; p<0\u00b70001; I2=0%). Our study showed that digestive symptoms and liver injury are not uncommon in patients with COVID-19. Increased attention should be paid to the care of this unique group of patients. None."}, {"pmid": 32281754, "title": "[Managing patients in dialysis and with kidney transplant infected with Covid-19].", "journal": "G Ital Nefrol", "authors": ["Alberici, Federico", "Del Barba, Elisa", "Manenti, Chiara", "Econimo, Laura", "Valerio, Francesca", "Pola, Alessandra", "Maffei, Camilla", "Possenti, Stefano", "Gaggia, Paola", "Movilli, Ezio", "Bove, Sergio", "Malberti, Fabio", "Farina, Marco", "Bracchi, Martina", "Costantino, Ester Maria", "Bossini, Nicola", "Gaggiotti, Mario", "Scolari, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281754", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We are in the midst of a health emergency that is totally new for us all and that requires a concerted effort, especially when it comes to safeguarding patients on hemodialysis, and kidney transplant recipients. Brescia is currently a very active cluster of infections (2918 cases on the 17/03/2020), second only to Bergamo. The way our structure is organised has allowed us to treat nephropathic patients directly within the Nephrology Unit, following of course a great deal of reshuffling; at the moment, we are treating 21 transplanted patients and 17 on hemodialysis. This has led us to adopt a systematic approach to handling this emergency, not only in managing inpatients, but also in researching the new disease. Our approach is mirrored in the guidelines attached to this article, originally intended for internal use only but potentially very useful to our colleagues, as they face the same exact problems. We have also started collecting data on our positive patients with the aim of understanding better the functioning of this disease and how best to manage it. If anyone is interested, we ask you to please get in touch with us, so we can coordinate our efforts."}, {"pmid": 32456734, "title": "People with Intellectual Disabilities and the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Gulati, Gautam", "Fistein, Elizabeth", "Dunne, Colum P", "Kelly, Brendan D", "Murphy, Valerie E"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456734", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423338, "pmcid": "PMC7240316", "title": "Aerosolized Particle Reduction: A Novel Cadaveric Model and a Negative Airway Pressure Respirator (NAPR) System to Protect Health Care Workers From COVID-19.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Khoury, Tawfiq", "Lavergne, Pascal", "Chitguppi, Chandala", "Rabinowitz, Mindy", "Nyquist, Gurston", "Rosen, Marc", "Evans, James"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423338", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to identify escape of small-particle aerosols from a variety of masks using simulated breathing conditions. This study also aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a negative-pressure environment around the face in preventing the escape of small aerosolized particles. This study is an evaluation study with specific methodology described below. This study was performed in our institution's fresh tissue laboratory. A fixed cadaver head was placed in a controlled environment with a black background, and small-particle aerosols were created using joss incense sticks (mass-median aerosol diameter of 0.28 \u00b5). Smoke was passed through the cadaver head, and images were taken with a high-resolution camera in a standardized manner. Digital image processing was used to calculate relative amounts of small-particle escape from a variety of masks, including a standard surgical mask, a modified Ambu mask, and our negative airway pressure respirator (NAPR). Significant amounts of aerosolized particles escaped during the trials with no mask, a standard surgical mask, and the NAPR without suction. When suction was applied to the NAPR, creating a negative-pressure system, no particle escape was noted. We present a new and effective method for the study of small-particle aerosols as a step toward better understanding the spread of these particles and the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019. We also present the concept of an NAPR to better protect health care workers from aerosols generated from the upper and lower airways."}, {"pmid": 32269194, "title": "Pneumonia without Respiratory Symptoms.", "journal": "Intern Med", "authors": ["Ishikawa, Kazuhiro", "Uehara, Yuki", "Matsuo, Takahiro", "Mori, Nobuyoshi"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269194", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383431, "pmcid": "PMC7263537", "title": "Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Mitigation Steps Provide a Blueprint for Malaria Control and Elimination.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Rahi, Manju", "Das, Payal", "Sharma, Amit"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383431", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Most countries around the world have responded promptly to the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) challenge by adopting considered and scientifically guided strategies for its containment. However, the situation is more complex for nations where malaria is endemic, as they now have the additional burden of COVID-19. In such nations, the healthcare systems are either in the preparatory or containment phase of the current pandemic. This enforced, sudden, and sharp public health refocus is likely to result in the disruption of annual malaria control activities such as distribution of insecticide-impregnated bed nets, indoor residual spraying of insecticide, maintenance of malaria surveillance, and mass provision of antimalarial drugs. Nonetheless, we feel that the best facets of COVID-19 public health management can become new guiding principles in malaria-endemic countries to improve malaria control and hasten malaria elimination. Redirection against malaria of the best public health initiatives used in COVID-19 containment could fast-track the global goal of a malaria-free world. Such public health advancement could be one positive outcome from the scourge of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32339083, "pmcid": "PMC7233471", "title": "COVID-19 and chest CT: do not put the sensitivity value in the isolation room and look beyond the numbers.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Adams, Hugo J A", "Kwee, Thomas C", "Kwee, Robert M"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339083", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311142, "pmcid": "PMC7264791", "title": "Serological tests facilitate identification of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wu, Xiaodong", "Fu, Bo", "Chen, Lang", "Feng, Yong"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311142", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Wuhan City has ended the lockdown and people have been allowed to resume working since April 8 if meeting a set of COVID-19-associated tests including SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test (NAT) of nasopharyngeal swabs, chest CT scan or a SARS-CoV-2-specific serological test. Here, we reported the positive rate of COVID-19 tests based on NAT, chest CT scan and a serological SARS-CoV-2 test, from April 3 to 15 in one hospital in Qingshan Destrict, Wuhan. We observed a ~10% SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG positive rate from 1,402 tests. Combination of SARS-CoV-2 NAT and a specific serological test might facilitate the detection of COVID-19 infection, or the asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects. Large-scale investigation is required to evaluate the herd immunity of the city, for the resuming people and for the re-opened city. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32434338, "title": "COVID-19 from the perspective of an immunologist.", "journal": "Cas Lek Cesk", "authors": ["Strizova, Zuzana", "Milota, Tomas", "Bartunkova, Jirina"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434338", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 has a number of similarities to SARS and MERS diseases. Its highly contagious nature is particularly due to the rapid spread of the disease through asymptomatic individuals; however, the worlds most contagious infectious disease is still considered measles. Scientific data have revealed the interactions between COVID-19 and the immune system. These findings may contribute to the development of novel preventive and therapeutic approaches. Just as coronavirus itself the reports about the disease have massively spread through media and public contributing to overall public fear and stress. This promotion of non-scientific evidence and misinformation through social media might have also a devastating impact on the individuals immune system. Data regarding the mortality rates of COVID-19 have achieved unprecedented media and public engagements, however, the true facts about the disease prevention, immunomodulation and novel treatments are often left unsaid. We present the most recent facts about COVID-19 disease and its interactions with the immune system."}, {"pmid": 32393476, "title": "How GPs can contribute to the challenge of covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Green, Klaus"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393476", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269593, "pmcid": "PMC7137810", "title": "No evidence supports the use of ether and chloroform inhalation for treating COVID-19.", "journal": "Rev Panam Salud Publica", "authors": ["Martins-Filho, Paulo Ricardo", "Santos, Victor Santana"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269593", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32133153, "pmcid": "PMC7040011", "title": "Comparative genetic analysis of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2) receptor ACE2 in different populations.", "journal": "Cell Discov", "authors": ["Cao, Yanan", "Li, Lin", "Feng, Zhimin", "Wan, Shengqing", "Huang, Peide", "Sun, Xiaohui", "Wen, Fang", "Huang, Xuanlin", "Ning, Guang", "Wang, Weiqing"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32133153", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383809, "pmcid": "PMC7267277", "title": "Risk Factors for Mortality in 244 Older Adults With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A Retrospective Study.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Sun, Haiying", "Ning, Ruoqi", "Tao, Yu", "Yu, Chong", "Deng, Xiaoyan", "Zhao, Caili", "Meng, Silu", "Tang, Fangxu", "Xu, Dong"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383809", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Previous studies have reported that older patients may experience worse outcome(s) after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 than younger individuals. This study aimed to identify potential risk factors for mortality in older patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on admission, which may help identify those with poor prognosis at an early stage. Retrospective case-control. Fever ward of Sino-French New City Branch of Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China. Patients aged 60\u2009years or older with COVID-19 (n = 244) were included, of whom 123 were discharged and 121 died in hospital. Data retrieved from electronic medical records regarding symptoms, signs, and laboratory findings on admission, and final outcomes of all older patients with COVID-19, were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore risk factors for death. Univariate analysis revealed that several clinical characteristics and laboratory variables were significantly different (ie, P\u2009<\u2009.05) between discharged and deceased patients. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that lymphocyte (LYM) count (odds ratio [OR] =\u20090.009; 95% confidence interval [CI] =\u20090.001-0.138; P = .001) and older age (OR = 1.122; 95% CI = 1.007-1.249; P = .037) were independently associated with hospital mortality. White blood cell count was also an important risk factor (P = .052). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in the logistic regression model was 0.913. Risk factors for in-hospital death were similar between older men and women. Older age and lower LYM count on admission were associated with death in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Stringent monitoring and early intervention are needed to reduce mortality in these patients."}, {"pmid": 32281695, "pmcid": "PMC7262065", "title": "Existing bitter medicines for fighting 2019-nCoV-associated infectious diseases.", "journal": "FASEB J", "authors": ["Li, Xiangqi", "Zhang, Chaobao", "Liu, Lianyong", "Gu, Mingjun"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281695", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 has led to more than seven thousand deaths. Unfortunately, there are no specific drugs available to cure this disease. Type 2 taste receptors (TAS2Rs) may play an important role in host defense mechanisms. Based on the idea of host-directed therapy (HDT), we performed a negative co-expression analysis using big data of 60\u00a0000 Affymetrix expression arrays and 5000 TCGA data sets to determine the functions of TAS2R10, which can be activated by numerous bitter substances. Excitingly, we found that the main functions of TAS2R10 involved controlling infectious diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, and parasites, suggesting that TAS2R10 is a key trigger of host defense pathways. To quickly guide the clinical treatment of 2019-nCoV, we searched currently available drugs that are agonists of TAS2Rs. We identified many cheap, available, and safe medicines, such as diphenidol, quinine, chloroquine, artemisinin, chlorpheniramine, yohimbine, and dextromethorphan, which may target the most common symptoms caused by 2019-nCoV. We suggest that a cocktail-like recipe of existing bitter drugs may help doctors to fight this catastrophic disease and that the general public may drink or eat bitter substances, such as coffee, tea, or bitter vegetables, to reduce the risk of infection."}, {"pmid": 32246783, "pmcid": "PMC7228344", "title": "Response to Commentary on \"The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients\".", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Li, Yan-Chao", "Bai, Wan-Zhu", "Hashikawa, Tsutomu"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246783", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a recent review, we have suggested a neuroinvasive potential of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its possible role in the causation of acute respiratory failure of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients (J Med Viol doi: 10.1002/jmv.25728), based upon the clinical and experimental data available on the past SARS-CoV-1 and the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In this article, we provide new evidence\u00a0recently reported regarding the neurotropic potential of SARS-CoV-2 and respond to several comments on our previously published article. In addition, we also discuss the peculiar manifestations of respiratory failure in COVID-19 patients and the possible involvement of nervous system."}, {"pmid": 32451979, "pmcid": "PMC7247917", "title": "The Italian NHS: What Lessons to Draw from COVID-19?", "journal": "Appl Health Econ Health Policy", "authors": ["Garattini, Livio", "Zanetti, Michele", "Freemantle, Nicholas"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451979", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32256547, "pmcid": "PMC7105280", "title": "Clinical trials on drug repositioning for COVID-19 treatment.", "journal": "Rev Panam Salud Publica", "authors": ["Rosa, Sandro G Viveiros", "Santos, Wilson C"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32256547", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) was informed on December 2019 about a coronavirus pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, Hubei province (China). Subsequently, on March 12, 2020, 125,048 cases and 4,614 deaths were reported. Coronavirus is an enveloped RNA virus, from the genus Betacoronavirus, that is distributed in birds, humans, and other mammals. WHO has named the novel coronavirus disease as COVID-19. More than 80 clinical trials have been launched to test coronavirus treatment, including some drug repurposing or repositioning for COVID-19. Hence, we performed a search in March 2020 of the clinicaltrials.gov database. The eligibility criteria for the retrieved studies were: contain a clinicaltrials.gov base identifier number; describe the number of participants and the period for the study; describe the participants' clinical conditions; and utilize interventions with medicines already studied or approved for any other disease in patients infected with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV). It is essential to emphasize that this article only captured trials listed in the clinicaltrials.gov database. We identified 24 clinical trials, involving more than 20 medicines, such as human immunoglobulin, interferons, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, arbidol, remdesivir, favipiravir, lopinavir, ritonavir, oseltamivir, methylprednisolone, bevacizumab, and traditional Chinese medicines (TCM). Although drug repurposing has some limitations, repositioning clinical trials may represent an attractive strategy because they facilitate the discovery of new classes of medicines; they have lower costs and take less time to reach the market; and there are existing pharmaceutical supply chains for formulation and distribution."}, {"pmid": 32406269, "pmcid": "PMC7231904", "title": "Is Samoa Prepared for an Outbreak of COVID-19?", "journal": "Asia Pac J Public Health", "authors": ["Olayemi, Lawal Olatunde", "Boodoosingh, Ramona", "Amosa-Lei Sam, Filipina"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406269", "countries": ["Samoa"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global pandemic of COVID-19 poses a public health danger to the Pacific island countries. Due to the imminent threat of the SARS-COV-2, the World Health Organization in collaboration with other regional stakeholders had initiated a joint task force on epidemic preparedness and management. Since Samoa is a tourism destination in the south pacific, it is highly prone to an outbreak of COVID-19 if stringent public health measures and regulations are not enforced. This article, thus, highlights different opinions and various stand points regarding epidemic preparedness and emergency response in case there is an outbreak of COVID-19 in Samoa."}, {"pmid": 32298412, "pmcid": "PMC7179996", "title": "Estimating the Maximum Capacity of COVID-19 Cases Manageable per Day Given a Health Care System's Constrained Resources.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Giannakeas, Vasily", "Bhatia, Deepit", "Warkentin, Matthew T", "Bogoch, Isaac I", "Stall, Nathan M"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298412", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355394, "pmcid": "PMC7190477", "title": "[COVID-19 and cardiogenic shock. Different cardiovascular presentations with high mortality].", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol", "authors": ["Sanchez-Recalde, Angel", "Solano-Lopez, Jorge", "Miguelena-Hycka, Javier", "Martin-Pinacho, Jesus Javier", "Sanmartin, Marcelo", "Zamorano, Jose L"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355394", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433294, "pmcid": "PMC7268844", "title": "COVID-19 & the Residency Match: The Added Importance of Mentoring.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Rodoni, Bridger M", "Eyrich, Nicholas W", "Fessell, David P"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433294", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327217, "pmcid": "PMC7166300", "title": "COVID-19 and hearing difficulties.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Trecca, Eleonora M C", "Gelardi, Matteo", "Cassano, Michele"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327217", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497459, "title": "Acidified Sodium Chlorite Solution: A Potential Prophylaxis to Mitigate Impact of Multiple Exposures to COVID-19 in Frontline Healthcare Providers.", "journal": "Hosp Pract (1995)", "authors": ["Karnik-Henry, Meghana S"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497459", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Limited availability of personal protective equipment is endangering first-line healthcare providers treating patients with presumed or confirmed COVID-19 infections. This editorial has multiple objectives in regard to this reality: First, to raise awareness of the need for safe and effective prophylaxis to protect health care providers with insufficient personal protective equipment from repeated exposures to COVID-19. Second, to summarize the scientific evidence in support of solutions of acidified sodium chlorite (ASC) and its daughter compounds, chlorous acid and chlorine dioxide as potential targets for said prophylactic use. Third, to propose a regimented protocol using commercially available solutions of ASC having sufficient concentrations of chlorine dioxide for virucidal activity to support safe and effective prophylactic use. And fourth, to raise awareness of, and compare, other potential prophylactic options currently under investigation."}, {"pmid": 32308195, "pmcid": "PMC7170649", "title": "Improving on legacy conferences by moving online.", "journal": "Elife", "authors": ["Achakulvisut, Titipat", "Ruangrong, Tulakan", "Bilgin, Isil", "Van Den Bossche, Sofie", "Wyble, Brad", "Goodman, Dan Fm", "Kording, Konrad P"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308195", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Scientific conferences and meetings have an important role in research, but they also suffer from a number of disadvantages: in particular, they can have a massive carbon footprint, they are time-consuming, and the high costs involved in attending can exclude many potential participants. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the cancellation of many conferences, forcing the scientific community to explore online alternatives. Here, we report on our experiences of organizing an online neuroscience conference, neuromatch, that attracted some 3000 participants and featured two days of talks, debates, panel discussions, and one-on-one meetings facilitated by a matching algorithm. By offering most of the benefits of traditional conferences, several clear advantages, and with fewer of the downsides, we feel that online conferences have the potential to replace many legacy conferences."}, {"pmid": 32156330, "pmcid": "PMC7068163", "title": "Rapid establishment of laboratory diagnostics for the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in Bavaria, Germany, February 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Konrad, Regina", "Eberle, Ute", "Dangel, Alexandra", "Treis, Bianca", "Berger, Anja", "Bengs, Katja", "Fingerle, Volker", "Liebl, Bernhard", "Ackermann, Nikolaus", "Sing, Andreas"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32156330", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The need for timely establishment of diagnostic assays arose when Germany was confronted with the first travel-associated outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Europe. We describe our laboratory experiences during a large contact tracing investigation, comparing previously published real-time RT-PCR assays in different PCR systems and a commercial kit. We found that assay performance using the same primers and probes with different PCR systems varied and the commercial kit performed well."}, {"pmid": 32371436, "title": "Partha Kar: Covid-19 and ethnicity-why are all our angels white?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Kar, Partha"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371436", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417247, "pmcid": "PMC7224658", "title": "The relationship between trends in COVID-19 prevalence and traffic levels in South Korea.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lee, Hocheol", "Park, Sung Jong", "Lee, Ga Ram", "Kim, Ji Eon", "Lee, Ji Ho", "Jung, Yeseul", "Nam, Eun Woo"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417247", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) declared a COVID-19 pandemic on March 12, 2020. Several studies have indicated that densely populated urban environments and the heavy dependence on traffic could increase the potential spread of COVID-19. This study investigated the association between changes in traffic volume and the spread of COVID-19 in South Korea. This study analyzed the daily national traffic and traffic trend for 3 months from January 1, 2020. Traffic data were measured using 6307 vehicle detection system (VDS). This study analyzed the difference in traffic levels between 2019 and 2020. Non-linear regression was performed to analyze the change in traffic trend in 2020. The relationship between traffic and confirmed COVID-19 cases was analyzed using single linear regression. The mean daily nationwide level of traffic for the first 3 months of 2020 was 143 655 563 vehicles, which was 9.7% lower than the same period in 2019 (159 044 566 vehicles). All regions showed a decreasing trend in traffic in February, which shifted to an increasing trend from March. In Incheon there was a positive, but insignificant, linear relationship between increasing numbers of newly confirmed cases and increasing traffic (\u03b2 = 43 146; p = 0.056). Numbers of newly confirmed COVID-19 patients have been decreasing since March, while the traffic has been increasing. The fact that traffic is increasing indicates greater contact between people, which in turn increases the risk of further COVID-19 spread. Therefore, the government will need to devise suitable policies, such as total social distancing."}, {"pmid": 32361996, "pmcid": "PMC7267331", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic and symptomatic patients and risk for transfusion transmission.", "journal": "Transfusion", "authors": ["Corman, Victor M", "Rabenau, Holger F", "Adams, Ortwin", "Oberle, Doris", "Funk, Markus B", "Keller-Stanislawski, Brigitte", "Timm, Jorg", "Drosten, Christian", "Ciesek, Sandra"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361996", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Oral swabs, sputum, and blood samples from 18 asymptomatic and symptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were examined using RT-PCR testing in order to assess the risk of transfusion-related transmission. In asymptomatic patients as well as patients with flu-like symptoms and fever, no SARS-CoV-2 RNA could be detected in the blood or serum despite a clearly positive result in all throat swabs. As patients with symptoms of infectious disease will not be admitted to blood donation, the risk for transfusion transmission of SARS-CoV-2 seems to be negligible."}, {"pmid": 32096396, "title": "[Surgical treatment strategy for digestive system malignancies during the outbreak of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi", "authors": ["Ma, F H", "Hu, H T", "Tian, Y T"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32096396", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 occurred in Wuhan, Hubei province of China, at the end of 2019, and spread rapidly across the country. After the outbreak of this disease, the overwhelming majority of cities have launched the \"first level response\" and the regular diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients are greatly affected. The digestive systemic cancer is the most common malignancy. Most patients are diagnosed in the advanced stage with poor prognosis. The epidemic of COVID-19 poses new challenges to diagnosis and treatment of the patients with digestive system malignancies. Based on the fully understanding of the characteristics of digestive system tumors, we should change the treatment strategy and adopt more reasonable treatment strategy timely during the epidemic period to minimize the adverse effects of the epidemic of COVID-19 on the treatment."}, {"pmid": 32365275, "title": "Obesity accompanying COVID-19: the role of epicardial fat.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Zhao, Lei"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365275", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With interest we read the study by Simonnet A et al. (1) in which important novel evidence is addressed that obesity is highly frequent among critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-Cov-2) infection. Although clinically very relevant, it remains difficult to elucidate the mechanisms by which SARS-Cov-2 severity is increased in the context of obesity. As reported by Katz JN et al. (2), 28% of hospitalised patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presented cardiac complications including myocarditis, arrhythmias, heart failure (HF) and sudden death. Considering that myocardial response in COVID-19 is closely associated with in-hospital mortality, local biological effects on myocardial tissue from epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is warrant further discussion."}, {"pmid": 32475810, "title": "The role of biomarkers in diagnosis of COVID-19 - A systematic review.", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Kermali, Muhammed", "Khalsa, Raveena Kaur", "Pillai, Kiran", "Ismail, Zahra", "Harky, Amer"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475810", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of the 28th April 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has infiltrated over 200 countries and affected over three million confirmed people. We review different biomarkers to evaluate if they are able to predict clinical outcomes and correlate with the severity of COVID-19 disease. A systematic review of the literature was carried out to identify relevant articles using six different databases. Keywords to refine the search included 'COVID-19', 'SARS-CoV2', 'Biomarkers', among others. Only studies which reported data on pre-defined outcomes were included. Thirty-four relevant articles were identified which reviewed the following biomarkers: C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, interleukin-6, lactate dehydrogenase, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, D-dimer, cardiac troponin, renal biomarkers, lymphocytes and platelet count. Of these, all but two, showed significantly higher levels in patients with severe complications of COVID-19 infection compared to their non-severe counterparts. Lymphocytes and platelet count showed significantly lower levels in severe patients compared to non-severe patients. Although research is still in its early stages, the discovery of how different biomarkers behave during the course of the disease could help clinicians in identifying severe disease earlier and subsequently improve prognosis. Nevertheless, we urge for more research across the globe to corroborate these findings."}, {"pmid": 32356302, "pmcid": "PMC7267570", "title": "Antenatal corticosteroid therapy and COVID-19: Pathophysiological considerations.", "journal": "Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand", "authors": ["Sichitiu, Joanna", "Fakhouri, Fadi", "Desseauve, David"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356302", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217113, "pmcid": "PMC7270569", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and pregnancy.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Dashraath, Pradip", "Wong, Jing Lin Jeslyn", "Lim, Mei Xian Karen", "Lim, Li Min", "Li, Sarah", "Biswas, Arijit", "Choolani, Mahesh", "Mattar, Citra", "Su, Lin Lin"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217113", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading globally at an accelerated rate, with a basic reproduction number (R0) of 2-2.5, indicating that 2-3 persons will be infected from an index patient. A serious public health emergency, it is particularly deadly in vulnerable populations and communities in which healthcare providers are insufficiently prepared to manage the infection. As of March 16, 2020, there are more than 180,000 confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide, with more than 7000 related deaths. The SARS-CoV-2 virus has been isolated from asymptomatic individuals, and affected patients continue to be infectious 2 weeks after cessation of symptoms. The substantial morbidity and socioeconomic impact have necessitated drastic measures across all continents, including nationwide lockdowns and border closures. Pregnant women and their fetuses represent a high-risk population during infectious disease outbreaks. To date, the outcomes of 55 pregnant women infected with COVID-19 and 46 neonates have been reported in the literature, with no definite evidence of vertical transmission. Physiological and mechanical changes in pregnancy increase susceptibility to infections in general, particularly when the cardiorespiratory system is affected, and encourage rapid progression to respiratory failure in the gravida. Furthermore, the pregnancy bias toward T-helper 2 (Th2) system dominance, which protects the fetus, leaves the mother vulnerable to viral infections, which are more effectively contained by the Th1 system. These unique challenges mandate an integrated approach to pregnancies affected by SARS-CoV-2. Here we present a review of COVID-19 in pregnancy, bringing together the various factors integral to the understanding of pathophysiology and susceptibility, diagnostic challenges with real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays, therapeutic controversies, intrauterine transmission, and maternal-fetal complications. We discuss the latest options in antiviral therapy and vaccine development, including the novel use of chloroquine in the management of COVID-19. Fetal surveillance, in view of the predisposition to growth restriction and special considerations during labor and delivery, is addressed. In addition, we focus on keeping frontline obstetric care providers safe while continuing to provide essential services. Our clinical service model is built around the principles of workplace segregation, responsible social distancing, containment of cross-infection to healthcare providers, judicious use of personal protective equipment, and telemedicine. Our aim is to share a framework that can be adopted by tertiary maternity units managing pregnant women in the flux of a pandemic while maintaining the safety of the patient and healthcare provider at its core."}, {"pmid": 32450413, "pmcid": "PMC7214277", "title": "Online Balint groups in healthcare workers caring for the COVID-19 patients in Iran.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Kiani Dehkordi, Mansoureh", "Sakhi, Shahin", "Gholamzad, Shakiba", "Azizpour, Mohammad", "Shahini, Najmeh"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450413", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511113, "title": "Uninterrupted anesthesia support and technique adaptations for patients presenting for electroconvulsive therapy during the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "J ECT", "authors": ["Thiruvenkatarajan, Venkatesan", "Dharmalingam, Ashok", "Armstrong-Brown, Allysan", "Weiss, Alan", "Waite, Susan", "Van Wijk, Roelof"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511113", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320693, "pmcid": "PMC7167564", "title": "An Atypical Presentation of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Am J Med", "authors": ["Singhania, Namrata", "Bansal, Saurabh", "Singhania, Girish"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320693", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388480, "pmcid": "PMC7199679", "title": "Can beta-adrenergic blockers be used in the treatment of COVID-19?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Vasanthakumar, Natesan"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388480", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344679, "pmcid": "PMC7230578", "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comprehensive Review of Taxonomy, Genetics, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Helmy, Yosra A", "Fawzy, Mohamed", "Elaswad, Ahmed", "Sobieh, Ahmed", "Kenney, Scott P", "Shehata, Awad A"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344679", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A pneumonia outbreak with unknown etiology was reported in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, in December 2019, associated with the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market. The causative agent of the outbreak was identified by the WHO as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), producing the disease named coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The virus is closely related (96.3%) to bat coronavirus RaTG13, based on phylogenetic analysis. Human-to-human transmission has been confirmed even from asymptomatic carriers. The virus has spread to at least 200 countries, and more than 1,700,000 confirmed cases and 111,600 deaths have been recorded, with massive global increases in the number of cases daily. Therefore, the WHO has declared COVID-19 a pandemic. The disease is characterized by fever, dry cough, and chest pain with pneumonia in severe cases. In the beginning, the world public health authorities tried to eradicate the disease in China through quarantine but are now transitioning to prevention strategies worldwide to delay its spread. To date, there are no available vaccines or specific therapeutic drugs to treat the virus. There are many knowledge gaps about the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2, leading to misinformation. Therefore, in this review, we provide recent information about the COVID-19 pandemic. This review also provides insights for the control of pathogenic infections in humans such as SARS-CoV-2 infection and future spillovers."}, {"pmid": 32054787, "pmcid": "PMC7104368", "title": "Prophylactic and therapeutic remdesivir (GS-5734) treatment in the rhesus macaque model of MERS-CoV infection.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["de Wit, Emmie", "Feldmann, Friederike", "Cronin, Jacqueline", "Jordan, Robert", "Okumura, Atsushi", "Thomas, Tina", "Scott, Dana", "Cihlar, Tomas", "Feldmann, Heinz"], "date": "2020-02-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32054787", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The continued emergence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) cases with a high case fatality rate stresses the need for the availability of effective antiviral treatments. Remdesivir (GS-5734) effectively inhibited MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) replication in vitro, and showed efficacy against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-CoV in a mouse model. Here, we tested the efficacy of prophylactic and therapeutic remdesivir treatment in a nonhuman primate model of MERS-CoV infection, the rhesus macaque. Prophylactic remdesivir treatment initiated 24 h prior to inoculation completely prevented MERS-CoV-induced clinical disease, strongly inhibited MERS-CoV replication in respiratory tissues, and prevented the formation of lung lesions. Therapeutic remdesivir treatment initiated 12 h postinoculation also provided a clear clinical benefit, with a reduction in clinical signs, reduced virus replication in the lungs, and decreased presence and severity of lung lesions. The data presented here support testing of the efficacy of remdesivir treatment in the context of a MERS clinical trial. It may also be considered for a wider range of coronaviruses, including the currently emerging novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32495848, "title": "Editorial - Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir as a combination with strong potential activity against SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19) infection: how to use direct-acting antivirals as broad-spectrum antiviral agents.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Izzi, A", "Messina, V", "Rinaldi, L", "Maggi, P"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495848", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421292, "title": "The 5% of the Population at High Risk for Severe COVID-19 Infection Is Identifiable and Needs to Be Taken Into Account When Reopening the Economy.", "journal": "J Psychiatr Pract", "authors": ["Preskorn, Sheldon H"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421292", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The goal of this column is to help mental health care professionals understand coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) so that they can better explain the complexities of the current crisis to their patients. The bottom-line of this column is that, while COVID-19 can infect virtually everyone in the human population, only about 5% are susceptible to severe infection requiring admission to an intensive care unit and/or causing a fatal outcome and this population can be identified on the basis of comorbid medical illness and/or age. These numbers are based on experience in China, the United States, and Europe. Table 1 presents an analysis conducted by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which is further supported by several other sources reviewed in the article. The population at risk for severe infection are individuals with comorbid medical illness and those 85 years of age and older. The comorbid medical illnesses identified as risk factors are preexisting respiratory and cardiovascular disease, immunocompromised status, morbid obesity (ie, body mass index \u226540), diabetes mellitus, and possibly significant kidney or liver impairment. Parenthetically, news reports and the literature sometimes cite age 60 years and older as a risk factor but age between 60 and 85 years is likely a surrogate for having 1 or more of these comorbid medical conditions. While 5% may initially seem like a small number, it nevertheless potentially represents 16.5 million people, given the United States population of 330 million. That is a tremendous number of people requiring intensive care unit admission and/or potentially dying, and individuals in this population have overwhelmed the US health care system in some hotspots. For this reason, this column suggests taking this at-risk population into account in mitigation strategies when attempting to open the US economy. The column addresses the following questions: (1) What are the 3 aspects of the race to minimize the damage caused by COVID-19? (2) What data are currently available to help guide decisions to be made? (3) What strategies have been employed to date and how successful have they been? and (4) Might risk stratification of exposure be a viable strategy to minimize the damage caused by the virus? The race to minimize the damage caused by COVID-19 requires that we obtain knowledge about the disease and its treatment or prevention, how to best safeguard public health and avoid overwhelming the health care system, and how to minimize the societal damage caused by substantial disruption of the economy. Data gathered over the past 4 months since the COVID-19 virus emerged as a human pathogen have provided guidance for our decisions going forward. The most widely adopted strategies for dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic to date have involved the epidemiological approach of encouraging good hygiene practices and social distancing, including orders to \"shelter in place,\" quarantine of high-risk individuals, and isolation of infected individuals. The goal of this epidemiological approach has been to \"flatten the curve\" by reducing the height of the peak of the infection to avoid overwhelming the health care system and society in general, while buying time to learn more about the disease and find more effective ways to deal with it. However, now that more is known about COVID-19 and the portion of the population that is most at risk for serious adverse outcomes including death, it may be possible to move from a shelter-in-place approach for the entire population to focus on those at most risk and thus facilitate a gradual and rational phased reduction of social restrictions to reopen the economy. Such a graduated opening would be based on regions of countries meeting specific criteria in terms of being able to contain the virus, coupled with vigorous monitoring to look for outbreaks, followed by case monitoring, isolation of infected individuals and quarantine of exposed individuals, and increased use of testing for active disease as well as for immunity. Taking the data on high-risk individuals into account would allow for a gradual lifting of restrictions on the majority of the population while maintaining more stringent safeguards to protect the vulnerable portion of the population. Nevertheless, the entire population would need to continue to practice good hygiene and social distancing while simultaneously-and perhaps even more vigorously-focusing on sheltering the vulnerable population until adequate community immunity has been achieved to prevent the spread of the virus, whether that is accomplished through natural exposure alone or with the addition of safe and effective vaccine(s) which may not be available for a year. Continued widespread testing for antibodies will help determine how far or close this country is-and other countries are-from developing effective community immunity."}, {"pmid": 32205162, "pmcid": "PMC7118420", "title": "Rapid response to COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Italy: how to convert a classic infectious disease ward into a COVID-19 response centre.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Asperges, E", "Novati, S", "Muzzi, A", "Biscarini, S", "Sciarra, M", "Lupi, M", "Sambo, M", "Gallazzi, I", "Peverini, M", "Lago, P", "Mojoli, F", "Perlini, S", "Bruno, R"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205162", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515338, "title": "[Betydningen af COVID-19 i forbindelse med kirurgi].", "journal": "Ugeskr Laeger", "authors": ["Gogenur, Ismail", "Holmich, Per"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515338", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436675, "title": "Expanding coverage for essential care during COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Manag Care", "authors": ["Fendrick, A Mark", "Shrosbree, Beth"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436675", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic will exacerbate the financial situations of the millions of Americans who struggle to afford their medical care, but policy solutions are available to quickly mitigate this problem."}, {"pmid": 32479798, "pmcid": "PMC7250786", "title": "Burnout and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: Intersection, Impact, and Interventions.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Restauri, Nicole", "Sheridan, Alison D"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479798", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has presented myriad challenges to an underprepared health care system. Health care providers are facing unprecedented acute workplace stress compounded by a high baseline rate of physician burnout. This article discusses the relationship between acute stress disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and burnout through a literature review focusing on the mental health impact on health care providers after prior epidemics and natural disasters. We offer both a framework for understanding the mental health impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic on physicians and other health care providers while proposing a systems based model to respond to these challenges."}, {"pmid": 32416947, "pmcid": "PMC7158767", "title": "Covid-19 pandemic and digital transformation in critical care units.", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Murillo-Cabezas, Francisco", "Vigil-Martin, Eduardo", "Raimondi, Nestor", "Perez-Fernandez, Javier"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416947", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291278, "pmcid": "PMC7164482", "title": "Projecting the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 through the postpandemic period.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Kissler, Stephen M", "Tedijanto, Christine", "Goldstein, Edward", "Grad, Yonatan H", "Lipsitch, Marc"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291278", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It is urgent to understand the future of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission. We used estimates of seasonality, immunity, and cross-immunity for human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) and HCoV-HKU1 using time-series data from the United States to inform a model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. We projected that recurrent wintertime outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 will probably occur after the initial, most severe pandemic wave. Absent other interventions, a key metric for the success of social distancing is whether critical care capacities are exceeded. To avoid this, prolonged or intermittent social distancing may be necessary into 2022. Additional interventions, including expanded critical care capacity and an effective therapeutic, would improve the success of intermittent distancing and hasten the acquisition of herd immunity. Longitudinal serological studies are urgently needed to determine the extent and duration of immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Even in the event of apparent elimination, SARS-CoV-2 surveillance should be maintained because a resurgence in contagion could be possible as late as 2024."}, {"pmid": 32360293, "pmcid": "PMC7162760", "title": "Endothelin receptor antagonists for pulmonary arterial hypertension and COVID-19: Friend or foe?", "journal": "J Heart Lung Transplant", "authors": ["Badagliacca, Roberto", "Sciomer, Susanna", "Petrosillo, Nicola"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360293", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311040, "pmcid": "PMC7188129", "title": "COVID-19: Health prevention and control in non-healthcare settings.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Belingheri, Michael", "Paladino, Maria Emilia", "Riva, Michele Augusto"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311040", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402796, "pmcid": "PMC7177075", "title": "Coping With the COVID-19 Crisis: A Call for Youth Engagement and the Inclusion of Young People in Matters That Affect Their Lives.", "journal": "J Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Efuribe, Chinwe", "Barre-Hemingway, Madisen", "Vaghefi, Evangelina", "Suleiman, Ahna Ballonoff"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402796", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391746, "pmcid": "PMC7248595", "title": "Containment of COVID-19 cases among healthcare workers: The role of surveillance, early detection, and outbreak management.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Wee, Liang En", "Sim, Xiang Ying Jean", "Conceicao, Edwin Philip", "Aung, May Kyawt", "Goh, Jia Qing", "Yeo, Dennis Wu Ting", "Gan, Wee Hoe", "Chua, Ying Ying", "Wijaya, Limin", "Tan, Thuan Tong", "Tan, Ban Hock", "Ling, Moi Lin", "Venkatachalam, Indumathi"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391746", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Staff surveillance is crucial during the containment phase of a pandemic to help reduce potential healthcare-associated transmission and sustain good staff morale. During an outbreak of SARS-COV-2 with community transmission, our institution used an integrated strategy for early detection and containment of COVID-19 cases among healthcare workers (HCWs). Our strategy comprised 3 key components: (1) enforcing reporting of HCWs with acute respiratory illness (ARI) to our institution's staff clinic for monitoring; (2) conducting ongoing syndromic surveillance to obtain early warning of potential clusters of COVID-19; and (3) outbreak investigation and management. Over a 16-week surveillance period, we detected 14 cases of COVID-19 among HCWs with ARI symptoms. Two of the cases were linked epidemiologically and thus constituted a COVID-19 cluster with intrahospital HCW-HCW transmission; we also detected 1 family cluster and 2 clusters among HCWs who shared accommodation. No transmission to HCWs or patients was detected after containment measures were instituted. Early detection minimized the number of HCWs requiring quarantine, hence preserving continuity of service during an ongoing pandemic. An integrated surveillance strategy, outbreak management, and encouraging individual responsibility were successful in early detection of clusters of COVID-19 among HCWs. With ongoing local transmission, vigilance must be maintained for intrahospital spread in nonclinical areas where social mingling of HCWs occurs. Because most individuals with COVID-19 have mild symptoms, addressing presenteeism is crucial to minimize potential staff and patient exposure."}, {"pmid": 32423976, "title": "Covid-19: \"Unacceptable\" that antibody test claims cannot be scrutinised, say experts.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423976", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441996, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: Ethical and Scientific Imperatives for \"Natural\" Experiments.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Erren, Thomas C", "Lewis, Philip", "Shaw, David M"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441996", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423368, "pmcid": "PMC7240317", "title": "Factors Associated With Intubation and Prolonged Intubation in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Hur, Kevin", "Price, Caroline P E", "Gray, Elizabeth L", "Gulati, Reeti K", "Maksimoski, Matthew", "Racette, Samuel D", "Schneider, Alexander L", "Khanwalkar, Ashoke R"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423368", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To identify risk factors associated with intubation and time to extubation in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Retrospective observational study. Ten hospitals in the Chicago metropolitan area. Patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted between March 1 and April 8, 2020, were included. We evaluated sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with intubation and prolonged intubation for acute respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19 infection. Of the 486 hospitalized patients included in the study, the median age was 59 years (interquartile range, 47-69); 271 (55.8%) were male; and the median body mass index was 30.6 (interquartile range, 26.5-35.6). During the hospitalization, 138 (28.4%) patients were intubated; 78 (56.5%) were eventually extubated; 21 (15.2%) died; and 39 (28.3%) remained intubated at a mean \u00b1 SD follow-up of 19.6 \u00b1 6.7 days. Intubated patients had a significantly higher median age (65 vs 57 years, P < .001) and rate of diabetes (56 [40.6%] vs 104 [29.9%], P = .031) as compared with nonintubated patients. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified age, sex, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, history of diabetes, and shortness of breath as factors predictive of intubation. Age and body mass index were the only factors independently associated with time to extubation. In addition to clinical signs of respiratory distress, patients with COVID-19 who are older, male, or diabetic are at higher risk of requiring intubation. Among intubated patients, older and more obese patients are at higher risk for prolonged intubation. Otolaryngologists consulted for airway management should consider these factors in their decision making."}, {"pmid": 32130405, "pmcid": "PMC7108124", "title": "2019 novel coronavirus is undergoing active recombination.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Yi, Huiguang"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32130405", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434373, "title": "Urgent Pacemaker Implantation Rates in the Veneto Region of Italy after the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol", "authors": ["Migliore, Federico", "Zorzi, Alessandro", "Gregori, Dario", "Del Monte, Alvise", "Falzone, Pasquale Valerio", "Verlato, Roberto", "Siciliano, Mariachiara", "Themistoclakis, Sakis", "China, Paolo", "Marchese, Domenico", "Pasquetto, Giampaolo", "Ignatiuk, Barabara", "Cernetti, Carlo", "Giacomin, Enrico", "Calzolari, Vittorio", "Bilato, Claudio", "Dalla Valle, Chiara", "Frigo, Gianfranco Mario", "Marinaccio, Leonardo", "Sacca, Salvatore", "Lupo, Antonio", "Roncon, Loris", "Marcantoni, Lina", "Tosi, Alberto", "Turiano, Giovanni", "Folino, Franco", "Perazzolo Marra, Martina", "Cacciavillani, Luisa", "Iliceto, Sabino"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434373", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32205334, "title": "Covid-19: identifying and isolating asymptomatic people helped eliminate virus in Italian village.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Day, Michael"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205334", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410824, "pmcid": "PMC7221375", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) during chemoradiation for locally advanced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LA-OPSCC).", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Nerina, Denaro", "Anna Maria, Merlotti", "Marco Carlo, Merlano", "Russi, Elvio"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410824", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506548, "title": "Teledermatology during COVID 19 pandemic: ethical and legal considerations about the principles of treatment prescription and privacy.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Elmas, Omer Faruk", "Demirbas, Abdullah", "Atasoy, Mustafa", "Tursen, Umit", "Lotti, Torello"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506548", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371550, "pmcid": "PMC7217655", "title": "COVID-19 infection in a patient with multiple sclerosis treated with fingolimod.", "journal": "Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm", "authors": ["Barzegar, Mahdi", "Mirmosayyeb, Omid", "Nehzat, Nasim", "Sarrafi, Reza", "Khorvash, Farzin", "Maghzi, Amir-Hadi", "Shaygannejad, Vahid"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371550", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373322, "pmcid": "PMC7183245", "title": "Fighting COVID-19 with water.", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Lauc, Gordan", "Markotic, Alemka", "Gornik, Ivan", "Primorac, Dragan"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373322", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527864, "title": "Response to: 'Telerheumatology in COVID-19 era: a study from a psoriatic arthritis cohort' by Costa et al.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Gupta, Latika", "Misra, Durga Prasanna", "Agarwal, Vishwesh", "Balan, Suma", "Agarwal, Vikas"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527864", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485391, "pmcid": "PMC7260536", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin for COVID-19 - Warranted or dangerous?", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Popescu, Corneliu P", "Fischer, Philip R"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485391", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488958, "title": "Analysis of clinical features and outcomes of 161 patients with severe and critical COVID-19: A multicenter descriptive study.", "journal": "J Clin Lab Anal", "authors": ["Shi, Ming", "Chen, Lianhua", "Yang, Yadong", "Zhang, Jingpeng", "Xu, Ji", "Xu, Gang", "Li, Bin", "Yin, Yiping"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488958", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to investigate clinical characteristics, laboratory indexes, treatment regimens, and short-term outcomes of severe and critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. One hundred and sixty one consecutive severe and critical COVID-19 patients admitted in intensive care unit (ICU) were retrospectively reviewed in this multicenter study. Demographic features, medical histories, clinical symptoms, lung computerized tomography (CT) findings, and laboratory indexes on admission were collected. Post-admission complications, treatment regimens, and clinical outcomes were also documented. The mean age was 59.38\u00a0\u00b1\u00a016.54\u00a0years, with 104 (64.60%) males and 57 (35.40%) females. Hypertension (44 [27.33%]) and diabetes were the most common medical histories. Fever (127 [78.88%]) and dry cough (111 [68.94%]) were the most common symptoms. Blood routine indexes, hepatic and renal function indexes, and inflammation indexes were commonly abnormal. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was the most common post-admission complication (69 [42.86%]), followed by electrolyte disorders (48 [29.81%]), multiple organ dysfunction (MODS) (37 [22.98%]), and hypoproteinemia (36 [22.36%]). The most commonly used antiviral drug was lopinavir/ritonavir tablet. 50 (31.06%) patients died, while 78 (48.45%) patients healed and discharged, and the last 33 (20.50%) patients remained in hospital. Besides, the mean hospital stay of deaths was 21.66\u00a0\u00b1\u00a011.18\u00a0days, while the mean hospital stay of discharged patients was 18.42\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012.77\u00a0days. Furthermore, ARDS (P\u00a0<\u00a0.001) and MODS (P\u00a0=\u00a0.008) correlated with increased mortality rate. Severe and critical COVID-19 presents with high mortality rate, and occurrence of ARDS or MODS greatly increases its mortality risk."}, {"pmid": 32475230, "title": "Profiling serum cytokines in COVID-19 patients reveals IL-6 and IL-10 are disease severity predictors.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Han, Huan", "Ma, Qingfeng", "Li, Cong", "Liu, Rui", "Zhao, Li", "Wang, Wei", "Zhang, Pingan", "Liu, Xinghui", "Gao, Guosheng", "Liu, Fang", "Jiang, Yingan", "Cheng, Xiaoming", "Zhu, Chengliang", "Xia, Yuchen"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475230", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, it has rapidly spread across many other countries. While the majority of patients were considered mild, critically ill patients involving respiratory failure and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome are not uncommon, which could result death. We hypothesized that cytokine storm is associated with severe outcome. We enrolled 102 COVID-19 patients who were admitted to Renmin Hospital (Wuhan, China). All patients were classified into moderate, severe and critical groups according to their symptoms. 45 control samples of healthy volunteers were also included. Inflammatory cytokines and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) profiles of serum samples were analyzed by specific immunoassays. Results showed that COVID-19 patients have higher serum level of cytokines (TNF-\u03b1, IFN-\u03b3, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10) and CRP than control individuals. Within COVID-19 patients, serum IL-6 and IL-10 levels are significantly higher in critical group (n\u2009=\u200917) than in moderate (n\u2009=\u200942) and severe (n\u2009=\u200943) group. The levels of IL-10 is positively correlated with CRP amount (r\u2009=\u20090.41, P\u2009<\u20090.01). Using univariate logistic regression analysis, IL-6 and IL-10 are found to be predictive of disease severity and receiver operating curve analysis could further confirm this result (AUC\u2009=\u20090.841, 0.822 respectively). Our result indicated higher levels of cytokine storm is associated with more severe disease development. Among them, IL-6 and IL-10 can be used as predictors for fast diagnosis of patients with higher risk of disease deterioration. Given the high levels of cytokines induced by SARS-CoV-2, treatment to reduce inflammation-related lung damage is critical."}, {"pmid": 32474891, "pmcid": "PMC7260454", "title": "COVID-19: An Alert to Ventilator-Associated Bacterial Pneumonia.", "journal": "Infect Dis Ther", "authors": ["Povoa, Helvecio Cardoso Correa", "Chianca, Gabriela Ceccon", "Iorio, Natalia Lopes Pontes Povoa"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474891", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This manuscript aims to highlight the risk of Ventilator-Associated Bacterial Pneumonia (VAP) in COVID-19 inpatients. The co-infection has the potential to worsen clinical condition and increase mortality in these patients, as well as to prolong and increase the costs of hospitalization. Preventing, identifying and treating early VAP can increase the chances of successful treatment in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32296544, "pmcid": "PMC7147362", "title": "An emergent clade of SARS-CoV-2 linked to returned travellers from Iran.", "journal": "Virus Evol", "authors": ["Eden, John-Sebastian", "Rockett, Rebecca", "Carter, Ian", "Rahman, Hossinur", "de Ligt, Joep", "Hadfield, James", "Storey, Matthew", "Ren, Xiaoyun", "Tulloch, Rachel", "Basile, Kerri", "Wells, Jessica", "Byun, Roy", "Gilroy, Nicky", "O'Sullivan, Matthew V", "Sintchenko, Vitali", "Chen, Sharon C", "Maddocks, Susan", "Sorrell, Tania C", "Holmes, Edward C", "Dwyer, Dominic E", "Kok, Jen"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296544", "countries": ["Italy", "Korea, Republic of", "Australia", "China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "New Zealand"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic has rapidly spread outside China with major outbreaks occurring in Italy, South Korea, and Iran. Phylogenetic analyses of whole-genome sequencing data identified a distinct SARS-CoV-2 clade linked to travellers returning from Iran to Australia and New Zealand. This study highlights potential viral diversity driving the epidemic in Iran, and underscores the power of rapid genome sequencing and public data sharing to improve the detection and management of emerging infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32467490, "title": "The place of early rehabilitation in ICU for Covid-19.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Masiero, Stefano", "Zampieri, Davide", "Del Felice, Alessandra"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467490", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425258, "pmcid": "PMC7233209", "title": "Medical mask versus cotton mask for preventing respiratory droplet transmission in micro environments.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Ho, Kin-Fai", "Lin, Lian-Yu", "Weng, Shao-Ping", "Chuang, Kai-Jen"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425258", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32423607, "pmcid": "PMC7227491", "title": "[semFYC and Family Medicine in the time of the Coronavirus].", "journal": "Aten Primaria", "authors": ["Iparraguirre, S Tranche", "Alvarez, Remedios Martin"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423607", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311756, "pmcid": "PMC7264552", "title": "Personal protective equipment and possible routes of airborne spread during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Brown, J", "Pope, C"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311756", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432996, "pmcid": "PMC7258764", "title": "SARS2-CoV-2 and Stroke in a New York Healthcare System.", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Yaghi, Shadi", "Ishida, Koto", "Torres, Jose", "Mac Grory, Brian", "Raz, Eytan", "Humbert, Kelley", "Henninger, Nils", "Trivedi, Tushar", "Lillemoe, Kaitlyn", "Alam, Shazia", "Sanger, Matthew", "Kim, Sun", "Scher, Erica", "Dehkharghani, Seena", "Wachs, Michael", "Tanweer, Omar", "Volpicelli, Frank", "Bosworth, Brian", "Lord, Aaron", "Frontera, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432996", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the current worldwide pandemic, there is mounting evidence that patients affected by the illness may develop clinically significant coagulopathy with thromboembolic complications including ischemic stroke. However, there is limited data on the clinical characteristics, stroke mechanism, and outcomes of patients who have a stroke and COVID-19. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with ischemic stroke who were hospitalized between March 15, 2020, and April 19, 2020, within a major health system in New York, the current global epicenter of the pandemic. We compared the clinical characteristics of stroke patients with a concurrent diagnosis of COVID-19 to stroke patients without COVID-19 (contemporary controls). In addition, we compared patients to a historical cohort of patients with ischemic stroke discharged from our hospital system between March 15, 2019, and April 15, 2019 (historical controls). During the study period in 2020, out of 3556 hospitalized patients with diagnosis of COVID-19 infection, 32 patients (0.9%) had imaging proven ischemic stroke. Cryptogenic stroke was more common in patients with COVID-19 (65.6%) as compared to contemporary controls (30.4%, P=0.003) and historical controls (25.0%, P<0.001). When compared with contemporary controls, COVID-19 positive patients had higher admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and higher peak D-dimer levels. When compared with historical controls, COVID-19 positive patients were more likely to be younger men with elevated troponin, higher admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, and higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Patients with COVID-19 and stroke had significantly higher mortality than historical and contemporary controls. We observed a low rate of imaging-confirmed ischemic stroke in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Most strokes were cryptogenic, possibly related to an acquired hypercoagulability, and mortality was increased. Studies are needed to determine the utility of therapeutic anticoagulation for stroke and other thrombotic event prevention in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32072794, "title": "[Cluster investigation Technical Guidelines for the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19), China (1st Trial Version)].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32072794", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423988, "title": "Reassessing advance care planning in the light of covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Hopkins, Sarah A", "Lovick, Roberta", "Polak, Louisa", "Bowers, Ben", "Morgan, Tessa", "Kelly, Michael P", "Barclay, Stephen"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423988", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377565, "pmcid": "PMC7200344", "title": "COVID-19 y aparato digestivo.", "journal": "Med Clin (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Sebastian Domingo, Juan Jose"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377565", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32375855, "pmcid": "PMC7202791", "title": "Ethics guidelines on COVID-19 triage-an emerging international consensus.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Joebges, Susanne", "Biller-Andorno, Nikola"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375855", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32481672, "title": "COVID-19 Outbreak in North Italy: An Overview on Dentistry. A Questionnaire Survey.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Cagetti, Maria Grazia", "Cairoli, Jean Louis", "Senna, Andrea", "Campus, Guglielmo"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32481672", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This survey assessed the symptoms/signs, protective measures, awareness, and perception levels regarding COVID-19 among dentists in Lombardy, Italy. Moreover, an analysis of the answers gathered in areas with different prevalence of the disease was carried out. All Lombardy's dentists were sent an online ad hoc questionnaire. The questionnaire was divided into four domains: personal data, precautionary measures (before patient arrival; in the waiting room; in the operating room), awareness, and perception. Three thousand five hundred ninety-nine questionnaires were analyzed. Five hundred two (14.43%) participants had suffered one or more symptoms referable to COVID-19. Thirty-one subjects were positive to the virus SARS-CoV-2 and 16 subjects developed the disease. Only a small number of dentists (n = 72, 2.00%) were confident of avoiding infection; dentists working in low COVID-19 prevalence areas were more confident than those working in the Milan area and high prevalence area (61.24%, 61.23%, and 64.29%, p < 0.01 respectively). The level of awareness was statistically significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the Milan area (71.82%) than in the other areas. This survey demonstrated that dentists in the COVID-19 highest prevalence area, albeit reported to have more symptoms/signs than the rest of the sample, were the ones who adopted several precautionary measures less frequently and were the more confident of avoiding infection."}, {"pmid": 32484425, "pmcid": "PMC7267744", "title": "Predicting COVID-19 Incidence Using Anosmia and Other COVID-19 Symptomatology: Preliminary Analysis Using Google and Twitter.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Panuganti, Bharat A", "Jafari, Aria", "MacDonald, Bridget", "DeConde, Adam S"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484425", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine the relative correlations of Twitter and Google Search user trends concerning smell loss with daily coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence in the United States, compared to other severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) symptoms. To describe the effect of mass media communications on Twitter and Google Search user trends. Retrospective observational study. United States. Google Search and \"tweet\" frequency concerning COVID-19, smell, and nonsmell symptoms of COVID-19 generated between January 1 and April 8, 2020, were collected using Google Trends and Crimson Hexagon, respectively. Spearman coefficients linking each of these user trends to COVID-19 incidence were compared. Correlations obtained after excluding a short timeframe (March 22 to March 24) corresponding to the publication of a widely read lay media publication reporting anosmia as a symptom of infection was performed for comparative analysis. Google searches and tweets concerning all nonsmell symptoms (0.744 and 0.761, respectively) and COVID-19 (0.899 and 0.848) are more strongly correlated with disease incidence than smell loss (0.564 and 0.539). Twitter users tweeting about smell loss during the study period were more likely to be female (52%) than users tweeting about COVID-19 more generally (47%). Tweet and Google Search frequency pertaining to smell loss increased significantly (>2.5 standard deviations) following a widely read media publication linking smell loss and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Google Search and tweet frequency regarding fever and shortness of breath are more robust indicators of COVID-19 incidence than anosmia. Mass media communications represent important confounders that should be considered in future analyses."}, {"pmid": 32496206, "title": "Viewpoint: Epidemiological observation from a smartphone self-assessment web-application for suspected COVID-19 patients' triage: association of anosmia and outbreak extension in France.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Denis, Fabrice", "Galmiche, Simon", "Dinh, Aurelien", "Fontanet, Arnaud", "Scherpereel, Arnaud", "Benezit, Francois", "Lescure, Francois-Xavier"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496206", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We developed a self-assessment and participatory surveillance web application for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which was launched in France in March 2020. Our objective was to determine if self-reported symptoms could help monitor the dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak in France. Users were asked questions about underlying conditions, sociodemographic status, zip code, and COVID-19 symptoms. Depending on the symptoms reported and the presence of coexisting disorders, users were told to either stay at home, contact a general practitioner (GP), or call an emergency phone number. Data regarding COVID-19-related hospitalizations were retrieved from the Ministry of Health. As of March 29, 2020, the application was opened 4,126,789 times; 3,799,535 electronic questionnaires were filled out; and 2,477,174 users had at least one symptom. In total, 34.8% (n=1,322,361) reported no symptoms. The remaining users were directed to self-monitoring (n=858,878, 22.6%), GP visit or teleconsultation (n=1,033,922, 27.2%), or an emergency phone call (n=584,374, 15.4%). Emergency warning signs were reported by 39.1% of participants with anosmia, a loss of the sense of smell (n=127,586) versus 22.7% of participants without anosmia (n=1,597,289). Anosmia and fever and/or cough were correlated with hospitalizations for COVID-19 (Spearman correlation coefficients=0.87 and 0.82, respectively; P<.001 for both). This study suggests that anosmia may be strongly associated with COVID-19 and its severity. Despite a lack of medical assessment and virological confirmation, self-checking application data could be a relevant tool to monitor outbreak trends. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04331171; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04331171."}, {"pmid": 32421381, "title": "Deep Vein Thrombosis in Hospitalized Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Outcome.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Zhang, Li", "Feng, Xiaokai", "Zhang, Danqing", "Jiang, Chunguo", "Mei, Heng", "Wang, Jing", "Zhang, Cuihong", "Li, Hong", "Xia, Xiaoling", "Kong, Shuangshuang", "Liao, Jia", "Jia, Huijun", "Pang, Xueqin", "Song, Yue", "Tian, Ying", "Wang, Bin", "Wu, Chun", "Yuan, Hongliang", "Zhang, Yongxing", "Li, Yuman", "Sun, Wei", "Zhang, Yanting", "Zhu, Shuangshuang", "Wang, Shuyuan", "Xie, Yuji", "Ge, Shuping", "Zhang, Liming", "Hu, Yu", "Xie, Mingxing"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421381", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: To investigate deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we performed a single institutional study to evaluate its prevalence, risk factors, prognosis, and potential thromboprophylaxis strategies in a large referral and treatment center. Methods: We studied a total of 143 patients with COVID-19 from January 29 to February 29, 2020. Demographic and clinical data, laboratory data, including ultrasound scans of the lower extremities, and outcome variables were obtained, comparisons were made between DVT and non-DVT groups. Results: Of the 143 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 (aged 63 \u00b1 14 years; 74 [51.7%] man), 66 patients developed lower extremity DVT (46.1%, included 23 [34.8%] with proximal DVT and 43 [65.2%] with distal DVT).Compared with patients who with no DVT, patients with DVT were older and had a lower oxygenation index, a higher rate of cardiac injury, and worse prognosis including an increased proportion of deaths (23 [34.8%] vs 9 [11.7%], P = 0.001) and a decreased proportion of patients discharged (32 [48.5%] vs 60 [77.9%], P < 0.001). Multivariant analysis only showed an association between CURB-65 score 3-5 (OR = 6.122, P = 0.031), Padua prediction score \u2265 4 (OR = 4.016, P = 0.04), and D-dimer >1.0 (\u03bcg/ml) (OR = 5.818, P < 0.014) and DVT in this cohort, respectively. The combination of a CURB-65 score 3-5, a Padua prediction score \u2265 4, and D-dimer > 1.0 (\u03bcg/ml) has a sensitivity of 88.52% and a specificity of 61.43% for screening for DVT. In the subgroup of patients with a Padua prediction score \u2265 4 and whose ultrasound scans were performed \u02c372 hours after admission, DVT was present in 18 (34.0%) of the subgroup receiving venous thromboembolism prophylaxis vs 35 (63.3%) in the nonprophylaxis group (P = 0.010). Conclusions: The prevalence of DVT is high and is associated with adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism may be protective in patients with a Padua protection score \u2265 4 after admission. Our data seem to suggest that COVID-19 is probably an additional risk factor for DVT in the hospitalized patients."}, {"pmid": 32275260, "title": "Protection and disinfection policies against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Fathizadeh, Hadis", "Maroufi, Parham", "Momen-Heravi, Mansooreh", "Dao, Sounkalo", "Kose, Sukran", "Ganbarov, Khudaverdi", "Pagliano, Pasquale", "Esposito, Silvano", "Kafil, Hossein Samadi"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275260", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, reports from China of the incidence of pneumonia with unknown etiology were sent to the World Health Organization (WHO). Shortly afterwards, the cause of this disease was identified as the novel beta-coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, and its genetic sequence was published on January 12, 2020. Human-to-human transmission via respiratory droplets and contact with aerosol infected surfaces are the major ways of transmitting this virus. Here we attempted to collect information on virus stability in the air and on surfaces and ways of preventing of SARS-CoV-2 spreading."}, {"pmid": 32423357, "pmcid": "PMC7240313", "title": "Olfactory Dysfunction and Sinonasal Symptomatology in COVID-19: Prevalence, Severity, Timing, and Associated Characteristics.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Speth, Marlene M", "Singer-Cornelius, Thirza", "Obere, Michael", "Gengler, Isabelle", "Brockmeier, Steffi J", "Sedaghat, Ahmad R"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423357", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Olfactory dysfunction (OD)-hyposmia or anosmia-is a symptom of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We sought to better determine prevalence, severity, and timing of OD in COVID-19 relative to other sinonasal and pulmonary symptoms. Prospective, cross-sectional. Regional/cantonal hospital. In total, 103 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based testing. All patients testing positive for COVID-19 at Kantonsspital Aarau over a 6-week period were approached. Timing and severity (at its worst, on scale of 0 [none], 1 [mild], 2 [moderate], and 3 [severe]) of OD, loss of taste, nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea/mucus production, fever, cough and shortness of breath (SOB) were assessed for each patient. Prevalence of OD was 61.2%, and severity of OD was strongly correlated with severity of loss of taste experienced (\u03c1 = 0.87, P < .001). OD was experienced on the first day of COVID-19 by 8.7% and overall occurred at median infection day 3 (mean, 3.4; range, 0-12). Most experiencing OD reported anosmia, and mean severity of all with OD was moderate to severe (mean [SD], 2.7 [0.6]). Nasal obstruction (49.5%) and rhinorrhea (35.0%) were frequently reported but not correlated with OD. SOB was more severe in patients with OD. OD was associated negatively with older age (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-0.99; P = .007) and positively with female sex (OR, 2.46; 95% CI, 0.98-6.19; P = .056). OD is highly prevalent during COVID-19, occurring early and severely, often in conjunction with loss of taste. OD is associated negatively with older age and positively with female sex. Patients with OD may also experience more severe SOB."}, {"pmid": 32367628, "pmcid": "PMC7267453", "title": "Hidden in plain sight: Addressing the unique needs of high-risk psychiatric populations during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychiatry Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Hategan, Ana", "Abdurrahman, Mariam"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367628", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485858, "title": "Javamide-II Inhibits IL-6 without Significant Impact on TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in Macrophage-Like Cells.", "journal": "Biomedicines", "authors": ["Park, Jae B", "Peters, Renee", "Pham, Quynhchi", "Wang, Thomas T Y"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485858", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The main aim of this study is to find a therapeutic compound to inhibit IL-6, not TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, in macrophage-like cells, because the high-levels of IL-6 production by macrophages are reported to cause unfavorable outcomes under several disease conditions (e.g., autoimmune diseases, and acute viral infections, including COVID-19). In this study, the potential effects of javamide-II on IL-6, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha productions were determined using their ELISA kits in macrophage-like THP-1 cells. Western blots were also performed using the same cells, to determine its effects on signaling pathways (ERK, p38, JNK, c-Fos, ATF-2, c-Jun and NF-\u03baB p65). At concentrations of 0.2-40 \u00b5M, javamide-II inhibited IL-6 production significantly in the THP-1 cells (IC50 of 0.8 \u00b5M) (P < 0.02). However, javamide-II did not inhibit IL-1beta or TNF-alpha productions much at the same concentrations. In addition, the treatment of javamide-II decreased the phosphorylation of p38 without significant effects on ERK and JNK phosphorylations in the THP-1 cells. Furthermore, the p38 inhibition, followed by the reduction of ATF-2 phosphorylation (not c-Fos, c-Jun or NF-\u03baB p65), led to the suppression of IL-6 mRNA expression in the cells (P < 0.02). The data indicate that javamide-II may be a potent compound to inhibit IL-6 production via suppressing the p38 signal pathway, without significant effects on the productions of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in macrophage-like THP-1 cells."}, {"pmid": 32462756, "title": "How should colorectal surgeons practice during the COVID-19 epidemic? A retrospective single-center analysis based on real-world data from China.", "journal": "ANZ J Surg", "authors": ["Changzheng, He", "Yuxuan, Li", "Yichen, Liu", "Shidong, Hu", "Yang, Yan", "Da, Teng", "Pengyue, Zhao", "Haiguan, Lin", "Xiaolei, Xu", "Yufeng, Wang", "Xiaohui, Huang", "Xiaohui, Du"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462756", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 is currently of global concern. Cancer patients are advised to stay at home in case of potential infection, which may cause delays of routine diagnosis and necessary treatment. How colorectal surgeons should manage this during the epidemic remains a big challenge. To evaluate the feasibility of routine colorectal surgery during coronavirus disease 2019 and to offer some Chinese recommendations to colorectal surgeons throughout the world. A total of 166 patients receiving colorectal surgery from 20th December 2019 to 20th March 2020 at Department of General Surgery in Chinese General Hospital of People's Liberation Army were enrolled, and further divided into two groups based on before or after admission date of 20th January 2020. Clinicopathologic data such as hospital stay and economic data such as total costs were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Longer hospital stay, higher proportion of non-local patients and more hospitalization cost were found in the post-20 January group (special-time group) (P\u2009<\u20090.001; P\u2009<\u20090.05; P\u2009<\u20090.05 respectively). Apart from this, no difference existed with regard to baseline demographical data such as age, sex and height, as well as clinicopathological data such as previous history, surgery time, operation extent and TNM staging. This real-world study indicated that performing colorectal surgery during coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic might be safe and feasible based on comprehensive screening and investigation. We have summarized several recommendations here, hoping to help surgeons from related departments across the world. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32455471, "title": "Our First Month of Delivering the Prostate Cancer Diagnostic Pathway within the Limitations of COVID-19 Using Local Anaesthetic Transperineal Biopsy.", "journal": "BJU Int", "authors": ["Popert, Rick", "Kum, Francesca", "MacAskill, Findlay", "Stroman, Luke", "Zisengwe, Grace", "Rusere, Jonah", "Haire, Kate", "Challacombe, Ben", "Cathcart, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455471", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is impacting all urological cancer services. On March 19th the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) provided pragmatic guidance for prostate cancer diagnostic services (Table 1).(1)."}, {"pmid": 32363243, "pmcid": "PMC7194647", "title": "Palliative Radiotherapy for Oncologic Emergencies in the setting of COVID-19: Approaches to Balancing Risks and Benefits.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Yerramilli, Divya", "Xu, Amy J", "Gillespie, Erin F", "Shepherd, Annemarie F", "Beal, Kathryn", "Gomez, Daniel", "Yamada, Josh", "Tsai, C Jillian", "Yang, T Jonathan"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363243", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277907, "pmcid": "PMC7252196", "title": "Recommendations from national regulatory agencies for ongoing cancer trials during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["de Paula, Bruno H R", "Araujo, Indiara", "Bandeira, Livia", "Barreto, Nathalia M P B", "Doherty, Gary J"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277907", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348111, "pmcid": "PMC7192347", "title": "Is the Collapse of the Respiratory Center in the Brain Responsible for Respiratory Breakdown in COVID-19 Patients?", "journal": "ACS Chem Neurosci", "authors": ["Gandhi, Sonu", "Srivastava, Amit Kumar", "Ray, Upasana", "Tripathi, Prem Prakash"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348111", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Following the identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, we are now again facing a global highly pathogenic novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic. Although the lungs are one of the most critically affected organs, several other organs, including the brain may also get infected. Here, we have highlighted that SARS-CoV-2 might infect the central nervous system (CNS) through the olfactory bulb. From the olfactory bulb, SARS-CoV-2 may target the deeper parts of the brain including the thalamus and brainstem by trans-synaptic transfer described for many other viral diseases. Following this, the virus might infect the respiratory center of brain, which could be accountable for the respiratory breakdown of COVID-19 patients. Therefore, it is important to screen the COVID-19 patients for neurological symptoms as well as possibility of the collapse of the respiratory center in the brainstem should be investigated in depth."}, {"pmid": 32216172, "pmcid": "PMC7228413", "title": "Coronavirus uses as binding site in humans angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 functional receptor that is involved in arterial blood pressure control and fibrotic response to damage and is a drug target in cardiovascular disease. Is this just a phylogenetic coincidence?", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Ciulla, Michele M"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216172", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423298, "title": "Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Otolaryngology Surgery in Italy: The Experience of Our University Hospital.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Ralli, Massimo", "Minni, Antonio", "Candelori, Francesca", "Cialente, Fabrizio", "Greco, Antonio", "de Vincentiis, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423298", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Otolaryngology and head and neck surgery underwent drastic changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Since March 10, the first day of the lockdown in Italy, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures were limited to emergency and oncology cases, while outpatient procedures and clinical examinations were temporarily suspended to limit virus diffusion and to reallocate personnel into wards dedicated to COVID-19. In our otolaryngology unit, between March 10 and April 28, 2020, we performed 96 surgical procedures; they mainly consisted in diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors of the head and neck (77%), management of acute upper airway obstruction in adults and children (14.7%), drainage of abscesses of the head and neck (6.2%), and treatment of nasal bone fractures (2.1%). When comparing these data with those of the same period in 2019 for emergency and oncology procedures, we noticed a drastic reduction of head and neck abscesses and nasal bone fractures, while oncology surgery remained stable."}, {"pmid": 32416633, "title": "Management of Hepatocellular Cancer in the time of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Sharma, Rohini", "Pinato, David J"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416633", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As COVID-19 the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 continues to have a profound impact on global health, there have been a number of guidelines recently published addressing the management of patients with liver disease during the COVID-19 pandemic including the recently published EASL-ESCMID Position Paper, guidelines issued by the International Liver Cancer Association and the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (1-3). All publications present a sound discussion regarding the challenges face by both patients and clinicians alike in the management of chronic liver disease in the setting of this ongoing pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32395966, "title": "[Atypical clinical picture of COVID-19 in older patients].", "journal": "Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd", "authors": ["Olde Rikkert, M G M", "Vingerhoets, R W", "van Geldorp, N", "de Jong, E", "Maas, H A A M"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395966", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clinical characteristics and outcomes among older patients with a SARS-CoV-2 infection differ greatly from those seen in younger patients. Here we highlight atypical presentations of this fulminant infectious disease COVID-19, based on a clinical case and a cohort of 19 patients admitted to a geriatric ward. The degree of frailty, resilience and number of co-morbidities caused COVID-19 to present as acute geriatric syndrome events such as falls, delirium and dehydration in these patients. Clinical laboratory results considered typical for COVID-19 were present less often in this frail older population. As in other countries, morbidity and mortality is most severe among frail male patients; therefore, assessment of changes suggestive of typical acute geriatric syndromes in frail older patients with chronic diseases should lead to a careful clinical examination for a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Protocols for diagnosis, and contact isolation measures, should take these atypical presentations into account."}, {"pmid": 32516836, "title": "Low-Contact & High-Interconnectivity Pathology (LC&HI Path): Post-COVID19-Pandemic Practice of Pathology.", "journal": "Histopathology", "authors": ["Arends, Mark Johan", "Salto-Tellez, Manuel"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516836", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic situation may be viewed as an opportunity to accelerate some of the ongoing transformations in modern Pathology. This refers primarily to the digitalization of the practice of tissue and cellular pathology diagnostics. However, it is also an opportunity to analyse the modus operandi of a discipline that has practiced in a similar manner for over 100 years. The challenge is to define the next generation of interconnectivity tools that would be necessary to achieve a new operational model that, while ensuring low face-to-face interaction between the main players of the diagnostic pipeline, allows maximum interconnectivity to serve our patients and the immediate teaching and research needs associated with clinical tissue/cellular samples. This viewpoint aims to describe what this new paradigm, a low-contact & high-interconnectivity pathology (LC&HC Path) operation, may require in the near future."}, {"pmid": 32404774, "pmcid": "PMC7255396", "title": "Considerations for Assessing Risk of Provider Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 after a Negative Test.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Long, Dustin R", "Sunshine, Jacob E", "Van Cleve, Wil"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404774", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489938, "pmcid": "PMC7242291", "title": "Radiological follow-up of twelve COVID-19 patients with initially normal chest CT.", "journal": "Quant Imaging Med Surg", "authors": ["Xu, Chuanjun", "Xu, Qiuzhen", "Du, Chao", "Li, Jinlong", "Hu, Zhiliang", "Yi, Yongxiang"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489938", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478550, "title": "What lies ahead: Elevated concerns for the ongoing suicide pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Lennon, Jack C"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478550", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The genesis and global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in significant health concerns amid societies that were ill-equipped for such a formidable opponent. The COVID-19 pandemic has illuminated systemic health disparities and weaknesses within our health care and political systems. With aggressive but necessary interventions to thwart the instantaneous reproduction number, we have simultaneously introduced risk factors for new and exacerbated mental health concerns. Suicide, an ongoing pandemic whose rates are higher than they have been in the past 50 years, is one of these concerns as we navigate COVID-19 deaths and fears surrounding its spread. This article aims to briefly describe in retrospect some of the historical pandemics and their downstream consequences as well as present what may lie ahead in terms of anxiety, depression, and suicidal behaviors. This applies not only to frontline health care workers but also the public at large, who may very well experience long-term stressor- and trauma-related consequences through ongoing exposure to a virus that is not only potentially fatal but may have taken the lives of loved ones. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32426063, "pmcid": "PMC7227560", "title": "The healthcare professionals amidst COVID-19 pandemic: A perspective of resilience and posttraumatic growth.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Kalaitzaki, Argyroula E", "Tamiolaki, Alexandra", "Rovithis, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426063", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32486856, "title": "New Paradigms in Diabetes Management From the Epicenter.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Levy, Carol J", "Levister, Camilla M", "Shah, Nirali A"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486856", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421494, "title": "Infectious SARS-CoV-2 in Feces of Patient with Severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Xiao, Fei", "Sun, Jing", "Xu, Yonghao", "Li, Fang", "Huang, Xiaofang", "Li, Heying", "Zhao, Jingxian", "Huang, Jicheng", "Zhao, Jincun"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421494", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was isolated from feces of a patient in China with coronavirus disease who died. Confirmation of infectious virus in feces affirms the potential for fecal-oral or fecal-respiratory transmission and warrants further study."}, {"pmid": 32321732, "title": "Remdesivir in covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Ferner, Robin E", "Aronson, Jeffrey K"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321732", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519360, "title": "Eye care in the intensive care unit during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Soare, C", "Nowak, V A", "Osborne, S"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519360", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499909, "pmcid": "PMC7250534", "title": "Is diet partly responsible for differences in COVID-19 death rates between and within countries?", "journal": "Clin Transl Allergy", "authors": ["Bousquet, Jean", "Anto, Josep M", "Iaccarino, Guido", "Czarlewski, Wienczyslawa", "Haahtela, Tari", "Anto, Aram", "Akdis, Cezmi A", "Blain, Hubert", "Canonica, G Walter", "Cardona, Victoria", "Cruz, Alvaro A", "Illario, Maddalena", "Ivancevich, Juan Carlos", "Jutel, Marek", "Klimek, Ludger", "Kuna, Piotr", "Laune, Daniel", "Larenas-Linnemann, Desiree", "Mullol, Joaquim", "Papadopoulos, Nikos G", "Pfaar, Oliver", "Samolinski, Boleslaw", "Valiulis, Arunas", "Yorgancioglu, Arzu", "Zuberbier, Torsten"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499909", "countries": ["Czechia", "Slovakia", "Germany", "Norway", "Poland", "Finland"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Reported COVID-19 deaths in Germany are relatively low as compared to many European countries. Among the several explanations proposed, an early and large testing of the population was put forward. Most current debates on COVID-19 focus on the differences among countries, but little attention has been given to regional differences and diet. The low-death rate European countries (e.g. Austria, Baltic States, Czech Republic, Finland, Norway, Poland, Slovakia) have used different quarantine and/or confinement times and methods and none have performed as many early tests as Germany. Among other factors that may be significant are the dietary habits. It seems that some foods largely used in these countries may reduce angiotensin-converting enzyme activity or are anti-oxidants. Among the many possible areas of research, it might be important to understand diet and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) levels in populations with different COVID-19 death rates since dietary interventions may be of great benefit."}, {"pmid": 32530311, "title": "Trapped in a Double Bind: Chinese Overseas Student Anxiety during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Health Commun", "authors": ["Ma, Haijing", "Miller, Claude"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530311", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2), the COVID-19 disease cases stemming from it, and the resulting pandemic have imposed severe, distressing, physical, and psychological challenges on communities worldwide. The stressful situation faced by Chinese overseas students (COSs) has been particularly acute. With this population as the focus, the current study evaluated the psychological state of COSs abroad during the initial phases of the pandemic. Participants (N =\u00a0182) were recruited to complete an online survey (during April 7-14, 2020) assessing their physical and social circumstances, and sense of wellbeing. Results showed COSs experienced high levels of anxiety primarily stemming from discrimination from the media, fear of COVID-19, and mixed messages from their social connections. Feeling entrapped in a double bind (DbB) situation with their close relations significantly increased anxiety. Perceived social support negatively correlated with anxiety, and those experiencing a DbB felt the greatest stress, particularly those unable to effectively differentiate the opposing messages. Findings of the study, limitations, and implications are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32328726, "pmcid": "PMC7178098", "title": "Time to consider histologic pattern of lung injury to treat critically ill patients with COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Copin, Marie-Christine", "Parmentier, Erika", "Duburcq, Thibault", "Poissy, Julien", "Mathieu, Daniel"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328726", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459851, "title": "Stress-induced cardiac arrest with mitral annulus disjunction in a physician amid the COVID-19 pandemic fight.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Marona, Milosz", "Celinska-Spodar, Malgorzata", "Spiewak, Mateusz", "Konopka, Anna"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459851", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404354, "title": "David Oliver: Covid-19 highlights the need for effective government communications.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Oliver, David"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404354", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426575, "pmcid": "PMC7229961", "title": "Clot in Transit on Transesophageal Echocardiography in a Prone Patient with COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.", "journal": "CASE (Phila)", "authors": ["Horowitz, James M", "Yuriditsky, Eugene", "Henderson, Ian J", "Stachel, Maxine Wallis", "Kwok, Benjamin", "Saric, Muhamed"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426575", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2022The risk of thromboembolic events in COVID-19 is substantial\u2022Pulmonary embolism should be considered in cases of clinical deterioration\u2022Management of clot in transit is controversial."}, {"pmid": 32498141, "title": "A Hidden Key to COVID-19 Management in Korea: Public Health Doctors.", "journal": "J Prev Med Public Health", "authors": ["Choi, Sejin"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498141", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Public health doctors of Korea contributed significantly to massive coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) testing. They were immediately dispatched to epicenters of the COVID-19 pandemic, and have run tests at screening centers, airport quarantines and hospitals. However, their expertise from in-field experience has been often neglected. It is time to reorganize public health doctor system to better prepare for future epidemics. Transforming and strengthening their roles as public health experts through systematic training is crucial."}, {"pmid": 32315667, "pmcid": "PMC7166010", "title": "Put a lid on it: Are faecal bio-aerosols a route of transmission for SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["McDermott, Carmen V", "Alicic, Radica Z", "Harden, Niels", "Cox, Emily J", "Scanlan, James M"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315667", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336870, "pmcid": "PMC7180358", "title": "Air purifiers: A supplementary measure to remove airborne SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Build Environ", "authors": ["Zhao, By Bin", "Liu, Yumeng", "Chen, Chen"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336870", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344027, "pmcid": "PMC7195287", "title": "Regarding \"Understanding the 'Scope' of the Problem: Why Laparoscopy Is Considered Safe during the COVID-19 Pandemic\".", "journal": "J Minim Invasive Gynecol", "authors": ["Di Marzo, Francesco", "Cardi, Maurizio"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344027", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479795, "pmcid": "PMC7259906", "title": "Lung function testing in the COVID-19 endemic.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Hull, James H", "Lloyd, Julie K", "Cooper, Brendan G"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479795", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32279418, "pmcid": "PMC7262190", "title": "Threatening drug-drug interaction in a kidney transplant patient with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Bartiromo, Marilu", "Borchi, Beatrice", "Botta, Annarita", "Bagala, Alfredo", "Lugli, Gianmarco", "Tilli, Marta", "Cavallo, Annalisa", "Xhaferi, Brunilda", "Cutruzzula, Roberta", "Vaglio, Augusto", "Bresci, Silvia", "Larti, Aida", "Bartoloni, Alessandro", "Cirami, Calogero"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279418", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the novel coronavirus pandemic, organ transplant recipients represent a frail susceptible category due to long-term immunosuppressive therapy. For this reason, clinical manifestations may differ from general population and different treatment approaches may be needed. We present the case of a 36-year-old kidney transplanted woman affected by Senior-Loken syndrome diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia after a contact with her positive mother. Initial symptoms were fatigue, dry cough and coryza; she never had fever nor oxygen supplementation. Hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir were started, and the antiviral drug was replaced with darunavir/cobicistat after two days for diarrhea. Immunosuppressant levels were closely monitored, and we observed very high tacrolimus trough levels despite initial dose reduction. The patient was left with steroid therapy alone. The peculiarity of clinical presentation and the management difficulties represent the flagship of our case-report. We stress the need for guidelines in transplant recipients with COVID-19 infection with particular regard to the management of therapy."}, {"pmid": 32430279, "pmcid": "PMC7217790", "title": "Gut microbiota and Covid-19- possible link and implications.", "journal": "Virus Res", "authors": ["Dhar, Debojyoti", "Mohanty, Abhishek"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430279", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 is a major pandemic facing the world today caused by SARS-CoV-2 which has implications on our understanding of infectious diseases. Although, SARS-Cov-2 primarily causes lung infection through binding of ACE2 receptors present on the alveolar epithelial cells, yet it was recently reported that SARS-CoV-2 RNA was found in the faeces of infected patients. Interestingly, the intestinal epithelial cells particularly the enterocytes of the small intestine also express ACE2 receptors. Role of the gut microbiota in influencing lung diseases has been well articulated. It is also known that respiratory virus infection causes perturbations in the gut microbiota. Diet, environmental factors and genetics play an important role in shaping gut microbiota which can influence immunity. Gut microbiota diversity is decreased in old age and Covid-19 has been mainly fatal in elderly patients which again points to the role the gut microbiota may play in this disease. Improving gut microbiota profile by personalized nutrition and supplementation known to improve immunity can be one of the prophylactic ways by which the impact of this disease can be minimized in old people and immune-compromised patients. More trials may be initiated to see the effect of co-supplementation of personalized functional food including prebiotics/probiotics along with current therapies."}, {"pmid": 32225175, "title": "Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Shang, Jian", "Ye, Gang", "Shi, Ke", "Wan, Yushun", "Luo, Chuming", "Aihara, Hideki", "Geng, Qibin", "Auerbach, Ashley", "Li, Fang"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32225175", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) recently emerged and is rapidly spreading in humans, causing COVID-191,2. A key to tackling this pandemic is to understand the receptor recognition mechanism of the virus, which regulates its infectivity, pathogenesis and host range. SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV recognize the same receptor-angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-in humans3,4. Here we determined the crystal structure of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 (engineered to facilitate crystallization) in complex with ACE2. In comparison with the SARS-CoV RBD, an ACE2-binding ridge in SARS-CoV-2 RBD has a more compact conformation; moreover, several residue changes in the SARS-CoV-2 RBD stabilize two virus-binding hotspots at the RBD-ACE2 interface. These structural features of SARS-CoV-2 RBD increase its ACE2-binding affinity. Additionally, we show that RaTG13, a bat coronavirus that is closely related to SARS-CoV-2, also uses human ACE2 as its receptor. The differences among SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and RaTG13 in ACE2 recognition shed light on the potential animal-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2. This study provides guidance for intervention strategies that target receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32436581, "title": "Buying Time: Using OMM to Potentially Reduce the Demand for Mechanical Ventilation in Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Osteopath Assoc", "authors": ["Stenta, Michael Emerson"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436581", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) pandemic is causing an increased need for mechanical ventilation for a significant percentage of people who present to the hospital for treatment. This increase in demand could surpass the supply of ventilators and lead to an increase in mortality due to a lack of ventilator vacancies. There is significant evidence that osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) can alleviate pulmonary symptoms and aid in quicker recoveries from various respiratory ailments. OMM has the potential to play a significant role in helping reduce a patient's need for mechanical ventilation by delaying the onset of acute respiratory distress syndrome stemming from SARS-Cov2 infections."}, {"pmid": 32392625, "title": "Reply to Ruth Palan Lopez, PhD, GNP-BC.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Ouslander, Joseph G", "D'Adamo, Heather", "Yoshikawa, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392625", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350928, "pmcid": "PMC7267640", "title": "Rethinking the role of hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "FASEB J", "authors": ["Meyerowitz, Eric A", "Vannier, Augustin G L", "Friesen, Morgan G N", "Schoenfeld, Sara", "Gelfand, Jeffrey A", "Callahan, Michael V", "Kim, Arthur Y", "Reeves, Patrick M", "Poznansky, Mark C"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350928", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are currently no proven or approved treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Early anecdotal reports and limited\u00a0in vitro data led to the significant uptake of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), and to lesser extent chloroquine (CQ), for many patients with this disease. As an increasing number of patients with COVID-19 are treated with these agents and more evidence accumulates, there continues to be no high-quality clinical data showing a clear benefit of these agents for this disease. Moreover, these agents have the potential to cause harm, including a broad range of adverse events including serious cardiac\u00a0side effects when combined with other agents. In addition, the known and potent immunomodulatory effects of these agents which support their use in the treatment of auto-immune conditions, and provided a component in the original rationale for their use in\u00a0patients with COVID-19, may, in fact, undermine their utility in the context of the treatment of this respiratory viral infection. Specifically, the impact of HCQ on cytokine production and suppression of antigen presentation may have immunologic consequences that hamper innate and adaptive antiviral immune responses for patients with COVID-19. Similarly, the reported in vitro inhibition of viral proliferation is largely derived from the blockade of viral fusion that initiates infection rather than the direct inhibition of viral replication as seen with nucleoside/tide analogs in other viral infections. Given these facts and the growing uncertainty about these agents for the treatment of COVID-19, it is clear that at the very least thoughtful planning and data collection from randomized clinical trials are needed to understand what if any role these agents may have in this disease. In this article, we review the datasets that support or\u00a0detract from the use of these agents\u00a0for the treatment of COVID-19 and render a data informed opinion that they should only be used with caution and in the context of carefully thought out clinical trials, or on a case-by-case basis after rigorous consideration of the risks and benefits of this therapeutic approach."}, {"pmid": 32226695, "pmcid": "PMC7096066", "title": "Acetazolamide, Nifedipine and Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors: Rationale for Their Utilization as Adjunctive Countermeasures in the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Solaimanzadeh, Isaac"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226695", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Effective treatments for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)\u00a0outbreak are urgently needed. While anti-viral approaches and\u00a0vaccines are being considered\u00a0immediate countermeasures are unavailable. The aim of this article is to outline a perspective on the pathophysiology of COVID-19 in the context of the currently available clinical data published in the literature. This article appreciates clinical data\u00a0published on COVID-19 in the context of another respiratory illness - high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). Both conditions have significant similarities that portend pathophysiologic trajectories.\u00a0Following this\u00a0potential treatment options\u00a0emerge. Both COVID-19 and HAPE\u00a0exhibit a decreased ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen\u00a0with concomitant hypoxia and tachypnea. There also appears to be a tendency for low carbon dioxide levels in both as well. Radiologic findings\u00a0of ground glass opacities are present in up to 86% of patients with COVID-19 in addition to patchy infiltrates. Patients with HAPE also exhibit patchy infiltrates throughout the pulmonary fields, often in an asymmetric pattern\u00a0and CT findings reveal increased lung markings and ground glass-like changes as well. Widespread ground-glass opacities are most commonly a manifestation of hydrostatic pulmonary edema. Similarly, elevated fibrinogen levels in both conditions are likely an\u00a0epiphenomenon of edema formation\u00a0rather than coagulation activation. Autopsy results of a COVID-19 fatality revealed bilateral diffuse alveolar damage associated with pulmonary edema, pro-inflammatory concentrates, and indications of early-phase acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). HAPE itself is initially caused by an increase in pulmonary capillary pressure\u00a0and induces altered alveolar-capillary permeability via high pulmonary artery hydrostatic pressures that lead to a protein-rich and mildly hemorrhagic edema. It appears that COVID-19\u00a0and HAPE\u00a0both discretely converge on ARDS. In light of this, a countermeasure that has been shown to be effective in the analogous condition of HAPE is Acetazolamide. Acetazolamide has a myriad of effects on different organ systems, potently reduces hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, improves minute ventilation and expired vital capacity.\u00a0Other therapeutics to consider that are also directed towards decreased pulmonary pressure include Nifedipine and Phosphodiesterase inhibitors. This review describes COVID-19 in parallel to HAPE. Deranged respiratory parameters that are present in both conditions are highlighted. The utilization of medications found to be effective in HAPE, for the treatment of COVID-19, is proposed. Given the medical emergency of a growing contagion and the thousands of lives at stake, expedient attempts to improve survival are needed. Acetazolamide, Nifedipine and Phosphodiesterase inhibitors\u00a0may be potential\u00a0countermeasures."}, {"pmid": 32446267, "pmcid": "PMC7267091", "title": "What Solid Organ Transplant Healthcare Providers should know about Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors and COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Transplant", "authors": ["Wong, Sunnie Y", "Brubaker, Aleah L", "Wang, Aileen X", "Taiwo, Adetokunbo A", "Melcher, Marc L"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446267", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The data on the outcomes of solid organ transplant recipients who have contracted coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are still emerging. Kidney transplant recipients are commonly prescribed renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (AAS) inhibitors given the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. As the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) facilitates the entry of coronaviruses into target cells, there have been hypotheses that preexisting use of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) inhibitors may increase the risk of developing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Given the common use of RAAS inhibitors among solid organ transplant recipients, we sought to review the RAAS cascade, the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 entry, and pertinent data related to the effect of RAAS inhibitors on ACE2 to guide management of solid organ transplant recipients during the COVID-19 pandemic. At present there is no clear evidence to support the discontinuation of RAAS inhibitors in solid organ transplant recipients during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32227668, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak at the Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.", "journal": "Acta Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Jorstad, Oystein Kalsnes", "Moe, Morten Carstens", "Eriksen, Ketil", "Petrovski, Goran", "Bragadottir, Ragnheiethur"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227668", "countries": ["Norway"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302537, "pmcid": "PMC7156240", "title": "Mental health effects of school closures during COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Lee, Joyce"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302537", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32207994, "title": "Critical Organizational Issues for Cardiologists in the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Frontline Experience From Milan, Italy.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Stefanini, Giulio G", "Azzolini, Elena", "Condorelli, Gianluigi"], "date": "2020-03-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207994", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361738, "pmcid": "PMC7197620", "title": "Risk Factors Associated with Clinical Outcomes in 323 COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hu, Ling", "Chen, Shaoqiu", "Fu, Yuanyuan", "Gao, Zitong", "Long, Hui", "Wang, Jian-Ming", "Ren, Hong-Wei", "Zuo, Yi", "Li, Huan", "Wang, Jie", "Xu, Qing-Bang", "Yu, Wen-Xiong", "Liu, Jia", "Shao, Chen", "Hao, Jun-Jie", "Wang, Chuan-Zhen", "Ma, Yao", "Wang, Zhanwei", "Yanagihara, Richard", "Deng, Youping"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361738", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With evidence of sustained transmission in more than 190 countries, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a global pandemic. Data are urgently needed about risk factors associated with clinical outcomes. A retrospective\u00a0review of 323 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan was conducted. Patients were classified into three disease severity groups (non-severe, severe, and critical), based on initial clinical presentation. Clinical outcomes were designated as favorable and unfavorable, based on disease progression and response to treatments. Logistic regression models were performed to identify risk factors associated with clinical outcomes, and log-rank test was conducted for the association with clinical progression. Current standard treatments did not show significant improvement in patient outcomes. By univariate logistic regression analysis, 27 risk factors were significantly associated with clinical outcomes. Multivariate regression indicated age over 65 years (p<0.001), smoking (p=0.001), critical disease status (p=0.002), diabetes (p=0.025), high hypersensitive troponin I (>0.04 pg/mL,\u00a0p=0.02), leukocytosis (>10 x 109/L,\u00a0p<0.001) and neutrophilia (>75 x 109/L,\u00a0p<0.001) predicted unfavorable clinical outcomes. By contrast, the administration of hypnotics was significantly associated with favorable outcomes (p<0.001), which was confirmed by survival analysis. Hypnotics may be an effective ancillary treatment for COVID-19. We also found novel risk factors, such as higher hypersensitive troponin I, predicted poor clinical outcomes. Overall, our study provides useful data to guide early clinical decision making to reduce mortality and improve clinical outcomes of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32365567, "title": "Lab-on-a-Chip Technologies for the Single Cell Level: Separation, Analysis, and Diagnostics.", "journal": "Micromachines (Basel)", "authors": ["Hochstetter, Axel"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365567", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the last three decades, microfluidics and its applications have been on an exponential rise, including approaches to isolate rare cells and diagnose diseases on the single-cell level. The techniques mentioned herein have already had significant impacts in our lives, from in-the-field diagnosis of disease and parasitic infections, through home fertility tests, to uncovering the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and their host cells. This review gives an overview of the field in general and the most notable developments of the last five years, in three parts: 1. What can we detect? 2. Which detection technologies are used in which setting? 3. How do these techniques work? Finally, this review discusses potentials, shortfalls, and an outlook on future developments, especially in respect to the funding landscape and the field-application of these chips."}, {"pmid": 32492293, "title": "A Randomized Trial of Hydroxychloroquine as Postexposure Prophylaxis for Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Boulware, David R", "Pullen, Matthew F", "Bangdiwala, Ananta S", "Pastick, Katelyn A", "Lofgren, Sarah M", "Okafor, Elizabeth C", "Skipper, Caleb P", "Nascene, Alanna A", "Nicol, Melanie R", "Abassi, Mahsa", "Engen, Nicole W", "Cheng, Matthew P", "LaBar, Derek", "Lother, Sylvain A", "MacKenzie, Lauren J", "Drobot, Glen", "Marten, Nicole", "Zarychanski, Ryan", "Kelly, Lauren E", "Schwartz, Ilan S", "McDonald, Emily G", "Rajasingham, Radha", "Lee, Todd C", "Hullsiek, Kathy H"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492293", "countries": ["United States", "Canada"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) occurs after exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). For persons who are exposed, the standard of care is observation and quarantine. Whether hydroxychloroquine can prevent symptomatic infection after SARS-CoV-2 exposure is unknown. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial across the United States and parts of Canada testing hydroxychloroquine as postexposure prophylaxis. We enrolled adults who had household or occupational exposure to someone with confirmed Covid-19 at a distance of less than 6 ft for more than 10 minutes while wearing neither a face mask nor an eye shield (high-risk exposure) or while wearing a face mask but no eye shield (moderate-risk exposure). Within 4 days after exposure, we randomly assigned participants to receive either placebo or hydroxychloroquine (800 mg once, followed by 600 mg in 6 to 8 hours, then 600 mg daily for 4 additional days). The primary outcome was the incidence of either laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 or illness compatible with Covid-19 within 14 days. We enrolled 821 asymptomatic participants. Overall, 87.6% of the participants (719 of 821) reported a high-risk exposure to a confirmed Covid-19 contact. The incidence of new illness compatible with Covid-19 did not differ significantly between participants receiving hydroxychloroquine (49 of 414 [11.8%]) and those receiving placebo (58 of 407 [14.3%]); the absolute difference was -2.4 percentage points (95% confidence interval, -7.0 to 2.2; P\u2009=\u20090.35). Side effects were more common with hydroxychloroquine than with placebo (40.1% vs. 16.8%), but no serious adverse reactions were reported. After high-risk or moderate-risk exposure to Covid-19, hydroxychloroquine did not prevent illness compatible with Covid-19 or confirmed infection when used as postexposure prophylaxis within 4 days after exposure. (Funded by David Baszucki and Jan Ellison Baszucki and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04308668.)."}, {"pmid": 32531628, "title": "Potential role of artificial intelligence to address the COVID-19 outbreak-related mental health issues in India.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Ransing, Ramdas", "Nagendrappa, Sachin", "Patil, Amol", "Shoib, Sheikh", "Sarkar, Dipayan"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531628", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353251, "pmcid": "PMC7185942", "title": "COVID-19 cytokine storm: the interplay between inflammation and coagulation.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Jose, Ricardo J", "Manuel, Ari"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353251", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473949, "title": "Do no harm: reaffirming the value of evidence and equipoise while minimizing cognitive bias in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Ramnath, Venktesh R", "McSharry, David G", "Malhotra, Atul"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473949", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324462, "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Hill, Barry"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324462", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324366, "title": "Organ replacement therapy and life-supporting treatment modalities in critically ill COVID-19 patients", "journal": "Orv Hetil", "authors": ["Berhes, Mariann", "Fabian, Akos", "Laszlo, Istvan", "Vegh, Tamas", "Molnar, Csilla", "Fulesdi, Bela", "Koszta, Gyorgy"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324366", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In critically ill COVID-19 patients, the failure of the cardiorespiratory system can be due to one of the following: (1) cytokine storm, haemophagocytosis \u2013 septic shock, (2) unmanageable hypoxemia, (3) isolated organ failure or as part of multi-organ failure. Herein we give an overview of the therapeutic options for treating or preventing these disease states. In recent years, CytoSorb-haemoperfusion to remove cytokines has shown promising results in the treatment of septic shock. Inhalational nitric oxide (iNO), inhalational epoprostenol and veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are options in severe hypoxemia that is unresponsive to conventional mechanical ventilation. Renal failure is a frequent component of the multi-organ failure usually seen with disease progression and necessitates starting one of the available continuous renal replacement modalities. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(17): 704\u2013709."}, {"pmid": 32496625, "title": "Personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic: a reply.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Cook, T M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496625", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32123994, "pmcid": "PMC7080165", "title": "Critical care crisis and some recommendations during the COVID-19 epidemic in China.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Xie, Jianfeng", "Tong, Zhaohui", "Guan, Xiangdong", "Du, Bin", "Qiu, Haibo", "Slutsky, Arthur S"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32123994", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341229, "title": "Saudi association for the study of liver diseases and transplantation position statement on liver transplantation during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Saudi J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Al-Judaibi, Bandar", "Almaghrabi, Reem", "Alghamdi, Mohammed", "Al-Hamoudi, Waleed K", "AlQahtani, Mohammed", "Abaalkhail, Faisal", "Shagrani, Mohammed", "Sanai, Faisal M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341229", "countries": ["Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO), on March 11th 2020, upgraded the status of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) from epidemic to pandemic. Over two million individuals have been infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, and as of April, 14th 2020, there were over 5000 confirmed cases in Saudi Arabia (SA). Many countries, including SA, have imposed major restrictions on travel, and everyday life, and the implications of these necessary changes are being felt in liver transplant (LT) centers in SA. Concerns remain that there is an increased risk for individuals over 65 years of age, with underlying medical conditions, or for those who are immunocompromised. Therefore, the Saudi Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and Transplantation (SASLT) established an urgent task force to launch a statement that can be utilized by LT centers as a guidance in the management of patients with advanced liver disease from the time of LT listing to the post-operative care of transplanted patients."}, {"pmid": 32114745, "title": "[Characteristics of peripheral blood leukocyte differential counts in patients with COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, Y X", "Wu, W", "Yang, T", "Zhou, W", "Fu, Y M", "Feng, Q M", "Ye, J M"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32114745", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the early changes of peripheral blood leukocyte differential counts in patients with COVID-19. Ten patients with COVID-19 and 30 patients with other viral pneumonia (non-COVID-19) admitted to Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital and Jinshan Branch Hospital from January 22 to February 17, 2020 were enrolled in this study. The differential counts of white blood cells were analyzed. Patients in COVID-19 group showed relatively lower absolute white blood cell (WBC) count 4.95(3.90,6.03)\u00d710(9)/L, lymphocyte absolute count 1.20(0.98,1.50)\u00d710(9)/L and eosinophil absolute count 0.01(0.01,0.01)\u00d710(9)/L. Leukopenia developed in two patients(2/10), lymphocytopenia also in two patients(2/10). Seven over ten patients presented with eosinophil cytopenia. In non-COVID-19 group, absolute WBC count was 8.20 (6.78,9.03) \u00d710(9)/L (P<0.001), lymphocyte absolute count 1.75(1.20,2.53)\u00d710(9)/L(P=0.036), eosinophil absolute count 0.02(0.01,0.03)\u00d710(9)/L(P=0.05). Lymphocytopenia occurred in (16.7%) patients, eosinophil cytopenia in 16.7% patients too. In conclusion, leukopenia, lymphocytopenia and eosinophil cytopenia are more common in COVID-19 patients than those in non- COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32426202, "pmcid": "PMC7228800", "title": "The Vacuum Assisted Negative Pressure Isolation Hood (VANISH) System: Novel Application of the Stryker Neptune Suction Machine to Create COVID-19 Negative Pressure Isolation Environments.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Convissar, David", "Chang, Connie Y", "Choi, Wonjae E", "Chang, Marvin G", "Bittner, Edward A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426202", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may remain viable in the air for up to three hours, placing health care workers in close proximity to aerosolizing procedures particularly at high risk for infection. This combined with the drastic shortage of negative pressure rooms hospitals worldwide has led to the rapid innovation of novel biohazard isolation hoods, which can be adapted to create negative pressure isolation environments around the patient's airway using the hospital wall suction, which carries many limitations, including weaker suction capabilities, single patient use, and immobility. Here, we report our Vacuum Assisted Negative Pressure Isolation Hood (VANISH) system that uses a mobile and readily available in most hospital operating rooms Stryker\u00a0Neptune\u2122 (Stryker Corporation, Kalamazoo, Michigan) high-powered suction system to more effectively create a negative pressure biohazard isolation environment. VANISH\u00a0has been utilized regularly in an anesthesia practice of 30+ providers and, to date, there have been no documented COVID-19 infections."}, {"pmid": 32518987, "title": "Early chest CT features of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia: relationship to diagnosis and prognosis.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Chen, Hui Juan", "Qiu, Jie", "Wu, Biao", "Huang, Tao", "Gao, Yunsuo", "Wang, Zhen Ping", "Chen, Yang", "Chen, Feng"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518987", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine the consistency between CT findings and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and to investigate the relationship between CT features and clinical prognosis in COVID-19. The clinical manifestations, laboratory parameters, and CT imaging findings were analyzed in 34 COVID-19 patients, confirmed by RT-PCR from January 20 to February 4 in Hainan Province. CT scores were compared between the discharged patients and the ICU patients. Fever (85%) and cough (79%) were most commonly seen. Ten (29%) patients demonstrated negative results on their first RT-PCR. Of the 34 (65%) patients, 22 showed pure ground-glass opacity. Of the 34 (50%) patients, 17 had five lobes of lung involvement, while the 23 (68%) patients had lower lobe involvement. The lesions of 24 (71%) patients were distributed mainly in the subpleural area. The initial CT lesions of ICU patients were distributed in both the subpleural area and centro-parenchyma (80%), and the lesions were scattered. Sixty percent of ICU patients had five lobes involved, while this was seen in only 25% of the discharged patients. The lesions of discharged patients were mainly in the subpleural area (75%). Of the discharged patients, 62.5% showed pure ground-glass opacities; 80% of the ICU patients were in the progressive stage, and 75% of the discharged patients were at an early stage. CT scores of the ICU patients were significantly higher than those of the discharged patients. Chest CT plays a crucial role in the early diagnosis of COVID-19, particularly for those patients with a negative RT-PCR. The initial features in CT may be associated with prognosis. \u2022 Chest CT is valuable for the early diagnosis of COVID-19, particularly for those patients with a negative RT-PCR. \u2022 The early CT findings of COVID-19 in ICU patients differed from those of discharged patients."}, {"pmid": 32433633, "title": "Coronavirus contact-tracing apps: can they slow the spread of COVID-19?", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Zastrow, Mark"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433633", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277530, "pmcid": "PMC7235519", "title": "COVID-19 and SARS: Differences and similarities.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Caldaria, Antonio", "Conforti, Claudio", "Di Meo, Nicola", "Dianzani, Caterina", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Lotti, Torello", "Zalaudek, Iris", "Giuffrida, Roberta"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277530", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443947, "title": "Glucose Monitoring and Diabetes Management in the Time of Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Welsh, John B", "Hu, Ginny", "Walker, Tomas C", "Sharma, Neeta", "Chernavvsky, Daniel"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443947", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452084, "title": "Pertinent roles of African higher institutions in the COVID-19 pandemic response: The University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; An African Model.", "journal": "Int J Health Plann Manage", "authors": ["Durotoye, Idayat", "Odunola, Rasheed", "Adeyemi, Oluwapelumi", "Akanmu, Alex", "Bolarinwa, Oladimeji", "Adeboye, Muhammed", "Abdullahi, Ali", "Bolajoko, Zulkarnain", "Durosinmi, Wasiu", "Adebisi, George", "Aduloju, Veronica"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452084", "countries": ["Nigeria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424698, "pmcid": "PMC7232921", "title": "In reply: Making transesophageal echocardiography safer during COVID-19: is there a role for probe protective equipment (pPE)?", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Bracco, David"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424698", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519529, "title": "Impact on rehabilitation programs during Covid-19 containment for children with pediatric and perinatal stroke.", "journal": "Eur J Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Bertamino, Marta", "Cornaglia, Sara", "Zanetti, Alice", "Di Rocco, Alessia", "Ronchetti, Anna", "Signa, Sara", "Severino, Mariasavina", "Moretti, Paolo"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519529", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450108, "pmcid": "PMC7255177", "title": "Compassion in a time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Galea, Sandro"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450108", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466822, "title": "Experiences and practices in the current prevention and control of the novel coronavirus pneumonia in China.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Shao, Shen", "Zhou, Zichen", "Li, Yue", "Liu, Shuyu", "Lu, Lu", "Hou, Shike", "Fan, Bin", "Cao, Chunxia", "Fan, Haojun"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466822", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a number of new infectious diseases, mainly lung diseases caused by novel coronavirus infections, have been discovered in Wuhan, Hubei province. With the spread of the epidemic, cases in other regions of China and abroad have been confirmed. This sudden outbreak of a new type of infectious disease has seriously threatened people's health and safety, and China has adopted strong prevention and control measures in response. To provide a reference for international health emergency management workers, this article summarizes, from an academic perspective, the main prevention and control measures taken in China."}, {"pmid": 32243777, "pmcid": "PMC7270965", "title": "Refugee and migrant health in the COVID-19 response.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Kluge, Hans Henri P", "Jakab, Zsuzsanna", "Bartovic, Jozef", "D'Anna, Veronika", "Severoni, Santino"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243777", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32235945, "title": "Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Wolfel, Roman", "Corman, Victor M", "Guggemos, Wolfgang", "Seilmaier, Michael", "Zange, Sabine", "Muller, Marcel A", "Niemeyer, Daniela", "Jones, Terry C", "Vollmar, Patrick", "Rothe, Camilla", "Hoelscher, Michael", "Bleicker, Tobias", "Brunink, Sebastian", "Schneider, Julia", "Ehmann, Rosina", "Zwirglmaier, Katrin", "Drosten, Christian", "Wendtner, Clemens"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235945", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease\u00a02019 (COVID-19) is an acute infection of the respiratory tract that emerged in late 20191,2. Initial outbreaks in China involved 13.8% of cases with severe courses, and 6.1% of cases with critical courses3. This severe presentation may result from the virus using a virus receptor that is expressed predominantly in the lung2,4; the same receptor tropism is thought to have determined the pathogenicity-but also aided in the control-of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 20035. However, there are reports of cases of COVID-19 in which the patient shows mild upper respiratory tract symptoms, which suggests the potential for pre- or oligosymptomatic transmission6-8. There is an urgent need for information on virus replication, immunity and infectivity in specific sites of the body. Here we report a detailed virological analysis of nine cases of COVID-19 that provides proof of active virus replication in tissues of the upper respiratory tract. Pharyngeal virus shedding was very high during the first week of symptoms, with a peak at 7.11\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0108\u00a0RNA copies per throat swab on day\u00a04. Infectious virus was readily isolated from samples derived from the throat or lung, but not from stool samples-in spite of high concentrations of virus RNA. Blood and urine samples never yielded virus. Active replication in the throat was confirmed by the presence of viral replicative RNA intermediates in the throat samples. We consistently detected sequence-distinct virus populations in throat and lung samples from one patient, proving independent replication. The shedding of viral RNA from sputum outlasted the end of symptoms. Seroconversion occurred after 7\u00a0days in 50% of patients (and by day\u00a014 in all patients), but was not followed by a rapid decline in viral load. COVID-19 can present as a mild illness of the upper respiratory tract. The confirmation of active virus replication in the upper respiratory tract has implications for the containment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32412511, "title": "High-flow cannulas will be required with current COVID-19 crisis, not only mechanical ventilators.", "journal": "Gac Med Mex", "authors": ["Santos, Edgar", "Ramirez-Cuapio, Francisco L", "Remes-Diaz, Lorena T", "Sanchez-Porras, Renan"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412511", "countries": ["Mexico"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome progression, which ranges from mild to severe. A percentage of critically ill patients will require endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation; therefore, Mexican engineers from different places have had the initiative of creating mechanical ventilators. Although artificial ventilator is one of the last resources for the most severely ill patients, there are patients who are on the verge of not meeting the criteria for intubation; if they are directly intubated, the opportunity for them to overcome the severe phase with high concentration supplemental oxygen would be be missed. Intubation per se induces lung damage, increases the risk of superinfection, and the number of days of ICU stay. Furthermore, non-selective use of artificial ventilators decreases the opportunity for patients who require a ventilator to survive and increases institutional care costs of both human and material resources."}, {"pmid": 32142938, "pmcid": "PMC7106073", "title": "Nonstructural proteins NS7b and NS8 are likely to be phylogenetically associated with evolution of 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "Infect Genet Evol", "authors": ["Fahmi, Muhamad", "Kubota, Yukihiko", "Ito, Masahiro"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32142938", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The seventh novel human infecting Betacoronavirus that causes pneumonia (2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV) originated in Wuhan, China. The evolutionary relationship between 2019-nCoV and the other human respiratory illness-causing coronavirus is not closely related. We sought to characterize the relationship of the translated proteins of 2019-nCoV with other species of Orthocoronavirinae. A phylogenetic tree was constructed from the genome sequences. A cluster tree was developed from the profiles retrieved from the presence and absence of homologs of ten 2019-nCoV proteins. The combined data were used to characterize the relationship of the translated proteins of 2019-nCoV to other species of Orthocoronavirinae. Our analysis reliably suggests that 2019-nCoV is most closely related to BatCoV RaTG13 and belongs to subgenus Sarbecovirus of Betacoronavirus, together with SARS coronavirus and Bat-SARS-like coronavirus. The phylogenetic profiling cluster of homolog proteins of one annotated 2019-nCoV protein against other genome sequences revealed two clades of ten 2019-nCoV proteins. Clade 1 consisted of a group of conserved proteins in Orthocoronavirinae comprising Orf1ab polyprotein, Nucleocapsid protein, Spike glycoprotein, and Membrane protein. Clade 2 comprised six proteins exclusive to Sarbecovirus and Hibecovirus. Two of six Clade 2 nonstructural proteins, NS7b and NS8, were exclusively conserved among 2019-nCoV, BetaCoV_RaTG, and BatSARS-like Cov. NS7b and NS8 have previously been shown to affect immune response signaling in the SARS-CoV experimental model. Thus, we speculated that knowledge of the functional changes in the NS7b and NS8 proteins during evolution may provide important information to explore the human infective property of 2019-nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32520751, "title": "Accelerated Graduation and the Deployment of New Physicians During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Flotte, Terence R", "Larkin, Anne C", "Fischer, Melissa A", "Chimienti, Sonia N", "DeMarco, Deborah M", "Fan, Pang-Yen", "Collins, Michael F"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520751", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has presented unprecedented challenges and opportunities for medical schools in the United States. In this Invited Commentary, the authors describe a unique collaboration between the University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMMS), the only public medical school in the state; the University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center (UMMMC); and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Through this partnership, UMMS was able to graduate fourth-year medical students 2 months early and deploy them to UMMMC to care for patients and alleviate workforce shortages during the COVID-19 surge, which peaked in Massachusetts in April 2020. The authors describe how they determined if students had fulfilled graduation requirements to graduate early, what commencement and the accompanying awards ceremony looked like this year as virtual events, the special emergency 90-day limited license these new graduates were given to practice at UMMMC during this time, and the impact these new physicians had in the hospital allowing residents and attendings to be redeployed to care for COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32478569, "title": "Reply to \"Critical Review of the Literature on Chest CT and Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Data Adjustment\".", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Raptis, Constantine A", "Hammer, Mark M", "Henry, Travis S"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478569", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519136, "title": "Treat all COVID 19-positive patients, but do not forget those negative with chronic diseases.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Mauro, Vigano", "Lorenzo, Mantovani", "Paolo, Cozzolino", "Sergio, Harari"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519136", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has distressed our working practice. Infectious disease specialists, pneumologists and intensivists were not enough to face the enormous amount of patients that needed hospital care; therefore, many doctors have been recruited from other medical specialties trying to take care of as many patients as possible. The 'call to duty' of such doctors for urgent COVID-19 cases, however, diverted the attention from the care of patients with chronic conditions, which might have been neglected or undervalued. In this extremely difficult time, the standard of care of chronic patients has been reduced and this might have determined an increased rate of complications secondary to undermanagement. Thousands of patients with acute and chronic non-COVID-19 conditions have not accessed specialist care in the last weeks in Italy. Moreover, even those patients who have had scheduled an outpatient visit did not attend it for fear of leaving their home or due to the inability to go. During the pandemic, there was a drastic reduction in the number of hospital admissions for any medical conditions different from COVID-19. Self-presentation to the emergency department (ED) has been discouraged and the patients' own fear of being infected by going to the hospital led to also a significant decrease in ED access. During the lockdown, in San Giuseppe Hospital MultiMedica IRCCS, Milan, the ED admissions dropped from the mean of 2361/month in December 2019-February 2020 to 1102 (-\u00a053%) and 861 (-\u00a063%) in March and April 2020, respectively. For all the above-mentioned reasons, it is possible that some clinical conditions will further progress with a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. To prevent this, it is essential that patients with chronic conditions should be at least monitored and managed with telephone or online health consultation, identifying those who need urgent access to care, prioritizing outpatient visits based on disease severity. Patients with mild conditions could be managed outside the hospital by implementing telemedicine and creating networks of general practitioners who can consult with in-hospital specialists."}, {"pmid": 32407967, "pmcid": "PMC7214300", "title": "COVID-19: an overview of worldwide recommendations for management of patients with liver diseases or liver transplantation.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Perazzo, Hugo", "Piedade, Juliana", "Castro, Rodolfo", "Pinto, Laura", "Veloso, Valdilea G", "Grinsztejn, Beatriz", "Pereira, Gustavo", "Fernandes, Flavia F"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407967", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384820, "title": "Protocol and Reagents for Pseudotyping Lentiviral Particles with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein for Neutralization Assays.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Crawford, Katharine H D", "Eguia, Rachel", "Dingens, Adam S", "Loes, Andrea N", "Malone, Keara D", "Wolf, Caitlin R", "Chu, Helen Y", "Tortorici, M Alejandra", "Veesler, David", "Murphy, Michael", "Pettie, Deleah", "King, Neil P", "Balazs, Alejandro B", "Bloom, Jesse D"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384820", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 enters cells using its Spike protein, which is also the main target of neutralizing antibodies. Therefore, assays to measure how antibodies and sera affect Spike-mediated viral infection are important for studying immunity. Because SARS-CoV-2 is a biosafety-level-3 virus, one way to simplify such assays is to pseudotype biosafety-level-2 viral particles with Spike. Such pseudotyping has now been described for single-cycle lentiviral, retroviral, and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) particles, but the reagents and protocols are not widely available. Here, we detailed how to effectively pseudotype lentiviral particles with SARS-CoV-2 Spike and infect 293T cells engineered to express the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, ACE2. We also made all the key experimental reagents available in the BEI Resources repository of ATCC and the NIH. Furthermore, we demonstrated how these pseudotyped lentiviral particles could be used to measure the neutralizing activity of human sera or plasma against SARS-CoV-2 in convenient luciferase-based assays, thereby providing a valuable complement to ELISA-based methods that measure antibody binding rather than neutralization."}, {"pmid": 32509818, "pmcid": "PMC7262623", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and liver damage: a possible pathogenetic link.", "journal": "Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr", "authors": ["Abenavoli, Ludovico", "Gentile, Ivan", "Maraolo, Alberto Enrico", "Negro, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509818", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530531, "title": "Are co-infections with COVID-19 and Influenza low or underreported? An observational study examining current published literature including three new unpublished cases.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Antony, Suresh J", "Almaghlouth, Nouf K", "Heydemann, Emily L"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530531", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, one major point of uncertainty is the impact this novel pathogen will have during the upcoming 2020-2021 flu season. While the influenza virus is a known contributor to human morbidity and mortality, the question of how a coinfection between COVID-19 and influenza might manifest is of utmost concern. The aim of this study was to review the limited cases of COVID-19/influenza coinfection currently available in the literature, along with cases in the community of El Paso, Texas, to determine whether any patterns of clinical presentation and morbidity emerged. An international review of the literature was conducted. Six published articles describing COVID-19/influenza coinfection were identified, with a total of thirteen patients described therein. Three additional patients were identified from the El Paso, Texas data. The most common presenting symptoms were fever and cough. The most common laboratory findings were elevated C-reactive protein and lymphocytopenia. Thirteen patients presented with viral pneumonia findings on CT, and nine had findings of ground-glass opacity. Finally, complications were reported in six patients, with most common complication being acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The results of the review indicate that, due to the similarity in presentation between COVID-19 and influenza, further analysis will be required to understand the effects of coinfection on morbidity and mortality. However, the limited number of coinfection cases in the literature indicates that the implementation of COVID-19 control measures may continue to play a role in limiting the spread of these human respiratory pathogens. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32345446, "pmcid": "PMC7195080", "title": "Otolaryngology during COVID-19: Preventive care and precautionary measures.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Zhao, Chen", "Viana, Alonco Jr", "Wang, Yan", "Wei, Hong-Quan", "Yan, Ai-Hui", "Capasso, Robson"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345446", "countries": ["China", "Brazil", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in December 2019, it has spread to various regions and countries, forming a global pandemic. Reducing nosocomial infection is a new issue and challenge for all healthcare systems. Otolaryngology is a high-risk specialty as it close contact with upper respiratory tract mucous, secretions, droplets and aerosols during procedures and surgery. Therefore, infection prevention and control measures for this specialty are essential. Literatures on the epidemiology, clinical characteristics and infection control measures of COVID-19 were reviewed, practical knowledge from first-line otolaryngologists in China, the United States, and Brazil were reviewed and collated. It was recommended that otolaryngology professionals should improve screening in suspected patients with relevant nasal and pharyngeal symptoms and signs, suspend non-emergency consultations and examinations in clinics, and rearrange the working procedures in operating rooms. The guidelines of personal protective equipment for swab sampling, endoscopy and surgery were listed. Indications for tracheotomy during the pandemic should be carefully considered to avoid unnecessary airway opening and aerosol-generation; precautions during surgery to reduce the risk of exposure and infection were illustrated. This review aimed to provide recommendations for otolaryngologists to enhance personal protection against COVID-19 and reduce the risk of nosocomial infection."}, {"pmid": 32428379, "title": "Understanding SARS-CoV-2 endocytosis for COVID-19 drug repurposing.", "journal": "FEBS J", "authors": ["Glebov, Oleg O"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428379", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The quest for the effective treatment against coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus 2(CoV-2) coronavirus is hampered by the lack of knowledge concerning the basic cell biology of the infection. Given that most viruses use endocytosis to enter the host cell, mechanistic investigation of SARS-CoV-2 infection needs to consider the diversity of endocytic pathways available for SARS-CoV-2 entry in the human lung epithelium. Taking advantage of the well-established methodology of membrane trafficking studies, this research direction allows for the rapid characterisation of the key cell biological mechanism(s) responsible for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, 11 clinically approved generic drugs are identified as potential candidates for repurposing as blockers of several potential routes for SARS-CoV-2 endocytosis. More broadly, the paradigm of targeting a fundamental aspect of human cell biology to protect against infection may be advantageous in the context of future pandemic outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32222993, "pmcid": "PMC7228393", "title": "Genomic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of SARS-COV-2 in Italy.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zehender, Gianguglielmo", "Lai, Alessia", "Bergna, Annalisa", "Meroni, Luca", "Riva, Agostino", "Balotta, Claudia", "Tarkowski, Maciej", "Gabrieli, Arianna", "Bernacchia, Dario", "Rusconi, Stefano", "Rizzardini, Giuliano", "Antinori, Spinello", "Galli, Massimo"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222993", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This report describes the isolation, molecular characterization, and phylogenetic analysis of the first three complete genomes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) isolated from three patients involved in the first outbreak of COVID-19 in Lombardy, Italy. Early molecular epidemiological tracing suggests that SARS-CoV-2 was present in Italy weeks before the first reported cases of infection."}, {"pmid": 32294262, "pmcid": "PMC7262048", "title": "Comment on: Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: a first perspective. Safety concerns of clinical images and skin biopsies.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Fernandez-Nieto, D", "Ortega-Quijano, D", "Segurado-Miravalles, G", "Pindado-Ortega, C", "Prieto-Barrios, M", "Jimenez-Cauhe, J"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294262", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406081, "title": "Air care: an 'aerography' of breath, buildings and bugs in the cystic fibrosis clinic.", "journal": "Sociol Health Illn", "authors": ["Brown, Nik", "Buse, Chrissy", "Lewis, Alan", "Martin, Daryl", "Nettleton, Sarah"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406081", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With significant relevance to the Covid-19 pandemic, this paper contributes to emerging 'aerographic' research on the socio-materialities of air and breath, based on an in-depth empirical study of three hospital-based lung infection clinics treating people with cystic fibrosis. We begin by outlining the changing place of atmosphere in hospital design from the pre-antibiotic period and into the present. We then turn to the first of three aerographic themes where air becomes a matter of grasping and visualising otherwise invisible airborne infections. This includes imagining patients located within bodily spheres or 'cloud bodies', conceptually anchored in Irigaray's thoughts on the 'forgetting of the air' and Sloterdijk's immunitary 'spherology' of the body. Our second theme explores the material politics of air, air conditioning, window design and the way competing 'air regimes' come into conflict with each other at the interface of buildings, bodies and the biotic. Our final theme attends to the 'cost of air', the aero-economic problem of atmospheric scarcity within modern high-rise, deep-density healthcare architectures."}, {"pmid": 32267964, "pmcid": "PMC7262124", "title": "Infection control in non-clinical areas during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Ling, L", "Wong, W T", "Wan, W T P", "Choi, G", "Joynt, G M"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267964", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327291, "pmcid": "PMC7158796", "title": "Bioactive Lipids and Coronavirus (COVID-19).", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Yasri, Sora", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327291", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32186278, "pmcid": "PMC7096775", "title": "Influenza-associated pneumonia as reference to assess seriousness of coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Tolksdorf, Kristin", "Buda, Silke", "Schuler, Ekkehard", "Wieler, Lothar H", "Haas, Walter"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32186278", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Information on severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) (transmissibility, disease seriousness, impact) is crucial for preparation of healthcare sectors. We present a simple approach to assess disease seriousness, creating a reference cohort of pneumonia patients from sentinel hospitals. First comparisons exposed a higher rate of COVID-19 patients requiring ventilation. There were more case fatalities among COVID-19 patients without comorbidities than in the reference cohort. Hospitals should prepare for high utilisation of ventilation and intensive care resources."}, {"pmid": 32297904, "title": "Finding Ways to Reduce Coronavirus Exposure During Dialysis.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Rubin, Rita"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297904", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298643, "pmcid": "PMC7128642", "title": "Operational Strategies to Prevent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Spread in Radiology: Experience From a Singapore Radiology Department After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Goh, Yonggeng", "Chua, Wynne", "Lee, Joseph K T", "Ang, Bertrand Wei Leng", "Liang, Chong Ri", "Tan, Choon Ann", "Choong, Denise Ai Wen", "Hoon, Hui Xiang", "Ong, Michael Kah Leong", "Quek, Swee Tian"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298643", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection spreads globally, the demand for chest imaging will inevitably rise with an accompanying increase in risk of disease transmission to frontline radiology staff. Radiology departments should implement strict infection control measures and robust operational plans to minimize disease transmission and mitigate potential impact of possible staff infection. In this article, the authors share several operational guidelines and strategies implemented in our practice to reduce spread of COVID-19 and maintain clinical and educational needs of a teaching hospital."}, {"pmid": 32294372, "title": "Audio Interview: Caring for Patients with Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubin, Eric J", "Baden, Lindsey R", "Morrissey, Stephen"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294372", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369419, "title": "Surfing the Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic As A Cardiovascular Clinician.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Kohli, Payal", "Virani, Salim S"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369419", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395849, "pmcid": "PMC7273007", "title": "Incidence of Anxiety in Parkinson's Disease During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "Mov Disord", "authors": ["Salari, Mehri", "Zali, Alireza", "Ashrafi, Farzad", "Etemadifar, Masoud", "Sharma, Soumya", "Hajizadeh, Nastaran", "Ashourizadeh, Helia"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395849", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459353, "pmcid": "PMC7254178", "title": "Comparison of Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Asymptomatic vs Symptomatic Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Yang, Rongrong", "Gui, Xien", "Xiong, Yong"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459353", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32198775, "pmcid": "PMC7228238", "title": "Is There a Role for Lung Ultrasound During the COVID-19 Pandemic?", "journal": "J Ultrasound Med", "authors": ["Soldati, Gino", "Smargiassi, Andrea", "Inchingolo, Riccardo", "Buonsenso, Danilo", "Perrone, Tiziano", "Briganti, Domenica Federica", "Perlini, Stefano", "Torri, Elena", "Mariani, Alberto", "Mossolani, Elisa Eleonora", "Tursi, Francesco", "Mento, Federico", "Demi, Libertario"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198775", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399213, "pmcid": "PMC7211507", "title": "Dynamics of peripheral immune cells and their HLA-G and receptor expressions in a patient suffering from critical COVID-19 pneumonia to convalescence.", "journal": "Clin Transl Immunology", "authors": ["Zhang, Sheng", "Gan, Jun", "Chen, Bao-Guo", "Zheng, Dan", "Zhang, Jian-Gang", "Lin, Rong-Hai", "Zhou, Yi-Ping", "Yang, Wei-Ying", "Lin, Aifen", "Yan, Wei-Hua"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399213", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Host immune responses are indispensable to combat the disease. We report the dynamics of peripheral immune cells, cytokines, and human leucocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) and its receptor expressions in a patient suffering from critical COVID-19 pneumonia to convalescence. Clinical data of the patient were collected from medical records. The expressions of HLA-G and receptors ILT2, ILT4 and KIR2DL4 in peripheral immune cells were measured with flow cytometry. From critical COVID-19 to the convalescent stage, early lymphopenia was improved (median: 0.6\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0109\u00a0L-1 vs. 0.9\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0109\u00a0L-1, P\u00a0=\u00a00.009), and an obvious fluctuation in WBC and neutrophil counts was observed. Initially, low levels of CD4+ T cells (from 120 to 528\u00a0\u03bcL-1) and CD8+ T cells (from 68 to 362\u00a0\u03bcL-1) gradually increased to normal levels. Meanwhile, high IL-6 (from 251.8 to 6.32\u00a0pg\u00a0mL-1), IL-10 (from 39.53 to 5.21\u00a0pg\u00a0mL-1) and IFN-\u03b3 (from 13.55 to 3.16\u00a0pg\u00a0mL-1) levels decreased, and IL-4 (from 2.36 to 3.19\u00a0pg\u00a0mL-1) and TNF-\u03b1 (from 2.27 to 20.2\u00a0pg\u00a0mL-1) levels increased quickly when the viral RNA returned negative. Moreover, the percentage of HLA-G+ T cells, B cells and monocytes follows high-low-high pattern, while the percentage of receptors ILT2-, ILT4- and KIR2DL4-expressing cells remained relatively stable. Our findings provide valuable information on the dynamics of early peripheral immunological responses in SARS-CoV-2 infection. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, cytokines and HLA-G+ immune cells are associated with the natural history of the critical COVID-19 patient; however, future studies are necessary."}, {"pmid": 32161940, "pmcid": "PMC7108125", "title": "Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Qin, Chuan", "Zhou, Luoqi", "Hu, Ziwei", "Zhang, Shuoqi", "Yang, Sheng", "Tao, Yu", "Xie, Cuihong", "Ma, Ke", "Shang, Ke", "Wang, Wei", "Tian, Dai-Shi"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32161940", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan and rapidly spread throughout China. Demographic and clinical data of all confirmed cases with COVID-19 on admission at Tongji Hospital from January 10 to February 12, 2020, were collected and analyzed. The data of laboratory examinations, including peripheral lymphocyte subsets, were analyzed and compared between severe and non-severe patients. Of the 452 patients with COVID-19 recruited, 286 were diagnosed as severe infection. The median age was 58 years and 235 were male. The most common symptoms were fever, shortness of breath, expectoration, fatigue, dry cough and myalgia. Severe cases tend to have lower lymphocytes counts, higher leukocytes counts and neutrophil-lymphocyte-ratio (NLR), as well as lower percentages of monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Most of severe cases demonstrated elevated levels of infection-related biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines. The number of T cells significantly decreased, and more hampered in severe cases. Both helper T cells and suppressor T cells in patients with COVID-19 were below normal levels, and lower level of helper T cells in severe group. The percentage of na\u00efve helper T cells increased and memory helper T cells decreased in severe cases. Patients with COVID-19 also have lower level of regulatory T cells, and more obviously damaged in severe cases. The novel coronavirus might mainly act on lymphocytes, especially T lymphocytes. Surveillance of NLR and lymphocyte subsets is helpful in the early screening of critical illness, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32271871, "title": "Ensuring Access to Medications in the US During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Alexander, G Caleb", "Qato, Dima M"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271871", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234149, "title": "[The way to reduce the false negative results of 2019 novel coronavirus nucleic acid detection].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, R", "Li, J M"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234149", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32232520, "pmcid": "PMC7105959", "title": "Facing a disruptive threat: how can a nuclear medicine service be prepared for the coronavirus outbreak 2020?", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Lam, Winnie Wing-Chuen", "Loke, Kelvin Siu-Hoong", "Wong, Wai Yin", "Ng, David Chee-Eng"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232520", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this short communication is to outline our experience in policies and processes of a nuclear medicine service during the COVID-19 outbreak in Singapore. We describe the key considerations of policies and processes that have been implemented in our nuclear medicine service since the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in Singapore General Hospital on 23 January 2020, up to the present time. Infection control, screening of patients and visitors, segregation of risk groups, segregation of staff and service continuity plans, communication and staff welfare, using electronic platforms for multi-disciplinary meetings and tele-reporting are discussed. Since our hospital received the first patient with COVID-19 in Singapore, our centre has managed 16 COVID-19 cases to date. There has not been any healthcare worker in our institution who has contracted COVID-19 through patient contact. We have highlighted for discussion some of the policies and processes to prepare a nuclear medicine service for the COVID-19 threat."}, {"pmid": 32404416, "title": "The airborne lifetime of small speech droplets and their potential importance in SARS-CoV-2 transmission.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Stadnytskyi, Valentyn", "Bax, Christina E", "Bax, Adriaan", "Anfinrud, Philip"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404416", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Speech droplets generated by asymptomatic carriers of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are increasingly considered to be a likely mode of disease transmission. Highly sensitive laser light scattering observations have revealed that loud speech can emit thousands of oral fluid droplets per second. In a closed, stagnant air environment, they disappear from the window of view with time constants in the range of 8 to 14 min, which corresponds to droplet nuclei of ca. 4 \u03bcm diameter, or 12- to 21-\u03bcm droplets prior to dehydration. These observations confirm that there is a substantial probability that normal speaking causes airborne virus transmission in confined environments."}, {"pmid": 32242895, "title": "Experiences and lesson strategies for cardiology from the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China, by 'on the scene' cardiologists.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Zhang, Lin", "Fan, Yongzhen", "Lu, Zhibing"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242895", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242889, "title": "Personal Risk and Societal Obligation Amidst COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Tsai, Cynthia"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242889", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380511, "title": "The pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 in hACE2 transgenic mice.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Bao, Linlin", "Deng, Wei", "Huang, Baoying", "Gao, Hong", "Liu, Jiangning", "Ren, Lili", "Wei, Qiang", "Yu, Pin", "Xu, Yanfeng", "Qi, Feifei", "Qu, Yajin", "Li, Fengdi", "Lv, Qi", "Wang, Wenling", "Xue, Jing", "Gong, Shuran", "Liu, Mingya", "Wang, Guanpeng", "Wang, Shunyi", "Song, Zhiqi", "Zhao, Linna", "Liu, Peipei", "Zhao, Li", "Ye, Fei", "Wang, Huijuan", "Zhou, Weimin", "Zhu, Na", "Zhen, Wei", "Yu, Haisheng", "Zhang, Xiaojuan", "Guo, Li", "Chen, Lan", "Wang, Conghui", "Wang, Ying", "Wang, Xinming", "Xiao, Yan", "Sun, Qiangming", "Liu, Hongqi", "Zhu, Fanli", "Ma, Chunxia", "Yan, Lingmei", "Yang, Mengli", "Han, Jun", "Xu, Wenbo", "Tan, Wenjie", "Peng, Xiaozhong", "Jin, Qi", "Wu, Guizhen", "Qin, Chuan"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380511", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in China and has become a public health emergency of international concern1. Because angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the cell entry receptor of SARS-CoV5, we used transgenic mice bearing human ACE2 and infected with SARS-CoV-2 to study the pathogenicity of the virus. Weight loss and virus replication in lung were observed in hACE2 mice infected with SARS-CoV-2. The typical histopathology was interstitial pneumonia with infiltration of significant macrophages and lymphocytes into the alveolar interstitium, and accumulation of macrophages in alveolar cavities. Viral antigens were observed in the bronchial epithelial cells, macrophages and alveolar epithelia. The phenomenon was not found in wild-type mice with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Notably, we have confirmed the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 in hACE2 mice. The mouse model with SARS-CoV-2 infection will be valuable for evaluating antiviral therapeutics and vaccines as well as understanding the pathogenesis of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32249184, "pmcid": "PMC7138184", "title": "Can COVID-19 present unusual GI symptoms?", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Hormati, Ahmad", "Shahhamzeh, Alireza", "Afifian, Mahboubeh", "Khodadust, Fatemeh", "Ahmadpour, Sajjad"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249184", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292637, "pmcid": "PMC7141553", "title": "Application of refined management in the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic in non-isolated areas of a general hospital.", "journal": "Int J Nurs Sci", "authors": ["Xu, Caijuan", "Jin, Jingfen", "Song, Jianping", "Yang, Yan", "Yao, Meiqi", "Zhang, Yuping", "Zao, Ruiyi", "Chen, Zhimei"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292637", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article summarizes the experience in the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) epidemic in non-isolated areas in a general hospital. Based on refined management theory, we professionally developed the standards for prevention and control of COVID-19 in non-isolated areas, systematically implemented various prevention and control measures, performed gridding audit, effectively communicated among teams and between doctors and patients assisted by information techniques, and reported results for quality improvement. There was no hospital acquired COVID-19 infections among staff in the hospital. The rates of mask wearing, epidemiological history screening and the medical supplies disinfection were all 100% in the hospital. The accuracy rate of mask wearing of patients and their families was 73.79% and the compliance of their hand hygiene was 40.78%. Refined management strategies for the prevention and control of COVID-19 infection in non-isolated areas of the general hospital are effective. The accuracy rate of mask wearing and hand hygiene compliance of patients and their families need to be further improved."}, {"pmid": 32142622, "pmcid": "PMC7130057", "title": "Risk of COVID-19 for patients with cancer.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["Xia, Yang", "Jin, Rui", "Zhao, Jing", "Li, Wen", "Shen, Huahao"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32142622", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32284735, "pmcid": "PMC7119227", "title": "Potential neurological symptoms of COVID-19.", "journal": "Ther Adv Neurol Disord", "authors": ["Wang, Hai-Yang", "Li, Xue-Lin", "Yan, Zhong-Rui", "Sun, Xiao-Pei", "Han, Jie", "Zhang, Bing-Wei"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284735", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461672, "pmcid": "PMC7251555", "title": "Kawasaki disease linked to COVID-19 in children.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Moreira, Alvaro"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461672", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503898, "title": "Grand rounds: a precious resource to be nurtured.", "journal": "Pract Neurol", "authors": ["Ross Russell, Amy L", "Reilly, Mary M", "Turner, Martin R"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503898", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404498, "title": "Continuing medical education during a pandemic: an academic institution's experience.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Kanneganti, Abhiram", "Sia, Ching-Hui", "Ashokka, Balakrishnan", "Ooi, Shirley Beng Suat"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404498", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has affected healthcare systems worldwide. The disruption to hospital routines has affected continuing medical education (CME) for specialty trainees (STs). We share our academic institution's experience in mitigating the disruption on the CME programme amidst the pandemic. Most specialty training programmes had switched to videoconferencing to maintain teaching. Some programmes also utilized small group teachings with precautions and e-learning modules. Surgical residencies were disproportionately affected due to reductions in elective procedures but some ways to provide continued surgical exposure include going through archived surgical videos with technical pointers from experienced faculty and usage of surgical simulators . We should adapt CME sessions to keep trainees up to date with core clinical competencies as they will continue to manage both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 cases and this pandemic may last until year's end."}, {"pmid": 32468988, "title": "The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the medico-legal and human rights of psychiatric patients.", "journal": "Eur Psychiatry", "authors": ["Thome, Johannes", "Coogan, Andrew N", "Simon, Frederick", "Fischer, Matthias", "Tucha, Oliver", "Faltraco, Frank", "Marazziti, Donatella", "Butzer, Hermann"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468988", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has raised significant concerns for population mental health and the effective provision of mental health services in the light of increased demands and barriers to service delivery [1]. Particular attention is being directed toward the possible neuropsychiatric sequelae of both COVID-19 and of the stringent societal mitigation steps deployed by national governments, concerns that are informed by historical increases in the incidence of psychotic disorders following influenza pandemics [2]. However, so far there has been scant attention paid to other important areas of psychiatry during COVID-19, including medico-legal aspects and human rights. In this paper, we discuss the legal implications for psychiatry of the COVID-19 pandemic and report a novel situation in which psychiatric patients may experience diminution of their statutory protections. We believe that this represents a paradigm shift in psychiatric care and that the consideration of the fundamental rights of psychiatric patients as \"less important\" than infection control measures compel mental health professionals to \"advocate for \u2026 patients and their caregivers\" in this time of crisis [1]."}, {"pmid": 32407899, "pmcid": "PMC7212982", "title": "Onco-gynecologic surgery in the COVID-19 era: Risks and precautions-A position paper from FRANCOGYN, SCGP, SFCO, and SFOG.", "journal": "J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod", "authors": ["Lavoue, Vincent", "Akladios, Cherif", "Gladieff, Laurence", "Classe, Jean-Marc", "Lecuru, Fabrice", "Collinet, Pierre"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407899", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423754, "pmcid": "PMC7200340", "title": "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiac CT.", "journal": "J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr", "authors": ["Blankstein, Ron"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423754", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344467, "pmcid": "PMC7267313", "title": "What do monitoring platelet counts in COVID-19 teach us?", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Thachil, Jecko"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344467", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414622, "pmcid": "PMC7211702", "title": "Intravenous Thrombolysis for Stroke in a COVID-19 Positive Filipino Patient, a Case Report.", "journal": "J Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Co, Christian Oliver C", "Yu, Jeryl Ritzi T", "Laxamana, Lina C", "David-Ona, Deborah Ignacia A"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414622", "countries": ["China", "Philippines"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which was first reported in Wuhan, China last December 2019, has been declared an emergency by the World Health Organization but eventually progressed to become a Pandemic. To date, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected at least 100,000 individuals worldwide, reaching thousands of mortalities (Zhou et al., 2020; World Health Organization, 2020). In the Philippines, the number of COVID-19 confirmed positive cases is over 636 and is expected to rise (Department of Health, 2020). Respiratory infections alongside their comorbidities can induce acute myocardial infarction and acute ischemic stroke (Warren-Gash et al., 2018) [3]. These may further bring challenges in the management and administration of Intravenous (IV) Alteplase in eligible patients. Currently, there are no case reports in the administration IV Altepase in ischemic stroke patients who are COVID-19 positive. We present a case of a 62-year old female who was admitted due to cough, colds and shortness of breath of 2\u00a0weeks duration and was tested to be COVD-19 positive. She suffered from an ischemic stroke while in the Medical Intensive Care Unit and was given Intravenous thrombolysis."}, {"pmid": 32473781, "pmcid": "PMC7192068", "title": "Optimising Secondary Prevention and Cardiac Rehabilitation for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Position Statement from the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ).", "journal": "Heart Lung Circ", "authors": ["Nicholls, Stephen J", "Nelson, Mark", "Astley, Carolyn", "Briffa, Tom", "Brown, Alex", "Clark, Robyn", "Colquhoun, David", "Gallagher, Robyn", "Hare, David L", "Inglis, Sally", "Jelinek, Michael", "O'Neil, Adrienne", "Tirimacco, Rosy", "Vale, Margarite", "Redfern, Julie"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473781", "countries": ["New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has introduced a major disruption to the delivery of routine health care across the world. This provides challenges for the use of secondary prevention measures in patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this Position Statement is to review the implications for effective delivery of secondary prevention strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced limitations for many patients to access standard health services such as visits to health care professionals, medications, imaging and blood tests as well as attendance at cardiac rehabilitation. In addition, the pandemic is having an impact on lifestyle habits and mental health. Taken together, this has the potential to adversely impact the ability of practitioners and patients to adhere to treatment guidelines for the prevention of recurrent cardiovascular events. Every effort should be made to deliver safe, ongoing access to health care professionals and the use of evidenced based therapies in individuals with CVD. An increase in use of a range of electronic health platforms has the potential to transform secondary prevention. Integrating research programs that evaluate the utility of these approaches may provide important insights into how to develop more optimal approaches to secondary prevention beyond the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32409333, "title": "Covid-19: Exposing frontline NHS staff to dangers by asking them to reuse PPE.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Hadi, Sibte"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409333", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391113, "pmcid": "PMC7205602", "title": "Somatics of Early Buddhist Mindfulness and How to Face Anxiety.", "journal": "Mindfulness (N Y)", "authors": ["Analayo, Bhikkhu"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391113", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The body is a central object of the cultivation of mindfulness, in the way this has been described in relevant P\u0101li discourses and their parallels. At the background of such cultivation stands the absence of positing a mind-body duality and a lack of concern with a particular physical location of the mind in early Buddhist thought. Moreover, the various exercises that involve directing mindfulness to the body need to be considered in conjunction in order to arrive at a balanced understanding of their overarching purpose. Out of the different possible modalities of cultivating mindfulness in this way, the discourses present awareness directed to one's own bodily postures as a practice already undertaken by the Buddha-to-be when he was still in quest of awakening. In this particular setting, such mindfulness of postures served as a way of facing fear. The potential of this exercise to provide a grounding in embodied mindfulness, being fully in the here and now, is of particular relevance to the challenges posed by the current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32310670, "title": "Public Health Approach of Ayurveda and Yoga for COVID-19 Prophylaxis.", "journal": "J Altern Complement Med", "authors": ["Tillu, Girish", "Chaturvedi, Sarika", "Chopra, Arvind", "Patwardhan, Bhushan"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310670", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398225, "title": "Ethics of reallocating ventilators in the covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Peterson, Andrew", "Largent, Emily A", "Karlawish, Jason"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398225", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32199943, "pmcid": "PMC7156207", "title": "Predicting the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) utilizing capability as the receptor of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Qiu, Ye", "Zhao, Yuan-Bo", "Wang, Qiong", "Li, Jin-Yan", "Zhou, Zhi-Jian", "Liao, Ce-Heng", "Ge, Xing-Yi"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199943", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, the newly identified human coronavirus causing severe pneumonia pandemic, was probably originated from Chinese horseshoe bats. However, direct transmission of the virus from bats to humans is unlikely due to lack of direct contact, implying the existence of unknown intermediate hosts. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the receptor of SARS-CoV-2, but only ACE2s of certain species can be utilized by SARS-CoV-2. Here, we evaluated and ranked the receptor-utilizing capability of ACE2s from various species by phylogenetic clustering and sequence alignment with the currently known ACE2s utilized by SARS-CoV-2. As a result, we predicted that SARS-CoV-2 tends to utilize ACE2s of various mammals, except murines, and some birds, such as pigeon. This prediction may help to screen the intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32426117, "pmcid": "PMC7211415", "title": "Novel approaches to estimate compliance with lockdown measures in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Sheikh, Asiyah", "Sheikh, Zakariya", "Sheikh, Aziz"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426117", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32239628, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019: Facts and controversies.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Conforti, Claudio", "Cannavo, Serafinella Patrizia", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Dianzani, Caterina", "Di Meo, Nicola", "Lotti, Torello", "Zalaudek, Iris", "Giuffrida, Roberta"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239628", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32431756, "pmcid": "PMC7220616", "title": "Introducing the \"Corona Curtain\": an innovative technique to prevent airborne COVID-19 exposure during emergent intubations.", "journal": "Patient Saf Surg", "authors": ["Hill, Eric", "Crockett, Christopher", "Circh, Ryan W", "Lansville, Frank", "Stahel, Philip F"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431756", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic places healthcare workers at risk of exposure to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Emergency department (ED) staff are particularly vulnerable when managing patients with acute respiratory distress due to the aerosolization of the virus during endotracheal intubation. A simple and innovative intubation tent was designed with the intent of decreasing the risk of accidental viral transmission from emergent intubations during the COVID-19 pandemic. The materials and assembly process of the novel \"Corona Curtain\" are described in technical detail, with the intent of allowing other providers to template the concept at their respective facilities. A total of 36 intubation tents were mounted in the ED at the Medical Center of Aurora, Colorado, on April 7, 2020, and thereafter consistently used for all intubations during the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak. The cost of raw materials and labor for the initial assembly averaged US $ 8.00 per construct. The price of the single-use plastic cover is variable depending on the vendor source. The new \"Corona Curtain\" was designed to improve the safety of ED staff when performing urgent/emergent intubations during the current COVID-19 pandemic. The concept can easily be adopted to other patient care areas, including perioperative and intensive care units. Future validation studies are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of the intubation tents by quantifying the pre-/post-intubation exposure through \"point-of-care\" SARS-CoV-2 testing once these resources are more widely available."}, {"pmid": 32229390, "pmcid": "PMC7102633", "title": "The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Cao, Wenjun", "Fang, Ziwei", "Hou, Guoqiang", "Han, Mei", "Xu, Xinrong", "Dong, Jiaxin", "Zheng, Jianzhong"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229390", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A COVID-19 epidemic has been spreading in China and other parts of the world since December 2019. The epidemic has brought not only the risk of death from infection but also unbearable psychological pressure. We sampled college students from Changzhi medical college by using cluster sampling. They responded to a questionnaire packet that included the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and those inquiring the participants' basic information. We received 7,143 responses. Results indicated that 0.9% of the respondents were experiencing severe anxiety, 2.7% moderate anxiety, and 21.3% mild anxiety. Moreover, living in urban areas (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.810, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.709 - 0.925), family income stability (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.726, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.645\u00a0-\u00a00.817) and living with parents (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.752, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.596\u00a0-\u00a00.950) were protective factors against anxiety. Moreover, having relatives or acquaintances infected with COVID-19 was a risk factor for increasing the anxiety of college students (OR\u00a0=\u00a03.007, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a02.377\u00a0-\u00a03.804). Results of correlation analysis indicated that economic effects, and effects on daily life, as well as delays in academic activities, were positively associated with anxiety symptoms (P\u00a0<\u00a0.001). However, social support was negatively correlated with the level of anxiety (P\u00a0<\u00a0.001). It is suggested that the mental health of college students should be monitored during epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32300868, "pmcid": "PMC7160818", "title": "Balneotherapy and human immune function in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Biometeorol", "authors": ["Masiero, Stefano", "Maccarone, Maria Chiara", "Magro, Giacomo"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300868", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482887, "title": "Haemorrhagic enteritis and COVID-19: causality or coincidence.", "journal": "J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Amarapurkar, Anjali D", "Vichare, Priyanka", "Pandya, Nidhi", "Deshpande, Sneha"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482887", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384202, "pmcid": "PMC7267247", "title": "Home-based training strategy to maintain muscle function in older adults with diabetes during COVID-19 confinement.", "journal": "J Diabetes", "authors": ["Guadalupe-Grau, Amelia", "Lopez-Torres, Olga", "Martos-Bermudez, Alvaro", "Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384202", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32219857, "pmcid": "PMC7228260", "title": "Advice regarding COVID-19 and use of immunomodulators, in patients with severe dermatological diseases.", "journal": "Australas J Dermatol", "authors": ["Rademaker, Marius", "Baker, Christopher", "Foley, Peter", "Sullivan, John", "Wang, Charlie"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219857", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437820, "pmcid": "PMC7206445", "title": "Low dose radiation therapy as a potential life saving treatment for COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Dhawan, Gaurav", "Kapoor, Rachna", "Dhawan, Rajiv", "Singh, Ravinder", "Monga, Bharat", "Giordano, James", "Calabrese, Edward J"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437820", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus COVID-19 disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 was declared a global public health emergency by WHO on Jan 30, 2020. Despite massive efforts from various governmental, health and medical organizations, the disease continues to spread globally with increasing fatality rates. Several experimental drugs have been approved by FDA with unknown efficacy and potential adverse effects. The exponentially spreading pandemic of COVID-19 deserves prime public health attention to evaluate yet unexplored arenas of management. We opine that one of these treatment options is low dose radiation therapy for severe and most critical cases. There is evidence in literature that low dose radiation induces an anti-inflammatory phenotype that can potentially afford therapeutic benefit against COVID-19-related complications that are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Herein, we review the effects and putative mechanisms of low dose radiation that may be viable, useful and of value in counter-acting the acute inflammatory state induced by critical stage COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32094505, "pmcid": "PMC7091830", "title": "Epitopes for a 2019-nCoV vaccine.", "journal": "Cell Mol Immunol", "authors": ["Lucchese, Guglielmo"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32094505", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404673, "title": "Surgeons, Surgical Research, and the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Chhabra, Karan R", "Lillemoe, Keith D"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404673", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354614, "pmcid": "PMC7158811", "title": "[COVID-19 pandemic: Now what?]", "journal": "J Healthc Qual Res", "authors": ["Mira, J J"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354614", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32308571, "pmcid": "PMC7153526", "title": "The Unprecedented COVID-19 Crisis.", "journal": "J Nurse Pract", "authors": ["Thomas, Sophia L"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308571", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32179533, "title": "Covid-19: medical schools are urged to fast-track final year students.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179533", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32203382, "title": "Scientists exposed to coronavirus wonder: why weren't we notified?", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Maxmen, Amy"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203382", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371536, "title": "Ultrastructural Evidence for Direct Renal Infection with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Farkash, Evan A", "Wilson, Allecia M", "Jentzen, Jeffrey M"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371536", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A significant fraction of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) display abnormalities in renal function. Retrospective studies of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, report an incidence of 3%-7% progressing to ARF, a marker of poor prognosis. The cause of the renal failure in COVID-19 is unknown, but one hypothesized mechanism is direct renal infection by the causative virus, SARS-CoV-2. We performed an autopsy on a single patient who died of COVID-19 after open repair of an aortic dissection, complicated by hypoxic respiratory failure and oliguric renal failure. We used light and electron microscopy to examine renal tissue for evidence of SARS-CoV-2 within renal cells. Light microscopy of proximal tubules showed geographic isometric vacuolization, corresponding to a focus of tubules with abundant intracellular viral arrays. Individual viruses averaged 76 \u00b5m in diameter and had an envelope studded with crown-like, electron-dense spikes. Vacuoles contained double-membrane vesicles suggestive of partially assembled virus. The presence of viral particles in the renal tubular epithelium that were morphologically identical to SARS-CoV-2, and with viral arrays and other features of virus assembly, provide evidence of a productive direct infection of the kidney by SARS-CoV-2. This finding offers confirmatory evidence that direct renal infection occurs in the setting of AKI in COVID-19. However, the frequency and clinical significance of direct infection in COVID-19 is unclear. Tubular isometric vacuolization observed with light microscopy, which correlates with double-membrane vesicles containing vacuoles observed with electronic microscopy, may be a useful histologic marker for active SARS-CoV-2 infection in kidney biopsy or autopsy specimens."}, {"pmid": 32425639, "pmcid": "PMC7233210", "title": "Acute pulmonary embolism mimicking COVID - 19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Overhoff, Daniel", "Walter, Thomas", "Gruettner, Joachim", "Janssen, Sonja", "Riffel, Julia", "Hoffmann, Ursula", "Schoenberg, Stefan O", "Riffel, Philipp"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425639", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358203, "pmcid": "PMC7199908", "title": "Structural basis for inhibition of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from SARS-CoV-2 by remdesivir.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Yin, Wanchao", "Mao, Chunyou", "Luan, Xiaodong", "Shen, Dan-Dan", "Shen, Qingya", "Su, Haixia", "Wang, Xiaoxi", "Zhou, Fulai", "Zhao, Wenfeng", "Gao, Minqi", "Chang, Shenghai", "Xie, Yuan-Chao", "Tian, Guanghui", "Jiang, He-Wei", "Tao, Sheng-Ce", "Shen, Jingshan", "Jiang, Yi", "Jiang, Hualiang", "Xu, Yechun", "Zhang, Shuyang", "Zhang, Yan", "Xu, H Eric"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358203", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has become a global crisis. The replication of SARS-CoV-2 requires the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), a target of the antiviral drug, Remdesivir. Here we report the cryo-EM structure of the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp either in the apo form at 2.8 \u00c5 resolution or in complex with a 50-base template-primer RNA and Remdesivir at 2.5 \u00c5 resolution. The complex structure reveals that the partial double-stranded RNA template is inserted into the central channel of the RdRp where Remdesivir is covalently incorporated into the primer strand at the first replicated base pair and terminates chain elongation. Our structures provide critical insights into the mechanism of viral RNA replication and a rational template for drug design to combat the viral infection."}, {"pmid": 32451348, "title": "Send cat and dog samples to test for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Murcia, Pablo", "Streiker, Daniel", "Philipe, Ana Da Silva", "Robertson, David", "Jarrett, Ruth", "Willett, Brian", "Hosie, Margaret", "Biek, Roman", "Allan, Kathryn", "Weir, William"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451348", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473896, "pmcid": "PMC7250765", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Radiology Department Financial Impact and Planning for Post-COVID Recovery.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Mossa-Basha, Mahmud", "Deese, Justin", "Vincic, Dawn", "Sahani, Dushyant V"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473896", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305533, "pmcid": "PMC7162753", "title": "The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Nicola, Maria", "Alsafi, Zaid", "Sohrabi, Catrin", "Kerwan, Ahmed", "Al-Jabir, Ahmed", "Iosifidis, Christos", "Agha, Maliha", "Agha, Riaz"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305533", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 4.3 million confirmed cases and over 290,000 deaths globally. It has also sparked fears of an impending economic crisis and recession. Social distancing, self-isolation and travel restrictions have lead to a reduced workforce across all economic sectors and caused many jobs to be lost. Schools have closed down, and the need for commodities and manufactured products has decreased. In contrast, the need for medical supplies has significantly increased. The food sector is also facing increased demand due to panic-buying and stockpiling of food products. In response to this global outbreak, we summarise the socio-economic effects of COVID-19 on individual aspects of the world economy."}, {"pmid": 32405226, "pmcid": "PMC7217791", "title": "Anti-malarial drug, artemisinin and its derivatives for the treatment of respiratory diseases.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Cheong, Dorothy H J", "Tan, Daniel W S", "Wong, Fred W S", "Tran, Thai"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405226", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Artemisinins are sesquiterpene lactones with a peroxide moiety that are isolated from the herb Artemisia annua. It has been used for centuries for the treatment of fever and chills, and has been recently approved for the treatment of malaria due to its endoperoxidase properties. Progressively, research has found that artemisinins displayed multiple pharmacological actions against inflammation, viral infections, and cell and tumour proliferation, making it effective against diseases. Moreover, it has displayed a relatively safe toxicity profile. The use of artemisinins against different respiratory diseases has been investigated in lung cancer models and inflammatory-driven respiratory disorders. These studies revealed the ability of artemisinins in attenuating proliferation, inflammation, invasion, and metastasis, and in inducing apoptosis. Artemisinins can regulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-\u03baB), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), promote cell cycle arrest, drive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and induce Bak or Bax-dependent or independent apoptosis. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive update of the current knowledge of the effects of artemisinins in relation to respiratory diseases to identify gaps that need to be filled in the course of repurposing artemisinins for the treatment of respiratory diseases. In addition, we postulate whether artemisinins can also be repurposed for the treatment of COVID-19 given its anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties."}, {"pmid": 32410386, "pmcid": "PMC7272886", "title": "Smell and taste alterations in Covid-19: a cross-sectional analysis of different cohorts.", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Paderno, Alberto", "Schreiber, Alberto", "Grammatica, Alberto", "Raffetti, Elena", "Tomasoni, Michele", "Gualtieri, Tommaso", "Taboni, Stefano", "Zorzi, Silvia", "Lombardi, Davide", "Deganello, Alberto", "Redaelli De Zinis, Luca Oscar", "Maroldi, Roberto", "Mattavelli, Davide"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410386", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Olfactory (OD) and gustatory (GD) dysfunction have been proven to be a typical symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, their prevalence in different patient populations still needs to be clarified. A cross-sectional study was performed from March 27 to April 1 2020 in Northern Italy. Physicians administered a survey-based questionnaire to SARS-CoV-2 positive patients with the aim of assessing symptoms, focusing on OD and GD. Two groups were studied: patients hospitalized at ASST Spedali Civili University Hospital of Brescia (A); home-quarantined subjects (B). A total of 508 patients were enrolled: 295 in Group A and 213 in Group B. Mean age (\u00b1SD) was 55\u00b115 years; 56% were men. Overall, OD and GD were present in 56% (95% CI 51-60%) and 63% (59-67%) of cases, respectively. In Group A, the prevalence of OD and GD was 44% (38-50%) and 52% (46-58%). In Group B, the prevalence of OD and GD was 72% (65-79%) and 79% (73-84%). In the entire cohort, total loss of olfaction and taste was reported in 64% and 60% of cases, respectively. OD and GD occurred as the first symptom in 10% and 11% of cases; in the remaining cases, they occurred after a mean of 4\u00b13 days following the first symptom. At the time of the questionnaire, complete resolution of OD and GD was reported in 52% and 55% of cases (mean duration: 9\u00b15 in both). OD and GD are more prevalent in home-quarantined subjects, and they are independently associated with younger age and female gender. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32418194, "title": "Digital health and the COVID-19 epidemic: an assessment framework for apps from an epidemiological and legal perspective.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Vokinger, Kerstin Noelle", "Nittas, Vasileios", "Witt, Claudia M", "Fabrikant, Sara Irina", "von Wyl, Viktor"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418194", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As COVID-19 spreads across the globe, crowdsourced digital technology harbours the potential to improve surveillance and epidemic control, primarily through increased information coverage, higher information speed, fast case tracking and improved proximity tracing. Targeting those aims, COVID-19-related smartphone and web-based health applications are continuously emerging, leading to a multitude of options, raising ethical and legal challenges and potentially overwhelming end users. Building on an existing trustworthiness checklist for digital health applications, we searched the literature and developed a framework to guide the assessment of smartphone and web-based applications that aim to contribute to controlling the current epidemic or mitigating its effects. It further integrates epidemiological subject knowledge and a legal analysis, outlining the mechanisms through which new applications can support the fight against COVID-19. The resulting framework includes 40 questions across 8 domains on &ldquo;purpose&rdquo;, &ldquo;usability&rdquo;, &ldquo;information accuracy&rdquo;, &ldquo;organisational attributes / reputation&rdquo;, &ldquo;transparency&rdquo;, &ldquo;privacy&rdquo; and &ldquo;user control / self-determination&rdquo;. All questions should be primarily answerable from publicly available data, as provided by application manufacturers. The framework aims to guide end users in choosing a transparent, safe and valuable application and suggests a set of information items that developers ideally make available to allow a balanced judgement and facilitate the trustworthiness of their products."}, {"pmid": 32277876, "pmcid": "PMC7194658", "title": "Beware of the second wave of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Xu, Shunqing", "Li, Yuanyuan"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277876", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434826, "title": "Response to: 'Hydroxychloroquine shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic' by Mendel et al.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["McInnes, Iain"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434826", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419748, "pmcid": "PMC7213028", "title": "Consensus Statement On Immune Modulation in Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Expert Group on Behalf of the Indian Academy of Neurology.", "journal": "Ann Indian Acad Neurol", "authors": ["Bhatia, Rohit", "Srivastava, M V Padma", "Khurana, Dheeraj", "Pandit, Lekha", "Mathew, Thomas", "Gupta, Salil", "Netravathi, M", "Nair, Sruthi S", "Singh, Gagandeep", "Singhal, Bhim S"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419748", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Knowledge related to SARS-CoV-2 or 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is still emerging and rapidly evolving. We know little about the effects of this novel coronavirus on various body systems and its behaviour among patients with underlying neurological conditions, especially those on immunomodulatory medications. The aim of the present consensus expert opinion document is to appraise the potential concerns when managing our patients with underlying CNS autoimmune demyelinating disorders during the current COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32407651, "title": "The many uncertainties of COVID-19.", "journal": "J R Soc Med", "authors": ["Abbasi, Kamran"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407651", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296245, "pmcid": "PMC7158829", "title": "[Return of ancestral fears with coronavirus, Covid-19].", "journal": "Bull Acad Natl Med", "authors": ["Battin, Jacques"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296245", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525744, "title": "Webside Manner during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Maintaining Human Connection during Virtual Visits.", "journal": "J Palliat Med", "authors": ["Chua, Isaac S", "Jackson, Vicki", "Kamdar, Mihir"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525744", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                        Background:\n                     As the death rate numbers in the United States related to COVID-19 are in the tens of thousands, clinicians are increasingly tasked with having serious illness conversations. However, in the setting of infection control policies, visitor restrictions, social distancing, and a lack of personal protective equipment, many of these important conversations are occurring by virtual visits. \n                        Objective:\n                     From our experience with a multisite study exploring the effectiveness of virtual palliative care, we have identified key elements of webside manner that are helpful when conducting serious illness conversations by virtual visit. \n                        Results:\n                     The key elements and components of webside manner skills are proper set up, acquainting the participant, maintaining conversation rhythm, responding to emotion, and closing the visit. Other considerations that may require conversion to phone visits include persistent technical difficulties, lack of prerequisite technology to conduct virtual visits, patients who are too ill to participate, or who find virtual visits too technically challenging. \n                        Conclusions:\n                     Similar to bedside manner, possessing nuanced verbal and nonverbal webside manner skills is essential to conducting serious illness conversations during virtual visits."}, {"pmid": 32412525, "pmcid": "PMC7221376", "title": "The Myriad Ways in Which COVID-19 Revealed Character.", "journal": "Organ Dyn", "authors": ["Seijts, Gerard", "Milani, Kimberley Young"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412525", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502097, "title": "Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers and risk of COVID 19: information from Bartter's and Gitelman's syndromes patients.", "journal": "J Hypertens", "authors": ["Calo, Lorenzo A", "Davis, Paul A", "Rigato, Matteo", "Sgarabotto, Luca"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502097", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32201354, "pmcid": "PMC7102597", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: fear versus data.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Roussel, Yanis", "Giraud-Gatineau, Audrey", "Jimeno, Marie-Therese", "Rolain, Jean-Marc", "Zandotti, Christine", "Colson, Philippe", "Raoult, Didier"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201354", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus from China, is spreading around the world, causing a huge reaction despite its current low incidence outside China and the Far East. Four common coronaviruses are in current circulation and cause millions of cases worldwide. This article compares the incidence and mortality rates of these four common coronaviruses with those of SARS-CoV-2 in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries. It is concluded that the problem of SARS-CoV-2 is probably being overestimated, as 2.6 million people die of respiratory infections each year compared with less than 4000 deaths for SARS-CoV-2 at the time of writing."}, {"pmid": 32302281, "pmcid": "PMC7234725", "title": "Addressing Challenges in Obtaining Emergency Medicine Away Rotations and Standardized Letters of Evaluation Due to COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "West J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Katirji, Linda", "Smith, Liza", "Pelletier-Bui, Alexis", "Hillman, Emily", "Zhang, Xiao Chi", "Pasirstein, Michael", "Olaf, Mark", "Shaw, Jazmyn", "Franzen, Douglas", "Ren, Ronnie"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302281", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Council of Residency Directors in Emergency Medicine (CORD) Advising Students Committee in Emergency Medicine (ASC-EM) anticipates institutional and regional variability in both the spread and response to COVID-19. Travel restrictions and host institution rotation closures will impact the number of emergency medicine (EM) rotations EM-bound medical students can complete in an unprecedented manner. They may prevent students from completing any away rotations this academic cycle, challenging the students\u2019 ability to obtain EM Standardized Letters of Evaluation (SLOEs). EM\u2019s emphasis on residency group SLOEs over other letter types creates an undue burden on these vulnerable students and makes the application process intrinsically inequitable. This inequity warrants a reevaluation of the current application practice. This article outlines ASC-EM's proposed recommendations for all stakeholders, including EM program leadership, medical schools, and EM-bound medical students, to consider for the upcoming EM application cycle."}, {"pmid": 32508311, "title": "COVID-19 and androgen targeted therapy for prostate cancer patients.", "journal": "Endocr Relat Cancer", "authors": ["Bhowmick, Neil A", "Oft, Jillian", "Dorff, Tanya", "Pal, Sumanta", "Agarwal, Neeraj", "Figlin, Robert A", "Posadas, Edwin M", "Freedland, Steven", "Gong, Jun"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508311", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global health challenge with active development of antiviral drugs and vaccines seeking to reduce its significant disease burden. Early reports have confirmed that transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) are critical targets of SARS-CoV-2 that facilitate viral entry into host cells. TMPRSS2 and ACE2 are expressed in multiple human tissues beyond the lung including the testes where predisposition to SARS-CoV-2 infection may exist. TMPRSS2 is an androgen responsive gene and its fusion represents one of the most frequent alterations in prostate cancer. Androgen suppression by androgen deprivation therapy and androgen receptor signaling inhibitors form the foundation of prostate cancer treatment. In this review, we highlight the growing evidence in support of androgen regulation of TMPRSS2 and ACE2 and the potential clinical implications of using androgen suppression to downregulate TMPRSS2 to target SARS-CoV-2. We also discuss the future directions and controversies that need to be addressed in order to establish the viability of targeting TMPRSS2 and/or ACE2 through androgen signaling regulation for COVID-19 treatment, particularly its relevance in the context of prostate cancer management."}, {"pmid": 32389785, "pmcid": "PMC7204730", "title": "Comparison of CRB-65 and quick sepsis-related organ failure assessment for predicting the need for intensive respiratory or vasopressor support in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Su, Ying", "Tu, Guo-Wei", "Ju, Min-Jie", "Yu, Shen-Ji", "Zheng, Ji-Li", "Ma, Guo-Guang", "Liu, Kai", "Ma, Jie-Fei", "Yu, Kai-Huan", "Xue, Yuan", "Luo, Zhe"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389785", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32351056, "pmcid": "PMC7231477", "title": "Decoding the evolution and transmissions of the novel pneumonia coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 / HCoV-19) using whole genomic data.", "journal": "Zool Res", "authors": ["Yu, Wen-Bin", "Tang, Guang-Da", "Zhang, Li", "Corlett, Richard T"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32351056", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 started in mid-December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Up to 29 February 2020, SARS-CoV-2 (HCoV-19 / 2019-nCoV) had infected more than 85 000 people in the world. In this study, we used 93 complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 from the GISAID EpiFlu TM database to investigate the evolution and human-to-human transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 in the first two months of the outbreak. We constructed haplotypes of the SARS-CoV-2 genomes, performed phylogenomic analyses and estimated the potential population size changes of the virus. The date of population expansion was calculated based on the expansion parameter tau ( \u03c4) using the formula t= \u03c4/2 u. A total of 120 substitution sites with 119 codons, including 79 non-synonymous and 40 synonymous substitutions, were found in eight coding-regions in the SARS-CoV-2 genomes. Forty non-synonymous substitutions are potentially associated with virus adaptation. No combinations were detected. The 58 haplotypes (31 found in samples from China and 31 from outside China) were identified in 93 viral genomes under study and could be classified into five groups. By applying the reported bat coronavirus genome (bat-RaTG13-CoV) as the outgroup, we found that haplotypes H13 and H38 might be considered as ancestral haplotypes, and later H1 was derived from the intermediate haplotype H3. The population size of the SARS-CoV-2 was estimated to have undergone a recent expansion on 06 January 2020, and an early expansion on 08 December 2019. Furthermore, phyloepidemiologic approaches have recovered specific directions of human-to-human transmissions and the potential sources for international infected cases."}, {"pmid": 32504022, "title": "Coronavirus diaries: taking leave, but not holiday.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Tregoning, John"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504022", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503173, "title": "Dietary Choices and Habits during COVID-19 Lockdown: Experience from Poland.", "journal": "Nutrients", "authors": ["Sidor, Aleksandra", "Rzymski, Piotr"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503173", "countries": ["China", "Poland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in late December 2019 in China, which later developed into a pandemic, has forced different countries to implement strict sanitary regimes and social distancing measures. Globally, at least four billion people were under lockdown, working remotely, homeschooling children, and facing challenges coping with quarantine and the stressful events. The present cross-sectional online survey of adult Poles (n = 1097), conducted during a nationwide quarantine, aimed to assess whether nutritional and consumer habits have been affected under these conditions. Over 43.0% and nearly 52% reported eating and snacking more, respectively, and these tendencies were more frequent in overweight and obese individuals. Almost 30% and over 18% experienced weight gain (mean \u00b1 SD 3.0 \u00b1 1.6 kg) and loss (-2.9 \u00b1 1.5 kg), respectively. Overweight, obese, and older subjects (aged 36-45 and >45) tended to gain weight more frequently, whereas those with underweight tended to lose it further. Increased BMI was associated with less frequent consumption of vegetables, fruit, and legumes during quarantine, and higher adherence to meat, dairy, and fast-foods. An increase in alcohol consumption was seen in 14.6%, with a higher tendency to drink more found among alcohol addicts. Over 45% of smokers experienced a rise in smoking frequency during the quarantine. The study highlights that lockdown imposed to contain an infectious agent may affect eating behaviors and dietary habits, and advocates for organized nutritional support during future epidemic-related quarantines, particularly for the most vulnerable groups, including overweight and obese subjects."}, {"pmid": 32419747, "pmcid": "PMC7213034", "title": "The Socially Distanced Social Animal - In The New Covid-19 Era.", "journal": "Ann Indian Acad Neurol", "authors": ["Ranganathan, Lakshmi Narasimhan", "Shivaraman, M M Arun", "Ramamurthy, Guhan", "Shrivarthan, R"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419747", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492560, "title": "Is the anti-filarial drug diethylcarbamazine useful to treat COVID-19?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Abeygunasekera, Anuruddha", "Jayasinghe, Saroj"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492560", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 virus has resulted in a devastating pandemic of COVID-19. Exploring compounds that could offer a breakthrough in treatment is the need of the hour. Re-positioning cheap, freely available and safe drugs is a priority. The paper proposes evidence for the potential use of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) in the treatment of COVID-19. DEC has inhibitory effects on arachidonic acid metabolism to prostaglandins, little known anti-viral effects on animal retroviruses and demonstrated anti-inflammatory actions in animal models of lung inflammation indicating the need to explore this hypothesis further. We believe this is the first time DEC is being proposed to treat COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32297920, "pmcid": "PMC7184456", "title": "Absence of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in Semen and Testes of COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Biol Reprod", "authors": ["Song, Ci", "Wang, Yan", "Li, Weiqin", "Hu, Bicheng", "Chen, Guohua", "Xia, Ping", "Wang, Wei", "Li, Chaojun", "Diao, Feiyang", "Hu, Zhibin", "Yang, Xiaoyu", "Yao, Bing", "Liu, Yun"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297920", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507660, "title": "Acute Stroke Management During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: From Trough of Disillusionment to Slope of Enlightenment.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Al Kasab, Sami", "Almallouhi, Eyad", "Spiotta, Alejandro M"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507660", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400361, "pmcid": "PMC7219031", "title": "Projected early spread of COVID-19 in Africa through 1 June 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Pearson, Carl Ab", "Van Schalkwyk, Cari", "Foss, Anna M", "O'Reilly, Kathleen M", "Sacema Modelling And Analysis Response Team", "Cmmid Covid-Working Group", "Pulliam, Juliet Rc"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400361", "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "For 45 African countries/territories already reporting COVID-19 cases before 23 March 2020, we estimate the dates of reporting 1,000 and 10,000 cases. Assuming early epidemic trends without interventions, all 45 were\u00a0likely to exceed 1,000 confirmed cases by the end of April 2020, with most exceeding 10,000 a few weeks later."}, {"pmid": 32492760, "title": "Diagnostic Performance of a Rapid Point of Care Test for SARS-CoV-2 in an Urban ED Setting.", "journal": "Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["McDonald, Samuel", "Courtney, D Mark", "Clark, Andrew E", "Muthukumar, Alagarraju", "Lee, Francesca", "Balani, Jyoti", "Mahimainathan, Lenin", "Bararia, Anjali", "Oliver, Dwight", "Sarode, Ravi", "Diercks, Deborah"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492760", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ability to rapidly and accurately identify a patient's COVID-19 status has had significant impact on emergency departments (ED) and health systems globally. Since the identification of SARS-CoV-2 illness in the United States, there has been rapid development in patient testing capacity following initial challenges including sparse availability. This was made possible by increasing availability of diagnostic molecular tests in several formats, from laboratory based traditional, RT-PCR methods to near patient testing rapid point of care PCR tests."}, {"pmid": 32425991, "pmcid": "PMC7233236", "title": "The liver in times of COVID-19: What hepatologists should know.", "journal": "Ann Hepatol", "authors": ["Ridruejo, Ezequiel", "Soza, Alejandro"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425991", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a serious threat to healthcare systems globally. Information regarding to the how the infection affects the liver and relevance of pre-existing liver disease as a risk factor for acquiring the infection or having a severe disease are still scarce. Also, considerations to be considered in liver transplant patients or those having hepatocellular carcinoma or are under immunosuppressive therapy are being matter of analysis as information is being generated. Different treatments for COVID-19 are currently under study some of which may be associated to hepatotoxicity. In the present review we discuss current data on the COVID-19 and liver aiming to provide hepatologists with updated information to face this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32433344, "title": "Judicious Use of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Patients with Diabetes on Coronavirus-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Chen, Chun-Fan", "Chen, Yung-Tai", "Chen, Tz-Heng", "Chen, Fan-Yu", "Yang, Yi-Ping", "Wang, Mong-Lien", "Huo, The-Ia", "Chang, Yuh-Lih", "Tan, Ann Charis", "Lin, Chih-Ching"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433344", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), a novel anti-diabetic drug blocks the reabsorption of glucose in proximal tubules of kidney, are demonstrated to have cardiovascular and renal benefits for people with diabetes. The benefits are associated with the significant increase of intrarenal angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) expression and blood volume contraction. However, the increased ACE2 may be detrimental to patients infected with the coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19), which is found to invades cells via the entry receptor of ACE2. Besides, SGLT2i induced natriuretic effect may also increase the risk of acute kidney injury and affect the hemodynamic stability during systemic infection disease. In the article, we explain the mechanisms why the use of SGLT2i in people with diabetes may lead to worse outcomes and suggest clinician to judiciously use it during COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32361322, "title": "Interpret with caution: An evaluation of the commercial AusDiagnostics versus in-house developed assays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Rahman, H", "Carter, I", "Basile, K", "Donovan, L", "Kumar, S", "Tran, T", "Ko, D", "Alderson, S", "Sivaruban, T", "Eden, J-S", "Rockett, R", "O'Sullivan, M V", "Sintchenko, V", "Chen, S C-A", "Maddocks, S", "Dwyer, D E", "Kok, J"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361322", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is limited data on the analytical performance of commercial nucleic acid tests (NATs) for laboratory confirmation of COVID-19 infection. Nasopharyngeal, combined nose and throat swabs, nasopharyngeal aspirates and sputum was collected from persons with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection, serial dilutions of SARS-CoV-2 viral cultures and synthetic positive controls (gBlocks, Integrated DNA Technologies) were tested using i) AusDiagnostics assay (AusDiagnostics Pty Ltd); ii) in-house developed assays targeting the E and RdRp genes; iii) multiplex PCR assay targeting endemic respiratory viruses. Discrepant SARS-CoV-2 results were resolved by testing the N, ORF1b, ORF1ab and M genes. Of 52 clinical samples collected from 50 persons tested, respiratory viruses were detected in 22 samples (42 %), including SARS CoV-2 (n\u202f=\u202f5), rhinovirus (n\u202f=\u202f7), enterovirus (n\u202f=\u202f5), influenza B (n\u202f=\u202f4), hMPV (n\u202f=\u202f5), influenza A (n\u202f=\u202f2), PIV-2 (n\u202f=\u202f1), RSV (n\u202f=\u202f2), CoV-NL63 (n\u202f=\u202f1) and CoV-229E (n\u202f=\u202f1). SARS-CoV-2 was detected in four additional samples by the AusDiagnostics assay. Using the in-house assays as the \"gold standard\", the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the AusDiagnostics assay was 100 %, 92.16 %, 55.56 % and 100 % respectively. The Ct values of the real-time in-house-developed PCR assay targeting the E gene was significantly lower than the corresponding RdRp gene assay when applied to clinical samples, viral culture and positive controls (mean 21.75 vs 28.1, p\u202f=\u202f0.0031). The AusDiagnostics assay is not specific for the detection SARS-CoV-2. Any positive results should be confirmed using another NAT or sequencing. The case definition used to investigate persons with suspected COVID-19 infection is not specific."}, {"pmid": 32336725, "title": "Suggestions on surgical treatment during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Biosci Trends", "authors": ["Zhao, Zhiming", "Li, Mengyang", "Liu, Rong"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336725", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, is now generating a global epidemic, leading to a severe public health emergency. Until April 12, 2020 around 1,700,954 confirmed cases and 105,633 deaths have been reported all over the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared COVID-19 as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Under this circumstance, surgical activities should be carefully evaluated to avoid excessive occupation of limited medical resources, and to reduce the possibility of hospital infection. China has achieved an inspiring achievement on epidemic control. Here, we reviewed available studies on surgical activities during the outbreak, in combination with our current experience, with the aim of providing feasible suggestions on surgical issues during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32349897, "pmcid": "PMC7194974", "title": "Cardiovascular Consequences and Considerations of Coronavirus Infection - Perspectives for the Cardiothoracic Anesthesiologist and Intensivist During the Coronavirus Crisis.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Augoustides, John G"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349897", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437878, "pmcid": "PMC7207123", "title": "Propagation by COVID-19 at high altitude: Cusco case.", "journal": "Respir Physiol Neurobiol", "authors": ["Huamani, Charles", "Velasquez, Lucio", "Montes, Sonia", "Miranda-Solis, Franklin"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437878", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457443, "title": "Use of apps in the COVID-19 response and the loss of privacy protection.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Sharma, Tanusree", "Bashir, Masooda"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457443", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317591, "pmcid": "PMC7188034", "title": "Potential for Lung Recruitment and Ventilation-Perfusion Mismatch in Patients With the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome From Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Mauri, Tommaso", "Spinelli, Elena", "Scotti, Eleonora", "Colussi, Giulia", "Basile, Maria Cristina", "Crotti, Stefania", "Tubiolo, Daniela", "Tagliabue, Paola", "Zanella, Alberto", "Grasselli, Giacomo", "Pesenti, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317591", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 develop the acute respiratory distress syndrome, requiring admission to the ICU. This study aimed to describe specific pathophysiological characteristics of acute respiratory distress syndrome from coronavirus disease 2019. Prospective crossover physiologic study. ICU of a university-affiliated hospital from northern Italy dedicated to care of patients with confirmed diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019. Ten intubated patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and confirmed diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019. We performed a two-step positive end-expiratory pressure trial with change of 10\u2009cm H2O in random order. At each positive end-expiratory pressure level, we assessed arterial blood gases, respiratory mechanics, ventilation inhomogeneity, and potential for lung recruitment by electrical impedance tomography. Potential for lung recruitment was assessed by the recently described recruitment to inflation ratio. In a subgroup of seven paralyzed patients, we also measured ventilation-perfusion mismatch at lower positive end-expiratory pressure by electrical impedance tomography. At higher positive end-expiratory pressure, respiratory mechanics did not change significantly: compliance remained relatively high with low driving pressure. Oxygenation and ventilation inhomogeneity improved but arterial CO2 increased despite unchanged respiratory rate and tidal volume. The recruitment to inflation ratio presented median value higher than previously reported in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients but with large variability (median, 0.79 [0.53-1.08]; range, 0.16-1.40). The FIO2 needed to obtain viable oxygenation at lower positive end-expiratory pressure was significantly correlated with the recruitment to inflation ratio (r = 0.603; p = 0.05). The ventilation-perfusion mismatch was elevated (median, 34% [32-45%] of lung units) and, in six out of seven patients, ventilated nonperfused units represented a much larger proportion than perfused nonventilated ones. In patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome from coronavirus disease 2019, potential for lung recruitment presents large variability, while elevated dead space fraction may be a specific pathophysiological trait. These findings may guide selection of personalized mechanical ventilation settings."}, {"pmid": 32437939, "pmcid": "PMC7207134", "title": "Chest X-ray severity index as a predictor of in-hospital mortality in coronavirus disease 2019: A study of 302 patients from Italy.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Borghesi, Andrea", "Zigliani, Angelo", "Golemi, Salvatore", "Carapella, Nicola", "Maculotti, Patrizia", "Farina, Davide", "Maroldi, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437939", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to assess the usefulness of a new chest X-ray scoring system - the Brixia score - to predict the risk of in-hospital mortality in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Between March 4, 2020 and March 24, 2020, all CXR reports including the Brixia score were retrieved. We enrolled only hospitalized Caucasian patients with COVID-19 for whom the final outcome was available. For each patient, age, sex, underlying comorbidities, immunosuppressive therapies, and the CXR report containing the highest score were considered for analysis. These independent variables were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model to extract the predictive factors for in-hospital mortality. 302 Caucasian patients who were hospitalized for COVID-19 were enrolled. In the multivariable logistic regression model, only Brixia score, patient age, and conditions that induced immunosuppression were the significant predictive factors for in-hospital mortality. According to receiver operating characteristic curve analyses, the optimal cutoff values for Brixia score and patient age were 8 points and 71 years, respectively. Three different models that included the Brixia score showed excellent predictive power. Patients with a high Brixia score and at least one other predictive factor had the highest risk of in-hospital death."}, {"pmid": 32339235, "pmcid": "PMC7197582", "title": "A Quantitative Framework for Modeling COVID-19 Risk During Adjuvant Therapy Using Published Randomized Trials of Glioblastoma in the Elderly.", "journal": "Neuro Oncol", "authors": ["Tabrizi, Shervin", "Trippa, Lorenzo", "Cagney, Daniel", "Tanguturi, Shyam", "Ventz, Steffen", "Fell, Geoffrey", "Wen, Patrick Y", "Alexander, Brian M", "Rahman, Rifaquat"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339235", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, contact with the healthcare system for cancer treatment can increase risk of infection and associated mortality. Treatment recommendations must consider this risk for elderly and vulnerable cancer patients. We re-analyzed trials in elderly glioblastoma (GBM) patients, incorporating COVID-19 risk, in order to provide a quantitative framework for comparing different radiation (RT) fractionation schedules on patient outcomes. We extracted individual patient-level data (IPLD) for 1,321 patients from Kaplan-Meier curves from five randomized trials on treatment of elderly GBM patients including available subanalyses based on MGMT methylation status. We simulated trial data with incorporation of COVID-19 associated mortality risk in several scenarios (low, medium, and high infection and mortality risks). Median overall survival and hazard ratios were calculated for each simulation replicate. Our simulations reveal how COVID-19-associated risks affect survival under different treatment regimens. Hypofractionated RT with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) demonstrated the best outcomes in low and medium risk scenarios. In frail elderly patients, shorter courses of RT are preferable. In patients with methylated MGMT receiving single modality treatment, TMZ-alone treatment approaches may be an option in settings with high COVID-19-associated risk. Incorporation of COVID-19-associated risk models into analysis of randomized trials can help guide clinical decisions during this pandemic. In elderly GBM patients, our results support prioritization of hypofractionated RT and highlight the utility of MGMT methylation status in decision-making in pandemic scenarios. Our quantitative framework can serve as a model for assessing COVID-19 risk associated with treatment across neuro-oncology."}, {"pmid": 32452950, "title": "The Effect on Trauma Care Secondary to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Collateral Damage from Diversion of Resources.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Haut, Elliott R", "Leeds, Ira", "Livingston, David H"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452950", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220832, "title": "Covid-19: diabetes clinicians set up social media account to help alleviate patients' fears.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220832", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311512, "pmcid": "PMC7165091", "title": "Diarrhea Is Associated With Prolonged Symptoms and Viral Carriage in Corona Virus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Wei, Xiao-Shan", "Wang, Xu", "Niu, Yi-Ran", "Ye, Lin-Lin", "Peng, Wen-Bei", "Wang, Zi-Hao", "Yang, Wei-Bing", "Yang, Bo-Han", "Zhang, Jian-Chu", "Ma, Wan-Li", "Wang, Xiao-Rong", "Zhou, Qiong"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311512", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We compared clinical, laboratory, radiological, and outcome features of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) with pneumonia, with vs without diarrhea. We performed a retrospective, single-center analysis of 84 patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan Union Hospital, China, from January 19 through February 7, 2020. Cases were confirmed by real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR of nasal and pharyngeal swab specimens for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Blood samples were analyzed for white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, D-dimer, C-reactive protein, and in some cases, immunoglobulins, complement, lymphocyte subsets, and cytokines. Virus RNA was detected in stool samples by real-time PCR. Of the 84 patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, 26 (31%) had diarrhea. The duration of fever and dyspnea in patients with diarrhea was significantly longer than those without diarrhea (all P < .05). Stool samples from a higher proportion of patients with diarrhea tested positive for virus RNA (69%) than from patients without diarrhea (17%) (P < .001). As of February 19, a lower proportion of patients with diarrhea had a negative result from the latest throat swab for SARS-CoV-2 (77%) than patients without diarrhea (97%) (P = .010), during these patients' hospitalization. Of 76 patients with a negative result from their latest throat swab test during hospitalization, a significantly higher proportion of patients with diarrhea had a positive result from the retest for SARS-CoV-2 in stool (45%) than patients without diarrhea (20%) (P = .039). At a single center in Wuhan, China, 31% of patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia had diarrhea. A significantly higher proportion of patients with diarrhea have virus RNA in stool than patients without diarrhea. Elimination of SARS-CoV-2 from stool takes longer than elimination from the nose and throat."}, {"pmid": 32401227, "title": "Professionally responsible counseling about birth location during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Perinat Med", "authors": ["Grunebaum, Amos", "McCullough, Laurence B", "Bornstein, Eran", "Klein, Risa", "Dudenhausen, Joachim W", "Chervenak, Frank A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401227", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "If the worries about the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are not already enough, some pregnant women have been questioning whether the hospital is a safe or safe enough place to deliver their babies and therefore whether they should deliver out-of-hospital during the pandemic. In the United States, planned out-of-hospital births are associated with significantly increased risks of neonatal morbidity and death. In addition, there are obstetric emergencies during out-of-hospital births that can lead to adverse outcomes, partly because of the delay in transporting the woman to the hospital. In other countries with well-integrated obstetric services and well-trained midwives, the differences in outcomes of planned hospital birth and planned home birth are smaller. Women are empowered to make informed decisions when the obstetrician makes ethically justified recommendations, which is known as directive counseling. Recommendations are ethically justified when the outcomes of one form of management is clinically superior to another. The outcomes of morbidity and mortality and of infection control and prevention of planned hospital birth are clinically superior to those of out-of-hospital birth. The obstetrician therefore should recommend planned hospital birth and recommend against planned out-of-hospital birth during the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased stress levels for all patients and even more so for pregnant patients and their families. The response in this difficult time should be to mitigate this stress and empower women to make informed decisions by routinely providing counseling that is evidence-based and directive."}, {"pmid": 32505643, "title": "Feasibility and Acceptability of Inpatient Palliative Care E-Family Meetings During COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Kuntz, Joanne G", "Kavalieratos, Dio", "Esper, Gregory J", "Ogbu, Noble Jr", "Mitchell, Julie", "McLean Ellis, C"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505643", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Family meetings are fundamental to the practice of palliative medicine and serve as a cornerstone of intervention on the inpatient palliative care consultation service. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the structure and process of in-patient family meetings, due to necessary but restrictive visitor policies that did not allow families to be present in the hospital. We describe implementation of telemedicine to facilitate electronic family (e-family) meetings to facilitate in-patient palliative care. Of 67 scheduled meetings and performed by the palliative care service, only 2 meetings were aborted for a 97% success rate of scheduled meetings occurring. On a five-point Likert-type scale, the average clinician rating of the e-family meeting overall quality was 3.18 (SD, 0.96). Of the 10 unique family participants that agreed to be interviewed, their overall ratings of the e-family meetings were high. Over 80% of respondent families participants reported that they agreed or strongly agreed that they were able to ask all of their questions, felt comfortable expressing their thoughts and feelings with the clinical team, felt like they understood the care their loved one received, and that the virtual family meeting helped them trust the clinical team. Of patients who were able to communicate 50% of family respondents reported that the e-family meeting helped them understand their loved one's thoughts and wishes."}, {"pmid": 32364890, "title": "Evidence Supporting Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 While Presymptomatic or Asymptomatic.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Furukawa, Nathan W", "Brooks, John T", "Sobel, Jeremy"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364890", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent epidemiologic, virologic, and modeling reports support the possibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission from persons who are presymptomatic (SARS-CoV-2 detected before symptom onset) or asymptomatic (SARS-CoV-2 detected but symptoms never develop). SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the absence of symptoms reinforces the value of measures that prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 by infected persons who may not exhibit illness despite being infectious. Critical knowledge gaps include the relative incidence of asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, the public health interventions that prevent asymptomatic transmission, and the question of whether asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection confers protective immunity."}, {"pmid": 32413984, "title": "Should Autism Spectrum Conditions Be Characterised in a More Positive Way in Our Modern World?", "journal": "Medicina (Kaunas)", "authors": ["Wright, Barry", "Spikins, Penny", "Pearson, Hannah"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413984", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a special issue that focuses on complex presentations related to Autism, we ask the question in this editorial whether an Autism Spectrum Condition without complexity is a disorder, or whether it represents human diversity? Much research into Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASCs) over the years has focused on comparisons between neuro-typical people and people with Autism Spectrum Conditions. These comparisons have tended to draw attention to 'deficits' in cognitive abilities and descriptions of behaviours that are characterised as unwanted. Not surprisingly, this is reflected in the classification systems from the World Health Organisation and the American Psychiatric Association. Public opinion about ASC may be influenced by presentations in the media of those with ASC who also have intellectual disability. Given that diagnostic systems are intended to help us better understand conditions in order to seek improved outcomes, we propose a more constructive approach to descriptions that uses more positive language, and balances descriptions of deficits with research finding of strengths and differences. We propose that this will be more helpful to individuals on the Autism Spectrum, both in terms of individual self-view, but also in terms of how society views Autism Spectrum Conditions more positively. Commentary has also been made on guidance that has been adjusted for people with ASC in relation to the current COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32347955, "title": "Hope as a Generative Force: Lifting Our Gaze to the Future.", "journal": "J Contin Educ Nurs", "authors": ["Jones-Schenk, Jan"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347955", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pandemics are by nature \"out of the blue.\" Their unpredictable nature and impact can leave nurses and support systems reeling. Nurses are physically and emotionally exhausted but also may be isolated from the physical and emotional support of families and other loved ones. As leaders concurrently manage the logistical and resource challenges of the COVID-19 epidemic, it is essential for leaders to also lift their gaze to the future. Leaders can be a force multiplier for supporting resilience in their teams. [J Contin Educ Nurs. 2020;51(5):203-204]."}, {"pmid": 32518422, "pmcid": "PMC7272862", "title": "Commentary: \"Leave No One Behind\" and Access to Protection in the Greek Islands in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Int Migr", "authors": ["Veizis, Apostolos"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518422", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441243, "title": "Clostridioides difficile in COVID-19 Patients, Detroit, Michigan, USA, March-April 2020.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Sandhu, Avnish", "Tillotson, Glenn", "Polistico, Jordan", "Salimnia, Hossein", "Cranis, Mara", "Moshos, Judy", "Cullen, Lori", "Jabbo, Lavina", "Diebel, Lawrence", "Chopra, Teena"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441243", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe 9 patients at a medical center in Detroit, Michigan, USA, with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and Clostridioides difficile. Both infections can manifest as digestive symptoms and merit screening when assessing patients with diarrhea during the coronavirus disease pandemic. These co-infections also highlight the continued importance of antimicrobial stewardship."}, {"pmid": 32406855, "pmcid": "PMC7265653", "title": "A Web- and App-Based Connected Care Solution for COVID-19 In- and Outpatient Care: Qualitative Study and Application Development.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Schinkothe, Timo", "Gabri, Mariano Rolando", "Mitterer, Manfred", "Gouveia, Pedro", "Heinemann, Volker", "Harbeck, Nadia", "Subklewe, Marion"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406855", "countries": ["Italy", "Germany", "Switzerland", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "Argentina", "United States", "Portugal"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From the perspective of health care professionals, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) brings many challenges as well as opportunities for digital health care. One challenge is that health care professionals are at high risk of infection themselves. Therefore, in-person visits need to be reduced to an absolute minimum. Connected care solutions, including telehealth, remote patient monitoring, and secure communications between clinicians and their patients, may rapidly become the first choice in such public health emergencies. The aim of the COVID-19 Caregiver Cockpit (C19CC) was to implement a free-of-charge, web- and app-based tool for patient assessment to assist health care professionals working in the COVID-19 environment. Physicians in Argentina, Germany, Iran, Italy, Portugal, Switzerland, and the United States explained their challenges with COVID-19 patient care through unstructured interviews. Based on the collected feedback, the first version of the C19CC was built. In the second round of interviews, the application was presented to physicians, and more feedback was obtained. Physicians identified a number of different scenarios where telemedicine or connected care solutions could rapidly improve patient care. These scenarios included outpatient care, discharge management, remote tracking of patients with chronic diseases, as well as incorporating infected physicians under quarantine into telehealth services. The C19CC is the result of an agile and iterative development process that complements the work of physicians. It aims to improve the care and safety of people who are infected by COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32360493, "pmcid": "PMC7177066", "title": "Nursing Activities Score is increased in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Intensive Crit Care Nurs", "authors": ["Lucchini, Alberto", "Giani, Marco", "Elli, Stefano", "Villa, Silvia", "Rona, Roberto", "Foti, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360493", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360230, "title": "Global coronavirus disease 2019: What has daily cumulative index taught us?", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Lai, Chih-Cheng", "Wang, Cheng-Yi", "Wang, Ya-Hui", "Hsueh, Po-Ren"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360230", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In addition to the absolute case number, a rapid increase in the number of COVID-19 cases within a short time results in insufficiency of healthcare systems and further negatively affects patient outcomes. This study was conducted to investigate the association between the outcomes of COVID-19 patients and daily cumulative index (DCI), which was defined as the average daily number of new cases of COVID-19 and calculated by cumulative cases/number of days between the first reported case and March 6, 2020, by country. Spearman's rank correlation analyses were conducted to evaluate the relationship between mortality, incidence, and DCI. In this study, DCI was positively correlated with incidence (adjusted risk ratio [aRR]\u00a0=\u00a01.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]\u00a0=\u00a01.00-1.02, P < 0.01). Higher correlation was observed between mortality and DCI (mortality rate: r\u00a0=\u00a00.397, P\u00a0=\u00a00.018; mortality per 1\u00a0000\u00a0000 people: r\u00a0=\u00a00.0.428, P\u00a0=\u00a00.004) than between disease incidence and DCI. DCI remained statistically significantly associated with mortality per 1\u00a0000\u00a0000 people after adjustment of Health Care Index (aRR\u00a0=\u00a01.02, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.01-1.03, P < 0.001) or Healthcare Access and Quality Index (aRR\u00a0=\u00a01.02, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.01-1.04, P < 0.01. Reducing DCI through strict infection control measures can help slow the number of new COVID-19 cases and further improve outcomes in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32219814, "title": "[Expert consensus on the management strategy of patients with hereditary ataxia during prevention and control of novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Specialized Committee Of Neurogenetics Neurophysician Branch Of Chinese Medical Doctor Association", "Jiang, Hong", "Tang, Beisha"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219814", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a series of highly infectious cases of unexplained pneumonia have been discovered in Wuhan, Hubei Province, which have been confirmed as '2019 corona virus disease' caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 virus can invade many human systems including the lungs. Patients with central nervous system involvement may show a series of neurological symptoms, which is easy to be misdiagnosed and neglected, thereby increasing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Hereditary ataxia is a large group of neurodegenerative diseases with great clinical and genetic heterogeneity and high mortality and disability. In view of the seriousness of the COVID-19 epidemic, a series of prevention and control measures adopted by the government have restricted the follow-up, diagnosis and treatment of patients by the hospitals, which has a great impact on their mental and physical health. In order to standardize the management of patients during the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic, the Specialized Committee of Neurogenetics of the Neurophysician Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association has formulated this consensus, with an aim to help patients to overcome the difficulties and pass the epidemic prevention period safely."}, {"pmid": 32480119, "title": "New-onset psychosis in COVID-19 pandemic: a case series in Madrid.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Rentero, David", "Juanes, Alba", "Losada, Cristina P", "Alvarez, Sonia", "Parra, Alba", "Santana, Varinia", "Marti, Ines", "Urricelqui, Javier"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480119", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277555, "pmcid": "PMC7262121", "title": "Novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection in a renal transplant recipient: Case report.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Ning, Ling", "Liu, Lei", "Li, Wenyuan", "Liu, Hongtao", "Wang, Jizhou", "Yao, Ziqin", "Zhang, Shengyu", "Zhao, Desheng", "Nashan, Bjorn", "Shen, Aizong", "Liu, Lianxin", "Li, Lei"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277555", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An ongoing outbreak of pneumonia associated with the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) started in Wuhan, China, with cases now confirmed in multiple countries. The clinical course of patients remains to be fully characterized, clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic infection to acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute renal failure, and no pharmacological therapies of proven efficacy yet exist. We report a case of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a renal transplant recipient with excellent outcome. This case states the importance of close monitoring of the concentration of cyclosporine in patients treated with lopinavir/ritonavir; the routine treatment of corticosteroid can be continued. This is a rare report of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a renal transplant recipient. Further data are needed to achieve better understanding of the impact of immunosuppressive therapy on the clinical presentation, severity, and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infections in solid organ transplant recipients."}, {"pmid": 32196453, "title": "Diagnostic Value of Chest CT in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Curr Med Imaging", "authors": ["Sun, Zhonghua"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196453", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410167, "pmcid": "PMC7224162", "title": "Vertebral compression fractures in multiple myeloma: redefining the priorities during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Aging Clin Exp Res", "authors": ["Giorgi, P D", "Schiro, G R", "Capitani, D", "D'Aliberti, G", "Gallazzi, E"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410167", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330314, "title": "Is BCG vaccination affecting the spread and severity of COVID-19?", "journal": "Allergy", "authors": ["Ozdemir, Cevdet", "Kucuksezer, Umut Can", "Tamay, Zeynep Ulker"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330314", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489929, "pmcid": "PMC7242306", "title": "A systematic review of chest imaging findings in COVID-19.", "journal": "Quant Imaging Med Surg", "authors": ["Sun, Zhonghua", "Zhang, Nan", "Li, Yu", "Xu, Xunhua"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489929", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chest computed tomography (CT) is frequently used in diagnosing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for detecting abnormal changes in the lungs and monitoring disease progression during the treatment process. Furthermore, CT imaging appearances are correlated with patients presenting with different clinical scenarios, such as early versus advanced stages, asymptomatic versus symptomatic patients, and severe versus nonsevere situations. However, its role as a screening and diagnostic tool in COVID-19 remains to be clarified. This article provides a systematic review and meta-analysis of the current literature on chest CT imaging findings with the aim of highlighting the contribution and judicious use of CT in the diagnosis of COVID-19. A search of PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Scopus was performed to identify studies reporting chest imaging findings in COVID-19. Chest imaging abnormalities associated with COVID-19 were extracted from the eligible studies and diagnostic value of CT in detecting these abnormal changes was compared between studies consisting of both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients. A random-effects model was used to perform meta-analysis for calculation of pooled mean values and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of abnormal imaging findings. Fifty-five studies met the selection criteria and were included in the analysis. Pulmonary lesions more often involved bilateral lungs (78%, 95% CI: 45-100%) and were more likely to have a peripheral (65.35%, 95% CI: 25.93-100%) and peripheral plus central distribution (31.12%, 95% CI: 1.96-74.07%), but less likely to have a central distribution (3.57%, 95% CI: 0.99-9.80%). Ground glass opacities (GGO) (58.05%, 95% CI: 16.67-100%), consolidation (44.18%, 95% CI: 1.61-71.46%) and GGO plus consolidation (52.99%, 95% CI: 19.05-76.79%) were the most common findings reported in 94.5% (52/55) of the studies, followed by air bronchogram (42.50%, 95% CI: 7.78-80.39%), linear opacities (41.29%, 95% CI: 7.44-65.06%), crazy-paving pattern (23.57%, 95% CI: 3.13-91.67%) and interlobular septal thickening (22.91%, 95% CI: 0.90-80.49%). CT has low specificity in differentiating pneumonia-related lung changes due to significant overlap between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients with no significant differences in most of the imaging findings between these two groups (P>0.05). Furthermore, normal CT (13.31%, 95% CI: 0.74-38.36%) was reported in 26 (47.3%) studies. Despite widespread use of CT in the diagnosis of COVID-19 patients based on the current literature, CT findings are not pathognomonic as it lacks specificity in differentiating imaging appearances caused by different types of pneumonia. Further, there is a relatively high percentage of normal CT scans. Use of CT as a first-line diagnostic or screening tool in COVID-19 is not recommended."}, {"pmid": 32321003, "title": "Use of facemasks to limit COVID-19 transmission.", "journal": "Epidemiol Serv Saude", "authors": ["Garcia, Leila Posenato"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321003", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406350, "pmcid": "PMC7267100", "title": "Preliminary reflections of CAMHS in COVID-19 lockdown.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Bertz, Sunnhild", "Olatoye, Oluwatobi", "O'Hanrahan, Susan", "Zaidi, Nazuk"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406350", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339299, "pmcid": "PMC7267226", "title": "Is global BCG vaccination-induced trained immunity relevant to the progression of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic?", "journal": "Allergy", "authors": ["Gursel, Mayda", "Gursel, Ihsan"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339299", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32534465, "title": "Resilience strategies to manage psychological distress amongst healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Heath, C", "Sommerfield, A", "von Ungern-Sternberg, B S"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534465", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic marks an extraordinary global public health crisis unseen in the last century, with its rapid spread worldwide and associated mortality burden. The longevity of the crisis, and disruption to normality is unknown. With COVID-19 set to be a chronic health crisis, clinicians will be required to maintain a state of high alert for an extended period. The support received before and during an incident is likely to influence whether clinicians experience psychological growth or injury. An abundance of information is emerging on disease epidemiology, pathogenesis and infection control prevention. However, literature on interventions for supporting the psychological wellbeing of healthcare workers during disease outbreaks is limited. This article summarises the available management strategies to increase resilience in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. It focuses on self care and organisational justice. It highlights various individual as well as organisational strategies. With the success of slowing disease spread in many countries to date, and reduced workload due to limitations on elective surgery in many institutions, there is more time and opportunity to be proactive in implementing measures to mitigate or minimise potential adverse psychological effects and improve, restore and preserve the wellbeing of the workforce now and for years to come. The purpose of this review is to review available literature on strategies for minimising the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinicians and to identify proactive holistic approaches which may be beneficial for healthcare workers both for the current crisis and into the future."}, {"pmid": 32435500, "pmcid": "PMC7225402", "title": "A step towards gender equity to strengthen the pharmaceutical workforce during COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pharm Policy Pract", "authors": ["Bukhari, Nadia", "Manzoor, Mehr", "Rasheed, Huma", "Nayyer, Bismah", "Malik, Madeeha", "Babar, Zaheer-Ud-Din"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435500", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is plenty of evidence to support that women leaders are needed in the health and pharmaceutical sectors, although most of the leadership positions in global health are predominantly occupied by men. This is a major challenge to global health policy. Gender diversity and inclusion within the pharmaceutical workforce is integral to optimal patient care. Women continue to be underrepresented in senior and leadership positions within pharmacy, despite outnumbering the men in the global pharmacy workforce. This commentary highlights the need towards gender equity and discusses the several key initiatives that are building momentum and making substantial progress towards this agenda in the pharmaceutical workforce."}, {"pmid": 32453687, "title": "Position paper on the preparation of immune plasma to be used in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Blood Transfus", "authors": ["Accorsi, Patrizia", "Berti, Pierluigi", "de Angelis, Vincenzo", "De Silvestro, Giustina", "Mascaretti, Luca", "Ostuni, Angelo"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453687", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Passive immunotherapy with plasma derived from convalescent patients recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection can be a promising approach in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. It is important that blood establishments are ready to satisfy requests for immune plasma by defining the requirements applicable to plasma donors and the standards for preparation, qualification, storage, distribution, and control of product use. This Position paper aims to give recommendations on the biological characteristics of a plasma preparation from convalescent donors and to support the evaluation of this therapeutic approach in more rigorous investigations."}, {"pmid": 32349934, "pmcid": "PMC7180374", "title": "The Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on Uro-oncological Practice Across Europe: Which Burden of Activity Are We Facing Ahead?", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Oderda, Marco", "Roupret, Morgan", "Marra, Giancarlo", "Merseburger, Axel S", "Oderda, Gianluca", "Falcone, Marco", "Ceruti, Carlo", "Shariat, Shahrokh F", "Gontero, Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349934", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348049, "title": "[COVID-19 from the nephrologist's point of view].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Kissling, Sebastien", "Pruijm, Menno"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348049", "countries": ["Switzerland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the actual pandemic of COVID-19, it has become clear that the virus causing this devastating disease, SARS-CoV2, targets not only the lungs but also other organs. In this article, we discuss the known or suspected interactions between the virus and the kidneys, as well as their clinical presentations. We also discuss how the pandemic has altered the activities of nephrologists and the logistics of a Swiss dialysis center."}, {"pmid": 32350047, "title": "The Role of Antibody Testing for SARS-CoV-2: Is There One?", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Theel, Elitza S", "Slev, Patricia", "Wheeler, Sarah", "Couturier, Marc Roger", "Wong, Susan J", "Kadkhoda, Kamran"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350047", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) brought with it rapid development of both molecular and serologic assays for identification of COVID-19 infections. While Food and Drug Administration (FDA) emergency use authorization (EUA) is required for clinical application of SARS-CoV-2 molecular tests, submission for EUA is currently a voluntary process for manufacturers of serologic assays. The absence of FDA oversight of serologic tests is concerning, given that the commercially available serologic assays are highly variable, differing in their format, the antibody class detected, the targeted antigen and the acceptable specimen types. An added complication is the lack of a clear understanding for how such assays should be utilized and what the reported results ultimately indicate, or perhaps more importantly, what they do not indicate. Here, we provide a brief summary of the performance of a number of serologic assays reported in the literature, comment on what we do and do not know regarding our immune response to SARS-CoV-2, and provide a number of scenarios for which serologic testing will play a role in during our global response to this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32271606, "title": "Fighting COVID-19 in Iran; Economic Challenges Ahead.", "journal": "Arch Iran Med", "authors": ["Zandifar, Atefeh", "Badrfam, Rahim"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271606", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526675, "title": "AusDiagnostics SARS-CoV-2 kits shown to be more sensitive than reference laboratory test.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Stanley, Keith"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526675", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504450, "pmcid": "PMC7274265", "title": "Dysfunctional Coagulation in COVID-19: From Cell to Bedside.", "journal": "Adv Ther", "authors": ["Wang, Jie", "Saguner, Ardan M", "An, Jiaqi", "Ning, Yuye", "Yan, Yang", "Li, Guoliang"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504450", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which can induce multisystem disease. Human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) widely expressing in arterial and venous endothelial cells and arterial smooth muscle cells has been identified as a functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Dysfunction of ACE2 leads to abnormal activation of the renin-angiotensin system and a systemic endotheliitis that may relate to abnormal coagulation and sepsis. Meanwhile, innate immune response and inflammation activation participate in dysfunctional coagulation. Previous research indicated that dysfunctional coagulation was one of the important risk factors accountable for a high risk of severe disease and death in patients with COVID-19. Understanding the possible mechanisms of dysfunctional coagulation and appropriate anticoagulation therapeutic strategies are important to prevent disease deterioration and reduce fatality rates during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32474800, "pmcid": "PMC7261213", "title": "Children's heart and COVID-19: Up-to-date evidence in the form of a systematic review.", "journal": "Eur J Pediatr", "authors": ["Sanna, Giulia", "Serrau, Gaia", "Bassareo, Pier Paolo", "Neroni, Paola", "Fanos, Vassilios", "Marcialis, Maria Antonietta"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474800", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus disease outbreak in 2019 (COVID-19) represents a dramatic challenge for healthcare systems worldwide. As to viral tropism, lungs are not the only COVID-19 target but also the heart may be involved in a not negligible percentage of the infected patients. Myocarditis-related cardiac dysfunction and potentially life-threatening arrhythmias are the main aftermaths. A few studies showed that myocardial injury in adult patients is often linked with a fatal outcome. Conversely, scientific evidence in children is sparse, although several reports were published with the description of a cardiac involvement in COVID-19 paediatric patients. In these young subjects, a background of surgically treated congenital heart disease seems to be a predisposing factor.Conclusion: This systematic review is aimed at summarizing all COVID-19 cases with a cardiac involvement published in paediatric age and trying to explain the underlying mechanisms responsible for COVID-19-related myocardial damage.What is Known:\u2022 Coronaviruses proved to be able to jump from animals to humans.\u2022 The outbreak of COVID-19 started from China (Dec 2019) and became pandemic.What is New:\u2022 Even in childhood, COVID-19 is not without the risk of cardiac involvement.\u2022 Myocarditis, heart failure, and arrhythmias are among the possible manifestations."}, {"pmid": 32437231, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic; prevention, treatment, and mental health.", "journal": "Hum Vaccin Immunother", "authors": ["Khan, Suliman", "Siddique, Rabeea", "Li, Zhe", "Xue, Mengzhou", "Liu, Jianbo", "Nabi, Ghulam"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437231", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463538, "title": "Excess out-of-hospital deaths during COVID-19 outbreak: evidence of pulmonary embolism as a main determinant.", "journal": "Eur J Heart Fail", "authors": ["Benzakoun, Joseph", "Hmeydia, Ghazi", "Delabarde, Tania", "Hamza, Lilia", "Meder, Jean-Francois", "Ludes, Bertrand", "Mebazaa, Alexandre"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463538", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343298, "title": "Leveraging COVID-19-Inspired Changes to Advance Otolaryngology-Here to Stay.", "journal": "JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Khariwala, Samir S", "Weinreich, Heather M", "McCoul, Edward D", "Graboyes, Evan", "Francis, David O", "Baldassari, Cristina", "Poetker, David M", "Tunkel, David E", "Davies, Louise"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343298", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360055, "pmcid": "PMC7174166", "title": "Suggestions for the care of patients with liver disease during the Coronavirus 2019 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Ganne-Carrie, Nathalie", "Fontaine, Helene", "Dumortier, Jerome", "Boursier, Jerome", "Bureau, Christophe", "Leroy, Vincent", "Bourliere, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360055", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This document, written by the French Association for the Study of the Liver (AFEF) board, aims to provide information to physicians involved in the care of patients with liver disease during the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic. These are not based on a systematic review of the literature and a rigorous evaluation using the GRADE method. These are recommendations based on feedback from China available in the form of original articles or letters - for which the scientific evidence is often modest - and the rules put forward by American (1) and European (Boettler et al, 2020) hepatology societies, the French National Digestive Cancer Thesaurus (Di Fiore et al., 2020) and the Francophone Transplantation Society (4). These suggestions require adjustment according to the geographical particularities of the epidemic, available standard procedures and access to local resources. This document will be updated as regularly as possible according to the evolution of our knowledge and characteristics on the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32303821, "pmcid": "PMC7163348", "title": "[A cross sectional study on patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases in terms of their compliance to their immunsuppressive medication during COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "Z Rheumatol", "authors": ["Schmeiser, T", "Broll, M", "Dormann, A", "Frabel, C", "Hermann, W", "Hudowenz, O", "Keil, F", "Muller-Ladner, U", "Ozden, F", "Pfeiffer, U", "Saech, J", "Schwarting, A", "Stapfer, G", "Steinchen, N", "Storck-Muller, K", "Strunk, J", "Thiele, A", "Triantafyllias, K", "Wassenberg, S", "Wilden, E", "Hasseli, R"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303821", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic inherits an unprecedented challenge for the treating rheumatologists. On the one hand, antirheumatic drugs can increase the risk of infection and potentially deteriorate the course of an infection. On the other hand, an active inflammatory rheumatic disease can also increase the risk for an infection. In the recommendations of the German Society for Rheumatology (www.dgrh.de), it is recommended that our patients continue the antirheumatic therapy to maintain remission or low state of activity despite the pandemic. In this study, patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease were asked in the first weeks of the pandemic on their opinion of their immunomodulating therapy. The result shows that over 90% of the patients followed the recommendation of the rheumatologist to continue the antirheumatic therapy, and only a\u00a0small percentage of the patients terminated the therapy on their own. This result was independent of the individual anti-rheumatic therapy. Taken together, the results of this study illustrate not only the trustful patient-physician partnership in a\u00a0threatening situation but also the high impact of state-of-the art recommendations by the respective scientific society."}, {"pmid": 32450732, "title": "Virtual Dysphagia Evaluation: Practical Guidelines for Dysphagia Management in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Soldatova, Liuba", "Williams, Colleen", "Postma, Gregory N", "Falk, Gary W", "Mirza, Natasha"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450732", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With encouraging signs of pandemic containment nationwide, the promise of return to a full range of clinical practice is on the horizon. Clinicians are starting to prepare for a transition from limited evaluation of emergent and urgent complaints to resumption of elective surgical procedures and routine office visits within the next few weeks to months. Otolaryngology as a specialty faces unique challenges when it comes to the COVID-19 pandemic due to the fact that a comprehensive head and neck examination requires aerosol-generating endoscopic procedures. Since the COVID-19 pandemic is far from being over and the future may hold other highly communicable infectious threats that may require similar precautions, standard approaches to the clinical evaluation of common otolaryngology complaints will have to be modified. In this communication, we present practical recommendations for dysphagia evaluation with modifications to allow a safe and comprehensive assessment."}, {"pmid": 32405146, "pmcid": "PMC7217768", "title": "Optimizing Access to Heart Failure Care in Canada during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Virani, S A", "Clarke, B", "Ducharme, A", "Ezekowitz, J A", "Heckman, G A", "McDonald, M", "Mielniczuk, L M", "Swiggum, E", "Van Spall, H G C", "Zieroth, S"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405146", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The traditional model of heart failure (HF) care in Canada, which relies upon a multidisciplinary team and clinic-based care processes, has been undermined as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. As the pandemic continues, we will be challenged to improve or maintain the health status of those with HF by optimizing guideline-directed care despite physical distancing constraints and a reduction in the health care workforce. This will require development of new strategies specifically targeted at decreasing the risk of decompensation and resultant HF hospitalization. As such, we must quickly pivot to the adoption and application of novel technologies and revise usual care models, processes, and workflow. The unprecedented COVID-19 crisis has delivered the Canadian HF community a burning platform for the\u00a0design and implementation of innovative approaches to support the vulnerable population we serve; born out of necessity, we now have the opportunity to explore innovative approaches that might inform the future of HF care delivery in Canada. Herein, we provide perspectives from leadership within the Canadian Heart Failure Society on how to optimize HF care during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32225137, "title": "Facing in real time the challenges of the Covid-19 epidemic for rehabilitation.", "journal": "Eur J Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Negrini, Stefano", "Ferriero, Giorgio", "Kiekens, Carlotte", "Boldrini, Paolo"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32225137", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32173241, "pmcid": "PMC7128959", "title": "Asymptomatic carrier state, acute respiratory disease, and pneumonia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Facts and myths.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Lai, Chih-Cheng", "Liu, Yen Hung", "Wang, Cheng-Yi", "Wang, Ya-Hui", "Hsueh, Shun-Chung", "Yen, Muh-Yen", "Ko, Wen-Chien", "Hsueh, Po-Ren"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32173241", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (formerly known as the 2019 novel coronavirus [2019-nCoV]) in Wuhan, China in December 2019, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), more than 75,000 cases have been reported in 32 countries/regions, resulting in more than 2000 deaths worldwide. Despite the fact that most COVID-19 cases and mortalities were reported in China, the WHO has declared this outbreak as the sixth public health emergency of international concern. The COVID-19 can present as an asymptomatic carrier state, acute respiratory disease, and pneumonia. Adults represent the population with the highest infection rate; however, neonates, children, and elderly patients can also be infected by SARS-CoV-2. In addition, nosocomial infection of hospitalized patients and healthcare workers, and viral transmission from asymptomatic carriers are possible. The most common finding on chest imaging among patients with pneumonia was ground-glass opacity with bilateral involvement. Severe cases are more likely to be older patients with underlying comorbidities compared to mild cases. Indeed, age and disease severity may be correlated with the outcomes of COVID-19. To date, effective treatment is lacking; however, clinical trials investigating the efficacy of several agents, including remdesivir and chloroquine, are underway in China. Currently, effective infection control intervention is the only way to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32427598, "title": "The COVID-19 Curriculum.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Rosen, Kate"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427598", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301155, "title": "COVID-19 in solid organ transplant recipients: A single-center case series from Spain.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Fernandez-Ruiz, Mario", "Andres, Amado", "Loinaz, Carmelo", "Delgado, Juan F", "Lopez-Medrano, Francisco", "San Juan, Rafael", "Gonzalez, Esther", "Polanco, Natalia", "Folgueira, Maria D", "Lalueza, Antonio", "Lumbreras, Carlos", "Aguado, Jose M"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301155", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The clinical characteristics, management, and outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) after solid organ transplant (SOT) remain unknown. We report our preliminary experience with 18 SOT (kidney [44.4%], liver [33.3%], and heart [22.2%]) recipients diagnosed with COVID-19 by March 23, 2020 at a tertiary-care center at Madrid. Median age at diagnosis was 71.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012.8\u00a0years, and the median interval since transplantation was 9.3\u00a0years. Fever (83.3%) and radiographic abnormalities in form of unilateral or bilateral/multifocal consolidations (72.2%) were the most common presentations. Lopinavir/ritonavir (usually associated with hydroxychloroquine) was used in 50.0% of patients and had to be prematurely discontinued in 2 of them. Other antiviral regimens included hydroxychloroquine monotherapy (27.8%) and interferon-\u03b2 (16.7%). As of April 4, the case-fatality rate was 27.8% (5/18). After a median follow-up of 18\u00a0days from symptom onset, 30.8% (4/13) of survivors developed progressive respiratory failure, 7.7% (1/13) showed stable clinical condition or improvement, and 61.5% (8/13) had been discharged home. C-reactive protein levels at various points were significantly higher among recipients who experienced unfavorable outcome. In conclusion, this frontline report suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection has a severe course in SOT recipients."}, {"pmid": 32171866, "pmcid": "PMC7102640", "title": "Clinical features of COVID-19 in elderly patients: A comparison with young and middle-aged patients.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Liu, Kai", "Chen, Ying", "Lin, Ruzheng", "Han, Kunyuan"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171866", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the general susceptibility of new coronaviruses, the clinical characteristics and outcomes of elderly and young patients may be different. To analyze the clinical characteristics of elderly patients with 2019 new-type coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19). This is a retrospective study of patients with new coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) who were hospitalized in Hainan Provincial People's Hospital from January 15, 2020 to February 18, 2020. Compare the clinical characteristics of elderly with Young and Middle-aged patients. A total of 56 patients were enrolled 18 elderly patients (32.14%), and 38 young and middle-aged patients (67.86%). The most common symptoms in both groups were fever, followed by cough and sputum. Four patients in the elderly group received negative pressure ICU for mechanical ventilation, and five patients in the young and middle-aged group. One patient died in the elderly group (5.56%), and two patients died in the young and middle-aged group (5.26%). The PSI score of the elderly group was higher than that of the young and middle-aged group (P\u00a0<\u00a00.001). The proportion of patients with PSI grades IV and V was significantly higher in the elderly group than in the young and middle-aged group (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05). The proportion of multiple lobe involvement in the elderly group was higher than that in the young and middle-aged group (P\u00a0<\u00a00.001), and there was no difference in single lobe lesions between the two groups. The proportion of lymphocytes in the elderly group was significantly lower than that in the young and middle-aged group (P\u00a0<\u00a00.001), and the C-reactive protein was significantly higher in the young group (P\u00a0<\u00a00.001). The Lopinavir and Ritonavir Tablets, Chinese medicine, oxygen therapy, and mechanical ventilation were statistically different in the elderly group and the young and middle-aged group, and the P values were all <0.05. The mortality of elderly patients with COVID-19 is higher than that of young and middle-aged patients, and the proportion of patients with PSI grade IV and V is significantly higher than that of young and middle-aged patients. Elderly patients with COVID-19 are more likely to progress to severe disease."}, {"pmid": 32234957, "title": "WHO must prioritise the needs of older people in its response to the covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234957", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301647, "pmcid": "PMC7233411", "title": "Well-aerated Lung on Admitting Chest CT to Predict Adverse Outcome in COVID-19 Pneumonia.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Colombi, Davide", "Bodini, Flavio C", "Petrini, Marcello", "Maffi, Gabriele", "Morelli, Nicola", "Milanese, Gianluca", "Silva, Mario", "Sverzellati, Nicola", "Michieletti, Emanuele"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301647", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background Computed tomography (CT) of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease depicts the extent of lung involvement in COVID-19 pneumonia. Purpose The aim of the study was to determine the value of quantification of the well-aerated lung obtained at baseline chest CT for determining prognosis in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Materials and Methods Patients who underwent chest CT suspected for COVID-19 pneumonia at the emergency department admission between February 17 to March 10, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with negative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 in nasal-pharyngeal swabs, negative chest CT, and incomplete clinical data were excluded. CT was analyzed for quantification of well aerated lung visually (%V-WAL) and by open-source software (%S-WAL and absolute volume, VOL-WAL). Clinical parameters included demographics, comorbidities, symptoms and symptom duration, oxygen saturation and laboratory values. Logistic regression was used to evaluate relationship between clinical parameters and CT metrics versus patient outcome (ICU admission/death vs. no ICU admission/ death). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated to determine model performance. Results The study included 236 patients (females 59/123, 25%; median age, 68 years). A %V-WAL<73% (OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 2.7-10.8; P<0.001), %S-WAL<71% (OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.9-7.5; P<0.001), and VOL-WAL<2.9 L (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.2-5.8; P<0.01) were predictors of ICU admission/death. In comparison with clinical model containing only clinical parameters (AUC, 0.83), all three quantitative models showed higher diagnostic performance (AUC 0.86 for all models). The models containing %V-WAL<73% and VOL-WAL<2.9L were superior in terms of performance as compared to the models containing only clinical parameters (P=0.04 for both models). Conclusion In patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia, visual or software quantification the extent of CT lung abnormality were predictors of ICU admission or death."}, {"pmid": 32333603, "title": "Transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 to healthcare workers -observational results of a primary care hospital contact tracing.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Canova, Vera", "Lederer Schlapfer, Heidi", "Piso, Rein Jan", "Droll, Armin", "Fenner, Lukas", "Hoffmann, Tobias", "Hoffmann, Matthias"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333603", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 epidemic is evolving rapidly. Healthcare workers are at increased risk for infection, and specific requirements for their protection are advisable to ensure the functioning of the basic healthcare system, including the availability of general practitioners (GPs). Understanding the transmission risk is particularly important for guiding evidence-based protective measures in the primary healthcare setting. Healthcare worker contacts of an initially undiagnosed COVID-19 case, who were without personal protective equipment, in particular not wearing facemasks, were screened with nasopharyngeal swabs and polymerase chain reaction tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), irrespective of respiratory symptoms or fever seven days after initial contact. The details of exposure to the index case were obtained during routine contact investigation after unintentional pathogen exposure. Twenty-one healthcare workers reported contacts with the index case. Three healthcare workers reported respiratory symptoms (cough) or low-grade fever within 4 days. None of them tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 at the time of symptom onset. All 21 healthcare workers tested SARS-CoV-2 negative 7 days after initial index case contact, including the three healthcare workers with previous symptoms. Ten of the 21 healthcare workers reported a cumulative exposure time of &gt;15 minutes. Longer cumulative contact times were associated with more individual contacts, reduced contact time per contact and activities with physical patient contact. The closest relative of the index patient tested SARS-CoV-2 positive 2 days after the index case presented at the hospital emergency department. We found a low risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a primary care setting. These findings are compatible with previous reports of the highest transmission probability in household settings with prolonged close contacts. The current protective measures for healthcare workers, including strict adherence to basic standard hygiene and facemasks, offer considerable protection during short periods of contact with symptomatic COVID-19 cases by diminishing the risk of direct and indirect transmission."}, {"pmid": 32303108, "pmcid": "PMC7264586", "title": "Serological survey of SARS-CoV-2 for experimental, domestic, companion and wild animals excludes intermediate hosts of 35 different species of animals.", "journal": "Transbound Emerg Dis", "authors": ["Deng, Junhua", "Jin, Yipeng", "Liu, Yuxiu", "Sun, Jie", "Hao, Liying", "Bai, Jingjing", "Huang, Tian", "Lin, Degui", "Jin, Yaping", "Tian, Kegong"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303108", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic SARS-CoV-2 has been reported in 123 countries with more than 5,000 patients died from it. However, the original and intermediate hosts of the virus remain unknown. In this study, 1,914 serum samples from 35 animal species were used for detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies using double-antigen sandwich ELISA after validating its specificity and sensitivity. The results showed that no SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were detected in above samples which excluded the possibility of 35 animal species as intermediate host for SARS-CoV-2. More importantly, companion animals including pet dogs (including one dog the SARS-CoV-2 patient kept and two dogs which had close contact with it) and cats, street dogs and cats also showed serological negative to SARS-CoV-2, which relieved the public concerns for the pets as SARS-CoV-2 carriers."}, {"pmid": 32407706, "pmcid": "PMC7219427", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: A New Song Recalls an Old Melody.", "journal": "Cell Host Microbe", "authors": ["Subbarao, Kanta"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407706", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The viruses causing the SARS outbreak of 2002-2003 and current COVID-19 pandemic are related betacoronaviruses. What insights were learned from SARS that can inform SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development? Focusing on important lessons from SARS vaccine development and two SARS vaccines evaluated in humans may guide SARS-CoV-2 vaccine design, testing, and implementation."}, {"pmid": 32312652, "pmcid": "PMC7158848", "title": "Remaining Academically Connected While Socially Distant: Leveraging Technology to Support Dispersed Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Training Programs in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Moadel, Renee M", "Zamora, Edgar", "Burns, Judah G", "Valdivia, Ana Y", "Love, Charito", "Song, Na", "Zuckier, Lionel S"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312652", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495961, "title": "Virtual dermatopathology: A potential educational tool during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Khullar, Geeti", "Chandra, Mithilesh"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495961", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496270, "title": "COVID-19: Endangering women's mental and reproductive health.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Sharma, Pallavi", "Sharma, Shalini", "Singh, Nilanchali"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496270", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505244, "title": "Offline: COVID-19 and the ethics of memory.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Horton, Richard"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505244", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504026, "title": "Frozen cells and empty cages: researchers struggle to revive stalled experiments after the lockdown.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Madhusoodanan, Jyoti"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504026", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315817, "pmcid": "PMC7195434", "title": "Prevalence and severity of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Hu, Yong", "Sun, Jiazhong", "Dai, Zhe", "Deng, Haohua", "Li, Xin", "Huang, Qi", "Wu, Yuwen", "Sun, Li", "Xu, Yancheng"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315817", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since being first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 8, 2019, the outbreak of the novel coronavirus, now known as COVID-19, has spread globally. Some case studies regarding the characteristics and outcome of patients with COVID-19 have been published recently. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the risk factors of COVID-19. Medline, SinoMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched for clinical and epidemiological studies on confirmed cases of COVID-19. The incidence of fever, cough, fatigue, and dyspnea symptoms were 85.6 % (95CI 81.3-89.9 %), 65.7 % (95CI 60.1-71.4 %), 42.4 % (95CI 32.2-52.6 %) and 21.4 % (95CI 15.3-27.5 %). The prevalence of diabetes was 7.7 % (95CI 6.1-9.3 %), hypertension was 15.6 % (95CI 12.6-18.6 %), cardiovascular disease was 4.7 % (95CI 3.1-6.2 %), and malignancy was 1.2 % (95CI 0.5-1.8 %). The complications, including ARDS risk, ranged from 5.6-13.2 %, with the pooled estimate of ARDS risk at 9.4 %, ACI at 5.8 % (95CI 0.7-10.8 %), AKI at 2.1 % (95CI 0.6-3.7 %), and shock at 4.7 % (95CI 0.9-8.6 %). The risks of severity and mortality ranged from 12.6 to 23.5% and from 2.0 to 4.4 %, with pooled estimates at 18.0 and 3.2 %, respectively. The percentage of critical cases in diabetes and hypertension was 44.5 % (95CI 27.0-61.9 %) and 41.7 % (95CI 26.4-56.9 %), respectively. Fever is the most common symptom in patients with COVID-19. The most prevalent comorbidities are hypertension and diabetes which are associated with the severity of COVID-19. ARDS and ACI may be the main obstacles for patients to treatment recovery. The case severe rate and mortality is lower than that of SARS and MERS."}, {"pmid": 32371028, "pmcid": "PMC7194059", "title": "A need for prone position CPR guidance for intubated and non-intubated patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Barker, Joseph", "Koeckerling, David", "West, Raha"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371028", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299810, "title": "Covid-19: Coronavirus was first described in The BMJ in 1965.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299810", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359404, "pmcid": "PMC7251992", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the symptomatic diagnosis of cancer: the view from primary care.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["Jones, Daniel", "Neal, Richard D", "Duffy, Sean R G", "Scott, Suzanne E", "Whitaker, Katriina L", "Brain, Kate"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359404", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495916, "title": "Tocilizumab in the treatment of a critical COVID-19 patient: a case report.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Wang, L", "Peng, X", "Wang, Z-H", "Cai, J", "Zhou, F-C"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495916", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan and rapidly spread throughout China and the rest of the world. COVID-19 is currently a global pandemic. There are cytokine storms in severe COVID-19 patients. Interleukin-6 plays an important role in cytokine storm. Tocilizumab is a blocker of interleukin-6 receptor, which is likely to become an effective drug for patients with severe COVID-19. Here, we reported a case in which tocilizumab was effective for a critical COVID-19 patient."}, {"pmid": 32472899, "title": "Craniofacial Surgeons in Different Settings Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Craniofac Surg", "authors": ["Denadai, Rafael", "Lo, Lun-Jou"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472899", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320359, "title": "The Prevalence, Characteristics, and Prevention Status of Skin Injury Caused by Personal Protective Equipment Among Medical Staff in Fighting COVID-19: A Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Study.", "journal": "Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle)", "authors": ["Jiang, Qixia", "Song, Siping", "Zhou, Jihong", "Liu, Yuxiu", "Chen, Aihua", "Bai, Yuxuan", "Wang, Jing", "Jiang, Zhixia", "Zhang, Yanhong", "Liu, Haiying", "Hua, Jiao", "Guo, Jinli", "Han, Qiuying", "Tang, Yongli", "Xue, Jiayu"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320359", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To investigate the prevalence, characteristics, and preventive status of skin injuries caused by personal protective equipment (PPE) in medical staff. Approach: A cross-sectional survey was conducted online for understanding skin injuries among medical staff fighting COVID-19 in February 8-22, 2020. Participants voluntarily answered and submitted the questionnaire with cell phone. The questionnaire items included demographic data, grade of PPE and daily wearing time, skin injury types, anatomical sites, and preventive measures. Univariable analyses and logistic regression analyses were used to explore the risk factors associated with skin injuries. Results: A total of 4,308 respondents were collected from 161 hospitals and 4,306 respondents were valid. The overall prevalence of skin injuries was 42.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 41.30-44.30) with three types of device-related pressure injuries, moist-associated skin damage, and skin tear. Co-skin injuries and multiple location injuries were 27.4% and 76.8%, respectively. The logistic regression analysis indicated that sweating (95% CI for odds ratio [OR] 87.52-163.11), daily wearing time (95% CI for OR 1.61-3.21), male (95% CI for OR 1.11-2.13), and grade 3 PPE (95% CI for OR 1.08-2.01) were associated with skin injuries. Only 17.7% of respondents took prevention and 45.0% of skin injuries were treated. Innovation: This is the first cross-sectional survey to understand skin injuries in medical staff caused by PPE, which is expected to be a benchmark. Conclusion: The skin injuries among medical staff are serious, with insufficient prevention and treatment. A comprehensive program should be taken in the future."}, {"pmid": 32420937, "title": "Current laboratory diagnostics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Mattiuzzi, Camilla", "Bovo, Chiara", "Plebani, Mario"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420937", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Laboratory medicine provides an almost irreplaceable contribution to the diagnostic reasoning and managed care of most human pathologies. The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is not an exception to this paradigm. Although the relatively recent emergence does not allow to draw definitive conclusions on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) diagnostics, some standpoints can be conveyed. First and foremost, it seems now clear that we will be living together with this virus for quite a long time, so that our vigilance and responsiveness against the emergence of new local outbreaks shall be maintained at the highest possible levels. The etiological diagnosis of COVID-19 is, and will remain for the foreseeable future, deeply based on direct identification of viral RNA by means of molecular biology techniques in biological materials, especially upper and lower respiratory tract specimens. Whether other materials, such as blood, urine, stools, saliva and throat washing, will become valid alternatives has not been unequivocally defined so far. As concerns serological testing, promising information can be garnered from preliminary investigations, showing that the vast majority of COVID-19 patients seem to develop a sustained immune response against the virus, characterized especially by emergence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA, 1 to 2 weeks after the onset of fever and/or respiratory symptoms. Whether these antibodies will have persistent neutralizing activity against the virus is still to be elucidated on individual and general basis. The availability of rapid tests for detecting either viral antigens or anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are a potentially viable opportunity for purposes of epidemiologic surveillance, though more information is needed on accuracy and reliability of these portable immunoassays."}, {"pmid": 32396075, "title": "Deep Learning COVID-19 Features on CXR using Limited Training Data Sets.", "journal": "IEEE Trans Med Imaging", "authors": ["Oh, Yujin", "Park, Sangjoon", "Ye, Jong Chul"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396075", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Under the global pandemic of COVID-19, the use of artificial intelligence to analyze chest X-ray (CXR) image for COVID-19 diagnosis and patient triage is becoming important. Unfortunately, due to the emergent nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, a systematic collection of CXR data set for deep neural network training is difficult. To address this problem, here we propose a patch-based convolutional neural network approach with a relatively small number of trainable parameters for COVID-19 diagnosis. The proposed method is inspired by our statistical analysis of the potential imaging biomarkers of the CXR radiographs. Experimental results show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance and provides clinically interpretable saliency maps, which are useful for COVID-19 diagnosis and patient triage."}, {"pmid": 32297727, "title": "Calculated Decisions: Brescia-COVID Respiratory Severity Scale (BCRSS)/Algorithm.", "journal": "Emerg Med Pract", "authors": ["Duca, Andrea", "Piva, Simone", "Foca, Emanuele", "Latronico, Nicola", "Rizzi, Marco"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297727", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Brescia-COVID respiratory severity scale/algorithm is a stepwise management approach to COVID-19 patients based on clinical severity. The BCRSS was rapidly developed in Brescia, Italy, during that nation's COVID-19 crisis. The scale has not been validated or tested in other populations. The BCRSS uses patient examination features along with the need for escalating levels of respiratory support (NIV, intubation, proning) to suggest treatment recommendations. The scale simplifies the clinical summary of a patient's status, and allows clinicians to compare patients to one another and to track the trend of a patient's level of respiratory severity over time."}, {"pmid": 32325474, "title": "Changes to management of a non-pandemic illness during the COVID-19 pandemic: case study of invasive management of acute coronary syndrome.", "journal": "N Z Med J", "authors": ["Coffey, Sean", "Moynagh, Anouska", "Green, Belinda", "Edmond, John", "Wilkins, Gerard T", "Pemberton, James", "Wilkins, Ben", "Williams, Michael Ja", "Arnold, Brendan"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325474", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires significant changes to standard operating procedures for non-COVID-19 related illnesses. Balancing the benefit from standard evidence-based treatments with the risks posed by COVID-19 to patients, healthcare workers and to the population at large is difficult due to incomplete and rapidly changing information. In this article, we use management of acute coronary syndromes as a case study to show how these competing risks and benefits can be resolved, albeit incompletely. While the risks due to COVID-19 in patients with acute coronary syndromes is unclear, the benefits of standard management are well established in this condition. As an aid to decision making, we recommend systematic estimation of the risks and benefits for management of any condition where there is likely to be an increase in non-COVID-19 related mortality and morbidity due to changes in routine care."}, {"pmid": 32432682, "title": "Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19: Diagnosis and Management.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Whitcroft, Katherine Lisa", "Hummel, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432682", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32300989, "pmcid": "PMC7160054", "title": "Understanding the Impact of COVID-19 on Latino Sexual Minority Men in a US HIV Hot Spot.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Harkness, Audrey", "Behar-Zusman, Victoria", "Safren, Steven A"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300989", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426285, "pmcid": "PMC7203468", "title": "Coronavirus: Older Persons With Cancer in Italy in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Front Oncol", "authors": ["Fratino, Lucia", "Procopio, Giuseppe", "Di Maio, Massimo", "Cinieri, Saverio", "Leo, Silvana", "Beretta, Giordano"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426285", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy is the European country that was hit first and hardest by the COVID-19 epidemic. Since February 2020, the outbreak of the epidemic disease in Italy, with fatal outcomes in up to 10% of cases, made it urgent to implement extraordinary measures to avoid a breakdown of the universal Italian national health system. The update for April 1, 2020, in Italy recorded 102,669 confirmed COVID-19 cases, with a median patient age of 63 years. The deceased patients were older people (median age 80 years) and often had a cancer diagnosis (about 20%). Thus, in the extraordinary epidemiological scenario of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy, older persons in cancer treatment are at particularly high risk of being severely affected by COVID-19. These people face a health- and economics-related emergency that also carries cultural and ethical implications. In accordance with the measures adopted by the Italian government to limit viral transmission, several associations of Italian oncologists have taken action to update Elderly Cancer Care programs. In view of the newly emerging needs, we herein outline practical suggestions aimed at guaranteeing the best continuity to elderly cancer patients."}, {"pmid": 32392532, "pmcid": "PMC7145375", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak measures may indirectly lead to greater burden on hospitals.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Heckman, George A", "Saari, Margaret", "McArthur, Caitlin", "Wellens, Nathalie I H", "Hirdes, John P"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392532", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426065, "pmcid": "PMC7229725", "title": "Telemedicine in the era of COVID-19: a neurosurgical perspective.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Blue, Rachel", "Yang, Andrew I", "Zhou, Cecilia", "De Ravin, Emma", "Teng, Clare W", "Arguelles, Gabriel R", "Huang, Vincent", "Wathen, Connor", "Miranda, Stephen P", "Marcotte, Paul", "Malhotra, Neil R", "Welch, William C", "Lee, John Yk"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426065", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite the substantial growth of telemedicine and the evidence of its advantages, utilization of telemedicine in neurosurgery has been limited. Barriers have included medicolegal issues surrounding provider reimbursement, interstate licensure, and malpractice liability as well as technological challenges. Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has limited typical evaluation of patients with neurological issues and resulted in a surge in demand for virtual medical visits. Meanwhile, federal and state governments took action to facilitate the rapid implementation of telehealth programs, placing a temporary lift on medicolegal barriers that had previously limited its expansion. This created a unique opportunity for widespread telehealth use to meet the surge in demand for remote medical care. After initial hurdles and challenges, our experience with telemedicine in neurosurgery at Penn Medicine has been overall positive from both the provider and the patients' perspective. One of the unique challenges we face is guiding patients to appropriately set up devices in a way that enables an effective neuro exam. However, we argue that an accurate and comprehensive neurologic exam can be conducted through a telemedicine platform, despite minor weaknesses inherent to absence of physical presence. Additionally, certain neurosurgical visits such as post-operative checks, vascular pathology, and brain tumors inherently lend themselves to easier evaluation through telehealth visits. In the era of COVID-19 and beyond, telemedicine remains a promising and effective approach to continue neurologic patient care."}, {"pmid": 32249102, "pmcid": "PMC7102520", "title": "Recommendations and guidance for providing pharmaceutical care services during COVID-19 pandemic: A China perspective.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Zheng, Si-Qian", "Yang, Li", "Zhou, Peng-Xiang", "Li, Hui-Bo", "Liu, Fang", "Zhao, Rong-Sheng"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249102", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19), which was first detected in Wuhan City, has now became a pandemic that affecting patients around the world. Particularly, the community patient population are at high risk of infection and are facing potential failure of proper medication use during the pandemic. To discuss community pharmacists' role and the content of pharmaceutical care (PC) during the novel coronavirus pandemic to promote effective prevention and control and safe drug use of the community patient population. Collect and summarize the experience Chinese community pharmacies gained from providing pharmacy services during the COVID-19 outbreak, and taking patients' PC needs into consideration, analyze and discuss the methods and strategies that community pharmacies and pharmacists shall use to provide PC during the pandemic. Community pharmacy management teams shall support PC services by providing adequate supply of COVID-19 related medications and preventative products, following environment regulations, and providing sufficient staff trainings. Pharmacists shall use various approaches to provide PC services in drug dispensing, consulting and referrals, chronic disease management, safe use of infusions, patient education, home care guidance and psychological support to promote the COVID-19 pandemic control and ensure safe medication use of community patients during the pandemic. PC services in communities during the COVID-19 shall possess different properties due to disease characteristics and related change in patients' need. Community pharmacies shall work as a strong supporter of patient's medication and protective equipment supply. Community pharmacists shall be prepared to provide skilled and effective PC services for community patient population to ensure medication safety and promote the overall COVID-19 pandemic control."}, {"pmid": 32376774, "pmcid": "PMC7223264", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on SLE: beyond the risk of infection.", "journal": "Lupus Sci Med", "authors": ["Horisberger, Alice", "Moi, Laura", "Ribi, Camillo", "Comte, Denis"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376774", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439731, "title": "Simple, fast and affordable triaging pathway for COVID-19.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Eggleton, Elizabeth Jane"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439731", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 has caused a global pandemic. The majority of patients will experience mild disease, but others will develop a severe respiratory infection that requires hospitalisation. This is causing a significant strain on health services. Patients are presenting at emergency departments with symptoms of dyspnoea, dry cough and fever with varying severity. The appropriate triaging of patients will assist in preventing health services becoming overwhelmed during the pandemic. This is assisted through clinical assessment and various imaging and laboratory investigations, including chest X-ray, blood analysis and identification of viral infection with SARS-CoV-2. Here, a succinct triaging pathway that aims to be fast, reliable and affordable is presented. The hope is that such a pathway will assist health services in appropriately combating the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32516047, "title": "A guide to the NMC emergency standards for nurse education during the current deployment of student nurses.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Leigh, Jacqueline", "Bulpitt, Sam", "Dunn, Joanna", "Fletcher, Julie", "Heggs, Karen", "Hopley, Teresa", "Le Blanc, Carol", "Sigley, Heather"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516047", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) recognises the important contribution that nursing students are making to the national response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This article reports on the Greater Manchester Supervision and Delegation Framework, providing practical guidance for students and practice staff (practice supervisor/practice assessor and registered nurse) on how to support student nurses who have opted into a paid (deployed) healthcare role. The framework operationalises NMC emergency standards for Nursing and Midwifery education, enabling students to complete their pre-registration undergraduate or postgraduate nursing programme while also supporting the healthcare workforce (NMC, 2020)."}, {"pmid": 32353537, "pmcid": "PMC7184971", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak: Single-Center Experience in Neurosurgical and Neuroradiologic Emergency Network Tailoring.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Agosti, Edoardo", "Giorgianni, Andrea", "Pradella, Rita", "Locatelli, Davide"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353537", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505493, "title": "A Syndemic of COVID-19 and methanol poisoning in Iran: Time for Iran to consider alcohol use as a public health challenge?", "journal": "Alcohol", "authors": ["Shokoohi, Mostafa", "Nasiri, Naser", "Sharifi, Hamid", "Baral, Stefan", "Stranges, Saverio"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505493", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335560, "title": "Improving the efficacy of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine against SARS-CoV-2 may require Zinc additives - A better synergy for future COVID-19 clinical trials.", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Shittu, Mujeeb Olushola", "Afolami, Olufemi Ifeoluwa"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335560", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is now officially declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. As of now, there is no known effective pharmaceutical agent against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, several precautionary measures have been prescribed to prevent further spread of the virus, which include avoidance of social gatherings, proper handwashing, frequently disinfecting of used items and surfaces and so on. More recent studies have highlighted the possibility of treating patients infected with the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus with chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, of which mechanism of action is not completely understood. We seek to draw the attention of the scientific community to the possibility of drastically reducing the effects of the virus on the affected patients and improving clinical trials outcome through the synergistic action of zinc and chloroquine in patients suffering from the coronavirus disease."}, {"pmid": 32327922, "pmcid": "PMC7163231", "title": "The 4 D's of Pellagra and Progress.", "journal": "Int J Tryptophan Res", "authors": ["Williams, Adrian C", "Hill, Lisa J"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327922", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nicotinamide homeostasis is a candidate common denominator to explain smooth transitions, whether demographic, epidemiological or economic. This 'NAD world', dependent on hydrogen-based energy, is not widely recognised as it is neither measured nor viewed from a sufficiently multi-genomic or historical perspective. Reviewing the importance of meat and nicotinamide balances during our co-evolution, recent history suggests that populations only modernise and age well with low fertility on a suitably balanced diet. Imbalances on the low meat side lead to an excess of infectious disease, short lives and boom-bust demographics. On the high side, meat has led to an excess of degenerative, allergic and metabolic disease and low fertility. A 'Goldilocks' diet derived from mixed and sustainable farming (preserving the topsoil) allows for high intellectual capital, height and good health with controlled population growth resulting in economic growth and prosperity. Implementing meat equity worldwide could lead to progress for future generations on 'spaceship' earth by establishing control over population quality, thermostat and biodiversity, if it is not already too late."}, {"pmid": 32169834, "title": "Covid-19: Medical conferences around the world are cancelled after US cases are linked to Massachusetts meeting.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32169834", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302447, "title": "Mental health nurses locked out while Australia locks down.", "journal": "J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs", "authors": ["Lakeman, Richard"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302447", "countries": ["Australia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400017, "pmcid": "PMC7272865", "title": "COVID-19 and islet transplantation: Different twins.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Piemonti, Lorenzo", "Landoni, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400017", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "For those who work in the field of islet transplantation, the microvascular coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lung vessels obstructive thrombo-inflammatory syndrome (recently referred to as MicroCLOTS) is familiar, as one cannot fail to recognize the presence of similarities with the instant blood mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR) occurring in the liver hours and days after islet infusion. Evidence in both MicroCLOTS and IBMIR suggests the involvement of the coagulation cascade and complement system activation and proinflammatory chemokines/cytokines release. Identification and targeting of pathway(s) playing a role as \"master regulator(s)\" in the post-islet transplant detrimental inflammatory events could be potentially useful to suggest innovative COVID-19 treatments and vice versa. Scientific organizations across the world are fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. Islet transplantation, and more generally the transplantation scientific community, could contribute by suggesting strategies for innovative approaches. At the same time, in the near future, clinical trials in COVID-19 patients will produce an enormous quantity of clinical and translational data on the control of inflammation and complement/microthrombosis activation. These data will represent a legacy to be transformed into innovation in the transplant field. It will be our contribution to change a dramatic event into advancement for the transplant field and ultimately for our patients."}, {"pmid": 32307151, "pmcid": "PMC7161530", "title": "Clinical Consensus Recommendations Regarding Non-Invasive Respiratory Support in the Adult Patient with Acute Respiratory Failure Secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim", "authors": ["Cinesi Gomez, C", "Penuelas Rodriguez, O", "Lujan Torne, M L", "Egea Santaolalla, C", "Masa Jimenez, J F", "Garcia Fernandez, J", "Carratala Perales, J M", "Heili-Frades, S B", "Ferrer Monreal, M", "de Andres Nilsson, J M", "Lista Arias, E", "Sanchez Rocamora, J L", "Garrote, J I", "Zamorano Serrano, M J", "Gonzalez Martinez, M", "Farrero Munoz, E", "Mediano San Andres, O", "Rialp Cervera, G", "Mas Serra, A", "Hernandez Martinez, G", "de Haro Lopez, C", "Roca Gas, O", "Ferrer Roca, R", "Romero Berrocal, A", "Ferrando Ortola, C"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307151", "countries": ["China", "Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory tract infection caused by a newly emergent coronavirus, that was first recognized in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Currently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has defined the infection as a global pandemic and there is a health and social emergency for the management of this new infection. While most people with COVID-19 develop only mild or uncomplicated illness, approximately 14% develop severe disease that requires hospitalization and oxygen support, and 5% require admission to an intensive care unit. In severe cases, COVID-19 can be complicated by the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis and septic shock, and multiorgan failure. This consensus document has been prepared on evidence-informed guidelines developed by a multidisciplinary panel of health care providers from four Spanish scientific societies (Spanish Society of Intensive Care Medicine [SEMICYUC], Spanish Society of Pulmonologists [SEPAR], Spanish Society of Emergency [SEMES], Spanish Society of Anesthesiology, Reanimation, and Pain [SEDAR]) with experience in the clinical management of patients with COVID-19 and other viral infections, including SARS, as well as sepsis and ARDS. The document provides clinical recommendations for the noninvasive respiratory support (noninvasive ventilation, high flow oxygen therapy with nasal cannula) in any patient with suspected or confirmed presentation of COVID-19 with acute respiratory failure. This consensus guidance should serve as a foundation for optimized supportive care to ensure the best possible chance for survival and to allow for reliable comparison of investigational therapeutic interventions as part of randomized controlled trials."}, {"pmid": 32528209, "pmcid": "PMC7267801", "title": "SARS-Cov-2 and environmental protection: A collective psychology agenda for environmental psychology research.", "journal": "J Environ Psychol", "authors": ["Reese, Gerhard", "Hamann, Karen R S", "Heidbreder, Lea M", "Loy, Laura S", "Menzel, Claudia", "Neubert, Sebastian", "Troger, Josephine", "Wullenkord, Marlis C"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528209", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the virus SARS-CoV-2 spreads all over the world, most countries have taken severe measures to protect their citizens and slow down the further spread of the disease COVID-19. These measures affect individuals, communities, cities, countries, and the entire planet. In this paper, we propose that the tremendous consequences of the corona crisis invite environmental psychology to focus more strongly on research questions that address major societal challenges from a collective psychology perspective. In particular, we stress that the corona crisis may affect how people appraise - and potentially respond to - the looming climate crisis. By consistently pointing out systemic links and their human factor, environmental psychology can become central to a scientific agenda of a sustainable 'post-corona society'. In order to provide a framework for future research towards a sustainable societal transformation, we build on the Social Identity Model of Pro-Environmental Action (SIMPEA) and extend its scope to understand people's responses following the corona crisis. The model allows predictions of previously not explicitly included concepts of place attachment, nature connectedness, basic psychological needs, and systems thinking. It may serve as a guiding framework for a better understanding of the transformation towards a sustainable future."}, {"pmid": 32324899, "pmcid": "PMC7264735", "title": "Operational protocol for donation of anti-COVID-19 convalescent plasma in Italy.", "journal": "Vox Sang", "authors": ["Franchini, Massimo", "Marano, Giuseppe", "Velati, Claudio", "Pati, Ilaria", "Pupella, Simonetta", "Maria Liumbruno, Giancarlo"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324899", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333431, "pmcid": "PMC7267409", "title": "The role of extracorporeal life support for patients with COVID-19: Preliminary results from a statewide experience.", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Sultan, Ibrahim", "Habertheuer, Andreas", "Usman, Asad A", "Kilic, Arman", "Gnall, Eric", "Friscia, Michael E", "Zubkus, Dmitriy", "Hirose, Hitoshi", "Sanchez, Pablo", "Okusanya, Olugbenga", "Szeto, Wilson Y", "Gutsche, Jacob"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333431", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is a paucity of clinical data on critically ill patients with COVID-19 requiring extracorporeal life support. A statewide multi-institutional collaborative for COVID-19 patients was utilized to obtain clinical data on the first 10 critically ill COVID-19 patients who required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Of the first 10 patients that required ECMO for COVID-19, the age ranged from 31 to 62 years with the majority (70%) being men. Seven (70%) had comorbidities. The majority (80%) of patients had known sick contact and exposure to COVID-19 positive patients or traveled to pandemic areas inside the United States within the 2 weeks before symptom onset. None of the patients were healthcare workers. The most common symptoms leading to the presentation were high fever \u2265103\u00b0F (90%), cough (80%) and dyspnea (70%), followed by fatigue and gastrointestinal symptoms (both 30%), myalgia, loss of taste, pleuritic chest pain, and confusion (all 10%). All patients had bilateral infiltrates on chest X-rays suggestive of interstitial viral pneumonia. All patients were cannulated in the venovenous configuration. Two (20%) patients were successfully liberated from ECMO support after 7 and 10 days, respectively, and one (10%) patient is currently on a weaning course. One patient (10%) died after 9 days on ECMO from multiorgan dysfunction. These preliminary multi-institutional data from a statewide collaborative offer insight into the clinical characteristics of the first 10 patients requiring ECMO for COVID-19 and their initial clinical course. Greater morbidity and mortality is likely to be seen in these critically ill patients with longer follow-up."}, {"pmid": 32395788, "title": "Features of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus admitted in a pneumology department: The first retrospective Tunisian case series.", "journal": "Tunis Med", "authors": ["Louhaichi, Sabrine", "Allouche, Asma", "Baili, Hassene", "Jrad, Sonia", "Radhouani, Alaeddine", "Greb, Dorra", "Akrout, Ines", "Ammar, Jamel", "Hamdi, Basma", "Added, Faouzi", "Hantous, Sawssan", "Hamzaoui, Agnes"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395788", "countries": ["Tunisia"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 2 March 2020, Tunisia has reported the first confirmed case of COVID-19. Since then, the disease has affected about 700 persons in the country. The purpose of our study was to report epidemiological, clinical, radiological and therapeutic features of patients with 2019-nCoV infection admitted in the pneumology department. We extracted the data of the consequetive 20 patients managed in the department of pneumology B at Abderrahmen Mami hospital, from March, 26 to April, 8, 2020. The median age was 61 years old [41-85]. There were 9 men and 11 women.\u00a0 Underlying disorders were observed in 16 patients (80%). Five patients were health care workers. Three patients did not have any known exposure. Common symptoms included fever (100%), shortness of breath (70%) and cough (70%). Computed tomography scans showed bilateral ground glass opacities in 7/9 cases. Fifteen patients received both chloroquine and azithromycin. Fourteen patients (70%) were discharged before April, 8, 2020. Reported complications were: hypokalemia (3 cases), pulmonary embolism (2 cases) and QT prolongation (1 case). One patient died from acute cardiac injury. Knowing the different aspects of moderate and severe forms of the disease can contribute to advance in infection control strategies."}, {"pmid": 32513520, "title": "COVID-19: A Call for Action, Collaboration, Reason, and Unity.", "journal": "Eur Urol Focus", "authors": ["Gaisa, Michael"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513520", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31992886, "title": "This scientist hopes to test coronavirus drugs on animals in locked-down Wuhan.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Cyranoski, David"], "date": "2020-01-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31992886", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32331788, "pmcid": "PMC7158788", "title": "Case-finding: Fast, Available, and Efficient Font-line Diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Rahimi, Farid", "Talebi Bezmin Abadi, Amin"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331788", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332515, "pmcid": "PMC7199774", "title": "Hunting coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV): from laboratory testing back to basic research.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Yang, De-Ming", "Chang, Tai-Jay", "Wang, Mong-Lien", "Tsai, Ping-Hsing", "Lin, Ta-Hsien", "Wang, Chin-Tien", "Liang, Kung-Hao"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332515", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid spread of coronavirus disease COVID-19 in many countries causes citizens of daily inconvenience, and even life-threat for elderly population. The invasion of the main pathogen, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; 2019-nCov), into human body causes different levels of impact to various patients. One of the most important issues for COVID-19 is how to defend this virus with the ability to foresee the infected targets. Thus, we maintain the quarantined essentially as for as others saved from COVID-19. So far, the routine laboratory test to confirm whether infected by SARS-CoV-2/2019-nCov or not is through rRT-PCR (qPCR) with certain sequence regions that recognize SARS-CoV-2/2019-nCoV RNA genome. The heavy loading of rRT-PCR (qPCR) machine and handling labor have tight-packed the instruments as well as the man power almost in every country. Therefore, the alternative approaches are eagerly waiting to be developed. In this review article, we sort out some state-of-the-art novel approaches that might be applied for a fast, sensitive and precise detection of SARS-CoV-2/2019-nCov not only to help the routine laboratory testing but also to improve effective quarantine."}, {"pmid": 32381426, "pmcid": "PMC7183971", "title": "Nosocomial infection with SARS-Cov-2 within Departments of Digestive Surgery.", "journal": "J Visc Surg", "authors": ["Luong-Nguyen, M", "Hermand, H", "Abdalla, S", "Cabrit, N", "Hobeika, C", "Brouquet, A", "Goere, D", "Sauvanet, A"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381426", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic imposed a drastic reduction in surgical activity in order to respond to the influx of hospital patients and to protect uninfected patients by avoiding hospitalization. However, little is known about the risk of infection during hospitalization or its consequences. The aim of this work was to report a series of patients hospitalized on digestive surgery services who developed a nosocomial infection with SARS-Cov-2 virus. This is a non-interventional retrospective study carried out within three departments of digestive surgery. The clinical, biological and radiological data of the patients who developed a nosocomial infection with SARS-Cov-2 were collected from the computerized medical record. From March 1, 2020 to April 5, 2020, among 305\u00a0patients admitted to digestive surgery departments, 15 (4.9%) developed evident nosocomial infection with SARS-Cov-2. There were nine men and six women, with a median age of 62\u00a0years (35-68 years). All patients had co-morbidities. The reasons for hospitalization were: surgical treatment of cancer (n=5), complex emergencies (n=5), treatment of complications linked to cancer or its treatment (n=3), gastroplasty (n=1), and stoma closure (n=1). The median time from admission to diagnosis of SARS-Cov-2 infection was 34 days (5-61 days). In 12 patients (80%), the diagnosis was made after a hospital stay of more than 14 days (15-63 days). At the end of the follow-up, two patients had died, seven were still hospitalized with two of them on respiratory assistance, and six patients were discharged post-hospitalization. The risk of SARS-Cov-2 infection during hospitalization or following digestive surgery is a real and potentially serious risk. Measures are necessary to minimize this risk in order to return to safe surgical activity."}, {"pmid": 32434789, "pmcid": "PMC7246106", "title": "Diffuse pneumonitis from coronavirus HKU1 on checkpoint inhibitor therapy.", "journal": "J Immunother Cancer", "authors": ["Serzan, Michael T", "Kumar, Princy N", "Atkins, Michael B"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434789", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can produce specific immune-related adverse events including pneumonitis. The impact of ICI therapy on the severity of acute coronavirus infection symptomatology warrants further exploration. We report a 65-year-old man diagnosed with stage IV melanoma who developed pulmonary and brain metastases and was treated with bilateral craniotomies followed by combined nivolumab and ipilimumab immunotherapy. He developed early-onset severe dyspnea associated with acute coronavirus HKU1 (non-COVID-19) infection, with diffuse pneumonitis evidenced by ground glass opacification on CT scan. He was treated with steroids leading to resolution of pneumonitis on repeat imaging, suggesting an exacerbated immune-mediated toxicity. We report the first case of a patient with melanoma with severe and reversible diffuse pneumonitis in association with coronavirus HKU1 following combined nivolumab and ipilimumab immunotherapy. Although we do not have data on the impact of ICI therapy on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) symptomatology, a possible interaction should be considered when deciding on dosing in patients with possible SARS-CoV-2 exposure or when evaluating patients with presumed ICI-related pneumonitis during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32472773, "pmcid": "PMC7273951", "title": "A COVID-19 Conundrum: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV).", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472773", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The challenges imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic become amplified in the setting of non-intubated patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Unlike the closed system that characterizes an intubated patient attached to a respiratory circuit, non-invasive ventilatory support threatens an increased risk of permeating the clinical workspace with airborne viral particles. Patients with sleep apnea may mandatorily require non-invasive ventilation strategies to see them through a respiratory illness. In this infographic, the considerations and general principles of managing non-invasive ventilation in such a scenario are outlined. The reader is encouraged to review the article in its entirety for a full depth of understanding."}, {"pmid": 32407644, "title": "Health inequalities: the hidden cost of COVID-19 in NHS hospital trusts?", "journal": "J R Soc Med", "authors": ["Coronini-Cronberg, Sophie", "John Maile, Edward", "Majeed, Azeem"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407644", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321720, "title": "Coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID).", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Giollo, Alessandro", "Adami, Giovanni", "Gatti, Davide", "Idolazzi, Luca", "Rossini, Maurizio"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321720", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491194, "title": "Colorectal cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Tutton, M G"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491194", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388935, "title": "[Interim Guidelines for Prevention and Control of COVID-19 for Students Back to School].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388935", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515365, "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Salahuddin, Naseem"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515365", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32323382, "pmcid": "PMC7264655", "title": "Priority plan for invasive cardiac electrophysiology procedures during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol", "authors": ["Wang, Norman C", "Jain, Sandeep K", "Estes, N A Mark 3rd", "Barrington, William W", "Bazaz, Raveen", "Bhonsale, Aditya", "Kancharla, Krishna", "Shalaby, Alaa A", "Voigt, Andrew H", "Saba, Samir"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323382", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283980, "title": "Clinical Presentation of COVID-19: A Systematic Review Focusing on Upper Airway Symptoms.", "journal": "Ear Nose Throat J", "authors": ["Lovato, Andrea", "de Filippis, Cosimo"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283980", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pharyngodynia, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, smell, and taste dysfunctions could be the presenting symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The aim was to perform a systematic review of current evidences on clinical presentation of COVID-19, focusing on upper airway symptoms in order to help otolaryngologists identifying suspected cases. We searched PubMed and Web of Science electronic databases. We included 5 retrospective clinical studies for a total of 1556 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, 57.5% were male and mean age was 49.1 years. Pooled data revealed that pharyngodynia was present in 12.4% of patients, nasal congestion in 3.7%, and rhinorrhea was rare. No reports on COVID-19 and olfactory/gustative disorders matched inclusion criteria but preliminary evidences suggested they could be present. Common symptoms were fever (85.6%), cough (68.7%), and fatigue (39.4%). Frequent comorbidities were hypertension (17.4%), diabetes (3.8%), and coronary heart disease (3.8%); 83% of patients had alterations on chest computed tomography that were bilateral in 89.5% of cases. Ground-glass opacity was the most common finding (50%). Lymphopenia (77.2%) and leucopenia (30.1%) were common. Critical cases with complications were 9%, intensive care unit admission was required in 7.3%, invasive ventilation in 3.4%, and mortality was 2.4%. Otolaryngologists should know that pharyngodynia, nasal congestion, olfactory, and gustative disorders could be the presenting symptoms of COVID-19. Clinical presentation together with radiological and laboratory findings could help to identify suspected cases."}, {"pmid": 32334086, "pmcid": "PMC7194668", "title": "Travel rush during Chinese Spring Festival and the 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chen, Juan", "Feng, Zhan-Hui", "Ye, Lan", "Cheng, Yong-Ran", "Zhou, Meng-Yun", "Li, Yafei", "Du, Chong", "Wang, Liansheng", "Wang, Ming-Wei"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334086", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342138, "pmcid": "PMC7184806", "title": "COVID-19 coronavirus: recommended personal protective equipment for the orthopaedic and trauma surgeon.", "journal": "Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc", "authors": ["Hirschmann, Michael T", "Hart, Alister", "Henckel, Johann", "Sadoghi, Patrick", "Seil, Romain", "Mouton, Caroline"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342138", "countries": ["Germany", "Switzerland", "Austria", "Luxembourg", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the COVID-19 crisis, recommendations for personal protective equipment (PPE) are necessary for protection in orthopaedics and traumatology. The primary purpose of this study is to review and present current evidence and recommendations for personal protective equipment and safety recommendations for orthopaedic surgeons and trauma surgeons. A systematic review of the available literature was performed using the keyword terms \"COVID-19\", \"Coronavirus\", \"surgeon\", \"health-care workers\", \"protection\", \"masks\", \"gloves\", \"gowns\", \"helmets\", and \"aerosol\" in several combinations. The following databases were assessed: Pubmed, Cochrane Reviews, Google Scholar. Due to the paucity of available data, it was decided to present it in a narrative manner. In addition, participating doctors were asked to provide their guidelines for PPE in their countries (Austria, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Germany, UK) for consideration in the presented practice recommendations. World Health Organization guidance for respiratory aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) such as intubation in a COVID19 environment was clear and included the use of an FFP3 (filtering face piece level 3) mask and face protection. However, the recommendation for surgical AGPs, such as the use of high-speed power tools in the operating theatre, was not clear until the UK Public Health England (PHE) guidance of 27 March 2020. This guidance included FFP3 masks and face protection, which UK surgeons quickly adopted. The recommended PPE for orthopaedic surgeons, working in a COVID19 environment, should consist of level 4 surgical gowns, face shields or goggles, double gloves, FFP2-3 or N95-99 respirator masks. An alternative to the mask, face shield and goggles is a powered air-purifying respirator, particularly if the surgeons fail the mask fit test or are required to undertake a long procedure. However, there is a high cost and limited availabilty of these devices at present. Currently available surgical helmets and toga systems may not be the solution due to a permeable top for air intake. During the current COVID-19 crisis, it appeared that telemedicine can be considered as an electronic personal protective equipment by reducing the number of physical contacts and risk contamination. Orthopaedic and trauma surgery using power tools, pulsatile lavage and electrocautery are surgical aerosol-generating procedures and all body fluids contain virus particles. Raising awareness of these issues will help avoid occupational transmission of COVID-19 to the surgical team by aerosolization of blood or other body fluids and hence adequate PPE should be available and used during orthopaedic surgery. In addition, efforts have to be made to improve the current evidence in this regard. IV."}, {"pmid": 32406526, "pmcid": "PMC7272840", "title": "COVID-19 and access to labour epidural analgesia in UK hospitals.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Bamber, J H", "Lucas, D N"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406526", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294817, "title": "[What we learned from SARS may provide important insights into understanding and management of coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Liu, Y J", "Yang, Y L", "Xu, Y"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294817", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global threat. But the pathogenesis and treatment of the disease are not clear yet. Virological researches revealed close relationship between 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV. The experience and knowledge we gained from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), especially with regard to the time course of viral replication, host immune response and clinical progression of the patient, may provide important insights into understanding and management of COVID-19. Clinical deterioration accompanied by decreasing viral load in the second week after symptom onset was noted both in SARS and COVID-19, suggesting that the lung damage at this phase is more related to excessive host immune response rather than uncontrolled viral replication."}, {"pmid": 32495118, "pmcid": "PMC7268962", "title": "COVID-19 Outbreaks at Correctional Facilities Demand a Health Equity Approach to Criminal Justice Reform.", "journal": "J Urban Health", "authors": ["Alohan, Daniel", "Calvo, Michele"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495118", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32248855, "pmcid": "PMC7163189", "title": "Core principles for infection prevention in hemodialysis centers during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Chen, Gang", "Zhou, Yangzhong", "Zhang, Lei", "Wang, Ying", "Hu, Rong-Rong", "Zhao, Xue", "Song, Dan", "Xia, Jing-Hua", "Qin, Yan", "Chen, Li-Meng", "Li, Xue-Mei"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32248855", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32024636, "title": "Novel coronavirus: Australian GPs raise concerns about shortage of face masks.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-02-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32024636", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353440, "pmcid": "PMC7185911", "title": "Adult Cardiac Surgery and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Aggressive Infection Mitigation Strategies are Necessary in the Operating Room and Surgical Recovery.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Engelman, Daniel T", "Lother, Sylvain", "George, Isaac", "Funk, Duane J", "Ailawadi, Gorav", "Atluri, Pavan", "Grant, Michael C", "Haft, Jonathan W", "Hassan, Ansar", "Legare, Jean-Francois", "Whitman, Glenn", "Arora, Rakesh C"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353440", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic necessitates aggressive infection mitigation strategies to reduce the risk to patients and healthcare providers. This document is intended to provide a framework for the adult cardiac surgeon to consider in this rapidly changing environment. Pre, intra, and post-operative detailed protective measures are outlined. These are guidance recommendations during a pandemic surge to be utilized for ALL patients while local COVID-19 disease burden remains elevated."}, {"pmid": 32304508, "pmcid": "PMC7199767", "title": "Where to buy face masks? Survey of applications using Taiwan's open data in the time of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Yuan, Eunice J", "Hsu, Chia-An", "Lee, Wui-Chiang", "Chen, Tzeng-Ji", "Chou, Li-Fang", "Hwang, Shinn-Jang"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304508", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had spread rapidly since late December 2019. Personal protective equipment was essential to prevent transmission. Owing to shortage of face masks, Taiwan government began to implement quasi rationing on February 6, 2020, by allowing each resident to purchase two masks in seven days. Taiwan National Health Insurance Administration offered online data with real-time updates on face mask availability in all contracted pharmacies and selected local health centers. Based on the open data, numerous software applications quickly emerged to assist the public in finding sales locations efficiently. Up until March 15, 2020, the Public Digital Innovation Space of Taiwan government had recorded 134 software applications of face mask availability, and 24 software applications were excluded due to defect, duplicate, and unavailability. These applications were analyzed according to platform, developer type, and display mode. Of the 110 valid software applications, 67 (60.9%) applications were deployed on websites, followed by 21 (19.1%) on social networking sites, 19 (17.3%) as mobile applications, and 3 (2.7%) in other modes. Nearly two thirds (n = 70) of applications were developed by individuals, one third (n = 37) by commercial companies, only two applications by central and local governments, and one by a nongovernmental organization. With respect to the display mode, 47 (42.7%) applications adopted map-view only, 41 (37.3%) adopted table-view only, and 19 (17.3%) adopted both modes. Of the remaining three applications, two offered voice user interfaces and one used augmented reality. Taiwan's open data strategy facilitated rapid development of software applications for information dissemination to the public during the COVID-19 crisis. The transparency of real-time data could help alleviate the panic of the public. The collaborative contributions from the grassroots in disasters were priceless treasures."}, {"pmid": 32416536, "pmcid": "PMC7215151", "title": "Critical review of social, environmental and health risk factors in the Mexican indigenous population and their capacity to respond to the COVID-19.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Diaz de Leon-Martinez, Lorena", "de la Sierra-de la Vega, Luz", "Palacios-Ramirez, Andres", "Rodriguez-Aguilar, Maribel", "Flores-Ramirez, Rogelio"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416536", "countries": ["Mexico"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The objective of this study was to conduct a critical analysis of the social, environmental and health risk factors in the Mexican indigenous population in the context of the COVID-19 disease pandemic, and to propose strategies to mitigate the impacts on these communities. Regarding social factors, we identified the return of indigenous people to their communities, poor access to water, language barriers, and limited access to the Internet, as factors that will not allow them to take the minimum preventive measures against the disease. Additionally, environmental risk factors associated with pollutants from biomass burning were identified. In health, the lack of coverage in these areas and comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, respiratory tract infections, and chronic pulmonary diseases were identified. Some existing government programmes were identified that could be supported to address these social, environmental and health gaps. We believe that the best way to address these issues is to strengthen the health system with a community-based approach. Health is the best element of cohesion for inserting development and progress proposals in indigenous communities, given the vulnerability to which they are exposed in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this review, all information is provided (as possible) on risk factors and potential solutions in indigenous communities in the hope of providing solutions to this pandemic and providing a reference for future studies."}, {"pmid": 32432162, "pmcid": "PMC7236913", "title": "Pharmaco-invasive Therapy for STEMI in a Patient with COVID-19: A Case Report.", "journal": "Am J Med Case Rep", "authors": ["Kariyanna, Pramod Theetha", "Hossain, Naseem", "Jayarangaiah, Apoorva", "Hossain, Nimrah A", "Francois, Jonathan Christopher", "Marmur, Jonathan D", "Salifu, Moro O", "McFarlane, Samy I"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432162", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic that started in the Wuhan province of China in December 2019. It is associated with increased morbidity and mortality mainly due to severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-Cov-2). Cardiac manifestations related to COVID-19 include demand ischemia, fulminant myocarditis, myocardial infarction and arrhythmias. In this report, we present a case of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in a 68-year-old man with COVID-19 who initially presented with chest pain and shortness of breath. Patient's STEMI was managed with pharmaco-invasive strategy with tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). He then developed acute hypoxic respiratory failure that was managed in the intensive care unit (ICU), together with multi-organ failure from which the patient died 2 days after presentation. Although the pathophysiologic mechanisms of STEMI in COVID-19 patients has not been clearly established, we hypothesize that interrelated pathogenetic factors, that we highlight in this report, can play a role in the development of STEMI, including plaque rupture secondary to systemic inflammation, increased pro-coagulants, endothelial dysfunction, impaired fibrinolysis and impaired oxygen utilization leading to demand/supply mismatch and myocardial ischemia."}, {"pmid": 32366375, "title": "Management of respiratory failure due to covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wilcox, Susan R"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366375", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292804, "pmcid": "PMC7147210", "title": "Effects of COVID 19 pandemic in daily life.", "journal": "Curr Med Res Pract", "authors": ["Haleem, Abid", "Javaid, Mohd", "Vaishya, Raju"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292804", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366817, "pmcid": "PMC7198537", "title": "A human monoclonal antibody blocking SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Nat Commun", "authors": ["Wang, Chunyan", "Li, Wentao", "Drabek, Dubravka", "Okba, Nisreen M A", "van Haperen, Rien", "Osterhaus, Albert D M E", "van Kuppeveld, Frank J M", "Haagmans, Bart L", "Grosveld, Frank", "Bosch, Berend-Jan"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366817", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the novel human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China has caused a worldwide epidemic of respiratory disease (COVID-19). Vaccines and targeted therapeutics for treatment of this disease are currently lacking. Here we report a human monoclonal antibody that neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 (and SARS-CoV) in cell culture. This cross-neutralizing antibody targets a communal epitope on these viruses and may offer potential for prevention and treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32385100, "title": "Rapid COVID-19 vaccine development.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Graham, Barney S"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385100", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342879, "pmcid": "PMC7195260", "title": "COVID-19 and radiation induced pneumonitis: Overlapping clinical features of different diseases.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Ippolito, Edy", "Fiore, Michele", "Greco, Carlo", "D'Angelillo, Rolando Maria", "Ramella, Sara"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342879", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457556, "pmcid": "PMC7241379", "title": "The impact of Covid-19 pandemic on corporate social responsibility and marketing philosophy.", "journal": "J Bus Res", "authors": ["He, Hongwei", "Harris, Lloyd"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457556", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this article, we offer some initial examination on how Covid-19 pandemic can influence the developments of CSR and marketing. We argue that Covid-19 pandemic offers a great opportunity for businesses to shift towards more genuine and authentic CSR and contribute to address urgent global social and environmental challenges. We also discuss some potential directions of how consumer ethical decision making will be shifted to due to the pandemic. In our discussion of marketing, we outline how we believe marketing is being affected by this pandemic and how we think this will change, not only the context of marketing, but how organizations approach their strategic marketing efforts. We end the paper with a identifying a number of potentially fruitful research themes and directions."}, {"pmid": 32405279, "pmcid": "PMC7217763", "title": "The Argentine Society of Laparoscopic Surgery letter on COVID-19.", "journal": "J Minim Invasive Gynecol", "authors": ["Quaranta, Matilde", "Dionisi, Humberto", "Bonin, Monica", "Cano, M Laura Echavarria"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405279", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374942, "pmcid": "PMC7267183", "title": "Rapid implementation of an evidence-based remote triaging system for assessment of suspected referrals and patients with head and neck cancer on follow-up after treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic: Model for international collaboration.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Paleri, Vinidh", "Hardman, John", "Tikka, Theofano", "Bradley, Paula", "Pracy, Paul", "Kerawala, Cyrus"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374942", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Outpatient telemedicine consultations are being adopted to triage patients for head and neck cancer. However, there is currently no established structure to frame this consultation. For suspected referrals with cancer, we adapted the Head and Neck Cancer Risk Calculator (HaNC-RC)-V.2, generated from 10\u2009244 referrals with the following diagnostic efficacy metrics: 85% sensitivity, 98.6% negative predictive value, and area under the curve of 0.89. For follow-up patients, a symptom inventory generated from 5123 follow-up consultations was used. A customized Excel Data Tool was created, trialed across professional groups and made freely available for download at www.entintegrate.co.uk/entuk2wwtt, alongside a user guide, protocol, and registration link for the project. Stakeholder support was obtained from national bodies. No remote consultations were refused by patients. Preliminary data from 511 triaging episodes at 13 centers show that 77.1% of patients were discharged directly or have had their appointments deferred. Significant reduction in footfall can be achieved using a structured triaging system. Further refinement of HaNC-RC-V.2 is feasible and the authors welcome international collaboration."}, {"pmid": 32450761, "title": "Safety and Prognosis in Percutaneous vs Surgical Tracheostomy in 27 Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Riestra-Ayora, Juan", "Yanes-Diaz, Joaquin", "Penuelas, Oscar", "Molina-Quiros, Cristina", "Sanz-Fernandez, Ricardo", "Martin-Sanz, Eduardo"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450761", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, patients in intensive care units who are undergoing long-term intubation may require tracheostomy. There is controversy about indication and health care professionals' safety regarding the conventional or percutaneous technique.\u2009We performed a prospective analysis\u2009of a series of 27 consecutive patients\u2009with COVID-19 comparing both tracheostomy techniques, safety, and prognosis clinical markers.\u2009The results show that the techniques are equally safe, without cases of infection in surgeons. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score before surgery and the progression in ventilation support during the first 72 hours after tracheostomy are optimal prognostic markers for these patients."}, {"pmid": 32527714, "title": "Differential Diagnosis and Clinical Management of a Case of COVID-19 in a Patient With Stage III Lung Cancer Treated With Radio-chemotherapy and Durvalumab.", "journal": "Clin Lung Cancer", "authors": ["Guerini, Andrea Emanuele", "Borghetti, Paolo", "Filippi, Andrea Riccardo", "Bonu, Marco Lorenzo", "Tomasini, Davide", "Greco, Diana", "Imbrescia, Jessica", "Volpi, Giulia", "Triggiani, Luca", "Borghesi, Andrea", "Maroldi, Roberto", "Pasinetti, Nadia", "Buglione, Michela", "Magrini, Stefano Maria"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527714", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345529, "pmcid": "PMC7141443", "title": "Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation - Crucial Considerations during the Coronavirus Crisis.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Augoustides, John G"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345529", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404632, "title": "Emergency laparoscopic surgery during COVID-19: what can we do and how to do it safely.", "journal": "J Trauma Acute Care Surg", "authors": ["Amore Bonapasta, Stefano", "Santoni, Simone", "Cisano, Claudio"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404632", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296808, "title": "Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Respiratory Failure During Respiratory Epidemics and Pandemics: A Narrative Review.", "journal": "Ann Acad Med Singapore", "authors": ["Lim, Joel Kian Boon", "Qadri, Syeda Kashfi", "Toh, Theresa Shu Wen", "Lin, Cheryl Bin", "Mok, Yee Hui", "Lee, Jan Hau"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296808", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Epidemics and pandemics from zoonotic respiratory viruses, such as the 2019 novel coronavirus, can lead to significant global intensive care burden as patients progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A subset of these patients developed refractory hypoxaemia despite maximal conventional mechanical ventilation and required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). This review focuses on considerations for ventilatory strategies, infection control and patient selection related to ECMO for ARDS in a pandemic. We also summarise the experiences with ECMO in previous respiratory pandemics. A review of pertinent studies was conducted via a search using MEDLINE, EMBASE and Google Scholar. References of articles were also examined to identify other relevant publications. Since the H1N1 Influenza pandemic in 2009, the use of ECMO for ARDS continues to grow despite limitations in evidence for survival benefit. There is emerging evidence to suggest that lung protective ventilation for ARDS can be further optimised while receiving ECMO so as to minimise ventilator-induced lung injury and subsequent contributions to multi-organ failure. Efforts to improve outcomes should also encompass appropriate infection control measures to reduce co-infections and prevent nosocomial transmission of novel respiratory viruses. Patient selection for ECMO in a pandemic can be challenging. We discuss important ethical considerations and predictive scoring systems that may assist clinical decision-making to optimise resource allocation. The role of ECMO in managing ARDS during respiratory pandemics continues to grow. This is supported by efforts to redefine optimal ventilatory strategies, reinforce infection control measures and enhance patient selection."}, {"pmid": 32492206, "title": "Understanding the possible origin and genotyping of first Bangladeshi SARS-CoV-2 strain.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Ul Alam, A S M Rubayet", "Rafiul Islam, M", "Shaminur Rahman, M", "Islam, Ovinu Kibria", "Anwar Hossain, M"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492206", "countries": ["United Kingdom", "Bangladesh"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, causes the unfathomable pandemic in the history of humankind. Bangladesh is also a victim of this critical situation. To investigate the genomic features of the pathogen, the first complete genome of the virus has very recently been published. Therefore, the long awaiting questions regarding the possible origin and typing of the strain(s) can now be answered. Here, we endeavor to mainly discuss the published reports or online-accessed data (results) regarding those issues and presented a comprehensive picture of the typing of the virus alongside the probable origin of the sub-clade containing Bangladeshi strain. Our observation suggested that this strain might have originated from the United Kingdom (UK) or other European countries epidemiologically linked to the UK. According to different genotyping classification schemes, this strain belongs to A2a clade under G major clade, is of B and/or L type, and is a SARS-CoV-2a sub-strain. In the forwarding days, randomized genome data will certainly voluminate in Bangladesh, however because of globalization and immigrant movements, we urgently need a mass regional sequencing approach targeting the partial or complete genome that can link the epidemiological data and may help in further clinical interventions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32528613, "pmcid": "PMC7266479", "title": "Public trust in the time of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): the case of the DR Congo.", "journal": "Pan Afr Med J", "authors": ["Whembolua, Guy-Lucien", "Tshiswaka, Daudet Ilunga"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528613", "countries": ["Congo"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Over the past half century, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), a low-income and post-conflict country, has experienced several Ebola Virus Disease outbreaks, with different fatality rates. The DRC is currently experiencing the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Using the PEN-3 cultural model, we assessed the socio-cultural factors affecting public trust in the government and its health agencies. Results of this analysis revealed the perceptions, enablers, and nurturers that impacted public trust in the government and its health agencies among the Congolese population. Future interventions designed to address the COVID-19 in the DRC should account for these socio-cultural factors."}, {"pmid": 32449021, "pmcid": "PMC7245639", "title": "New onset of loss of smell or taste in household contacts of home-isolated SARS-CoV-2-positive subjects.", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Boscolo-Rizzo, Paolo", "Borsetto, Daniele", "Spinato, Giacomo", "Fabbris, Cristoforo", "Menegaldo, Anna", "Gaudioso, Piergiorgio", "Nicolai, Piero", "Tirelli, Giancarlo", "Da Mosto, Maria Cristina", "Rigoli, Roberto", "Polesel, Jerry", "Hopkins, Claire"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449021", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To estimate the prevalence of smell or taste impairment in household contacts of mildly symptomatic home-isolated SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. Cross-sectional study based on ad hoc questions. Of 214 mildly symptomatic COVID-19 patients managed at home under self-isolation, 179 reported to have at least one household contact, with the total number of no study participants contacts being 296. Among 175 household contacts not tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection, 67 (38.3%) had SARS-CoV-2 compatible symptoms, 39 (22.3%) had loss of smell or taste with 7 (4.0%) having loss of smell or taste in the absence of other symptoms. The prevalence of smell or taste impairment was 1.5% in patients tested negative compared to 63.0% of those tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (p\u2009<\u20090.001). Smell or taste impairment are quite common in not-tested household contacts of mildly symptomatic home-isolated SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. This should be taken into account when estimating the burden of loss of sense of smell and taste during COVID-19 pandemic, and further highlights the value of loss of sense of smell and taste as a marker of infection."}, {"pmid": 32208494, "title": "COVID-19: decision making and palliative care.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Borasio, Gian Domenico", "Gamondi, Claudia", "Obrist, Monika", "Jox, Ralf", "For The Covid-Task Force Of Palliative Ch"], "date": "2020-03-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32208494", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the current development around the COVID-19 pandemic, palliative ch has created a Task Force to provide recommendations for health professionals on the treatment of palliative care patients in the various settings \u2012 inpatient and outpatient."}, {"pmid": 32351657, "pmcid": "PMC7188660", "title": "Arterial and venous abdominal thrombosis in a 79-year-old woman with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Radiol Case Rep", "authors": ["de Barry, Olivier", "Mekki, Ahmed", "Diffre, Caroline", "Seror, Martin", "Hajjam, Mostafa El", "Carlier, Robert-Yves"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32351657", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As coronavirus pandemic continue to spread over the world, we have to be aware of potential complications on hospitalized patients. We report a case of a 79-year-old woman with COVID-19 pneumonia complicated by combined arterial and venous thrombosis of upper mesenteric vessels. As unenhanced chest-CT scan plays a key-role in managing the COVID-19 pandemic we should pay attention to indirect signs of thrombosis."}, {"pmid": 32240770, "pmcid": "PMC7128345", "title": "Maximizing the Calm before the Storm: Tiered Surgical Response Plan for Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Ross, Samuel Wade", "Lauer, Cynthia W", "Miles, William S", "Green, John M", "Christmas, A Britton", "May, Addison K", "Matthews, Brent D"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240770", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was first diagnosed in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has now spread throughout the world, being verified by the World Health Organization as a pandemic on March 11. This had led to the calling of a national emergency on March 13 in the US. Many hospitals, healthcare networks, and specifically, departments of surgery, are asking the same questions about how to cope and plan for surge capacity, personnel attrition, novel infrastructure utilization, and resource exhaustion. Herein, we present a tiered plan for surgical department planning based on incident\u00a0command levels. This includes acute care surgeon deployment (given their critical care training and vertically integrated position in the hospital), recommended infrastructure and transfer utilization, triage principles, and faculty, resident, and advanced care practitioner deployment."}, {"pmid": 32500589, "title": "Superficial thrombophlebitis in a patient with COVID 19: Heparin treatment after evaluation of D - Dimer: COVID 19 and Superficial thrombophlebitis.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Demirbas, Abdullah", "Elmas, Omer Faruk", "Tursen, Umit", "Atasoy, Mustafa", "Lotti, Torello"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500589", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458597, "title": "Gynecologic oncology at the time of COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "J Gynecol Oncol", "authors": ["Bogani, Giorgio", "Brusadelli, Claudia", "Guerrisi, Rocco", "Lopez, Salvatore", "Signorelli, Mauro", "Ditto, Antonino", "Raspagliesi, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458597", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) classified the novel coronavirus (i.e., coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) as a global public health emergency. COVID-19 threatens to curtail patient access to evidence-based treatment. Medicine is changing, basically due to the limited available resources. In the field of gynecologic oncology, we have to re-design our treatments' paradigm. During COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, the highest priority is to achieve the maximum benefit from less demanding procedures. Extensive procedures should be avoided, in order to reduce hospitalization and postoperative events that might increase the in-hospital spread of the virus. There are ongoing concerns on the use of laparoscopic procedures, related to the possible contamination of the staff working in the operation room. Other minimally invasive techniques, including, vaginal surgery as well as robotic-assisted and isobaric procedures would be preferred over laparoscopy. A fair allocation of resources is paramount adequate treatments."}, {"pmid": 32104911, "pmcid": "PMC7228310", "title": "Evolutionary history, potential intermediate animal host, and cross-species analyses of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Li, Xingguang", "Zai, Junjie", "Zhao, Qiang", "Nie, Qing", "Li, Yi", "Foley, Brian T", "Chaillon, Antoine"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32104911", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the evolutionary history of the recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in China, a total of 70 genomes of virus strains from China and elsewhere with sampling dates between 24 December 2019 and 3 February 2020 were analyzed. To explore the potential intermediate animal host of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, we reanalyzed virome data sets from pangolins and representative SARS-related coronaviruses isolates from bats, with particular attention paid to the spike glycoprotein gene. We performed phylogenetic, split network, transmission network, likelihood-mapping, and comparative analyses of the genomes. Based on Bayesian time-scaled phylogenetic analysis using the tip-dating method, we estimated the time to the most recent common ancestor and evolutionary rate of SARS-CoV-2, which ranged from 22 to 24 November 2019 and 1.19 to 1.31\u2009\u00d7\u200910-3 substitutions per site per year, respectively. Our results also revealed that the BetaCoV/bat/Yunnan/RaTG13/2013 virus was more similar to the SARS-CoV-2 virus than the coronavirus obtained from the two pangolin samples (SRR10168377 and SRR10168378). We also identified a unique peptide (PRRA) insertion in the human SARS-CoV-2 virus, which may be involved in the proteolytic cleavage of the spike protein by cellular proteases, and thus could impact host range and transmissibility. Interestingly, the coronavirus carried by pangolins did not have the RRAR motif. Therefore, we concluded that the human SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is responsible for the recent outbreak of COVID-19, did not come directly from pangolins."}, {"pmid": 32462666, "title": "The association between laryngopharyngeal reflux and COVID-19 is still not demonstrated.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Lechien, Jerome R", "Bartaire, Emmanuel", "Bobin, Francois", "Hans, Stephane", "Saussez, Sven"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462666", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397693, "title": "What about heart and mind in the covid-19 era?", "journal": "Minerva Cardioangiol", "authors": ["Mazza, Marianna", "Marano, Giuseppe", "Antonazzo, Barbara", "Cavarretta, Elena", "Di Nicola, Marco", "Janiri, Luigi", "Sani, Gabriele", "Frati, Giacomo", "Romagnoli, Enrico"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397693", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From the time of Hippocratic medicine, heart-brain interactions have been recognized and contributed to both mental and physical health. Heart-brain interactions are complex and multifaceted and appear to be bidirectional. Exposure to chronic and daily stressors such as quarantine, or severe psychological trauma like a significant person in danger of life can affect the cardiovascular system and the emotional experience of the individual, leading to an increased risk of developing a cardiovascular disease or mental illness. Subjects with comorbidities between mental disorders and heart diseases are obviously more susceptible to be influenced by emotional burden due to the spread of COVID-19, with emotional responses characterized by fear, panic, anger, frustration. Psychological services and crisis interventions are needed at an early stage to reduce anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder in such a stressful period, with a special attention to special groups of patients, such as women, children, or the elderly."}, {"pmid": 32427642, "pmcid": "PMC7255392", "title": "Getting to a New Normal: Mandating That Patients Wear Masks as Hospitals Fully Reopen during the Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Liu, Renyu", "Fleisher, Lee A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427642", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489751, "pmcid": "PMC7255538", "title": "Managing Acute Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy Bleed During the Time of COVID-19 Pandemic: Novelty or Necessity?", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Philips, Cyriac A", "Kumbar, Sandeep", "Ahamed, Rizwan", "Augustine, Philip"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489751", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute bleeding from portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) is an extremely rare event in the natural history of cirrhosis. The treatment recommendations include portal pressure reduction strategies including pharmacotherapy with vasoactive agents and beta-blockers and interventional strategies such as transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement. In this report, we present the case of a patient with cirrhosis in whom acute PHG-related bleed was managed with endoscopic band ligation, a therapeutic modality which has not been described in current literature. Our decision to re-purpose a technique for variceal bleeding stems from the fact that during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the technical assistance, resource availability, and sourcing of materials that were required\u00a0for us to follow recommended management guidelines for acute PHG-related bleed was severely affected due to imposed lockdown between districts and states."}, {"pmid": 32319151, "pmcid": "PMC7264722", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic: some lessons learned about crisis preparedness and management, and the need for international benchmarking to reduce deficits.", "journal": "Environ Microbiol", "authors": ["Timmis, Kenneth", "Brussow, Harald"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319151", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417420, "pmcid": "PMC7224646", "title": "Algorithm for the classification of Covid-19 rashes.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Ortega-Quijano, Daniel", "Jimenez-Cauhe, Juan", "Selda-Enriquez, Gerald", "Fernandez-Guarino, Montserrat", "Fernandez-Nieto, Diego"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417420", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496101, "title": "A commentary on moral injury among health care providers during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Borges, Lauren M", "Barnes, Sean M", "Farnsworth, Jacob K", "Bahraini, Nazanin H", "Brenner, Lisa A"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496101", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although little is known about moral injury in nonmilitary populations, the COVID-19 pandemic has made it clear that moral injury's relevance extends beyond the battlefield. Health care providers are experiencing potentially morally injurious events that may violate their moral code or values, yet almost no research has been conducted on moral injury among health care providers to date. The purpose of this commentary is to describe the relevance of moral injury to health care providers and to spark a dialogue that motivates future research, prevention, and intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32314804, "pmcid": "PMC7264625", "title": "Epidemiological trends of COVID-19 epidemic in Italy over March 2020: From 1000 to 100 000 cases.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["La Maestra, Sebastiano", "Abbondandolo, Angelo", "De Flora, Silvio"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314804", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic started in Italy by the end of January 2020 and, after 1 month, it affected 1049 persons. Based on the Italian Ministry of Health data, we reconstructed the daily course of virus-positive cases and deaths over March 2020 for the whole of Italy, 19 regions and 2 provinces. From 29 February to 31 March, there was a 100.9-fold increase in the cumulative number of cases and a 428.6-fold increase in the number of deaths in Italy. When plotted on a semilogarithmic scale, the curves tended to diverge from linearity with 23%, 16%, and 7% average daily increases during the three decades of March. Similarly, the number of deaths decreased from an average daily growth of 19% over\u00a0the second decade to 10% over\u00a0the third decade. The correlation coefficients relating the days to cases or deaths over\u00a0each one of the three decades approached\u00a0unity. As inferred from the equations of the regression lines relative to the three decades, the doubling times of cases were 3.4, 5.1, and 9.6 days, respectively. The doubling times of deaths over\u00a0the second and third decades were 4.9 and 7.0 days, respectively. There was a broad geographic variability, with a striking gradient from the North, where 40.8% of cases and 57.9% of deaths occurred in Lombardy, to the South. On the whole, over\u00a0March there was a trend to epidemic growth decline\u00a0but the time for the end of the epidemic will depend on a variety of factors and, at present, it is unpredictable."}, {"pmid": 32335197, "pmcid": "PMC7177068", "title": "Loss and grief amidst COVID-19: A path to adaptation and resilience.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Zhai, Yusen", "Du, Xue"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335197", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has posed an extreme threat to global health and become a leading cause of death worldwide. Loss, as a more encompassing theme, interweaves many aspects of people's life in this challenging time. Failure to address the pressing needs of those experiencing loss and grief may result in poor mental and physical health. Recognizing the uniqueness of each individual and their loss and grief will provide opportunities to develop tailored strategies that facilitate functional adaptation to loss and promote mental health and wellbeing in this crisis."}, {"pmid": 32488162, "title": "Safety fears over drug hyped to treat the coronavirus spark global confusion.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Ledford, Heidi"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488162", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475761, "pmcid": "PMC7251409", "title": "Dexmedetomidine and worsening hypoxemia in the setting of COVID-19: A case report.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Stockton, John", "Kyle-Sidell, Cameron"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475761", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emergency department management of hypoxemia in the setting of COVID-19 is riddled with uncertainty. The lack of high-quality research has translated to an absence of clarity at the bedside. With disease spread outpacing treatment consensus, provider discretion has taken on a heightened role. Here, we report a case of dexmedetomidine use in the setting of worsening hypoxemia, whereby oxygenation improved and intubation was avoided. Well known pharmacologic properties of the drug, namely the lack of respiratory depression and its anti-delirium effects, as well as other possible physiologic effects, suggest potential benefit for patients being managed with a delayed intubation approach. If dexmedetomidine can improve compliance with non-invasive oxygen support (the current recommended first-line therapy) while promoting better oxygenation, it may also decrease the need for mechanical ventilation and thus improve mortality."}, {"pmid": 32503659, "pmcid": "PMC7274509", "title": "Body temperature correlates with mortality in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Tharakan, Serena", "Nomoto, Koichi", "Miyashita, Satoshi", "Ishikawa, Kiyotake"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503659", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340614, "pmcid": "PMC7184243", "title": "Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) guidance for the practice of cardiovascular magnetic resonance during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Cardiovasc Magn Reson", "authors": ["Han, Yuchi", "Chen, Tiffany", "Bryant, Jennifer", "Bucciarelli-Ducci, Chiara", "Dyke, Christopher", "Elliott, Michael D", "Ferrari, Victor A", "Friedrich, Matthias G", "Lawton, Chris", "Manning, Warren J", "Ordovas, Karen", "Plein, Sven", "Powell, Andrew J", "Raman, Subha V", "Carr, James"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340614", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this document is to provide general guidance and specific recommendations on the practice of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. There are two major considerations. First, continued urgent and semi-urgent care for the patients who have no known active COVID-19 should be provided in a safe manner for both patients and staff. Second, when necessary, CMR on patients with confirmed or suspected active COVID-19 should focus on the specific clinical question with an emphasis on myocardial function and tissue characterization while optimizing patient and staff safety."}, {"pmid": 32283283, "pmcid": "PMC7151395", "title": "Positive effects of COVID-19 control measures on influenza prevention.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wu, Di", "Lu, Jianyun", "Liu, Yanhui", "Zhang, Zhoubin", "Luo, Lei"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283283", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has now become a pandemic threat to the whole world. At the same time, influenza virus has been active, with influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 sharing the same transmission routes. This article aims to alert clinicians of the presence of co-infection with these two viruses and to describe the effect of the measures taken to fight COVID-19 on influenza prevention and control."}, {"pmid": 32176775, "title": "Editorial Concern-Possible Reporting of the Same Patients With COVID-19 in Different Reports.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Bauchner, Howard", "Golub, Robert M", "Zylke, Jody"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32176775", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32011673, "pmcid": "PMC7108176", "title": "Origin and evolution of the 2019 novel coronavirus.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhang, Liangsheng", "Shen, Fu-Ming", "Chen, Fei", "Lin, Zhenguo"], "date": "2020-02-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32011673", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298676, "pmcid": "PMC7194805", "title": "Saliva is a reliable tool to detect SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Azzi, Lorenzo", "Carcano, Giulio", "Gianfagna, Francesco", "Grossi, Paolo", "Gasperina, Daniela Dalla", "Genoni, Angelo", "Fasano, Mauro", "Sessa, Fausto", "Tettamanti, Lucia", "Carinci, Francesco", "Maurino, Vittorio", "Rossi, Agostino", "Tagliabue, Angelo", "Baj, Andreina"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298676", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study analyzed salivary samples of COVID-19 patients and compared the results with their clinical and laboratory data. Salivary samples of 25 COVID-19 patients were analyzed by rRT-PCR. The following data were collected: age, sex, comorbidities, drugs. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and ultrasensitive reactive C protein (usRCP) values were registered on the same day when a salivary swab was collected. Prevalence of positivity in saliva and association between clinical data and the cycle threshold as a semiquantitative indicator of viral load were considered. Twenty-five subjects were recruited into this study, 17 males and 8 females. The mean age was 61.5\u00a0+/-\u00a011.2 years. Cardiovascular and/or dysmetabolic disorders were observed in 65.22% of cases. All the samples tested positive for the presence of SARS-CoV-2, while there was an inverse association between LDH and Ct values. Two patients showed positive salivary results on the same days when their pharyngeal or respiratory swabs showed conversion. Saliva is a reliable tool to detect SARS-CoV-2. The role of saliva in COVID-19 diagnosis could not be limited to a qualitative detection of the virus, but it may also provide information about the clinical evolution of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32442649, "pmcid": "PMC7237358", "title": "Plant Solutions for the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond: Historical Reflections and Future Perspectives.", "journal": "Mol Plant", "authors": ["Weng, Jing-Ke"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442649", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32145363, "pmcid": "PMC7135139", "title": "Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as available weapons to fight COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Colson, Philippe", "Rolain, Jean-Marc", "Lagier, Jean-Christophe", "Brouqui, Philippe", "Raoult, Didier"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145363", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420951, "title": "COVID-19 virus case fatality rate: How to avoid errors in calculation of data during the outbreak?", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Soliman, Ashraf T", "Alyafei, Fawziya", "Elalaily, Rania"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420951", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "."}, {"pmid": 32238427, "title": "Diagnostic Evaluation of Pulmonary Embolism During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Nucl Med", "authors": ["Zuckier, Lionel S", "Moadel, Renee M", "Haramati, Linda B", "Freeman, Leonard M"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238427", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502685, "pmcid": "PMC7255329", "title": "Risk of COVID-19 pneumonia in aquatic mammals.", "journal": "Environ Res", "authors": ["Nabi, Ghulam", "Khan, Suliman"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502685", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338807, "pmcid": "PMC7267482", "title": "Considerations for head and neck oncology practices during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: Wuhan and Toronto experience.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Wu, Vincent", "Noel, Christopher W", "Forner, David", "Zhang, Zhi-Jian", "Higgins, Kevin M", "Enepekides, Danny J", "Lee, John M", "Witterick, Ian J", "Kim, John J", "Waldron, John N", "Irish, Jonathan C", "Hua, Qing-Quan", "Eskander, Antoine"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338807", "countries": ["China", "Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The practices of head and neck surgical oncologists must evolve to meet the unprecedented needs placed on our health care system by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Guidelines are emerging to help guide the provision of head and neck cancer care, though in practice, it can be challenging to operationalize such recommendations. Head and neck surgeons at Wuhan University faced significant challenges in providing care for their patients. Similar challenges were faced by the University of Toronto during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) pandemic in 2003. Herein, we outline our combined experience and key practical considerations for maintaining an oncology service in the midst of a pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32335477, "pmcid": "PMC7165280", "title": "Cancer and coronavirus disease 2019; how do we manage cancer optimally through a public health crisis?", "journal": "Eur J Cancer", "authors": ["Vrdoljak, Eduard", "Sullivan, Richard", "Lawler, Mark"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335477", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32179380, "pmcid": "PMC7271220", "title": "How health anxiety influences responses to viral outbreaks like COVID-19: What all decision-makers, health authorities, and health care professionals need to know.", "journal": "J Anxiety Disord", "authors": ["Asmundson, Gordon J G", "Taylor, Steven"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179380", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463743, "title": "From novice student to frontline care of COVID-19 patients in just 6 months.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Lowes, Hailey"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463743", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392562, "title": "JAK Inhibition as a New Treatment Strategy for Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Int Arch Allergy Immunol", "authors": ["Seif, Farhad", "Aazami, Hossein", "Khoshmirsafa, Majid", "Kamali, Monireh", "Mohsenzadegan, Monireh", "Pornour, Majid", "Mansouri, Davood"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392562", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After the advent of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) commenced across the world. Understanding the Immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 is essential for interrupting viral infectivity and preventing aberrant immune responses before a vaccine can be developed. In this review, we provide the latest insights into the roles of angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) and Ang II receptor-1 (AT1-R) in this disease. Novel therapeutic strategies, including recombinant ACE2, ACE inhibitors, AT1-R blockers, and Ang 1-7 peptides, may prevent or reduce viruses-induced pulmonary, cardiac, and renal injuries. However, more studies are needed to clarify the efficacy of these therapeutics. Furthermore, considering the common role of the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway in AT1-R expressed on peripheral tissues and cytokine receptors on the surface of immune cells, potential targeting of this pathway using JAK inhibitors (JAKinibs) is suggested as a promising approach in patients with COVID-19 who are admitted to hospitals. In addition to antiviral therapy, potential ACE2- and AT1-R-inhibiting strategies, and other supportive care, we suggest other potential JAKinibs and novel anti-inflammatory combination therapies that affect the JAK-STAT pathway in patients with COVID-19. Since the combination of MTX and baricitinib leads to outstanding clinical outcomes, the addition of baricitinib to MTX might be a potential strategy."}, {"pmid": 32279676, "pmcid": "PMC7180328", "title": "Nosocomial infection among patients with COVID-19: A retrospective data analysis of 918 cases from a single center in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["He, Yan", "Li, Wei", "Wang, Zhen", "Chen, Huilong", "Tian, Lei", "Liu, Dong"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279676", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32087122, "pmcid": "PMC7159294", "title": "Statement in support of the scientists, public health professionals, and medical professionals of China combatting COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Calisher, Charles", "Carroll, Dennis", "Colwell, Rita", "Corley, Ronald B", "Daszak, Peter", "Drosten, Christian", "Enjuanes, Luis", "Farrar, Jeremy", "Field, Hume", "Golding, Josie", "Gorbalenya, Alexander", "Haagmans, Bart", "Hughes, James M", "Karesh, William B", "Keusch, Gerald T", "Lam, Sai Kit", "Lubroth, Juan", "Mackenzie, John S", "Madoff, Larry", "Mazet, Jonna", "Palese, Peter", "Perlman, Stanley", "Poon, Leo", "Roizman, Bernard", "Saif, Linda", "Subbarao, Kanta", "Turner, Mike"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32087122", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358045, "title": "From One Technologist to Another-COVID-19 Questions Answered.", "journal": "J Nucl Med Technol", "authors": ["Beyder, Dmitry D", "Crosthwaite, Mark H", "Crowley, James", "Hay, Lyndsi M", "Jackson, Kimberly Kerrylin", "McDonald, Nancy", "Roy, Lynne T", "Peters, Tricia", "Wenzel-Lamb, Nikki"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358045", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479682, "title": "Preeclampsia-like syndrome induced by severe COVID-19: a prospective observational study.", "journal": "BJOG", "authors": ["Mendoza, Manel", "Garcia-Ruiz, Itziar", "Maiz, Nerea", "Rodo, Carlota", "Garcia-Manau, Pablo", "Serrano, Berta", "Lopez-Martinez, Rosa Maria", "Balcells, Joan", "Fernandez-Hidalgo, Nuria", "Carreras, Elena", "Suy, Anna"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479682", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the incidence of clinical, ultrasonographic and biochemical findings related to preeclampsia (PE) in pregnancies with COVID-19, and to assess their accuracy to differentiate between PE and the PE-like features associated with COVID-19. A prospective, observational study. Tertiary referral hospital. Singleton pregnancies with COVID-19 at >20+0 weeks. 42 consecutive pregnancies were recruited and classified into two groups: severe and nonsevere COVID-19, according to the occurrence of severe pneumonia. Uterine artery pulsatility index (UtAPI) and angiogenic factors (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1/placental growth factor [sFlt-1/PlGF]) were assessed in women with suspected PE. Incidence of signs and symptoms related to PE, such as hypertension, proteinuria, thrombocytopenia, elevated liver enzymes, abnormal UtAPI and increased sFlt-1/PlGF. 34 cases were classified as nonsevere and 8 as severe COVID-19. Six (14.3%) women presented signs and symptoms of PE, all six being among the severe COVID-19 cases (75.0%). However, abnormal sFlt-1/PlGF and UtAPI could only be demonstrated in one case. Two cases remained pregnant after recovery from severe pneumonia and had a spontaneous resolution of the PE-like syndrome. Pregnant women with severe COVID-19 can develop a PE-like syndrome that might be distinguished from actual PE by sFlt-1/PlGF, LDH and UtAPI assessment. Health care providers should be aware of its existence and monitor pregnancies with suspected preeclampsia with caution."}, {"pmid": 32430561, "pmcid": "PMC7235437", "title": "Anesthesia and protection in an emergency cesarean section for pregnant woman infected with a novel coronavirus: case report and literature review.", "journal": "J Anesth", "authors": ["Du, Yin", "Wang, Long", "Wu, Gang", "Lei, Xiaoming", "Li, Wei", "Lv, Jianrui"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430561", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia occurred worldwide since December 2019, which had been named COVID-19 subsequently. It is extremely transmissive that infection in pregnant women were unavoidable. The delivery process will produce large amount of contaminated media, leaving a challenge for medical personnel to ensure both the safety of the mother and infant and good self-protection. Only rare cases of pregnant women with COVID-19 are available for reference. Here, we report a 30-year-old woman had reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19 at 36\u00a0weeks 2\u00a0days of gestation. Significant low and high variability of fetal heart rate baseline and severe variable decelerations were repeated after admission. An emergency cesarean section at 37\u00a0weeks 1\u00a0day of gestation under combined spinal and epidural anesthesia was performed with strict protection for all personnel. Anesthesia and operation went uneventfully. None of the participants were infected. We can conclude that when confronted with cesarean section in parturient with COVID-19, careful planning and detailed preparation can improve the safety of the mother and infant and reduce the risk of infection for medical staff to help preventing and controlling the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32118642, "title": "Science in the fight against the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Wang, Jian-Wei", "Cao, Bin", "Wang, Chen"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32118642", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526206, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Reverse Genetics Reveals a Variable Infection Gradient in the Respiratory Tract.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Hou, Yixuan J", "Okuda, Kenichi", "Edwards, Caitlin E", "Martinez, David R", "Asakura, Takanori", "Dinnon, Kenneth H 3rd", "Kato, Takafumi", "Lee, Rhianna E", "Yount, Boyd L", "Mascenik, Teresa M", "Chen, Gang", "Olivier, Kenneth N", "Ghio, Andrew", "Tse, Longping V", "Leist, Sarah R", "Gralinski, Lisa E", "Schafer, Alexandra", "Dang, Hong", "Gilmore, Rodney", "Nakano, Satoko", "Sun, Ling", "Fulcher, M Leslie", "Livraghi-Butrico, Alessandra", "Nicely, Nathan I", "Cameron, Mark", "Cameron, Cheryl", "Kelvin, David J", "de Silva, Aravinda", "Margolis, David M", "Markmann, Alena", "Bartelt, Luther", "Zumwalt, Ross", "Martinez, Fernando J", "Salvatore, Steven P", "Borczuk, Alain", "Tata, Purushothama R", "Sontake, Vishwaraj", "Kimple, Adam", "Jaspers, Ilona", "O'Neal, Wanda K", "Randell, Scott H", "Boucher, Richard C", "Baric, Ralph S"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526206", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The mode of acquisition and causes for the variable clinical spectrum of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain unknown. We utilized a reverse genetics system to generate a GFP reporter virus to explore severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogenesis and a luciferase reporter virus to demonstrate sera collected from SARS and COVID-19 patients exhibited limited cross-CoV neutralization. High-sensitivity RNA in situ mapping revealed the highest angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression in the nose with decreasing expression throughout the lower respiratory tract, paralleled by a striking gradient of SARS-CoV-2 infection in proximal (high) versus distal (low) pulmonary epithelial cultures. COVID-19 autopsied lung studies identified focal disease and, congruent with culture data, SARS-CoV-2-infected ciliated and type 2 pneumocyte cells in airway and alveolar regions, respectively. These findings highlight the nasal susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 with likely subsequent aspiration-mediated virus seeding to the lung in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. These reagents provide a foundation for investigations into virus-host interactions in protective immunity, host susceptibility, and virus pathogenesis."}, {"pmid": 32417899, "pmcid": "PMC7239147", "title": "Favipiravir, an antiviral for COVID-19?", "journal": "J Antimicrob Chemother", "authors": ["Coomes, Eric A", "Haghbayan, Hourmazd"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417899", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373997, "title": "Outbreak of COVID-19 infection in children: fear and serenity.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Pavone, P", "Ceccarelli, M", "Taibi, R", "La Rocca, G", "Nunnari, G"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373997", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 greatly involves the resources of the global healthcare system, as it affects newborns, adults, and elders. This infection runs in three major stages: a mild cold-like illness, a moderate respiratory syndrome and a severe acute interstitial pneumonia. SARS-CoV-2 infection seems to have a more benign evolution in children. As a matter of fact, low susceptibility and minor aggressivity have been highlighted in most cases. There are currently no effective antiviral drugs treatment for the affected children. No sufficient results have been reached by the use of interferon (IFN), lopinavir/ritonavir, orbidol, and oseltamivir in the treatment of the coronaviruses infection. The aim of this short review is to highlight the differences existing between COVID-19 cases in adults and children."}, {"pmid": 32292903, "pmcid": "PMC7144599", "title": "COVID-19 infection among asymptomatic and symptomatic pregnant women: Two weeks of confirmed presentations to an affiliated pair of New York City hospitals.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM", "authors": ["Breslin, Noelle", "Baptiste, Caitlin", "Gyamfi-Bannerman, Cynthia", "Miller, Russell", "Martinez, Rebecca", "Bernstein, Kyra", "Ring, Laurence", "Landau, Ruth", "Purisch, Stephanie", "Friedman, Alexander M", "Fuchs, Karin", "Sutton, Desmond", "Andrikopoulou, Maria", "Rupley, Devon", "Sheen, Jean-Ju", "Aubey, Janice", "Zork, Noelia", "Moroz, Leslie", "Mourad, Mirella", "Wapner, Ronald", "Simpson, Lynn L", "D'Alton, Mary E", "Goffman, Dena"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292903", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus 2019, or COVID-19, infection has rapidly spread through the New York metropolitan area since the first reported case in the state on March 1, 2020. New York currently represents an epicenter for COVID-19 infection in the United States, with 84,735 cases reported as of April 2, 2020. We previously presented an early experience with seven COVID-positive patients in pregnancy, including two women who were diagnosed with COVID-19 following an asymptomatic initial presentation. We now describe a series of 43 test-confirmed cases of COVID-19 presenting to a pair of affiliated New York City hospitals over two weeks from March 13 to 27, 2020. Fourteen (32.6%) patients presented without any COVID-associated viral symptoms, and were identified either after developing symptoms during admission or following the implementation of universal testing for all obstetrical admissions on March 22. Of these, 10/14 (71.4%) developed symptoms or signs of COVID-19 infection over the course of their delivery admission or early after postpartum discharge. Of the other 29 (67.4%) patients who presented with symptomatic COVID-19 infection, three women ultimately required antenatal admission for viral symptoms, and an additional patient represented six days postpartum after a successful labor induction with worsening respiratory status that required oxygen supplementation. There were no confirmed cases of COVID-19 detected in neonates upon initial testing on the first day of life. Applying COVID-19 disease severity characteristics as described by Wu et al, 37 (86%) women possessed mild disease, four (9.3%) exhibited severe disease, and two (4.7%) developed critical disease; these percentages are similar to those described for non-pregnant adults with COVID-19 infections (about 80% mild, 15% severe, and 5% critical disease)."}, {"pmid": 32505462, "title": "A SARS-CoV-2 familial cluster infection reveals asymptomatic transmission to children.", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Chen, Ming", "Fan, Panpan", "Liu, Zhi", "Pan, Rui", "Huang, Shaowu", "Li, Junhua", "Zhao, Dongchi"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505462", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Information on SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic infection and infectivity in children is limited. In this study, we aimed to report the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of a familial cluster infection including children with SARS-CoV-2. On February 1, 2020, two children(case 1 and case 2), an 8-year-old girl and a 9-year-old boy, were admitted to the isolation ward in Xiangyang Central Hospital, Hubei province, China, with the diagnosis of COVID-19. Before admission, they had been staying at home with their father and never contacted with any confirmed patients except their mother (case 3) who returned from Wuhan on January 22. Both case 1 and case 2 got mild symptoms. Case 3 did not develop any symptoms until February 6, 2020, with an asymptomatic period of 15 days. She was transferred to ICU and administered multiple treatment according to the disease progression and chest CT manifestations. Her nucleic acid test turned positive until Feb 21, 2020, 15 days after symptoms onset, 30 days after her return from Wuhan. Our data showed that patients with SARS-CoV-2 may have the ability to transmit during their asymptomatic period even with the negative of viral nucleic acid in pharyngeal swabs."}, {"pmid": 32405329, "pmcid": "PMC7218366", "title": "COVID-19 transmission and blood transfusion: A case report.", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Cho, Hee Jeong", "Koo, Ji Wan", "Roh, Soong Ki", "Kim, Yu Kyung", "Suh, Jang Soo", "Moon, Joon Ho", "Sohn, Sang Kyun", "Baek, Dong Won"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405329", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been labelled as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Although person-to-person transmission of the etiologic agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been confirmed, it is not known whether COVID-19 may be transmitted by blood transfusion. Notwithstanding the urgent requirement of blood, it is critical to know whether the SARS-CoV-2 virus can be transmitted by blood transfusion because many individuals may be asymptomatic carriers and may donate blood. Several cases in which specific viral RNA could be detected in the serum from patients with COVID-19 have already been reported; these findings suggest that blood donation may be an unexplored route of transmission. However, the American Association of Blood Banks and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have not recommended any specific SARS-CoV-2-related actions to be taken at blood collection centres at this time. In this report, we describe a case of a 21-year-old man with very severe aplastic anaemia who received apheresis platelet transfusion from an individual who was subsequently diagnosed with COVID-19. Our patient tested negative for COVID-19 and is awaiting allogeneic stem cell transplantation."}, {"pmid": 32184201, "title": "Covid-19: ibuprofen should not be used for managing symptoms, say doctors and scientists.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Day, Michael"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32184201", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32370621, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic as a watershed moment: A call for systematic psychological health care for frontline medical staff.", "journal": "J Health Psychol", "authors": ["Zaka, Agustina", "Shamloo, Soraya E", "Fiorente, Pasquale", "Tafuri, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370621", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is producing a huge health care burden with millions of cases and thousands of deaths. The coronavirus' high virulence and contagiousness and the frequent sudden onset of illness is overwhelming critical care and frontline healthcare staff. Frontline professionals are exposed to unprecedented levels of intensive existential threat requiring systematic, specialized psychological intervention and support. New psychological services need to be urgently implemented to manage the mental healthcare needs of frontline medical staff working with patients with COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic is a watershed moment: health care systems universally require a step-change to improve our preparedness for future pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32422406, "pmcid": "PMC7228887", "title": "Safety considerations for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Gevers, S", "Kwa, M S G", "Wijnans, E", "van Nieuwkoop, C"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422406", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398300, "pmcid": "PMC7236833", "title": "Will Children Reveal their Secret? The Coronavirus Dilemma.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Porter, George James"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398300", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405157, "pmcid": "PMC7218370", "title": "The dilemmas of the classification of SARS-CoV-2 infection without clinical manifestations: asymptomatic or presymptomatic.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Arteaga-Livias, Kovy", "Pecho-Silva, Samuel", "Panduro-Correa, Vicky", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405157", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32080991, "pmcid": "PMC7036338", "title": "Viral Load Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in First Two Patients in Korea.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Kim, Jin Yong", "Ko, Jae Hoon", "Kim, Yeonjae", "Kim, Yae Jean", "Kim, Jeong Min", "Chung, Yoon Seok", "Kim, Heui Man", "Han, Myung Guk", "Kim, So Yeon", "Chin, Bum Sik"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32080991", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of February 2020, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak started in China in December 2019 has been spreading in many countries in the world. With the numbers of confirmed cases are increasing, information on the epidemiologic investigation and clinical manifestation have been accumulated. However, data on viral load kinetics in confirmed cases are lacking. Here, we present the viral load kinetics of the first two confirmed patients with mild to moderate illnesses in Korea in whom distinct viral load kinetics are shown. This report suggests that viral load kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 may be different from that of previously reported other coronavirus infections such as SARS-CoV."}, {"pmid": 32344395, "title": "The Role of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "Blood Purif", "authors": ["Alfano, Gaetano", "Guaraldi, Giovanni", "Fontana, Francesco", "Ferrari, Annachiara", "Magistroni, Riccardo", "Mussini, Cristina", "Cappelli, Gianni"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344395", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361327, "pmcid": "PMC7187844", "title": "Predictive factors for disease progression in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Zhang, Jun", "Yu, Miao", "Tong, Song", "Liu, Lu-Yu", "Tang, Liang-V"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361327", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A few studies have revealed the clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. However, predictive factors for the outcomes remain unclear. Attempted to determine the predictive factors for the poor outcomes of patients with COVID-19. This is a single-center, retrospective study. Clinical, laboratory, and treatment data were collected and analyzed from 111 hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in Union Hospital. The gathered data of discharged and deteriorated patients were compared. Among these 111 patients, 93 patients were discharged and 18 patients were deteriorated. The lymphocyte count (0.56 G/L [0.47-0.63] vs 1.30 G/L [0.95-1.65]) was lower in the deteriorated group than those in the discharged group. The numbers of pulmonary lobe involved (5.00 [5.00-5.00] vs 4.00 [2.00-5.00]), serum C-reactive protein (CRP, 79.52 mg/L [61.25-102.98] vs 7.93 mg/L [3.14-22.50]), IL-6 (35.72 pg/mL [9.24-85.19] vs 5.09 pg/mL [3.16-9.72]), and IL-10 (5.35 pg/mL [4.48-7.84] vs 3.97 pg/mL [3.34-4.79]) concentrations in deteriorated patients were elevated compared with discharged patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male gender (OR, 24.8 [1.8-342.1]), comorbidity (OR, 52.6 [3.6-776.4]), lymphopenia (OR, 17.3 [1.1-261.8]), and elevated CRP (OR, 96.5 [4.6-2017.6]) were the independent risk factors for the poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. This finding would facilitate the early identification of high-risk COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32453863, "title": "COVID-19 and ABO blood group: another viewpoint.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Gerard, Christiane", "Maggipinto, Gianni", "Minon, Jean-Marc"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453863", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380217, "pmcid": "PMC7198179", "title": "The COVID-19 crisis: A unique opportunity to expand dermatology to underserved populations.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Ashrafzadeh, Sepideh", "Nambudiri, Vinod E"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380217", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32043979, "pmcid": "PMC7128108", "title": "Game consumption and the 2019 novel coronavirus.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Li, Jie", "Li, Jun Justin", "Xie, Xiaoru", "Cai, Xiaomei", "Huang, Jian", "Tian, Xuemei", "Zhu, Hong"], "date": "2020-02-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32043979", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450752, "title": "The Impact of the Pandemic on Otolaryngology Patients With Negative COVID-19 Status: Commentary and Insights From Orbital Emergencies.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Fastenberg, Judd H", "Bottalico, Danielle", "Kennedy, William A", "Sheikh, Ahmed", "Setzen, Michael", "Rodgers, Rand"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450752", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Efforts aimed at minimizing the spread of COVID-19 and \"flattening the curve\" may be affecting clinical care delivery for non-COVID-19 cases that include otolaryngologic and orbital conditions. We are witnessing changes in the manner that patients present, as well as modifications in clinical management strategies. An improved understanding of these phenomena and the contributing factors is essential for otolaryngologists to provide sound clinical care during this unprecedented pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32461199, "title": "Covid-19: Papers justifying government's plans to reopen schools are \"inconclusive,\" say union bosses.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["O'Dowd, Adrian"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461199", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283219, "pmcid": "PMC7151239", "title": "Rapid Implementation of Inpatient Telepalliative Medicine Consultations During COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Humphreys, Jessi", "Schoenherr, Laura", "Elia, Giovanni", "Saks, Naomi Tzril", "Brown, Chelsea", "Barbour, Susan", "Pantilat, Steven Z"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283219", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As coronavirus disease 2019 cases increase throughout the country and health care systems grapple with the need to decrease provider exposure and minimize personal protective equipment use while maintaining high-quality patient care, our specialty is called on to consider new methods of delivering inpatient palliative care (PC). Telepalliative medicine has been used to great effect in outpatient and home-based PC but has had fewer applications in the inpatient setting. As we plan for decreased provider availability because of quarantine and redeployment and seek to reach increasingly isolated hospitalized patients in the face of coronavirus disease 2019, the need for telepalliative medicine in the inpatient setting is now clear. We describe our rapid and ongoing implementation of telepalliative medicine consultation for our inpatient PC teams and discuss lessons learned and recommendations for programs considering similar care models."}, {"pmid": 32482098, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic Triggers Telemedicine Regulation and Intensifies Diabetes Management Technology Adoption in Brazil.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Teles, Milena", "Sacchetta, Teresa", "Matsumoto, Yuri"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482098", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445484, "title": "A Real-World Evidence Framework for Optimising Dosing in All Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Peck, Richard W", "Weiner, Daniel", "Cook, Jack", "Powell, J Robert"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445484", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and associated COVID-19 disease are straining healthcare systems around the world with large numbers of patients becoming ill in a very short period of time, overwhelming healthcare systems in many countries. Several drugs are being repurposed into clinical trials in COVID-19 patients, ranging from drugs already well established in other diseases, such as chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir+ ritonavir, azithromycin and tocilizumab/sarilumab, to those such as remdesivir still in development for their initial indication (1). The opportunities for clinical pharmacology to contribute to the development of new treatments have already been described by others in Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2)."}, {"pmid": 32496012, "title": "Influence of diabetes mellitus on the severity and fatality of SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Diabetes Obes Metab", "authors": ["Wu, Jing", "Zhang, Jingqi", "Sun, Xiaohua", "Wang, Lijuan", "Xu, Yunfang", "Zhang, Yuanyuan", "Liu, Xingxiang", "Dong, Chen"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496012", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common comorbidities in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influences of diabetes mellitus on the severity and fatality of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Medical records of 66 hospitalized COVID-19 patients were collected and classified into non-severe (mild/moderate cases) and severe (severe/critical cases) groups, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the risk of severe COVID-19 (severe/critical infection). In addition, a meta-analysis including published studies reported the impacts of diabetes mellitus on severity and fatality of COVID-19, and our current study was conducted using fixed-effects models. There were 22 diabetic and 44 non-diabetic cases among the 66 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. As the results shown, seven cases (31.82%) were diagnosed as severe COVID-19 in diabetic patients, which was significantly higher than that in non-diabetic group (4/44, 9.09%, P\u00a0=\u00a00.033). After adjustment for age and gender, the results showed that diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with COVID-19 severity (OR: 5.29, 95% CI: 1.07-26.02). A meta-analysis further confirmed the positive association between diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 severity (pooled OR\u00a0=\u00a02.58, 95% CI: 1.93-3.45). Moreover, the diabetic patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 showed to have 2.95-fold higher risk of fatality compared to those patients without diabetes mellitus (95% CI: 1.93-4.53). Our findings provide new evidences that diabetes mellitus is associated with a higher risk of severity and fatality of COVID-19. Therefore, intensive monitoring and antidiabetic therapy should be considered in diabetic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32335003, "pmcid": "PMC7164866", "title": "Proposed Imaging Guidelines for Pregnant Women Suspected of Having COVID-19.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Karimi, Mohammad Ali", "Radpour, Alireza", "Sedaghat, Abdolrasul", "Gity, Masoumeh", "Hekmatnia, Ali", "Sanei-Taheri, Morteza", "Tarzamani, Mohammad Kazem", "Arab-Ahmadi, Mehran"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335003", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473912, "pmcid": "PMC7244416", "title": "Transcatheter mitral valve repair with MitraClip for severe mitral regurgitation and cardiogenic shock during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Revasc Med", "authors": ["Chitturi, Kalyan R", "Faza, Nadeen N", "Little, Stephen H", "Kleiman, Neal S", "Reardon, Michael J", "Goel, Sachin S"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473912", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Transcatheter mitral valve repair with MitraClip (Abbott) is largely an elective procedure. The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed challenges to health care systems; in many cases elective interventions have been curtailed. Patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR) and cardiogenic shock are high-risk surgical candidates and at risk of a poor outcome without intervention. The American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the Society of Coronary Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) recently proposed joint guidance on triage of structural heart disease (SHD) interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic. We present two illustrative cases of severe MR and cardiogenic shock that were successfully treated with MitraClip amidst the COVID-19 pandemic with good outcomes at short term follow-up."}, {"pmid": 32506743, "title": "No current evidence supporting risk of using Ibuprofen in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Martins-Filho, Paulo Ricardo", "do Nascimento-Junior, Edmundo Marques", "Santana Santos, Victor"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506743", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a novel RNA virus that infects cells expressing the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor and is associated with an acute respiratory disease named COVID-19. It has been hypothesized that ACE2 expression can be increased by Ibuprofen leading to a higher risk for severe COVID-19 (1). Despite the reasonable mechanistic background and results from studies suggesting that Ibuprofen may be associated with complications of community-acquired pneumonia in children (2,3), there is no current evidence that this NSAID aggravates a SARS-CoV-2 infection in any age group."}, {"pmid": 32246874, "title": "Management of inflammatory bowel diseases in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Pasha, Syed Bilal", "Fatima, Huda", "Ghouri, Yezaz A"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246874", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472681, "title": "Why not to use colchicine in COVID-19? An old anti-inflammatory drug for a novel auto-inflammatory disease.", "journal": "Rheumatology (Oxford)", "authors": ["Piantoni, Silvia", "Patroni, Andrea", "Toniati, Paola", "Furloni, Roberto", "Franceschini, Franco", "Andreoli, Laura", "Scarsi, Mirko"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472681", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425355, "pmcid": "PMC7229943", "title": "The \"mind\" behind the \"mask\": Assessing mental states and creating therapeutic alliance amidst COVID-19.", "journal": "Schizophr Res", "authors": ["Mehta, Urvakhsh Meherwan", "Venkatasubramanian, Ganesan", "Chandra, Prabha S"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425355", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511048, "title": "COVID-19 and the Futures of Machine Learning.", "journal": "OMICS", "authors": ["Arga, Kazim Yalcin"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511048", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329953, "pmcid": "PMC7264597", "title": "Should we wait or not? The preferable option for patients with stage IV oral cancer in COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Bhattacharjee, Atanu", "Patil, Vijay M", "Dikshit, Rajesh", "Prabhash, Kumar", "Singh, Arjun", "Chaturvedi, Pankaj"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329953", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus infection is rapidly spreading, putting a strain on health care services across the globe. Patients with oral cancer are susceptible often immunosuppressed due to the disease and/or the treatment received. We performed a simulation of the currently available data using a multistate and hazards model to provide an objective model for counseling and decision making for health care workers. Stage IV patients with oral cancer who did not receive treatment had progression of disease and an increased mortality rate compared to patients who receive treatment but did not contract COVID-19. The patients who received treatment and got affected with COVID-19 had a far worse impact and higher mortality rate than all other groups. Isolation and deferring treatment for stage IV patients with oral cancer, so as to avoid hospital visits and contraction of COVID-19, is an advisable strategy based on this model."}, {"pmid": 32412556, "pmcid": "PMC7221372", "title": "Characterization of the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of uncertainties, mitigation strategies, and underreporting of cases in South Korea, Italy, and Brazil.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Reis, Ruy Freitas", "de Melo Quintela, Barbara", "de Oliveira Campos, Joventino", "Gomes, Johnny Moreira", "Rocha, Bernardo Martins", "Lobosco, Marcelo", "Dos Santos, Rodrigo Weber"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412556", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of", "Brazil", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "By April 7th, 2020, the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected one and a half million people worldwide, accounting for over 80 thousand of deaths in 209 countries and territories around the world. The new and fast dynamics of the pandemic are challenging the health systems of different countries. In the absence of vaccines or effective treatments, mitigation policies, such as social isolation and lock-down of cities, have been adopted, but the results vary among different countries. Some countries were able to control the disease at the moment, as is the case of South Korea. Others, like Italy, are now experiencing the peak of the pandemic. Finally, countries with emerging economies and social issues, like Brazil, are in the initial phase of the pandemic. In this work, we use mathematical models with time-dependent coefficients, techniques of inverse and forward uncertainty quantification, and sensitivity analysis to characterize essential aspects of the COVID-19 in the three countries mentioned above. The model parameters estimated for South Korea revealed effective social distancing and isolation policies, border control, and a high number in the percentage of reported cases. In contrast, underreporting of cases was estimated to be very high in Brazil and Italy. In addition, the model estimated a poor isolation policy at the moment in Brazil, with a reduction of contact around 40%, whereas Italy and South Korea estimated numbers for contact reduction are at 75% and 90%, respectively. This characterization of the COVID-19, in these different countries under different scenarios and phases of the pandemic, supports the importance of mitigation policies, such as social distancing. In addition, it raises serious concerns for socially and economically fragile countries, where underreporting poses additional challenges to the management of the COVID-19 pandemic by significantly increasing the uncertainties regarding its dynamics."}, {"pmid": 32474123, "pmcid": "PMC7255744", "title": "COVID-19 and hand surgery.", "journal": "Hand Surg Rehabil", "authors": ["Yasri, S", "Wiwanitkit, V"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474123", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445709, "pmcid": "PMC7239624", "title": "RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2: quantitative versus qualitative.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Han, Mi Seon", "Byun, Jung-Hyun", "Cho, Yonggeun", "Rim, John Hoon"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445709", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304378, "pmcid": "PMC7273855", "title": "The Surgeon's Role During the Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Plast Surg", "authors": ["Raj, Sarth", "Abu-Ghname, Amjed", "Davis, Matthew J", "Buchanan, Edward P"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304378", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414510, "pmcid": "PMC7198213", "title": "Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for COVID-19-associated severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and risk of thrombosis.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Beyls, Christophe", "Huette, Pierre", "Abou-Arab, Osama", "Berna, Pascal", "Mahjoub, Yazine"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414510", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503705, "pmcid": "PMC7146691", "title": "Echocardiography in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Soc Echocardiogr", "authors": ["Picard, Michael H", "Weiner, Rory B"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503705", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286871, "title": "CT Findings of Pregnant Women With Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Moradi, Behnaz", "Kazemi, Mohammad Ali", "Gity, Masoumeh"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286871", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283243, "pmcid": "PMC7146668", "title": "Treatment considerations for patients with pemphigus during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Shakshouk, Hadir", "Daneshpazhooh, Maryam", "Murrell, Dedee F", "Lehman, Julia S"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283243", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32368531, "pmcid": "PMC7190951", "title": "Hypertransaminasemia in the course of infection with SARS-CoV-2: Incidence and pathogenetic hypothesis.", "journal": "World J Clin Cases", "authors": ["Zippi, Maddalena", "Fiorino, Sirio", "Occhigrossi, Giuseppe", "Hong, Wandong"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368531", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the respiratory symptoms, such as fever, cough and dyspnea, are the most frequent clinical manifestations. These patients may also present with less well-defined symptoms like diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and/or abdominal discomfort both at the time of diagnosis and during the clinical course. In a few cases, these symptoms may also present before the appearance of respiratory symptoms. To penetrate the body, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 uses ACE2 receptors, which are present not only in respiratory epithelium but also in gastrointestinal mucosa and liver cholangiocytes. In several cases, viral RNA is detectable in the stool of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The liver damage seems to show a multifactorial origin. About 2%-11% of patients with COVID-19 have known underlying hepatic pathologies. In 14%-53% of COVID-19 cases, there is an alteration of the indices of liver cytolysis and is more frequently observed in severe forms of COVID-19, especially during hospitalization."}, {"pmid": 32463093, "title": "COVID-19 Immunity Passport to Ease Travel Restrictions?", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Chen, Lin H", "Freedman, David O", "Visser, Leo G"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463093", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364265, "pmcid": "PMC7267138", "title": "Doctor-patient communication in surgical practice during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Hamza, M", "Khan, H S", "Sattar, Z A", "Hanif, M"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364265", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439139, "pmcid": "PMC7188641", "title": "Emergency Surgery and Trauma Care During COVID-19 Pandemic. Recommendations of the Spanish Association of Surgeons.", "journal": "Cir Esp", "authors": ["Aranda-Narvaez, Jose Manuel", "Tallon-Aguilar, Luis", "Pareja-Ciuro, Felipe", "Martin-Martin, Gonzalo", "Gonzalez-Sanchez, Antonio Jesus", "Rey-Simo, Ignacio", "Tamayo-Medel, Gonzalo", "Yanez-Benitez, Carlos", "Costa-Navarro, David", "Monton-Condon, Soledad", "Navarro-Soto, Salvador", "Turegano-Fuentes, Fernando", "Perez-Diaz, Maria Dolores", "Ceballos-Esparragon, Jose", "Jover-Navalon, Jose Maria", "Balibrea, Jose Maria", "Morales-Conde, Salvador"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439139", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "New coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) has determined the necessity of reorganization in many centers all over the world. Spain, as an epicenter of the disease, has been forced to assume health policy changes in all the territory. However, and from the beginning of the pandemic, every center attending surgical urgencies had to guarantee the continuous coverage adopting correct measures to maintain the excellence of quality of care. This document resumes general guidelines for emergency surgery and trauma care, obtained from the available bibliography and evaluated by a subgroup of professionals designated from the general group of investigators Cirug\u00eda-AEC-COVID-19 from the Spanish Association of Surgeons, directed to minimize professional exposure, to contemplate pandemic implications over different urgent perioperative scenarios and to adjust decision making to the occupational pressure caused by COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32285928, "title": "Cloth masks versus medical masks for COVID-19 protection.", "journal": "Cardiol J", "authors": ["Szarpak, Lukasz", "Smereka, Jacek", "Filipiak, Krzysztof J", "Ladny, Jerzy R", "Jaguszewski, Milosz"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285928", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32316113, "pmcid": "PMC7235736", "title": "Combining Point-of-Care Diagnostics and Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Diagnostics (Basel)", "authors": ["Yang, Ting", "Gentile, Mattia", "Shen, Ching-Fen", "Cheng, Chao-Min"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316113", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current standard testing method for screening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is through reverse real-time PCR assay (rRT-PCR), a common molecular-based assay that requires an average of four to six hours to provide results [...]."}, {"pmid": 32444323, "pmcid": "PMC7205671", "title": "Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for cancer in Spain.", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Petrova, Dafina", "Perez-Gomez, Beatriz", "Pollan, Marina", "Sanchez, Maria-Jose"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444323", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404043, "title": "Eco-epidemiological assessment of the COVID-19 epidemic in China, January-February 2020.", "journal": "Glob Health Action", "authors": ["Byass, Peter"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404043", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 in China in early 2020 provides a rich data source for exploring the ecological determinants of this new infection, which may be of relevance as the pandemic develops.Objectives: Assessing the spread of the COVID-19 across China, in relation to associations between cases and ecological factors including population density, temperature, solar radiation and precipitation.Methods: Open-access COVID-19 case data include 18,069 geo-located cases in China during January and February 2020, which were mapped onto a 0.25\u00b0 latitude/longitude grid together with population and weather data (temperature, solar radiation and precipitation). Of 15,539 grid cells, 559 (3.6%) contained at least one case, and these were used to construct a Poisson regression model of cell-weeks. Weather parameters were taken for the preceding week given the established 5-7 day incubation period for COVID-19. The dependent variable in the Poisson model was incident cases per cell-week and exposure was cell population, allowing for clustering of cells over weeks, to give incidence rate ratios.Results: The overall COVID-19 incidence rate in cells with confirmed cases was 0.12 per 1,000. There was a single confirmed case in 113/559 (20.2%) of cells, while two grid cells recorded over 1,000 confirmed cases. Weekly means of maximum daily temperature varied from -28.0\u00b0C to 30.1\u00b0C, minimum daily temperature from -42.4\u00b0C to 23.0\u00b0C, maximum solar radiation from 0.04 to 2.74 MJm-2 and total precipitation from 0 to 72.6 mm. Adjusted incidence rate ratios suggested brighter, warmer and drier conditions were associated with lower incidence.Conclusion: Though not demonstrating cause and effect, there were appreciable associations between weather and COVID-19 incidence during the epidemic in China. This does not mean the pandemic will go away with summer weather but demonstrates the importance of using weather conditions in understanding and forecasting the spread of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32474632, "pmcid": "PMC7261039", "title": "CT in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review of chest CT findings in 4410 adult patients.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Ojha, Vineeta", "Mani, Avinash", "Pandey, Niraj Nirmal", "Sharma, Sanjiv", "Kumar, Sanjeev"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474632", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the key imaging manifestations of COVID-19 on chest CT in adult patients by providing a comprehensive review of the published literature. We performed a systematic literature search from the PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and WHO databases for studies mentioning the chest CT imaging findings of adult COVID-19 patients. A total of 45 studies comprising 4410 patients were included. Ground glass opacities (GGO), in isolation (50.2%) or coexisting with consolidations (44.2%), were the most common lesions. Distribution of GGOs was most commonly bilateral, peripheral/subpleural, and posterior with predilection for lower lobes. Common ancillary findings included pulmonary vascular enlargement (64%), intralobular septal thickening (60%), adjacent pleural thickening (41.7%), air bronchograms (41.2%), subpleural lines, crazy paving, bronchus distortion, bronchiectasis, and interlobular septal thickening. CT in early follow-up period generally showed an increase in size, number, and density of GGOs, with progression into mixed areas of GGOs plus consolidations and crazy paving, peaking at 10-11\u00a0days, before gradually resolving or persisting as patchy fibrosis. While younger adults more commonly had GGOs, extensive/multilobar involvement with consolidations was prevalent in the older population and those with severe disease. This review describes the imaging features for diagnosis, stratification, and follow-up of COVID-19 patients. The most common CT manifestations are bilateral, peripheral/subpleural, posterior GGOs with or without consolidations with a lower lobe predominance. It is pertinent to be familiar with the various imaging findings to positively impact the management of these patients. \u2022 Ground glass opacities (GGOs), whether isolated or coexisting with consolidations, in bilateral and subpleural distribution, are the most prevalent chest CT findings in adult COVID-19 patients. \u2022 Follow-up CT shows a progression of GGOs into a mixed pattern, reaching a peak at 10-11\u00a0days, before gradually resolving or persisting as patchy fibrosis. \u2022 Younger people tend to have more GGOs. Older or sicker people tend to have more extensive involvement with consolidations."}, {"pmid": 32372076, "pmcid": "PMC7239160", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 human disinfection chambers: a critical analysis.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Wickramatillake, Aseni", "Kurukularatne, Changa"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372076", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32509394, "title": "Should patients stop their radiotherapy or chemotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Cancer Res", "authors": ["Huang, Bin", "Zhu, Jian", "Wu, Xiong-Ying", "Gao, Xu-Hui"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509394", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the previous stage, there were too many patients with Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan. Ordinary people, patients, even doctors, had a great sense of desperate. On the one hand, almost all doctors participated in the treatment of patients of COVID-19. On the other hand, the government restricted residents to go out, and the sick people were also afraid of being infected with COVID-19 when seeking medical treatment. Whether cancer patients seek medical treatment or not has become a contradiction for a long time. Our Viewpoint paper is to provide a positive signal to doctors and patients that patients with in the middle or advanced stage of cancer can receive radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy normally under protective measures."}, {"pmid": 32156331, "pmcid": "PMC7068166", "title": "Updated rapid risk assessment from ECDC on the outbreak of COVID-19: increased transmission globally.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Eurosurveillance Editorial Team"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32156331", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32109013, "pmcid": "PMC7092819", "title": "Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Guan, Wei-Jie", "Ni, Zheng-Yi", "Hu, Yu", "Liang, Wen-Hua", "Ou, Chun-Quan", "He, Jian-Xing", "Liu, Lei", "Shan, Hong", "Lei, Chun-Liang", "Hui, David S C", "Du, Bin", "Li, Lan-Juan", "Zeng, Guang", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung", "Chen, Ru-Chong", "Tang, Chun-Li", "Wang, Tao", "Chen, Ping-Yan", "Xiang, Jie", "Li, Shi-Yue", "Wang, Jin-Lin", "Liang, Zi-Jing", "Peng, Yi-Xiang", "Wei, Li", "Liu, Yong", "Hu, Ya-Hua", "Peng, Peng", "Wang, Jian-Ming", "Liu, Ji-Yang", "Chen, Zhong", "Li, Gang", "Zheng, Zhi-Jian", "Qiu, Shao-Qin", "Luo, Jie", "Ye, Chang-Jiang", "Zhu, Shao-Yong", "Zhong, Nan-Shan"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32109013", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, when coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) emerged in Wuhan city and rapidly spread throughout China, data have been needed on the clinical characteristics of the affected patients. We extracted data regarding 1099 patients with laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 from 552 hospitals in 30 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in mainland China through January 29, 2020. The primary composite end point was admission to an intensive care unit (ICU), the use of mechanical ventilation, or death. The median age of the patients was 47 years; 41.9% of the patients were female. The primary composite end point occurred in 67 patients (6.1%), including 5.0% who were admitted to the ICU, 2.3% who underwent invasive mechanical ventilation, and 1.4% who died. Only 1.9% of the patients had a history of direct contact with wildlife. Among nonresidents of Wuhan, 72.3% had contact with residents of Wuhan, including 31.3% who had visited the city. The most common symptoms were fever (43.8% on admission and 88.7% during hospitalization) and cough (67.8%). Diarrhea was uncommon (3.8%). The median incubation period was 4 days (interquartile range, 2 to 7). On admission, ground-glass opacity was the most common radiologic finding on chest computed tomography (CT) (56.4%). No radiographic or CT abnormality was found in 157 of 877 patients (17.9%) with nonsevere disease and in 5 of 173 patients (2.9%) with severe disease. Lymphocytopenia was present in 83.2% of the patients on admission. During the first 2 months of the current outbreak, Covid-19 spread rapidly throughout China and caused varying degrees of illness. Patients often presented without fever, and many did not have abnormal radiologic findings. (Funded by the National Health Commission of China and others.)."}, {"pmid": 32385219, "pmcid": "PMC7203076", "title": "Global efforts on vaccines for COVID-19: Since, sooner or later, we all will catch the coronavirus.", "journal": "J Biosci", "authors": ["Mukherjee, Raju"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385219", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease that has turned into a pandemic. It spreads through droplet transmission of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. It is an RNA virus displaying a spike protein as the major surface protein with significant sequence similarity to SARS-CoV which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome. The receptor binding domain of the spike protein interacts with the human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and is considered as the antigenic determinant for stimulating an immune response. While multiple candidate vaccines are currently under different stages of development, there are no known therapeutic interventions at the moment. This review describes the key genetic features that are being considered for generating vaccine candidates by employing innovative technologies. It also highlights the global efforts being undertaken to deliver vaccines for COVID-19 through unprecedented international cooperation and future challenges post development."}, {"pmid": 32461228, "pmcid": "PMC7254117", "title": "Protecting children in low-income and middle-income countries from COVID-19.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Ahmed, Salahuddin", "Mvalo, Tisungane", "Akech, Samuel", "Agweyu, Ambrose", "Baker, Kevin", "Bar-Zeev, Naor", "Campbell, Harry", "Checkley, William", "Chisti, Mohammod Jobayer", "Colbourn, Tim", "Cunningham, Steve", "Duke, Trevor", "English, Mike", "Falade, Adegoke G", "Fancourt, Nicholas Ss", "Ginsburg, Amy S", "Graham, Hamish R", "Gray, Diane M", "Gupta, Madhu", "Hammitt, Laura", "Hesseling, Anneke C", "Hooli, Shubhada", "Johnson, Abdul-Wahab Br", "King, Carina", "Kirby, Miles A", "Lanata, Claudio F", "Lufesi, Norman", "Mackenzie, Grant A", "McCracken, John P", "Moschovis, Peter P", "Nair, Harish", "Oviawe, Osawaru", "Pomat, William S", "Santosham, Mathuram", "Seddon, James A", "Thahane, Lineo Keneuoe", "Wahl, Brian", "Van der Zalm, Marieke", "Verwey, Charl", "Yoshida, Lay-Myint", "Zar, Heather J", "Howie, Stephen Rc", "McCollum, Eric D"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461228", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425315, "pmcid": "PMC7227588", "title": "Are we equal in adversity? Does Covid-19 affect women and men differently?", "journal": "Maturitas", "authors": ["Serge, Rozenberg", "Vandromme, Jean", "Charlotte, Martin"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425315", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article examines whether women are less prone than men to Covid-19 infections and their complications. We reviewed available databases and searched systematically for publications. To be taken into account, data had to be broken down by gender. There was no study evaluation nor quantification synthesis, due to the large heterogeneity of the studies. Nineteen databases were selected. 73 publications were considered and 33 were selected, to which 12 more were added. Globally, the proportion of men and women who tested positive is comparable. However, men are about 60% more likely to be severely ill or to die from the complications of Covid-19 than are women. The study was hampered by a large heterogeneity in testing and reporting of the data. Although in the pandemic men die more frequently than women from Covid-19, it is not clear whether this is due to biological differences between men and women, differences in behavioral habits, or differences in the rates of co-morbidities. Countries and studies should report their data by age, gender and co-morbidities. This may have implications in terms of vaccination strategies, the choice of treatments and future consequences for long-term health issues concerning gender equality."}, {"pmid": 32494029, "pmcid": "PMC7267767", "title": "Advanced renal cell carcinoma and COVID-19 - a personal perspective.", "journal": "Nat Rev Urol", "authors": ["Ged, Yasser", "Markowski, Mark C", "Pierorazio, Phillip M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494029", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482483, "pmcid": "PMC7253981", "title": "Lung ultrasound monitoring in patients with COVID-19 on home isolation.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Shokoohi, Hamid", "Duggan, Nicole M", "Garcia-de-Casasola Sanchez, Gonzalo", "Torres-Arrese, Marta", "Tung-Chen, Yale"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482483", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many patients with COVID-19, the clinical illness caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, exhibit mild symptoms and do not require hospitalization. Instead, these patients are often referred for 14-days of home isolation as symptoms resolve. Lung ultrasound is well-established as an important means of evaluating lung pathology in patients in the emergency department and in intensive care units. Ultrasound is also being used to assess admitted patients with COVID-19. However, data on the progression of sonographic findings in patients with COVID-19 on home isolation is lacking. Here we present a case series of a group of physician patients with COVID-19 who monitored themselves daily while in home isolation using lung point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS). Lung POCUS findings corresponded with symptom onset and resolution in all 3 patients with confirmed COVID-19 during the 14-day isolation period. Lung POCUS may offer a feasible means of monitoring patients with COVID-19 who are on home isolation. Further studies correlating sonographic findings to disease progression and prognosis will be valuable."}, {"pmid": 32406084, "pmcid": "PMC7272870", "title": "COVID-19 IN THE LONG-TERM CARE SETTING: THE CMS PERSPECTIVE.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Levitt, Alan F", "Ling, Shari M"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406084", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Safeguarding the health and promoting the well-being and quality of life of the most vulnerable and fragile citizens is a top priority for the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). In response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, numerous regulatory policies and 1,135 waivers of federal requirements have been implemented by CMS to give long-term care providers and professionals flexibility to meet the demands of resident and patient care needs during this public health emergency. Goals for these policies and waivers are increasing capacity, enhancing workforce and capability, improving oversight and transparency, preventing COVID-19 transmission, and reducing provider burden."}, {"pmid": 32381641, "title": "Performance Characteristics of the Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG Assay and Seroprevalence in Boise, Idaho.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Bryan, Andrew", "Pepper, Gregory", "Wener, Mark H", "Fink, Susan L", "Morishima, Chihiro", "Chaudhary, Anu", "Jerome, Keith R", "Mathias, Patrick C", "Greninger, Alexander L"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381641", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID19), the novel respiratory illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is associated with severe morbidity and mortality. The rollout of diagnostic testing in the United States was slow, leading to numerous cases that were not tested for SARS-CoV-2 in February and March 2020, necessitating the use of serological testing to determine past infections. Here, we evaluated the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG test for detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies by testing 3 distinct patient populations. We tested 1,020 serum specimens collected prior to SARS-CoV-2 circulation in the United States and found one false positive, indicating a specificity of 99.90%. We tested 125 patients who tested RT-PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2 for which 689 excess serum specimens were available and found sensitivity reached 100% at day 17 after symptom onset and day 13 after PCR positivity. Alternative index value thresholds for positivity resulted in 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity in this cohort. We tested 4,856 individuals from Boise, Idaho collected over one week in April 2020 as part of the Crush the Curve initiative and detected 87 positives for a positivity rate of 1.79%. These data demonstrate excellent analytical performance of the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG test as well as the limited circulation of the virus in the western United States. We expect the availability of high-quality serological testing will be a key tool in the fight against SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32418455, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ongoing cardiovascular research projects: considerations and adaptations.", "journal": "Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs", "authors": ["Van Bulck, Liesbet", "Kovacs, Adrienne H", "Goossens, Eva", "Luyckx, Koen", "Jaarsma, Tiny", "Stromberg, Anna", "Moons, Philip"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418455", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454137, "pmcid": "PMC7255176", "title": "Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in a psychiatric Covid-19 patient: A case report.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Panariello, Adelaide", "Bassetti, Roberta", "Radice, Anna", "Rossotti, Roberto", "Puoti, Massimo", "Corradin, Matteo", "Moreno, Mauro", "Percudani, Mauro"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454137", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267538, "pmcid": "PMC7262210", "title": "American Geriatrics Society Policy Brief: COVID-19 and Nursing Homes.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267538", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This policy brief sets forth the American Geriatrics Society's (AGS's) recommendations to guide federal, state, and local governments when making decisions about care for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in nursing homes (NHs) and other long-term care facilities (LTCFs). The AGS continues to review guidance set forth in peer-reviewed articles and editorials, as well as ongoing and updated guidance from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and other key agencies. This brief is based on the situation and any federal guidance/actions as of April 4, 2020. It is focused on NHs and other LTCFs, given their essential role in addressing the COVID-19 pandemic. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:908-911, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32292319, "pmcid": "PMC7105962", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): we shall overcome.", "journal": "Clean Technol Environ Policy", "authors": ["Bandyopadhyay, Santanu"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292319", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366619, "title": "Implications for COVID-19 triage from the ICNARC report of 2204 COVID-19 cases managed in UK adult intensive care units.", "journal": "Emerg Med J", "authors": ["Shovlin, Claire L", "Vizcaychipi, Marcela P"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366619", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504025, "title": "High-profile coronavirus retractions raise concerns about data oversight.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Ledford, Heidi", "Van Noorden, Richard"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504025", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493742, "title": "Diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Boodman, Carl", "Lagace-Wiens, Philippe", "Bullard, Jared"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493742", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444693, "pmcid": "PMC7243952", "title": "RAAS inhibitors do not increase the risk of COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Rev Cardiol", "authors": ["Fernandez-Ruiz, Irene"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444693", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350026, "pmcid": "PMC7217652", "title": "Guillain-Barre syndrome related to COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm", "authors": ["Alberti, Paola", "Beretta, Simone", "Piatti, Marco", "Karantzoulis, Aristotelis", "Piatti, Maria Luisa", "Santoro, Patrizia", "Vigano, Martina", "Giovannelli, Ginevra", "Pirro, Fiammetta", "Montisano, Danilo Antonio", "Appollonio, Ildebrando", "Ferrarese, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350026", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424634, "pmcid": "PMC7233190", "title": "Antagonizing the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Sarzani, Riccardo", "Giulietti, Federico", "Di Pentima, Chiara", "Filipponi, Andrea", "Spannella, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424634", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389803, "pmcid": "PMC7206419", "title": "Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation with Cryopreserved Grafts for Severe Aplastic Anemia.", "journal": "Biol Blood Marrow Transplant", "authors": ["Eapen, Mary", "Zhang, Mei-Jie", "Tang, Xiao-Ying", "Lee, Stephanie J", "Fei, Ming-Wei", "Wang, Hai-Lin", "Hebert, Kyle M", "Arora, Mukta", "Chhabra, Saurabh", "Devine, Steven M", "Hamadani, Mehdi", "D'Souza, Anita", "Pasquini, Marcelo C", "Phelan, Rachel", "Rizzo, J Douglas", "Saber, Wael", "Shaw, Bronwen E", "Weisdorf, Daniel J", "Horowitz, Mary M"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389803", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing barriers to the collection and transport of donor cells, it is often necessary to collect and cryopreserve grafts before initiation of transplantation conditioning. The effect on transplantation outcomes in nonmalignant disease is unknown. This analysis examined the effect of cryopreservation of related and unrelated donor grafts for transplantation for severe aplastic anemia in the United States during 2013 to 2019. Included are 52 recipients of cryopreserved grafts who were matched for age, donor type, and graft type to 194 recipients who received noncryopreserved grafts. Marginal Cox regression models were built to study the effect of cryopreservation and other risk factors associated with outcomes. We recorded higher 1-year rates of graft failure (hazard ratio [HR], 2.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.17 to 4.35; P\u00a0=\u00a0.01) and of 1-year overall mortality (HR, 3.13; 95% CI, 1.60 to 6.11; P\u00a0=\u00a0.0008) after transplantation of cryopreserved compared with noncryopreserved grafts, with adjustment for sex, performance score, comorbidity, cytomegalovirus serostatus, and ABO blood group match. The incidence of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease did not differ between the 2 groups. Adjusted probabilities of 1-year survival were 73% (95% CI, 60% to 84%) in the cryopreserved graft group and 91% (95% CI, 86% to 94%) in the noncryopreserved graft group. These data support the use of noncryopreserved grafts whenever possible in patients with severe aplastic anemia."}, {"pmid": 32479824, "pmcid": "PMC7256492", "title": "Baseline Disease Activity and Steroid Therapy Stratify Risk of COVID-19 in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Lukin, Dana J", "Kumar, Anand", "Hajifathalian, Kaveh", "Sharaiha, Reem Z", "Scherl, Ellen J", "Longman, Randy S"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479824", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305069, "pmcid": "PMC7162642", "title": "Protecting workers aged 60-69 years from COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Glynn, Judith R"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305069", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443021, "pmcid": "PMC7273955", "title": "COVID-19-A Guide to Rapid Implementation of Telehealth Services: A Playbook for the Pediatric Gastroenterologist.", "journal": "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr", "authors": ["Berg, Elizabeth A", "Picoraro, Joseph A", "Miller, Steven D", "Srinath, Arvind", "Franciosi, James P", "Hayes, Christopher E", "Farrell, Peter R", "Cole, Conrad R", "LeLeiko, Neal S"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443021", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407411, "pmcid": "PMC7224552", "title": "Geo-temporal distribution of 1,688 Chinese healthcare workers infected with COVID-19 in severe conditions-A secondary data analysis.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Gao, Wayne", "Sanna, Mattia", "Tsai, Min Kuang", "Wen, Chi Pang"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407411", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak is posing an unprecedented challenge to healthcare workers. This study analyzes the geo-temporal effects on disease severity for the 1,688 Chinese healthcare workers infected with COVID-19. Using the descriptive results recently reported by the Chinese CDC, we compare the percentage of infected healthcare workers in severe conditions over time and across three areas in China, and the fatality rate of infected healthcare workers with all the infected individuals in China aged 22-59 years. Among the infected Chinese healthcare workers whose symptoms onset appeared during the same ten-day period, the percentage of those in severe conditions decreased significantly from 19.7% (Jan 11-20) to 14.4% (Jan 21-31) to 8.7% (Feb 1-11). Across the country, there was also a significant difference in the disease severity, with Wuhan being the most severe (17.3%), followed by Hubei Province (10.2%), and the rest of China (6.6%). The case fatality rate for the 1,688 infected Chinese healthcare workers was significantly lower than that for the 29,798 infected patients aged 20-59 years-0.3% (5/1,688) vs. 0.65% (193/29,798), respectively. The disease severity among infected healthcare workers improved considerably over a short period of time in China. The more severe conditions in Wuhan compared to the rest of the country may be attributable to the draconian lockdown. The clinical outcomes of infected Chinese healthcare workers may represent a more accurate estimation of the severity of COVID-19 for those who have access to quality healthcare."}, {"pmid": 32525565, "title": "Elevated expression of ACE2 in tumor-adjacent normal tissues of cancer patients.", "journal": "Int J Cancer", "authors": ["Winkler, Tom", "Ben-David, Uri"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525565", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525379, "title": "The paradox of social distancing: Implications for older adults in the context of COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Tyrrell, Caitlin J", "Williams, Kadija N"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525379", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Loneliness and social isolation have tangible effects on mental and physical health, particularly for older adults. Individuals over the age of 60 may be uniquely at risk of experiencing the impact of loneliness. Social distancing, an intervention intended to protect at-risk individuals such as older adults, may in fact introduce further complications to the health and well-being of older adults, who find themselves more isolated secondary to the pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32324898, "pmcid": "PMC7264575", "title": "Incidence of Adverse Drug Reactions in COVID-19 Patients in China: An Active Monitoring Study by Hospital Pharmacovigilance System.", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Sun, Ji", "Deng, Xuanyu", "Chen, Xiaoping", "Huang, Juanjuan", "Huang, Siqiong", "Li, Yanfei", "Feng, Jinhui", "Liu, Jiyang", "He, Gefei"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324898", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the incidence, type, and risk factors associated with adverse drug reactions (ADRs) among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by Hospital Pharmacovigilance System (CHPS). A retrospective analysis was performed on 217 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the First Hospital of Changsha in China, from January 17, 2020, to February 29, 2020. The active monitoring model in CHPS was used to detect ADR signals of the hospital information system. The risk factors for the ADRs were classified using the World Health Organization-Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC) system. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were carried out to analyze the risk factors of ADRs. Our results showed that the prevalence of ADRs was 37.8% in the patients, which was predominated by drug-induced gastrointestinal disorders and liver system disorders (23.0% vs. 13.8%). The ADR could be explained by the use of lopinavir/ ritonavir and umifenovir by 63.8% and 18.1%, respectively. There were 96.8% of ADRs that occurred within 14\u00a0days of hospitalization. Multivariable analysis showed that length of stay (odds ratio (OR): 2.02; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-3.96; P\u00a0=\u00a00.04), number of drugs used in the hospital (OR: 3.17; 95% CI 1.60-6.27; P\u00a0=\u00a00.001) and underlying basic diseases (OR: 2.07; 95% CI 1.02-4.23; P\u00a0=\u00a00.04) were independent risk factor for ADRs in the patients. Together, the incidence of ADRs was significantly high during the treatment period. Moreover, the active monitoring of the CHPS system reflected ADRs during COVID-19 treatment in the real world, which provided reference for safe medication in the clinic."}, {"pmid": 32518171, "title": "Pediatric Critical Care and COVID19.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Gonzalez-Dambrauskas, Sebastian", "Vasquez-Hoyos, Pablo", "Camporesi, Anna", "Diaz-Rubio, Franco", "Pineres-Olave, Byron Enrique", "Fernandez-Sarmiento, Jaime", "Gertz, Shira", "Harwayne-Gidansky, Ilana", "Chse", "Pietroboni, Pietro", "Shein, Steven L", "Urbano, Javier", "Wegner, Adriana", "Zemanate, Eliana", "Karsies, Todd"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518171", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487347, "pmcid": "PMC7236691", "title": "Invasion Science and the Global Spread of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Trends Ecol Evol", "authors": ["Nunez, Martin A", "Pauchard, Anibal", "Ricciardi, Anthony"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487347", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emerging infectious diseases, such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), are driven by ecological and socioeconomic factors, and their rapid spread and devastating impacts mirror those of invasive species. Collaborations between biomedical researchers and ecologists, heretofore rare, are vital to limiting future outbreaks. Enhancing the crossdisciplinary framework offered by invasion science could achieve this goal."}, {"pmid": 32221172, "pmcid": "PMC7172559", "title": "Initial Clinical Impressions of the Critical Care of COVID-19 Patients in Seattle, New York City, and Chicago.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Sommer, Phillip", "Lukovic, Elvedin", "Fagley, Eliot", "Long, Dustin", "Sobol, Julia", "Heller, Katherine", "Moitra, Vivek", "Pauldine, Ronald", "O'Connor, Michael", "Shahul, Sajid", "Nunnally, Mark", "Tung, Avery"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221172", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first recognition of a cluster of novel respiratory viral infections in China in late December, 2019, intensivists in the United States have watched with growing concern as infections with the SARS-CoV-2 virus-now named Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) -have spread to hospitals in the United States (US). Because COVID-19 is extremely transmissible and can progress to a severe form of respiratory failure, the potential to overwhelm available critical care resources is high and critical care management of COVID-19 patients has been thrust into the spotlight.COVID-19 arrived in the United States in January and as anticipated has dramatically increased the usage of critical care resources. Three of the hardest hit cities have been Seattle, New York City, and Chicago with a combined total of over 14,000 cases as of March 23, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32503700, "pmcid": "PMC7129086", "title": "ASE Statement on Protection of Patients and Echocardiography Service Providers During the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak: Endorsed by the American College of Cardiology.", "journal": "J Am Soc Echocardiogr", "authors": ["Kirkpatrick, James N", "Mitchell, Carol", "Taub, Cynthia", "Kort, Smadar", "Hung, Judy", "Swaminathan, Madhav"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503700", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32310621, "pmcid": "PMC7158880", "title": "Coronavirus Infections in Children Including COVID-19: An Overview of the Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention Options in Children.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Zimmermann, Petra", "Curtis, Nigel"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310621", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large family of enveloped, single-stranded, zoonotic RNA viruses. Four CoVs commonly circulate among humans: HCoV2-229E, -HKU1, -NL63 and -OC43. However, CoVs can rapidly mutate and recombine leading to novel CoVs that can spread from animals to humans. The novel CoVs severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged in 2002 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012. The 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is currently causing a severe outbreak of disease (termed COVID-19) in China and multiple other countries, threatening to cause a global pandemic. In humans, CoVs mostly cause respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. Clinical manifestations range from a common cold to more severe disease such as bronchitis, pneumonia, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ failure and even death. SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 seem to less commonly affect children and to cause fewer symptoms and less severe disease in this age group compared with adults, and are associated with much lower case-fatality rates. Preliminary evidence suggests children are just as likely as adults to become infected with SARS-CoV-2 but are less likely to be symptomatic or develop severe symptoms. However, the importance of children in transmitting the virus remains uncertain. Children more often have gastrointestinal symptoms compared with adults. Most children with SARS-CoV present with fever, but this is not the case for the other novel CoVs. Many children affected by MERS-CoV are asymptomatic. The majority of children infected by novel CoVs have a documented household contact, often showing symptoms before them. In contrast, adults more often have a nosocomial exposure. In this review, we summarize epidemiologic, clinical and diagnostic findings, as well as treatment and prevention options for common circulating and novel CoVs infections in humans with a focus on infections in children."}, {"pmid": 32244017, "pmcid": "PMC7270927", "title": "Patients with advanced basal cell carcinomas in treatment with sonic hedgehog inhibitors during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) period: Management and adherence to treatment.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Villani, Alessia", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella", "Costa, Claudia", "Scalvenzi, Massimiliano"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32244017", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496262, "title": "Economics of COVID-19: challenges and the way forward for health policy during and after the pandemic.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Prinja, Shankar", "Pandav, Chandrakant S"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496262", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic provides unique challenges for health system. While on the one hand, the government has to struggle with the strategies for control of COVID-19, on the other hand, other routine health services also need to be managed. Second, the infrastructure needs to be augmented to meet the potential epidemic surge of cases. Third, economic welfare and household income need to be guaranteed. All of these have complicated the routine ways in which the governments have dealt with various trade-offs to determine the health and public policies. In this paper, we outline key economic principles for the government to consider for policymaking, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic rightfully places long due attention of policymakers for investing in health sector. The policy entrepreneurs and public health community should not miss this once-in-a-lifetime \"policy window\" to raise the level of advocacy for appropriate investment in health sector."}, {"pmid": 32216865, "pmcid": "PMC7156581", "title": "Translating COVID-19 Pandemic Surge Theory to Practice in the Emergency Department: How to Expand Structure.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Paganini, Matteo", "Conti, Andrea", "Weinstein, Eric", "Della Corte, Francesco", "Ragazzoni, Luca"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216865", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Multiple professional societies, nongovernment and government agencies have studied the science of sudden onset disaster mass casualty incidents to create and promote surge response guidelines. The COVID-19 pandemic has presented the health-care system with challenges that have limited science to guide the staff, stuff, and structure surge response.This study reviewed the available surge science literature specifically to guide an emergency department's surge structural response using a translational science approach to answer the question: How does the concept of sudden onset mass casualty incident surge capability apply to the process to expand COVID-19 pandemic surge structure response?The available surge structural science literature was reviewed to determine the application to a pandemic response. The on-line ahead of print and print COVID-19 scientific publications, as well as gray literature were studied to learn the best available COVID-19 surge structural response science. A checklist was created to guide the emergency department team's COVID-19 surge structural response."}, {"pmid": 32220878, "title": "Covid-19: Lack of PPE in care homes is risking spread of virus, leaders warn.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220878", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512491, "title": "COVID-19-related complications and decompression illness share main features.: Could the SARS-CoV2-related complications rely on blood foaming?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Denis, Pierre A"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512491", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A study by Saraiva et al. (2011) demonstrated the presence of Angiotensin II receptors on the erythrocyte membrane. This little-known information should be deemed as crucial as the SARS-CoV-2 relationships with oxygen saturation and the Renine Angiotensin System but it currently remains unexploited. The pulmonary and cardiovascular systems are involved in any typical complications of COVID-19 but numerous other unrelated symptoms may occur. To fill the gap, we shall first emphasize some similarities between the complications of this infectious disease and Decompression Illness (DCI), which involves bubble formation. We theorized that the Angiotensin II clearance by the red blood cells could trigger the release of its oxygen content in the bloodstream. The resulting foam would worsen the widespread endotheliitis, worsen the gas exchange, trigger the coagulation process, the inflammation process and the complement pathway as typically occurs in DCI. At the end, we propose a plausible mechanism."}, {"pmid": 32412897, "title": "Clinicopathologic and Immunohistochemical Findings from Autopsy of Patient with COVID-19, Japan.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Adachi, Takuya", "Chong, Ja-Mun", "Nakajima, Noriko", "Sano, Masahiro", "Yamazaki, Jun", "Miyamoto, Ippei", "Nishioka, Haruka", "Akita, Hidetaka", "Sato, Yuko", "Kataoka, Michiyo", "Katano, Harutaka", "Tobiume, Minoru", "Sekizuka, Tsuyoshi", "Itokawa, Kentaro", "Kuroda, Makoto", "Suzuki, Tadaki"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412897", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An autopsy of a patient in Japan with coronavirus disease indicated pneumonia lung pathology, manifested as diffuse alveolar damage. We detected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antigen in alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages. Coronavirus disease is essentially a lower respiratory tract disease characterized by direct viral injury of alveolar epithelial cells."}, {"pmid": 32327853, "pmcid": "PMC7177059", "title": "COVID-19: A Revelation - A reply to Ian Mitroff.", "journal": "Technol Forecast Soc Change", "authors": ["Chen, Zhuo"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327853", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is a rejoinder of Dr. Ian Mitroff's perspective titled \"Corona Virus: A Prime Example of A Wicked Mess\". While I agree with Dr. Mitroff on the complexity of the COVID-19 outbreak and the urgency to address it, I disagree with him on points related to the role of wet market in this specific outbreak and whether China had acknowledged the existence of the outbreak. I also consider key highlights of the outbreak are the importance of collaboration across national and state borders and a balance between privacy and public health under such situations."}, {"pmid": 32453695, "title": "Oncologic patient with COVID-19 discovered incidentally by PET/CT examination: (A COVID-19-pandemia orvosszakmai kerdesei)", "journal": "Orv Hetil", "authors": ["Czibor, Sandor", "Kristof, Emese", "Kecskes, Kinga", "Barra, Magdolna", "Szanto, Peter", "Maurovich-Horvat, Pal", "Gyorke, Tamas"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453695", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The scientific literature of coronavirus-disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly expanding. There is a growing evidence on the discrepancy between clinical symptoms and radiologic findings in many patients. This case report gives details about a patient with only mild symptoms but relatively severe radiological findings. The 75-year-old patient suffering from oncologic disease had a planned a F18-fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron-emission tomography/computer tomography scan with a routine oncological indication where incidental radiomorphologic findings of pneumonia suspect for COVID-19 were detected. After immediate isolation, the patient was transferred to the corresponding medical department, where further investigations verified the diagnosis of COVID-19. With this case, our aim is to raise the awareness for the importance of the instant evaluation of chest computer tomography series when performing planned imaging examination, especially in frail patients. With this practice, potential radiomorphologic findings of pneumonia suspect for COVID-19 could be identified in time, which fundamentally determines further patient management steps. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(23): 971-976."}, {"pmid": 32442880, "pmcid": "PMC7194061", "title": "Anxiety regarding contracting COVID-19 related to interoceptive anxiety sensations: The moderating role of disgust propensity and sensitivity.", "journal": "J Anxiety Disord", "authors": ["McKay, Dean", "Yang, Haibo", "Elhai, Jon", "Asmundson, Gordon J G"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442880", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 public health crisis has led to extensive recommendations by officials to contain its spread. Anxiety regarding contracting the virus is prominent in the public. Specific routes to anxiety over disease contraction are under studied. It is expected that a contributory feature of fear of contracting COVID-19 involve disgust propensity and sensitivity, emotional reactions that are part of a broader behavioral immune system (BIS). A total of N = 908 Chinese adults (mean age = 40.37 years, SD = 9.27; n = 752 female) participated in a survey distributed between February 24 and March 15, 2020. Participants completed measures of anxiety sensitivity, disgust propensity and sensitivity, and fear of contracting COVID-19. Results support a moderating relationship between both disgust propensity and sensitivity in the relationship between physical concerns associated with anxiety sensitivity and fear of contracting COVID-19. These results lend support for individual variation in the activation of the BIS. Recommendations for public education to target individuals who may experience mental health consequences from pandemics are provided."}, {"pmid": 32304110, "title": "Dosing will be a key success factor in repurposing antivirals for COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Clin Pharmacol", "authors": ["Smith, Patrick F", "Dodds, Michael", "Bentley, Darren", "Yeo, Karen", "Rayner, Craig"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304110", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363136, "pmcid": "PMC7194921", "title": "Crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein RNA binding domain reveals potential unique drug targeting sites.", "journal": "Acta Pharm Sin B", "authors": ["Kang, Sisi", "Yang, Mei", "Hong, Zhongsi", "Zhang, Liping", "Huang, Zhaoxia", "Chen, Xiaoxue", "He, Suhua", "Zhou, Ziliang", "Zhou, Zhechong", "Chen, Qiuyue", "Yan, Yan", "Zhang, Changsheng", "Shan, Hong", "Chen, Shoudeng"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363136", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus continually led to worldwide human infections and deaths. Currently, there is no specific viral protein-targeted therapeutics. Viral nucleocapsid protein is a potential antiviral drug target, serving multiple critical functions during the viral life cycle. However, the structural information of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein remains unclear. Herein, we have determined the 2.7 \u00c5 crystal structure of the N-terminal RNA binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. Although the overall structure is similar as other reported coronavirus nucleocapsid protein N-terminal domain, the surface electrostatic potential characteristics between them are distinct. Further comparison with mild virus type HCoV-OC43 equivalent domain demonstrates a unique potential RNA binding pocket alongside the \u03b2-sheet core. Complemented by in vitro binding studies, our data provide several atomic resolution features of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein N-terminal domain, guiding the design of novel antiviral agents specific targeting to SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32442278, "title": "Prioritizing infants in a time of Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine shortage caused by premature expectations against COVID-19.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Senoo, Yuki", "Suzuki, Yosuke", "Tsuda, Kenji", "Takahashi, Kenzo", "Tanimoto, Tetsuya"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442278", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414508, "pmcid": "PMC7180354", "title": "[What can we learn from the COVID-19 pandemic in general and about ourselves as dermatologists?]", "journal": "Ann Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Kluger, N"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414508", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391439, "pmcid": "PMC7200323", "title": "Modeling the trend of coronavirus disease 2019 and restoration of operational capability of metropolitan medical service in China: a machine learning and mathematical model-based analysis.", "journal": "Glob Health Res Policy", "authors": ["Liu, Zeye", "Huang, Shuai", "Lu, Wenlong", "Su, Zhanhao", "Yin, Xin", "Liang, Huiying", "Zhang, Hao"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391439", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To contain the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China, many unprecedented intervention measures are adopted by the government. However, these measures may interfere in the normal medical service. We sought to model the trend of COVID-19 and estimate the restoration of operational capability of metropolitan medical service in China. Real-time data of COVID-19 and population mobility data were extracted from open sources. SEIR (Susceptible, Exposed, Infectious, Recovered) and neural network models (NNs) were built to model disease trends in Wuhan, Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. Combined with public transportation data, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was used to estimate the accumulated demands for nonlocal hospitalization during the epidemic period in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. The number of infected people and deaths would increase by 45% and 567% respectively, given that the government only has implemented traffic control in Wuhan without additional medical professionals. The epidemic of Wuhan (measured by cumulative confirmed cases) was predicted to reach turning point at the end of March and end in later April, 2020. The outbreak in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou was predicted to end at the end of March and the medical service could be fully back to normal in middle of April. During the epidemic, the number of nonlocal inpatient hospitalizations decreased by 69.86%, 57.41% and 66.85% in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou respectively. After the end of epidemic, medical centers located in these metropolises may face 58,799 (95% CI 48926-67,232) additional hospitalization needs in the first month. The COVID-19 epidemic in China has been effectively contained and medical service across the country is expected to return to normal in April. However, the huge unmet medical needs for other diseases could result in massive migration of patients and their families, bringing tremendous challenges for medical service in major metropolis and disease control for the potential asymptomatic virus carrier."}, {"pmid": 32405544, "pmcid": "PMC7218385", "title": "Changes in Urology After the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Urol Focus", "authors": ["Margel, David", "Ber, Yaara"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405544", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the world. Urology needs to overcome these challenges. Our duty is to provide care under any circumstances and our privilege is to re-examine and advance our field. The use of novel communication and health technologies will ensure safety while maintaining high-quality care."}, {"pmid": 32473182, "pmcid": "PMC7255191", "title": "Impact of SARS-CoV2 (Covid-19) on dental practices: Economic analysis.", "journal": "J Dent", "authors": ["Schwendicke, Falk", "Krois, Joachim", "Gomez, Jesus"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473182", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To combat SARS-CoV2 (Covid-19), policy makers worldwide have adopted different policy alternatives, often including mitigation/suppression policies. We assessed the economic impact of such policies on dental practices in Germany using a modelling approach. A providers' perspective within German healthcare was taken, with two provider scenarios (low/high volume practice, low/high proportion of non-statutory insurance revenue, low/high staff pool and costs; S1 and S2 scenarios) being modelled. Providers' costs were estimated in different blocks (staff, material, laboratory, others). A telephone-based survey was conducted on 24th March to 2nd April 2020 on a random sample of 300 German dentists (response: n\u202f=\u202f146) to determine the experienced dental services utilization changes in these service blocks. A Markov model was constructed, following 100 practices in each scenario for a total of 365 days. Different Covid-19 mitigation/suppression periods (90 days: base-case, 45, 135 days: sensitivity analyses) were modelled. Monte-Carlo micro-simulation was performed and uncertainty introduced via probabilistic and univariate sensitivity analyses. Mitigation/suppression reduced utilization of all services, the most severe for prevention (-80 % in mean), periodontics (-76 %) and prosthetics (-70 %). Within the base-case, mean revenue reductions were 18.7 %/15.7 % from the public insurance, 18.7/18.6 % from private insurers and 19 %/19 % for out-of-pocket expenses in S1/S2, respectively. If the mitigation/suppression was upheld for 135 days, overall revenue decreased by 31 %/30 % in S1/S2, respectively. In this case, 29 %/12 % S1/S2 would have a negative net profit over the course of one year. Covid-19 and associated policies have profound economic effect on dental practices. Policy makers will want to consider our findings when designing governmental subsidy and safety nets with immediate and midterm economic relieve effects. Dentists may consider practice re-organization to reduce costs and maintain minimum profitability."}, {"pmid": 32389410, "pmcid": "PMC7175869", "title": "Prevention of Infection and Disruption of the Pathogen Transfer Chain in Elective Surgery.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["Chisari, Emanuele", "Krueger, Chad A", "Barnes, C Lowry", "Van Onsem, Stefaan", "Walter, William L", "Parvizi, Javad"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389410", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has caused us all to stop our normal activities and consider how we can safely return to caring for our patients. There are many common practices (such as an increased use of personal protective equipment) which we are all familiar with that can be easily incorporated into our daily routines. Other actions, such as cleaning more surfaces with solutions such as dilute povidone iodine or changing the air filtration systems used within operating room theaters, may require more extensive efforts on our behalf. In this article, we have attempted to highlight some of the changes that arthroplasty surgeons may need to instigate when we are able to resume elective joint arthroplasty procedures in an effort to disrupt the chain of pathogen transfer."}, {"pmid": 32209552, "title": "Helen Salisbury: Coronavirus diaries.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Salisbury, Helen"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209552", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507577, "title": "COVID-19 and Cerebral Hemorrhage: Proposed Mechanisms.", "journal": "J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Md Noh, Mohamad Syafeeq Faeez"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507577", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32197002, "title": "Covid-19 and the Stiff Upper Lip - The Pandemic Response in the United Kingdom.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Hunter, David J"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32197002", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425232, "pmcid": "PMC7233231", "title": "Roles of Clinical Pharmacists in Caring for Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease during COVID-19.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Bhat, Shubha", "Farraye, Francis A", "Moss, Alan"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425232", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514191, "pmcid": "PMC7265943", "title": "Medical certification of cause of death for COVID-19.", "journal": "Bull World Health Organ", "authors": ["Rao, Chalapati"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514191", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402156, "title": "Case 17-2020: A 68-Year-Old Man with Covid-19 and Acute Kidney Injury.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Sise, Meghan E", "Baggett, Meridale V", "Shepard, Jo-Anne O", "Stevens, Jacob S", "Rhee, Eugene P"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402156", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458969, "title": "Early Outpatient Treatment of Symptomatic, High-Risk Covid-19 Patients that Should be Ramped-Up Immediately as Key to the Pandemic Crisis.", "journal": "Am J Epidemiol", "authors": ["Risch, Harvey A"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458969", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "More than 1.6 million Americans have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 and >10 times that number carry antibodies to it. High-risk patients presenting with progressing symptomatic disease have only hospitalization treatment with its high mortality. An outpatient treatment that prevents hospitalization is desperately needed. Two candidate medications have been widely discussed: remdesivir, and hydroxychloroquine+azithromycin. Remdesivir has shown mild effectiveness in hospitalized inpatients, but no trials have been registered in outpatients. Hydroxychloroquine+azithromycin has been widely misrepresented in both clinical reports and public media, and outpatient trials results are not expected until September. Early outpatient illness is very different than later hospitalized florid disease and the treatments differ. Evidence about use of hydroxychloroquine alone, or of hydroxychloroquine+azithromycin in inpatients, is irrelevant concerning efficacy of the pair in early high-risk outpatient disease. Five studies, including two controlled clinical trials, have demonstrated significant major outpatient treatment efficacy. Hydroxychloroquine+azithromycin has been used as standard-of-care in more than 300,000 older adults with multicomorbidities, with estimated proportion diagnosed with cardiac arrhythmias attributable to the medications 47/100,000 users, of which estimated mortality is <20%, 9/100,000 users, compared to the 10,000 Americans now dying each week. These medications need to be widely available and promoted immediately for physicians to prescribe."}, {"pmid": 32428864, "pmcid": "PMC7214324", "title": "Angiotensin converting enzyme-2 as therapeutic target in COVID-19.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Roshanravan, Neda", "Ghaffari, Samad", "Hedayati, Mehdi"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428864", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global health emergency that poses a significant threat to world people's health. This outbreak causes major challenges to healthcare systems. Given the lack of effective treatments or vaccine for it, the identification of novel and safe drugs against COVID-19 infection is an urgent need. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is not only an entry receptor of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the virus that causes COVID-19, but also can protect from lung injury. In this view, we highlighted potential approaches to address ACE2-mediated SARS-CoV-2 virus, including 1) delivering an excessive soluble form of ACE2 (recombinant human ACE2: rhACE2) and 2) inhibition of the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 virus and ACE2 by some compounds with competitive effects (morphine and codeine). Further clinical trials in this regard can reveal a more definite conclusion against the COVID-19 disaster."}, {"pmid": 32298045, "pmcid": "PMC7262366", "title": "COVID-19: 2020 a year in turmoil.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Lillicrap, David", "Morrissey, James H"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298045", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339886, "pmcid": "PMC7194883", "title": "New challenges in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Psychosom Res", "authors": ["Fiedorowicz, Jess G"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339886", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305181, "pmcid": "PMC7138149", "title": "ESPEN expert statements and practical guidance for nutritional management of individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Clin Nutr", "authors": ["Barazzoni, Rocco", "Bischoff, Stephan C", "Breda, Joao", "Wickramasinghe, Kremlin", "Krznaric, Zeljko", "Nitzan, Dorit", "Pirlich, Matthias", "Singer, Pierre"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305181", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemics is posing unprecedented challenges and threats to patients and healthcare systems worldwide. Acute respiratory complications that require intensive care unit (ICU) management are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Patients with worst outcomes and higher mortality are reported to include immunocompromised subjects, namely older adults and polymorbid individuals and malnourished people in general. ICU stay, polymorbidity and older age are all commonly associated with high risk for malnutrition, representing per se a relevant risk factor for higher morbidity and mortality in chronic and acute disease. Also importantly, prolonged ICU stays are reported to be required for COVID-19 patients stabilization, and longer ICU stay may per se directly worsen or cause malnutrition, with severe loss of skeletal muscle mass and function which may lead to disability, poor quality of life and additional morbidity. Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of malnutrition should therefore be routinely included in the management of COVID-19 patients. In the current document, the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) aims at providing concise guidance for nutritional management of COVID-19 patients by proposing 10 practical recommendations. The practical guidance is focused to those in the ICU setting or in the presence of older age and polymorbidity, which are independently associated with malnutrition and its negative impact on patient survival."}, {"pmid": 32522768, "title": "CNS inflammatory vasculopathy with antimyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies in COVID-19.", "journal": "Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm", "authors": ["Pinto, Ashwin A", "Carroll, Liam S", "Nar, Vijay", "Varatharaj, Aravinthan", "Galea, Ian"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522768", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317202, "pmcid": "PMC7158762", "title": "Areas of academic research with the impact of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Haleem, Abid", "Javaid, Mohd", "Vaishya, Raju", "Deshmukh, S G"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317202", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus (COVID-19) endemic is growing exponentially in the whole world. Researchers, technologists, doctors and other healthcare workers are working day and night on the development of vaccine and medicinesto control and treat this virus. SARS-CoV-2 is the name of the virus responsible for causing COVID-19 disease, which is highly infectious and lethal.With exponentially increasing infections, proportionate fatalities are being reported both from developed and under developed countries. As of today, more than one million people across the world have been reported infected with this virus, and more than 65,000 people have died of this disease. Hence, there is an urgent requirement for conducting academic research on several aspects of this highly contagious disease, to find effective means of containment and treatment of the disease, for now, and in future. We have identified some opportunities for academic research related to COVID-19 and have also provided suggestions to contain, prevent and treat this viral infection."}, {"pmid": 32474558, "title": "A cluster of SARS-CoV-2 infection among Italian tourists visiting India, March 2020.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Vivian Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley", "Murhekar, Manoj", "Mehta, Yatin", "Kataria, Sushila", "Brijwal, Megha", "Gupta, Nitesh", "Choudhary, Aashish", "Malhotra, Bharati", "Vyas, Madhavi", "Sharma, Himanshu", "Yadav, Naveen", "Bhatnagar, Tarun", "Gupta, Nivedita", "Dar, Lalit", "Gangakhedkar, Raman R", "Bhargava, Balram"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474558", "countries": ["India", "Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A cluster of SARS-CoV-2 infection occurred among Italian tourists visiting India. We report here the epidemiological, clinical, radiological and laboratory findings of the first cluster of SARS-CoV-2 infection among the tourists. Information was collected on demographic details, travel and exposure history, comorbidities, timelines of events, date of symptom onset and duration of hospitalization from the 16 Italian tourists and an Indian with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. The clinical, laboratory, radiologic and treatment data was abstracted from their medical records and all tourists were followed up till their recovery or discharge or death. Throat and deep nasal swab specimens were collected on days 3, 8, 15, 18, 23 and 25 to evaluate viral clearance. A group of 23 Italian tourists reached New Delhi, India, on February 21, 2020 and along with three Indians visited several tourist places in Rajasthan. By March 3, 2020, 17 of the 26 (attack rate: 65.4%) had become positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of these 17 patients, nine were symptomatic, while eight did not show any symptoms. Of the nine who developed symptoms, six were mild, one was severe and two were critically ill. The median duration between the day of confirmation for COVID-19 and RT-PCR negativity was 18 days (range: 12-23 days). Two patients died with a case fatality of 11.8 per cent. This study reconfirms higher rates of transmission among close contacts and therefore, public health measures such as physical distancing, personal hygiene and infection control measures are necessary to prevent transmission."}, {"pmid": 32513659, "title": "Characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women admitted to hospital with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in UK: national population based cohort study.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Knight, Marian", "Bunch, Kathryn", "Vousden, Nicola", "Morris, Edward", "Simpson, Nigel", "Gale, Chris", "O'Brien, Patrick", "Quigley, Maria", "Brocklehurst, Peter", "Kurinczuk, Jennifer J"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513659", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe a national cohort of pregnant women admitted to hospital with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the UK, identify factors associated with infection, and describe outcomes, including transmission of infection, for mothers and infants. Prospective national population based cohort study using the UK Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS). All 194 obstetric units in the UK. 427 pregnant women admitted to hospital with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between 1 March 2020 and 14 April 2020. Incidence of maternal hospital admission and infant infection. Rates of maternal death, level 3 critical care unit admission, fetal loss, caesarean birth, preterm birth, stillbirth, early neonatal death, and neonatal unit admission. The estimated incidence of admission to hospital with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy was 4.9 (95% confidence interval 4.5 to 5.4) per 1000 maternities. 233 (56%) pregnant women admitted to hospital with SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy were from black or other ethnic minority groups, 281 (69%) were overweight or obese, 175 (41%) were aged 35 or over, and 145 (34%) had pre-existing comorbidities. 266 (62%) women gave birth or had a pregnancy loss; 196 (73%) gave birth at term. Forty one (10%) women admitted to hospital needed respiratory support, and five (1%) women died. Twelve (5%) of 265 infants tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, six of them within the first 12 hours after birth. Most pregnant women admitted to hospital with SARS-CoV-2 infection were in the late second or third trimester, supporting guidance for continued social distancing measures in later pregnancy. Most had good outcomes, and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to infants was uncommon. The high proportion of women from black or minority ethnic groups admitted with infection needs urgent investigation and explanation. ISRCTN 40092247."}, {"pmid": 32341524, "pmcid": "PMC7184542", "title": "Cancer and COVID-19 - potentially deleterious effects of delaying radiotherapy.", "journal": "Nat Rev Clin Oncol", "authors": ["Nagar, Himanshu", "Formenti, Silvia C"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341524", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339998, "pmcid": "PMC7199803", "title": "Turning the Crisis Into an Opportunity: Digital Health Strategies Deployed During the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Perez Sust, Pol", "Solans, Oscar", "Fajardo, Joan Carles", "Medina Peralta, Manuel", "Rodenas, Pepi", "Gabalda, Jordi", "Garcia Eroles, Luis", "Comella, Adria", "Velasco Munoz, Cesar", "Sallent Ribes, Josue", "Roma Monfa, Rosa", "Piera-Jimenez, Jordi"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339998", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Digital health technologies offer significant opportunities to reshape current health care systems. From the adoption of electronic medical records to mobile health apps and other disruptive technologies, digital health solutions have promised a better quality of care at a more sustainable cost. However, the widescale adoption of these solutions is lagging behind. The most adverse scenarios often provide an opportunity to develop and test the capacity of digital health technologies to increase the efficiency of health care systems. Catalonia (Northeast Spain) is one of the most advanced regions in terms of digital health adoption across Europe. The region has a long tradition of health information exchange in the public health care sector and is currently implementing an ambitious digital health strategy. In this viewpoint, we discuss the crucial role digital health solutions play during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic to support public health policies. We also report on the strategies currently deployed at scale during the outbreak in Catalonia."}, {"pmid": 32283163, "pmcid": "PMC7151354", "title": "A potential inhibitory role for integrin in the receptor targeting of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Luan, Junwen", "Lu, Yue", "Gao, Shan", "Zhang, Leiliang"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283163", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432681, "title": "Nasal ACE2 Levels and COVID-19 in Children.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Patel, Ankit B", "Verma, Ashish"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432681", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371962, "title": "Going viral: how to boost the spread of coronavirus science on social media.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Yammine, Samantha"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371962", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522874, "title": "Genomic determinants of pathogenicity in SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Gussow, Ayal B", "Auslander, Noam", "Faure, Guilhem", "Wolf, Yuri I", "Zhang, Feng", "Koonin, Eugene V"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522874", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses an immediate, major threat to public health across the globe. Here we report an in-depth molecular analysis to reconstruct the evolutionary origins of the enhanced pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses that are severe human pathogens. Using integrated comparative genomics and machine learning techniques, we identify key genomic features that differentiate SARS-CoV-2 and the viruses behind the two previous deadly coronavirus outbreaks, SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), from less pathogenic coronaviruses. These features include enhancement of the nuclear localization signals in the nucleocapsid protein and distinct inserts in the spike glycoprotein that appear to be associated with high case fatality rate of these coronaviruses as well as the host switch from animals to humans. The identified features could be crucial contributors to coronavirus pathogenicity and possible targets for diagnostics, prognostication, and interventions."}, {"pmid": 32277023, "title": "A Method To Prevent SARS-CoV-2 IgM False Positives in Gold Immunochromatography and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Wang, Qiang", "Du, Qin", "Guo, Bin", "Mu, Daiyong", "Lu, Xiaolan", "Ma, Qiang", "Guo, Yangliu", "Fang, Li", "Zhang, Bing", "Zhang, Guoyuan", "Guo, Xiaolan"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277023", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We set out to investigate the interference factors that led to false-positive novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgM detection results using gold immunochromatography assay (GICA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the corresponding solutions. GICA and ELISA were used to detect SARS-CoV-2 IgM in 86 serum samples, including 5 influenza A virus (Flu A) IgM-positive sera, 5 influenza B virus (Flu B) IgM-positive sera, 5 Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM-positive sera, 5 Legionella pneumophila IgM-positive sera, 6 sera of HIV infection patients, 36 rheumatoid factor IgM (RF-IgM)-positive sera, 5 sera from hypertensive patients, 5 sera from diabetes mellitus patients, and 14 sera from novel coronavirus infection disease 19 (COVID-19) patients. The interference factors causing false-positive reactivity with the two methods were analyzed, and the urea dissociation test was employed to dissociate the SARS-CoV-2 IgM-positive serum using the best dissociation concentration. The two methods detected positive SARS-CoV-2 IgM in 22 mid-to-high-level-RF-IgM-positive sera and 14 sera from COVID-19 patients; the other 50 sera were negative. At a urea dissociation concentration of 6\u2009mol/liter, SARS-CoV-2 IgM results were positive in 1 mid-to-high-level-RF-IgM-positive serum and in 14 COVID-19 patient sera detected using GICA. At a urea dissociation concentration of 4\u2009mol/liter and with affinity index (AI) levels lower than 0.371 set to negative, SARS-CoV-2 IgM results were positive in 3 mid-to-high-level-RF-IgM-positive sera and in 14 COVID-19 patient sera detected using ELISA. The presence of RF-IgM at mid-to-high levels could lead to false-positive reactivity of SARS-CoV-2 IgM detected using GICA and ELISA, and urea dissociation tests would be helpful in reducing SARS-CoV-2 IgM false-positive results."}, {"pmid": 32525755, "title": "A Report of the Telepsychiatric Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Patients.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Zarghami, Arman", "Farjam, Mojtaba", "Fakhraei, Bahareh", "Hashemzadeh, Kosar", "Yazdanpanah, Mohammad Hosein"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525755", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                        Objective:\n                    \u00a0During the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, telemedicine has been brought to the forefront of attention. This report aimed to assess psychiatric comorbidities in COVID-19 patients by utilizing telepsychiatry.\n                        Methods:\n                    \u00a0COVID-19 patients admitted in Fasa University Hospital and nonhospitalized outpatients of Fasa city were interviewed by a psychiatrist through video chat for a 1-month period (March-April, 2020). Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7), and Perceived Stress Scale-14 (PSS 14) questionnaires were administered for all patients. Each patient's mental status was recorded, and if any psychiatric problem was diagnosed, supportive psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and follow-up visits based on the patient's condition were started.\n                        Result:\n                    \u00a0From a total of 82 COVID-19 patients who entered the study, 32 (39.03%) and 50 (60.97%) subjects were inpatients and outpatients, respectively. Moreover, 32 (39.03%) subjects were male and 50 (60.97%) were female. Insomnia seen in 24 (29.3%) patients and adjustment disorder in 13 (15.9%) patients were the most common psychiatric disorders among a total of 33 (40.2%) patients suffering from mental illness. Female and hospitalized patients presented significantly more frequent comorbidities than males and outpatients.\n                        Conclusions:\n                    \u00a0Psychiatric disorders were significantly more common in patients with hospital admission than those without and more frequent in female versus male subjects. There were no significant differences between male and female subjects with and without admission according to the PHQ-9, GAD-7, and PSS-14 scores. It was concluded that telepsychiatry in the early stages of mental problems during a catastrophic event like the coronavirus pandemic, can be an efficient instrument for the screening of psychosomatic comorbidities, so that pharmacological treatment (considering possible drug interactions with COVID-19 medications) and psychotherapeutic intervention can be optimized by psychiatrists."}, {"pmid": 32470522, "pmcid": "PMC7255225", "title": "Rethinking Respiratory Function Test Lab in the Era of COVID-19 : considerations about the \"today\" and the \"day after\".", "journal": "Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol", "authors": ["Carlo, Lombardi", "Manlio, Milanese", "Marcello, Cottini"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470522", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476305, "pmcid": "PMC7261698", "title": "The Burden of Disease due to COVID-19 in Korea Using Disability-Adjusted Life Years.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Jo, Min Woo", "Go, Dun Sol", "Kim, Rhieun", "Lee, Seung Won", "Ock, Minsu", "Kim, Young Eun", "Oh, In Hwan", "Yoon, Seok Jun", "Park, Hyesook"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476305", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is currently experiencing a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In Korea, as in other countries, the number of confirmed cases and deaths due to COVID-19 have been rising. This study aimed to calculate the burden of disease due to COVID-19 in Korea. We used data on confirmed cases and deaths due to COVID-19 between January 20 and April 24, 2020 provided by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the local governments and the public media to determine disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) by sex and age. Morbidity was estimated directly among the confirmed, cured, and fatal cases. Disability weights were adopted from previous similar causes on the severity of COVID-19 for the years of life lived with disability (YLDs). The years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated using the standard life expectancy from the 2018 life tables for each sex and age. The YLDs were higher in females (155.2) than in males (105.1), but the YLLs were higher in males (1,274.3) than in females (996.4). The total disease burden attributable to COVID-19 in Korea during the study period, was estimated to be 2,531.0 DALYs, and 4.930 DALYs per 100,000 population. The YLDs and the YLLs constituted 10.3% and 89.7% of the total DALYs, respectively. The DALYs per 100,000 population were highest in people aged \u2265 80 years, followed by those aged 70-79, 60-69, and 50-59 years, but the incidence was the highest in individuals aged 20-29 years. This study provided the estimates of DALYs due to COVID-19 in Korea. Most of the disease burden from COVID-19 was derived from YLL; this indicates that decision-makers should focus and make an effort on reducing fatality for preparing the second wave of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32330540, "pmcid": "PMC7172712", "title": "Management of hepatocellular carcinoma in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Oncol", "authors": ["Iavarone, M", "Sangiovanni, A", "Carrafiello, G", "Rossi, G", "Lampertico, P"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330540", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307831, "pmcid": "PMC7264524", "title": "Tele(oral)medicine: A new approach during the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Villa, Alessandro", "Sankar, Vidya", "Shiboski, Caroline"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307831", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496260, "title": "Rational use of face mask in a tertiary care hospital setting during COVID-19 pandemic: An observational study.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Supehia, Sakshi", "Singh, Vanya", "Sharma, Twinkle", "Khapre, Meenakshi", "Gupta, Puneet Kumar"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496260", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Masks play a role in the protection of health-care workers (HCWs) from acquiring respiratory infections, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in health-care settings. This observational study was conducted among 382 HCWs in a tertiary care setting over a period of 1 month. Descriptive analysis was done to assess the rational and recommended use of masks/respirators during COVID-19 pandemic using a structured observation checklist as a survey tool. A total of 374 HCWs were included, 64.9% of whom were using face masks rationally as mentioned per risk area categorization with a predominance of triple-layered mask during all 4 weeks. Overall, 64.1% used masks correctly. Clear guidelines and strategies can help to increase the compliance of HCWs with rational use of face masks."}, {"pmid": 32519568, "title": "The medico-legal implications in medical malpractice claims during Covid-19 pandemic: Increase or trend reversal?", "journal": "Med Leg J", "authors": ["Zerbo, Clio Bilotta Stefania", "Perrone, Giulio", "Malta, Ginerva", "Argo, Antonella"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519568", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic caused a marked increase in admissions to intensive care units. The critically ill patients' condition from the infection resulted in their deaths. The healthcare facilities have got into trouble because of the pandemic. In fact, they had to create additional beds in a very short time and to protect health workers with personal protective equipment. Healthcare professionals fear that there will be an increase in complaints and medico-legal malpractice claims and hence they have urged politicians to discuss this. The Italian Parliament recently debated the topic of medical liability and passed the Decree-Law no. 18 of 17 March 2020 (DL - so called Cura Italia) by which they want to extend the concept of \"gross negligence\" to healthcare facilities. Several Extended Care Units have suffered from outbreaks of Covid-19, so the Prosecutor's Office of several cities initiated investigations against them. This situation has reached Sicily, where the Prosecutor's Office of Palermo has opened an inquiry against an Extended Care Unit. Simultaneously, the Covid-19 pandemic may change patients' attitudes towards healthcare professionals, who are risking their lives daily. So the Italian medico-legal community is debating these questions, with one last pending question remaining: is the number of medico-legal claims likely to increase or trend down?"}, {"pmid": 32330533, "pmcid": "PMC7172813", "title": "Telemedicine and eConsults for Hospitalized Patients During COVID-19.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Gadzinski, Adam J", "Andino, Juan J", "Odisho, Anobel Y", "Watts, Kara L", "Gore, John L", "Ellimoottil, Chad"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330533", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32062645, "title": "Challenges to the system of reserve medical supplies for public health emergencies: reflections on the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic in China.", "journal": "Biosci Trends", "authors": ["Wang, Xu", "Zhang, Xiaoxi", "He, Jiangjiang"], "date": "2020-02-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32062645", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On December 31, 2019, the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission announced an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), China is now at a critical period in the control of the epidemic. The Chinese Government has been taking a series of rapid, comprehensive, and effective prevention and control measures. As the pandemic has developed, a fact has become apparent: there is a serious dearth of emergency medical supplies, and especially an extreme shortage of personal protective equipment such as masks and medical protective clothing. This is one of the major factors affecting the progress of epidemic prevention and control. Although China has made great efforts to strengthen the ability to quickly respond to public health emergencies since the SARS outbreak in 2003 and it has clarified requirements for emergency supplies through legislation, the emergency reserve supplies program has not been effectively implemented, and there are also deficiencies in the types, quantity, and availability of emergency medical supplies. A sound system of emergency reserve supplies is crucial to the management of public health emergencies. Based on international experiences with pandemic control, the world should emphasize improving the system of emergency reserve medical supplies in the process of establishing and improving public health emergency response systems, and it should promote the establishment of international cooperative programs to jointly deal with public health emergencies of international concern in the future."}, {"pmid": 32452648, "title": "Estimating the serial interval of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) based on the public surveillance data in Shenzhen, China from January 19 to February 22, 2020.", "journal": "Transbound Emerg Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Kai", "Zhao, Shi", "Liao, Ying", "Zhao, Tiantian", "Wang, Xiaoyan", "Zhang, Xueliang", "Jiao, Haiyan", "Li, Huling", "Yin, Yi", "Wang, Maggie H", "Xiao, Li", "Wang, Lei", "He, Daihai"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452648", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) poses serious threat to global public health and economics. Serial interval (SI), time between the symptom onsets of a primary case and a second case, is a key epidemiological parameter. We estimated SI of COVID-19 in Shenzhen, China based on 27 records of transmission chains. We adopted three parametric models: Weibull, Lognormal and Gamma distributions and an interval censored likelihood framework. The three models were compared using the corrected Akaike information criterion (AICc). We also fitted the epidemic curve of COVID-19 to the exponential growth to estimate the reproduction number. Using a Weibull distribution, we estimated mean SI at 5.9 days (95%CI: 3.9-9.6) and a standard deviation (SD) at 4.8 days (95%CI: 3.1-10.1). Using a logistic growth model, we estimated the basic reproduction number in Shenzhen at 2.6 (95%CI: 2.4-2.8). The SI of COVID-19 is relative shorter than that of SARS and MERS, other two beta coronavirus diseases, which suggests the iteration of the transmission was rapid. It is crucial to isolate close contacts promptly to control the spread of COVID-19 effectively."}, {"pmid": 32335584, "title": "Let Us Fight Together against COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Nepal Health Res Counc", "authors": ["Hamal, Pawan Kumar", "Dangal, Ganesh", "Gyanwali, Pradip", "Jha, Anjani Kumar"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335584", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "NA."}, {"pmid": 32532348, "title": "A valuable and affordable handheld ultrasound in combating COVID-19.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Qian, Feng", "Zhou, Xueqin", "Zhou, Jianqiao", "Liu, Zhenhua", "Nie, Qian"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532348", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The handheld ultrasound demonstrates clinical and economic value in combating COVID-19 based on interviews with frontline ultrasound physician and cardiologist as well as a national expert in medical ultrasound."}, {"pmid": 32228825, "title": "How to reduce the likelihood of coronavirus-19 (CoV-19 or SARS-CoV-2) infection and lung inflammation mediated by IL-1.", "journal": "J Biol Regul Homeost Agents", "authors": ["Conti, P", "Gallenga, C E", "Tete, G", "Caraffa, Al", "Ronconi, G", "Younes, A", "Toniato, E", "Ross, R", "Kritas, S K"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32228825", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, also referred to as CoV-19, is an RNA virus which can cause severe acute respiratory diseases (COVID-19), with serious infection of the lower respiratory tract followed by bronchitis, pneumonia and fibrosis. The severity of the disease depends on the efficiency of the immune system which, if it is weak, cannot stem the infection and its symptoms. The new CoV-19 spreads in the population at a rate of 0.8-3% more than normal flu and mostly affects men, since immune genes are more expressed on the X chromosome.  If CoV-19 would spread with a higher incidence rate (over 10%), and affect the people who live in closed communities such as islands, it would cause many more deaths. Moreover, people from the poorest classes are most at risk because of lack of health care and should be given more assistance by the competent authorities. To avoid the aggravation of CoV-19 infection, and the collapse of the health system, individuals should remain at home in quarantine for a period of approximately one month in order to limit viral transmission. In the case of a pandemic, the severe shortage of respirators and protective clothing, due to the enormous demand and insufficient production, could lead the CoV-19 to kill a large number of individuals. At present, there is no drug capable of treating CoV-19 flu, the only therapeutic remedies are those aimed at the side effects caused by the virus, such as inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis, recognized as the first causes of death. One of the COVID-19 treatments involves inhaling a mixture of gaseous hydrogen and oxygen, obtaining better results than with oxygen alone. It was also noted that individuals vaccinated for viral and/or bacterial infectious diseases were less likely to become infected. In addition, germicidal UV radiation \"breaks down\" the oxygen O2 which then aggregate into O3 (ozone) molecules creating the ozone layer, capable of inhibiting viral replication and improving lung respiration. All these precautions should be taken into consideration to lower the risk of infection by CoV-19. New anti-viral therapies with new drugs should also be taken into consideration. For example, microbes are known to bind TLR, inducing IL-1, a pleiotropic cytokine, highly inflammatory, mediator of fever and fibrosis. Therefore, drugs that suppress IL-1 or IL-1R, also used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis are to be taken into consideration to treat COVID-19. We strongly believe that all these devices described above can lead to greater survival and. therefore, reduction in mortality in patients infected with CoV-19."}, {"pmid": 32430088, "pmcid": "PMC7251286", "title": "The prevalence and influencing factors in anxiety in medical workers fighting COVID-19 in China: a cross-sectional survey.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Liu, Chen-Yun", "Yang, Yun-Zhi", "Zhang, Xiao-Ming", "Xu, Xinying", "Dou, Qing-Li", "Zhang, Wen-Wu", "Cheng, Andy S K"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430088", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2 virus) has been sustained in China since December 2019, and has become a pandemic. The mental health of frontline medical staff is a concern. In this study, we aimed to identify the factors influencing medical worker anxiety in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. We conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate the prevalence of anxiety among medical staff in China from 10 February 2020 to 20 February 2020 using the Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) to assess anxiety, with the criteria of normal (\u2a7d49), mild (50-59), moderate (60-70) and severe anxiety (\u2a7e70). We used multivariable linear regression to determine the factors (e.g. having direct contact when treating infected patients, being a medical staff worker from Hubei province, being a suspect case) for anxiety. We also used adjusted models to confirm independent factors for anxiety after adjusting for gender, age, education and marital status. Of 512 medical staff in China, 164 (32.03%) had had direct contact treating infected patients. The prevalence of anxiety was 12.5%, with 53 workers suffering from mild (10.35%), seven workers suffering from moderate (1.36%) and four workers suffering from severe anxiety (0.78%). After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics (gender, age, education and marital status), medical staff who had had direct contact treating infected patients experienced higher anxiety scores than those who had not had direct contact (\u03b2 value = 2.33, confidence interval (CI) 0.65-4.00; P = 0.0068). A similar trend was observed in medical staff from Hubei province, compared with those from other parts of China (\u03b2 value = 3.67, CI 1.44-5.89; P = 0.0013). The most important variable was suspect cases with high anxiety scores, compared to non-suspect cases (\u03b2 value = 4.44, CI 1.55-7.33; P = 0.0028). In this survey of hospital medical workers during the COVID-19 outbreak in China, we found that study participants experienced anxiety symptoms, especially those who had direct clinical contact with infected patients; as did those in the worst affected areas, including Hubei province; and those who were suspect cases. Governments and healthcare authorities should proactively implement appropriate psychological intervention programmes, to prevent, alleviate or treat increased anxiety."}, {"pmid": 32360057, "pmcid": "PMC7165298", "title": "Clarifying appropriate personal protective equipment for obstetric anaesthetists amongst controversy and confusion in COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Lucas, Nuala", "Bampoe, Sohail", "Odor, Peter M"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360057", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474476, "title": "Risk of using hydroxychloroquine as a treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Risk Saf Med", "authors": ["Alanagreh, Lo'ai", "Alzoughool, Foad", "Atoum, Manar"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474476", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emerging COVID-19 pandemic poses a threat to the global health care system. Given the lack of antiviral therapies or vaccines for the disease, the antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) obtained much attention as a treatment for COVID-19. However, there are limited and uncertain clinical data to support the beneficial effect of this drug in COVID-19 treatment. HCQ has several side effects and warnings, including blindness, heart failure, and renal toxicity, even with recommended doses. For severe cases of COVID-19 or in patients with preexisting conditions, administering such a drug could be fatal, particularly when taken at high doses or in combination with other antibiotics. However, further well-designed studies that would address the optimal dose, duration of treatment, possible side effects, and long-term usage outcomes are needed to make the final decision. In this paper, we aim to discuss the risk of using HCQ in treating COVID-19 patients, including its possible side effects."}, {"pmid": 32222820, "pmcid": "PMC7103098", "title": "Neurosurgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: update from Lombardy, northern Italy.", "journal": "Acta Neurochir (Wien)", "authors": ["Zoia, Cesare", "Bongetta, Daniele", "Veiceschi, Pierlorenzo", "Cenzato, Marco", "Di Meco, Francesco", "Locatelli, Davide", "Boeris, Davide", "Fontanella, Marco M"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222820", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298473, "pmcid": "PMC7262242", "title": "Clinical Best Practice Advice for Hepatology and Liver Transplant Providers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: AASLD Expert Panel Consensus Statement.", "journal": "Hepatology", "authors": ["Fix, Oren K", "Hameed, Bilal", "Fontana, Robert J", "Kwok, Ryan M", "McGuire, Brendan M", "Mulligan, David C", "Pratt, Daniel S", "Russo, Mark W", "Schilsky, Michael L", "Verna, Elizabeth C", "Loomba, Rohit", "Cohen, David E", "Bezerra, Jorge A", "Reddy, K Rajender", "Chung, Raymond T"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298473", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the illness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is rapidly spreading throughout the world. Hospitals and healthcare providers are preparing for the anticipated surge in critically ill patients but few are wholly equipped to manage this new disease. We all must do our part to prepare our patients, clinics, and hospitals for the drastic changes necessary to mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2 or we risk overwhelming the capacity of our healthcare system. The goals of this document are to provide data on what is currently known about COVID-19, and how it may impact hepatologists and liver transplant providers and their patients. Our aim is to provide a template for the development of clinical recommendations and policies to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on liver patients and healthcare providers."}, {"pmid": 32428342, "title": "Mental Health, Physical Activity, and Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease During COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Mov Disord", "authors": ["Shalash, Ali", "Roushdy, Tamer", "Essam, Mohamed", "Fathy, Mai", "Dawood, Noha L", "Abushady, Eman M", "Elrassas, Hanan", "Helmi, Asmaa", "Hamid, Eman"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428342", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259279, "pmcid": "PMC7262097", "title": "Maternal and perinatal outcomes with COVID-19: A systematic review of 108 pregnancies.", "journal": "Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand", "authors": ["Zaigham, Mehreen", "Andersson, Ola"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259279", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has exposed vulnerable populations to an unprecedented global health crisis. The knowledge gained from previous human coronavirus outbreaks suggests that pregnant women and their fetuses are particularly susceptible to poor outcomes. The objective of this study was to summarize the clinical manifestations and maternal and perinatal outcomes of COVID-19 during pregnancy. We searched databases for all case reports and series from 12 February to 4 April 2020. Multiple terms and combinations were used including COVID-19, pregnancy, maternal mortality, maternal morbidity, complications, clinical manifestations, neonatal morbidity, intrauterine fetal death, neonatal mortality and SARS-CoV-2. Eligibility criteria included peer-reviewed publications written in English or Chinese and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or dual fluorescence PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Unpublished reports, unspecified date and location of the study or suspicion of duplicate reporting, cases with suspected COVID-19 that were not confirmed by a laboratory test, and unreported maternal or perinatal outcomes were excluded. Data on clinical manifestations, maternal and perinatal outcomes including vertical transmission were extracted and analyzed. Eighteen articles reporting data from 108 pregnancies between 8 December 2019 and 1 April 2020 were included in the current study. Most reports described women presenting in the third trimester with fever (68%) and coughing (34%). Lymphocytopenia (59%) with elevated C-reactive protein (70%) was observed and 91% of the women were delivered by cesarean section. Three maternal intensive care unit admissions were noted but no maternal deaths. One neonatal death and one intrauterine death were also reported. Although the majority of mothers were discharged without any major complications, severe maternal morbidity as a result of COVID-19 and perinatal deaths were reported. Vertical transmission of the COVID-19 could not be ruled out. Careful monitoring of pregnancies with COVID-19 and measures to prevent neonatal infection are warranted."}, {"pmid": 32497623, "pmcid": "PMC7263299", "title": "A data-driven network model for the emerging COVID-19 epidemics in Wuhan, Toronto and Italy.", "journal": "Math Biosci", "authors": ["Xue, Ling", "Jing, Shuanglin", "Miller, Joel C", "Sun, Wei", "Li, Huafeng", "Estrada-Franco, Jose Guillermo", "Hyman, James M", "Zhu, Huaiping"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497623", "countries": ["China", "Canada", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic threatens the health of humans and causes great economic losses. Predictive modeling and forecasting the epidemic trends are essential for developing countermeasures to mitigate this pandemic. We develop a network model, where each node represents an individual and the edges represent contacts between individuals where the infection can spread. The individuals are classified based on the number of contacts they have each day (their node degrees) and their infection status. The transmission network model was respectively fitted to the reported data for the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan (China), Toronto (Canada), and the Italian Republic using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) optimization algorithm. Our model fits all three regions well with narrow confidence intervals and could be adapted to simulate other megacities or regions. The model projections on the role of containment strategies can help inform public health authorities to plan control measures."}, {"pmid": 32341104, "pmcid": "PMC7236831", "title": "Cardiovascular comorbidity and its impact on patients with Covid-19.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Guan, Wei-Jie", "Liang, Wen-Hua", "He, Jian-Xing", "Zhong, Nan-Shan"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341104", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302079, "title": "Covid-19 and Immunity in Aging Populations - A New Research Agenda.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Koff, Wayne C", "Williams, Michelle A"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302079", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464666, "title": "Federalism Complicates the Response to the COVID-19 Health and Economic Crisis: What Can Be Done?", "journal": "J Health Polit Policy Law", "authors": ["Huberfeld, Nicole", "Gordon, Sarah H", "Jones, David K"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464666", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Federalism has complicated the U.S. response to the novel coronavirus. States' actions to address the pandemic have varied widely, and federal and state officials have provided conflicting messages. This fragmented approach surely cost time and lives. Federalism will shape the long-term health and economic impacts of COVID-19, including plans for the future, for at least two reasons: First, federalism exacerbates inequities, as some states have a history of under-investing in social programs, especially in certain communities. Second, many of the states with the deepest needs are poorly equipped to respond to emergencies due to low taxes and distrust of government, leading to inadequate infrastructure. These dynamics are not new, but they have been laid bare by this crisis. What can policymakers do to address the inequities in health and economic outcomes that federalism intensifies? The first section of this paper offers a case study, using the Mississippi Delta to illustrate the role of federalism in perpetuating the connection between place, health, and economics. The second section examines challenges that safety net programs will face moving beyond the acute phase of COVID-19. Our final section explores near-, middle-, and long-term policy options to mitigate federalism's harmful side effects."}, {"pmid": 32445315, "title": "Uro-oncology in times of COVID-19: The available evidence and recommendations in the Indian scenario.", "journal": "Indian J Cancer", "authors": ["Narain, Tushar A", "Gautam, Gagan", "Seth, Amlesh", "Panwar, Vikas K", "Rawal, Sudhir", "Dhar, Puneet", "Talwar, Harkirat S", "Singh, Amitabh", "Jaipuria, Jiten", "Mittal, Ankur"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445315", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), one of the most devastating pandemics ever, has left thousands of cancer patients to their fate. The future course of this pandemic is still an enigma, but health care services are expected to resume soon in a phased manner. This might be a long drawn process and we need to have policies in place, to be able to fight both, the SARS-CoV-2 virus and cancer, simultaneously, and emerge triumphant. An extensive literature search for impact of delay in management of various urological malignancies was carried out. Expert opinions were sought wherever there was paucity of evidence, in order to reach a consensus and come up with recommendations for directing uro-oncology services in the times of COVID-19. The panel recommends deferring treatment of patients with renal cell carcinoma by 3 to 6 months, except for those with ongoing hematuria and/or inferior vena cava thrombus, which warrant immediate surgery. Metastatic renal cell cancers should be started on targeted therapy. Low grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancers can be kept on active surveillance while high risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancers and muscle invasive bladder cancers should be treated within 3 months. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy should be avoided. Management of low and intermediate risk prostate cancer can be deferred for 3 to 6months while high risk prostate cancer patients can be initiated on neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy. Patients with testicular tumors should undergo high inguinal orchiectomy and be treated according to stage without delay, with stage I patients being offered surveillance. Penile cancers should undergo penectomy, while clinically negative groins can be kept on surveillance. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy should be avoided and adjuvant therapy should be deferred. We need to tailor our treatment strategies to the prevailing present conditions, so as to fight and defeat both, the SARS-CoV-2 virus and cancer. Protection of health care workers, judicious use of available resources, and a rational and balanced outlook towards different malignancies is the need of the hour."}, {"pmid": 32359804, "pmcid": "PMC7180370", "title": "Covid-19 and Guillain-Barre syndrome: More than a coincidence!", "journal": "Rev Neurol (Paris)", "authors": ["El Otmani, H", "El Moutawakil, B", "Rafai, M-A", "El Benna, N", "El Kettani, C", "Soussi, M", "El Mdaghri, N", "Barrou, H", "Afif, H"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359804", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355555, "pmcid": "PMC7179980", "title": "COVID-19 must catalyse key global natural experiments.", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Been, Jasper V", "Sheikh, Aziz"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355555", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378509, "title": "Will Virtual Teaching Continue After the COVID-19 Pandemic?", "journal": "Acta Med Port", "authors": ["Marques da Silva, Bernardo"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378509", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282953, "pmcid": "PMC7262323", "title": "Ethical and Legal Challenges During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Are We Thinking About Rural Hospitals?", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Patel, Love", "Elliott, Amy", "Storlie, Erik", "Kethireddy, Rajesh", "Goodman, Kim", "Dickey, William"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282953", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355869, "pmcid": "PMC7192108", "title": "The Dermatologist's Perspective: Why is COVID-19 mortality lower in females than males?", "journal": "Int J Womens Dermatol", "authors": ["Murrell, Dedee F", "Murase, Jenny E"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355869", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523928, "pmcid": "PMC7279916", "title": "D-dimer and C-reactive Protein Blood Levels Over Time Used to Predict Pulmonary Embolism in Two COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Becher, Yael", "Goldman, Leonid", "Schacham, Nadav", "Gringauz, Irina", "Justo, Dan"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523928", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism is challenging in symptomatic COVID-19 patients since shortness of breath, chest pain, tachycardia, tachypnoea, fever, oxygen desaturation and high D-dimer blood levels might be features of both diseases. We present two COVID-19 patients in whom pulmonary embolism was suspected (and diagnosed) due to a discrepancy between an increase in D-dimer blood levels and a decrease in C-reactive protein blood levels over time. We believe that an opposite change in the blood levels of both biomarkers over time may be used as a novel method to predict pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 patients. The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism is challenging in COVID-19 patients since symptoms, signs and high D-dimer blood levels might be similar in both diseases.An increase in D-dimer blood levels and a decrease in C-reactive protein blood levels over time may be used as a novel method to predict pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32426754, "pmcid": "PMC7188422", "title": "The Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study (VIRUS): An International Registry of Coronavirus 2019-Related Critical Illness.", "journal": "Crit Care Explor", "authors": ["Walkey, Allan J", "Kumar, Vishakha K", "Harhay, Michael O", "Bolesta, Scott", "Bansal, Vikas", "Gajic, Ognjen", "Kashyap, Rahul"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426754", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has disproportionally strained intensive care services worldwide. Large areas of uncertainly regarding epidemiology, physiology, practice patterns, and resource demands for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 require rapid collection and dissemination of data. We describe the conception and implementation of an intensive care database rapidly developed and designed to meet data analytic needs in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic-the multicenter, international Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery Network Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study. Prospective cohort study and disease registry. Multinational cohort of ICUs. Critically ill patients with a diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019. None. Within 2 weeks of conception of the Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery Network Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study, study leadership was convened, registry case report forms were designed, electronic data entry set up, and more than 250 centers had submitted the protocol for institutional review board approval, with more than 100 cases entered. The Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery Network Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study provides an example of a rapidly deployed, international, pandemic registry that seeks to provide near real-time analytics and information regarding intensive care treatments and outcomes for patients with coronavirus disease 2019."}, {"pmid": 32420614, "title": "First COVID-19 maternal mortality in the UK associated with thrombotic complications.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Ahmed, Irshad", "Azhar, Ahamed", "Eltaweel, Nashwa", "Tan, Bee K"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420614", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474128, "pmcid": "PMC7255703", "title": "Should we embrace hypofractionated radiotherapy for cervical cancer? A technical note on management during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Mendez, Lucas C", "Raziee, Hamid", "Davidson, Melanie", "Velker, Vikram", "D'Souza, David", "Barnes, Elizabeth", "Leung, Eric"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474128", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cervical cancer is a deadly disease and the COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to further impact its lethality. Hypofractionated radiotherapy could mitigate this impact, however robust data in cervical cancer setting still is lacking. Information provided here could help institutions in reducing radiotherapy fractions for cervical cancer patients."}, {"pmid": 32309248, "pmcid": "PMC7147513", "title": "Infodemic and Risk Communication in the Era of CoV-19.", "journal": "Adv Biomed Res", "authors": ["Vaezi, Atefeh", "Javanmard, Shaghayegh Haghjooy"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32309248", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302743, "pmcid": "PMC7195276", "title": "Thoughts about COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Rosin, R David"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302743", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420620, "title": "Genetic epilepsies and COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons from the caregiver perspective.", "journal": "Epilepsia", "authors": ["Aledo-Serrano, Angel", "Mingorance, Ana", "Jimenez-Huete, Adolfo", "Toledano, Rafael", "Garcia-Morales, Irene", "Anciones, Carla", "Gil-Nagel, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420620", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391407, "pmcid": "PMC7205645", "title": "COVID 19 can spread through breathing, talking, study estimates.", "journal": "Curr Med Res Pract", "authors": ["Ningthoujam, Ramananda"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391407", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID 19 pandemic has become a major threat to humankind infecting millions world-wide. This virus can be spread through breathing, talking. During sneezing, breathing and loud conservation, it releases about 1000 micro droplets which drift in the air. These micro droplets carry many viruses and it might act as a third route of infection for COVID 19 infection. The type of infection is known as micro droplets infection."}, {"pmid": 32339249, "title": "Caution Needed on the Use of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Fihn, Stephan D", "Perencevich, Eli", "Bradley, Steven M"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339249", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459046, "title": "Scientific and Standardization Committee Communication: Clinical Guidance on the Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Spyropoulos, Alex C", "Levy, Jerrold H", "Ageno, Walter", "Connors, Jean Marie", "Hunt, Beverley J", "Iba, Toshiaki", "Levi, Marcel", "Samama, Charles Marc", "Thachil, Jecko", "Giannis, Dimitrios", "Douketis, James D"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459046", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as declared by the World Health Organization, is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). Cardiovascular disease and, in particular, venous thromboembolism (VTE) has emerged as an important consideration in the management of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The diagnosis of VTE using standardized objective testing is problematic in these patients, given the risk of infecting non-COVID-19 hospitalized patients and hospital personnel, coupled with the usual challenges of performing diagnostic testing in critically-ill patients. Early reports suggest a high incidence of VTE in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, particularly those with severe illness, that is similar to the high VTE rates observed in patients with other viral pneumonias, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV)."}, {"pmid": 32202420, "pmcid": "PMC7099677", "title": "An Imperative Need for Research on the Role of Environmental Factors in Transmission of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19).", "journal": "Environ Sci Technol", "authors": ["Qu, Guangbo", "Li, Xiangdong", "Hu, Ligang", "Jiang, Guibin"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202420", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320565, "title": "First Case of Covid-19 in the United States. Reply.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Uyeki, Timothy M", "Holshue, Michelle L", "Diaz, George"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320565", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32357072, "title": "CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF 28 PATIENTS WITH DIABETES AND COVID-19 IN WUHAN, CHINA.", "journal": "Endocr Pract", "authors": ["Wang, Feng", "Yang, Yan", "Dong, Kun", "Yan, Yongli", "Zhang, ShuJun", "Ren, Huihui", "Yu, Xuefeng", "Shi, Xiaoli"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357072", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                        Objective:\n                     Previous studies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were based on information from the general population. We aimed to further clarify the clinical characteristics of diabetes with COVID-19. \n                        Methods:\n                     Twenty-eight patients with diabetes and COVID-19 were enrolled from January 29, 2020, to February 10, 2020, with a final follow-up on February 22, 2020. Epidemiologic, demographic, clinical, laboratory, treatment, and outcome data were analyzed. \n                        Results:\n                     The average age of the 28 patients was 68.6 \u00b1 9.0 years. Most (75%) patients were male. Only 39.3% of the patients had a clear exposure of COVID-19. Fever (92.9%), dry cough (82.1%), and fatigue (64.3%) were the most common symptoms, followed by dyspnea (57.1%), anorexia (57.1%), diarrhea (42.9%), expectoration (25.0%), and nausea (21.4%). Fourteen patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). The hemoglobin A1c level was similar between ICU and non-ICU patients. ICU patients had a higher respiratory rate, higher levels of random blood glucose, aspartate transaminase, bilirubin, creatine, N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide, troponin I, D-dimers, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, ferritin, interleukin (IL)-2R, IL-6, and IL-8 than non-ICU patients. Eleven of 14 ICU patients received noninvasive ventilation and 7 patients received invasive mechanical ventilation. Twelve patients died in the ICU group and no patients died in the nonICU group. \n                        Conclusion:\n                     ICU cases showed higher rates of organ failure and mortality than non-ICU cases. The poor outcomes of patients with diabetes and COVID-19 indicated that more supervision is required in these patients. (Endocr Pract. 2020;26:xxx-xxx)."}, {"pmid": 32425701, "pmcid": "PMC7229915", "title": "Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Inflammatory Signaling Increase the Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor ACE2 in the Respiratory Tract.", "journal": "Dev Cell", "authors": ["Smith, Joan C", "Sausville, Erin L", "Girish, Vishruth", "Yuan, Monet Lou", "Vasudevan, Anand", "John, Kristen M", "Sheltzer, Jason M"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425701", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The factors mediating fatal SARS-CoV-2 infections are poorly understood. Here, we show that cigarette smoke causes a dose-dependent upregulation of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, in rodent and human lungs. Using single-cell sequencing data, we demonstrate that ACE2 is expressed in a subset of secretory cells in the respiratory tract. Chronic smoke exposure triggers the expansion of this cell population and a concomitant increase in ACE2 expression. In contrast, quitting smoking decreases the abundance of these secretory cells and reduces ACE2 levels. Finally, we demonstrate that ACE2 expression is responsive to inflammatory signaling and can be upregulated by viral infections or interferon treatment. Taken together, these results may partially explain why smokers are particularly susceptible to severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. Furthermore, our work identifies ACE2 as an interferon-stimulated gene in lung cells, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infections could create positive feedback loops that increase ACE2 levels and facilitate viral dissemination."}, {"pmid": 32496100, "title": "Fear of COVID-19 and the mental health consequences in America.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Fitzpatrick, Kevin M", "Harris, Casey", "Drawve, Grant"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496100", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The intent of this work was to examine the intersection of COVID-19 fear with social vulnerabilities and mental health consequences among adults living in the United States. Data are from a nationally representative sample (n = 10,368) of U.S. adults surveyed online during demographic subgroups (gender, age, income, race and ethnicity, geography). The sample week of March 23, 2020. The sample was poststratification weighted to ensure a balanced representation across social and demographic subgroups (gender, age, income, race or ethnicity, geography). The sample comprised 51% female; 23% non-White; 18% Hispanic; 25% of households with children under 18 years of age; 55% unmarried; and nearly 20% unemployed, laid off, or furloughed at the time of the interview. Respondents were fearful, averaging a score of nearly 7 on a scale of 10 when asked how fearful they were of COVID-19. Preliminary analysis suggests clear spatial diffusion of COVID-19 fear. Fear appears to be concentrated in regions with the highest reported COVID-19 cases. Significant differences across several U.S. census regions are noted (p < .01). Additionally, significant bivariate relationships were found between socially vulnerable respondents (female, Asians, Hispanic, foreign-born, families with children) and fear, as well as with mental health consequences (anxiety and depressive symptoms). Depressive symptoms, on average, were high (16+ on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale), and more than 25% of the sample reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms. More in-depth psychosocial research is needed using nationally representative samples that can help to inform potential mental health risks, as well as by targeting specific mental health interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32503855, "title": "Candidate rheumatologic treatments for COVID-19. Response to: 'COVID-19 infection in a patient with FMF: does colchicine have a protective effect?' by Kobak.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Monti, Sara", "Montecucco, Carlomaurizio"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503855", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32190908, "pmcid": "PMC7228217", "title": "A doubt of multiple introduction of SARS-CoV-2 in Italy: A preliminary overview.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Giovanetti, Marta", "Angeletti, Silvia", "Benvenuto, Domenico", "Ciccozzi, Massimo"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32190908", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the novel betacoronavirus, recently renamed as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has raised serious concerns due to the virus's rapid dissemination worldwide. Nevertheless, there is limited information about the genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 circulating in Italy from surveillance studies. The shortage of complete genomic sequences available impairs our understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 introduction and establishment in the country. To better understand its dynamics in Italy, we analyzed complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 isolates, obtained directly from clinical samples. Our phylogenetic reconstructions suggest possible multiple introduction of SARS-CoV-2. Continued genomic surveillance strategies are needed to improve monitoring and understanding of the current\u00a0SARS-CoV-2 epidemics, which might help to attenuate public health impact of infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32454084, "pmcid": "PMC7245211", "title": "Distant learning of BLS amid the COVID-19 pandemic: Influence of the outbreak on lay trainees' willingness to attempt CPR, and the motivating effect of the training.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Birkun, Alexei"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454084", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427188, "pmcid": "PMC7232065", "title": "Better the drug you know: Commentary on \"Daughton 2020, Natural experiment concept to accelerate the re-purposing of existing therapeutics for Covid-19\".", "journal": "Glob Epidemiol", "authors": ["Broadbent, Alex"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427188", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396447, "title": "Protecting health during COVID-19 and beyond: A global examination of paid sick leave design in 193 countries.", "journal": "Glob Public Health", "authors": ["Heymann, Jody", "Raub, Amy", "Waisath, Willetta", "McCormack, Michael", "Weistroffer, Ross", "Moreno, Gonzalo", "Wong, Elizabeth", "Earle, Alison"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396447", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Well-designed paid sick leave is critical to ensure workers stay home when sick to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and other infectious pathogens, both when the economy is open and during an economic shutdown. To assess whether paid sick leave is available in countries around the world, we created and analysed a database of legislative guarantees of paid leave for personal illness in 193 UN member states. Original labour and social security legislation and global information on social security systems for each country were obtained and analysed by a multilingual research team using a common coding framework. While strong models exist across low- middle- and high-income countries, critical gaps that jeopardise health and economic security remain. 27% of countries do not guarantee paid sick leave from the first day of illness, essential to encouraging workers to stay home when they are sick and prevent spread. 58% of countries do not have explicit provisions to ensure self-employed and gig economy workers have access to paid sick leave benefits. Comprehensive paid sick leave policies that cover all workers are urgently needed if we are to reduce the spread of COVID-19, and be ready to respond to threats from new pathogens."}, {"pmid": 32334117, "pmcid": "PMC7175914", "title": "Evaluation and prediction of the COVID-19 variations at different input population and quarantine strategies, a case study in Guangdong province, China.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hu, Zengyun", "Cui, Qianqian", "Han, Junmei", "Wang, Xia", "Sha, Wei E I", "Teng, Zhidong"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334117", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this study, an epidemic model was developed to simulate and predict the disease variations of Guangdong province which was focused on the period from Jan 27 to Feb 20, 2020. To explore the impacts of the input population and quarantine strategies on the disease variations at different scenarios, four time points were assumed as Feb 6, Feb 16, Feb 24 and Mar 5 2020. The major results suggest that our model can well capture the disease variations with high accuracy. The simulated peak value of the confirmed cases is 1002 at Feb 10, 2020 which is mostly close to the reported number of 1007 at Feb 9, 2020. The disease will become extinction with peak value of 1397 at May 11, 2020. Moreover, the increased numbers of the input population can mainly shorten the disease extinction days and the increased percentages of the exposed individuals of the input population increase the number of cumulative confirmed cases at a small percentage. Increasing the input population and decreasing the quarantine strategy together around the time point of the peak value of the confirmed cases, may lead to the second outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32510576, "title": "Perceptions of obstetricians and pediatricians about the risk of COVID-19 for pregnant women and newborns.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Obeidat, Nail", "Saadeh, Rami", "Obeidat, Maha", "Khasawneh, Wasim", "Khader, Yousef", "Alfaqih, Mahmoud"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510576", "countries": ["Jordan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess the perception of obstetricians and pediatricians about risks of COVID-19 on pregnant women and possible complications in newborns. A structured 27-item online survey was sent via social media messaging to obstetricians and pediatricians from public, academic, and private sectors in Jordan between March 23-30, 2020. Descriptive statistics were used to represent numbers and percentages of participants' responses to survey items. A total of 147 physicians participated (107 obstetricians, 40 pediatricians). Participants were well informed about the symptoms, diagnosis, modes of transmission, and methods of prevention. Participants had variable perceptions about COVID-19 risk during pregnancy, including potential vertical transmission, preferred route of delivery, and safety of breastfeeding. Most participants felt that pregnant women should be prioritized for testing and medical care provision. While evidence-based strategies to reduce the risks of COVID-19 in pregnant women and newborns are evolving, healthcare providers showed excellent knowledge of the infection and were vigilant regarding its complications for mothers and newborns. To ensure safe pregnancy, physicians must keep informed of developing guidance on best and safest prenatal and perinatal health services. Implementing local hospital policies and adequate training in infection control measures is strongly encouraged."}, {"pmid": 32273336, "title": "Case for continuing community NIV and CPAP during the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Thorax", "authors": ["Baker, Jillian G", "Sovani, Milind"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273336", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268662, "title": "[Analysis of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) based on SARS autopsy].", "journal": "Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Ding, Y Q", "Bian, X W"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268662", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303497, "title": "Chloroquine and COVID-19 - a potential game changer?", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Sturrock, Beattie Rh", "Chevassut, Timothy Jt"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303497", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, causing the disease COVID-19, first emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has now spread to 203 countries or territories, infected over 2 million people and caused over 133,000 deaths. There is an urgent need for specific treatments. One potential treatment is chloroquine and its derivatives, including hydroxychloroquine, which have both antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects. These compounds are effective against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, but in vivo data are lacking. Although some encouraging outcomes have been reported, and these results have been received enthusiastically, we recommend careful and critical evaluation of current evidence only when all methods and data are available for peer review. Chloroquine is safe and cheap. However, further evidence from coordinated multicentre trials is required before it can be confidently said whether it is effective against the current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32502707, "pmcid": "PMC7265840", "title": "Convalescent plasma therapy in the treatment of COVID-19: practical considerations: Correspondence.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Islam, Amin", "Rafiq, Shafqat", "Karim, Sabina", "Laher, Ismail", "Rashid, Harunor"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502707", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373134, "pmcid": "PMC7187924", "title": "Commentary: Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses.", "journal": "Front Immunol", "authors": ["Adachi, Shun", "Koma, Takaaki", "Doi, Naoya", "Nomaguchi, Masako", "Adachi, Akio"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373134", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32144890, "pmcid": "PMC7111068", "title": "The Novel Coronavirus - A Snapshot of Current Knowledge.", "journal": "Microb Biotechnol", "authors": ["Brussow, Harald"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32144890", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Another animal to human transmission of a coronavirus occurred in December 2019 on a live animal market in the Chinese city of Wuhan causing an epidemic in China, reaching now different continents. This minireview summarizes the research literature on the virological, clinical and epidemiological aspects of this epidemic published until end of February 2020."}, {"pmid": 32362444, "pmcid": "PMC7190513", "title": "Lymphocytopenia and Radiotherapy Treatment Volumes in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)", "authors": ["Joseph, N", "Choudhury, A"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362444", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382463, "pmcid": "PMC7202588", "title": "Rhabdomyolysis as a Presentation of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Suwanwongse, Kulachanya", "Shabarek, Nehad"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382463", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An emerging viral infection is a global public health challenge. The development of modern, fast, and extensive transportation makes the outbreak hard to contain. Everyone is at risk, and the outbreak can rapidly turn into a pandemic crisis, like what we are currently facing for the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Prompt diagnosis of the case is required to improve patients' prognosis and control of the outbreak. The common manifestations of COVID-19 include fever, cough, dyspnea, and malaise. However,\u00a0patients may present with atypical symptoms that pose a diagnostic challenge. We report the first case of an elderly male who presented with rhabdomyolysis and later was diagnosed with COVID-19. Clinicians should be aware\u00a0that rhabdomyolysis can be an initial presentation of COVID-19 or can occur at any time during the disease course. Patients with rhabdomyolysis should receive aggressive fluid administration to prevent acute kidney injury (AKI). However, COVID-19 patients are at risk of\u00a0worsening oxygenation and acute hypoxemic respiratory failure from fluid overload. Therefore, cautious fluid administration is needed in COVID-19 patients with rhabdomyolysis."}, {"pmid": 32357379, "pmcid": "PMC7267597", "title": "Validation of a self-administered olfactory and gustatory test for the remotely evaluation of COVID-19 patients in home quarantine.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Vaira, Luigi Angelo", "Salzano, Giovanni", "Petrocelli, Marzia", "Deiana, Giovanna", "Salzano, Francesco Antonio", "De Riu, Giacomo"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357379", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chemosensitive disorders are very frequent in the early stages of COVID-19 and in paucisymptomatic cases. These patients are typically placed in home quarantine. This study has the aim of validating a new olfactory and gustatory objective evaluation test in these patients. Thirty-three home-quarantined COVID-19 patients have undergone a self-administered chemosensitive test the day before the control swab. On this occasion, the patients underwent operator-administered already validated tests. The results were finally compared. The differences between the results of the two tests were not significant for both the olfaction (P\u2009=.201) and the taste (P\u2009=.180). The olfactory and gustatory evaluation by self-administered test can be considered a valid tool, fundamental for obtaining objective qualitative and quantitative data on the extent of chemosensitive disorders in home-quarantined COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32122422, "pmcid": "PMC7108650", "title": "Novel coronavirus and hospital infection prevention: Preparing for the impromptu speech.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Bearman, Gonzalo", "Pryor, Rachel", "Albert, Heather", "Brath, Lisa", "Britton, Amy", "Cooper, Kaila", "Doll, Michelle", "Godbout, Emily J", "Hemphill, Robin", "Stevens, Michael P"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32122422", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332066, "title": "Going viral: doctors must tackle fake news in the covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["O'Connor, Cathal", "Murphy, Michelle"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332066", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247680, "pmcid": "PMC7118622", "title": "Community pharmacists and communication in the time of COVID-19: Applying the health belief model.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Carico, Ronald Ron Jr", "Sheppard, Jordan", "Thomas, C Borden"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247680", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic presents an unprecedented health communications challenge. Healthcare providers should reinforce behaviors that limit the spread of the pandemic, including social distancing and remaining in the home whenever possible. Formal communications toolkits may not be prepared in a timely fashion. Community pharmacists can reinforce mitigation behaviors by applying the health belief model (HBM). This commentary provides an overview of the HBM and offers suggestions on how community pharmacists can use it as a guide to patient communication in these uncertain contexts."}, {"pmid": 32360290, "title": "Will participation restrictions related to the COVID-19 lockdown boost inclusivity?", "journal": "Ann Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Bayen, Eleonore", "Stefanescu, Francois", "Robert, Helene", "Weil-Chounlamountry, Agnes", "Villain, Marie", "Gouriou, Clementine", "Gueorguieva, Sofia", "Picq, Christine", "Bruguiere, Pascale", "Pradat-Diehl, Pascale"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360290", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307085, "pmcid": "PMC7194703", "title": "Practitioners specialized in oral health and coronavirus disease 2019: Professional guidelines from the French society of stomatology, maxillofacial surgery and oral surgery, to form a common front against the infectious risk.", "journal": "J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg", "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307085", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Medical as well as non-medical practitioners specialized in oral health are at high risk of infection with the Coronavirus-19 (Covid-19) because of the proximity with potentially infected biological fluids. This risk is permanent, especially during examination, care and transfer of patients. Regarding the pandemic progression of Covid-19, efficient protocols of prevention are urgently needed. Based on our experience and on the recently reported guidelines from the French National Agency for Public Health (ARS, March 5, 2020), the French Society of Hospital Hygiene (SFHH, March 4, 2020) and the Department of Infectious Risk Prevention of the Hospitals of Paris-Public Assistance (APHP, March 6, 2020), we provide several recommendations for practitioners specialized in oral health, to protect themselves from nosocomial infections, especially Covid-19."}, {"pmid": 32452530, "title": "Abdominal fluid samples (negative for SARS-CoV-2) from a critically unwell patient with respiratory COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Flemming, S", "Hankir, M", "Hering, I", "Meybohm, P", "Krone, M", "Weissbrich, B", "Germer, C T", "Wiegering, A"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452530", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32207674, "pmcid": "PMC7156812", "title": "Chronology of COVID-19 Cases on the Diamond Princess Cruise Ship and Ethical Considerations: A Report From Japan.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Nakazawa, Eisuke", "Ino, Hiroyasu", "Akabayashi, Akira"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207674", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Diamond Princess cruise ship has been anchored at the Yokohama port in Japan since February 3, 2020. A total of 691 cases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection had been confirmed as of February 23. The government initially assumed that the infection was not spreading aboard and therefore indicated that any persons who either tested negative for the virus or were asymptomatic should immediately disembark. However, on February 5, the government set a 14-day health observation period because of the severity of the infection. Passengers confirmed to be free from infection began disembarking on Day 15 (February 19) of the quarantine. The effectiveness and validity of infection control, justification for the timing of inspections, and even the nature of COVID-19 itself now are all in question. The ethical considerations related to cruise ship infection control include the reasonable justification for isolation, the psychological fragility and quality of life of the isolated passengers and crew members, the procedural justice inherent in a forced quarantine, and the optimization of control measures.The international coordination framework and the global ramifications of such outbreaks should be reevaluated by the international community. Denying a ship's entry based on local politics is incompatible with global justice. Events such as these require an international response and global regulations that seek to reduce disparities."}, {"pmid": 32332514, "pmcid": "PMC7199773", "title": "Hospital visiting policies in the time of COVID-19: A nationwide website survey in Taiwan.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Liu, Ya-An", "Hsu, Ya-Chuan", "Lin, Ming-Hwai", "Chang, Hsiao-Ting", "Chen, Tzeng-Ji", "Chou, Li-Fang", "Hwang, Shinn-Jang"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332514", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, a novel infectious coronavirus disease, has become a worldwide pandemic. Infection control precautions for hospital visitors are needed to avoid cluster outbreaks, so this study investigated the visiting policies of all the hospitals in Taiwan in the time of COVID-19. From March 15, 2020, through March 18, 2020, we searched the official websites of all 472 National Health Insurance contracted hospitals to determine their visiting policies. For those hospitals that had posted new visiting policies and still allowed visits to ordinary wards, we recorded the relevant details shown on their websites, including the number of visitors allowed at one time, the number of visiting slots per day, the total visiting hours per day, and the rules provided to visitors before visiting. During the study period, 276 (58.5%) hospitals had posted new visiting policies on their websites, with higher proportions of academic medical centers (92.0%, 23/25) and metropolitan hospitals (91.5%, 75/82) than local community hospitals (48.8%, 178/365) doing so. Visits to ordinary wards were forbidden in 83 hospitals of those hospitals. Among the 193 hospitals that had new visiting policies and still allowed visits to ordinary wards, 73.1% (n = 141) restricted visitors to two at a time and 54.9% (n = 106) restricted visits to two visiting slots per day. Furthermore, history taking regarding travel, occupation, contacts, and cluster information was mentioned by 82.4% (n = 159) of these 193 hospitals, body temperature monitoring by 78.2% (n = 151), hand hygiene by 63.2% (n = 122), and identity checks by 51.8% (n = 100). In the time of COVID-19 covered by this study, about three-fifths of the hospitals in Taiwan had posted their visiting policies for ordinary wards on their websites. Furthermore, the thoroughness with which such visiting policies have been enforced also requires investigation."}, {"pmid": 32279224, "pmcid": "PMC7150529", "title": "COVID-19 and endocrine diseases. A statement from the European Society of Endocrinology.", "journal": "Endocrine", "authors": ["Puig-Domingo, M", "Marazuela, M", "Giustina, A"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279224", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379856, "title": "Cancer and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-Facing the \"C Words\".", "journal": "JAMA Oncol", "authors": ["Shah, Urvi A"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379856", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378816, "title": "Clinical Insights and Management Recommendations for COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in Internal Medicine Departments: Recommendations by the Corona Department Heads in Israel.", "journal": "Isr Med Assoc J", "authors": ["Segal, Gad", "Mevorach, Dror", "Elis, Avishay", "Dicker, Dror"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378816", "countries": ["Israel"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473504, "pmcid": "PMC7247986", "title": "Strategy of using personal protective equipment during aerosol generating medical procedures with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Zhang, Mingzhu", "Zheng, Hui", "Wang, Jingping"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473504", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32216864, "title": "COVID-19: \"A Tale of Two Epidemics\" March 20, 2020.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["James, James J"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216864", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283904, "pmcid": "PMC7195973", "title": "The early impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the global and Turkish economy", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Acikgoz, Omer", "Gunay, Asli"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283904", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Individuals infected by the Covid-19 potentially are at risk of health and economic well-being. Today, the Covid-19 is a global issue, and the world economy can be interpreted as almost at the standstill. In this context, this study aims to discuss the potential first reactions of short and long term global economic impacts of the pandemic through sectors by assessing its costs according to the data announced for both the world and Turkey. In addition, this study tries to put forth possible economic and political scenarios for the post-pandemic world. This is a review article that summarizes the current reports and discussions about the economic consequences of this historical event, and tries to make some inferences considering them. This pandemic has severe adverse effects on the employees, customers, supply chains and financial markets, in brief, most probably it will cause a global economic recession. Nevertheless, due to the uncertainty of the end of this pandemic, both the length and scale of this contraction are not predictable. It takes a while for the world economy to recover from the contraction. It seems that this pandemic will lead to a permanent shift in the world and its politics, especially in health, security, trade, employment, agriculture, manufacturing goods production and science policies. Since this new world might provide great opportunities for some countries that did not dominate world production before, governments should develop new strategies to adjust the new world order without much delay."}, {"pmid": 32372080, "pmcid": "PMC7239149", "title": "Letter: News From the COVID-19 Front Lines: How Neurosurgeons Are Contributing.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Caridi, John M", "Reynolds, Alexandra S", "Gilligan, Jeffrey", "Bederson, Joshua", "Dangayach, Neha S"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372080", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339041, "title": "COVID 19 and its mental health consequences.", "journal": "J Ment Health", "authors": ["Kumar, Anant", "Nayar, K Rajasekharan"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339041", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376208, "pmcid": "PMC7177119", "title": "COVID19 pandemic impacts on anxiety of French urologist in training: Outcomes from a national survey.", "journal": "Prog Urol", "authors": ["Abdessater, M", "Roupret, M", "Misrai, V", "Matillon, X", "Gondran-Tellier, B", "Freton, L", "Vallee, M", "Dominique, I", "Felber, M", "Khene, Z-E", "Fortier, E", "Lannes, F", "Michiels, C", "Grevez, T", "Szabla, N", "Boustany, J", "Bardet, F", "Kaulanjan, K", "Seizilles de Mazancourt, E", "Ploussard, G", "Pinar, U", "Pradere, B"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376208", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak in France is disturbing our health system. Urologists in training who are already known to have burnout, are in the front line to face this disease. The aim of our study was to assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on young French urologists in training. A self-administered anonymous questionnaire evaluating the pandemic added stress, and its negative impact on work and training quality, was e-mailed to the members of the French Association of Urologists in Training (AFUF). The association includes all French junior and senior residents. The survey lasted 3 days. Multivariable analyses using logistic regression was performed to identify the predictive factors. Two hundred and seventy-five (55.5%) of the 495 AFUF members responded to the questionnaire. More than 90% of responders felt more stressed by the pandemic. Fellows and senior residents were more likely to feel that the crisis had an important impact on their work quality (OR=1.76, IC95=[1.01-3.13]), even more when COVID 19 patients were present in their department (OR=2.31, IC95=[1.20-4.65]). Past medical history of respiratory disease (OR=2.57, IC95=[1.31-5.98]) and taking in charge COVID19 patients (OR=1.85, IC95=[0.98-3.59]) were additional risk factors. COVID19 pandemic has a negative impact on young French urologists in training and on their work and training quality. Managing their psychosocial well-being during this time is as important as managing their physical health. 3."}, {"pmid": 32390931, "pmcid": "PMC7188982", "title": "A Case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 With Concomitant Acute Cerebral Infarction and Deep Vein Thrombosis.", "journal": "Front Neurol", "authors": ["Zhou, Bo", "She, Jianqing", "Wang, Yadan", "Ma, Xiancang"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390931", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a case of a 75-year-old woman diagnosed with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) complicated by acute cerebral infarction. The patient was admitted to our hospital on 5 February 2020 with severe COVID-19. On 20 February 2020, she was diagnosed with concomitant acute cerebral infarction via head computed tomography (CT) and deep vein thrombosis in both lower limbs. After symptomatic and supportive treatments, the patient was discharged on 13 March 2020. She will comply with quarantine for another 2 weeks and receive rehabilitation training from a specialist doctor. Cerebral infarction should be considered and promptly managed in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32439574, "pmcid": "PMC7234936", "title": "An invited commentary on: Optimizing response in surgical systems during and after COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons from China and the UK - Perspective. Zheng Liu (IJS-D-20-00464).", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Coppola, Alessandro", "Coppola, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439574", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335520, "title": "Wound Center Without Walls: The New Model of Providing Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Wounds", "authors": ["Rogers, Lee C", "Armstrong, David G", "Capotorto, John", "Fife, Caroline E", "Garcia, Julio R", "Gelly, Helen", "Gurtner, Geoffrey C", "Lavery, Lawrence A", "Marston, William", "Neville, Richard", "Nusgart, Marcia", "Ravitz, Karen", "Woelfel, Stephanie"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335520", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic poses a major challenge in delivering care to wound patients. Due to multiple comorbidities, wound patients are at an increased risk for the most extreme complications of COVID-19 and providers must focus on reducing their exposure risk. The Federal, State, and local governments, as well as payers, have urged hospitals and providers to reduce utilization of nonessential health services, but they also have given more flexibility to shift the site of necessary care to lower risk environments. Providers must be prepared for disruption from this pandemic mode of health care for the next 18 months, at minimum. The wound provider must accept the new normal during the pandemic by adapting their care to meet the safety needs of the patient and the public. The Wound Center Without Walls is a strategy to untether wound care from a physical location and aggressively triage and provide care to patients with wounds across the spectrum of the health system utilizing technology and community-centered care."}, {"pmid": 32533263, "title": "Intracellular ABCB1 as a Possible Mechanism to Explain the Synergistic Effect of Hydroxychloroquine-Azithromycin Combination in COVID-19 Therapy.", "journal": "AAPS J", "authors": ["Scherrmann, J M"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533263", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The co-administration of hydroxychloroquine with azithromycin is proposed in COVID-19 therapy. We hypothesize a new mechanism supporting the synergistic interaction between these drugs. Azithromycin is a substrate of ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein) which is localized in endosomes and lysosomes with a polarized substrate transport from the cell cytosol into the vesicle interior. SARS-CoV-2 and drugs meet in these acidic organelles and both basic drugs, which are potent lysosomotropic compounds, will become protonated and trapped within these vesicles. Consequently, their intra-vesicular concentrations can attain low micromolar effective cytotoxic concentrations on SARS-CoV-2 while concomitantly increase the intra-vesicular pH up to around neutrality. This last effect inhibits lysosomal enzyme activities responsible in virus entry and replication cycle. Based on these considerations, we hypothesize that ABCB1 could be a possible enhancer by confining azithromycin more extensively than expected when the trapping is solely dependent on the passive diffusion. This additional mechanism may therefore explain the synergistic effect when azithromycin is added to hydroxychloroquine, leading to apparently more rapid virus clearance and better clinical benefit, when compared to monotherapy with hydroxychloroquine alone."}, {"pmid": 32504946, "title": "Validation and verification of the Abbott RealTime SARS-CoV-2 assay analytical and clinical performance.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Degli-Angeli, Emily", "Dragavon, Joan", "Huang, Meei-Li", "Lucic, Danijela", "Cloherty, Gavin", "Jerome, Keith R", "Greninger, Alexander L", "Coombs, Robert W"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504946", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "High-throughput assays for the SARS-CoV-2 virus are critical to increasing test capacity and slowing the spread of COVID-19. Abbott Molecular developed and received emergency use authorization (EUA) to deploy the new RealTime SARS-CoV-2 assay, run on the automated m2000sp/rt system. To evaluate analytical and clinical performance of the RealTime SARS-CoV-2 assay compared to the SARS-CoV-2 CDC-based laboratory developed test (LDT) in clinical use by the University of Washington Clinical Virology Laboratory (UW Virology). RealTime SARS-CoV-2 assay limit of detection (LOD) was evaluated by testing two dilution panels of 60 replicates each. Cross-reactivity was evaluated by testing 24 clinical samples positive for various non\u2012SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses. Clinical performance was evaluated using 30 positive and 30 negative SARS-CoV-2 clinical samples previously tested using the UW Virology SARS-CoV-2 LDT. Exceeding the 100 copies/mL LOD reported in the RealTime SARS-CoV-2 assay EUA product insert, 19 of 20 replicates were detected at 50 copies/mL and 16 of 20 replicates were detected at 25 copies/mL. All clinical samples positive for 24 non\u2012SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses were SARS-CoV-2 negative on the RealTime SARS-CoV-2 assay. The assay had high sensitivity (93%) and specificity (100%) for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. Two positive samples that tested negative with the RealTime SARS-CoV-2 assay had cycle numbers of 35.94 or greater and required dilution prior to testing. One of these samples was also inconclusive on the SARS-CoV-2 LDT. The RealTime SARS-CoV-2 assay is acceptable for clinical use. With the high-throughput, fully automated m2000 system, this assay will accelerate the pace of SARS-CoV-2 testing."}, {"pmid": 32460544, "title": "Diabetes and Technology in the Covid-19 Pandemic Crisis.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Spanakis, Elias K"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460544", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396922, "title": "Respiratory disease in rhesus macaques inoculated with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Munster, Vincent J", "Feldmann, Friederike", "Williamson, Brandi N", "van Doremalen, Neeltje", "Perez-Perez, Lizzette", "Schulz, Jonathan", "Meade-White, Kimberly", "Okumura, Atsushi", "Callison, Julie", "Brumbaugh, Beniah", "Avanzato, Victoria A", "Rosenke, Rebecca", "Hanley, Patrick W", "Saturday, Greg", "Scott, Dana", "Fischer, Elizabeth R", "de Wit, Emmie"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396922", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of a novel coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2, causing respiratory disease and a ~2% case fatality rate started in Wuhan, China in December 20191,2. Following unprecedented global spread3, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Although data on disease in humans are emerging at a steady pace, certain aspects of the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 can only be studied in detail in animal models, where repeated sampling and tissue collection is possible. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 causes respiratory disease in infected rhesus macaques, with disease lasting 8-16 days. Pulmonary infiltrates, a hallmark of human disease, were visible in lung radiographs. High viral loads were detected in swabs from the nose and throat of all animals as well as in bronchoalveolar lavages; in one animal we observed prolonged rectal shedding. Taken together, the rhesus macaque recapitulates moderate disease observed in the majority of human cases. The establishment of the rhesus macaque as a model of COVID-19 will increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease and will aid development and testing of medical countermeasures."}, {"pmid": 32446793, "pmcid": "PMC7205723", "title": "Coronavirus: the geriatric emergency of 2020. Joint document of the Section on Geriatric Cardiology of the Spanish Society of Cardiology and the Spanish Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology.", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Bonanad, Clara", "Garcia-Blas, Sergio", "Tarazona-Santabalbina, Francisco Jose", "Diez-Villanueva, Pablo", "Ayesta, Ana", "Sanchis Fores, Juan", "Vidan-Austiz, Maria Teresa", "Formiga, Francesc", "Ariza-Sole, Albert", "Martinez-Selles, Manuel"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446793", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 infection, also known as COVID-19 (coronavirus infectious disease-19), was first identified in December 2019. In Spain, the first case of this infection was diagnosed on 31 January, 2020 and, by 15 April 2020, has caused 18 579 deaths, especially in the elderly. Due to the rapidly evolving situation regarding this disease, the data reported in this article may be subject to modifications. The older population are particularly susceptible to COVID-19 infection and to developing severe disease. The higher morbidity and mortality rates in older people have been associated with comorbidity, especially cardiovascular disease, and frailty, which weakens the immune response. Due to both the number of affected countries and the number of cases, the current situation constitutes an ongoing pandemic and a major health emergency. Because Spain has one of the largest older populations in the world, COVID-19 has emerged as a geriatric emergency. This document has been prepared jointly between the Section on Geriatric Cardiology of the Spanish Society of Cardiology and the Spanish Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology."}, {"pmid": 32371160, "pmcid": "PMC7194054", "title": "Early signs that COVID-19 is being contained in Australia.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Chin, Ken Lee", "Ofori-Asenso, Richard", "Jordan, Kaylee A", "Jones, Daryl", "Liew, Danny"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371160", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510173, "title": "Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms admitted to Jianghan Fangcang Shelter Hospital in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zheng, Ting", "Yang, Chao", "Wang, Han-Yu", "Chen, Xiao", "Yu, Li", "Wu, Zi-Ling", "Sun, Hui"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510173", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a health emergency worldwide, and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are increasingly reported in COVID-19 patients. However, sample size was small and the incidence of GI symptoms in patients was variable across studies, and the correlation between these symptoms and clinical outcomes remains incompletely understood. The objective of this study is to compare clinical characteristics and outcomes between patients with and without GI symptoms admitted to Jianghan Fangcang Shelter Hospital in Wuhan. All patients admitted to Jianghan Fangcang Shelter Hospital were evaluated. Data on epidemiological and clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, treatment procedures, and clinical outcomes were retrieved from electronic medical records. This retrospective study recruited 1320 COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital from February 5, 2020, to March 9, 2020. On the basis of the presence of GI symptoms, the sample was divided into a GI group (n=192) and a non-GI group (n=1128). The most common GI symptoms were diarrhea (8.1%), anorexia (4.7%), and nausea and vomiting (4.3%). The risk of clinical deterioration was significantly higher in the GI group than in the non-GI group (15.6% vs. 10.1%, p=0.032). GI symptoms (p=0.045), male gender (p<0.001), and increased C-reactive protein (p=0.008) were independent risk factors for clinical worsening. The risk of clinical deterioration was significantly higher in the GI group. Furthermore, potential risk factors for developing GI symptoms, male gender, and increased C-reactive protein can help clinicians predict clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32318805, "pmcid": "PMC7171913", "title": "Treating neovascular age-related macular degeneration in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Antaki, Fares", "Dirani, Ali"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318805", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341785, "pmcid": "PMC7180634", "title": "Nationwide system to centralize decisions around ECMO use for severe COVID-19 pneumonia in Japan (Special Correspondence).", "journal": "J Intensive Care", "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341785", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading in Japan. We have collected a total of 26 patients with COVID-19 who required extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (ECMO). The available data from the first 14 cases demonstrated that the median age of patients was 71 and the median PaO2/FIO2 ratio, positive end-expiratory pressure, mean airway pressure, and lung compliance were 70, 15 cmH2O, 21 cmH2O, and 28\u2009mL/cmH2O, respectively. Median serum KL-6 level was 333\u2009U/mL. Consequently, 16 (62%) out of the 26 have been weaned off and 6 (26%) have been extubated and on rehabilitation, while the other 10 (38%) remain on ECMO. There seemed to be two phenotypes of COVID-19: one with impaired lung compliance and one with preserved lung compliance. The latter phenotype was likely to be favored from the use of ECMO. Further investigation is necessary to clasrify the optimal use of ECMO in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32333832, "pmcid": "PMC7267372", "title": "Skin cancer triage and management during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Tagliaferri, Luca", "Di Stefani, Alessandro", "Schinzari, Giovanni", "Fionda, Bruno", "Rossi, Ernesto", "Del Regno, Laura", "Gentileschi, Stefano", "Federico, Francesco", "Valentini, Vincenzo", "Tortora, Giampaolo", "Peris, Ketty"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333832", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The worldwide medical community is striving to pursue the most appropriate clinical choices in the worst event of pandemic of the modern times [1], with over 1 million patients affected by COVID-19 (i.e., swab positive patients with or without symptoms) reported so far [1]. In this context, the aim of the ideal management of cancer patients is to achieve the best possible balance between the two different issues to be considered, which include the risk of cancer progression and the risk of infectious disease."}, {"pmid": 32309813, "pmcid": "PMC7162625", "title": "Unity amidst uncertainty: COVID-19 pandemic fosters collaboration in rheumatology community.", "journal": "Lancet Rheumatol", "authors": ["The Lancet Rheumatology"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32309813", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373237, "pmcid": "PMC7196305", "title": "Multicenter cohort study demonstrates more consolidation in upper lungs on initial CT increases the risk of adverse clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Theranostics", "authors": ["Yu, Qian", "Wang, Yuancheng", "Huang, Shan", "Liu, Songqiao", "Zhou, Zhen", "Zhang, Shijun", "Zhao, Zhen", "Yu, Yizhou", "Yang, Yi", "Ju, Shenghong"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373237", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rationale: Chest computed tomography (CT) has been used for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) monitoring. However, the imaging risk factors for poor clinical outcomes remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to assess the imaging characteristics and risk factors associated with adverse composite endpoints in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods: This retrospective cohort study enrolled patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from 24 designated hospitals in Jiangsu province, China, between 10 January and 18 February 2020. Clinical and initial CT findings at admission were extracted from medical records. Patients aged < 18 years or without available clinical or CT records were excluded. The composite endpoints were admission to ICU, acute respiratory failure occurrence, or shock during hospitalization. The volume, density, and location of lesions, including ground-glass opacity (GGO) and consolidation, were quantitatively analyzed in each patient. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify the risk factors among age and CT parameters associated with the composite endpoints. Results: In this study, 625 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients were enrolled; among them, 179 patients without an initial CT at admission and 25 patients aged < 18 years old were excluded and 421 patients were included in analysis. The median age was 48.0 years and the male proportion was 53% (224/421). During the follow-up period, 64 (15%) patients had a composite endpoint. There was an association of older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.06; P = 0.003), larger consolidation lesions in the upper lung (Right: OR, 1.13; 95%CI: 1.03-1.25, P =0.01; Left: OR,1.15; 95%CI: 1.01-1.32; P = 0.04) with increased odds of adverse endpoints. Conclusion: There was an association of older age and larger consolidation in upper lungs on admission with higher odds of poor outcomes in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32509006, "pmcid": "PMC7271730", "title": "COVID-19 related stress exacerbates common physical and mental pathologies and affects treatment (Review).", "journal": "Exp Ther Med", "authors": ["Tsamakis, Konstantinos", "S Triantafyllis, Andreas", "Tsiptsios, Dimitrios", "Spartalis, Eleftherios", "Mueller, Christoph", "Tsamakis, Charalampos", "Chaidou, Sofia", "A Spandidos, Demetrios", "Fotis, Lampros", "Economou, Marina", "Rizos, Emmanouil"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509006", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global public health emergency resulting in unprecedented individual and societal fear and anxiety. The stress surrounding this biothreat appears to have clinical implications in all aspects of medicine, both in mental and physical health spheres. The impact of COVID-19 related anxiety in Cardiology, Paediatrics, Oncology, Dermatology, Neurology and Mental Health and how it affects treatments is discussed. Moreover, the need for introducing novel communication and therapeutic approaches is highlighted in the new landscape of the COVID-19 era."}, {"pmid": 32369280, "pmcid": "PMC7217555", "title": "Lupus Anticoagulant and Abnormal Coagulation Tests in Patients with Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Bowles, Louise", "Platton, Sean", "Yartey, Nada", "Dave, Minal", "Lee, Kurtis", "Hart, Daniel P", "MacDonald, Vickie", "Green, Laura", "Sivapalaratnam, Suthesh", "Pasi, K John", "MacCallum, Peter"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369280", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32074480, "title": "COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 3 (Reporting week ending 19:00 AEDT 15 February 2020).", "journal": "Commun Dis Intell (2018)", "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32074480", "countries": ["Australia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is the third epidemiological report for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), previously known as novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), from the virus now known as SARS-CoV-2, reported in Australia as at 19:00 Australian Eastern Daylight Time [AEDT] 15 February 2020. It includes data on the COVID-19 Australian cases, the international situation and current information on the severity, transmission and spread."}, {"pmid": 32496364, "title": "Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: Friend or Foe?", "journal": "Cardiol Rev", "authors": ["Shyh, Grace I", "Nawarskas, James J", "Cheng-Lai, Angela"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496364", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "When the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) wreaked an unprecedented havoc of an escalating number of deaths and hospitalization in the United States, clinicians were faced with a myriad of unanswered questions, one of the them being the implication of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in patients with COVID-19. Animal data and human studies have shown that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) increase the expression of ACE2. ACE2 is an enzyme found in the heart, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, and lung and is a coreceptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2), the virus responsible for COVID-19. Therefore, one can speculate that discontinuing ACE inhibitor or ARB therapy may lead to decreased ACE2 expression, thereby attenuating the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2, and mitigating the disease progression of COVID-19. However, several studies have also shown that ACE2 exhibits reno- and cardioprotection and preserves lung function in acute respiratory distress syndrome, which would favor ACE inhibitor or ARB therapy. This article is to examine and summarize the 2 opposing viewpoints and provide guideline recommendations to support the use or discontinuation of ACE inhibitors and ARBs in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32336007, "pmcid": "PMC7267128", "title": "DPP4 inhibition: Preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or progression of COVID-19?", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Res Rev", "authors": ["Strollo, Rocky", "Pozzilli, Paolo"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336007", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), also known as cluster of differentiation 26 (CD26), is a serine exopeptidase expressed ubiquitously in several tissues, including but not limited to lung, kidney, liver, gut, and immune cells. The question has been raised on whether DPP4 modulation or inhibition may prevent infection and/or progression of the COVID-19. A docked complex model of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and DPP4 has been proposed, showing a large interface between the proteins and proposing close similarity with other coronaviruses using DPP4 as functional receptor. In absence of experimental validation, these data should be interpreted with caution. Nevertheless, this observation may rise the question on whether DPP4 is directly involved in SARS-CoV-2 cell adhesion/virulence, and whether DPP4 inhibition might be a therapeutic strategy for preventing infection. Although a direct involvement of DPP4 in SARS-CoV-2 infection needs to be clarified, there is also evidence suggesting that DPP4 inhibitors modulate inflammation and exert anti-fibrotic activity. These properties may be of potential use for halting progression to the hyperinflammatory state associated with severe COVID-19. Taken together these findings may suggest a potential role for DPP4 inhibition or modulation in one or more steps of COVID-19 immunopathogenesis."}, {"pmid": 32331516, "pmcid": "PMC7181400", "title": "Can mathematical modelling solve the current Covid-19 crisis?", "journal": "BMC Public Health", "authors": ["Panovska-Griffiths, Jasmina"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331516", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since COVID-19 transmission started in late January, mathematical modelling has been at the forefront of shaping the decisions around different non-pharmaceutical interventions to confine its' spread in the UK and worldwide. This Editorial discusses the importance of modelling in understanding Covid-19 spread, highlights different modelling approaches and suggests that while modelling is important, no one model can give all the answers."}, {"pmid": 32329563, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 and prevalence of chronic liver disease: A meta-analysis.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Mantovani, Alessandro", "Beatrice, Giorgia", "Dalbeni, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329563", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At present, there is scarce information regarding the global prevalence of chronic liver disease in individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease, which is becoming a global pandemic. The aim of this study was to assess the overall prevalence of chronic liver disease among patients with COVID-19 disease by meta-analysing data in observational studies and to investigate the relationship between liver damage and COVID-19 disease. We included 11 observational studies for a total of 2034 adult individuals (median age 49\u00a0years [IQR 45-54], 57.2% men). The overall prevalence of chronic liver disease at baseline was 3% (95% CI 2%-4%; I2 \u00a0=\u00a029.1%). Individuals with severe COVID-19 disease had relevant alterations of liver enzymes and coagulative profile, probably due to the innate immune response against the virus. Further studies are needed to better investigate the causes of liver injury in patients with COVID-19 disease and the effect of treatment for COVID-19 on the liver."}, {"pmid": 32472939, "title": "Assessing the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Switzerland.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Lemaitre, Joseph C", "Perez-Saez, Javier", "Azman, Andrew S", "Rinaldo, Andrea", "Fellay, Jacques"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472939", "countries": ["Switzerland"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Following the rapid dissemination of COVID-19 cases in Switzerland, large-scale non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were implemented by the cantons and the federal government between 28 February and 20 March 2020. Estimates of the impact of these interventions on SARS-CoV-2 transmission are critical for decision making in this and future outbreaks. We here aim to assess the impact of these NPIs on disease transmission by estimating changes in the basic reproduction number (R0) at national and cantonal levels in relation to the timing of these NPIs. We estimated the time-varying R0 nationally and in eleven cantons by fitting a stochastic transmission model explicitly simulating within-hospital dynamics. We used individual-level data from more than 1000 hospitalised patients in Switzerland and public daily reports of hospitalisations and deaths. We estimated the national R0 to be 2.8 (95% confidence interval 2.1&ndash;3.8) at the beginning of the epidemic. Starting from around 7 March, we found a strong reduction in time-varying R0 with a 86% median decrease (95% quantile range [QR] 79&ndash;90%) to a value of 0.40 (95% QR 0.3&ndash;0.58) in the period of 29 March to 5 April. At the cantonal level, R0 decreased over the course of the epidemic between 53% and 92%. Reductions in time-varying R0 were synchronous with changes in mobility patterns as estimated through smartphone activity, which started before the official implementation of NPIs. We inferred that most of the reduction of transmission is attributable to behavioural changes as opposed to natural immunity, the latter accounting for only about 4% of the total reduction in effective transmission. As Switzerland considers relaxing some of the restrictions of social mixing, current estimates of time-varying R0 well below one are promising. However, as of 24 April 2020, at least 96% (95% QR 95.7&ndash;96.4%) of the Swiss population remains susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. These results warrant a cautious relaxation of social distance practices and close monitoring of changes in both the basic and effective reproduction numbers."}, {"pmid": 32512289, "title": "Neutralizing antibodies mediate virus-immune pathology of COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Jacobs, J J L"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512289", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a novel beta-coronavirus causing over 200.000 lethal cases within six months of first infecting humans. SARS-CoV-2 causes COVID-19, a form of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). COVID-19 is characterized by two phases: the first resembles the flu with pneumonia, but after about seven or eight days the disease suddenly worsens to a sepsis-like syndrome. It is difficult to explain this virus-immune-pathology sequence from virology or immunology only. This paper hypothesizes that host-produced anti-spike protein antibodies are responsible for immune-induced viral dissemination. Subsequently, systemic distribution of virus-antibodies complexes activates the immune pathology observed in severe COVID-19. This hypothesis may be counterintuitive to immunologist that consider many anti-spike antibodies to be virus-neutralizing antibodies. Although anti-spike antibodies may hinder infection of epithelial cells, antibody binding to the spike protein may facilitate virus infection of myeloid leukocytes. If myeloid leukocytes reenter the circulation, they could spread the virus from a locoregional infection to a systemic disease. Disseminated virus in combination with antibodies results in dispersed virus-antibody complexes that overstimulate the immune system. The hypothesis aligns with the sequences of virus, immune and pathological events in COVID-19. The delay in onset from both syndromes results from an immune system still na\u00efve to the non-cross-reactive spike protein. Details of this hypothesis are in concordance with many clinical characteristics of COVID-19, including its predominant lethality for the elderly, and the mostly asymptomatic course of disease in children. It predicts putative detrimental effects of vaccines that induce virus-neutralizing antibodies against the spike protein, as has been shown for other coronaviruses. This hypothesis has consequences for treatment of patients, evaluation of personal and herd immunity and vaccine development. In patients, cellular immunity should be stimulated. Neutralizing antibodies might not be indicative for immunity. Vaccines should aim to stimulate cellular immunity COVID-19 and/or stimulate humoral immunity against viral proteins except for the immunodominant spike protein."}, {"pmid": 32533292, "title": "Targeting the immunology of coronavirus disease-19: synchronization creates symphony.", "journal": "Rheumatol Int", "authors": ["Ahmed, Sakir", "Anirvan, Prajna"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533292", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404219, "title": "Covid-19 and its impact on child and adolescent psychiatry - a German and personal perspective.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Fegert, Jorg M", "Schulze, Ulrike M E"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404219", "countries": ["Germany"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As in other European countries, the current Covid-19 pandemic has not only massively restricted normal life in Germany, it is also having a significant effect on medical treatment, particularly in the areas of child and adolescent psychiatric care, as well as on university teaching. The federal structure of Germany and epidemiological differences between individual federal states has had a crucial impact on the regulations issued and their success. During the last number of weeks, tele-child-psychiatry and psychotherapy have increased, and outpatient services have been used cautiously and sparingly. Medical staff numbers will be augmented by doctors and nurses returning from retirement and also by medical students on a voluntary basis. The federal government has warned that discrepancies in education will increase due to the closure of schools. Questions of child protection are currently of particular importance in the context of such closures and the non-availability of day-care centres."}, {"pmid": 32516795, "title": "Asthma and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Literature Review.", "journal": "Int Arch Allergy Immunol", "authors": ["Morais-Almeida, Mario", "Pite, Helena", "Aguiar, Rita", "Ansotegui, Ignacio", "Bousquet, Jean"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516795", "countries": ["United States", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Even though respiratory viruses are one of the most common triggers for asthma exacerbations, not all of these viruses affect patients equally. There is no strong evidence supporting that patients with asthma have a higher risk of becoming seriously ill from coronavirus disease 2019 (CO-VID-19), although recent reports from the USA and the UK suggest that asthma is much more common in children and adults with mild to severe COVID-19 than has previously been reported in Asia and in Europe. As in previous severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreaks, patients with asthma, especially children, appear to be less susceptible to the coronavirus with a low rate of asthma exacerbations. A different expression of viral receptors and T2 inflammation can be responsible for different outcomes. Future studies focused on asthma and on other allergic disorders are needed to provide a greater understanding of the impact of underlying asthma and allergic inflammation on COVID-19 susceptibility and disease severity. However, for the moment, it is crucial that asthmatic patients maintain their controller medication, from inhaled corticosteroids to biologics, without making any dose adjustments on their own or stopping the medication. New data are emerging daily, rapidly updating our understanding of this novel coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32303923, "pmcid": "PMC7164703", "title": "Symptoms, Stress, and HIV-Related Care Among Older People Living with HIV During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Miami, Florida.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Algarin, Angel B", "Varas-Rodriguez, Emil", "Valdivia, Chelsea", "Fennie, Kristopher P", "Larkey, Linda", "Hu, Nan", "Ibanez, Gladys E"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303923", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32318330, "pmcid": "PMC7169905", "title": "Rewriting the rules for care of MDS and AML patients in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Leuk Res Rep", "authors": ["Raza, Azra", "Assal, Amer", "Ali, Abdullah M", "Jurcic, Joseph G"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318330", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The care of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been radically altered by COVID-19, especially in New York City, the epicenter of the pandemic. Here we summarize how telemedicine, virtual visits, delayed transfusions, and chemotherapy, preferably selecting self-administered medications and visits by home healthcare workers, are employed to minimize exposure of our high-risk population of patients to the virus. The unique challenges of transplants during the pandemic and the consequences of an abrupt halt in all non-essential research activities are described. Not all the changes forced by COVID-19 are detrimental."}, {"pmid": 32521564, "title": "Viral enanthema in oral mucosa: a possible diagnostic challenge in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Rocha, Breno Amaral", "Souto, Giovanna Ribeiro", "de Mattos Camargo Grossmann, Soraya", "de Aguiar, Maria Cassia Ferreira", "de Andrade, Bruno Augusto Benevenuto", "Romanach, Mario Jose", "Horta, Martinho Campolina Rebello"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521564", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recalcati (2020), for example, reported that 20.4% of 88 COVID-19 patients presented cutaneous manifestations such as erythematous rash, generalized urticaria and vesicles. They suggested that the skin lesions were similar to ones found in common viral diseases but emphasized that additional studies are necessary to confirm its association with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32235939, "title": "Share mobile and social-media data to curb COVID-19.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["McKendry, Rachel A", "Rees, Geraint", "Cox, Ingemar J", "Johnson, Anne", "Edelstein, Michael", "Eland, Andrew", "Stevens, Molly M", "Heymann, David"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235939", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414013, "title": "Government Intervention, Risk Perception, and the Adoption of Protective Action Recommendations: Evidence from the COVID-19 Prevention and Control Experience of China.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Duan, Taixiang", "Jiang, Hechao", "Deng, Xiangshu", "Zhang, Qiongwen", "Wang, Fang"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414013", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study examines the relationships between government interventions, risk perception, and the public's adoption of protective action recommendations (PARs) during the COVID-19 coronavirus disease emergency in mainland China. We conducted quota sampling based on the proportion of the population in each province and gender ratios in the Sixth Census and obtained a sample size of 3837. Government intervention was divided into government communication, government prevention and control, and government rescue. We used multiple regression and a bootstrap mediation effect test to study the mechanism of these three forms of government intervention on the public's adoption of PARs. The results show that government prevention and control and government rescue significantly increased the likelihood of the public adopting PARs. Risk perception was significantly associated with the public's adoption of PARs. The effects of government interventions and risk perception on the public's adoption of PARs was not found to vary by region. Risk perception is identified as an important mediating factor between government intervention and the public's adoption of PARs. These results indicate that increasing the public's risk perception is an effective strategy for governments seeking to encourage the public to adopt PARs during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32381644, "pmcid": "PMC7202944", "title": "Violence against women during covid-19 pandemic restrictions.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Roesch, Elisabeth", "Amin, Avni", "Gupta, Jhumka", "Garcia-Moreno, Claudia"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381644", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32390656, "pmcid": "PMC7206417", "title": "Unemployment in the time of COVID-19: A research agenda.", "journal": "J Vocat Behav", "authors": ["Blustein, David L", "Duffy, Ryan", "Ferreira, Joaquim A", "Cohen-Scali, Valerie", "Cinamon, Rachel Gali", "Allan, Blake A"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390656", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This essay represents the collective vision of a group of scholars in vocational psychology who have sought to develop a research agenda in response to the massive global unemployment crisis that has been evoked by the COVID-19 pandemic. The research agenda includes exploring how this unemployment crisis may differ from previous unemployment periods; examining the nature of the grief evoked by the parallel loss of work and loss of life; recognizing and addressing the privilege of scholars; examining the inequality that underlies the disproportionate impact of the crisis on poor and working class communities; developing a framework for evidence-based interventions for unemployed individuals; and examining the work-family interface and unemployment among youth."}, {"pmid": 32434831, "title": "Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of COVID-19 patients with pre-existing cirrhosis: a multicentre cohort study.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Qi, Xiaolong", "Liu, Yanna", "Wang, Jitao", "Fallowfield, Jonathan A", "Wang, Jianwen", "Li, Xinyu", "Shi, Jindong", "Pan, Hongqiu", "Zou, Shengqiang", "Zhang, Hongguang", "Chen, Zhenhuai", "Li, Fujian", "Luo, Yan", "Mei, Mei", "Liu, Huiling", "Wang, Zhengyan", "Li, Jinlin", "Yang, Hua", "Xiang, Huihua", "Li, Xiaodan", "Liu, Tao", "Zheng, Ming-Hua", "Liu, Chuan", "Huang, Yifei", "Xu, Dan", "Li, Xiaoguo", "Kang, Ning", "He, Qing", "Gu, Ye", "Zhang, Guo", "Shao, Chuxiao", "Liu, Dengxiang", "Zhang, Lin", "Li, Xun", "Kawada, Norifumi", "Jiang, Zicheng", "Wang, Fengmei", "Xiong, Bin", "Takehara, Tetsuo", "Rockey, Don C"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434831", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472679, "title": "Surgical mask partition reduces the risk of non-contact transmission in a golden Syrian hamster model for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo", "Yuan, Shuofeng", "Zhang, Anna Jinxia", "Poon, Vincent Kwok-Man", "Chan, Chris Chung-Sing", "Lee, Andrew Chak-Yiu", "Fan, Zhimeng", "Li, Can", "Liang, Ronghui", "Cao, Jianli", "Tang, Kaiming", "Luo, Cuiting", "Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung", "Cai, Jian-Piao", "Chu, Hin", "Chan, Kwok-Hung", "To, Kelvin Kai-Wang", "Sridhar, Siddharth", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472679", "countries": ["Syrian Arab Republic"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is believed to be mostly transmitted by medium-to-large sized respiratory droplets although airborne transmission is theoretically possible in healthcare settings involving aerosol-generating procedures. Exposure to respiratory droplets can theoretically be reduced by surgical mask usage. However, there is a lack of experimental evidence supporting surgical mask usage for prevention of COVID-19. We used a well-established golden Syrian hamster SARS-CoV-2 model. We placed SARS-CoV-2-challenged index hamsters and na\u00efve hamsters into closed system units each comprising two different cages separated by a polyvinyl chloride air porous partition with unidirectional airflow within the isolator. The effect of a surgical mask partition placed in between the cages was investigated. Besides clinical scoring, hamster specimens were tested for viral load, histopathology, and viral nucleocapsid antigen expression. Non-contact transmission was found in 66.7% (10/15) of exposed na\u00efve hamsters. Surgical mask partition for challenged index or na\u00efve hamsters significantly reduced transmission to 25% (6/24, P=0.018). Surgical mask partition for challenged index hamsters significantly reduced transmission to only 16.7% (2/12, P=0.019) of exposed na\u00efve hamsters. Unlike the severe COVID-19 manifestations of challenged hamsters, infected na\u00efve hamsters had lower clinical scores, milder histopathological changes, and lower viral nucleocapsid antigen expression in respiratory tract tissues. SARS-CoV-2 could be transmitted by respiratory droplets or airborne droplet nuclei in the hamster model. Such transmission could be reduced by surgical mask usage, especially when masks were worn by infected individuals."}, {"pmid": 32129672, "title": "COVID-19: What Can We Learn From Stories From the Trenches?", "journal": "Can Assoc Radiol J", "authors": ["Patlas, Michael N"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32129672", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496247, "title": "Genome analysis of SARS-CoV-2 isolates occurring in India: Present scenario.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Devendran, Ragunathan", "Kumar, Manish", "Chakraborty, Supriya"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496247", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The origin of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still a debatable topic. The association of the virus spread from the market is supported by the close relation of genome sequences of environmental surface samples with virus samples from earliest patients by phylogenetic analysis. To have an insight into the SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences reported from India for better understanding on their epidemiology and virulence. Genome sequences of Indian isolates of SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed to understand their phylogeny and divergence with respect to other isolates reported from other countries. Amino acid sequences of individual open reading frames (ORFs) from SARS-CoV-2 Indian isolates were aligned with sequences of isolates reported from other countries to identify the mutations occurred in Indian isolates. Our analysis suggests that Indian SARS-CoV-2 isolates are closely related to isolates reported from other parts of the world. Most ORFs are highly conserved; mutations were also detected in some ORFs. We found that most isolates reported from India have key mutations at 614th position of the S protein and 84th position of the ORF 8, which has been reported to be associated with high virulence and high transmission rate. An attempt was made to understand the SARS-CoV-2 virus reported from India. SARS-CoV-2 reported from India was closely similar to other SARS-CoV-2 reported from other parts of the world, which suggests that vaccines and other therapeutic methods generated from other countries might work well in India. In addition, available sequence data suggest that majority of Indian isolates are capable of high transmission and virulence."}, {"pmid": 32350104, "pmcid": "PMC7191112", "title": "COVID-19 and nicotine as a mediator of ACE-2.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Leung, Janice M", "Yang, Chen Xi", "Sin, Don D"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350104", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302810, "pmcid": "PMC7151283", "title": "Changes in air quality during the lockdown in Barcelona (Spain) one month into the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Tobias, Aurelio", "Carnerero, Cristina", "Reche, Cristina", "Massague, Jordi", "Via, Marta", "Minguillon, Maria Cruz", "Alastuey, Andres", "Querol, Xavier"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302810", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lockdown measures came into force in Spain from March 14th, two weeks after the start of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, to reduce the epidemic curve. Our study aims to describe changes in air pollution levels during the lockdown measures in the city of Barcelona (NE Spain), by studying the time evolution of atmospheric pollutants recorded at the urban background and traffic air quality monitoring stations. After two weeks of lockdown, urban air pollution markedly decreased but with substantial differences among pollutants. The most significant reduction was estimated for BC and NO2 (-45 to -51%), pollutants mainly related to traffic emissions. A lower reduction was observed for PM10 (-28 to -31.0%). By contrast, O3 levels increased (+33 to +57% of the 8\u202fh daily maxima), probably due to lower titration of O3 by NO and the decrease of NOx in a VOC-limited environment. Relevant differences in the meteorology of these two periods were also evidenced. The low reduction for PM10 is probably related to a significant regional contribution and the prevailing secondary origin of fine aerosols, but an in-depth evaluation has to be carried out to interpret this lower decrease. There is no defined trend for the low SO2 levels, probably due to the preferential reduction in emissions from the least polluting ships. A reduction of most pollutants to minimal concentrations are expected for the forthcoming weeks because of the more restrictive actions implemented for a total lockdown, which entered into force on March 30th. There are still open questions on why PM10 levels were much less reduced than BC and NO2 and on what is the proportion of the abatement of pollution directly related to the lockdown, without meteorological interferences."}, {"pmid": 32209551, "title": "Covid-19: local implementation of tracing and testing programmes could enable some schools to reopen.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Pollock, Allyson M"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209551", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512503, "title": "Chest CT in coronavirus pandemic. Are there really age based radiological and clinical differences?", "journal": "Eur J Radiol", "authors": ["Borrero, Rodrigo", "Marquez, Silvia", "Triana, Gustavo"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512503", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482142, "title": "Back to the Future: Principles on Resuming Outpatient Services in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Valika, Taher S", "Billings, Kathleen R"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482142", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapidly changing health care climate related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in numerous changes to health care systems and in practices that protect both the public and the workers who serve in hospitals around the country. As a result, these past few months have seen a drastic reduction in outpatient visits. With phased reopening and appropriate guidance, health care systems are attempting to return to normal. The experiences and lessons learned are described, and we provide guiding principles to allow for a safe and effective return to outpatient care."}, {"pmid": 32514320, "pmcid": "PMC7267540", "title": "COVID-US: A simplified approach to cardiopulmonary ultrasound in suspected and confirmed COVID-19 patients in surge crisis.", "journal": "Australas J Ultrasound Med", "authors": ["Yang, Yang", "Anstey, James", "Yastrebov, Konstantin", "Nanjayya, Vinodh Bhagyalakshmi", "Orde, Sam", "Nalos, Marek", "Costello, Cartan", "Ryan, Nicholas Patrick George"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514320", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed an unprecedented challenge on healthcare systems across the globe. Rapid assessment of the cardiorespiratory function to monitor disease progression and guide treatment is essential. Therefore, we have designed the COVID-US: a simplified cardiopulmonary ultrasound approach to use in suspected and confirmed COVID-19 patients, to aid front-line health workers in their decision-making in a surge crisis."}, {"pmid": 32362542, "pmcid": "PMC7194988", "title": "Preventing Contamination During Transesophageal Echocardiography in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Jain, Ankit"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362542", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32300496, "pmcid": "PMC7158591", "title": "Coronavirus Disease: A Review of a New Threat to Public Health.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Ramphul, Kamleshun", "Mejias, Stephanie G"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300496", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, several patients from Wuhan, China were admitted to hospitals with symptoms of pneumonia. As the number of patients presenting with similar symptoms started to rise, the causative agent was eventually isolated from samples. It was initially called the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and has been recently relabelled as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2);\u00a0the disease it causes has been named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Over the next few weeks, the virus spread from Wuhan to affect different provinces in China and, after a few months, it is now present in 109 countries. As of\u00a0March 10, 2020, there have been 113,702 confirmed cases globally, and 4,012 deaths have been registered. The World Health Organization (WHO) called COVID-19\u00a0a pandemic on March 11, 2020. There are multiple drug trials going on with some positive results. However, since no vaccine is available, the best way to combat the virus is by preventive methods."}, {"pmid": 32426559, "pmcid": "PMC7229940", "title": "News coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic: Missed opportunities to promote health sustaining behaviors.", "journal": "Infect Dis Health", "authors": ["Basch, Corey H", "Hillyer, Grace Clarke", "Erwin, Zoe Meleo-", "Mohlma, Jan", "Cosgrove, Alison", "Quinones, Nasia"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426559", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given that individuals may make health decisions based on mass media coverage, and given that such decisions have broad consequences in the case of highly contagious infectious disease, it is imperative that public health practitioners are aware of mass media coverage on emerging health threats such as COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to examine the content of news segments covering COVID-19 posted on-line. Using the Google Videos function on a cleared browser, all videos identified from January and February, 2020 were archived by URL for analysis. After applying exclusion criteria, a total of 401 remained, comprising the sample. Content categories derived from trusted sources were applied to assess the content of broadcast news segments pertaining to COVID-19 on Google Videos. The most common topic mentioned across all videos was death and the death rate (43.6%) and many connoted anxieties surrounding the COVID-19 outbreak (37.4%). Critically important information about the prevention of COVID-19 spread received little attention. For example, only 3.0% of videos discussed coughing into or blowing one's nose into a tissue and throwing the tissue away, 6.2% talked about wearing a facemask when caring for the ill, and 8.8% covered disinfecting highly touched objects and surfaces. International videos more often presented captions and English subtitles (with and without narration) (7.8% vs. 0.9%, p\u00a0=\u00a00.018) and even more frequently discussed death and the death rate associated with COVID-19 (56.9% vs. 41.7%, p\u00a0=\u00a00.04). Coupled with the resultant increase in negative emotion, the majority of video messages missed an opportunity to reframe messages to encourage/promote coping strategies and health sustaining behaviors."}, {"pmid": 32354799, "pmcid": "PMC7211096", "title": "COVID-19 and acute myocardial injury: the heart of the matter or an innocent bystander?", "journal": "Heart", "authors": ["Cheng, Richard", "Leedy, Douglas"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354799", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417996, "pmcid": "PMC7229701", "title": "BCG versus COVID-19: impact on urology.", "journal": "World J Urol", "authors": ["Desouky, Elsayed"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417996", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To search for evidence base for using BCG in the fight against COVID-19 and the possible impact of these clinical trials on urology practice. A literature review about the basis of the ongoing clinical trials using BCG against COVID-19, as well as the use of BCG in urology and if there are any implications of these trials on our practice. Based on data from some epidemiological studies, there are some current clinical trials on the use BCG as a possible prophylactic vaccine against SARS CoV-2 which can affect urology practice. Urologists are already struggling with the global shortage of BCG which can be even more aggravated by such trials. In addition, if the ongoing trials proved the efficacy of BCG as a prophylaxis against COVID-19, this may open the door to more urological research opportunities to question the possibility that intra-vesical BCG, given its systemic immunologic effect, may have been protective to this subgroup of urological patients. The ongoing clinical trials using BCG against COVID-19 can affect our urology practice. We need to stay vigilant to such impacts: BCG shortage and possible new chances for urology research work."}, {"pmid": 32233562, "title": "A mathematical model for the novel coronavirus epidemic in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Math Biosci Eng", "authors": ["Yang, Cha Yu", "Wang, Jin"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233562", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We propose a mathematical model to investigate the current outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. Our model describes the multiple transmission pathways in the infection dynamics, and emphasizes the role of the environmental reservoir in the transmission and spread of this disease. Our model also employs non-constant transmission rates which change with the epidemiological status and environmental conditions and which reflect the impact of the on-going disease control measures. We conduct a detailed analysis of this model, and demonstrate its application using publicly reported data. Among other findings, our analytical and numerical results indicate that the coronavirus infection would remain endemic, which necessitates long-term disease prevention and intervention programs."}, {"pmid": 32489177, "pmcid": "PMC7268269", "title": "Authors' response: SARS-CoV-2 detection by real-time RT-PCR.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Corman, Victor M", "Drosten, Christian"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489177", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530494, "title": "Clinical outcomes of 402 patients with COVID-2019 from a single center in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wu, Yingjie", "Guo, Wei", "Liu, Huan", "Qi, Bei", "Liang, Ke", "Xu, Haibo", "Peng, Zhiyong", "Xiao, Shu-Yuan"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530494", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has become a pandemic with significant mortality. Published studies describing clinical characteristics of the disease contain small cohorts from individual centers or larger series consisting of mixed series from multiple different hospitals. We report here analyses of mortality and disease severity among 402 patients from a single hospital. The cohort includes 297 patients with confirmed and 105 with clinical diagnosis. The latter group consists of cases with inconclusive nucleic acid test but meeting the criteria for clinical diagnosis. Data are compared between genders and among different age groups. The overall case fatality is 5.2%. However, age at 70 years or older is associated with a significantly higher mortality (17.8%) and higher rate of severe and critical illness (57.5%). Case fatality is 8% in patients 50 years of age or older, and 1.2% in those younger than 50 years. In addition, case fatality is 7.6% in male patients, as opposed to 2.9% in females, demonstrating a clear gender difference. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32499295, "title": "Covid-19: Chief statistician criticises government over reporting of testing.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wise, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499295", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413319, "pmcid": "PMC7252096", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Receptor ACE2 Is an Interferon-Stimulated Gene in Human Airway Epithelial Cells and Is Detected in Specific Cell Subsets across Tissues.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Ziegler, Carly G K", "Allon, Samuel J", "Nyquist, Sarah K", "Mbano, Ian M", "Miao, Vincent N", "Tzouanas, Constantine N", "Cao, Yuming", "Yousif, Ashraf S", "Bals, Julia", "Hauser, Blake M", "Feldman, Jared", "Muus, Christoph", "Wadsworth, Marc H 2nd", "Kazer, Samuel W", "Hughes, Travis K", "Doran, Benjamin", "Gatter, G James", "Vukovic, Marko", "Taliaferro, Faith", "Mead, Benjamin E", "Guo, Zhiru", "Wang, Jennifer P", "Gras, Delphine", "Plaisant, Magali", "Ansari, Meshal", "Angelidis, Ilias", "Adler, Heiko", "Sucre, Jennifer M S", "Taylor, Chase J", "Lin, Brian", "Waghray, Avinash", "Mitsialis, Vanessa", "Dwyer, Daniel F", "Buchheit, Kathleen M", "Boyce, Joshua A", "Barrett, Nora A", "Laidlaw, Tanya M", "Carroll, Shaina L", "Colonna, Lucrezia", "Tkachev, Victor", "Peterson, Christopher W", "Yu, Alison", "Zheng, Hengqi Betty", "Gideon, Hannah P", "Winchell, Caylin G", "Lin, Philana Ling", "Bingle, Colin D", "Snapper, Scott B", "Kropski, Jonathan A", "Theis, Fabian J", "Schiller, Herbert B", "Zaragosi, Laure-Emmanuelle", "Barbry, Pascal", "Leslie, Alasdair", "Kiem, Hans-Peter", "Flynn, JoAnne L", "Fortune, Sarah M", "Berger, Bonnie", "Finberg, Robert W", "Kean, Leslie S", "Garber, Manuel", "Schmidt, Aaron G", "Lingwood, Daniel", "Shalek, Alex K", "Ordovas-Montanes, Jose"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413319", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is pressing urgency to understand the pathogenesis of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus clade 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes the disease COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein binds angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and in concert with host proteases, principally transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), promotes cellular entry. The cell subsets targeted by SARS-CoV-2 in host tissues and the factors that regulate ACE2 expression remain unknown. Here, we leverage human, non-human primate, and mouse single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets across health and disease to uncover putative targets of SARS-CoV-2 among tissue-resident cell subsets. We identify ACE2 and TMPRSS2 co-expressing cells within lung type II pneumocytes, ileal absorptive enterocytes, and nasal goblet secretory cells. Strikingly, we discovered that ACE2 is a human interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) in\u00a0vitro using airway epithelial cells and extend our findings to in\u00a0vivo viral infections. Our data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 could exploit species-specific interferon-driven upregulation of ACE2, a tissue-protective mediator during lung injury, to enhance infection."}, {"pmid": 32396983, "pmcid": "PMC7272983", "title": "Clinical Judgment Is Paramount When Performing Cognitive Screening during COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Phillips, Natalie A", "Andrew, Melissa", "Chertkow, Howard", "Pichora-Fuller, Margaret Kathleen", "Rockwood, Kenneth", "Wittich, Walter"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396983", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516624, "title": "Readability of online patient education material for the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a cross-sectional health literacy study.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Szmuda, T", "Ozdemir, C", "Ali, S", "Singh, A", "Syed, M T", "Sloniewski, P"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516624", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The internet has become one of the most important resources for the general population when searching for healthcare information. However, the information available is not always suitable for all readers because of its difficult readability. We sought to assess the readability of online information regarding the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and establish whether they follow the patient educational information reading level recommendations. This is a cross-sectional study. We searched five key terms on Google and the first 30 results from each of the searches were considered for analysis. Five validated readability tests were utilized to establish the reading level for each article. Of the 150 gathered articles, 61 met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated. None (0%) of the articles met the recommended 5th to 6th grade reading level (of an 11-12-year-old). The mean readability scores were Flesch Reading Ease 44.14, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level 12.04, Gunning-Fog Index 14.27, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook SMOG Index 10.71, and Coleman-Liau Index 12.69. Online educational articles on COVID-19 provide information too difficult to read for the general population. The readability of articles regarding COVID-19 and other diseases needs to improve so that the general population may understand health information better and may respond adequately to protect themselves and limit the spread of infection."}, {"pmid": 32401275, "title": "Global Effort to Collect Data on Ventilated Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Rubin, Rita"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401275", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299195, "title": "Keeping an eye on COVID-19: Ophthalmic care and triage for general practitioners.", "journal": "Aust J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Fung, Adrian T", "Yang, Xinyi", "Mack, Heather G"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299195", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ability of general practitioners to triage ophthalmic conditions appropriately is critical in our fight against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32369770, "title": "Endocrinology in the time of COVID-19: Management of pituitary tumours.", "journal": "Eur J Endocrinol", "authors": ["Fleseriu, Maria", "Dekkers, Olaf M", "Karavitaki, Niki"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369770", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with pituitary tumours, ensuing hormonal abnormalities and mass effects are usually followed in multidisciplinary pituitary clinics and can represent a management challenge even during the times of non-pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has put on hold routine medical care for hundreds of millions of patients around the globe, while many pituitary patients' evaluations cannot be delayed for too long. Furthermore, the majority of patients with pituitary tumours have co-morbidities potentially impacting the course and management of COVID-19 (e.g. hypopituitarism, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity and cardiovascular disease). Here, we summarize some of the diagnostic and management dilemmas encountered, and provide guidance on safe and as effective as possible delivery of care in the COVID-19 era. We also attempt to address how pituitary services should be remodelled in the event of similar crises, while maintaining or even improving patient outcomes. Regular review of these recommendations and further adjustments are needed, depending on the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic status. We consider that the utilization of successful models of pituitary multidisciplinary care implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic should continue after the crisis is over by using the valuable and exceptional experience gained during these challenging times."}, {"pmid": 32473976, "pmcid": "PMC7256558", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: A genetic, epidemiological, and evolutionary perspective.", "journal": "Infect Genet Evol", "authors": ["Sironi, Manuela", "Hasnain, Seyed E", "Rosenthal, Benjamin", "Phan, Tung", "Luciani, Fabio", "Shaw, Marie-Anne", "Sallum, M Anice", "Mirhashemi, Marzieh Ezzaty", "Morand, Serge", "Gonzalez-Candelas, Fernando"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473976", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In less than five months, COVID-19 has spread from a small focus in Wuhan, China, to more than 5 million people in almost every country in the world, dominating the concern of most governments and public health systems. The social and political distresses caused by this epidemic will certainly impact our world for a long time to come. Here, we synthesize lessons from a range of scientific perspectives rooted in epidemiology, virology, genetics, ecology and evolutionary biology so as to provide perspective on how this pandemic started, how it is developing, and how best we can stop it."}, {"pmid": 32467561, "pmcid": "PMC7255975", "title": "Immune response in COVID-19: addressing a pharmacological challenge by targeting pathways triggered by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Signal Transduct Target Ther", "authors": ["Catanzaro, Michele", "Fagiani, Francesca", "Racchi, Marco", "Corsini, Emanuela", "Govoni, Stefano", "Lanni, Cristina"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467561", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To date, no vaccines or effective drugs have been approved to prevent or treat COVID-19 and the current standard care relies on supportive treatments. Therefore, based on the fast and global spread of the virus, urgent investigations are warranted in order to develop preventive and therapeutic drugs. In this regard, treatments addressing the immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection have become a major focus. Notably, while a rapid and well-coordinated immune response represents the first line of defense against viral infection, excessive inflammatory innate response and impaired adaptive host immune defense may lead to tissue damage both at the site of virus entry and at systemic level. Several studies highlight relevant changes occurring both in innate and adaptive immune system in COVID-19 patients. In particular, the massive cytokine and chemokine release, the so-called \"cytokine storm\", clearly reflects a widespread uncontrolled dysregulation of the host immune defense. Although the prospective of counteracting cytokine storm is compelling, a major limitation relies on the limited understanding of the immune signaling pathways triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection. The identification of signaling pathways altered during viral infections may help to unravel the most relevant molecular cascades implicated in biological processes mediating viral infections and to unveil key molecular players that may be targeted. Thus, given the key role of the immune system in COVID-19, a deeper understanding of the mechanism behind the immune dysregulation might give us clues for the clinical management of the severe cases and for preventing the transition from mild to severe stages."}, {"pmid": 32220656, "pmcid": "PMC7270848", "title": "Viral screening before initiation of biologics in patients with inflammatory bowel disease during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Zingone, Fabiana", "Savarino, Edoardo Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220656", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282750, "title": "Laparoscopy at all costs? Not now during COVID-19 outbreak and not for acute care surgery and emergency colorectal surgery: A practical algorithm from a hub tertiary teaching hospital in Northern Lombardy, Italy.", "journal": "J Trauma Acute Care Surg", "authors": ["Di Saverio, Salomone", "Khan, Mansoor", "Pata, Francesco", "Ietto, Giuseppe", "De Simone, Belinda", "Zani, Elia", "Carcano, Giulio"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282750", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302379, "pmcid": "PMC7243149", "title": "The BTK inhibitor ibrutinib may protect against pulmonary injury in COVID-19-infected patients.", "journal": "Blood", "authors": ["Treon, Steven P", "Castillo, Jorge J", "Skarbnik, Alan P", "Soumerai, Jacob D", "Ghobrial, Irene M", "Guerrera, Maria Luisa", "Meid, Kirsten", "Yang, Guang"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302379", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422182, "pmcid": "PMC7228708", "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic and Acute Aortic Dissections in New York: A Matter of Public Health.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["El-Hamamsy, Ismail", "Brinster, Derek R", "DeRose, Joseph J", "Girardi, Leonard N", "Hisamoto, Kazuhiro", "Imam, Mohammed N", "Itagaki, Shinobu", "Kurlansky, Paul A", "Lau, Christopher", "Nemeth, Samantha", "Williams, Mathew", "Youdelman, Benjamin A", "Takayama, Hiroo"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422182", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459313, "title": "Weight-Based Dosing of Pembrolizumab Every 6 Weeks in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA Oncol", "authors": ["Goldstein, Daniel A", "Ratain, Mark J", "Saltz, Leonard B"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459313", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283221, "pmcid": "PMC7151285", "title": "A Comparison of Burnout Frequency Among Oncology Physicians and Nurses Working on the Frontline and Usual Wards During the COVID-19 Epidemic in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Wu, Yuan", "Wang, Jun", "Luo, Chenggang", "Hu, Sheng", "Lin, Xi", "Anderson, Aimee E", "Bruera, Eduardo", "Yang, Xiaoxin", "Wei, Shaozhong", "Qian, Yu"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283221", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China and has now spread worldwide. In the affected countries, physicians and nurses are under heavy workload conditions and are at high risk of infection. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of burnout between physicians and nurses on the frontline (FL) wards and those working in usual wards (UWs). A survey with a total of 49 questions was administered to 220 medical staff members from the COVID-19 FL and UWs, with a ratio of 1:1. General information, such as age, gender, marriage status, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-medical personnel, were gathered and compared. The group working on the FLs had a lower frequency of burnout (13% vs. 39%; P\u00a0<\u00a00.0001) and were less worried about being infected compared with the UW group. Compared with medical staff working on their UWs for uninfected patients, medical staff working on the COVID-19 FL ward had a lower frequency of burnout. These results suggest that in the face of the COVID-19 crisis, both FL ward and UW staff should be considered when policies and procedures to support the well-being of health care workers are devised."}, {"pmid": 32372810, "pmcid": "PMC7194620", "title": "How Hubei fought the virus.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Lu, Donna"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372810", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Doctors on the front line in the Chinese province where the coronavirus outbreak started tell Donna Lu about their experiences treating covid-19."}, {"pmid": 32314868, "pmcid": "PMC7264526", "title": "Is Adipose Tissue a Reservoir for Viral Spread, Immune Activation, and Cytokine Amplification in Coronavirus Disease 2019?", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Ryan, Paul MacDaragh", "Caplice, Noel M"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314868", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the worst pandemic in more than a century, has claimed >125,000 lives worldwide to date. Emerging predictors for poor outcomes include advanced age, male sex, preexisting cardiovascular disease, and risk factors including hypertension, diabetes, and, more recently, obesity. This article posits new obesity-driven predictors of poor COVID-19 outcomes, over and above the more obvious extant risks associated with obesity, including cardiometabolic disease and hypoventilation syndrome in intensive care patients. This article also outlines a theoretical mechanistic framework whereby adipose tissue in individuals with obesity may act as a reservoir for more extensive viral spread, with increased shedding, immune activation, and cytokine amplification. This paper proposes studies to test this reservoir concept with a focus on specific cytokine pathways that might be amplified in individuals with obesity and COVID-19. Finally, this paper underscores emerging therapeutic strategies that might benefit subsets of patients in which cytokine amplification is excessive and potentially fatal."}, {"pmid": 32466536, "title": "Graphene-Based Strategies in Liquid Biopsy and in Viral Diseases Diagnosis.", "journal": "Nanomaterials (Basel)", "authors": ["Cordaro, Annalaura", "Neri, Giulia", "Sciortino, Maria Teresa", "Scala, Angela", "Piperno, Anna"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466536", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Graphene-based materials are intriguing nanomaterials with applications ranging from nanotechnology-related devices to drug delivery systems and biosensing. Multifunctional graphene platforms were proposed for the detection of several typical biomarkers (i.e., circulating tumor cells, exosomes, circulating nucleic acids, etc.) in liquid biopsy, and numerous methods, including optical, electrochemical, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), etc., have been developed for their detection. Due to the massive advancements in biology, material chemistry, and analytical technology, it is necessary to review the progress in this field from both medical and chemical sides. Liquid biopsy is considered a revolutionary technique that is opening unexpected perspectives in the early diagnosis and, in therapy monitoring, severe diseases, including cancer, metabolic syndrome, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative disorders. Although nanotechnology based on graphene has been poorly applied for the rapid diagnosis of viral diseases, the extraordinary properties of graphene (i.e., high electronic conductivity, large specific area, and surface functionalization) can be also exploited for the diagnosis of emerging viral diseases, such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This review aimed to provide a comprehensive and in-depth summarization of the contribution of graphene-based nanomaterials in liquid biopsy, discussing the remaining challenges and the future trend; moreover, the paper gave the first look at the potentiality of graphene in COVID-19 diagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32346785, "pmcid": "PMC7186536", "title": "Response of ophthalmologists in Israel to the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak.", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Wasser, Lauren M", "Assayag, Elishai", "Tsessler, Maria", "Weill, Yishay", "Becker-Cohen, Michal", "Zadok, David"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346785", "countries": ["Israel"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has evolved into a formidable healthcare crisis. Ophthalmologists are at daily personal risk of acquiring and transmitting the virus. Implementation of official practical and protective guidelines can be challenging and is often absent. The purpose of this study was to describe the status of ophthalmology practice in Israel, at the early stages of the outbreak. A 17-item questionnaire was distributed to ophthalmologists practicing in Israel. Data was obtained regarding demographics and clinical and surgical practice during the pandemic. One hundred and sixty-seven ophthalmologists completed the survey from all regions of Israel. The survey was distributed during the early stages of the outbreak. At this time, no official government guidelines were in place. Most respondents reported no reduction of elective clinic visits and surgeries and no utilization of triage questionnaires. COVID-19 guidelines were reportedly promulgated to hospital ophthalmologists but not to community and private physicians. Personal protective equipment (PPE) measures were reportedly utilized; however, many respondents often acquired them individually. A majority of respondents advocated that healthcare institutions limit clinic and surgery services to emergency services. During the critical early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak in Israel, this study emphasizes the delay in development of emergency guidelines, necessary to protect patients and ophthalmologists from this highly transmissible disease."}, {"pmid": 32302927, "pmcid": "PMC7141645", "title": "Portable chest X-ray in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19): A pictorial review.", "journal": "Clin Imaging", "authors": ["Jacobi, Adam", "Chung, Michael", "Bernheim, Adam", "Eber, Corey"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302927", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the global pandemic of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) progresses, many physicians in a wide variety of specialties continue to play pivotal roles in diagnosis and management. In radiology, much of the literature to date has focused on chest CT manifestations of COVID-19 (Zhou et al. [1]; Chung et al. [2]). However, due to infection control issues related to patient transport to CT suites, the inefficiencies introduced in CT room decontamination, and lack of CT availability in parts of the world, portable chest radiography (CXR) will likely be the most commonly utilized modality for identification and follow up of lung abnormalities. In fact, the American College of Radiology (ACR) notes that CT decontamination required after scanning COVID-19 patients may disrupt radiological service availability and suggests that portable chest radiography may be considered to minimize the risk of cross-infection (American College of Radiology [3]). Furthermore, in cases of high clinical suspicion for COVID-19, a positive CXR may obviate the need for CT. Additionally, CXR utilization for early disease detection may also play a vital role in areas around the world with limited access to reliable real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) COVID testing. The purpose of this pictorial review article is to describe the most common manifestations and patterns of lung abnormality on CXR in COVID-19 in order to equip the medical community in its efforts to combat this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32404975, "pmcid": "PMC7220575", "title": "The challenge of COVID-19 and hematopoietic cell transplantation; EBMT recommendations for management of hematopoietic cell transplant recipients, their donors, and patients undergoing CAR T-cell therapy.", "journal": "Bone Marrow Transplant", "authors": ["Ljungman, Per", "Mikulska, Malgorzata", "de la Camara, Rafael", "Basak, Grzegorz W", "Chabannon, Christian", "Corbacioglu, Selim", "Duarte, Rafael", "Dolstra, Harry", "Lankester, Arjan C", "Mohty, Mohamad", "Montoto, Silvia", "Murray, John", "Peffault de Latour, Regis", "Snowden, John A", "Yakoub-Agha, Ibrahim", "Verhoeven, Bregje", "Kroger, Nicolaus", "Styczynski, Jan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404975", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly spread over the world causing the disease by WHO called COVID-19. This pandemic poses unprecedented stress on the health care system including programs performing allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and cellular therapy such as with CAR T cells. Risk factors for severe disease include age and predisposing conditions such as cancer. The true impact on stem cell transplant and CAR T-cell recipients in unknown. The European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) has therefore developed recommendations for transplant programs and physicians caring for these patients. These guidelines were developed by experts from the Infectious Diseases Working Party and have been endorsed by EBMT's scientific council and board. This work intends to provide guidelines for transplant centers, management of transplant candidates and recipients, and donor issues until the COVID-19 pandemic has passed."}, {"pmid": 32464128, "pmcid": "PMC7247511", "title": "Re: Yu et al.: Assessing Viral Shedding and Infectivity of Tears in Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19) Patients.", "journal": "Ophthalmology", "authors": ["Min, Jinjin", "Qin, Qiyu", "Jin, Xiuming"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464128", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424945, "title": "Distribution of HLA allele frequencies in 82 Chinese individuals with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "HLA", "authors": ["Wang, Wei", "Zhang, Wei", "Zhang, Jingjing", "He, Ji", "Zhu, Faming"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424945", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus and is currently a global pandemic. HLA variation is associated with COVID-19 because HLA plays a pivotal role in the immune response to pathogens. Here, 82 individuals with COVID-19 were genotyped for HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DRB3/4/5, -DQA1, -DQB1, -DPA1, and -DPB1 loci using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Frequencies of the HLA-C*07:29, C*08:01G, B*15:27, B*40:06, DRB1*04:06, and DPB1*36:01 alleles were higher, while the frequencies of the DRB1*12:02 and DPB1*04:01 alleles were lower in COVID-19 patients than in the control population, with uncorrected statistical significance. Only HLA-C*07:29 and B*15:27 were significant when the corrected P-value was considered. These data suggested that some HLA alleles may be associated with the occurrence of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32282113, "pmcid": "PMC7262264", "title": "Integrated Hospital Quarantine System against COVID-19.", "journal": "Kaohsiung J Med Sci", "authors": ["Juang, Shian-Fei", "Chiang, Hsiu-Chu", "Tsai, Ming-Ju", "Huang, Ming-Kuo"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282113", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360010, "title": "The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Coronavirus Infection-Current Considerations During the Pandemic.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Augoustides, John G T"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360010", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511150, "title": "Adapting WOC Nursing Practice to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A View From Here.", "journal": "J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs", "authors": ["Pontieri-Lewis, Vicky"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511150", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504526, "title": "Correction to the article \"Excess Mortality Estimation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Preliminary Data from Portugal\", published on Acta Med Port 2020 Jun;33(6):376-383.", "journal": "Acta Med Port", "authors": ["Nogueira, Paulo Jorge", "De Araujo Nobre, Miguel", "Nicola, Paulo Jorge", "Furtado, Cristina", "Vaz Carneiro, Antonio"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504526", "countries": ["Portugal"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402531, "pmcid": "PMC7188633", "title": "Viral detection and serological response in critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2. Implications for isolation withdrawal.", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Garcia Garmendia, J L", "Ramirez Arcos, M", "Barrero Almodovar, A E", "Chavez Caballero, M", "Jorge Amigo, V", "Serrano Martino, M C"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402531", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32219006, "pmcid": "PMC7095099", "title": "Modeling the epidemic dynamics and control of COVID-19 outbreak in China.", "journal": "Quant Biol", "authors": ["Zhao, Shilei", "Chen, Hua"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219006", "countries": ["Italy", "Korea, Republic of", "China", "Japan", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly spreading in China and more than 30 countries over last two months. COVID-19 has multiple characteristics distinct from other infectious diseases, including high infectivity during incubation, time delay between real dynamics and daily observed number of confirmed cases, and the intervention effects of implemented quarantine and control measures. We develop a Susceptible, Un-quanrantined infected, Quarantined infected, Confirmed infected (SUQC) model to characterize the dynamics of COVID-19 and explicitly parameterize the intervention effects of control measures, which is more suitable for analysis than other existing epidemic models. The SUQC model is applied to the daily released data of the confirmed infections to analyze the outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, Hubei (excluding Wuhan), China (excluding Hubei) and four first-tier cities of China. We found that, before January 30, 2020, all these regions except Beijing had a reproductive number R > 1, and after January 30, all regions had a reproductive number R < 1, indicating that the quarantine and control measures are effective in preventing the spread of COVID-19. The confirmation rate of Wuhan estimated by our model is 0.0643, substantially lower than that of Hubei excluding Wuhan (0.1914), and that of China excluding Hubei (0.2189), but it jumps to 0.3229 after February 12 when clinical evidence was adopted in new diagnosis guidelines. The number of unquarantined infected cases in Wuhan on February 12, 2020 is estimated to be 3,509 and declines to 334 on February 21, 2020. After fitting the model with data as of February 21, 2020, we predict that the end time of COVID-19 in Wuhan and Hubei is around late March, around mid March for China excluding Hubei, and before early March 2020 for the four tier-one cities. A total of 80,511 individuals are estimated to be infected in China, among which 49,510 are from Wuhan, 17,679 from Hubei (excluding Wuhan), and the rest 13,322 from other regions of China (excluding Hubei). Note that the estimates are from a deterministic ODE model and should be interpreted with some uncertainty. We suggest that rigorous quarantine and control measures should be kept before early March in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, and before late March in Hubei. The model can also be useful to predict the trend of epidemic and provide quantitative guide for other countries at high risk of outbreak, such as South Korea, Japan, Italy and Iran. The supplementary materials can be found online with this article at 10.1007/s40484-020-0199-0."}, {"pmid": 32238024, "pmcid": "PMC7157961", "title": "A case of imported COVID-19 diagnosed by PCR-positive lower respiratory specimen but with PCR-negative throat swabs.", "journal": "Infect Dis (Lond)", "authors": ["Hase, Ryota", "Kurita, Takashi", "Muranaka, Emiri", "Sasazawa, Hiroki", "Mito, Haruki", "Yano, Yudai"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238024", "countries": ["Japan", "China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 35-year-old woman presented with fever and mild diarrhoea without any respiratory symptoms 9\u2009days after travelling to Japan from Wuhan, China. Her computed tomography scan revealed pneumonia. The first polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test on throat swab for the novel corona virus upon admission was negative. Therefore, she was treated for community-acquired pneumonia, but fever persisted. On hospital day 5, PCR test on induced sputum was positive, but a second polymerase chain reaction test on throat swab remained negative. She was discharged, fully recovered, on hospital day 12. A lower respiratory tract specimen should be obtained for better diagnosis of corona virus disease 2019, even in the absence of respiratory symptoms for patients with significant travel or exposure history."}, {"pmid": 32267963, "pmcid": "PMC7262214", "title": "Battling COVID-19: critical care and peri-operative healthcare resource management strategies in a tertiary academic medical centre in Singapore.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Lee, C C M", "Thampi, S", "Lewin, B", "Lim, T J D", "Rippin, B", "Wong, W H", "Agrawal, R V"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267963", "countries": ["China", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a cluster of atypical pneumonia cases were reported in Wuhan, China, and a novel coronavirus elucidated as the aetiologic agent. Although most initial cases occurred in China, the disease, termed coronavirus disease 2019, has become a pandemic and continues to spread rapidly with human-to-human transmission in many countries. This is the third novel coronavirus outbreak in the last two decades and presents an ensuing healthcare resource burden that threatens to overwhelm available healthcare resources. A study of the initial Chinese response has shown that there is a significant positive association between coronavirus disease 2019 mortality and healthcare resource burden. Based on the Chinese experience, some 19% of coronavirus disease 2019 cases develop severe or critical disease. This results in a need for adequate preparation and mobilisation of critical care resources to anticipate and adapt to a surge in coronavirus disease 2019 case-load in order to mitigate morbidity and mortality. In this article, we discuss some of the peri-operative and critical care resource planning considerations and management strategies employed in a tertiary academic medical centre in Singapore in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32432918, "title": "Estrogen regulates the expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 in differentiated airway epithelial cells.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol", "authors": ["Stelzig, Kimberly E", "Canepa-Escaro, Fabrizio", "Schiliro, Marta", "Berdnikovs, Sergejs", "Prakash, Y S", "Chiarella, Sergio E"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432918", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is marked sexual dimorphism in the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Here we report that estrogen can regulate the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a key component for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cell entry, in differentiated airway epithelial cells. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms by which sex steroids regulate SARS-CoV-2 infectivity."}, {"pmid": 32352178, "pmcid": "PMC7267669", "title": "Editorial: low population mortality from COVID-19 in countries south of latitude 35 degrees North-supports vitamin D as a factor determining severity. Authors' reply.", "journal": "Aliment Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Garg, Mayur", "Al-Ani, Aysha", "Mitchell, Hannah", "Hendy, Philip", "Christensen, Britt"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352178", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360981, "pmcid": "PMC7189833", "title": "Conception and deployment of a 30-bed field military intensive care hospital in Eastern France during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Danguy des Deserts, Marc", "Mathais, Quentin", "Luft, Antoine", "Escarment, Jacques", "Pasquier, Pierre"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360981", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471812, "title": "The role of palliative care in COVID-19.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Sese, Denise", "Makhoul, Ahed", "Hoeksema, Laura", "Shoemaker, Laura"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471812", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, many healthcare systems are experiencing an increased demand for palliative care (PC). To meet this challenge, the PC team at Cleveland Clinic designed an enterprise-wide response plan organized around 4 domains: staff (educational resources and tools), stuff (medications and supplies), space (recommendations for optimizing physical space and facilities), and systems to facilitate high-quality PC delivery to patients. To mitigate isolation during end-of-life care, the Clinic offers \"compassionate exceptions\" to strict visitation policies, provides personal protective equipment to visitors of these patients, and facilitates virtual visitation via electronic devices."}, {"pmid": 32388333, "pmcid": "PMC7198990", "title": "Internet of things (IoT) applications to fight against COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Singh, Ravi Pratap", "Javaid, Mohd", "Haleem, Abid", "Suman, Rajiv"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388333", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current global challenge of COVID-19 pandemic has surpassed the provincial, radical, conceptual, spiritual, social, and pedagogical boundaries. Internet of Things (IoT) enabled healthcare system is useful for proper monitoring of COVID-19 patients, by employing an interconnected network. This technology helps to increase patient satisfaction and reduces readmission rate in the hospital. Searched the databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, SCOPUS and ResearchGate using the keywords \"Internet of things\" or \"IoT\" and \"COVID-19\". Further inputs are also taken from blogs and relevant reports. IoT implementation impacts on reducing healthcare cost and improve treatment outcome of the infected patient. Therefore, this present study based research is attempted to explore, discuss, and highlight the overall applications of the well-proven IoT philosophy by offering a perspective roadmap to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, twelve significant applications of IoT are identified and discussed. It has ultimately forced the researchers, academicians, and scientists to propose some productive solutions to overcome or confront this pandemic. IoT is helpful for an infected patient of COVID-19 to identify symptoms and provides better treatment rapidly. It is useful for patient, physician, surgeon and hospital management system."}, {"pmid": 32387072, "pmcid": "PMC7190480", "title": "COVID-19 and rhinology, from the consultation room to the operating theatre.", "journal": "Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis", "authors": ["Radulesco, T", "Verillaud, B", "Bequignon, E", "Papon, J-F", "Jankowski, R", "Le Taillandier De Gabory, L", "Dessi, P", "Coste, A", "Serrano, E", "Vergez, S", "Simon, F", "Couloigner, V", "Rumeau, C", "Michel, J"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387072", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this article is to give rhinologists advice on how to adapt their standard practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main goal of these recommendations is to protect healthcare workers against COVID-19 while continuing to provide emergency care so as to prevent loss of chance for patients. We reviewed our recommendations concerning consultations, medical prescriptions and surgical activity in rhinology."}, {"pmid": 32426318, "pmcid": "PMC7203732", "title": "COVID-19 and Bangladesh: Challenges and How to Address Them.", "journal": "Front Public Health", "authors": ["Anwar, Saeed", "Nasrullah, Mohammad", "Hosen, Mohammad Jakir"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426318", "countries": ["Bangladesh"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the coronavirus outbreak quickly surges worldwide, many countries are adopting non-therapeutic preventive measures, which include travel bans, remote office activities, country lockdown, and most importantly, social distancing. However, these measures face challenges in Bangladesh, a lower-middle-income economy with one of the world's densest populations. Social distancing is difficult in many areas of the country, and with the minimal resources the country has, it would be extremely challenging to implement the mitigation measures. Mobile sanitization facilities and temporary quarantine sites and healthcare facilities could help mitigate the impact of the pandemic at a local level. A prompt, supportive, and empathic collaboration between the Government, citizens, and health experts, along with international assistance, can enable the country to minimize the impact of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32415310, "pmcid": "PMC7227450", "title": "Cyclosporine therapy in cytokine storm due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Rheumatol Int", "authors": ["Cure, Erkan", "Kucuk, Adem", "Cumhur Cure, Medine"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415310", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32368528, "pmcid": "PMC7190955", "title": "Prevention program for the COVID-19 in a children's digestive endoscopy center.", "journal": "World J Clin Cases", "authors": ["Ma, Xiao-Peng", "Wang, Huan", "Bai, Da-Ming", "Zou, Yu", "Zhou, Shao-Ming", "Wen, Fei-Qiu", "Dai, Dong-Ling"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368528", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pneumonia caused by the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China constitutes a public health emergency of international concern. The gastrointestinal symptoms of vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain and the detection of COVID-19 nucleic acid from fecal specimens in a small number of patients suggest the possibility of transmission via the gastrointestinal tract. People of all ages are vulnerable to this virus, including children. Digestive endoscopy is an invasive procedure during which children cannot wear masks; therefore, they have higher risks of exposure to COVID-19, and the digestive endoscopy center is a relatively high-risk area for COVID-19 infection. Based on these factors and in combination with related policies and regulations, a prevention and control program for the COVID-19 pneumonia in a children's digestive endoscopy center was established to prevent the COVID-19 nosocomial infection."}, {"pmid": 32530130, "title": "An unilateral purpuric rash in a patient with COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Karaca, Z", "Yayli, S", "Caliskan, O"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530130", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500851, "title": "African Resources and the Promise of Resilience against COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Blanton, Ronald E", "Mock, Nancy B", "Hiruy, Honelgn N", "Schieffelin, John S", "Doumbia, Seydou", "Happi, Christian", "Samuels, Robert J", "Oberhelman, Richard A"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500851", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "African Resources and the Promise of Resilience against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32482154, "title": "Care of Patients With a Laryngectomy During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Yeung, David C M", "Lai, Ronald", "Wong, Eddy W Y", "Chan, Jason Y K"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482154", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with a laryngectomy are at increased risk for droplet-transmitted diseases and, therefore, COVID-19, which has now caused a worldwide pandemic. Adaptive measures to protect patients with a laryngectomy and their families were designed and implemented in the Hong Kong SAR (HK). Driven by the fear of severe acute respiratory syndrome in 2003, hospitals in HK have since modified infection control routines to prevent a repeat public health nightmare. To face COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, we have adapted guidelines for our patients with a laryngectomy. Contact precautions, droplet precautions with physical barriers, and hand and equipment hygiene are our mainstays of prevention against COVID-19, and sharing these routines is the aim of this article. The COVID-19 pandemic is still roaring ahead. Awareness and precautions for patients with a laryngectomy who may be at higher risk are outlined here and should be maintained during the current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32503703, "pmcid": "PMC7151527", "title": "Specific Considerations for the Protection of Patients and Echocardiography Service Providers When Performing Perioperative or Periprocedural Transesophageal Echocardiography during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak: Council on Perioperative Echocardiography Supplement to the Statement of the American Society of Echocardiography Endorsed by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists.", "journal": "J Am Soc Echocardiogr", "authors": ["Nicoara, Alina", "Maldonado, Yasdet", "Kort, Smadar", "Swaminathan, Madhav", "Mackensen, G Burkhard"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503703", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397499, "title": "Special Care Dentistry and COVID-19 Outbreak: What Lesson Should We Learn?", "journal": "Dent J (Basel)", "authors": ["Dziedzic, Arkadiusz"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397499", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the declaration of pandemic by the World Health Organization have made an enormous impact on medical and dental care across the world. The current COVID-19 situation may teach dental teams a better approach and optimal ways concerning the management of patients with special needs, by bringing people together to discuss and optimize standards of care, as often happens in challenging situations. We can always learn new things that turn out to be valuable and useful even in exceptionally difficult times, and in addition, dental services can benefit from enabling positive attitudes and introducing constructive changes. Clinicians just need to keep in mind that adjustment to a new future reality appears inevitable for both patients and professionals who provide care."}, {"pmid": 32405100, "pmcid": "PMC7219370", "title": "[The paradox of COVID-19 and pediatric anesthesiology: opinion of the Pediatric Anesthesia Committee of the Brazilian Society of Anesthesiology].", "journal": "Rev Bras Anestesiol", "authors": ["Neville, Mariana Fontes Lima", "Vanzillotta, Pedro Paulo", "Quintao, Vinicius Caldeira"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405100", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354081, "pmcid": "PMC7246879", "title": "The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) in Dentistry. Management of Biological Risk in Dental Practice.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Lo Giudice, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354081", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus first identified in Wuhan, China, and the etiological agent of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). This infection spreads mainly through direct contact with Fl\u00fcgge micro droplets or core droplets that remain suspended as aerosol. Moreover, it has been reported that infected subjects, both with and without clinical signs of COVID-19, can transmit the virus. Since the infection typically enters through mouth, nose, and eyes, dentistry is one of the medical practices at highest risk of infection due to the frequent production of aerosol and the constant presence of saliva. The World Health Organization (WHO) has suggested that only emergency/urgent procedures should be performed during the coronavirus outbreak. Considering the virus' route of transmission, a specific protocol should be applied to reduce the risk of infection in addition to measures that prevent the spread of infection from a patient to another person or medical tools and equipment (cross-infection). This protocol should be implemented by modifying both patient management and clinical practice, introducing particular devices and organizational practices. This paper aims to discuss and suggest the most appropriate procedures in every aspect of dental practice to reduce infection risk."}, {"pmid": 32501634, "title": "Can Hypericum perforatum (SJW) prevent cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients?", "journal": "Phytother Res", "authors": ["Masiello, Pellegrino", "Novelli, Michela", "Beffy, Pascale", "Menegazzi, Marta"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501634", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32435645, "pmcid": "PMC7218168", "title": "Extended SIR Prediction of the Epidemics Trend of COVID-19 in Italy and Compared With Hunan, China.", "journal": "Front Med (Lausanne)", "authors": ["Wangping, Jia", "Ke, Han", "Yang, Song", "Wenzhe, Cao", "Shengshu, Wang", "Shanshan, Yang", "Jianwei, Wang", "Fuyin, Kou", "Penggang, Tai", "Jing, Li", "Miao, Liu", "Yao, He"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435645", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently a global public health threat. Outside of China, Italy is one of the countries suffering the most with the COVID-19 epidemic. It is important to predict the epidemic trend of the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy to help develop public health strategies. Methods: We used time-series data of COVID-19 from Jan 22 2020 to Apr 02 2020. An infectious disease dynamic extended susceptible-infected-removed (eSIR) model, which covers the effects of different intervention measures in dissimilar periods, was applied to estimate the epidemic trend in Italy. The basic reproductive number was estimated using Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods and presented using the resulting posterior mean and 95% credible interval (CI). Hunan, with a similar total population number to Italy, was used as a comparative item. Results: In the eSIR model, we estimated that the mean of basic reproductive number for COVID-19 was 4.34 (95% CI, 3.04-6.00) in Italy and 3.16 (95% CI, 1.73-5.25) in Hunan. There would be a total of 182 051 infected cases (95%CI:116 114-274 378) under the current country blockade and the endpoint would be Aug 05 in Italy. Conclusion: Italy's current strict measures can efficaciously prevent the further spread of COVID-19 and should be maintained. Necessary strict public health measures should be implemented as soon as possible in other European countries with a high number of COVID-19 cases. The most effective strategy needs to be confirmed in further studies."}, {"pmid": 32399755, "pmcid": "PMC7216855", "title": "A technical report from the Italian SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Postmortem sampling and autopsy investigation in cases of suspected or probable COVID-19.", "journal": "Forensic Sci Med Pathol", "authors": ["Santurro, Alessandro", "Scopetti, Matteo", "D'Errico, Stefano", "Fineschi, Vittorio"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399755", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is a coronavirus responsible for COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) which resulted in a cluster of cases of pneumonia that originated in China around 31 December 2019 and has subsequently spread across the globe. Currently, COVID-19 represents a health emergency worldwide, leading, in severe cases, to pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, multiorgan dysfunction or failure, and death. In the context of limited scientific knowledge and evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, guidance is becoming increasingly necessary for pathologists who have to perform postmortem investigations on COVID-19 cases. The aim of the present report is to share a procedure applicable to cases of COVID-19-related death, particularly in cases of death without medical intervention and in the absence of an ascertained SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or COVID-19 diagnosis, therefore providing support for diagnostic activity in the present COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, a standard operating procedure for correct swab collection, autopsy investigation and tissue sampling is provided."}, {"pmid": 32321903, "title": "A practice of anesthesia scenario design for emergency cesarean section in patients with COVID-19 infection based on the role of standard patient.", "journal": "Biosci Trends", "authors": ["Kang, Yin", "Deng, Longjiao", "Zhang, Dengwen", "Wang, Yuehong", "Wang, Gang", "Mei, Li", "Zhou, Guobin", "Shu, Haihua"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321903", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus (COVID-19) has been characterized as a world pandemic by WHO since March 11, 2020. Although it is likely that COVID-19 transmission is primarily via droplets and close contact, airborne transmission and fecal-oral route remains a possibility. The medical staff working in the operating room, such as anesthesiologists, surgeons and nurses, are at high risk of exposure to virus due to closely contacting patients. The perioperative management is under great challenge while performing surgeries for patients suffering COVID-19, including emergency cesarean section, which is one of the most common surgeries under such circumstances. How to prevent medical staff from cross-infection is an issue of great concern. In this article, we give a practice of anesthesia scenario design for emergency cesarean section in a supposed standard patient suffering COVID-19, aimed to optimize the work flow and implement the protective details through simulation of a real operation scenario, which may be useful for training and clinical practice of anesthesia management for patients suffering COVID-19 or other fulminating infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32402693, "pmcid": "PMC7204652", "title": "Early experience in tracheostomy and tracheostomy tube management in Covid-19 patients.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Piccin, Ottavio", "Albertini, Riccardo", "Caliceti, Umberto", "Cavicchi, Ottavio", "Cioccoloni, Eleonora", "Dematte, Marco", "Ferri, Gian Gaetano", "Macri, Giovanni", "Marre, Pietro", "Pelligra, Irene", "Saggese, Domenico", "Schiavon, Patrizia", "Sciarretta, Vittorio", "Sorrenti, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402693", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In Italy, we have experienced Europe's first and largest coronavirus outbreak. Based on our preliminary experience, we discuss the challenges in performing tracheotomy and tracheostoma care in the setting of a new pathogen."}, {"pmid": 32498549, "title": "COVID-19 Information Seeking on Digital Media and Preventive Behaviors: The Mediation Role of Worry.", "journal": "Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw", "authors": ["Liu, Piper Liping"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498549", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The high prevalence of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and inefficient preventive measures taken to curb the disease are significant public health concerns. Rapid and innovative advances in digital media offer opportunities for health education, which could result in increased preventive behaviors. This study assessed preventive behaviors against contracting COVID-19 and tested mediation pathways linking four types of digital media consumption (social media, mobile social networking apps [MSNs], online news media, and social live steaming services [SLSSs]) to preventive behaviors, mediated by worry. Results from an online survey (N\u2009=\u2009511) revealed that the vast majority (>90 percent) of respondents had very often or always practiced preventive behaviors against contracting COVID-19 such as washing their hands more regularly with soap and water, staying away from crowded places, and wearing face masks out in public. In addition, COVID-19 information seeking through the four types of digital media was a salient parameter that encouraged people to practice preventive behaviors either directly or indirectly. Specifically, seeking COVID-19-related information on MSNs, SLSSs, and online news media was directly associated with preventive behaviors. Whereas COVID-19 information consumption on social media, MSNs, and SLSSs during the infectious disease outbreak could elicit intense worry and, in turn, increase preventive behaviors. The reasons for and implications of the results are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32179567, "title": "Covid-19: outbreak could last until spring 2021 and see 7.9 million hospitalised in the UK.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179567", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512873, "title": "COVID-19: Time for Post-Exposure Prophylaxis?", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Gentile, Ivan", "Maraolo, Alberto Enrico", "Piscitelli, Prisco", "Colao, Annamaria"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512873", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From a healthcare perspective, infection due to the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) and the ensuing syndrome called COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) represents the biggest challenge the world has faced in several decades. Particularly worrisome are the high contagiousness of the virus and the saturation of hospitals' capacity due to overwhelming caseloads. Non-pharmaceutical interventions such as quarantine and inter-personal distancing are crucial to limiting the spread of the virus in the general population, but more tailored interventions may be needed at an individual level on a case-by-case basis. In this perspective, the most insidious situation is when an individual has contact with a contagious subject without adequate protection. If rapidly recognized afterwards, this occurrence may be promptly addressed through a post-exposure chemoprophylaxis (PEP) with antiviral drugs. This strategy has been implemented for other respiratory viruses (influenza above all) and was successfully used in South Korea among healthcare workers against the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus, by providing people who were exposed to high-risk contacts with lopinavir-ritonavir plus ribavirin. Initial experiences with the use of hydroxychloroquine to prevent COVID-19 also seem promising. Post-exposure chemoprophylaxis might help mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the current phase of the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32278797, "pmcid": "PMC7144601", "title": "The use of Janus kinase inhibitors in the time of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Peterson, Danielle", "Damsky, William", "King, Brett"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278797", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417445, "pmcid": "PMC7224651", "title": "Asthma prolongs intubation in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Mahdavinia, Mahboobeh", "Foster, Katharine J", "Jauregui, Emilio", "Moore, Donyea", "Adnan, Darbaz", "Andy-Nweye, Aame B", "Khan, Shahab", "Bishehsari, Faraz"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417445", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497194, "title": "Perseverance in a pandemic: A unique pharmacy residency learning experience.", "journal": "Am J Health Syst Pharm", "authors": ["Campbell, Peter", "Witenko, Corey", "Dzierba, Amy L"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497194", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time."}, {"pmid": 32342864, "pmcid": "PMC7141475", "title": "Bracing for impact with new 4R's in the COVID-19 pandemic - A provincial thoracic radiation oncology consensus.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Rathod, Shrinivas", "Dubey, Arbind", "Bashir, Bashir", "Sivananthan, Gokulan", "Leylek, Ahmet", "Chowdhury, Amitava", "Koul, Rashmi"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342864", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As COVID-19 pandemic continues to explode, cancer centers worldwide are trying to adapt and are struggling with this constantly changing scenario. Intending to ensure patient safety and deliver quality care, we sought consensus on the preferred thoracic radiation regimen in a Canadian province with 4 new R's of COVID era."}, {"pmid": 32352486, "title": "Digitate Papulosquamous Eruption Associated With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection.", "journal": "JAMA Dermatol", "authors": ["Sanchez, Adrien", "Sohier, Pierre", "Benghanem, Sarah", "L'Honneur, Anne-Sophie", "Rozenberg, Flore", "Dupin, Nicolas", "Garel, Bethsabee"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352486", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32337113, "pmcid": "PMC7179986", "title": "Brief Review on COVID-19: The 2020 Pandemic Caused by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Valencia, Damian N"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337113", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus responsible for the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). First identified in Wuhan (Hubei, China) in December of 2019, it has since been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March of 2020. In this study, we will provide a brief review of viral origin, identification, symptoms, transmission, diagnosis, and potential treatment strategies for the newly identified SARS-CoV-2 strain."}, {"pmid": 32464676, "title": "Haemostasis in Times of COVID-19.", "journal": "Hamostaseologie", "authors": ["Scharf, Rudiger E"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464676", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324092, "title": "Letter to the Editor: Use of Dental Radiography in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Dent Res", "authors": ["Dave, M", "Coulthard, P", "Patel, N", "Seoudi, N", "Horner, K"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324092", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32209544, "title": "Covid-19: most patients require mechanical ventilation in first 24 hours of critical care.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209544", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520228, "title": "Sensitivity of the Wondfo One Step COVID-19 test using serum samples.", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Santos, Vera Aparecida Dos", "Rafael, Mayra Matias", "Sabino, Ester Cerdeira", "Duarte, Alberto Jose da Silva"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520228", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301966, "pmcid": "PMC7184557", "title": "Albert Camus' 'The COVID-19 Plague' Revisited.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Franco-Paredes, Carlos"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301966", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433531, "title": "Antimicrobial resistance in the age of COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Microbiol", "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433531", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32318703, "pmcid": "PMC7188120", "title": "Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 26 asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Pan, Yanfeng", "Yu, Xue", "Du, Xinwei", "Li, Qingqing", "Li, Xianyang", "Qin, Tao", "Wang, Miaomiao", "Jiang, Minlin", "Li, Jie", "Li, Weiguo", "Zhang, Qian", "Xu, Zhiwei", "Zhang, Lu"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318703", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We retrospectively analyzed 26 persistently asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) carriers. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics from the 26 asymptomatic patients with positive results for SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid testing were obtained. Twenty-two patients (84.6%) correlated with clustering occurrence. The median period from contact to diagnosis and the last positive nucleic acid test was 19 (8-24 days) and 21.5 days (10-36 days), respectively. The median period from diagnosis to negative nucleic acid test was significantly different between patients with normal or atypical chest computed tomography (CT) findings (n\u2005=\u200516, 61.5%; 7.5 days [2-20 days]) and patients with typical ground-glass or patchy opacities on CT (n\u2005=\u200510, 38.5%; 12.5 days [8-22 days]; P\u2005<\u2005.01). Seven patients (70.0%) with initial positive nucleic acid test results had a negative result simultaneously with improved CT findings. Obvious improvement in CT findings was observed in 3 patients (30.0%) despite positive nucleic acid test results. In asymptomatic patients, changes in biochemical and inflammatory variables are small and changes on chest CT can occur. It is worth noting that the long existence of SARS-CoV-2 in some asymptomatic patients and false-negative results need to be considered in SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test."}, {"pmid": 32330115, "pmcid": "PMC7205033", "title": "Impact of Online Information on Self-Isolation Intention During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Farooq, Ali", "Laato, Samuli", "Islam, A K M Najmul"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330115", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, governments issued movement restrictions and placed areas into quarantine to combat the spread of the disease. In addition, individuals were encouraged to adopt personal health measures such as social isolation. Information regarding the disease and recommended avoidance measures were distributed through a variety of channels including social media, news websites, and emails. Previous research suggests that the vast amount of available information can be confusing, potentially resulting in overconcern and information overload. This study investigates the impact of online information on the individual-level intention to voluntarily self-isolate during the pandemic. Using the protection-motivation theory as a framework, we propose a model outlining the effects of cyberchondria and information overload on individuals' perceptions and motivations. To test the proposed model, we collected data with an online survey (N=225) and analyzed it using partial least square-structural equation modeling. The effects of social media and living situation were tested through multigroup analysis. Cyberchondria and information overload had a significant impact on individuals' threat and coping perceptions, and through them on self-isolation intention. Among the appraisal constructs, perceived severity (P=.002) and self-efficacy (P=.003) positively impacted self-isolation intention, while response cost (P<.001) affected the intention negatively. Cyberchondria (P=.003) and information overload (P=.003) indirectly affected self-isolation intention through the aforementioned perceptions. Using social media as an information source increased both cyberchondria and information overload. No differences in perceptions were found between people living alone and those living with their families. During COVID-19, frequent use of social media contributed to information overload and overconcern among individuals. To boost individuals' motivation to adopt preventive measures such as self-isolation, actions should focus on lowering individuals' perceived response costs in addition to informing them about the severity of the situation."}, {"pmid": 32499832, "pmcid": "PMC7241590", "title": "Pharmacologicaltreatment of COVID-19: lights and shadows.", "journal": "Drugs Context", "authors": ["Menzella, Francesco", "Biava, Mirella", "Barbieri, Chiara", "Livrieri, Francesco", "Facciolongo, Nicola"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499832", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the end of December 2019, a novel coronavirus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, caused an outbreak of pneumonia spreading from Wuhan, Hubei province, to the whole country of China and then the entire world, forcing the World Health Organization to make the assessment that the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can be characterized as a pandemic, the first ever caused by a coronavirus. To date, clinical evidence and guidelines based on reliable data and randomized clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19 are lacking. In the absence of definitive management protocols, many treatments for COVID-19 are currently being evaluated and tested worldwide. Some of these options were soon abandoned due to ineffectiveness, while others showed promising results. The basic treatments are mainly represented by antiviral drugs, even if the evidence is not satisfactory. Among the antivirals, the most promising appears to be remdesivir. Corticosteroids and tocilizumab seem to guarantee positive results in selected patients so far, although the timing of starting therapy and the most appropriate therapeutic schemes remain to be clarified. Efficacy of the other drugs is still uncertain, and they are currently used as a cocktail of treatments in the absence of definitive guidelines. What will represent the real solution to the enormous problem taking place worldwide is the identification of a safe and effective vaccine, for which enormous efforts and investments are underway."}, {"pmid": 32522666, "title": "How nicotine can inhibit cytokine storm in the lungs and prevent or lessen the severity of COVID-19 infection?", "journal": "Immunol Lett", "authors": ["Kloc, Malgorzata", "Ghobrial, Rafik M", "Kubiak, Jacek Z"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522666", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Statistical surveys of COVID-19 patients indicate, against all common logic, that people who smoke are less prone to the infection and/or exhibit less severe respiratory symptoms than non-smokers. This suggests that nicotine may have some preventive or modulatory effect on the inflammatory response in the lungs. Because it is known that the response to, and resolution of the SARS-CoV-2 infection depends mainly on the lung macrophages, we discuss the recent scientific findings, which may explain why and how nicotine may modulate lung macrophage response during COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32267000, "pmcid": "PMC7262038", "title": "Patterns of heart Injury in COVID - 19 and relation to outcome.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Mishra, Ajay Kumar", "Sahu, Kamal Kant", "Lal, Amos", "Sargent, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267000", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We read with much interest the article \"Analysis of heart injury laboratory parameters in 273 COVID-19 patients in one hospital in Wuhan, China\" by Han et al as published in March 2020. In this retrospective, single center study authors have discussed the role of acute cardiovascular injury marker including CK-MB, Myoglobulin, cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and NT- proBNP on the outcome of 273 patients with COVID-19 disease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32428281, "title": "The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on oral medicine services in a tertiary referral center.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Umansky Sommer, Marina", "Davidovitch, Tzippy", "Platner, Ori", "Inerman, Asya", "Yarom, Noam"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428281", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476041, "pmcid": "PMC7261510", "title": "Capacity changes in German certified chest pain units during COVID-19 outbreak response.", "journal": "Clin Res Cardiol", "authors": ["Settelmeier, Stephan", "Rassaf, Tienush", "Giannitsis, Evangelos", "Munzel, Thomas", "Breuckmann, Frank"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476041", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We sought to determine structure and changes in organisation and bed capacities of certified German chest pain units (CPU) in response to the emergency plan set-up as a response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The study was conducted in the form of a standardised telephone interview survey in certified German CPUs. Analyses comprised the overall setting of the CPU, bed capacities, possibilities for ventilation, possible changes in organisation and resources, chest pain patient admittance, overall availability of CPUs and bail-out strategies. The response rate was 91%. Nationwide, CPU bed capacities decreased by 3% in the early phase of COVID-19 pandemic response, exhibiting differences within and between the federal states. Pre-pandemic and pandemic bed capacities stayed below 1 CPU bed per 50,000 inhabitants. 97% of CPUs were affected by internal reorganisation pandemic plans at variable extent. While we observed a decrease of CPU beds within an emergency room (ER) set-up and on intermediate care units (ICU), beds in units being separated from ER and ICU were even increased in numbers. Certified German CPUs are able to maintain adequate coverage for chest pain patients in COVID-19 pandemic despite structural changes. However, at this time, it appears important to add operating procedures during pandemic outbreaks to the certification criteria of forthcoming guidelines either at the individual CPU level or more centrally steered by the German Cardiac Society or the European Society of Cardiology."}, {"pmid": 32220310, "pmcid": "PMC7194821", "title": "A Genomic Perspective on the Origin and Emergence of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Zhang, Yong-Zhen", "Holmes, Edward C"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220310", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing pandemic of a new human coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has generated enormous global concern. We and others in China were involved in the initial genome sequencing of the virus. Herein, we describe what genomic data reveal about the emergence SARS-CoV-2 and discuss the gaps in our understanding of its origins."}, {"pmid": 32340890, "pmcid": "PMC7195416", "title": "Multi-Cultural Project Initiative: An inclusive representation of \"Coronavirus Guidelines for America\".", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Doroudgar, Shadi", "Hernandez, Fatima Ester", "Kali-Rai, Rolly", "Yoshizuka, Keith"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340890", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32215647, "title": "Management of Critically Ill Adults With COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Poston, Jason T", "Patel, Bhakti K", "Davis, Andrew M"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215647", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406420, "pmcid": "PMC7217764", "title": "High-resolution CT features of the COVID-19 infection in Nanchong City: Initial and follow-up changes among different clinical types.", "journal": "Radiol Infect Dis", "authors": ["Jiang, Yuting", "Guo, Dandan", "Li, Chunping", "Chen, Tianwu", "Li, Rui"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406420", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To discuss the high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients among different clinical types on initial and follow-up CT. Seven COVID-19 patients admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical Collage were enrolled. All patients underwent initial and follow-up chest HRCT. The main CT features and semi-quantitative score which represent disease severity among different clinical types were evaluated. On initial CT, the main abnormalities observed in common and severe cases respectively were pure ground glass opacities (GGOs) and patchy consolidation surrounded by GGOs. Critical cases had multiple consolidation surrounded by wide range of GGOs distributed in the whole lung fields. The scope and density score in common (4.5 and 5), severe (9.5 and 9.5) and critical (19 and 12) cases were increased by gradient. On follow-up CT, common and severe types manifested as decreasing density of lesion, absorbed consolidation and GGOs. Critical cases showed progression of the disease. The extent and progression scores in common and severe patients were significantly decreased, while the range score of patients with critical disease reached the highest points, accompanied with an increase in the density score. CT scanning can accurately assess the severity of COVID-19, and help to monitor disease transformation during follow-up among different clinical conditions."}, {"pmid": 32362735, "pmcid": "PMC7193139", "title": "Insights into the inhibitory potential of selective phytochemicals against Mpro of 2019-nCoV: a computer-aided study.", "journal": "Struct Chem", "authors": ["Rasool, Nouman", "Akhtar, Ammara", "Hussain, Waqar"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362735", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the end of December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus, given the name of 2019-nCoV, emerged for exhibiting symptoms of severe acute respiratory syndrome. The virus is spreading rapidly in China and around the globe, affecting thousands of people leading to a pandemic. To control the mortality rate associated with the 2019-nCoV, prompt steps are needed. Until now there is no effective treatment or drug present to control its life-threatening effects in the humans. The scientist is struggling to find new inhibitors of this deadly virus. In this study, to identify the effective inhibitor candidates against the main protease (Mpro) of 2019-nCoV, computational approaches were adopted. Phytochemicals having immense medicinal properties as ligands were docked against the Mpro of 2019-nCoV to study their binding properties. ADMET and DFT analyses were also further carried out to analyze the potential of these phytochemicals as an effective inhibitor against Mpro of 2019-nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32227551, "pmcid": "PMC7228207", "title": "Cancer Research Ethics and COVID-19.", "journal": "Oncologist", "authors": ["Shuman, Andrew G", "Pentz, Rebecca D"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227551", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466804, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on Traditional Healthcare Associated Infection Prevention Efforts - CORRIGENDUM.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466804", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241814, "pmcid": "PMC7211073", "title": "Emergency departments and the COVID-19 pandemic: making the most of limited resources.", "journal": "Emerg Med J", "authors": ["Mitchell, Rob", "Banks, Colin"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241814", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32337739, "pmcid": "PMC7267537", "title": "What can we do for part-time nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Choi, Edmond P H", "Ho, Mandy", "Smith, Robert"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337739", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32411034, "pmcid": "PMC7202136", "title": "Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in the First-Line Medical Staff Fighting Against COVID-19 in Gansu.", "journal": "Front Psychiatry", "authors": ["Zhu, Juhong", "Sun, Lin", "Zhang, Lan", "Wang, Huan", "Fan, Ajiao", "Yang, Bin", "Li, Wei", "Xiao, Shifu"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411034", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) has brought enormous physical and psychological pressure on Chinese medical staff. It is extremely important to understand the prevalence and influencing factors of anxiety and depression symptoms in first-line anti-epidemic medical staff and their coping styles for these negative emotions. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Gansu (China), with a questionnaire packet which consisted of the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), and the simplified coping style questionnaire (SCSQ). A total of 79 doctors and 86 nurses participated in the survey. Correlation analysis was performed to explore the relationship between SAS, SDS, and SCSQ score. A linear regression model was used to determine the influencing factors for anxiety or depression symptoms. The prevalence rates of anxiety and depression symptoms among doctors was 11.4% and 45.6%, respectively. History of depression or anxiety (T=-2.644, p= 0.010, 95%CI: -10.514~-1.481) was shown to be a risk factor for anxiety symptoms in doctors, while being male (T=2.970, p=0.004, 95%CI: 2.667~13.521) was a protective factor for depression. The prevalence rate of anxiety and depression symptoms among nurses was 27.9% and 43.0%, respectively. History of depression or anxiety was a common risk factor for anxiety symptoms (T=-3.635, p=0.000, 95%CI: -16.360~-4.789) and depression symptoms (T=-2.835, p=0.005, 95%CI:-18.238~-3.254) in nurses. The results of partial correlation analysis (controlled for gender and history of depression or anxiety) indicated that the total score of positive coping was negatively correlated with the total score of anxiety (r=-0.182, p=0.002) and depression (r=-0.253, p=0.001). The first-line anti-epidemic medical staff have high anxiety and depression symptoms and adopting positive coping styles will help to improve their negative emotions."}, {"pmid": 32484783, "title": "Digital health management during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic: Opportunities, barriers, and recommendations.", "journal": "JMIR Ment Health", "authors": ["Inkster, Becky", "O'Brien, Ross", "Selby, Emma", "Joshi, Smriti", "Subramanian, Vinod", "Kadaba, Madhura", "Schroeder, Knut", "Godson, Suzi", "Comley, Kerstyn", "Volmer, Sebastian J", "Mateen, Bilal A"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484783", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 crisis, digital technologies have become a major route for accessing remote care. Therefore, the need to ensure that these tools are safe and effective has never been greater. We raise five calls to action to ensure the safety, availability and long-term sustainability of theseDuring the COVID-19 crisis, digital technologies have become a major route for accessing remote care. Therefore, the need to ensure that these tools are safe and effective has never been greater. We raise five calls to action to ensure the safety, availability and long-term sustainability of these technologies: (1) Due diligence: Remove harmful health apps from app stores; (2) Data insights: Use relevant health data insights from high-quality digital tools to inform the greater response to COVID-19; (3) Freely available resources: Make high-quality digital health tools available without charge, where possible and for as long as possible, especially to those who are most vulnerable; (4) Digital transitioning: Transform conventional offline mental health services to make them digitally available; and (5) Population self-management: Encourage governments and insurers to work with developers to look at how digital health management could be subsidised or funded. We believe this should be carried out at the population level, rather than at a prescription level."}, {"pmid": 32377176, "pmcid": "PMC7201379", "title": "Management of Pancreatic Cancer During COVID-19 Pandemic: To Treat or Not to Treat?", "journal": "JOP", "authors": ["Patel, Rajvi", "Saif, Muhammad Wasif"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377176", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pancreatic cancer is a very aggressive disease and survival remains dismal even with treatment. Currently, management of patients with pancreatic cancer has been complicated by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Medical oncologists face the dilemma of whether to treat or to not treat these patients who are at high-risk of complications and even death from COVID-19. No current guidelines are available and our limited experience at this time makes it more difficult to manage these patients. Although we have general strategies available from experience in Italy, we need more treatment specific strategies to help mitigate risks of complications and toxicities from chemotherapy in order to protect our patients from COVID-19 as much as possible."}, {"pmid": 32520235, "title": "Short-term forecasting of daily COVID-19 cases in Brazil by using the Holt's model.", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Martinez, Edson Zangiacomi", "Aragon, Davi Casale", "Nunes, Altacilio Aparecido"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520235", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We evaluated the performance of the Holt's model to forecast the daily COVID-19 reported cases in Brazil and three Brazilian states. We chose the date of the first COVID-19 case to April 25, 2020, as the training period, and April 26 to May 3, 2020, as the test period. The Holt's model performed well in forecasting the cases in Brazil and in S\u00e3o Paulo and Minas Gerais states, but the forecasts were underestimated in Rio de Janeiro state. The Holt's model can be an adequate short-term forecasting method if their assumptions are adequately verified and validated by experts."}, {"pmid": 32482622, "title": "Covid-19 and refugees, asylum seekers, and migrants in Greece.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Kondilis, Elias", "Puchner, Karl", "Veizis, Apostolos", "Papatheodorou, Christos", "Benos, Alexis"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482622", "countries": ["Greece"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502296, "title": "SARS-CoV2 as a potential trigger of neurodegenerative diseases.", "journal": "Mov Disord", "authors": ["Gomez-Pinedo, Ulises", "Matias-Guiu, Jorge", "Sanclemente-Alaman, Inmaculada", "Moreno-Jimenez, Lidia", "Montero-Escribano, Paloma"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502296", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283177, "pmcid": "PMC7146686", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): first indication of efficacy of Gene-Eden-VIR/Novirin in SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Polansky, Hanan", "Lori, Gillad"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283177", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505076, "pmcid": "PMC7260554", "title": "Covid-19 and lung cancer: A greater fatality rate?", "journal": "Lung Cancer", "authors": ["Rogado, Jacobo", "Pangua, Cristina", "Serrano-Montero, Gloria", "Obispo, Berta", "Marino, Almudena Martin", "Perez-Perez, Mar", "Lopez-Alfonso, Ana", "Gullon, Pedro", "Lara, Miguel Angel"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505076", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently there are no reported series determining the Covid-19 infected lung cancer patient\u00b4s characteristics and outcome that allow us to clarify strategies to protect our patients. In our study we determine whether exists differences in cumulative incidence and severity of Covid-19 infection between lung cancer patients visiting our Medical Oncology department and the reference population of our center (320,000 people), in the current epicenter of the pandemic in Europe (Madrid, Spain). We also describe clinical and demographic factors associated with poor prognosis and Covid-19 treatment outcomes. We retrospectively reviewed 1878 medical records of all Covid-19 patients who were admitted at Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor of Madrid between March 5, 2020 and April 7, 2020, in order to detect cumulative incidence of Covid-19 in lung cancer patients. We also described Covid-19 treatment outcome, mortality and associated risk factors using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. 17/1878 total diagnosis in our center had lung cancer (0.9 %) versus 1878/320,000 of the total reference population (p\u2009=\u20090.09). 9/17 lung cancer patients with Covid-19 diagnosis died (52.3 %) versus 192/1878 Covid-19 patients in our center (p < 0.0001). Dead lung cancer patients were elderly compared to survivors: 72 versus 64.5 years old (p\u2009=\u20090.12). Combined treatment with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin improves the outcome of Covid-19 in lung cancer patients, detecting only 1/6 deaths between patients under this treatment versus others treatment, with statistical significance in the univariate and multivariate logistic regression (OR 0.04, p\u2009=\u20090.018). Lung cancer patients have a higher mortality rate than general population. Combined hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin treatment seems like a good treatment option. It is important to try to minimize visits to hospitals (without removing their active treatments) in order to decrease nosocomial transmission."}, {"pmid": 32419538, "title": "Reorganization of a Northern Italy dermatology department during the COVID-19 pandemic: is it temporary or the beginning of a new era in dermatology?", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Valenti, M", "Gargiulo, L", "Pavia, G", "Facheris, P", "Borroni, R", "Narcisi, A", "Costanzo, A"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419538", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437019, "title": "Baricitinib: A chance to treat COVID-19?", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Lo Caputo, Sergio", "Corso, Gaetano", "Clerici, Mario", "Santantonio, Teresa Antonia"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437019", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415733, "title": "Posttraumatic stress symptoms of health care workers during the corona virus disease 2019.", "journal": "Clin Psychol Psychother", "authors": ["Yin, Qianlan", "Sun, Zhuoer", "Liu, Tuanjie", "Ni, Xiong", "Deng, Xuanfeng", "Jia, Yanpu", "Shang, Zhilei", "Zhou, Yaoguang", "Liu, Weizhi"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415733", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has attracted worldwide attention. The COVID-19 outbreak is unique in its rapid transmission and results in heavy stress for the front-line health care workers (HCWs). The current study aimed to exam posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs) of HCWs fighting for the COVID-19 and to evaluate their sleep quality after 1-month stressful suffering. Three hundred seventy-seven HCWs working in different provinces of China participated in the survey between February 1 and 5. The demographic information was collected first. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were selected to measure PTSSs and sleep quality. Results showed that 1 month after the outbreak, the prevalence of PTSSs was 3.8% in HCWs. Female HCWs were more vulnerable to PTSSs with hazard ratio of 2.136 (95% CI = 1.388-3.286). HCWs with higher exposure level also significantly rated more hyperarousal symptoms (hazard ratio = 4.026, 95% CI = 1.233-13.140). There was a significant difference of sleep quality between participants with and without PTSSs (z value = 6.014, p < .001) and among different groups with various contact frequencies (chi-square = 7.307, p = .026). Path analysis showed that there was a significant indirect effect from exposure level to PTSSs through sleep quality (coefficient = 1.750, 95% CI of Boostroop test = 0.543-2.998). In summary, targeted interventions on sleep contribute to the mental recovery during the outbreak of COVID-19. Understanding the mental health response after a public health emergency might help HCWs and communities prepare for a population's response to disaster."}, {"pmid": 32153171, "title": "[Medical management and prevention instruction of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32153171", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was of clustering onset in China and challenging the Chinese healthcare system. Epidemiological data showed that older patients with chronic diseases were at high risk of the involvement of the severe and critical type of COVID-19, especially patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) resulting in high mortalities. There were nearly 100 million COPD patients in China, and most of them were elderly. Once infected with COVID-19, it would be life-threatening for the COPD patients. Therefore, during the epidemic, it was of vital significance for us to attach great importance to optimize the management of COPD patients. Based on these considerations, the COPD Group of the Chinese Thoracic Society (CTS) and the COPD working Committee of the Chinese Association of Chest Physicians (CACP) altogether drafted the instruction for medical management and prevention of COPD during the COVID-19 epidemic period for the healthcare practitioner and patients."}, {"pmid": 31967327, "pmcid": "PMC7167049", "title": "Emerging coronaviruses: Genome structure, replication, and pathogenesis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Chen, Yu", "Liu, Qianyun", "Guo, Deyin"], "date": "2020-01-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31967327", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent emergence of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which is causing an outbreak of unusual viral pneumonia in patients in Wuhan, a central city in China, is another warning of the risk of CoVs posed to public health. In this minireview, we provide a brief introduction of the general features of CoVs and describe diseases caused by different CoVs in humans and animals. This review will help understand the biology and potential risk of CoVs that exist in richness in wildlife such as bats."}, {"pmid": 32414417, "pmcid": "PMC7228434", "title": "Therapeutic plasma exchange as a routine therapy in septic shock and as an experimental treatment for COVID-19: we are not sure.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Honore, Patrick M", "Mugisha, Aude", "Kugener, Luc", "Redant, Sebastien", "Attou, Rachid", "Gallerani, Andrea", "De Bels, David"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414417", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508374, "pmcid": "PMC7260528", "title": "Pandemic stricken cities on lockdown. Where are our planning and design professionals [now, then and into the future]?", "journal": "Land use policy", "authors": ["Allam, Zaheer", "Jones, David S"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508374", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chinese cities have been placed upon lockdown in early 2020 in an attempt to contain the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), as increasingly huge demands are being placed upon Chinese and international health professionals to address this pandemic. Surprisingly, planning and design professionals are absent in the discourses about existing and post-COVID-19 strategies and actions even though previous pandemics historically revealed major impacts on the urban fabric from social and economic perspectives. This paper is a call for action for international architectural and urban organisations to include pandemics and similar in their disaster management strategies. This need is very evident in their need to better design creative and relevant protocols in partnership with health discipine organisations, and so that their applied deployment in pandemic stricken cities can be effected integrated seamlessly within normal city environment planning activities and also in incident situations like containing the current COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32408993, "pmcid": "PMC7174189", "title": "Authors response to: <<About the scientific letter: Suspected Acute Abdomen as an Extrapulmonary Manifestation of Covid-19 Infection>>.", "journal": "Cir Esp", "authors": ["Blanco-Colino, Ruth", "Vilallonga, Ramon"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408993", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360528, "pmcid": "PMC7174167", "title": "Touch Me Not: Safe Distancing in Radiology During Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Chen, Robert Chun", "Cheng, Lionel Tim-Ee", "Liang Lim, Joshua Li", "Gogna, Apoorva", "Ng, David Chee Eng", "Yi Teo, Louis Zhang", "Tan, Bien Soo"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360528", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32480136, "pmcid": "PMC7205643", "title": "Asymptomatic COVID-19 infection in a child with nasal foreign body.", "journal": "Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Diercks, Gillian R", "Park, Brian J", "Myers, Laura B", "Kwolek, Christopher J"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480136", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While children, particularly infants, are susceptible to severe and critical COVID-19 disease, over 55% of pediatric cases are present in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic children. Aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 viral particles remain viable for up to 3 hours, raising concern about risk to healthcare workers during aerosol generating procedures (APGs) in the airway and nasopharynx. Herein we describe the first case of a nasal foreign body in an asymptomatic child with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We discuss management of this child and highlight the importance of considering asymptomatic infection and preoperative testing when planning procedures of the airway in the COVID-19 era."}, {"pmid": 32348791, "pmcid": "PMC7195341", "title": "Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with abnormal liver tests.", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Chen, Peng", "Zhou, Benhong"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348791", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361628, "pmcid": "PMC7167574", "title": "Lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: Will virtual patient management reshape uro-oncology in Germany?", "journal": "Eur J Cancer", "authors": ["Rodler, Severin", "Apfelbeck, Maria", "Stief, Christian", "Heinemann, Volker", "Casuscelli, Jozefina"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361628", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is challenging for physicians treating patients with genitourinary cancers as they are considered at high risk of severe events. The uro-oncology outpatient clinic at our academic institution was affected early by the outbreak owing to the widespread infection of healthcare personnel. Subsequently, we developed a strategy to ensure the patient's safety by efforts focused on strict quarantine observation, reduction of clinic visits and implementation of virtual patient management into the workflow. Furthermore, we analysed susceptibility to COVID-19 and its effects on patients with uro-oncological cancer treated with antitumoural agents. The goal is to warrant high-quality cancer care, despite being an academic centre on the front line of Germany's response to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32514817, "title": "Immune Responses to SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Adv Exp Med Biol", "authors": ["Inandiklioglu, Nihal", "Akkoc, Tunc"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514817", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world has given an outbreak alarm in the last two decades, with different members of the coronavirus family infecting people at different times. The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which last appeared in December 2019 in China and spread rapidly to all over the world, has led the scientific world to studies on these viruses. While scientists are trying to develop vaccines or drugs against the virus, the body's immune response to the virus is emerged the biggest guide. In this review, we aimed to provide a good view on immune strategies by comparing immunological responses to SARS-CoV-2 disease among other members of the family, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. In the near future, it may contribute to vaccine or drug studies to be developed on immune intervention."}, {"pmid": 32401867, "title": "The impact of COVID-19 on Brazilian mental health through vicarious traumatization.", "journal": "Braz J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Serafim, Antonio de P", "Goncalves, Priscila D", "Rocca, Cristiana C", "Lotufo Neto, Francisco"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401867", "countries": ["Brazil"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454500, "title": "Extracorporeal Blood Purification and Organ Support in the Critically Ill Patient during COVID-19 Pandemic: Expert Review and Recommendation.", "journal": "Blood Purif", "authors": ["Ronco, Claudio", "Bagshaw, Sean M", "Bellomo, Rinaldo", "Clark, William R", "Husain-Syed, Faeq", "Kellum, John A", "Ricci, Zaccaria", "Rimmele, Thomas", "Reis, Thiago", "Ostermann, Marlies"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454500", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Critically ill COVID-19 patients are generally admitted to the ICU for respiratory insufficiency which can evolve into a multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome requiring extracorporeal organ support. Ongoing advances in technology and science and progress in information technology support the development of integrated multi-organ support platforms for personalized treatment according to the changing needs of the patient. Based on pathophysiological derangements observed in COVID-19 patients, a rationale emerges for sequential extracorporeal therapies designed to remove inflammatory mediators and support different organ systems. In the absence of vaccines or direct therapy for COVID-19, extracorporeal therapies could represent an option to prevent organ failure and improve survival. The enormous demand in care for COVID-19 patients requires an immediate response from the scientific community. Thus, a detailed review of the available technology is provided by experts followed by a series of recommendation based on current experience and opinions, while waiting for generation of robust evidence from trials."}, {"pmid": 32461067, "pmcid": "PMC7246051", "title": "Microbicidal Actives with Virucidal Efficacy against SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Ijaz, M Khalid", "Nims, Raymond W", "Whitehead, Kelly", "Srinivasan, Vanita", "Charlesworth, Bruce", "McKinney, Julie", "Rubino, Joseph R", "Ripley, Mark", "Jones, Chris"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461067", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330291, "pmcid": "PMC7264663", "title": "Diagnostic accuracy of an automated chemiluminescent immunoassay for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies: an Italian experience.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Infantino, Maria", "Grossi, Valentina", "Lari, Barbara", "Bambi, Riccardo", "Perri, Alessandro", "Manneschi, Matteo", "Terenzi, Giovanni", "Liotti, Irene", "Ciotta, Giovanni", "Taddei, Cristina", "Benucci, Maurizio", "Casprini, Patrizia", "Veneziani, Francesca", "Fabbri, Sergio", "Pompetti, Adolfo", "Manfredi, Mariangela"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330291", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been spreading throughout the world. Though molecular diagnostic tests are the gold standard for COVID-19, serological testing is emerging as a potential surveillance tool, in addition to its complementary role in COVID-19 diagnostics. Indubitably quantitative serological testing provides greater advantages than qualitative tests but today there is still little known about serological diagnostics and what the most appropriate role quantitative tests might play. Sixty-one COVID-19 patients and 64 patients from a control group were tested by iFlash1800 CLIA analyzer for anti-SARS CoV-2 antibodies IgM and IgG. All COVID-19 patients were hospitalized in San Giovanni di Dio Hospital (Florence, Italy) and had a positive oro/nasopharyngeal swab reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction result. The highest sensitivity with a very good specificity performance was reached at a cutoff value of 10.0\u2009AU/mL for IgM and of 7.1 for IgG antibodies, hence near to the manufacturer's cutoff values of 10\u2009AU/mL for both isotypes. The receiver operating characteristic curves showed area under the curve values of 0.918 and 0.980 for anti-SARS CoV-2 antibodies IgM and IgG, respectively. iFlash1800 CLIA analyzer has shown highly accurate results for the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies profile and can be considered an excellent tool for COVID-19 diagnostics."}, {"pmid": 32490689, "title": "The impacts of vulnerability, perceived risk, and fear on preventive behaviours against COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychol Health Med", "authors": ["Yildirim, Murat", "Gecer, Ekmel", "Akgul, Omer"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490689", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world has been under the negative effect of the COVID-19 pandemic for the last few months. While people may take many preventive behaviours to minimize the risk, very little is known about the factors that can increase preventive behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined the effects of vulnerability, perceived risk, and fear on preventive behaviours of COVID-19. The study used a sample of 4,536 Turkish adults (M = 30.33 \u00b1 10.95\u00a0years) recruited from 17 March through 1 April 2020. Vulnerability, perceived risk, fear, and preventive behaviours were measured with self-rating scales. Participants mostly engaged in avoidance of public transportation and frequent handwashing as preventive behaviours. Women had a significantly higher vulnerability to, perceived risk, and fear of new coronavirus compared to men. Correlation results indicated that age, gender, education level, vulnerability, perceived risk, and fear were related to preventive behaviours. Regression results demonstrated that vulnerability, perceived risk, and fear accounted for a significant amount of variance in preventive behaviours over and above the effects of demographic variables. The results suggest that vulnerability, perceived risk, and fear can significantly increase engagement in preventive behaviours during the novel coronavirus pandemic. The results have important implications\u00a0for research and practice."}, {"pmid": 32525829, "title": "Different outcome of COVID-19 in members of a family.", "journal": "J Infect Dev Ctries", "authors": ["Sun, Jin", "Jiang, Yan", "Lin, Wei", "Hu, Wei-Hua", "Wang, Yong"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525829", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a family cluster of cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in which three members of the family were exposed to SARS-CoV-2 at the same time, but the disease manifested differently among the three family members. We describe the clinical manifestations, disease progression, and treatment of wife and husband. We also analyze the daughter who was in close contact with patients with COVID-19 but was not infected."}, {"pmid": 32327429, "title": "Can hydroxychloroquine protect patients with rheumatic diseases from COVID-19? Response to: 'Does hydroxychloroquine prevent the transmission of COVID-19?' by Heldwein and Calado and 'SLE, hydroxychloroquine and no SLE patients with COVID-19: a comment' by Joob and Wiwanitkit.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Monti, Sara", "Montecucco, Carlomaurizio"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327429", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362193, "pmcid": "PMC7212541", "title": "Quadruple therapy for asymptomatic COVID-19 infection patients.", "journal": "Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther", "authors": ["Wang, Ling", "Xu, Xiaopeng", "Ruan, Junshan", "Lin, Saijin", "Jiang, Jinhua", "Ye, Hong"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362193", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Introduction: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is currently in epidemic stage. After large-scale interpersonal infection, asymptomatic patients appear. Whether asymptomatic patients are contagious or not and whether they need medication are the arguments among clinical experts.Areas covered: This paper reports a special asymptomatic couple with COVID-19, of which the male patient is an intercity bus driver but has not induced confirmed infection of his 188 passengers. The patients were treated with four combinations of lopinavir/ritonavir tablets, arbidol tablets, Lianhuaqingwen granules, and recombinant human interferon-\u03b12b (IFN-\u03b12b) injection via aerosol. Their clinical characteristics and medication were summarized and analyzed.Expert opinion: The two asymptomatic patients far away from Wuhan did not seem to be highly contagious. They improved obviously, after treatment with the quadruple therapy, but the effective drug is still unknown. It should be noted that lopinavir/ritonavir tablets have many drug interactions and are the most likely drugs to cause hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in these two patients. IFN-\u03b12b is more effective in the early stage of virus infection. Arbidol instruction dose may not be sufficient to inhibit the novel coronavirus in vivo. The evidence-based medicine of Lianhuaqingwen granules for treating various viral infections is just based on Chinese patients."}, {"pmid": 32342252, "pmcid": "PMC7185831", "title": "Viral RNA load as determined by cell culture as a management tool for discharge of SARS-CoV-2 patients from infectious disease wards.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis", "authors": ["La Scola, Bernard", "Le Bideau, Marion", "Andreani, Julien", "Hoang, Van Thuan", "Grimaldier, Clio", "Colson, Philippe", "Gautret, Philippe", "Raoult, Didier"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342252", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a preliminary clinical study, we observed that the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin was effective against SARS-CoV-2 by shortening the duration of viral load in Covid-19 patients. It is of paramount importance to define when a treated patient can be considered as no longer contagious. Correlation between successful isolation of virus in cell culture and Ct value of quantitative RT-PCR targeting E gene suggests that patients with Ct above 33-34 using our RT-PCR system are not contagious and thus can be discharged from hospital care or strict confinement for non-hospitalized patients."}, {"pmid": 32471331, "title": "Letter to the Editor: In response to \"Role of Telehealth in the Management of COVID-19: Lessons Learned from Previous SARS, MERS, and Ebola Outbreaks\".", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Dunnigan, Anna"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471331", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32181901, "pmcid": "PMC7228330", "title": "A guideline for homology modeling of the proteins from newly discovered betacoronavirus, 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV).", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Dong, Shengjie", "Sun, Jiachen", "Mao, Zhuo", "Wang, Lu", "Lu, Yi-Lin", "Li, Jiesen"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32181901", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During an outbreak of respiratory diseases including atypical pneumonia in Wuhan, a previously unknown \u03b2-coronavirus was detected in patients. The newly discovered coronavirus is similar to some \u03b2-coronaviruses found in bats but different from previously known SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. High sequence identities and similarities between 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV were found. In this study, we searched the homologous templates of all nonstructural and structural proteins of 2019-nCoV. Among the nonstructural proteins, the leader protein (nsp1), the papain-like protease (nsp3), the nsp4, the 3C-like protease (nsp5), the nsp7, the nsp8, the nsp9, the nsp10, the RNA-directed RNA polymerase (nsp12), the helicase (nsp13), the guanine-N7 methyltransferase (nsp14), the uridylate-specific endoribonuclease (nsp15), the 2'-O-methyltransferase (nsp16), and the ORF7a protein could be built on the basis of homology templates. Among the structural proteins, the spike protein (S-protein), the envelope protein (E-protein), and the nucleocapsid protein (N-protein) can be constructed based on the crystal structures of the proteins from SARS-CoV. It is known that PL-Pro, 3CL-Pro, and RdRp are important targets for design antiviral drugs against 2019-nCoV. And S protein is a critical target candidate for inhibitor screening or vaccine design against 2019-nCoV because coronavirus replication is initiated by the binding of S protein to cell surface receptors. It is believed that these proteins should be useful for further structure-based virtual screening and related computer-aided drug development and vaccine design."}, {"pmid": 32389941, "title": "Introduction on collective quarantine of close contacts of patients with COVID-19 for medical observation in China: from the perspective of frontline staff.", "journal": "Biosci Trends", "authors": ["Dong, Chenjie", "Tian, Yuan", "Xu, Wenzhong", "He, Jiangjiang", "Chen, Duo", "Zhu, Jie", "Lu, Ping"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389941", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) has deemed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to be a pandemic. The strict prevention and control measures taken by China have proven to be effective, creating a window of opportunity for other countries. The tracking and management of contacts of patients with COVID-19 are important components of prevention and control measures. This article briefly describes the placement of close contacts of patients with COVID-19 under collective quarantine for medical observation in China from the perspective of frontline staff. This article focuses on a community in the Jiading District of Shanghai to provide a reference for placement of close contacts of patients with COVID-19 under collective quarantine for medical observation in other countries and regions."}, {"pmid": 32406637, "title": "[Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the Netherlands].", "journal": "Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd", "authors": ["Wiersinga, W J"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406637", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "United States", "Netherlands"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since February, 27 2019, when the first patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) was identified in the Netherlands it has rapidly spread throughout the country. Exactly one month later 8603 people had been tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 2500 patients were or had been admitted to the hospital and 456 patients died. Here the clinical data are summarized of the first 236 patients that have been admitted to hospitals in Uden, Breda and Tilburg which were all at the centre of the initial outbreak in the Netherlands. This commentary focusses on the clinical characteristics of the patients that are currently being treated on the Dutch clinical corona units, their medical management and the first clinical outcomes. Data is compared to current cohort studies from China, Italy and the United States."}, {"pmid": 32339619, "pmcid": "PMC7194839", "title": "Infection prevention partners up with psychology in a Danish Hospital successfully addressing staffs fear during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Olesen, B", "Gyrup, H B", "Troelstrup, M W", "Marloth, T", "Molmer, M"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339619", "countries": ["Denmark"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491920, "title": "Where Is the ID in COVID-19?", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Walensky, Rochelle P", "McQuillen, Daniel P", "Shahbazi, Sara", "Goodson, John D"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491920", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332034, "title": "Covid-19: Doctors challenge legality of government's PPE guidance.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Clare"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332034", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425001, "pmcid": "PMC7089481", "title": "Possible aerosol transmission of COVID-19 and special precautions in dentistry.", "journal": "J Zhejiang Univ Sci B", "authors": ["Ge, Zi-Yu", "Yang, Lu-Ming", "Xia, Jia-Jia", "Fu, Xiao-Hui", "Zhang, Yan-Zhen"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425001", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since its emergence in December 2019, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted several countries, affecting more than 90 thousand patients and making it a global public threat. The routes of transmission are direct contact, and droplet and possible aerosol transmissions. Due to the unique nature of dentistry, most dental procedures generate significant amounts of droplets and aerosols, posing potential risks of infection transmission. Understanding the significance of aerosol transmission and its implications in dentistry can facilitate the identification and correction of negligence in daily dental practice. In addition to the standard precautions, some special precautions that should be implemented during an outbreak have been raised in this review."}, {"pmid": 32334369, "pmcid": "PMC7165100", "title": "Serial CT features in discharged COVID-19 patients with positive RT-PCR re-test.", "journal": "Eur J Radiol", "authors": ["Dou, Peipei", "Zhang, Shuai", "Wang, Chen", "Cai, Lulu", "Liu, Zhongxiao", "Xu, Qinghong", "Li, Xing", "Meng, Yankai", "Rong, Yutao", "Li, Shaodong", "Hu, Chunfeng", "Xu, Kai"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334369", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335409, "pmcid": "PMC7175882", "title": "Effect of restricted emissions during COVID-19 on air quality in India.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Sharma, Shubham", "Zhang, Mengyuan", "Anshika", "Gao, Jingsi", "Zhang, Hongliang", "Kota, Sri Harsha"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335409", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The effectiveness and cost are always top factors for policy-makers to decide control measures and most measures had no pre-test before implementation. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, human activities are largely restricted in many regions in India since mid-March of 2020, and it is a progressing experiment to testify effectiveness of restricted emissions. In this study, concentrations of six criteria pollutants, PM10, PM2.5, CO, NO2, ozone and SO2 during March 16th to April 14th from 2017 to 2020 in 22 cities covering different regions of India were analysed. Overall, around 43, 31, 10, and 18% decreases in PM2.5, PM10, CO, and NO2 in India were observed during lockdown period compared to previous years. While, there were 17% increase in O3 and negligible changes in SO2. The air quality index (AQI) reduced by 44, 33, 29, 15 and 32% in north, south, east, central and western India, respectively. Correlation between cities especially in northern and eastern regions improved in 2020 compared to previous years, indicating more significant regional transport than previous years. The mean excessive risks of PM reduced by ~52% nationwide due to restricted activities in lockdown period. To eliminate the effects of possible favourable meteorology, the WRF-AERMOD model system was also applied in Delhi-NCR with actual meteorology during the lockdown period and an un-favourable event in early November of 2019 and results show that predicted PM2.5 could increase by only 33% in unfavourable meteorology. This study gives confidence to the regulatory bodies that even during unfavourable meteorology, a significant improvement in air quality could be expected if strict execution of air quality control plans is implemented."}, {"pmid": 32501972, "title": "Efficacy and safety of Lian-Hua Qing-Wen granule for COVID-2019: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Medicine (Baltimore)", "authors": ["Hu, Zhipeng", "Yang, Maoyi", "Xie, Chunguang"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501972", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since the outbreak, the disease has caused more than 60,502 deaths worldwide. Lian-Hua Qing-Wen Granule (LHQWG) is widely used in treating COVID-19 in China. However, there is no evidence that LHQWG is effective for COVID-19. A comprehensive literature search will be conducted. Two methodological trained researchers will read the title, abstract and full texts and independently select the qualified literature according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. After assessment of the risk of bias and data extraction, we will conduct meta-analyses for outcomes related to COVID-19. The heterogeneity of data will be investigated by Cochrane X and I tests. Publication bias assessment will be conducted by funnel plot analysis and Egger test. The results of our research will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Our study aims to systematically present the clinical evidence of LHQWG in treating COVID-19, which will be of significant meaning for further research and clinical practice. 10.17605/OSF.IO/27SBU."}, {"pmid": 32356578, "pmcid": "PMC7267229", "title": "Comment on 'Two cases of COVID-19 presenting with a clinical picture resembling chilblains: first report from the Middle East': pernio unrelated to COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Torres-Navarro, I", "Abril-Perez, C", "Roca-Gines, J", "Sanchez-Arraez, J", "Botella-Estrada, R", "Evole-Buselli, M"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356578", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32310919, "title": "[ANMCO Position paper: Considerations on in-hospital cardiological consultations and cardiology outpatient clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "G Ital Cardiol (Rome)", "authors": ["Valente, Serafina", "Colivicchi, Furio", "Caldarola, Pasquale", "Murrone, Adriano", "Di Lenarda, Andrea", "Roncon, Loris", "Amodeo, Enzo", "Aspromonte, Nadia", "Cipriani, Manlio Gianni", "Domenicucci, Stefano", "Francese, Giuseppina Maura", "Imazio, Massimo", "Scotto Di Uccio, Fortunato", "Urbinati, Stefano", "Gulizia, Michele Massimo", "Gabrielli, Domenico"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310919", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444365, "title": "Covid-19: Roll out of 10m antibody tests to begin next week, government announces.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444365", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503819, "title": "Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Machine Learning Bibliometric Analysis.", "journal": "In Vivo", "authors": ["DE Felice, Francesca", "Polimeni, Antonella"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503819", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the research trends in coronavirus disease (COVID-19). A bibliometric analysis was performed using a machine learning bibliometric methodology. Information regarding publication outputs, countries, institutions, journals, keywords, funding and citation counts was retrieved from Scopus database. A total of 1883 eligible papers were returned. An exponential increase in the COVID-19 publications occurred in the last months. As expected, China produced the majority of articles, followed by the United States of America, the United Kingdom and Italy. There is greater collaboration between highly contributing authors and institutions. The \"BMJ\" published the highest number of papers (n=129) and \"The Lancet\" had the most citations (n=1439). The most ubiquitous topic was COVID-19 clinical features. This bibliometric analysis presents the most influential references related to COVID-19 during this time and could be useful to improve understanding and management of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32463341, "title": "COVID-19 and Eye Problems.", "journal": "Ocul Immunol Inflamm", "authors": ["Mungmunpuntipantip, Rujittika", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463341", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479716, "pmcid": "PMC7224598", "title": "Spine Surgery and COVID-19: Early Experiences From Singapore.", "journal": "Spine (Phila Pa 1976)", "authors": ["Soh, Tamara Lee Ting", "Ding, Benjamin Tze Keong", "Yap, Wayne Ming Quan", "Oh, Jacob Yoong-Leong"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479716", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345855, "pmcid": "PMC7199772", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic ARDS Survivors: Pain after the Storm?", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Vittori, Alessandro", "Lerman, Jerrold", "Cascella, Marco", "Gomez-Morad, Andrea D", "Marchetti, Giuliano", "Marinangeli, Franco", "Picardo, Sergio G"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345855", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374538, "title": "[Emergency department : COVID-19 crisis and organizational aspects].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Ageron, Francois-Xavier", "Sarasin, Francois", "Pasquier, Mathieu", "Carron, Pierre-Nicolas"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374538", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emergency departments are on the front line in the management of COVID-19 cases, from screening to the initial management of the most severe cases. The clinical presentation of COVID-19 range from non-specific symptoms to adult acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Diagnosis is based on PCR from a nasopharyngeal swab and emergency treatment rely on oxygen therapy. Patient's orientation (home, hospitalization, admission in intensive care unit) is a central aspect of emergency management. The shift from a strategy of systematic recognition of potential cases to the one of epidemic mitigation required hospital emergency medicine services to implement crisis management measures, to guarantee admission and hospitalization capacity."}, {"pmid": 32454045, "pmcid": "PMC7245235", "title": "Powerless in the ICU: Perspectives from Intensive Care Units in the Face of COVID-19.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Ramachandran, Pradeep", "Swamy, Lakshmana", "Kaul, Viren", "Agrawal, Abhinav", "Narasimhan, Mangala"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454045", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501347, "pmcid": "PMC7255227", "title": "Global food crisis looms.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Vaughan, Adam"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501347", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The covid-19 pandemic could lead to extreme poverty that leaves many struggling to afford food, reports Adam Vaughan."}, {"pmid": 32233980, "pmcid": "PMC7258750", "title": "Protected Code Stroke: Hyperacute Stroke Management During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Khosravani, Houman", "Rajendram, Phavalan", "Notario, Lowyl", "Chapman, Martin G", "Menon, Bijoy K"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233980", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background and Purpose- Hyperacute assessment and management of patients with stroke, termed code stroke, is a time-sensitive and high-stakes clinical scenario. In the context of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the ability to deliver timely and efficacious care must be balanced with the risk of infectious exposure to the clinical team. Furthermore, rapid and effective stroke care remains paramount to achieve maximal functional recovery for those needing admission and to triage care appropriately for those who may be presenting with neurological symptoms but have an alternative diagnosis. Methods- Available resources, COVID-19-specific infection prevention and control recommendations, and expert consensus were used to identify clinical screening criteria for patients and provide the required nuanced considerations for the healthcare team, thereby modifying the conventional code stroke processes to achieve a protected designation. Results- A protected code stroke algorithm was developed. Features specific to prenotification and clinical status of the patient were used to define precode screening. These include primary infectious symptoms, clinical, and examination features. A focused framework was then developed with regard to a protected code stroke. We outline the specifics of personal protective equipment use and considerations thereof including aspects of crisis resource management impacting team role designation and human performance factors during a protected code stroke. Conclusions- We introduce the concept of a protected code stroke during a pandemic, as in the case of COVID-19, and provide a framework for key considerations including screening, personal protective equipment, and crisis resource management. These considerations and suggested algorithms can be utilized and adapted for local practice."}, {"pmid": 32425151, "title": "[The Challenge of Treating Cancer Patients during the COVID19 Pandemic].", "journal": "Acta Med Port", "authors": ["Luz, Paulo", "Bretes, Luis"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425151", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501345, "pmcid": "PMC7255178", "title": "Viral survival.", "journal": "New Sci", "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501345", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "How long do viruses like cold, flu and coronavirus survive outside the body? What factors affect this?"}, {"pmid": 32417620, "pmcid": "PMC7211750", "title": "COVID-19: Obstetric anesthesia care considerations.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Herman, Jared A", "Urits, Ivan", "Kaye, Alan D", "Urman, Richard D", "Viswanath, Omar"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417620", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528155, "title": "Keeping governments accountable: the COVID-19 Assessment Scorecard (COVID-SCORE).", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Lazarus, Jeffrey V", "Binagwaho, Agnes", "El-Mohandes, Ayman A E", "Fielding, Jonathan E", "Larson, Heidi J", "Plasencia, Antoni", "Andriukaitis, Vytenis", "Ratzan, Scott C"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528155", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497451, "title": "The Psychological Change Process of Frontline Nurses Caring for Patients with COVID-19 during Its Outbreak.", "journal": "Issues Ment Health Nurs", "authors": ["Zhang, Yan", "Wei, Lili", "Li, Huanting", "Pan, Yueshuai", "Wang, Jingyuan", "Li, Qianqian", "Wu, Qian", "Wei, Holly"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497451", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Aim: To identify the psychological change process of the registered nurses who worked in the epicenter of the COVID-19 outbreak.Background: The pandemic of COVID-19 has continued to pose an unprecedented threat and challenge to people's health around the world. Nurses are at high risk because they work within the closest proximity to patients. Understanding nurses' psychological change process during the care for patients with COVID-19 is imperative for healthcare leaders.Methods: This was a qualitative descriptive study that took place in a hospital in Wuhan, China, the epicenter of the COVID-19 epidemic, from February 9th to March 15th, 2020. Using purposive sampling, we interviewed 23 nurses. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method of data analysis to find, understand, and describe nurses' experiences.Results: The psychological change process of frontline nurses included three stages, early, middle, and later stages. The psychological characteristics of each period were ambivalence, emotional exhaustion, and energy renewal, respectively. Nurse leaders were anchors in facilitating frontline nurses' psychological adaptation.Conclusions: In the past month, the psychological characteristics of nurses changed over time. The study indicated the necessity for nurse leaders to implement intervention programs based on nurses' psychological characteristics in different periods to promote nurses' health during this critical time period."}, {"pmid": 32352927, "title": "Problematic online gaming and the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Behav Addict", "authors": ["King, Daniel L", "Delfabbro, Paul H", "Billieux, Joel", "Potenza, Marc N"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352927", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Stay-at-home mandates and quarantines related to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic have led to greatly increased participation in online gaming. Initiatives such as #PlayApartTogether that promote gaming for socializing and stress reduction may achieve positive outcomes. Although gaming can be a healthy coping strategy for the majority, it can also pose risks to some vulnerable individuals. Protracted periods of social isolation and technology-based activity pose the danger of solidifying unhealthy lifestyle patterns, leading to difficulties to readaptation when the COVID-19 crisis has passed. Balanced and effective approaches to gaming during the COVID-19 pandemic are needed to support physical and psychological wellbeing."}, {"pmid": 32363245, "pmcid": "PMC7195280", "title": "Efforts to Reduce the Impacts of COVID-19 Outbreak on Radiation Oncology in Taiwan.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Chen, Yi-Lun", "Hsu, Feng-Ming", "Tsai, Chiaojung Jillian", "Chia-Hsien Cheng, Jason"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363245", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441572, "title": "A Framework for Aging-Friendly Services and Supports in the Age of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Hoffman, Geoffrey J", "Webster, Noah J", "Bynum, Julie P W"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441572", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has revealed gaps in services and supports for older adults, even as needs for health and social services have dramatically increased and may produce a cascade of disability after the pandemic subsides. In this essay, we discuss the perfect storm of individual and environmental risk factors, including deconditioning, reductions in formal and informal care support, and social isolation. We then evaluate opportunities that have arisen for strengthening person-centered services and supports for older adults, through in-home acute and primary medical care, aggressive use of video telehealth and social interaction, and implementation of volunteer or paid intergenerational service."}, {"pmid": 32378731, "title": "What is the role of a dermatologist in the battle against COVID-19? The experience from a hospital on the frontline in Milan.", "journal": "Int J Dermatol", "authors": ["Nazzaro, Gianluca", "Marzano, Angelo V", "Berti, Emilio"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378731", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32318931, "pmcid": "PMC7173775", "title": "The response during a pandemic is a blurred vision of the future. Reflections on the Lombardy reorganization of the neurosurgical emergencies during the COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Neurochir (Wien)", "authors": ["Giussani, Carlo", "Sganzerla, Erik", "Valvassori, Luca", "Alparone, Mario", "Citerio, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318931", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269356, "title": "Science in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Struct Mol Biol", "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269356", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432568, "title": "The care of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic - response of a large health system in metropolitan New York.", "journal": "J Perinat Med", "authors": ["Rochelson, Burton", "Nimaroff, Michael", "Combs, Adriann", "Schwartz, Benjamin", "Meirowitz, Natalie", "Vohra, Nidhi", "Klein, Victor R", "Santandreu, Orlando", "Kramer, Mitchell", "Mootabar, Navid", "Serur, Eli", "Spiryda, Lisa", "Berlin, Scott", "Chervenak, Frank"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432568", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid progression of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak presented extraordinary challenges to the US health care system, particularly straining resources in hard hit areas such as the New York metropolitan region. As a result, major changes in the delivery of obstetrical care were urgently needed, while maintaining patient safety on our maternity units. As the largest health system in the region, with 10 hospitals providing obstetrical services, and delivering over 30,000 babies annually, we needed to respond to this crisis in an organized, deliberate fashion. Our hospital footprint for Obstetrics was dramatically reduced to make room for the rapidly increasing numbers of COVID-19 patients, and established guidelines were quickly modified to reduce potential staff and patient exposures. New communication strategies were developed to facilitate maternity care across our hospitals, with significantly limited resources in personnel, equipment, and space. The lessons learned from these unexpected challenges offered an opportunity to reassess the delivery of obstetrical care without compromising quality and safety. These lessons may well prove valuable after the peak of the crisis has passed."}, {"pmid": 32318325, "pmcid": "PMC7171052", "title": "The clinical data from 19 critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study.", "journal": "Z Gesundh Wiss", "authors": ["Zhang, Jinping", "Liu, Peng", "Wang, Morong", "Wang, Jie", "Chen, Jie", "Yuan, Wenling", "Li, Mei", "Xie, Zhijuan", "Dong, Wangping", "Li, Hongye", "Zhao, Yan", "Wan, Lun", "Chu, Tian", "Wang, Lu", "Zhang, Hui", "Tao, Ting", "Ma, Jing"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318325", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The objectives of this study were to analyze the clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and evaluate the diagnosis and treatment. A retrospective analysis of the clinical manifestation and auxiliary examination of 19 patients with COVID-19 from the Liyuan Hospital intensive care unit (ICU) between January 16, 2020 and February 20, 2020 was undertaken. There were 11 male and 8 female cases among the patients. The median (range) age was 73 (38-91) years. Of these patients, 8 (42.1%) had died and the median duration from ICU admission to death was 2 (interquartile range (IQR): 1-10.75) days. Seven of these 8 patients had underlying diseases. The auxiliary examination showed fever (68.4%), dry cough (15.8%), dyspnea (10.5%), and diarrhea (5.3%). All 19 cases showed ground-glass changes on chest computed tomography. Serum hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and serum amylase A (SAA) were clearly increased in all of the cases. Among the 19 cases, there were 16 (84.2%) cases in which the total number of lymphocytes decreased, 12 cases (63%) had reduced liver function, and 11 cases (58%) had deviant results for fibrinogen (FIB) and D-dimer, in particular, the D-dimer level was significantly higher in the non-survivors compared with the survivors. There were more men than women among critically ill patients. All of the cases showed ground-glass changes on chest computed tomography and the vast majority of patients displayed fever and dry cough. The clinical laboratory indices change significantly, especially the D-dimer level among non-survivors."}, {"pmid": 32245830, "title": "Covid-19 worldwide: we need precise data by age group and sex urgently.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Bhopal, Raj"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245830", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251625, "pmcid": "PMC7270536", "title": "Do chronic respiratory diseases or their treatment affect the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection?", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Halpin, David M G", "Faner, Rosa", "Sibila, Oriol", "Badia, Joan Ramon", "Agusti, Alvar"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251625", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317058, "title": "Let us not forget the mask in our attempts to stall the spread of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Tuberc Lung Dis", "authors": ["Leung, C C", "Lam, T H", "Cheng, K K"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317058", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453432, "title": "Critical Infection Control Adaptations to Survive COVID-19 in Retirement Communities.", "journal": "J Gerontol Nurs", "authors": ["Munanga, Albert"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453432", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394243, "pmcid": "PMC7211911", "title": "COVID-19 research: promising tracks leading to uro-oncology.", "journal": "Int Urol Nephrol", "authors": ["Tamas, Fazekas", "Tibor, Szarvas", "Anita, Csizmarik", "Boris, Hadaschik", "Peter, Nyirady"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394243", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504454, "pmcid": "PMC7272588", "title": "Manifestations in Neonates Born to COVID-19 Positive Mothers.", "journal": "Indian J Pediatr", "authors": ["Jain, Parul", "Thakur, Anup", "Kler, Neelam", "Garg, Pankaj"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504454", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407539, "pmcid": "PMC7272975", "title": "Clinical trials for Covid-19: can we better use the short window of opportunity?", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Eichler, Hans-Georg", "Cavaleri, Marco", "Enzmann, Harald", "Scotti, Francesca", "Sepodes, Bruno", "Sweeney, Fergus", "Vamvakas, Spiros", "Rasi, Guido"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407539", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The scientific community has risen to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) challenge, coming up with an impressive list of candidate drugs and vaccines targeting an array of pharmacological and immunological mechanisms. Yet, generating clinical evidence of efficacy and safety of these candidate treatments may be frustrated by the absence of comprehensive trial coordination mechanisms. Many small stand-alone trials and observational studies of single-agent interventions are currently running or in planning; many of these will likely not deliver robust results that could support regulatory and patient-level treatment decisions. In this paper, we discuss actions that all stakeholders in the clinical trial ecosystem need to take to ensure that the window of opportunity during this pandemic will not shut, both for patients in need of treatment and for researchers to conduct decision-relevant clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32234804, "pmcid": "PMC7164389", "title": "An investigation of transmission control measures during the first 50 days of the COVID-19 epidemic in China.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Tian, Huaiyu", "Liu, Yonghong", "Li, Yidan", "Wu, Chieh-Hsi", "Chen, Bin", "Kraemer, Moritz U G", "Li, Bingying", "Cai, Jun", "Xu, Bo", "Yang, Qiqi", "Wang, Ben", "Yang, Peng", "Cui, Yujun", "Song, Yimeng", "Zheng, Pai", "Wang, Quanyi", "Bjornstad, Ottar N", "Yang, Ruifu", "Grenfell, Bryan T", "Pybus, Oliver G", "Dye, Christopher"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234804", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Responding to an outbreak of a novel coronavirus [agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)] in December 2019, China banned travel to and from Wuhan city on 23 January 2020 and implemented a national emergency response. We investigated the spread and control of COVID-19 using a data set that included case reports, human movement, and public health interventions. The Wuhan shutdown was associated with the delayed arrival of COVID-19 in other cities by 2.91 days. Cities that implemented control measures preemptively reported fewer cases on average (13.0) in the first week of their outbreaks compared with cities that started control later (20.6). Suspending intracity public transport, closing entertainment venues, and banning public gatherings were associated with reductions in case incidence. The national emergency response appears to have delayed the growth and limited the size of the COVID-19 epidemic in China, averting hundreds of thousands of cases by 19 February (day 50)."}, {"pmid": 32468127, "pmcid": "PMC7255446", "title": "How urinary stone emergencies changed in the time of COVID-19?", "journal": "Urolithiasis", "authors": ["Flammia, Simone", "Salciccia, Stefano", "Tufano, Antonio", "Busetto, Gian Maria", "Ricciuti, Gian Piero", "Sciarra, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468127", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292839, "pmcid": "PMC7118610", "title": "Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy Recommendations in Response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Zaorsky, Nicholas G", "Yu, James B", "McBride, Sean M", "Dess, Robert T", "Jackson, William C", "Mahal, Brandon A", "Chen, Ronald", "Choudhury, Ananya", "Henry, Ann", "Syndikus, Isabel", "Mitin, Timur", "Tree, Alison", "Kishan, Amar U", "Spratt, Daniel E"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292839", "countries": ["United States", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During a global pandemic the benefit of routine visits and treatment of cancer patients must be weighed against the risks to patients, staff, and society. Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers Radiation Oncology departments treat, and efficient resource utilization is essential in the setting of a pandemic. Herein, we aim to establish recommendations and a framework by which to evaluate prostate radiotherapy management decisions. Radiation Oncologists from the United States and United Kingdom rapidly conducted a systematic review and agreed upon recommendations to safely manage prostate cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. A RADS framework was created: Remote visits, and Avoidance, Deferment, and Shortening of radiotherapy was applied to determine appropriate approaches. Recommendations are provided by National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) risk group, including clinical node positive, post-prostatectomy, oligometastatic, and low volume M1 disease. Across all prostate cancer stages, telemedicine consultations and return visits were recommended when resources/staff available. Delays in consultations and return visits was deemed safe based on stage of disease between 1-6 months. Treatment can be avoided or delayed until safe for very low, low, and favorable intermediate-risk disease. Unfavorable intermediate-risk, high-risk, clinical node positive, recurrence post-surgery, oligometastatic, and low-volume M1 disease can receive neoadjuvant hormone therapy for 4-6 months as necessary. Ultrahypofractionation was preferred for localized, oligometastatic, and low volume M1, and moderate hypofractionation was preferred for post-prostatectomy and clinical node positive disease. Salvage was preferred to adjuvant radiation. Resources can be reduced for all identified stages of prostate cancer. The RADS (Remote visits, and Avoidance, Deferment, and Shortening of radiotherapy) framework can be applied to other disease sites to help with decision making in a global pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32405245, "pmcid": "PMC7218347", "title": "Clinical course of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in individuals present during the outbreak on the Diamond Princess cruise ship.", "journal": "J Infect Chemother", "authors": ["Kato, Hideaki", "Shimizu, Hiroyuki", "Shibue, Yasushi", "Hosoda, Tomohiro", "Iwabuchi, Keisuke", "Nagamine, Kotaro", "Saito, Hiroki", "Sawada, Reimin", "Oishi, Takayuki", "Tsukiji, Jun", "Fujita, Hiroyuki", "Furuya, Ryosuke", "Masuda, Makoto", "Akasaka, Osamu", "Ikeda, Yu", "Sakamoto, Mitsuo", "Sakai, Kazuya", "Uchiyama, Munehito", "Watanabe, Hiroki", "Yamaguchi, Nobuhiro", "Higa, Ryoko", "Sasaki, Akiko", "Tanaka, Katsuaki", "Toyoda, Yukitoshi", "Hamanaka, Shinsuke", "Miyazawa, Naoki", "Shimizu, Atsuko", "Fukase, Fumie", "Iwai, Shunsuke", "Komase, Yuko", "Kawasaki, Tsutomu", "Nagata, Isao", "Nakayama, Yusuke", "Takei, Tetsuhiro", "Kimura, Katsuo", "Kunisaki, Reiko", "Kudo, Makoto", "Takeuchi, Ichiro", "Nakajima, Hideaki"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405245", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We investigated the clinical course of individuals with 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) who were transferred from the Diamond Princess cruise ship to 12 local hospitals. The conditions and clinical courses of patients with pneumonia were compared with those of patients without pneumonia. Among 70 patients (median age: 67 years) analyzed, the major symptoms were fever (64.3%), cough (54.3%), and general fatigue (24.3%). Forty-three patients (61.4%) had pneumonia. Higher body temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate as well as higher of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and lower serum albumin level and lymphocyte count were associated with the presence of pneumonia. Ground-glass opacity was found in 97.7% of the patients with pneumonia. Patients were administered neuraminidase inhibitors (20%), lopinavir/ritonavir (32.9%), and ciclesonide inhalation (11.4%). Mechanical ventilation and veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was performed on 14 (20%) and 2 (2.9%) patients, respectively; two patients died. The median duration of intubation was 12 days. The patients with COVID-19 transferred to local hospitals during the outbreak had severe conditions and needed close monitoring. The severity of COVID-19 depends on the presence of pneumonia. High serum LDH, AST and CRP levels and low serum albumin level and lymphocyte count were found to be predictors of pneumonia. It was challenging for local hospitals to admit and treat these patients during the outbreak of COVID-19. Assessment of severity was crucial to manage a large number of patients."}, {"pmid": 32305077, "pmcid": "PMC7162630", "title": "Blood transfusion strategies and ECMO during the COVID-19 pandemic - Authors' reply.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Ramanathan, Kollengode", "MacLaren, Graeme", "Combes, Alain", "Brodie, Daniel", "Shekar, Kiran"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305077", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422439, "pmcid": "PMC7205674", "title": "Firearms or SARS-Cov-2: what is the most lethal?", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Dutheil, F", "Baker, J S", "Navel, V"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422439", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501377, "pmcid": "PMC7247520", "title": "Statistical analysis of forecasting COVID-19 for upcoming month in Pakistan.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Yousaf, Muhammad", "Zahir, Samiha", "Riaz, Muhammad", "Hussain, Sardar Muhammad", "Shah, Kamal"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501377", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this paper, we have conducted analysis based on data obtained from National Institute of Health (NIH) - Islamabad and produced a forecast of COVID-19 confirmed cases as well as the number of deaths and recoveries in Pakistan using the Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average Model (ARIMA). The fitted forecasting models revealed high exponential growth in the number of confirmed cases, deaths and recoveries in Pakistan. Based on our model prediction the number of confirmed cases will be increased by 2.7 times, 95% prediction interval for the number of cases at the end of May 2020\u00a0=\u00a0(5681 to 33079). There could be up to 500 deaths, 95% prediction interval\u00a0=\u00a0(168 to 885) and there could be eightfold increase in the number of recoveries, 95% prediction interval\u00a0=\u00a0(2391 to 16126). The forecasting results of COVID-19 are alarming for May in Pakistan. The health officials and government should adopt new strategies to control the pandemic from further spread until a proper treatment or vaccine is developed."}, {"pmid": 32268022, "pmcid": "PMC7161262", "title": "Coagulopathy and Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Patients with Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Yan", "Xiao, Meng", "Zhang, Shulan", "Xia, Peng", "Cao, Wei", "Jiang, Wei", "Chen, Huan", "Ding, Xin", "Zhao, Hua", "Zhang, Hongmin", "Wang, Chunyao", "Zhao, Jing", "Sun, Xuefeng", "Tian, Ran", "Wu, Wei", "Wu, Dong", "Ma, Jie", "Chen, Yu", "Zhang, Dong", "Xie, Jing", "Yan, Xiaowei", "Zhou, Xiang", "Liu, Zhengyin", "Wang, Jinglan", "Du, Bin", "Qin, Yan", "Gao, Peng", "Qin, Xuzhen", "Xu, Yingchun", "Zhang, Wen", "Li, Taisheng", "Zhang, Fengchun", "Zhao, Yongqiang", "Li, Yongzhe", "Zhang, Shuyang"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268022", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31994742, "pmcid": "PMC7167192", "title": "Updated understanding of the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wang, Weier", "Tang, Jianming", "Wei, Fangqiang"], "date": "2020-01-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31994742", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To help health workers and the public recognize and deal with the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) quickly, effectively, and calmly with an updated understanding. A comprehensive search from Chinese and worldwide official websites and announcements was performed between 1 December 2019 and 9:30 am 26 January 2020 (Beijing time). A latest summary of 2019-nCoV and the current outbreak was drawn. Up to 24 pm, 25 January 2020, a total of 1975 cases of 2019-nCoV infection were confirmed in mainland China with a total of 56 deaths having occurred. The latest mortality was approximately 2.84% with a total of 2684 cases still suspected. The China National Health Commission reported the details of the first 17 deaths up to 24 pm, 22 January 2020. The deaths included 13 males and 4 females. The median age of the people who died was 75 (range 48-89) years. Fever (64.7%) and cough (52.9%) were the most common first symptoms among those who died. The median number of days from the occurence of the first symptom to death was 14.0 (range 6-41) days, and it tended to be shorter among people aged 70 years or more (11.5 [range 6-19] days) than those aged less than 70 years (20 [range 10-41] days; P\u2009=\u2009.033). The 2019-nCoV infection is spreading and its incidence is increasing nationwide. The first deaths occurred mostly in elderly people, among whom the disease might progress faster. The public should still be cautious in dealing with the virus and pay more attention to protecting the elderly people from the virus."}, {"pmid": 32519763, "title": "Letter to the Editor: The characteristics of two patients co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 and HIV in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Li, Wei", "Ma, Qiang", "Wang, Xiao", "Tang, Min", "Lin, Jie", "Xiao, Bin"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519763", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We reported two cases of COVID-19 patients co-infected with HIV. The SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test of patients turned negative while the clinical symptoms persisted, and interstitial pneumonia gradually deteriorated. The cases provided evidences to clinicians for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 patients co-infected with HIV. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32349002, "title": "COVID-19: Don`t neglect the Gastrointestinal Tract!", "journal": "Dig Dis", "authors": ["Malfertheiner, Peter", "Bornschein, Jan", "Ricciardiello, Luigi"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349002", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "n/a."}, {"pmid": 32323016, "pmcid": "PMC7175828", "title": "SAGES and EAES recommendations for minimally invasive surgery during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Surg Endosc", "authors": ["Francis, Nader", "Dort, Jonathan", "Cho, Eugene", "Feldman, Liane", "Keller, Deborah", "Lim, Rob", "Mikami, Dean", "Phillips, Edward", "Spaniolas, Konstantinos", "Tsuda, Shawn", "Wasco, Kevin", "Arulampalam, Tan", "Sheraz, Markar", "Morales, Salvador", "Pietrabissa, Andrea", "Asbun, Horacio", "Pryor, Aurora"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323016", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The unprecedented pandemic of COVID-19 has impacted many lives and affects the whole healthcare systems globally. In addition to the considerable workload challenges, surgeons are faced with a number of uncertainties regarding their own safety, practice, and overall patient care. This guide has been drafted at short notice to advise on specific issues related to surgical service provision and the safety of minimally invasive surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although laparoscopy can theoretically lead to aerosolization of blood borne viruses, there is no evidence available to confirm this is the case with COVID-19. The ultimate decision on the approach should be made after considering the proven benefits of laparoscopic techniques versus the potential theoretical risks of aerosolization. Nevertheless, erring on the side of safety would warrant treating the coronavirus as exhibiting similar aerosolization properties and all members of the OR staff should use personal protective equipment (PPE) in all surgical procedures during the pandemic regardless of known or suspected COVID status. Pneumoperitoneum should be safely evacuated via a filtration system before closure, trocar removal, specimen extraction, or conversion to open. All emergent endoscopic procedures performed during the pandemic should be considered as high risk and PPE must be used by all endoscopy staff."}, {"pmid": 32379999, "title": "Desire for parenthood at the time of COVID-19 pandemic: an insight into the Italian situation.", "journal": "J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol", "authors": ["Micelli, Elisabetta", "Cito, Gianmartin", "Cocci, Andrea", "Polloni, Gaia", "Russo, Giorgio Ivan", "Minervini, Andrea", "Carini, Marco", "Natali, Alessandro", "Coccia, Maria Elisabetta"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379999", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Purpose: To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lifestyle change on couples of reproductive age and on their desire for parenthood.Materials and methods: A quantitative correlational research study, based on a web survey, was conducted among Italian men and women in heterosexual stable relationships, aged between 18 and 46\u2009years. The self-administered Italian version questionnaire was created using Google Forms and posted on chats and social networks.The mood of participants before and during the quarantine was assessed using a scale from 1 to 10 (1\u2009=\u2009no wellbeing; 10\u2009=\u2009total wellbeing). Couples' quality of life and their reproductive desire were evaluated.Results: 1482 respondents were included: 944 women (63.7%) and 538 men (36.3%). A significant trend toward reduced mean wellbeing scores during the quarantine, compared to before, was found (p\u2009<\u2009.01). From 18.1% participants who were planning to have a child before the pandemic, 37.3% abandoned the intention, related to worries of future economic difficulties (58%) and consequences on pregnancy (58%). Of 81.9% who did not intend to conceive, 11.5% revealed a desire for parenthood during quarantine than before (p\u2009<\u2009.01), related to will for change (50%) and need for positivity (40%). 4.3% of these actually tried to get pregnant. Stratifying by age, a trend toward older ages was found in the desire for parenthood before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (p\u2009<\u2009.05).Conclusions: COVID-19 pandemic is impacting on the desire for parenthood. It is unknown whether these findings will result in a substantial modification of birth rate in the near future."}, {"pmid": 32445960, "pmcid": "PMC7238977", "title": "Biophotonics for pandemic control: large-area infection monitoring and microbial inactivation of COVID-19.", "journal": "Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther", "authors": ["Marcelo, Saito Nogueira"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445960", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328698, "pmcid": "PMC7179794", "title": "Being a foot and ankle surgeon in Italy in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc", "authors": ["Usuelli, Federico Giuseppe", "D'Ambrosi, Riccardo"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328698", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529793, "title": "Simple barrier device to minimize facial exposure of endoscopists during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dig Endosc", "authors": ["Suzuki, Sho", "Kusano, Chika", "Ikehara, Hisatomo"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529793", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372796, "pmcid": "PMC7195149", "title": "Taking down covid-19.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Arnold, Carrie"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372796", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Thousands of people are searching for coronavirus treatments. Which are most promising and when will we have them, asks Carrie Arnold."}, {"pmid": 32330414, "pmcid": "PMC7179501", "title": "The Architecture of SARS-CoV-2 Transcriptome.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Kim, Dongwan", "Lee, Joo-Yeon", "Yang, Jeong-Sun", "Kim, Jun Won", "Kim, V Narry", "Chang, Hyeshik"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330414", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a betacoronavirus responsible for the\u00a0COVID-19 pandemic. Although the SARS-CoV-2 genome was reported recently, its transcriptomic architecture is unknown. Utilizing two complementary sequencing techniques, we present a high-resolution\u00a0map of the SARS-CoV-2 transcriptome and epitranscriptome. DNA nanoball sequencing shows that the transcriptome is highly complex owing to numerous discontinuous transcription events. In addition to the canonical genomic and 9 subgenomic RNAs, SARS-CoV-2 produces transcripts encoding unknown ORFs with fusion, deletion, and/or frameshift. Using nanopore direct RNA sequencing, we further find at least 41 RNA modification sites on viral transcripts, with the most frequent motif, AAGAA. Modified RNAs have shorter poly(A) tails than unmodified RNAs, suggesting a link between the modification and the 3' tail. Functional investigation of the unknown transcripts and RNA modifications discovered in this study will open new directions to our understanding of the life cycle and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32282022, "title": "Pharmacologic Treatments for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Sanders, James M", "Monogue, Marguerite L", "Jodlowski, Tomasz Z", "Cutrell, James B"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282022", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) presents an unprecedented challenge to identify effective drugs for prevention and treatment. Given the rapid pace of scientific discovery and clinical data generated by the large number of people rapidly infected by SARS-CoV-2, clinicians need accurate evidence regarding effective medical treatments for this infection. No proven effective therapies for this virus currently exist. The rapidly expanding knowledge regarding SARS-CoV-2 virology provides a significant number of potential drug targets. The most promising therapy is remdesivir. Remdesivir has potent in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2, but it is not US Food and Drug Administration approved and currently is being tested in ongoing randomized trials. Oseltamivir has not been shown to have efficacy, and corticosteroids are currently not recommended. Current clinical evidence does not support stopping angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers in patients with COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic represents the greatest global public health crisis of this generation and, potentially, since the pandemic influenza outbreak of 1918. The speed and volume of clinical trials launched to investigate potential therapies for COVID-19 highlight both the need and capability to produce high-quality evidence even in the middle of a pandemic. No therapies have been shown effective to date."}, {"pmid": 32469436, "title": "Physicochemical properties of SARS-CoV-2 for drug targeting, virus inactivation and attenuation, vaccine formulation and quality control.", "journal": "Electrophoresis", "authors": ["Scheller, Christin", "Krebs, Finja", "Minkner, Robert", "Astner, Isabel", "Gil-Moles, Maria", "Watzig, Hermann"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469436", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The material properties of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its proteins are discussed. We review the viral structure, size, rigidity, lipophilicity, isoelectric point, buoyant density and centrifugation conditions, stability against pH, temperature, UV light, gamma radiation, and susceptibility to various chemical agents including solvents and detergents. Possible inactivation, downstream, and formulation conditions are given including suitable buffers and some first ideas for quality-control methods. This information supports vaccine development and discussion with competent authorities during vaccine approval and is certainly related to drug-targeting strategies and hygienics. Several instructive tables are given, including the pI and grand average of hydropathicity (GRAVY) of SARS-CoV-1 and -2 proteins in comparison. SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 are similar in many regards, so information can often be derived. Both are unusually stable, but sensitive at their lipophilic membranes. However, since seemingly small differences can have strong effects, for example, on immunologically relevant epitope settings, unevaluated knowledge transfer from SARS-CoV-1 to SARS-CoV-2 cannot be advised. Published knowledge regarding downstream processes, formulations and quality assuring methods is, as yet, limited. However, standard approaches employed for other viruses and vaccines seem to be feasible including virus inactivation, centrifugation conditions, and the use of adjuvants."}, {"pmid": 32379956, "pmcid": "PMC7224605", "title": "The Urgency of Care during the Covid-19 Pandemic - Learning as We Go.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubin, Eric J", "Harrington, David P", "Hogan, Joseph W", "Gatsonis, Constantine", "Baden, Lindsey R", "Hamel, Mary Beth"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379956", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429780, "title": "Near-term pregnant women's attitude toward, concern about and knowledge of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med", "authors": ["Yassa, Murat", "Birol, Pinar", "Yirmibes, Cihangir", "Usta, Canberk", "Haydar, Ahmad", "Yassa, Ahmet", "Sandal, Kemal", "Tekin, Arzu Bilge", "Tug, Niyazi"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429780", "countries": ["Syrian Arab Republic", "Turkey"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: COVID-19 is a novel type of the coronavirus family with an incompletely described clinical course. Little is known about the psychological aspects, particularly for vulnerable populations including pregnant women.Objectives: To understand the attitude, concerns, and knowledge of the non-infected pregnant women toward the COVID-19 outbreak in order to constitute base data for detailed counseling and to develop targeted messages.Patients and methods: This cross-sectional survey research presented analysis of prospectively collected data yielded at a single tertiary \"Coronavirus Pandemic Hospital\" referral center for a ten days period following the first confirmed death due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. Non-infected women with a confirmed pregnancy over 30th gestational week were consecutively included. A patient-reported non-validated questionnaire formed by the expert committee that includes 15 specific questions was used. Non-infected, pregnant women over 30th gestational week who applied to the outpatient clinic were consecutively included. A total of 213 women were enrolled, 37 were excluded: 7 for being in the first trimester, 3 were illiterate, and 27 were Syrian refugees having difficulties in translation.Results: A total of 172 pregnant women were included. Overall, four women refused to participate to the survey (1.9%). The mean age was 27.5\u2009\u00b1\u20095.3\u00a0years. Median gestational week and parity were 35\u2009\u00b1\u200911\u00a0weeks and 1\u2009\u00b1\u20092, respectively. Pregnant women were observed to trust the authorities (65%) and the healthcare staff (92.4%), and their respect was increased (82.5%) during the outbreak. Majority of the women (87.2%) comply with the self-quarantine rules. Half of the women (52%) reported that they felt vulnerable and predominantly were concerned (80%). Approximately one-third of the women constantly keep thinking that they may get infected (35.5%) or they might get infected during/following the delivery or their baby might get infected after being born (42%). Half of the women (50%) were reported that they either had no idea about or think the breastfeeding is not safe during the outbreak. About 45% of the women were confused or had doubts about if the mode of delivery may be affected by the pandemic. Greater part of the participants does not know if COVID-19 might cause birth defects (76%) or preterm birth (64.5%). Counseling flow keys helping pregnant women to overcome misleads, regarding the COVID-19 outbreak is proposed.Conclusions: Non-infected pregnant women with a viable pregnancy at near term were observed to have positive attitude and compliance toward the COVID-19 outbreak and frontline healthcare staff; increased concern and vulnerability; and restricted knowledge about the pregnancy-related outcomes. While the clinical evidence was growing rapidly, this data may guide obstetricians and midwives to perceive what accurate information should be provided to the pregnant women."}, {"pmid": 32414838, "title": "Saliva as an Alternate Specimen Source for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Symptomatic Patients Using Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["McCormick-Baw, Clare", "Morgan, Kristi", "Gaffney, Donna", "Cazares, Yareli", "Jaworski, Karen", "Byrd, Adrienne", "Molberg, Kyle", "Cavuoti, Dominick"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414838", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Among the many facets of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is the unprecedented pressure it has placed on different points of the supply chain for hospital systems worldwide such as collection devices for the diagnosis of COVID-19.\u2026."}, {"pmid": 32506222, "title": "COVID-19: Impact of and on Diabetes.", "journal": "Diabetes Ther", "authors": ["Schofield, Jonathan", "Leelarathna, Lalantha", "Thabit, Hood"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506222", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diabetes has been identified as a pre-existing health condition linked with worse outcomes following coronavirus disease 2019 infection. Here we explore the association between hyperglycaemia and more severe illness, the impact of the pandemic on diabetes service delivery, and the resultant opportunities for innovation."}, {"pmid": 32441894, "title": "Why Challenge Trials of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Could Be Ethical Despite Risk of Severe Adverse Events.", "journal": "Ethics Hum Res", "authors": ["Eyal, Nir"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441894", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Human challenge trials to test the efficacy of vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus behind Covid-19, could save considerable time and many lives. But they may initially seem unethical because they expose healthy volunteers to a live virus that is killing many people and for which no cure exists. This article argues that this is not the correct test of their ethics. The correct test is comparative. And in the special circumstances of the Covid-19 pandemic, human challenge trials meet the correct test better than standard efficacy testing would."}, {"pmid": 32410333, "pmcid": "PMC7272877", "title": "Delivering urgent urological surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom: Outcomes from our initial 52 patients.", "journal": "BJU Int", "authors": ["Paramore, Louise", "Yang, Bob", "Abdelmotagly, Yehia", "Noureldin, Mohamed", "McLean, Duncan", "Rajkumar, Govindaraj", "Adamson, Andrew", "Emara, Amr", "White, Christopher", "Hindley, Richard", "Nedas, Timothy"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410333", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since first reported in December 2019, the novel RNA betacoronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread rapidly across the world with, as of the 3rd May 2020, 3.3 million confirmed cases with more than 230,000 deaths worldwide and more than 200 countries affected. The most common symptoms reported include dry cough, fever and fatigue with ground-glass opacification bilaterally in the lungs on imaging and lymphopenia on haematological analysis. In severe cases the patients can develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or multi organ failure which can lead to death. Transmission of the virus (SARS-CoV-2) is via direct contact or via droplets spread by a cough or sneeze from an infected individual. The difficulty in disease detection and containment has been the long course of COVID-19. Current evidence shows an incubation period of up to 14 days post exposure to the virus, and on average most patients first display symptoms on day five after initial exposure. More importantly, carriers are contagious even during this preceding asymptomatic incubation phase of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32501358, "pmcid": "PMC7237936", "title": "Editorial: Impacts of COVID-19 on agricultural and food systems worldwide and on progress to the sustainable development goals.", "journal": "Agric Syst", "authors": ["Stephens, Emma C", "Martin, Guillaume", "van Wijk, Mark", "Timsina, Jagadish", "Snow, Val"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501358", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311049, "pmcid": "PMC7188176", "title": "COVID-19 in nursing homes.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Fallon, A", "Dukelow, T", "Kennelly, S P", "O'Neill, D"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311049", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304386, "pmcid": "PMC7188067", "title": "Managing a Specialty Service During the COVID-19 Crisis: Lessons From a New York City Health System.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Ammar, Adam", "Stock, Ariel D", "Holland, Ryan", "Gelfand, Yaroslav", "Altschul, David"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304386", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has stretched health care resources to a point of crisis throughout the world. To answer the call for care, health care workers in a diverse range of specialties are being retasked to care for patients with COVID-19. Consequently, specialty services have had to adapt to decreased staff available for coverage coupled with a need to remain available for specialty-specific emergencies, which now require a dynamic definition. In this Invited Commentary, the authors describe their experiences and share lessons learned regarding triage of patients, staff safety, workforce management, and the psychological impact as they have adapted to a new reality in the Department of Neurosurgery at Montefiore Medical Center, a COVID-19 hotspot in New York City."}, {"pmid": 32444413, "pmcid": "PMC7243393", "title": "COVID-19 in Italy - Passing through bitter waters.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Guglielmetti, Lorenzo", "Chiesi, Sheila"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444413", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385982, "title": "[Materialism and dialectics of epidemic prevention and control: only by respecting science can we do more with less].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue", "authors": ["Wu, Xiukun"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385982", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemic caused by COVID-19 has been highly concerned by the international community including World Health Organization (WHO). This is an ongoing battle for human life and health. We should always remember and learn lessons from the past, which could be promoted to all over the country, even the world. Many phenomena and problems in the work of epidemic prevention, control and treatment are worthy of our deep reflection. We should use scientific approach and dialectical materialism to make a practical and realistic summary. The purpose is to win the battle as soon as possible, and more importantly, to avoid repeating the same mistakes and prevent pestilence before it happens."}, {"pmid": 32235480, "pmcid": "PMC7230280", "title": "A Simulation on Potential Secondary Spread of Novel Coronavirus in an Exported Country Using a Stochastic Epidemic SEIR Model.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Iwata, Kentaro", "Miyakoshi, Chisato"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235480", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Ongoing outbreak of pneumonia caused by novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) began in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and the number of new patients continues to increase. Even though it began to spread to many other parts of the world, such as other Asian countries, the Americas, Europe, and the Middle East, the impact of secondary outbreaks caused by exported cases outside China remains unclear. We conducted simulations to estimate the impact of potential secondary outbreaks in a community outside China. Simulations using stochastic SEIR model were conducted, assuming one patient was imported to a community. Among 45 possible scenarios we prepared, the worst scenario resulted in the total number of persons recovered or removed to be 997 (95% CrI 990-1000) at day 100 and a maximum number of symptomatic infectious patients per day of 335 (95% CrI 232-478). Calculated mean basic reproductive number (R0) was 6.5 (Interquartile range, IQR 5.6-7.2). However, better case scenarios with different parameters led to no secondary cases. Altering parameters, especially time to hospital visit. could change the impact of a secondary outbreak. With these multiple scenarios with different parameters, healthcare professionals might be able to better prepare for this viral infection."}, {"pmid": 32255183, "pmcid": "PMC7184509", "title": "Lockdown contained the spread of 2019 novel coronavirus disease in Huangshi city, China: Early epidemiological findings.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ji, Tuo", "Chen, Hai-Lian", "Xu, Jing", "Wu, Ling-Ning", "Li, Jie-Jia", "Chen, Kai", "Qin, Gang"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255183", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To control the spread of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), China sealed Wuhan on Jan 23, 2020 and soon expanded lockdown to other twelve cities in Hubei province. We aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics in one of the cities and highlight the effect of current implemented lockdown and nonpharmaceutical interventions. We retrieved data of reported cases in Huangshi and Wuhan from publicly available disease databases. Local epidemiological data on suspected or confirmed cases in Huangshi were collected through field investigation. Epidemic curves were constructed with data on reported and observed cases. The accumulated confirmed COVID-19 cases and fatality in Huangshi were reported to be 1015 and 3.74% respectively, compared with 50006 and 5.08% in Wuhan till Mar 27, 2020. Right after Jan 24, the epidemic curve based on observed cases in Huangshi became flattened. Feb 1, 2020 was identified as the \"turning point\" as the epidemic in Huangshi faded soon afterwards. COVID-19 epidemic was characterized by mild cases in Huangshi, accounting for 82.66% of total cases. Moreover, 50 asymptomatic infections were identified in adults and children. Besides, we found confirmed cases in 19 familial clusters and 21 health care workers, supporting inter-human transmission. Our study reported the temporal dynamics and characteristics of the COVID-19 epidemic in Huangshi city, China, across the unprecedented intervention. Such new epidemiological inference might provide further guidance on current lockdown measures in high-risk cities and, subsequently, help improve public health intervention strategies against the pandemic on the country and global levels."}, {"pmid": 32427744, "title": "COVID-19 Return to Work Guidance and Recommendations for Vestibular Clinicians.", "journal": "Ear Hear", "authors": ["Rizk, H G", "Strange, C", "Atallah, S", "Massingale, S", "Clendaniel, R"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427744", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As states begin issuing progressive deconfinement guidelines, hospitals and institutions are starting to reopen for elective procedures and consultations. Vestibular clinicians are opening their practices to evaluate, test or treat patients with dizziness and balance problems. The following document, requested by the American Balance Society, collates the current information about the virus, including transmission from asymptomatic carriers, decontamination and other safety protocols, and provides a return to work guidance for clinicians caring for this population of patients, promoting provider, patient and staff safety."}, {"pmid": 32320852, "pmcid": "PMC7167229", "title": "Deja vu: Stimulating open drug discovery for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Drug Discov Today", "authors": ["Ekins, Sean", "Mottin, Melina", "Ramos, Paulo R P S", "Sousa, Bruna K P", "Neves, Bruno Junior", "Foil, Daniel H", "Zorn, Kimberley M", "Braga, Rodolpho C", "Coffee, Megan", "Southan, Christopher", "Puhl, Ana C", "Andrade, Carolina Horta"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320852", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the past decade we have seen two major Ebola virus outbreaks in Africa, the Zika virus in Brazil and the Americas and the current pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is a strong sense of d\u00e9j\u00e0 vu because there are still no effective treatments. In the COVID-19 pandemic, despite being a new virus, there are already drugs suggested as active in in vitro assays that are being repurposed in clinical trials. Promising SARS-CoV-2 viral targets and computational approaches are described and discussed. Here, we propose, based on open antiviral drug discovery approaches for previous outbreaks, that there could still be gaps in our approach to drug discovery."}, {"pmid": 32275255, "title": "Genomic Epidemiology and its importance in the study of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J", "Balbin-Ramon, Graciela J", "Rabaan, Ali A", "Sah, Ranjit", "Dhama, Kuldeep", "Paniz-Mondolfi, Alberto", "Pagliano, Pasquale", "Esposito, Silvano"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275255", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Not available."}, {"pmid": 32454510, "title": "Potential Immunoregulatory and Antiviral/SARS-CoV-2 Activities of Nitric Oxide.", "journal": "Med Sci Monit", "authors": ["Stefano, George B", "Esch, Tobias", "Kream, Richard M"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454510", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nitric oxide (NO) represents a key signaling molecule in multiple regulatory pathways underlying vascular, metabolic, immune, and neurological function across animal phyla. Our brief critical discussion is focused on the multiple roles of the NO signaling pathways in the maintenance of basal physiological states of readiness in diverse cell types mediating innate immunological functions and in the facilitation of proinflammatory-mediated adaptive immunological responses associated with viral infections. Prior studies have reinforced the critical importance of constitutive NO signaling pathways in the homeostatic maintenance of the vascular endothelium, and state-dependent changes in innate immunological responses have been associated with a functional override of NO-mediated inhibitory tone. Accordingly, convergent lines of evidence suggest that dysregulation of NO signaling pathways, as well as canonical oxidative effects of inducible NO, may provide a permissive cellular environment for viral entry and replication. In immunologically compromised individuals, functional override and chronic rundown of inhibitory NO signaling systems promote aberrant expression of unregulated proinflammatory pathways resulting in widespread metabolic insufficiencies and structural damage to autonomous cellular and organ structures. We contend that restoration of normative NO tone via combined pharmaceutical, dietary, or complex behavioral interventions may partially reverse deleterious physiological conditions brought about by viral infection linked to unregulated adaptive immune responses."}, {"pmid": 32147731, "pmcid": "PMC7108147", "title": "Diagnosis and Management of First Case of COVID-19 in Canada: Lessons applied from SARS.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Marchand-Senecal, Xavier", "Kozak, Rob", "Mubareka, Samira", "Salt, Natasha", "Gubbay, Jonathan B", "Eshaghi, Alireza", "Allen, Vanessa", "Li, Yan", "Bastien, Natalie", "Gilmour, Matthew", "Ozaldin, Omar", "Leis, Jerome A"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32147731", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report diagnosis and management of the first laboratory-confirmed case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalized in Toronto, Canada. No healthcare-associated transmission occurred. In the face of a potential pandemic of COVID-19, we suggest sustainable and scalable control measures developed based on lessons learned from SARS."}, {"pmid": 32456713, "title": "Mental Health Impacts of COVID-19 in Ireland and the Need for a Secondary Care, Mental Health Service Response.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["O'Connor, Karen", "Wrigley, Margo", "Jennings, Rhona", "Hill, Michele", "Niazi, Amir"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456713", "countries": ["Ireland"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32274774, "title": "[Obstetric Anesthesia During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic - a Brief Overview of Published Recommendations for Action by National and International Specialist Societies and Committees].", "journal": "Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther", "authors": ["Kranke, Peter", "Weibel, Stephanie", "Sitter, Magdalena", "Meybohm, Patrick", "Girard, Thierry"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274774", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The most common human corona viruses cause common colds. But three of these viruses cause more serious, acute diseases; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS by MERS-CoV), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) by SARS-CoV and COVID-19 by SARS-CoV-2. The current outbreak was classified by the WHO as a \"global public health emergency\". Despite all efforts to reduce the surgical lists and to cancel or postpone non-time-critical surgical interventions, some surgical and anesthetic interventions outside of intensive care medicine are still necessary and must be performed. This is particularly true for obstetric interventions and neuraxial labor analgesia. Workload in the delivery room is presumably not going to decrease and planned cesarean sections cannot be postponed. In the meantime, the clinical course and outcome of some COVID-19 patients with an existing pregnancy or peripartum courses have been reported. There are already numerous recommendations from national and international bodies regarding the care of such patients. Some of these recommendations will be summarized in this manuscript. The selection of aspects should by no means be seen as a form of prioritization. The general treatment principles in dealing with COVID-19 patients and the recommendations for action in intensive care therapy also apply to pregnant and postpartum patients. In this respect, there are naturally considerable redundancies and only a few aspects apply strictly or exclusively to the cohort of obstetric patients. In summary, at present it must be stated that the general care recommendations that also apply to non-COVID-19 patients are initially valid with regard to obstetric anesthesia. Nevertheless, the special requirements on the part of hygiene and infection protection result in special circumstances that should be taken into account when caring for pregnant patients from an anesthetic point of view. These relate to both medical aspects, but also to a particular extent logistics issues with regard to spatial separation, staffing and material resources."}, {"pmid": 32372814, "pmcid": "PMC7194815", "title": "Earth Day at 50.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Nabhan, Gary Paul"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372814", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus will overshadow Earth Day's golden anniversary, but the movement's successes are worth celebrating, says Gary Paul Nabhan."}, {"pmid": 32525380, "title": "The psychological impact of preexisting mental and physical health conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Alonzi, Sarah", "La Torre, Adelaide", "Silverstein, Madison W"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525380", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has substantially changed our daily lives, career trajectories, and sense of safety. Current research posits that younger adults without persisting health conditions may be at reduced risk for complications of COVID-19 infection. However, young adults are often in unstable places in their careers, education, and social lives, which may be more disrupted by policy changes than those of older adults. Thus, it is imperative to identify young adult subgroups who are at increased risk for mental health difficulties to develop targeted interventions to mitigate emotional distress. This study recruited 620 young adults, Ages 18-35 (M = 26.59; SD = 5.24), to determine whether there were differences in self-reported anxiety and depression in the weeks following the pandemic declaration by gender (male, female, or nonbinary) and health status (i.e., the absence of health conditions, the presence of either physical or mental health conditions, and the presence of both physical and mental health conditions) using a 3 \u00d7 4 analysis of variance. For both depression and anxiety, nonbinary participants reported the highest levels, followed by female participants. For health status, those with both mental and physical health conditions reported the highest anxiety and depression, followed by those with mental health conditions, physical health conditions, and no health conditions. These findings call for resources to be directed toward individuals who fall into groups reporting greater emotional distress, so that clinicians can intervene as early as possible to prevent mental health decline. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32467332, "title": "Moving academic research forward during COVID-19.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Wigginton, N S", "Cunningham, R M", "Katz, R H", "Lidstrom, M E", "Moler, K A", "Wirtz, D", "Zuber, M T"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467332", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32323725, "pmcid": "PMC7188177", "title": "In Reply: Precautions for Endoscopic Transnasal Skull Base Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Patel, Zara M", "Fernandez-Miranda, Juan", "Hwang, Peter H", "Nayak, Jayakar V", "Dodd, Robert L", "Sajjadi, Hamed", "Jackler, Robert K"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323725", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348433, "pmcid": "PMC7198069", "title": "COVID-19 in Piaui: initial scenario and perspectives for coping.", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Batista, Francisca Miriane de Araujo", "Mascarenhas, Marcio Denis Medeiros", "Marinelli, Natalia Pereira", "Albuquerque, Layana Pacheco de Araujo", "Rodrigues, Malvina Thais Pacheco", "Vieira, Marcelo Adriano da Cunha E Silva", "Sousa, Isaura Danielli Borges de"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348433", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443942, "title": "Personal Experiences With Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Diabetes: The Time for Telemedicine is Now.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Mader, Julia K"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443942", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329981, "title": "Terra incognita: clinically suspected myocarditis in a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Warchol, Izabela", "Debska-Kozlowska, Agnieszka", "Karcz-Socha, Iwona", "Ksiazczyk, Marcin", "Szymanska, Karolina", "Lubinski, Andrzej"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329981", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504106, "pmcid": "PMC7274071", "title": "[Increased risk of deep vein thrombosis in intensive care unit patients with CoViD-19 infections?-Preliminary data].", "journal": "Chirurg", "authors": ["Zerwes, Sebastian", "Hernandez Cancino, F", "Liebetrau, D", "Gosslau, Y", "Warm, T", "Markl, B", "Hyhlik-Durr, A"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504106", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in CoViD-19 patients in intensive care units (ICU) has so far been investigated in only a\u00a0few studies. Prospective comparative studies with non-CoViD-19 ICU patients are completely lacking. Evaluation of the incidence of DVT in ICU patients with CoViD-19 compared to non-CoViD-19 ICU patients who were treated in the University Hospital Augsburg during the same period. In addition, the aim was to investigate what type of anticoagulation was present in CoViD-19 patients at the time the DVT occurred and to what extent DVT is associated with increased mortality in this patient population. In this prospective single center study, which was conducted between 18 April 2020 and 30 April 2020, 20\u00a0SARS-CoV2 positive patients were compared with 20 non-CoVid-19 patients in the ICU with respect to the occurrence of DVT. For this purpose, demographic data, laboratory parameters, and clinical outcomes were recorded and evaluated. The rate of DVT in the investigated patient collective was markedly higher in patients with SARS-CoV2 (CoViD-19 patients 20% vs. non-CoViD-19 patients 5%). Both DVT and elevated D\u2011dimer levels were associated with increased mortality in the present study. We recommend the determination of D\u2011dimer levels and, in the case of elevated levels, the broad indication for compression sonography of the deep leg veins on admission of patients with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV2. In this way DVT in the setting of CoViD-19 can be recognized early and therapeutic anticoagulation can be started. All inpatient CoViD-19 patients should receive thrombosis prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin. Further studies on point of care methods (TEG\u00ae, ROTEM\u00ae) for the detection of hypercoagulability in SARS-CoV2 are necessary."}, {"pmid": 32497637, "pmcid": "PMC7263206", "title": "Analysis of Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in 892 patients in Queens, NY.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Ferm, Samson", "Fisher, Constantine", "Pakala, Tina", "Tong, Michelle", "Shah, Disha", "Schwarzbaum, David", "Cooley, Victoria", "Hussain, Syed", "Kim, Sang Hoon"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497637", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503076, "title": "Management of Care for Neonates Born to SARS-CoV-2 Positive Women with or without Clinical Symptoms (COVID-19).", "journal": "Klin Padiatr", "authors": ["Simon, Arne", "Hubner, Johannes", "Knuf, Markus", "Hufnagel, Markus", "Berner, Reinhard"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503076", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371096, "pmcid": "PMC7196402", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 was already spreading in France in late December 2019.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Deslandes, A", "Berti, V", "Tandjaoui-Lambotte, Y", "Alloui, Chakib", "Carbonnelle, E", "Zahar, J R", "Brichler, S", "Cohen, Yves"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371096", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 epidemic is believed to have started in late January 2020 in France. Here we report a case of a patient hospitalised in December 2019 in an intensive care unit in a hospital in the north of Paris for haemoptysis with no aetiological diagnosis. RT-PCR was performed retrospectively on the stored respiratory sample and confirmed the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Based on this result, it appears that the COVID-19 epidemic started much earlier in France."}, {"pmid": 32412310, "title": "The management of patients with metastatic prostate cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Future Oncol", "authors": ["Assi, Tarek", "Ibrahim, Nathalie", "K Abboud, Rita-Maria", "Kattan, Clarisse", "Rassy, Elie", "Nemr, Elie", "Kattan, Joseph"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412310", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the benefit of treating patients with cancer must be weighed against the COVID-19 infection risks to patients, staff and society. Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers among men and raises particular interest during the pandemic as recent reports show that the TMPRSS2 (and other serine proteases), which facilitate the entry, replication and budding of the virion from a cell, can be inhibited using androgen deprivation therapy. Nevertheless, patients with metastatic prostate cancer commonly receive chemotherapy which may compromise their immune system. This paper aims to address the current status of the COVID-19 in patients with cancer overall and suggests an optimal approach to patients with metastatic prostate cancer."}, {"pmid": 32309108, "pmcid": "PMC7156796", "title": "Mathematical prediction of the time evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy by a Gauss error function and Monte Carlo simulations.", "journal": "Eur Phys J Plus", "authors": ["Ciufolini, Ignazio", "Paolozzi, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32309108", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this paper are presented mathematical predictions on the evolution in time of the number of positive cases in Italy of the COVID-19 pandemic based on official data and on the use of a function of the type of a Gauss error function, with four parameters, as a cumulative distribution function. We have analyzed the available data for China and Italy. The evolution in time of the number of cumulative diagnosed positive cases of COVID-19 in China very well approximates a distribution of the type of the error function, that is, the integral of a normal, Gaussian distribution. We have then used such a function to study the potential evolution in time of the number of positive cases in Italy by performing a number of fits of the official data so far available. We then found a statistical prediction for the day in which the peak of the number of daily positive cases in Italy occurs, corresponding to the flex of the fit, that is, to the change in sign of its second derivative (i.e., the change from acceleration to deceleration), as well as of the day in which a substantial attenuation of such number of daily cases is reached. We have also analyzed the predictions of the cumulative number of fatalities in both China and Italy, obtaining consistent results. We have then performed 150 Monte Carlo simulations to have a more robust prediction of the day of the above-mentioned peak and of the day of the substantial decrease in the number of daily positive cases and fatalities. Although official data have been used, those predictions are obtained with a heuristic approach since they are based on a statistical approach and do not take into account either a number of relevant issues (such as number of daily nasopharyngeal swabs, medical, social distancing, virological and epidemiological) or models of contamination diffusion."}, {"pmid": 32456715, "title": "Opening Up While Locking Down: How an Irish Independent Sector Mental Health Service is Responding to the COVID-19 Crisis.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Fearon, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456715", "countries": ["Ireland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic poses a particular of set of challenges for health services. Some of these are common across all services (strategies to minimise infections; timely testing for patients and staff; sourcing appropriate PPE, etc.) and some are specific to mental health services (how to access general medical services quickly; how to safely deliver a service that traditionally depends on intensive face to face contact; how to isolate someone who does not wish to do so; how to source sufficient PPE in the face of competing demands for such equipment). This paper describes how St Patrick's Mental Health Services (SPMHS) chose to address this unfolding and ever-changing crisis, how it developed its strategy early based on a clear set of objectives and how it adapted (and continues to adapt) to the constantly evolving COVID-19 landscape."}, {"pmid": 32400362, "pmcid": "PMC7219028", "title": "Multicentre Italian study of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents, preliminary data as at 10 April 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Garazzino, Silvia", "Montagnani, Carlotta", "Dona, Daniele", "Meini, Antonella", "Felici, Enrico", "Vergine, Gianluca", "Bernardi, Stefania", "Giacchero, Roberta", "Lo Vecchio, Andrea", "Marchisio, Paola", "Nicolini, Giangiacomo", "Pierantoni, Luca", "Rabbone, Ivana", "Banderali, Giuseppe", "Denina, Marco", "Venturini, Elisabetta", "Krzysztofiak, Andrzej", "Badolato, Raffaele", "Bianchini, Sonia", "Galli, Luisa", "Villani, Alberto", "Castelli-Gattinara, Guido", "The Italian Sitip-Sip Pediatric Infection Study Group"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400362", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Data on features of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in children and adolescents are scarce. We report preliminary results of an Italian multicentre study comprising 168 laboratory-confirmed paediatric cases (median: 2.3 years, range: 1 day-17.7 years, 55.9% males), of which 67.9% were hospitalised and 19.6% had comorbidities. Fever was the most common symptom, gastrointestinal manifestations were frequent; two children required intensive care, five had seizures, 49 received experimental treatments and all recovered."}, {"pmid": 32342876, "pmcid": "PMC7194723", "title": "Radiotherapy imaging: An unexpected ally in fighting COVID 19 pandemic.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Boldrini, Luca", "Dinapoli, Nicola", "Valentini, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342876", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32331980, "pmcid": "PMC7167550", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Kenya: Preparedness, response and transmissibility.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Aluga, Martin A"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331980", "countries": ["Kenya"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world and Kenya face a potential pandemic as the respiratory virus Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects world populations. Nations have been forced to intervene and issue directions under executive orders to ensure the pandemic is contained. Kenya has reported 110 confirmed COVID-19 cases (as at 2nd April, 2020), three persons have succumbed and 2 people have fully recovered. Most of the affected people had entered/returned to Kenya from different parts of the world. Most of the people who have contracted COVID 19 are between the 16-74 years of age. As a result, since February 2020, Kenya put in place several precautionary measures to mitigate the pandemic in its early stages. However, the economic status of the population of country won't be simple to control COVID 19, if government won't integrate the realistic feasible timely plans. This article highlights the preparedness, response, transmissibility of Covid-19 and proposes intuitions to manage COVID-19 in Kenya. Currently it is clear that since first confirmation to current, the transmission of the COVID-19 is exponentially increasing in Kenya."}, {"pmid": 32420948, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection in children in Parma.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Dodi, Icilio", "Castellone, Eleonora", "Pappalardo, Marco", "Rubini, Monica", "Veronese, Piero", "Ruberto, Claudio", "Bianchi, Laura", "Iovane, Brunella", "Maffini, Valentina"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420948", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "not available."}, {"pmid": 32507119, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with pre-existing anxiety disorders attending secondary care.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Plunkett, R", "Costello, S", "McGovern, M", "McDonald, C", "Hallahan, B"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507119", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To examine the psychological and social impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on patients with established anxiety disorders during a period of stringent mandated social restrictions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 individuals attending the Galway-Roscommon Mental Health Services with an ICD-10 diagnosis of an anxiety disorder to determine the impact of the Covid-19 restrictions on anxiety and mood symptoms, social and occupational functioning and quality of life. Twelve (40.0%) participants described COVID-19 restrictions as having a deleterious impact on their anxiety symptoms. Likert scale measurements noted that the greatest impact of COVID-19 related to social functioning (Mean = 4.5, SD = 2.9), with a modest deleterious effect on anxiety symptoms noted (Mean = 3.8, SD = 2.9). Clinician rated data noted that 8 (26.7%) participants had disimproved and 14 (46.7%) participants had improved since their previous clinical review, prior to commencement of COVID-19 restrictions. Conditions associated with no 'trigger', such as generalised anxiety disorder, demonstrated a non-significant increase in anxiety symptoms compared to conditions with a 'trigger', such as obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychiatric or physical comorbidity did not substantially impact on symptomatology secondary to Covid-19 mandated restrictions. The psychological and social impact of COVID-19 restrictions on individuals with pre-existing anxiety disorders has been modest with only minimal increases in symptomology or social impairment noted."}, {"pmid": 32505331, "title": "COVID-19 and cardiovascular injury: A role for oxidative stress and antioxidant treatment?", "journal": "Int J Cardiol", "authors": ["Loffredo, Lorenzo", "Violi, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505331", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345442, "pmcid": "PMC7141444", "title": "The COVID-19 health crisis: The surgeon role.", "journal": "Cir Esp", "authors": ["Garcia-Novoa, Alejandra", "Casal-Beloy, Isabel"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345442", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527928, "title": "Type I and III interferons disrupt lung epithelial repair during recovery from viral infection.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Major, Jack", "Crotta, Stefania", "Llorian, Miriam", "McCabe, Teresa M", "Gad, Hans Henrik", "Priestnall, Simon L", "Hartmann, Rune", "Wack, Andreas"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527928", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Excessive cytokine signaling frequently exacerbates lung tissue damage during respiratory viral infection. Type I (IFN-\u03b1/\u03b2) and III (IFN-\u03bb) interferons are host-produced antiviral cytokines. Prolonged IFN-\u03b1/\u03b2 responses can lead to harmful proinflammatory effects, whereas IFN-\u03bb mainly signals in epithelia, inducing localized antiviral immunity. Here we show that IFN signaling interferes with lung repair during influenza recovery, with IFN-\u03bb driving these effects most potently. IFN-induced p53 directly reduces epithelial proliferation and differentiation, increasing disease severity, and susceptibility to bacterial superinfections. Thus, excessive or prolonged IFN-production aggravates viral infection by impairing lung epithelial regeneration. Therefore, timing and duration are critical parameters of endogenous IFN action and should be considered carefully for IFN therapeutic strategies against viral infections like influenza and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)."}, {"pmid": 32271745, "pmcid": "PMC7256907", "title": "Surgical management of head and neck tumours during the SARS-CoV (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital", "authors": ["Ansarin, Mohssen"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271745", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360479, "pmcid": "PMC7191272", "title": "2019 Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in hemodialysis patients: A report of two cases.", "journal": "Clin Biochem", "authors": ["Ke, Chunjin", "Wang, Yufeng", "Zeng, Xing", "Yang, Chunguang", "Hu, Zhiquan"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360479", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze the diagnosis and treatment of patients with chronic renal failure complicated with novel coronavirus pneumonia, and to evaluate the effect of blood purification technology on the treatment and prognosis of such patients. Two COVID-19 cases undergoing hemodialysis with chronic renal failure were retrospectively analysed in our hospital. Two COVID-19 patients were admitted to hospital due to cough, with or without fever. Laboratory tests showed decreased lymphocyte count, elevated PCT, IL-10, IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, IL-2R, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, NT-proBNP, creatinine, and urea nitrogen. Chest CT scan showed multiple blurred plaques and patchy shadows in both patients. Two patients received continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) every other day for 4-6\u00a0h everytime, in addition to the standard treatment. After CVVHDF, not only cytokines were reduced, but also liver function and cardiac function significantly improved. Both patients did not develop severe pneumonia. They were discharged on March 1, 2020 when meeting the discharge criteria. Two COVID-19 patients on maintenance hemodialysis discharged after a month of hospitalization. The removal of cytokines through blood purification technology may be beneficial for the recovery of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32456883, "pmcid": "PMC7181986", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact and rapid reaction of Urology.", "journal": "Actas Urol Esp", "authors": ["Hevia, V", "Lorca, J", "Hevia, M", "Dominguez, A", "Lopez-Plaza, J", "Artiles, A", "Alvarez, S", "Sanchez, A", "Fraile, A", "Lopez-Fando, L", "Sanz, E", "Ruiz, M", "Alcaraz, E", "Burgos, F J"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456883", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused tens of thousands of deaths in Spain and has managed to breakdown the healthcare system hospitals in the Community of Madrid, largely due to its tendency to cause severe pneumonia, requiring ventilatory support. This fact has caused our center to collapse, with 130% of its beds occupied by COVID-19 patients, thus causing the absolute cessation of activity of the urology service, the practical disappearance of resident training programs, and the incorporation of a good part of the urology staff into the group of medical personnel attending these patients. In order to recover from this extraordinary level of suspended activity, we will be obliged to prioritize pathologies based on purely clinical criteria, for which tables including the relevance of each pathology within each area of urology are being proposed. Technology tools such as online training courses or surgical simulators may be convenient for the necessary reestablishment of resident education."}, {"pmid": 32502551, "pmcid": "PMC7265838", "title": "Clinical features of familial clustering in patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Virus Res", "authors": ["Li, Jinzhong", "Gong, Xiaobing", "Wang, Zhigang", "Chen, Renzhou", "Li, Taoyuan", "Zeng, Dongyu", "Li, Minran"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502551", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An epidemic caused by SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has appeared in Wuhan City in December 2019. The disease has shown a \"clustering epidemic\" pattern, and family-clustered onset has been the main characteristic. We collected data about 130 cases from 35 cluster-onset families (COFs) and 41 cases from 16 solitary-onset families (SOFs). The incidence of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in COFs was significantly higher than that of SOFs. Our study also showed that patients with exposure to high-risk factors (respiratory droplets and close contact), advanced age, and comorbidities were more likely to develop COVID-19 in the COFs. In addition, advanced age and elevated neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were risk factors for death in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the COFs."}, {"pmid": 32492533, "pmcid": "PMC7261456", "title": "Clinical Features and Short-term Outcomes of Elderly Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Li, Ping", "Chen, Lulu", "Liu, Zheming", "Pan, Jinghui", "Zhou, Dingyi", "Wang, Hui", "Gong, Hongyun", "Fu, Zhenmin", "Song, Qibin", "Min, Qian", "Ruan, Shasha", "Xu, Tangpeng", "Cheng, Fan", "Li, Xiangpan"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492533", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global public health emergency. 204 elderly patients (\u226560 years old) diagnosed with COVID-19 in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 31st to February 20th, 2020 were included in this study. Clinical endpoint was in-hospital death. Of the 204 patients, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were the most common coexisting conditions. 76 patients died in the hospital. Multivariate analysis showed that dyspnea (hazards ratio (HR) 2.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.414 to 3.517;p\u2009<\u20090.001), older age (HR 1.1, 95% CI 1.070 to 1.123; p\u2009<\u20090.001), neutrophilia (HR 4.4, 95% CI 1.310 to 15.061; p\u2009=\u20090.017) and elevated ultrasensitive cardiac troponin I (HR 3.9, 95% CI 1.471 to 10.433; p\u2009=\u20090.006) were independently associated with death. Although so far the overall mortality of COVID-19 is relatively low, the mortality of elderly patients is much higher. Early diagnosis and supportive care are of great importance for the elderly patients of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32493478, "pmcid": "PMC7268961", "title": "Efficacy of hydroxychloroquine for post-exposure prophylaxis to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among adults exposed to coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Barnabas, Ruanne V", "Brown, Elizabeth", "Bershteyn, Anna", "Miller, R Scott", "Wener, Mark", "Celum, Connie", "Wald, Anna", "Chu, Helen", "Wesche, David", "Baeten, Jared M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493478", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Primary Objective \u2022 To test the efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) (400 mg orally daily for 3 days then 200 mg orally daily for an additional 11 days, to complete 14 days) to prevent incident SARS-CoV-2 infection, compared to ascorbic acid among contacts of persons with SARS-CoV-2 infection Secondary objectives \u2022 To determine the safety and tolerability of HCQ as SARS-CoV-2 Post-exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) in adults \u2022 To test the efficacy of HCQ (400 mg orally daily for 3 days then 200 mg orally daily for an additional 11 days, to complete 14 days) to prevent incident SARS-CoV-2 infection 2 weeks after completing therapy, compared to ascorbic acid among contacts of persons with SARS-CoV-2 infection \u2022 To test the efficacy of HCQ to shorten the duration of SARS-CoV-2 shedding among those with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the HCQ PEP group \u2022 To test the efficacy of HCQ to prevent incident COVID-19 TRIAL DESIGN: This is a randomized, multi-center, placebo-equivalent (ascorbic acid) controlled, blinded study of HCQ PEP for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults exposed to the virus. This study will enroll up to 2000 asymptomatic adults 18 to 80 years of age (inclusive) at baseline who are close contacts of persons with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 or clinically suspected COVID-19 and a pending SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. This multisite trial will be conducted at seven sites in Seattle (UW), Los Angeles (UCLA), New Orleans (Tulane), Baltimore (UMB), New York City (NYU), Syracuse (SUNY-Upstate), and Boston (BMC). Inclusion criteria Participants are eligible to be included in the study only if all of the following criteria apply: 1.Men or women 18 to 80 years of age inclusive, at the time of signing the informed consent2.Willing and able to provide informed consent3.Had a close contact of a person (index) with known PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection or index who is currently being assessed for COVID-19 Close contact is defined as: a.Household contact (i.e., residing with the index case in the 14 days prior to index diagnosis or prolonged exposure within a residence/vehicle/enclosed space without maintaining social distance)b.Medical staff, first responders, or other care persons who cared for the index case without personal protection (mask and gloves)4.Less than 4 days since last exposure (close contact with a person with SARS-CoV-2 infection) to the index case5.Access to device and internet for Telehealth visits6.Not planning to take HCQ in addition to the study medication Exclusion criteria Participants are excluded from the study if any of the following criteria apply: 1.Known hypersensitivity to HCQ or other 4-aminoquinoline compounds2.Currently hospitalized3.Symptomatic with subjective fever, cough, or shortness of breath4.Current medications exclude concomitant use of HCQ5.Concomitant use of other anti-malarial treatment or chemoprophylaxis, including chloroquine, mefloquine, artemether, or lumefantrine.6.History of retinopathy of any etiology7.Psoriasis8.Porphyria9.Known bone marrow disorders with significant neutropenia (polymorphonuclear leukocytes <1500) or thrombocytopenia (<100 K)10.Concomitant use of digoxin, cyclosporin, cimetidine, amiodarone, or tamoxifen11.Known moderate or severe liver disease12.Known long QT syndrome13.Severe renal impairment14.Use of any investigational or non-registered drug or vaccine within 30 days preceding the first dose of the study drugs or planned use during the study period INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR: Households will be randomized 1:1 (at the level of household), with close contact participants receiving one of the following therapies: \u2022HCQ 400 mg orally daily for 3 days then 200 mg orally daily for an additional 11 days \u2022Placebo-like control (ascorbic acid) 500 mg orally daily for 3 days then 250 mg orally daily for 11 days MAIN OUTCOMES: The primary outcome of the study is the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection through day 14 among participants who are SARS-CoV-2 negative at baseline by randomization group. Participants will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to HCQ or ascorbic acid at the level of the household (all eligible participants in 1 household will receive the same intervention). The randomization code and resulting allocation list will be generated and maintained by the Study Statistician. The list will be blocked and stratified by site and contact type (household versus healthcare worker). This is a blinded study. HCQ and ascorbic acid will appear similar, and taste will be partially masked as HCQ can be bitter and ascorbic acid will be sour. The participants will be blinded to their randomization group once assigned. Study team members, apart from the Study Pharmacist and the unblinded statistical staff, will be blinded. Laboratory staff are blinded to the group allocation. The sample size for the study is N=2 000 participants randomized 1:1 to either HCZ (n=1 000) and ascorbic acid (n=1 000). Protocol version: 1.2 05 April 2020 Recruitment is ongoing, started March 31 and anticipated end date is September 30, 2020. ClinicalTrials.gov, Protocol Registry Number: NCT04328961 Date of registration: April 1, 2020, retrospectively registered FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32379307, "title": "Statin therapy and SAR-COV-2: an available and potential therapy?", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother", "authors": ["Abdel-Latif, Rania G", "Mohammed, Shaban", "Elgendy, Islam Y"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379307", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32199076, "pmcid": "PMC7270813", "title": "Future of Chernobyl research: the urgency for consolidated action.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Ostroumova, Evgenia", "Schuz, Joachim", "Kesminiene, Ausrele"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199076", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491104, "pmcid": "PMC7269524", "title": "Clinical characteristics and therapeutic procedure for a critical case of novel coronavirus pneumonia treated with glucocorticoids and non-invasive ventilator treatment.", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Zhu, Juanjuan", "Zhou, Wei", "Zhou, Mingyu", "Liu, Yang", "Yang, Jing", "Li, Haiyang", "Zhao, Xueke"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491104", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) outbreak occurred in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019. Here, we report the clinical characteristics and therapeutic procedure for a case of severe NCP. The patient was started on glucocorticoids and non-invasive ventilator treatment. After treatment, the patient's symptoms improved, and the status was confirmed as NCP negative. Our results may provide clues for the treatment of NCP."}, {"pmid": 32519617, "title": "Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Kidney and Liver Transplant Patients: A Single-Center Experience.", "journal": "Exp Clin Transplant", "authors": ["Akdur, Aydincan", "Karakaya, Emre", "Ayvazoglu Soy, Ebru H", "Alshalabi, Omar", "Kirnap, Mahir", "Arslan, Hande", "Ulubay, Gaye", "Hekimoglu, Koray", "Moray, Gokhan", "Haberal, Mehmet"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519617", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) was first described in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and subsequently announced as a pandemic on March 12, 2020. In several studies, solid-organ transplant recipients were reported to have higher risk for COVID-19. Here, we aimed to determine the frequency of COVID-19 in our kidney and liver transplant patients. Our study included 583 transplant patients who were admitted to our outpatient transplant clinics and emergency departments between March 1 and May 1, 2020. Seventy-four of them were liver transplant recipients (46 male, 28 female, of which 14 were pediatric and 60 were adult patients) and 509 of them were kidney transplant recipients (347 male, 162 female, of which 16 were pediatric and 493 were adult patients). We retrospectively evaluated demographic characteristics, currently used immunosuppressant treatment, present complaints, treatment and diagnosis of comorbid diseases, and results of COVID-19 tests. Of 583 transplant recipients, 538 were seen in our outpatient transplant clinics and 45 were seen in our emergency departments. Of these, 18 patients who had had cough and fever were evaluated by respiratory clinic doctors, and nasopharyngeal swab samples were taken. One kidney transplant recipient had a positive COVID-19 test; he was followed with home isolation. He received treatment with hydroxychloroquine (400 mg/day). The other 17 patients had negative tests. There were no mortalities due to COVID-19. Transplant patients also got affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the data of our centers, this effect is not much more different from the normal population. We recommend that transplant recipients should be warned in terms of personal hygiene and should be closely monitored by organ transplant centers. If there is an indication for hospitalization, they should be followed in an isolated unit, with no aggressive changes made to immunosuppressive doses unless necessary."}, {"pmid": 32236983, "title": "Why the immune system fails to mount an adaptive immune response to a COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Transpl Int", "authors": ["Ahmadpoor, Pedram", "Rostaing, Lionel"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236983", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361747, "pmcid": "PMC7197597", "title": "COVID-19, superinfections and antimicrobial development: What can we expect?", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Clancy, Cornelius J", "Nguyen, M Hong"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361747", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) arose at a time of great concern about antimicrobial resistance (AMR). No studies have specifically assessed COVID-19-associated superinfections or AMR. Based on limited data from case series, it is reasonable to anticipate that an appreciable minority of patients with severe COVID-19 will develop superinfections, most commonly pneumonia due to nosocomial bacteria and Aspergillus. Microbiology and AMR patterns are likely to reflect institutional ecology. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial use is likely to be widespread among hospitalized patients, both as directed and empiric therapy. Stewardship will have a crucial role in limiting unnecessary antimicrobial use and AMR. Congressional COVID-19 relief bills are considering antimicrobial reimbursement reforms and antimicrobial subscription models, but it is unclear if these will be included in final legislation. Prospective studies on COVID-19 superinfections are needed, data from which can inform rational antimicrobial treatment and stewardship strategies, and models for market reform and sustainable drug development."}, {"pmid": 32445440, "pmcid": "PMC7262788", "title": "Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19 - Preliminary Report.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Beigel, John H", "Tomashek, Kay M", "Dodd, Lori E", "Mehta, Aneesh K", "Zingman, Barry S", "Kalil, Andre C", "Hohmann, Elizabeth", "Chu, Helen Y", "Luetkemeyer, Annie", "Kline, Susan", "Lopez de Castilla, Diego", "Finberg, Robert W", "Dierberg, Kerry", "Tapson, Victor", "Hsieh, Lanny", "Patterson, Thomas F", "Paredes, Roger", "Sweeney, Daniel A", "Short, William R", "Touloumi, Giota", "Lye, David Chien", "Ohmagari, Norio", "Oh, Myoung-Don", "Ruiz-Palacios, Guillermo M", "Benfield, Thomas", "Fatkenheuer, Gerd", "Kortepeter, Mark G", "Atmar, Robert L", "Creech, C Buddy", "Lundgren, Jens", "Babiker, Abdel G", "Pett, Sarah", "Neaton, James D", "Burgess, Timothy H", "Bonnett, Tyler", "Green, Michelle", "Makowski, Mat", "Osinusi, Anu", "Nayak, Seema", "Lane, H Clifford"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445440", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although several therapeutic agents have been evaluated for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), none have yet been shown to be efficacious. We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of intravenous remdesivir in adults hospitalized with Covid-19 with evidence of lower respiratory tract involvement. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either remdesivir (200 mg loading dose on day 1, followed by 100 mg daily for up to 9 additional days) or placebo for up to 10 days. The primary outcome was the time to recovery, defined by either discharge from the hospital or hospitalization for infection-control purposes only. A total of 1063 patients underwent randomization. The data and safety monitoring board recommended early unblinding of the results on the basis of findings from an analysis that showed shortened time to recovery in the remdesivir group. Preliminary results from the 1059 patients (538 assigned to remdesivir and 521 to placebo) with data available after randomization indicated that those who received remdesivir had a median recovery time of 11 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 9 to 12), as compared with 15 days (95% CI, 13 to 19) in those who received placebo (rate ratio for recovery, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.55; P<0.001). The Kaplan-Meier estimates of mortality by 14 days were 7.1% with remdesivir and 11.9% with placebo (hazard ratio for death, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.47 to 1.04). Serious adverse events were reported for 114 of the 541 patients in the remdesivir group who underwent randomization (21.1%) and 141 of the 522 patients in the placebo group who underwent randomization (27.0%). Remdesivir was superior to placebo in shortening the time to recovery in adults hospitalized with Covid-19 and evidence of lower respiratory tract infection. (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and others; ACCT-1 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04280705.)."}, {"pmid": 32401188, "title": "Centralized air-conditioning and transmission of novel coronavirus.", "journal": "Pathog Glob Health", "authors": ["Siddiqui, Ruqaiyyah", "Ahmed Khan, Naveed"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401188", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511943, "title": "Retraction-Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Mehra, Mandeep R", "Ruschitzka, Frank", "Patel, Amit N"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511943", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426444, "pmcid": "PMC7233228", "title": "Pediatric COVID-19: An Update on the Expanding Pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med", "authors": ["Al-Hajjar, Sami", "McIntosh, Kenneth"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426444", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367847, "title": "Nasopharyngeal wash in preventing and treating upper respiratory tract infections: Could it prevent COVID-19?", "journal": "Lung India", "authors": ["Singh, Sheetu", "Sharma, Neeraj", "Singh, Udaiveer", "Singh, Tejraj", "Mangal, Daya Krishan", "Singh, Virendra"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367847", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rapid transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has led to the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The current emphasis is on preventive strategies such as social distancing, face mask, and hand washing. The technique of nasopharyngeal wash to prevent the virus from inhabiting and replicating in the nasal and pharyngeal mucosa has been suggested to be useful in reducing symptoms, transmission, and viral shedding in cases of viral acute respiratory tract infections. In rapid systematic review, we found studies showing some improvement in prevention and treatment of upper respiratory tract infections. We postulate that hypertonic saline gargles and nasal wash may be useful in prevention and for care of patients with COVID-19. The present evidence emphasizes the need of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the role and mechanism of nasopharyngeal wash in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32389714, "pmcid": "PMC7205728", "title": "The Importance of Fit-Testing in Decontamination of N95 Respirators: A Cautionary Note.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Ozog, David", "Parks-Miller, Angela", "Kohli, Indermeet", "Lyons, Alexis B", "Narla, Shanthi", "Torres, Angeli E", "Levesque, Martin", "Lim, Henry W", "Hamzavi, Iltefat H"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389714", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423585, "pmcid": "PMC7200125", "title": "Is the HScore useful in COVID-19?", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Leverenz, David L", "Tarrant, Teresa K"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423585", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405454, "pmcid": "PMC7219375", "title": "Acute kidney injury in pregnant women following SARS-CoV-2 infection: A case report from Iran.", "journal": "Respir Med Case Rep", "authors": ["Taghizadieh, Ali", "Mikaeili, Haleh", "Ahmadi, Majid", "Valizadeh, Hamed"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405454", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We reported a 33-year-old female case with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) accompanied by Acute tubular necrosis (ATN). She had a gestational age of 34 weeks. The patient referred to treatment clinic for COVID-19 in Imam Reza hospital of Tabriz (Iran) after having flu-like symptoms. In radiologic assessment, ground glass opacity (GGO) with consolidation was found in upper right lobe. Lopinavir/ritonavir (200mg/50mg) two tablet tow times, Ribavirin 200mg every six hours, and Oseltamivir 75mg tow times were given for the treatment of COVID-19. The medications used for treatment of pneumonia were Meropenem, Ciprofloxacin, Vancomycin. All doses of medications were administrated by adjusted dose assuming the patient is anephric. Also, a few supplements were also given after ATN development including daily Rocaltrol and Nephrovit (as a multivitamin appropriate for patients with renal failure), Folic acid and Calcium carbonate. The patient is still under ventilator with a Fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) of 60% and Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of eight. SpO2 is 94% but the patient's ATN problem has been resolved. We started weaning from mechanical ventilator. The patient is conscious with full awareness to time, person and place. The maternal well-being is achieved and her neonate was discharged."}, {"pmid": 32330285, "title": "Interventional radiology workflow during the COVID-19 pandemic: recommendations of the Swiss Society of Vascular and Interventional Radiology.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Qanadli, Salah Dine", "Zech, Christoph J", "Monnard, Etienne", "Binkert, Christoph", "Denys, Alban", "Pfammater, Thomas"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330285", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given the importance of continuum in providing services and exigence of protecting health care professionals during this period, the Swiss Society of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (SSVIR) is releasing guidance for interventional radiologists as preparedness to manage COVID-19 patients, the workflow of non-COVID-19 patients and optimize interactions with other healthcare professionals."}, {"pmid": 32300225, "title": "On the front lines of the coronavirus-vaccine battle.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Gewin, Virginia"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300225", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356225, "pmcid": "PMC7191133", "title": "Intravesical therapy for bladder cancer in the pandemic of Covid-19.", "journal": "World J Urol", "authors": ["Teoh, Jeremy Y C", "Roupret, Morgan", "Shariat, Shahrokh F", "Herrmann, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356225", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32099125, "title": "'No one is allowed to go out': your stories from the coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Stoye, Emma"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32099125", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407142, "title": "Producing Independent, Systematic Review Evidence: Cochrane's Response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Public Health", "authors": ["Bero, Lisa A"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407142", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532625, "title": "E-Rehabilitation: One solution for patients with Parkinson's disease in COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Parkinsonism Relat Disord", "authors": ["Srivastav, Adarsh Kumar", "Samuel, Asir John"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532625", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487426, "pmcid": "PMC7261091", "title": "Challenges and Ethical Considerations for Trainees and Attending Physicians During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Hai, Shaikh", "Baroutjian, Amanda", "Elkbuli, Adel"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487426", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392353, "pmcid": "PMC7272936", "title": "More on: 'COVID-19 coagulopathy in Caucasian patients'.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Marietta, Marco", "Coluccio, Valeria", "Luppi, Mario"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392353", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32187257, "title": "On the possibility of interrupting the coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic based on the best available scientific evidence.", "journal": "Rev Bras Epidemiol", "authors": ["Silva, Antonio Augusto Moura da"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32187257", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32274773, "title": "[SARS CoV-2/COVID-19: Evidence-Based Recommendation on Diagnosis and Therapy].", "journal": "Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther", "authors": ["Bein, Berthold", "Bachmann, Martin", "Huggett, Susanne", "Wegermann, Petra"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274773", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, a new viral disease affecting primarily the respiratory system and the lung, has caused a pandemic with serious challenges to health systems around the world. In about 20% of patients, severe symptoms occur after a mean incubation period of 5\u200a-\u200a6 days; 5% of patients need intensive care therapy. Morbidity is about 1\u200a-\u200a2%. Protecting health care workers is of paramount importance in order to prevent hospital acquired infections. Therefore, during all procedures associated with aerosol production, a personal safety equipment consisting of a FFP2/FFP3 (N95) respiratory mask, gloves, safety glasses and a waterproof overall should be used. Therapy is based on established recommendations issued for patients with acute lung injury (ARDS). Lung protective ventilation, prone position, restrictive fluid management and an adequate management of organ failures are the mainstays of therapy. In case of fulminant lung failure, veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may be used as a rescue in experienced centres. New, experimental therapies evolve with ever increasing frequency; currently, however, there is no evidence based recommendation possible. If off-label and compassionate use of these drugs is considered, an individual benefit-risk assessment is necessary, since serious side effects have been reported."}, {"pmid": 32383432, "pmcid": "PMC7263522", "title": "Structural Vulnerability in the United States Revealed in Three Waves of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Solis, Jamie", "Franco-Paredes, Carlos", "Henao-Martinez, Andres F", "Krsak, Martin", "Zimmer, Shanta M"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383432", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has unveiled underlying health inequities throughout the United States. The pandemic has spread across U.S. states, affecting different vulnerable populations, including both inner-city and rural populations, and those living in congregate settings such as nursing homes and assisted-living facilities. In addition, since early April, there has been an increasing number of outbreaks of COVID-19 in jails and prisons. We describe three overlapping epidemiologic waves of spread of COVID-19 linked to three different kinds of structural vulnerabilities."}, {"pmid": 32528625, "pmcid": "PMC7266470", "title": "COVID-19 effects on national health system response to a local epidemic: the case of cerebrospinal meningitis outbreak in Ghana.", "journal": "Pan Afr Med J", "authors": ["Mensah, Derrick", "Asampong, Robert", "Amuna, Paul", "Ayanore, Martin Amogre"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528625", "countries": ["Ghana"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401218, "pmcid": "PMC7236607", "title": "Emergency Response to COVID-19 in Canada: Platform Development and Implementation for eHealth in Crisis Management.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Krausz, Michael", "Westenberg, Jean Nicolas", "Vigo, Daniel", "Spence, Richard Trafford", "Ramsey, Damon"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401218", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Public health emergencies like epidemics put enormous pressure on health care systems while revealing deep structural and functional problems in the organization of care. The current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic illustrates this at a global level. The sudden increased demand on delivery systems puts unique pressures on pre-established care pathways. These extraordinary times require efficient tools for smart governance and resource allocation. The aim of this study is to develop an innovative web-based solution addressing the seemingly insurmountable challenges of triaging, monitoring, and delivering nonhospital services unleashed by the COVID-19 pandemic. An adaptable crisis management digital platform was envisioned and designed with the goal of improving the system's response on the basis of the literature; an existing shared health record platform; and discussions between health care providers, decision makers, academia, and the private sector in response to the COVID 19 epidemic. The Crisis Management Platform was developed and offered to health authorities in Ontario on a nonprofit basis. It has the capability to dramatically streamline patient intake, triage, monitoring, referral, and delivery of nonhospital services. It decentralizes the provision of services (by moving them online) and centralizes data gathering and analysis, maximizing the use of existing human resources, facilitating evidence-based decision making, and minimizing the risk to both users and providers. It has unlimited scale-up possibilities (only constrained by human health risk resource availability) with minimal marginal cost. Similar web-based solutions have the potential to fill an urgent gap in resource allocation, becoming a unique asset for health systems governance and management during critical times. They highlight the potential effectiveness of web-based solutions if built on an outcome-driven architecture. Data and web-based approaches in response to a public health crisis are key to evidence-driven oversight and management of public health emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32340026, "title": "Web Exclusive. Annals Graphic Medicine - COVID Cataclysms: Coronavirus Through a Medical Student's Microscope.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Schifeling, William H"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340026", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "[Figure: see text]."}, {"pmid": 32254048, "pmcid": "PMC7137381", "title": "Visualizing an unseen enemy; mobilizing structural biology to counter COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun", "authors": ["Baker, Edward N"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32254048", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378969, "pmcid": "PMC7256345", "title": "Spectroscopy as a tool for detection and monitoring of Coronavirus (COVID-19).", "journal": "Expert Rev Mol Diagn", "authors": ["Khan, Rabia Sanam", "Rehman, Ihtesham Ur"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378969", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487802, "title": "Are We Harming Cancer Patients by Delaying Their Cancer Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic?", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Turaga, Kiran K", "Girotra, Saket"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487802", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313407, "pmcid": "PMC7167534", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic in India: What Lies Ahead.", "journal": "Indian J Clin Biochem", "authors": ["Mitra, Prasenjit", "Misra, Sanjeev", "Sharma, Praveen"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313407", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363336, "pmcid": "PMC7194868", "title": "Two cases of coronavirus 2019-related cardiomyopathy in pregnancy.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM", "authors": ["Juusela, Alexander", "Nazir, Munir", "Gimovsky, Martin"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363336", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At our institution, 2 of the initial 7 pregnant patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 severe infection (28.6%; 95% CI, 8.2%-64.1%) developed cardiac dysfunction with moderately reduced left ventricular ejection fractions of 40%-45% and hypokinesis. Viral myocarditis and cardiomyopathy have also been reported in nonpregnant coronavirus disease 2019 patients. A case series of nonpregnant patients with coronavirus disease 2019 found that 33% of those in intensive care developed cardiomyopathy. More data are needed to ascertain the incidence of cardiomyopathy from coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy, in all pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019, and those with severe disease (eg, pneumonia). We suggest an echocardiogram in pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia, in particular those necessitating oxygen, or those who are critically ill, and we recommend the use of handheld, point-of-care devices where possible to minimize contamination of staff and traditional large echocardiogram machines."}, {"pmid": 32105090, "title": "Immune responses in COVID-19 and potential vaccines: Lessons learned from SARS and MERS epidemic.", "journal": "Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol", "authors": ["Prompetchara, Eakachai", "Ketloy, Chutitorn", "Palaga, Tanapat"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32105090", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the world is witnessing the epidemic of COVID-19, a disease caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, emerging genetics and clinical evidences suggest a similar path to those of SARS and MERS. The rapid genomic sequencing and open access data, together with advanced vaccine technology, are expected to give us more knowledge on the pathogen itself, including the host immune response as well as the plan for therapeutic vaccines in the near future. This review aims to provide a comparative view among SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and the newly epidemic SARS-CoV-2, in the hope to gain a better understanding of the host-pathogen interaction, host immune responses, and the pathogen immune evasion strategies. This predictive view may help in designing an immune intervention or preventive vaccine for COVID-19 in the near future."}, {"pmid": 32269032, "title": "Covid-19: testing times.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Beeching, Nick J", "Fletcher, Tom E", "Beadsworth, Mike B J"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269032", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425197, "pmcid": "PMC7227573", "title": "Cardiovascular comorbidities, cardiac injury, and prognosis of COVID-19 in New York City.", "journal": "Am Heart J", "authors": ["Kuno, Toshiki", "Takahashi, Mai", "Obata, Reiichiro", "Maeda, Tetsuro"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425197", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Using Mt. Sinai (New York City) EMR health system data, we retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 8438 COVID-19 patients seen between March 1 and April 22, 2020. Risk of intubation and of death rose as a function of increasing age and as a function of greater cardiovascular comorbidity. Combining age and specific comorbidity markers showed patterns suggesting that cardiovascular comorbidities increased relative risks for adverse outcomes most substantially in the younger subjects with progressively diminishing relative effects at older ages."}, {"pmid": 32413201, "title": "Symptoms and immunoglobulin development in hospital staff exposed to a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.", "journal": "Pediatr Allergy Immunol", "authors": ["Brandstetter, Susanne", "Roth, Samra", "Harner, Susanne", "Buntrock-Dopke, Heike", "Toncheva, Antoaneta", "Borchers, Natascha", "Gruber, Rudolf", "Ambrosch, Andreas", "Kabesch, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413201", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Worldwide, the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections is increasing. Serological immunoglobulin tests may help to better understand the development of immune mechanisms against SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 cases and exposed but asymptomatic individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate exposure to SARS-CoV-2, symptoms and antibody responses in a large sample of health care workers following a COVID-19 outbreak. A COVID-19 outbreak among staff members of a major German children's and women's hospital was followed by massive RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 tests and provided the opportunity to study symptoms, chains of infection and SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody responses (IgG and IgA) by ELISA. Study participants were classified as COVID-19 cases, and persons with close, moderate or no exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in the clinical setting, respectively. Out of 201 study participants, 31 were COVID-19 cases. While most study participants experienced many symptoms indicative for SARS-CoV-2 infection, anosmia and coughing were remarkably more frequent in COVID-19 cases. Approximately 80% of COVID-19 cases developed some specific antibody response (IgA and IgG) approximately 3 weeks after onset of symptoms. Subjects in the non COVID-19 groups had also elevated IgG (1.8%) and IgA values (7.6%) irrespective of contact history with cases. We found that a significant number of diseased did not develop relevant antibody responses three weeks after symptom onset. Our data also suggests that exposure to COVID-19 positive co-workers in a hospital setting is not leading to the development of measurable immune responses in a significant proportion of asymptomatic contact-persons."}, {"pmid": 32497510, "pmcid": "PMC7263814", "title": "Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Chu, Derek K", "Akl, Elie A", "Duda, Stephanie", "Solo, Karla", "Yaacoub, Sally", "Schunemann, Holger J"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497510", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19 and is spread person-to-person through close contact. We aimed to investigate the effects of physical distance, face masks, and eye protection on virus transmission in health-care and non-health-care (eg, community) settings. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the optimum distance for avoiding person-to-person virus transmission and to assess the use of face masks and eye protection to prevent transmission of viruses. We obtained data for SARS-CoV-2 and the betacoronaviruses that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome, and Middle East respiratory syndrome from 21 standard WHO-specific and COVID-19-specific sources. We searched these data sources from database inception to May 3, 2020, with no restriction by language, for comparative studies and for contextual factors of acceptability, feasibility, resource use, and equity. We screened records, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias in duplicate. We did frequentist and Bayesian meta-analyses and random-effects meta-regressions. We rated the certainty of evidence according to Cochrane methods and the GRADE approach. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42020177047. Our search identified 172 observational studies across 16 countries and six continents, with no randomised controlled trials and 44 relevant comparative studies in health-care and non-health-care settings (n=25\u2008697 patients). Transmission of viruses was lower with physical distancing of 1 m or more, compared with a distance of less than 1 m (n=10\u2008736, pooled adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0\u00b718, 95% CI 0\u00b709 to 0\u00b738; risk difference [RD] -10\u00b72%, 95% CI -11\u00b75 to -7\u00b75; moderate certainty); protection was increased as distance was lengthened (change in relative risk [RR] 2\u00b702 per m; pinteraction=0\u00b7041; moderate certainty). Face mask use could result in a large reduction in risk of infection (n=2647; aOR 0\u00b715, 95% CI 0\u00b707 to 0\u00b734, RD -14\u00b73%, -15\u00b79 to -10\u00b77; low certainty), with stronger associations with N95 or similar respirators compared with disposable surgical masks or similar (eg, reusable 12-16-layer cotton masks; pinteraction=0\u00b7090; posterior probability >95%, low certainty). Eye protection also was associated with less infection (n=3713; aOR 0\u00b722, 95% CI 0\u00b712 to 0\u00b739, RD -10\u00b76%, 95% CI -12\u00b75 to -7\u00b77; low certainty). Unadjusted studies and subgroup and sensitivity analyses showed similar findings. The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis support physical distancing of 1 m or more and provide quantitative estimates for models and contact tracing to inform policy. Optimum use of face masks, respirators, and eye protection in public and health-care settings should be informed by these findings and contextual factors. Robust randomised trials are needed to better inform the evidence for these interventions, but this systematic appraisal of currently best available evidence might inform interim guidance. World Health Organization."}, {"pmid": 32425645, "pmcid": "PMC7228875", "title": "Use of convalescent plasma in COVID-19 patients in China.", "journal": "Transfus Clin Biol", "authors": ["Zhu, Mei", "Kaiming, Hu", "Zhu, Zhijun"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425645", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32365269, "title": "Obesity and severe COVID-19 disease: a strong association.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Samuels, Jon D"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365269", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After having read your recent Editorial \"COVID 19 and the Patient with Obesity - The Editors Speak Out\"1 , I wish to share my own personal experience. I am an anesthesiologist working on the frontline of the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic at an academic and teaching establishment, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, in New York City. As Director of the Bariatric Anesthesia division, and an airway expert, I was assigned to our COVID Airway Team, in March 2020."}, {"pmid": 32466458, "title": "Challenges in Laboratory Diagnosis of the Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Younes, Nadin", "Al-Sadeq, Duaa W", "Al-Jighefee, Hadeel", "Younes, Salma", "Al-Jamal, Ola", "Daas, Hanin I", "Yassine, Hadi M", "Nasrallah, Gheyath K"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466458", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has quickly spread worldwide since its discovery in Wuhan city, China in December 2019. A comprehensive strategy, including surveillance, diagnostics, research, clinical treatment, and development of vaccines, is urgently needed to win the battle against COVID-19. The past three unprecedented outbreaks of emerging human coronavirus infections at the beginning of the 21st century have highlighted the importance of readily available, accurate, and rapid diagnostic technologies to contain emerging and re-emerging pandemics. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) based assays performed on respiratory specimens remain the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnostics. However, point-of-care technologies and serologic immunoassays are rapidly emerging with high sensitivity and specificity as well. Even though excellent techniques are available for the diagnosis of symptomatic patients with COVID-19 in well-equipped laboratories; critical gaps still remain in screening asymptomatic people who are in the incubation phase of the virus, as well as in the accurate determination of live viral shedding during convalescence to inform decisions for ending isolation. This review article aims to discuss the currently available laboratory methods and surveillance technologies available for the detection of COVID-19, their performance characteristics and highlight the gaps in current diagnostic capacity, and finally, propose potential solutions. We also summarize the specifications of the majority of the available commercial kits (PCR, EIA, and POC) for laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32389604, "pmcid": "PMC7204675", "title": "Prognostication and Proactive Planning in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Newport, Kristina B", "Malhotra, Sonia", "Widera, Eric"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389604", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Accurate prognostication is challenging in the setting of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, due to rapidly changing data, studies that are not generalizable, and lack of morbidity and functional outcomes in survivors. To provide meaningful guidance to patients, existing mortality data must be considered and appropriately applied. Although most people infected with SARS-CoV-2 will recover, mortality increases with age and comorbidity in those who develop severe illness."}, {"pmid": 32353193, "pmcid": "PMC7267395", "title": "Is the type of diabetes treatment relevant to outcome of COVID-19?", "journal": "J Diabetes", "authors": ["Bloomgarden, Zachary"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353193", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389194, "pmcid": "PMC7202854", "title": "Health system quality in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Roder-DeWan, Sanam"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389194", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339025, "title": "Why Fibrinolytic Therapy for ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in the COVID-19 Pandemic Is Not Your New Best Friend.", "journal": "Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes", "authors": ["Kirtane, Ajay J", "Bangalore, Sripal"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339025", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270314, "pmcid": "PMC7138752", "title": "What can European radiologists learn from the outbreak of COVID-19 in China? A discussion with a radiologist from Wuhan.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Gutzeit, Andreas", "Li, Qiubai", "Matoori, Simon", "Li, Basen", "Wang, Liang"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270314", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501757, "title": "Woundcare4Heroes update: our response to COVID-19 and more.", "journal": "Br J Community Nurs", "authors": ["Masker, Rachel"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501757", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217618, "title": "Covid-19: risk factors for severe disease and death.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Jordan, Rachel E", "Adab, Peymane", "Cheng, K K"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217618", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221979, "title": "Videolaryngoscopy increases 'mouth-to-mouth' distance compared with direct laryngoscopy.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Hall, D", "Steel, A", "Heij, R", "Eley, A", "Young, P"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221979", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366724, "title": "Risk stratification protocol to reduce consumption of personal protective equipment for emergency surgeries during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Hong Kong Med J", "authors": ["Wong, D H T", "Tang, E W H", "Njo, A", "Chu, C K L", "Chau, S K Y", "Chow, T L", "Lim, H S", "Fung, K S C", "Li, K K W"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366724", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335209, "pmcid": "PMC7195061", "title": "Correspondence: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 coated nanoparticles containing respiratory masks, chewing gums and nasal filters may be used for protection against COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Aydemir, Duygu", "Ulusu, Nuriye Nuray"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335209", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491178, "title": "The issue of recurrently positive patients who recovered from COVID-19 according to the current discharge criteria: investigation of patients from multiple medical institutions in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zou, You", "Wang, Bin-Ru", "Sun, Liu", "Xu, Shan", "Kong, Yong-Gang", "Shen, Li-Jun", "Liang, Geng-Tian", "Chen, Shi-Ming"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491178", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current discharge criteria\u00a0for COVID-19\u00a0require that patients have\u00a0two consecutive negative\u00a0results for RT-PCR\u00a0detection. Here, we observed that recurrently positive RT-PCR test results in patients with three consecutive negative results (3xNegRPos, 5.4%) were significantly decreased compared with those in patients with two consecutive negative results (2xNegRPos, 20.6%); such patients reported positive RT-PCR test results within 1 to 12 days\u00a0after meeting the discharge criteria. These results confirmed that\u00a0many\u00a0recovered patients could show a positive\u00a0RT-PCR test result, and most of these patients could be identified by an additional RT-PCR test prior to discharge."}, {"pmid": 32495141, "pmcid": "PMC7269615", "title": "Development and Validation of a Clinical Risk Score for Intensive Care Resource Utilization After Colon Cancer Surgery: a Practical Guide to the Selection of Patients During COVID-19.", "journal": "J Gastrointest Surg", "authors": ["Garfinkle, Richard", "Abou-Khalil, Maria", "Salama, Ebram", "Marinescu, Daniel", "Pang, Allison", "Morin, Nancy", "Demyttenaere, Sebastian", "Liberman, A Sender", "Vasilevsky, Carol-Ann", "Boutros, Marylise"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495141", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a prediction model and clinical risk score for Intensive Care Resource Utilization after colon cancer surgery. Adult (\u2265 18 years old) patients from the 2012 to 2018 ACS-NSQIP colectomy-targeted database who underwent elective colon cancer surgery were identified. A prediction model for 30-day postoperative Intensive Care Resource Utilization was developed and transformed into a clinical risk score based on the regression coefficients. Model performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. The model was validated in a separate test set of similar patients. In total, 54,893 patients underwent an elective colon cancer resection, of which 1224 (2.2%) required postoperative Intensive Care Resource Utilization. The final prediction model retained six variables: age (\u2265 70; OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.68-2.14), sex (male; OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.54-1.95), American Society of Anesthesiologists score (III/IV; OR 2.52, 95% CI 2.15-2.95), cardiorespiratory disease (yes; OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.94-2.53), functional status (dependent; OR 2.81, 95% CI 2.22-3.56), and operative approach (open surgery; OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.51-1.93). The model demonstrated good discrimination (AUC = 0.73). A clinical risk score was developed, and the risk of requiring postoperative Intensive Care Resource Utilization ranged from 0.03 (0 points) to 19.0% (8 points). The model performed well on test set validation (AUC = 0.73). A prediction model and clinical risk score for postoperative Intensive Care Resource Utilization after colon cancer surgery was developed and validated."}, {"pmid": 32520512, "title": "PET/CT of COVID-19 as an Organizing Pneumonia.", "journal": "Clin Nucl Med", "authors": ["Alonso Sanchez, Jaime", "Garcia Prieto, Julia", "Galiana Moron, Alvaro", "Pilkington-Woll, John Patrick"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520512", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An 85-year-old woman with history of melanoma is referred for a follow-up F-FDG PET/CT. F-FDG PET/CT scan showed bilateral and peripheral ground-glass opacities in upper and lower pulmonary lobes surrounded by consolidations of crescent shape with increased FDG uptake, findings compatible with organizing pneumonia. Following further inquiry, the patient reported low-grade fever, sore throat, and fatigue for the past 6 days. Because of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the patient was tested for SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), which resulted positive."}, {"pmid": 32362646, "title": "Strategic planning to augment the testing capacity for COVID-19 in India.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Gupta, Nivedita", "Bhatnagar, Tarun", "Rade, Kiran", "Murhekar, Manoj", "Gangakhedkar, Raman R", "Nagar, Anu"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362646", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nearly 5,500 tests for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had been conducted on March 31, 2020 across the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-approved public and private laboratories in India. Given the need to rapidly increase testing coverage, we undertook an exercise to explore and quantify interventions to increase the daily real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR)-based testing capacity over the next few months. The objective of this exercise was to prepare a potential plan to scale-up COVID-19 testing in India in the public sector. Potential increase in daily testing capacity of the existing public laboratories was calculated across the three base scenarios of shifts (9, 16 and 24 h). Additional testing capacity was added for each shift scenario based on interventions ranging from procurement of additional qRT-PCR machines, leveraging spare capacity on available qRT-PCR machines not drafted into COVID-19 testing, to in-laboratory process optimization efforts. Moving to a 24 h working model in the existing approved laboratories can enhance the daily testing capacity to 40,464 tests/day. The capacity can be further bolstered by leveraging qRT-PCR and nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT)-based machines available with the Multidisciplinary Research Units (MRUs), National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) and National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP). Using combination/multiplex kits, and provision of automated RNA extraction platforms at all laboratories could also optimize run time and contribute to capacity increase by 1.5-2 times. Adopting these interventions could help increase public sector's daily testing capacity to nearly 100,000-120,000 tests/day. It is important to note that utilization of the scaled-up testing capacity will require deployment of additional workforce, procurement of corresponding commodities for testing and scale-up of sample collection and transportation efforts."}, {"pmid": 32347923, "pmcid": "PMC7197554", "title": "Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19: implications for cardiac safety.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother", "authors": ["Jeevaratnam, Kamalan"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347923", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389663, "pmcid": "PMC7205651", "title": "Inflammatory bowel disease and the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: more speed, less haste.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Gower-Rousseau, C", "Fumery, M", "Pariente, B"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389663", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286213, "title": "[Fatal outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 in a previously healthy 50-year-old man].", "journal": "Ugeskr Laeger", "authors": ["Wissenberg, Mads", "Andersen, Lars Peter Kloster", "Pallisgaard, Jannik Langtved", "Lawson-Smith, Pia"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286213", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this case report, a 50-year-old man who had no medical history, presented with multiple cardiac arrests following a week with progressing symptoms of pneumonia. After achieving return of spontaneous circulation he presented with respiratory failure with severe hypoxia, septic shock, and multiple organ failure. A chest X-ray showed signs of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Despite aggressive intensive care management, the patient died 7.5 hours after admission. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was later confirmed, and the presumed cause of death was SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. In conclusion: coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to a fatal outcome in younger healthy residents, who are not treated timely in case of severe symptoms like dyspnoea."}, {"pmid": 32433161, "pmcid": "PMC7268849", "title": "Laboratory-Proven Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Infection on 18F-FDG PET/CT.", "journal": "Clin Nucl Med", "authors": ["Krebs, Simone", "Petkovska, Iva", "Ho, Alan L", "Ulaner, Gary A"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433161", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An 87-year-old man with primary salivary duct carcinoma and hepatic metastases was referred for restaging. F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated new FDG-avid ground-glass opacities with intralobular septal thickening in both lungs with a peripheral dominant distribution. This was interpreted as a pattern highly suggestive of COVID-19 pneumonia, and the referring physician was contacted. The patient was currently asymptomatic and without clinical evidence of active pneumonia. However, the patient tested positive for COVID-19 using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. This case demonstrates that even asymptomatic outpatients undergoing PET/CT should be evaluated for radiologic findings suggestive of COVID-19 during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32430964, "title": "Children are unlikely to be the main drivers of the COVID-19 pandemic - a systematic review.", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Ludvigsson, Jonas F"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430964", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many countries have closed schools and kindergartens to minimise COVID-19, but the role that children play in disease transmission is unclear. A systematic literature review of the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases and medRxiv/bioRxiv preprint servers to 11 May 2020 identified published and unpublished papers on COVID-19 transmission by children. We identified 700 scientific papers and letters and 47 full texts were studied in detail. Children accounted for a small fraction of COVID-19 cases and mostly had social contacts with peers or parents, rather than older people at risk of severe disease. Data on viral loads were scarce, but indicated that children may have lower levels than adults, partly because they often have fewer symptoms, and this should decrease the transmission risk. Household transmission studies showed that children were rarely the index case and case studies suggested that children with COVID-19 seldom caused outbreaks. However, it is highly likely that children can transmit the SARS-COV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19, and even asymptomatic children can have viral loads. Children are unlikely to be the main drivers of the pandemic. Opening up schools and kindergartens is unlikely to impact COVID-19 mortality rates in older people."}, {"pmid": 32318891, "pmcid": "PMC7173353", "title": "Sonographic signs and patterns of COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Ultrasound J", "authors": ["Volpicelli, Giovanni", "Gargani, Luna"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318891", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of COVID-19 is seriously challenging the medical organization in many parts of the world. This novel corona virus SARS-CoV-2 has a specific tropism for the low respiratory airways, but causes severe pneumonia in a low percentage of patients. However, the rapid spread of the infection during this pandemic is causing the need to hospitalize a high number of patients. Pneumonia in COVID-19 has peculiar features and can be studied by lung ultrasound in the early approach to suspected patients. The sonographic signs are non-specific when considered alone, but observation of some aspects of vertical artifacts can enhance the diagnostic power of the ultrasound examination. Also, the combination of sonographic signs in patterns and their correlation with blood exams in different phenotypes of the disease\u00a0may allow for a reliable characterization and be of help in triaging and admitting patients."}, {"pmid": 32427187, "pmcid": "PMC7228734", "title": "Laboring Alone?: Brief Thoughts on Ethics and Practical Answers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM", "authors": ["Ecker, Jeffrey L", "Minkoff, Howard L"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427187", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386447, "pmcid": "PMC7272812", "title": "Reply to \"Acute urticaria with pyrexia as the first manifestations of a COVID-19 infection\": Urticaria-like lesions in COVID-19 patients are not really urticaria. A case with clinicopathologic correlation.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Jimenez, Pedro", "Chicharro, Pablo", "De Argila, Diego", "Munoz-Hernandez, Patricia", "Llamas-Velasco, Mar"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386447", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We have read with great attention the article by Van Damme et al. considering urticarial lesions as a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated skin manifestation1 . They observed two patients with erythemato-edematous lesions surrounded by whitish halo, thus similar to hives but without additional data on their evolution1 . A previous report of COVID19-related urticarial lesions had also been first published by Recalcati2 . However, none of these two published articles detailed if the lesions where evanescent, as it is mandatory for urticaria, nor did a pathological study."}, {"pmid": 32522671, "title": "Preventing SARS-CoV-2 transmission in rehabilitation pools and therapeutic water environments.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Romano-Bertrand, Sara", "Aho Glele, Ludwig-Serge", "Grandbastien, Bruno", "Lepelletier, Didier"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522671", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is mainly transmitted by respiratory droplets and contact with contaminated surfaces. It can be retrieved in faeces but there is no evidence of faecal-oral transmission, which is the main route of contamination in recreational waters. Standard cleaning and disinfecting procedure, microbiologic control and health rules aim to prevent infectious risk regardless of the microorganisms. In the context of progressive lockdown exit and hospital activities recovery, we assessed the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in rehabilitation pools and therapeutic water environments in order to provide specific recommendations to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2 while ensuring essential rehabilitation cares for patients."}, {"pmid": 32304629, "pmcid": "PMC7159875", "title": "Smell and taste dysfunction in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Xydakis, Michael S", "Dehgani-Mobaraki, Puya", "Holbrook, Eric H", "Geisthoff, Urban W", "Bauer, Christian", "Hautefort, Charlotte", "Herman, Philippe", "Manley, Geoffrey T", "Lyon, Dina M", "Hopkins, Claire"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304629", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243596, "pmcid": "PMC7228366", "title": "Global approaches for global challenges: The possible support of rehabilitation in the management of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Coraci, Daniele", "Fusco, Augusto", "Frizziero, Antonio", "Giovannini, Silvia", "Biscotti, Lorenzo", "Padua, Luca"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243596", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471274, "title": "Challenges in Tuberculosis Clinical Trials in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Sponsor's Perspective.", "journal": "Trop Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Rusen, I D"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471274", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unforeseen and extreme changes in societal and health system functioning not previously experienced in most countries in a lifetime. The impact of the pandemic on clinical trials can be especially profound given their complexities and operational requirements. The STREAM Clinical Trial is the largest trial for MDR-TB ever conducted. Currently operating in seven countries, the trial had 126 participants on treatment and 312 additional participants in active follow up as of March 31, 2020. Areas of particular concern during this global emergency include treatment continuity, supply chain management and participant safety monitoring. This commentary highlights some of the challenges faced due to the pandemic and the steps taken to protect the safety of trial participants and the integrity of the trial."}, {"pmid": 32305402, "pmcid": "PMC7161519", "title": "Disruptive Modifications to Cardiac Critical Care Delivery During the Covid-19 Pandemic: An International Perspective.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Katz, Jason N", "Sinha, Shashank S", "Alviar, Carlos L", "Dudzinski, David M", "Gage, Ann", "Brusca, Samuel B", "Flanagan, M Casey", "Welch, Timothy", "Geller, Bram J", "Miller, P Elliott", "Leonardi, Sergio", "Bohula, Erin A", "Price, Susanna", "Chaudhry, Sunit-Preet", "Metkus, Thomas S", "O'Brien, Connor G", "Sionis, Alessandro", "Barnett, Christopher F", "Jentzer, Jacob C", "Solomon, Michael A", "Morrow, David A", "van Diepen, Sean"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305402", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has presented a major unanticipated stress on our workforce, organizational structure, systems of care, and critical resource supply. In order to ensure provider safety, maximize efficiency, and optimize patient outcomes, health systems need to be agile. Critical care cardiologists may be uniquely positioned to treat the numerous respiratory and cardiovascular complications of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and support clinicians without critical care training who may be suddenly asked to care for critically ill patients. This manuscript draws upon the experiences of colleagues from heavily impacted regions of the United States and Europe as well as lessons learned from military mass casualty medicine. We offer pragmatic suggestions on how to implement scalable models for critical care delivery, cultivate educational tools for team training, and embrace technologies such as telemedicine to enable effective collaboration despite social distancing imperatives."}, {"pmid": 32289832, "title": "[Recommendations for Performing Bronchoscopy in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic].", "journal": "Pneumologie", "authors": ["Darwiche, K", "Ross, B", "Gesierich, W", "Petermann, C", "Huebner, R-H", "Grah, C", "Gompelmann, D", "Hetzel, J", "Holland, A", "Eisenmann, S", "Stanzel, F", "Kempa, A", "Conrad, K", "Eberhardt, R"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289832", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is a new and ongoing infectious disease affecting healthcare systems worldwide. Healthcare worker are at high risk for COIVD-19 and many have been infected or even died in countries severely affected by COVID-19 like China or Italy. Bronchoscopy causes cough and aerosol production and has to be considered a significant risk for the staff to get infected. Particular recommendations should guide to prevent spreading COVID-19 and to protect healthcare worker when performing a bronchoscopy."}, {"pmid": 32337516, "title": "Use of free CAD design software for 3D printing individualized face masks based on face scans.", "journal": "Int J Comput Dent", "authors": ["Cortes, Arthur Rodriguez Gonzalez", "Galea, Kurt", "No-Cortes, Juliana", "Sammut, Edward J", "Alzoubi, Emad Eddin", "Attard, Nikolai J"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337516", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe a method of digitally customizing 3D-printed face mask designs using 3D face scans and free software. The procedure of creating customized face masks initially involved importing and aligning STL files of face scans and mask components in free CAD software. The imported mask described in this article is composed of three different STL files (body, filter structure, and grid). The body of the mask was then edited to fit precisely into the face scan STL by using the software's offset tool, followed by adjustments and smoothening of the surfaces of the edges. The resulting customized body of the mask plus the filter and grid STL files were exported and 3D printed with polylactic acid (PLA) filament using a fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer. For the purposes of comparison, a conventional 3D-printed mask (from the original STL files, without being customized for the face scan) was also 3D printed from the original STL files. Both face masks were tested on the same two volunteers. The customized 3D-printed face mask presented a higher adaptation compared with the conventional face mask. The area of facial contact matched the one digitally designed in the software. The 3D-printed grid could clip exactly into the filter, which in turn could be precisely screwed into the body of the face mask. Within the limitations of this technical report, the present findings suggest that customized 3D-printed face masks with enhanced adaptation can be digitally designed using face scans and free CAD software."}, {"pmid": 32131142, "title": "From the frontline of COVID-19 - how prepared are we as obstetricians? A commentary.", "journal": "BJOG", "authors": ["Chua, Msq", "Lee, Jcs", "Sulaiman, S", "Tan, H K"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32131142", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32322475, "pmcid": "PMC7175864", "title": "Defending against the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak: How Can the Internet of Things (IoT) help to save the World?", "journal": "Health Policy Technol", "authors": ["Rahman, Md Siddikur", "Peeri, Noah C", "Shrestha, Nistha", "Zaki, Rafdzah", "Haque, Ubydul", "Hamid, Siti Hafizah Ab"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322475", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2022IoT within infectious disease epidemiology is an emerging field of research, however the ubiquitous availability of smart technologies, as well as increased risks of infectious disease spread through the globalization and interconnectedness of the world necessitates its use for predicting, preventing and controlling emerging infectious diseases\u2022Considering the present situation in China, IoT based smart disease surveillance systems have the potential to be a major breakthrough in efforts to control the current pandemic. With much of the infrastructure itself in place already (i.e. smartphones, wearable technologies, internet access) the role this technology can have in limiting the spread of the pandemic involves only the collection and analysis of data already gathered.\u2022More research must be carried out for the development of automated and effective alert systems to provide early and timely detection of outbreaks of such diseases in order to reduce morbidity mortality and prevent global spread."}, {"pmid": 32412707, "title": "Compassionate Use of Remdesivir in Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Hoffmann, Christian"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412707", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315171, "pmcid": "PMC7197972", "title": "Fast Identification of Possible Drug Treatment of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) through Computational Drug Repurposing Study.", "journal": "J Chem Inf Model", "authors": ["Wang, Junmei"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315171", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of novel coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) calls for and welcomes possible treatment strategies using drugs on the market. It is very efficient to apply computer-aided drug design techniques to quickly identify promising drug repurposing candidates, especially after the detailed 3D structures of key viral proteins are resolved. The virus causing COVID-19 is SARS-CoV-2. Taking advantage of a recently released crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease in complex with a covalently bonded inhibitor, N3 (Liu et al., 10.2210/pdb6LU7/pdb), I conducted virtual docking screening of approved drugs and drug candidates in clinical trials. For the top docking hits, I then performed molecular dynamics simulations followed by binding free energy calculations using an end point method called MM-PBSA-WSAS (molecular mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann surface area/weighted solvent-accessible surface area; Wang, Chem. Rev. 2019, 119, 9478; Wang, Curr. Comput.-Aided Drug Des. 2006, 2, 287; Wang; ; Hou J. Chem. Inf. Model., 2012, 52, 1199). Several promising known drugs stand out as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease, including carfilzomib, eravacycline, valrubicin, lopinavir, and elbasvir. Carfilzomib, an approved anticancer drug acting as a proteasome inhibitor, has the best MM-PBSA-WSAS binding free energy, -13.8 kcal/mol. The second-best repurposing drug candidate, eravacycline, is synthetic halogenated tetracycline class antibiotic. Streptomycin, another antibiotic and a charged molecule, also demonstrates some inhibitory effect, even though the predicted binding free energy of the charged form (-3.8 kcal/mol) is not nearly as low as that of the neutral form (-7.9 kcal/mol). One bioactive, PubChem 23727975, has a binding free energy of -12.9 kcal/mol. Detailed receptor-ligand interactions were analyzed and hot spots for the receptor-ligand binding were identified. I found that one hot spot residue, His41, is a conserved residue across many viruses including SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and hepatitis C virus (HCV). The findings of this study can facilitate rational drug design targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease."}, {"pmid": 32423342, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: what can pharmaceutical formulation and drug delivery experts offer?", "journal": "Pharm Dev Technol", "authors": ["Alany, Raid G"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423342", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296046, "pmcid": "PMC7156806", "title": "COVID-19 and spinal cord injury and disease: results of an international survey.", "journal": "Spinal Cord Ser Cases", "authors": ["Stillman, Michael D", "Capron, Maclain", "Alexander, Marcalee", "Di Giusto, Melina Longoni", "Scivoletto, Giorgio"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296046", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An online survey. To query the international spinal cord medicine community's engagement with and response to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and to assess pandemic-specific information needs and patient concerns. An international collaboration of authors and participants. Two near-identical surveys (one English and one Spanish language) were distributed via the internet. Responses from those questions shared between the surveys were pooled then analyzed; four questions' responses (those not shared) were analyzed separately. A total of 783 responses were submitted from six continents. Few participants (5.8%) had tested their outpatients with SCI/D for COVID-19; only 4.4% reported having a patient with SCI/D with the virus. Of respondents who worked at an inpatient facility, 53.3% reported that only individuals with symptoms were being screened and 29.9% said that no screening was occurring. Participants relayed several concerns offered by their patients with SCI/D, including vulnerability to infection (76.9%) and fragility of caretaker supply (42%), and those living in countries with guaranteed health care were more likely to report widespread availability of COVID-19 testing than were those living in countries without universal care, \u03c72 (3, N\u2009=\u2009625)\u2009=\u200946.259, p\u2009<\u20090.001. There is substantial variability in the rehabilitation medicine community in COVID-19 screening practices and availability of screening kits. People living with SCI/D are expressing legitimate and real concerns about their vulnerability to COVID-19. More and rapid work is needed to address these concerns and to standardize best-practice protocols throughout the rehabilitation community."}, {"pmid": 32434624, "pmcid": "PMC7264455", "title": "Cultural Challenges: The Most Important Challenge of COVID-19 Control Policies in Iran.", "journal": "Prehosp Disaster Med", "authors": ["Jafari, Hamid", "Amiri Gharaghani, Majid"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434624", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32201224, "pmcid": "PMC7174827", "title": "Managing COVID-19 in the oncology clinic and avoiding the distraction effect.", "journal": "Ann Oncol", "authors": ["Cortiula, F", "Pettke, A", "Bartoletti, M", "Puglisi, F", "Helleday, T"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201224", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315885, "pmcid": "PMC7162776", "title": "Addressing collegiate mental health amid COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Zhai, Yusen", "Du, Xue"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315885", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "College students encounter unique challenges leading to poor mental health in the wake of the COVID-19 outbreak. Before the pandemic started, one in five college students experienced one or more diagnosable mental disorders worldwide. The fact that the COVID-19 pandemic affects collegiate mental health underscores the urgent need to understand these challenges and concerns in order to inform the development of courses of action and public health messaging that can better support college students in this crisis. This article provides recommendations that prepare higher education institutions and health professionals for addressing collegiate mental health needs and challenges posed by COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32392282, "pmcid": "PMC7215635", "title": "Association of Treatment With Hydroxychloroquine or Azithromycin With In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With COVID-19 in New York State.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Rosenberg, Eli S", "Dufort, Elizabeth M", "Udo, Tomoko", "Wilberschied, Larissa A", "Kumar, Jessica", "Tesoriero, James", "Weinberg, Patti", "Kirkwood, James", "Muse, Alison", "DeHovitz, Jack", "Blog, Debra S", "Hutton, Brad", "Holtgrave, David R", "Zucker, Howard A"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392282", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine, with or without azithromycin, has been considered as a possible therapeutic agent for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, there are limited data on efficacy and associated adverse events. To describe the association between use of hydroxychloroquine, with or without azithromycin, and clinical outcomes among hospital inpatients diagnosed with COVID-19. Retrospective multicenter cohort study of patients from a random sample of all admitted patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in 25 hospitals, representing 88.2% of patients with COVID-19 in the New York metropolitan region. Eligible patients were admitted for at least 24 hours between March 15 and 28, 2020. Medications, preexisting conditions, clinical measures on admission, outcomes, and adverse events were abstracted from medical records. The date of final follow-up was April 24, 2020. Receipt of both hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, hydroxychloroquine alone, azithromycin alone, or neither. Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were cardiac arrest and abnormal electrocardiogram findings (arrhythmia or QT prolongation). Among 1438 hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 (858 [59.7%] male, median age, 63 years), those receiving hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, or both were more likely than those not receiving either drug to have diabetes, respiratory rate >22/min, abnormal chest imaging findings, O2 saturation lower than 90%, and aspartate aminotransferase greater than 40 U/L. Overall in-hospital mortality was 20.3% (95% CI, 18.2%-22.4%). The probability of death for patients receiving hydroxychloroquine\u2009+\u2009azithromycin was 189/735 (25.7% [95% CI, 22.3%-28.9%]), hydroxychloroquine alone, 54/271 (19.9% [95% CI, 15.2%-24.7%]), azithromycin alone, 21/211 (10.0% [95% CI, 5.9%-14.0%]), and neither drug, 28/221 (12.7% [95% CI, 8.3%-17.1%]). In adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, compared with patients receiving neither drug, there were no significant differences in mortality for patients receiving hydroxychloroquine\u2009+\u2009azithromycin (HR, 1.35 [95% CI, 0.76-2.40]), hydroxychloroquine alone (HR, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.63-1.85]), or azithromycin alone (HR, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.26-1.21]). In logistic models, compared with patients receiving neither drug cardiac arrest was significantly more likely in patients receiving hydroxychloroquine\u2009+\u2009azithromycin (adjusted OR, 2.13 [95% CI, 1.12-4.05]), but not hydroxychloroquine alone (adjusted OR, 1.91 [95% CI, 0.96-3.81]) or azithromycin alone (adjusted OR, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.27-1.56]), . In adjusted logistic regression models, there were no significant differences in the relative likelihood of abnormal electrocardiogram findings. Among patients hospitalized in metropolitan New York with COVID-19, treatment with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, or both, compared with neither treatment, was not significantly associated with differences in in-hospital mortality. However, the interpretation of these findings may be limited by the observational design."}, {"pmid": 32360497, "pmcid": "PMC7189187", "title": "The SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence is the key factor for deconfinement in France.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Dimeglio, Chloe", "Loubes, Jean-Michel", "Deporte, Benjamin", "Dubois, Martine", "Latour, Justine", "Mansuy, Jean-Michel", "Izopet, Jacques"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360497", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new virus, SARS-CoV-2, has spread world-wide since December 2019, probably affecting millions of people and killing thousands. Failure to anticipate the spread of the virus now seriously threatens many health systems. We have designed a model for predicting the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in France, which is based on seroprevalence and makes it possible to anticipate the deconfinement strategy."}, {"pmid": 32530584, "title": "Natural History of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Sakurai, Aki", "Sasaki, Toshiharu", "Kato, Shigeo", "Hayashi, Masamichi", "Tsuzuki, Sei-Ichiro", "Ishihara, Takuma", "Iwata, Mitsunaga", "Morise, Zenichi", "Doi, Yohei"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530584", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520770, "title": "Overview of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Treatment Updates and Advances.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Luo, Yung-Hung", "Chiu, Hwa-Yen", "Weng, Chia-Sui", "Chen, Yuh-Min"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520770", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, several cases of pneumonia with unknown cause were reported in Wuhan, China, and this new type of pneumonia spread rapidly to across provinces during the subsequent weeks. The pathogen was identified quickly and was named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The infectious disease caused by this virus is referred to as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Within months, it has caused a global pandemic and posed a major threat to public health worldwide. As of May 23, 2020, 5,252,452 patients have been confirmed to have the disease, and 339,026 deaths have been reported. Multiple therapeutic trials are ongoing, and some promising results have been released. A vaccine would provide the most effective approach to fight the virus by preventing infection, but none are currently available. To control the COVID-19 outbreak, large-scale measures have been applied to reduce human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Susceptible populations, including older adults, children, and health care providers, warrant particular attention to avoid transmission and infection. This review introduces current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection and treatment strategies, emphasizing the relevant challenges associated with prevention, diagnosis, and management."}, {"pmid": 32437933, "pmcid": "PMC7211726", "title": "Viral dynamics in asymptomatic patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhou, Rui", "Li, Furong", "Chen, Fengjuan", "Liu, Huamin", "Zheng, Jiazhen", "Lei, Chunliang", "Wu, Xianbo"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437933", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Data are limited on the viral load, viral shedding patterns, and potential infectivity of asymptomatic patients (APs) with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study included 31 adult patients who were virologically confirmed to have COVID-19 but were asymptomatic on admission. Among these 31 patients, 22 presented symptoms after admission and were defined as asymptomatic patients in the incubation period (APIs); the other nine patients remained asymptomatic during hospitalization and were defined as asymptomatic patients (APs). The median cycle threshold (Ct) value of APs (39.0, interquartile range (IQR) 37.5-39.5) was significantly higher than that of APIs (34.5, IQR 32.2-37.0), indicating a lower viral load in APs. However, the duration of viral shedding remained similar in the two groups (7 days, IQR 5-14 days vs. 8 days, IQR 5-16 days). The study findings demonstrated that although APs with COVID-19 have a lower viral load, they still have certain period of viral shedding, which suggests the possibility of transmission during their asymptomatic period. Further longitudinal surveillance of these asymptomatic cases via virus nucleic acid testing are warranted."}, {"pmid": 32305500, "pmcid": "PMC7162740", "title": "Chloroquine paradox may cause more damage than help fight COVID-19.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Sharma, Anuj"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305500", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the most recent health care crisis without specific prophylactic or therapeutic drugs. Antimalarial drug chloroquine (CHL) and its safer derivative hydroxychloroquine (HCHL) have been proposed to be repurposed to treat SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19. CHL/HCHL have anti-inflammatory activity and are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and lupus. Although, CHL/HCHL have an anti-viral activity against several viruses in cell-cultures, the anti-viral activity in-vivo is questionable. Repurposing of CHL/HCHL to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection is appealing. However, there is empirical evidence from animal studies with other viruses suggesting that CHL/HCHL may have an untoward paradoxical effect. One thus cannot exclude the possibility that CHL may increase the severity of the disease and prove deleterious both for the patients and public health efforts to contain the highly contagious and explosive spread of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32269938, "pmcid": "PMC7136733", "title": "A call for caution in extrapolating chest CT sensitivity for COVID-19 derived from hospital data to patients among general population.", "journal": "Quant Imaging Med Surg", "authors": ["Wang, Yi Xiang J"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269938", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295764, "title": "AACR Calls on Congress to Take Immediate Action against COVID-19 and Protect Patients with Cancer during the Pandemic.", "journal": "Cancer Discov", "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295764", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 30, 2020, the AACR Board of Directors provided a letter to the U.S. Congressional leadership on behalf of its members in response to the COVID-19 public health emergency."}, {"pmid": 32112966, "pmcid": "PMC7110436", "title": "2019-novel Coronavirus severe adult respiratory distress syndrome in two cases in Italy: An uncommon radiological presentation.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Albarello, Fabrizio", "Pianura, Elisa", "Di Stefano, Federica", "Cristofaro, Massimo", "Petrone, Ada", "Marchioni, Luisa", "Palazzolo, Claudia", "Schinina, Vincenzo", "Nicastri, Emanuele", "Petrosillo, Nicola", "Campioni, Paolo", "Eskild, Petersen", "Zumla, Alimuddin", "Ippolito, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-03-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32112966", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several recent case reports have described common early chest imaging findings of lung pathology caused by 2019 novel Coronavirus (SARS-COV2) which appear to be similar to those seen previously in SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infected patients. We present some remarkable imaging findings of the first two patients identified in Italy with COVID-19 infection travelling from Wuhan, China. The follow-up with chest X-Rays and CT scans was also included, showing a progressive adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Moderate to severe progression of the lung infiltrates, with increasing percentage of high-density infiltrates sustained by a bilateral and multi-segmental extension of lung opacities, were seen. During the follow-up, apart from pleural effusions, a tubular and enlarged appearance of pulmonary vessels with a sudden caliber reduction was seen, mainly found in the dichotomic tracts, where the center of a new insurgent pulmonary lesion was seen. It could be an early alert radiological sign to predict initial lung deterioration. Another uncommon element was the presence of mediastinal lymphadenopathy with short-axis oval nodes. Although only two patients have been studied, these findings are consistent with the radiological pattern described in literature. Finally, the pulmonary vessels enlargement in areas where new lung infiltrates develop in the follow-up CT scan, could describe an early predictor radiological sign of lung impairment."}, {"pmid": 32125873, "title": "Relation Between Chest CT Findings and Clinical Conditions of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia: A Multicenter Study.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Zhao, Wei", "Zhong, Zheng", "Xie, Xingzhi", "Yu, Qizhi", "Liu, Jun"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125873", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. The increasing number of cases of confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China is striking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between chest CT findings and the clinical conditions of COVID-19 pneumonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Data on 101 cases of COVID-19 pneumonia were retrospectively collected from four institutions in Hunan, China. Basic clinical characteristics and detailed imaging features were evaluated and compared between two groups on the basis of clinical status: nonemergency (mild or common disease) and emergency (severe or fatal disease). RESULTS. Patients 21-50 years old accounted for most (70.2%) of the cohort, and five (5.0%) patients had disease associated with a family outbreak. Most patients (78.2%) had fever as the onset symptom. Most patients with COVID-19 pneumonia had typical imaging features, such as ground-glass opacities (GGO) (87 [86.1%]) or mixed GGO and consolidation (65 [64.4%]), vascular enlargement in the lesion (72 [71.3%]), and traction bronchiectasis (53 [52.5%]). Lesions present on CT images were more likely to have a peripheral distribution (88 [87.1%]) and bilateral involvement (83 [82.2%]) and be lower lung predominant (55 [54.5%]) and multifocal (55 [54.5%]). Patients in the emergency group were older than those in the non-emergency group. Architectural distortion, traction bronchiectasis, and CT involvement score aided in evaluation of the severity and extent of the disease. CONCLUSION. Patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia have typical imaging features that can be helpful in early screening of highly suspected cases and in evaluation of the severity and extent of disease. Most patients with COVID-19 pneumonia have GGO or mixed GGO and consolidation and vascular enlargement in the lesion. Lesions are more likely to have peripheral distribution and bilateral involvement and be lower lung predominant and multifocal. CT involvement score can help in evaluation of the severity and extent of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32502288, "title": "Melanoma defies 'lockdown': ongoing detection during Covid-19 in central London.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Schauer, A A", "Kulakov, E L", "Martyn-Simmons, C L", "Bunker, C B", "Edmonds, E"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502288", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has presented significant challenges for Dermatology services, particularly the diagnosis and management of malignant melanoma (MM). Early detection and definitive surgical treatment are key to improving MM prognosis, and in England there is a suspected skin cancer referral pathway that facilitates specialist Dermatology assessment within two weeks. Here, we describe the impact of COVID-19 on MM detection, based on data from the a Dermatology Department in central London."}, {"pmid": 32299017, "pmcid": "PMC7151535", "title": "Central nervous system manifestations of COVID-19: A systematic review.", "journal": "J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Asadi-Pooya, Ali A", "Simani, Leila"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299017", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this systematic review, we will discuss the evidence on the occurrence of central nervous system (CNS) involvement and neurological manifestations in patients with COVID-19. MEDLINE (accessed from PubMed) and Scopus from December 01, 2019 to March 26, 2020 were systematically searched for related published articles. In both electronic databases, the following search strategy was implemented and these key words (in the title/abstract) were used: \"COVID 19\" OR \"coronavirus\" AND \"brain\" OR \"CNS\" OR \"neurologic\". Through the search strategy, we could identify two articles about neurological involvement by COVID-19. One of these publications was a narrative review and the other one was a viewpoint. However, the authors scanned the reference lists of the included studies and could identify multiple references. One study, specifically investigated the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and could document CNS manifestations in 25% of the patients. Most of the studies investigated the manifestations of COVID-19 in general. While neurological manifestations of COVID-19 have not been studied appropriately, it is highly likely that some of these patients, particularly those who suffer from a severe illness, have CNS involvement and neurological manifestations. Precise and targeted documentation of neurological symptoms, detailed clinical, neurological, and electrophysiological investigations of the patients, attempts to isolate SARS-CoV-2 from cerebrospinal fluid, and autopsies of the COVID-19 victims may clarify the role played by this virus in causing neurological manifestations."}, {"pmid": 32369622, "title": "Assessing the impact of lockdown: Fresh challenges for the care of haematology patients in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Willan, John", "King, Andrew J", "Djebbari, Faouzi", "Turner, Gareth D H", "Royston, Daniel J", "Pavord, Sue", "Collins, Graham P", "Peniket, Andy"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369622", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500700, "title": "Novel coronavirus disease 2019: predicting prognosis by using a computed tomography severity score and clinicolaboratory data.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Sabri, Ali", "Davarpanah, Amir H", "Mahdavi, Arash", "Abrishami, Alireza", "Khazaei, Mehdi", "Heydari, Saman", "Asgari, Reyhane", "Nekooghadam, Seyyed Mojtaba", "Dobranowski, Julian", "Taheri, Morteza Sanei"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500700", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently there are known contributing factors but no comprehensive methods for predicting the risk of mortality or ICU admission in patients with Novel Corona Virus infection (COVID-19). The aim of this study is to explore risk factors of mortality and ICU admission in COVID-19 patients using combined CT and clinicolaboratory data. Patients with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed COVID-19 (N= 63) from University Hospitals in Tehran, Iran were studied. All patients underwent CT examination and a total CT score and the number of involved lung lobes were calculated and compared against collected laboratory and clinical information. Univariable and multivariate proportional hazards analysis were used to determine the relationship between the CT, laboratory and clinical data and ICU admission and in-hospital death. By univariable analysis, in-hospital mortality was higher in patients with lower O2 saturation on admission (<88%), higher CT scores and higher number of lung lobes (> 4) involved with a diffuse parenchymal pattern. By multivariable analysis, in-hospital mortality was higher in patients with O2 saturation below 88% on admission and a higher number of lung lobes involved with diffuse parenchymal pattern. The risk of ICU admission was higher with comorbidities (hypertension and ischemic heart disease), SaO2 below 88% and pericardial effusion. We can identify factors affecting in-hospital death and ICU admission in COVID-19. This can help to determine which patients are likely to require ICU admission and to help inform strategic health care planning in critical conditions such as the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32490843, "title": "Information technology-based management of clinically healthy COVID-19 patients: Lessons from the Living and Treatment Support Center operated by Seoul National University Hospital.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Kim, Kyung Hwan", "Bae, Ye Seul", "Jeong, Chang Wook", "Choi, Sae Won", "Ko, Taehoon", "Cho, BeLong", "Kim, Min Sun", "Kang, EunKyo"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490843", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "South Korea took preemptive action against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) by implementing extensive testing, thorough epidemiological investigation, strict social distancing, and rapid treatment of patients according to disease severity. The Korean government entrusted large-scale hospitals with the operation of living and treatment support centers (LTSCs) for the management for clinically healthy COVID-19 patients. The aim of this paper is to introduce our experience implementing information and communications technology (ICT)-based remote patient management systems at a COVID-19 LTSC. We adopted new electronic health record templates, hospital information system (HIS) dashboards, cloud-based medical image sharing, a mobile app, and smart vital sign monitoring devices. Enhancements were made to the HIS to assist in the workflow and care of patients in the LTSC. A dashboard was created for the medical staff to view the vital signs and symptoms of all patients. Patients used a mobile app to consult with their physician or nurse, answer questionnaires, and input self-measured vital signs; the results were uploaded to the hospital information system in real time. Cloud-based image sharing enabled interoperability between medical institutions. Korea's strategy of aggressive mitigation has \"flattened the curve\" of the rate of infection. A multidisciplinary approach was integral to develop systems supporting patient care and management at the living and treatment support center as quickly as possible. Faced with a novel infectious disease, we describe the implementation and experience of applying an ICT-based patient management system in the LTSC affiliated with Seoul National University Hospital. ICT-based tools and applications are increasingly important in health care, and we hope that our experience will provide insight into future technology-based infectious disease responses."}, {"pmid": 32303365, "pmcid": "PMC7156242", "title": "Two known therapies could be useful as adjuvant therapy in critical patients infected by COVID-19.", "journal": "Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim", "authors": ["Hernandez, A", "Papadakos, P J", "Torres, A", "Gonzalez, D A", "Vives, M", "Ferrando, C", "Baeza, J"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303365", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pneumonia caused by coronavirus, which originated in Wuhan, China, in late 2019, has been spread around the world already becoming a pandemic. Unfortunately, there is not yet a specific vaccine or effective antiviral drug for treating COVID-19. Many of these patients deteriorate rapidly and require intubation and are mechanically ventilated, which is causing the collapse of the health system in many countries due to lack of ventilators and intensive care beds. In this document we review two simple adjuvant therapies to administer, without side effects, and low cost that could be useful for the treatment of acute severe coronavirus infection associated with acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). VitaminC, a potent antioxidant, has emerged as a relevant therapy due to its potential benefits when administered intravenous. The potential effect of vitaminC in reducing inflammation in the lungs could play a key role in lung injury caused by coronavirus infection. Another potential effective therapy is ozone: it has been extensively studied and used for many years and its effectiveness has been demonstrated so far in multiples studies. Nevertheless, our goal is not to make an exhaustive review of these therapies but spread the beneficial effects themselves. Obviously clinical trials are necessaries, but due to the potential benefit of these two therapies we highly recommended to add to the therapeutic arsenal."}, {"pmid": 32150618, "pmcid": "PMC7108130", "title": "In Vitro Antiviral Activity and Projection of Optimized Dosing Design of Hydroxychloroquine for the Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Yao, Xueting", "Ye, Fei", "Zhang, Miao", "Cui, Cheng", "Huang, Baoying", "Niu, Peihua", "Liu, Xu", "Zhao, Li", "Dong, Erdan", "Song, Chunli", "Zhan, Siyan", "Lu, Roujian", "Li, Haiyan", "Tan, Wenjie", "Liu, Dongyang"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32150618", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first broke out in Wuhan (China) and subsequently spread worldwide. Chloroquine has been sporadically used in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hydroxychloroquine shares the same mechanism of action as chloroquine, but its more tolerable safety profile makes it the preferred drug to treat malaria and autoimmune conditions. We propose that the immunomodulatory effect of hydroxychloroquine also may be useful in controlling the cytokine storm that occurs late-phase in critically ill SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Currently, there is no evidence to support the use of hydroxychloroquine in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The pharmacological activity of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine was tested using SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero cells. Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models (PBPK) were implemented for both drugs separately by integrating their in vitro data. Using the PBPK models, hydroxychloroquine concentrations in lung fluid were simulated under 5 different dosing regimens to explore the most effective regimen whilst considering the drug's safety profile. Hydroxychloroquine (EC50=0.72 \u03bcM) was found to be more potent than chloroquine (EC50=5.47 \u03bcM) in vitro. Based on PBPK models results, a loading dose of 400 mg twice daily of hydroxychloroquine sulfate given orally, followed by a maintenance dose of 200 mg given twice daily for 4 days is recommended for SARS-CoV-2 infection, as it reached three times the potency of chloroquine phosphate when given 500 mg twice daily 5 days in advance. Hydroxychloroquine was found to be more potent than chloroquine to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in vitro."}, {"pmid": 32403912, "title": "Get your obstetric inpatient and outpatient units ready for COVID-19.", "journal": "Minerva Ginecol", "authors": ["Saccone, Gabriele"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403912", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32181864, "title": "Getting ready for the next pandemic COVID-19: Why we need to be more prepared and less scared.", "journal": "J Emerg Manag", "authors": ["Contreras, George W"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32181864", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220574, "pmcid": "PMC7102665", "title": "Featuring COVID-19 cases via screening symptomatic patients with epidemiologic link during flu season in a medical center of central Taiwan.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Hsih, Wen-Hsin", "Cheng, Meng-Yu", "Ho, Mao-Wang", "Chou, Chia-Huei", "Lin, Po-Chang", "Chi, Chih-Yu", "Liao, Wei-Chih", "Chen, Chih-Yu", "Leong, Lih-Ying", "Tien, Ni", "Lai, Huan-Cheng", "Lai, Yi-Chyi", "Lu, Min-Chi"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220574", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CO-V-2), was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei province, China has now rapidly spread over 50 countries. For the prevention and control of infection, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control initiated testing of SARS-CoV-2 on January 24th 2020 for persons suspected with this disease. Until February 28th, 43 flu-like symptomatic patients were screened in China Medical University Hospital. Two patients were confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection by rRT-PCR as COVID-19 patients A and B. Causative pathogens for included patients were detected using FilmArray\u2122 Respiratory Panel. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical presentations, laboratory data, radiologic findings, and travel and exposure contact histories, of the COVID-19 patients in comparison to those with other respiratory infections. Through contact with Taiwan No. 19 case patient on 27th January, COVID-19 patients A and B were infected. Both patients had no identified comorbidities and developed mild illness with temporal fever, persistent cough, and lung interstitial infiltrates. Owing to the persistence of positive SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory specimen, the two COVID-19 patients are still in the isolation rooms despite recovery until 10th of March. The results of FilmArrayTM Respiratory Panel revealed 22 of the 41 non-COVID-19 patients were infected by particular pathogens. In general, seasonal respiratory pathogens are more prevalent than SARS-CoV-2 in symptomatic patients in non- COVID-19 endemic area during the flu season. Since all patients shared similar clinical and laboratory findings, expanded surveillance of detailed exposure history for suspected patients and application of rapid detection tools are highly recommended."}, {"pmid": 32493174, "title": "Peer teaching medical students during a pandemic.", "journal": "Med Educ Online", "authors": ["Roberts, Victoria", "Malone, Katie", "Moore, Paul", "Russell-Webster, Tamarind", "Caulfield, Rachel"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493174", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Our personal views about the challenges of continuing to deliver peer teaching during a pandemic. We are a group of 4th year medical students who are part of a student society which has delivered structured, highly formulaic peer-led teaching sessions for the past three years. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the reduced access to our normal clinical teaching highlighted the importance of peer-led teaching sessions. We wanted to continue with our peer-taught sessions but knew we would have to devise a new format to make our teaching accessible to our peers wherever they were. Here, we describe the challenges of online peer teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic and our reflections of the future implications to our group."}, {"pmid": 32360108, "pmcid": "PMC7187838", "title": "Maternal death due to COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Hantoushzadeh, Sedigheh", "Shamshirsaz, Alireza A", "Aleyasin, Ashraf", "Seferovic, Maxim D", "Aski, Soudabeh Kazemi", "Arian, Sara E", "Pooransari, Parichehr", "Ghotbizadeh, Fahimeh", "Aalipour, Soroush", "Soleimani, Zahra", "Naemi, Mahsa", "Molaei, Behnaz", "Ahangari, Roghaye", "Salehi, Mohammadreza", "Oskoei, Atousa Dabiri", "Pirozan, Parisa", "Darkhaneh, Roya Faraji", "Laki, Mahboobeh Gharib", "Farani, Ali Karimi", "Atrak, Shahla", "Miri, Mir Mohammad", "Kouchek, Mehran", "Shojaei, Seyedpouzhia", "Hadavand, Fahimeh", "Keikha, Fatemeh", "Hosseini, Maryam Sadat", "Borna, Sedigheh", "Ariana, Shideh", "Shariat, Mamak", "Fatemi, Alireza", "Nouri, Behnaz", "Nekooghadam, Seyed Mojtaba", "Aagaard, Kjersti"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360108", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite 2.5 million infections and 169,000 deaths worldwide (as of April 20, 2020), no maternal deaths and only a few pregnant women afflicted with severe respiratory morbidity have been reported to be related to COVID-19 disease. Given the disproportionate burden of severe and fatal respiratory disease previously documented among pregnant women following other coronavirus-related outbreaks (SARS-CoV in 2003 and MERS-CoV in 2012) and influenza pandemics over the last century, the absence of reported maternal morbidity and mortality with COVID-19 disease is unexpected. To describe maternal and perinatal outcomes and death in a case series of pregnant women with COVID-19 disease. We describe here a multiinstitution adjudicated case series from Iran that includes 9 pregnant women diagnosed with severe COVID-19 disease in their second or third trimester. All 9 pregnant women received a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction nucleic acid testing. Outcomes of these women were compared with their familial/household members with contact to the affected patient on or after their symptom onset. All data were reported at death or after a minimum of 14 days from date of admission with COVID-19 disease. Among 9 pregnant women with severe COVID-19 disease, at the time of reporting, 7 of 9 died, 1 of 9 remains critically ill and ventilator dependent, and 1 of 9 recovered after prolonged hospitalization. We obtained self-verified familial/household cohort data in all 9 cases, and in each and every instance, maternal outcomes were more severe compared with outcomes of other high- and low-risk familial/household members (n=33 members for comparison). We report herein maternal deaths owing to COVID-19 disease. Until rigorously collected surveillance data emerge, it is prudent to be aware of the potential for maternal death among pregnant women diagnosed as having COVID-19 disease in their second or third trimester."}, {"pmid": 32429006, "pmcid": "PMC7272805", "title": "Mental health participation in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Depress Anxiety", "authors": ["Stein, Murray B"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429006", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32112977, "pmcid": "PMC7105032", "title": "World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19).", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Sohrabi, Catrin", "Alsafi, Zaid", "O'Neill, Niamh", "Khan, Mehdi", "Kerwan, Ahmed", "Al-Jabir, Ahmed", "Iosifidis, Christos", "Agha, Riaz"], "date": "2020-03-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32112977", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An unprecedented outbreak of pneumonia of unknown aetiology in Wuhan City, Hubei province in China emerged in December 2019. A novel coronavirus was identified as the causative agent and was subsequently termed COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO). Considered a relative of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), COVID-19 is caused by a betacoronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 that affects the lower respiratory tract and manifests as pneumonia in humans. Despite rigorous global containment and quarantine efforts, the incidence of COVID-19 continues to rise, with 90,870 laboratory-confirmed cases and over 3,000 deaths worldwide. In response to this global outbreak, we summarise the current state of knowledge surrounding COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32525657, "title": "Proinflammatory Cytokines in the Olfactory Mucosa Result in COVID-19 Induced Anosmia.", "journal": "ACS Chem Neurosci", "authors": ["Torabi, Abolfazl", "Mohammadbagheri, Esmaeil", "Akbari Dilmaghani, Nader", "Bayat, Amir-Hossein", "Fathi, Mobina", "Vakili, Kimia", "Alizadeh, Rafieh", "Rezaeimirghaed, Omidvar", "Hajiesmaeili, Mohammadreza", "Ramezani, Mahtab", "Simani, Leila", "Aliaghaei, Abbas"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525657", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Studies have found increased rates of dysosmia in patients with Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the mechanism that causes olfactory loss is unknown. The primary objective of this study was to explore local proinflammatory cytokine levels in the olfactory epithelium in patients with COVID-19. Biopsies of the olfactory epithelium were taken from patients with confirmed COVID-19 as well as uninfected controls. Levels of tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) and interleukin-1-beta (IL-1\u03b2) were assessed using ELISA and compared between groups. Average TNF-\u03b1 levels were significantly increased in the olfactory epithelium of the COVID-19 group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). However, no differences in IL-1\u03b2 were seen between groups. Elevated levels of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-\u03b1 were seen in the olfactory epithelium in patients with COVID-19. This suggests that direct inflammation of the olfactory epithelium could play a role in the acute olfactory loss described in many patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32378648, "title": "Rapid review for the anti-coronavirus effect of remdesivir.", "journal": "Drug Discov Ther", "authors": ["Li, Ziyi", "Wang, Xiaojie", "Cao, Donglin", "Sun, Ruilin", "Li, Cheng", "Li, Guowei"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378648", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 rapidly spread across China and worldwide. Remdesivir had been proposed as a promising option for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We provided a rapid review to critically assess the potential anti-coronavirus effect of remdesivir on COVID-19 and other coronaviruses based on the most up-to-date evidence. Even though remdesivir was proposed as a promising option for treating COVID-19 based on laboratory experiments and reports from compassionate use, its safety and effect in humans requires high-quality evidence from well-designed and adequately-powered clinical trials for further clarification."}, {"pmid": 32449487, "title": "What COVID-19 outbreak in Iran teaches us about virtual medical education.", "journal": "Med Educ Online", "authors": ["Aghakhani, Kamran", "Shalbafan, Mohammadreza"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449487", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517540, "title": "Targeted therapies for cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic: a threat or a blessing?", "journal": "Pharmacogenomics", "authors": ["Moujaess, Elissar", "Kourie, Hampig Raphael", "Kattan, Joseph"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517540", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250654, "pmcid": "PMC7176273", "title": "Protecting Medical Trainees on the COVID-19 Frontlines Saves Us All.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Harrington, Robert A", "Elkind, Mitchell S V", "Benjamin, Ivor J"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250654", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524732, "title": "Worse progression of COVID-19 in men: Is Testosterone a key factor?", "journal": "Andrology", "authors": ["Giagulli, Vito Angelo", "Guastamacchia, Edoardo", "Magrone, Thea", "Jirillo, Emilio", "Lisco, Giuseppe", "De Pergola, Giovanni", "Triggiani, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524732", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease 2019 (COVID-19) seems to have a worse clinical course among infected men compared to women, thus, highlighting concerns about gender predisposition to serious prognosis. Therefore, androgens, particularly testosterone (T), could be suspected as playing a critical role in driving this excess of risk. However, gonadal function in critically ill men is actually unknown, mainly because serum T concentration is not routinely measured in clinical practice, even more in this clinical context. To overview on possible mechanisms by which serum T levels could affect the progression of COVID-19 in men. Authors searched PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Google, and Institutional websites for medical subheading terms and free text words referred to \"SARS-CoV-2\", \"COVID-19\", \"testosterone\", \"male hypogonadism\", \"gender\" \"immune system\", \"obesity\", \"thrombosis\" until May 19th 2020. T, co-regulating the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and transmembrane protease serine 2 in host cells, may facilitate SARS-CoV-2 internalization. Instead, low serum T levels may predispose to endothelial dysfunction, thrombosis and defective immune response, leading to both impaired viral clearance and systemic inflammation. Obesity, one of the leading causes of severe prognosis in infected patients, is strictly associated with functional hypogonadism, and may consistently strengthen the aforementioned alterations, ultimately predisposing to serious respiratory and systemic consequences. T in comparison to estrogen may predispose men to a widespread COVID-19 infection. Low serum levels of T, which should be supposed to characterize the hormonal milieu in seriously ill individuals, may predispose men, especially aged men, to poor prognosis or death. Further studies are needed to confirm these pathophysiological assumptions and to promptly identify adequate therapeutic strategies."}, {"pmid": 32362288, "pmcid": "PMC7225213", "title": "A coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in a hospital and hospital closure: A note.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Mungmunpuntipantip, Rujittika", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362288", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32229477, "title": "Covid-19: how coronavirus will change the face of general practice forever.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Thornton, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229477", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31959587, "title": "China coronavirus: cases surge as official admits human to human transmission.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Parry, Jane"], "date": "2020-01-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31959587", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434133, "pmcid": "PMC7204762", "title": "The emerging spectrum of cardiopulmonary pathology of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Report of 3 autopsies from Houston, Texas, and review of autopsy findings from other United States cities.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Pathol", "authors": ["Buja, Louis Maximilian", "Wolf, Dwayne A", "Zhao, Bihong", "Akkanti, Bindu", "McDonald, Michelle", "Lelenwa, Laura", "Reilly, Noah", "Ottaviani, Giulia", "Elghetany, M Tarek", "Trujillo, Daniel Ocazionez", "Aisenberg, Gabriel M", "Madjid, Mohammad", "Kar, Biswajit"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434133", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper collates the pathological findings from initial published autopsy reports on 23 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from 5 centers in the United States of America, including 3 cases from Houston, Texas. Findings confirm that COVID-19 is a systemic disease with major involvement of the lungs and heart. Acute COVID-19 pneumonia has features of a distinctive acute interstitial pneumonia with a diffuse alveolar damage component, coupled with microvascular involvement with intra- and extravascular fibrin deposition and intravascular trapping of neutrophils, and, frequently, with formation of microthombi in arterioles. Major pulmonary thromboemboli with pulmonary infarcts and/or hemorrhage occurred in 5 of the 23 patients. Two of the Houston cases had interstitial pneumonia with diffuse alveolar damage pattern. One of the Houston cases had multiple bilateral segmental pulmonary thromboemboli with infarcts and hemorrhages coupled with, in nonhemorrhagic areas, a distinctive interstitial lymphocytic pneumonitis with intra-alveolar fibrin deposits and no hyaline membranes, possibly representing a transition form to acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia. Multifocal acute injury of cardiac myocytes was frequently observed. Lymphocytic myocarditis was reported in 1 case. In addition to major pulmonary pathology, the 3 Houston cases had evidence of lymphocytic pericarditis, multifocal acute injury of cardiomyocytes without inflammatory cellular infiltrates, depletion of splenic white pulp, focal hepatocellular degeneration and rare glomerular capillary thrombosis. Each had evidence of chronic cardiac disease: hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy (420 g heart), dilated cardiomyopathy (1070 g heart), and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (670 g heart). All 3 subjects were obese (BMIs of 33.8, 51.65, and 35.2 Kg/m2). Overall, the autopsy findings support the concept that the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 disease involves direct viral-induced injury of multiple organs, including heart and lungs, coupled with the consequences of a procoagulant state with coagulopathy."}, {"pmid": 32454981, "pmcid": "PMC7229878", "title": "Current regulatory approaches for accessing potential COVID-19 therapies.", "journal": "J Pharm Policy Pract", "authors": ["Halimi, Vesa", "Daci, Armond", "Stojanovska, Simona", "Panovska-Stavridis, Irina", "Stevanovic, Milena", "Filipce, Venko", "Grozdanova, Aleksandra"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454981", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This commentary aims to elaborate challenges in the regulatory approaches for accessing and investigating COVID-19 potential therapies either with off-label use, compassionate use, emergency use or for clinical trials. Since no therapies have been formally approved and completely effective and safe to date, the best clinical choice is acquired only after consistent and fair communication and collaboration between licensed clinicians, researchers, regulatory authorities, manufacturers and patients."}, {"pmid": 32161941, "pmcid": "PMC7108144", "title": "A case report of neonatal COVID-19 infection in China.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Shaoshuai", "Guo, Lili", "Chen, Ling", "Liu, Weiyong", "Cao, Yong", "Zhang, Jingyi", "Feng, Ling"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32161941", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 emerged in China and now has spread in many countries. Pregnant women are susceptible population of COVID-19 which are more likely to have complications and even progresse to severe illness. We report a case of neonatal COVID-19 infection in China with pharyngeal swabs tested positive by rRT-PCR assay 36 hours after birth. However, whether the case is a vertical transmission from mother to child remains to be confirmed."}, {"pmid": 32389498, "pmcid": "PMC7200386", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on Urologists: Learning on the Go.", "journal": "Eur Urol Focus", "authors": ["Desouky, Elsayed"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389498", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430307, "title": "Covid-19: The US state copying a global health template for contact tracing success.", "journal": "BMJ", "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430307", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415419, "pmcid": "PMC7225253", "title": "Smooth or Risky Revisit of an Old Malaria Drug for COVID-19?", "journal": "J Neuroimmune Pharmacol", "authors": ["Pahan, Priyanka", "Pahan, Kalipada"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415419", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an old medication for malaria. In addition to handling this parasitic disease, HCQ is also used to treat a number of autoimmune disorders including rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus when other medications are not effective. Recently a new viral infection (COVID-19) is rocking the entire world so much that it has already taken more than 200,000 lives throughout the world within the last two months and the World Health Organization was forced to declare it as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Interestingly, some reports indicate that this wonder drug may be also beneficial for COVID-19 and accordingly, many clinical trials have begun. Here, we discuss different modes of action (anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, inhibition of endosomal acidification, suppression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 or ACE2 glycosylation, etc.) of HCQ that might be responsible for its possible anti-COVID-19 effect. On the other hand, this review also makes an honest attempt to delineate mechanisms (increase in vasoconstriction, inhibition of autophagy, depletion of T cells, etc.) indicating how it may aggravate certain conditions and why caution should be taken before granting widespread repurposing of HCQ for COVID-19. Graphical Abstract."}, {"pmid": 32438240, "pmcid": "PMC7194918", "title": "5-Fluorouracil in combination with deoxyribonucleosides and deoxyribose as possible therapeutic options for the Coronavirus, COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Ahmad, Shamim I"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438240", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent global pandemic created by the Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, started in Wuhan, China in December 2019, has generated panic, both in term of human death (4-5% of infected patients identified through testing) and the global economy. Human sufferings seem to be continuing, and it is not clear how long this will continue and how much more destruction it is going to cause until complete control is achieved. One of the most disturbing issues is Covid-19 treatment; although a large number of medications, previously used successfully with other viruses (including Chinese herbal medicines and anti-malaria drugs), are under consideration, there remain questions as to whether they can play a satisfactory role for this disease. Global attempts are ongoing to find the drugs for the treatment of this virus but none of the antiviral drugs used for treatment of other human viral infection is working and hence attempts to find new drugs are continuing. Here the author is proposing that 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) which when used on its own is failing as an antiviral agent due to the removal of this compound by proof reading ability exceptionally found in Coronaviruses. The author here is proposing to test 5-FU in combination with a number of deoxynucleosides on animal models infected with this Covid-19. Should encouraging results ensue, therapies could then be tried on patients."}, {"pmid": 32512376, "title": "Evaluation of rapid diagnosis of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) using loop-mediated isothermal amplification.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Kitagawa, Yutaro", "Orihara, Yuta", "Kawamura, Rieko", "Imai, Kazuo", "Sakai, Jun", "Tarumoto, Norihito", "Matsuoka, Masaru", "Takeuchi, Shinichi", "Maesaki, Shigefumi", "Maeda, Takuya"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512376", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there is an urgent need for more rapid and simple detection technologies at the forefront of medical care worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of the Loopamp\u00ae 2019-SARSCoV-2 Detection Reagent Kit, which uses loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technology. In this protocol, cDNA is synthesized from SARS-CoV-2 RNA using reverse transcriptase, followed by DNA amplification under isothermal conditions in one step. The RT-LAMP test kit amplified the targeted RNA of a SARS-CoV-2 isolate with a detection limit of 1.0 \u00d7 101 copies/\u03bcL, which was comparable to the detection sensitivity of quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Comparison with the results of RT-qPCR for 76 nasopharyngeal swab samples from patients with suspected COVID-19 showed a sensitivity of 100 % and a specificity of 97.6 %. In the 24 RNA specimens derived from febrile Japanese patients with or without influenza A, no amplification was observed using RT-LAMP. RT-LAMP could be a simple and easy-to-use diagnostic tool for the detection of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32387791, "pmcid": "PMC7194882", "title": "Psychiatric burdens or stress during hospitalization and concerns after discharge in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 isolated in a tertiary care hospital.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Morioka, Shinichiro", "Saito, Sho", "Hayakawa, Kayoko", "Takasaki, Jin", "Suzuki, Tetsuya", "Ide, Satoshi", "Nakamura, Keiji", "Moriyama, Yuki", "Akiyama, Yutaro", "Miyazato, Yusuke", "Nomoto, Hidetoshi", "Nakamoto, Takato", "Ota, Masayuki", "Sakamoto, Keita", "Katsuno, Takashi", "Kusaba, Yusaku", "Ishikane, Masahiro", "Kinoshita, Noriko", "Yamamoto, Kei", "Ujiie, Mugen", "Kutsuna, Satoshi", "Hashimoto, Masao", "Suzuki, Manabu", "Izumi, Shinyu", "Katagiri, Daisuke", "Hojo, Masayuki", "Ohmagari, Norio"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387791", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359413, "pmcid": "PMC7190289", "title": "Keeping COVID-19 at bay in Africa.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Makoni, Munyaradzi"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359413", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334408, "pmcid": "PMC7195353", "title": "The fight against COVID-19 and the restoration of trust in Chinese medical professionals.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Gan, Yiqun", "Chen, Yidi", "Wang, Cheng", "Latkin, Carl", "Hall, Brian J"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334408", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393440, "title": "Dealing with Covid -19: Lessons from China.", "journal": "Indian J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Kumar, Satish", "Gupta, Harish", "Verma, Sudhir Kumar"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393440", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Gopichandran and Subramaniam in their editorial in IJME have appreciated the intensive Chinese efforts to contain the Covid-19 outbreak and wondered if other weak and developing health systems will be able to do the same."}, {"pmid": 32496749, "title": "Psychotherapy in the Post-COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "J Psychiatr Pract", "authors": ["Plakun, Eric M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496749", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This column anticipates challenges likely to be faced by psychotherapists and their patients after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic subsides. It looks beyond the current impact of loneliness, isolation, thwarted belongingness, and loss toward the longer term impact of moral injury and blocked opportunities for mourning."}, {"pmid": 32409232, "pmcid": "PMC7196401", "title": "Lung Ultrasound in Children with COVID-19: Preliminary Findings.", "journal": "Ultrasound Med Biol", "authors": ["Musolino, Anna Maria", "Supino, Maria Chiara", "Buonsenso, Danilo", "Ferro, Valentina", "Valentini, Piero", "Magistrelli, Andrea", "Lombardi, Mary Haywood", "Romani, Lorenza", "D'Argenio, Patrizia", "Campana, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409232", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent evidence indicates the usefulness of lung ultrasound (LUS) in detecting coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pneumonia. However, no data are available on the use of LUS in children with COVID-19 pneumonia. In this report, we describe LUS features of 10 consecutively admitted children with COVID-19 in two tertiary-level pediatric hospitals in Rome. LUS revealed signs of lung involvement during COVID-19 infection. In particular, vertical artifacts (70%), pleural irregularities (60%), areas of white lung (10%) and subpleural consolidations (10%) were the main findings in patients with COVID-19. No cases of pleural effusions were found. According to our experience, the routine use of LUS in the evaluation of children with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, when performed by clinicians with documented experience in LUS, was useful in diagnosing and monitoring pediatric COVID-19 pneumonia, reducing unnecessary radiation/sedation in children and exposure of health care workers to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)."}, {"pmid": 32428236, "title": "Fasting during Ramadan and the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Moothadeth, Arif", "Waqar, Salman", "Ghouri, Nazim", "Iqbal, Zahid", "Alam, Junaid", "Ahmed, Sohail", "Abbas, Syed Zakir"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428236", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32066206, "title": "[Countermeasures and treatment for aortic acute syndrome with novel coronavirus pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Si, Y", "Sun, X F", "Zhong, M", "Yue, J N", "Fu, W G"], "date": "2020-02-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32066206", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) has cost a great loss to the health and economic property of Chines people. Under such a special circumstance, how to deal with such patients with acute aortic syndrome has become a serious challenge. Rapid diagnosis of concomitant NCP, safe and effective transportation, implementation of the interventional procedure, protection of vascular surgical team and postoperative management and follow-up of such patients have become urgent problems for us. Combined with the latest novel government documents, the literature and the experiences from Wuhan, we answered the above questions briefly and plainly. It also hopes to inspire the national vascular surgeons to manage critical emergencies in vascular surgery and even routine vascular diseases with NCP, as a final point to limit the severe epidemic situation, and minimize the damage of NCP."}, {"pmid": 32239125, "title": "[Remdesivir, the antiviral hope against SARS-CoV-2].", "journal": "Rev Esp Quimioter", "authors": ["Reina, J"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239125", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On December 31, 2019 a pneumonia outbreak caused by a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was detected in the city of Wuhan (China). Due to the high capacity of diffusion and human infection it has become a new zoonotic pandemic. The absence of a vaccine has determined the search for antiviral drugs with the capacity to inhibit the replication of the new virus. Among them, remdesivir, an analogue of adenosine, is what seems to have a more promising future. This drug has shown in vitro and in animals a high capacity to block infection and viral replication with attainable concentrations in human plasma. Although all studies have been carried out with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, it seems that by virological and functional analogy, remdesivir is one of the few antiviral drugs with proven efficacy. However, studies and clinical trials in humans are required to know the result of their application in them."}, {"pmid": 32288416, "pmcid": "PMC7137851", "title": "CIRD-F: Spread and Influence of COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci", "authors": ["Zhou, Lingyun", "Wu, Kaiwei", "Liu, Hanzhi", "Gao, Yuanning", "Gao, Xiaofeng"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32288416", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been spreading rapidly in China and the Chinese government took a series of policies to control the epidemic. Therefore, it will be helpful to predict the tendency of the epidemic and analyze the influence of official policies. Existing models for prediction, such as cabin models and individual-based models, are either oversimplified or too meticulous, and the influence of the epidemic was studied much more than that of official policies. To predict the epidemic tendency, we consider four groups of people, and establish a propagation dynamics model. We also create a negative feedback to quantify the public vigilance to the epidemic. We evaluate the tendency of epidemic in Hubei and China except Hubei separately to predict the situation of the whole country. Experiments show that the epidemic will terminate around 17 March 2020 and the final number of cumulative infections will be about 78 191 (prediction interval, 74 872 to 82 474). By changing the parameters of the model accordingly, we demonstrate the control effect of the policies of the government on the epidemic situation, which can reduce about 68% possible infections. At the same time, we use the capital asset pricing model with dummy variable to evaluate the effects of the epidemic and official policies on the revenue of multiple industries."}, {"pmid": 32348598, "pmcid": "PMC7267115", "title": "Review article: prevention, diagnosis and management of COVID-19 in the IBD patient.", "journal": "Aliment Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Al-Ani, Aysha H", "Prentice, Ralley E", "Rentsch, Clarissa A", "Johnson, Doug", "Ardalan, Zaid", "Heerasing, Neel", "Garg, Mayur", "Campbell, Sian", "Sasadeusz, Joe", "Macrae, Finlay A", "Ng, Siew C", "Rubin, David T", "Christensen, Britt"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348598", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has emerged as a public health emergency. All nations are seriously challenged as the virus spreads rapidly across the globe with no regard for borders. The primary management of IBD involves treating uncontrolled inflammation with most patients requiring immune-based therapies. However, these therapies may weaken the immune system and potentially place IBD patients at increased risk of infections and infectious complications including those from COVID-19. To summarise the scale of the COVID-19 pandemic, review unique concerns regarding IBD management and infection risk during the pandemic and assess COVID-19 management options and drug interactions in the IBD population. A literature review on IBD, SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 was undertaken and relevant literature was summarised and critically examined. IBD patients do not appear to be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and there is no evidence of an association between IBD therapies and increased risk of COVID-19. IBD medication adherence should be encouraged to prevent disease flare but where possible high-dose systemic corticosteroids should be avoided. Patients should exercise social distancing, optimise co-morbidities and be up to date with influenza and pneumococcal vaccines. If a patient develops COVID-19, immune suppressing medications should be withheld until infection resolution and if trial medications for COVID-19 are being considered, potential drug interactions should be checked. IBD patient management presents a challenge in the current COVID-19 pandemic. The primary focus should remain on keeping bowel inflammation controlled and encouraging medication adherence."}, {"pmid": 32521159, "title": "Structural basis of potential binding mechanism of remdesivir to SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase.", "journal": "J Phys Chem B", "authors": ["Zhang, Leili", "Zhou, Ruhong"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521159", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Starting from late 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a once-in-a-century pandemic with deadly consequences, which urgently calls for new treatments, cures and supporting apparatuses. Recently, because of its positive results in clinical trials, remdesivir was approved by Food and Drug Administration to treat COVID-19 through Emergency Use Authorization. Here, we used molecular dynamics simulations and free energy perturbation methods to study the inhibition mechanism of remdesivir to its target SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). We first constructed the homology model of this polymerase based on a previously available structure of SARS-CoV NSP12 RdRp (with a sequence identify of 95.8%). We then built a putative pre-insertion binding structure by aligning the remdesivir + RdRp complex to the ATP bound poliovirus RdRp without the RNA template. The putative binding structure was further optimized with molecular dynamics simulations. The resulting stable pre-insertion state of remdesivir appeared to form hydrogen bonds with the RNA template when aligned with the newly solved cryo-EM structure of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp. The relative binding free energy between remdesivir and ATP was calculated to be -2.80 \u00b1 0.84 kcal/mol, where remdesivir bound much stronger to SARS-CoV-2 RdRp than the natural substrate ATP. The ~100-fold improvement in the Kd from remdesivir over ATP indicates an effective replacement of ATP in blocking of the RdRp pre-insertion site. Key residues D618, S549 and R555 are found to be the contributors to the binding affinity of remdesivir. These findings suggest that remdesivir can potentially act as a SARS-CoV-2 RNA-chain terminator, effectively stopping its RNA replication, with key residues also identified for future lead optimization and/or drug resistance studies."}, {"pmid": 32277367, "pmcid": "PMC7145936", "title": "Rheumatologists' perspective on coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and potential therapeutic targets.", "journal": "Clin Rheumatol", "authors": ["Misra, Durga Prasanna", "Agarwal, Vikas", "Gasparyan, Armen Yuri", "Zimba, Olena"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277367", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing pandemic coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a matter of global concern. Environmental factors such as\u00a0air pollution and smoking and comorbid conditions (hypertension, diabetes mellitus and underlying cardio-respiratory illness) likely increase the severity of COVID-19. Rheumatic manifestations such as\u00a0arthralgias and arthritis may be prevalent in about a seventh of individuals. COVID-19 can result in acute interstitial pneumonia, myocarditis, leucopenia (with lymphopenia) and thrombocytopenia, also seen in rheumatic diseases like lupus and Sjogren's syndrome. Severe disease in a subset of patients may be driven by cytokine storm, possibly due to secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), akin to that in systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis or adult-onset Still's disease. In the absence of high-quality evidence in this emerging disease, understanding of pathogenesis may help postulate potential therapies. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) appears important for viral entry into pneumocytes; dysbalance in ACE2 as caused by ACE inhibitors or ibuprofen may predispose to severe disease. Preliminary evidence suggests potential benefit with chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine. Antiviral drugs like lopinavir/ritonavir, favipiravir and remdesivir are also being explored. Cytokine storm and secondary HLH might require heightened immunosuppressive regimens. Current international society recommendations suggest that patients with rheumatic diseases on immunosuppressive therapy should not stop glucocorticoids during COVID-19 infection, although minimum possible doses may be used. Disease-modifying drugs should be continued; cessation may be considered during infection episodes as per standard practices. Development of a vaccine may be the only effective long-term protection against this disease.Key Points\u2022 Patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) may have features mimicking rheumatic diseases, such as arthralgias, acute interstitial pneumonia, myocarditis, leucopenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia and cytokine storm with features akin to secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.\u2022 Although preliminary results may be encouraging, high-quality clinical trials are needed to better understand the role of drugs commonly used in rheumatology like hydroxychloroquine and tocilizumab in COVID-19.\u2022 Until further evidence emerges, it may be cautiously recommended to continue glucocorticoids and other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in patients receiving these therapies, with discontinuation of DMARDs during infections as per standard practice."}, {"pmid": 32208977, "title": "Can chlorine dioxide prevent the spreading of coronavirus or other viral infections? Medical hypotheses.", "journal": "Physiol Int", "authors": ["Kaly-Kullai, K", "Wittmann, M", "Noszticzius, Z", "Rosivall, Laszlo"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32208977", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Viruses have caused many epidemics throughout human history. The novel coronavirus [10] is just the latest example. A new viral outbreak can be unpredictable, and development of specific defense tools and countermeasures against the new virus remains time-consuming even in today's era of modern medical science and technology. In the lack of effective and specific medication or vaccination, it would be desirable to have a nonspecific protocol or substance to render the virus inactive, a substance/protocol, which could be applied whenever a new viral outbreak occurs. This is especially important in cases when the emerging new virus is as infectious as SARS-CoV-2 [4]. In this editorial, we propose to consider the possibility of developing and implementing antiviral protocols by applying high purity aqueous chlorine dioxide (ClO2) solutions. The aim of this proposal is to initiate research that could lead to the introduction of practical and effective antiviral protocols. To this end, we first discuss some important properties of the ClO2 molecule, which make it an advantageous antiviral agent, then some earlier results of ClO2 gas application against viruses will be reviewed. Finally, we hypothesize on methods to control the spread of viral infections using aqueous ClO2 solutions."}, {"pmid": 32238350, "title": "Covid-19: Use radiotherapy only if \"unavoidable,\" says NICE.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238350", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464517, "pmcid": "PMC7239788", "title": "Timely psychological care for patients with severe mental illness during COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Zhang, Jie", "Ren, Yanzhen", "Huang, Haifeng", "Kauer, Aaron J", "Liu, Yuzhen", "Du, Qifeng", "Jiang, Tingyun", "Du, Baoguo"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464517", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450246, "pmcid": "PMC7242943", "title": "Molecular epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Faisalabad, Pakistan: A real-world clinical experience.", "journal": "Infect Genet Evol", "authors": ["Raza, Hassan", "Wahid, Braira", "Rubi, Ghazala", "Gulzar, Adil"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450246", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or COVID-2019 is a new global health challenge which causes severe respiratory complications. As of May 17th, 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has infected 4.6 million people and caused 310,000 deaths, worldwide. In order to study potential impact of infection, complete epidemiological information should be reported on regular basis however, data from Pakistan has not yet been published. This retrospective study is the first report of epidemiological trends of COVID-19 in Faisalabad, Pakistan. On April 4th, 2020, 128 nasopharyngeal swabs collected from city Faisalabad were transported to Postgraduate Research Institute, Lahore for further processing. RNA was extracted using QIAsymphony DSP Virus/Pathogen Midi Kit and real-time PCR was performed to quantify COVID-19. Our finding showed that overall prevalence of COVID-19 in Faisalabad on April 4th was 17.18% (22 of 128). Prevalence was higher in males (n\u202f=\u202f17; 77.2%) as compared to females (n\u202f=\u202f5; 22.8%) but this gender-wise difference was not statistically significant. Patients belonging to age group 37-47\u202fyears were found to be most (45.5%) infected with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32462423, "pmcid": "PMC7251048", "title": "Taking care of systemic sclerosis patients during COVID-19 pandemic: rethink the clinical activity.", "journal": "Clin Rheumatol", "authors": ["Minniti, Antonina", "Maglione, Wanda", "Pignataro, Francesca", "Cappadona, Carmela", "Caporali, Roberto", "Del Papa, Nicoletta"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462423", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 outbreak has quickly spread worldwide, causing a high pressure on the health-care system. In Italy, from March 8, 2020, all the deferrable clinical activities have been suspended to increase the health care offer for COVID-19 patients. The hospital organization has been modified also in order to assure non-COVID-19 patients assistance. The Scleroderma Unit of ASST Pini-CTO Hospital, in Milan, in the region mostly hit by SARS-CoV-2 in Italy, follows more than 600 patients affected by systemic sclerosis (SSc). Patients with SSc need a close follow-up with a regular screening of organ involvement and frequent intravenous treatments. All SSc patients have been educated about ministerial directives to limit COVID-19 spread. The organization of our Scleroderma Unit has been quickly rethought to assure SSc patients assistance in safety for them and for health-care workers during urgent visits or infusion therapies. Using electronic way of communication with frequent virtual contact and guarantying home deliveries of some therapies, we allowed a continuity of care also outside the Hospital."}, {"pmid": 32186951, "pmcid": "PMC7227719", "title": "One Health approach and Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Hum Vaccin Immunother", "authors": ["Ahmad, Tauseef", "Hui, Jin"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32186951", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533920, "title": "The Improbability of the Rapid Development of a Vaccine for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Mol Ther", "authors": ["Morris, Kevin V"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533920", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299201, "pmcid": "PMC7195989", "title": "Crushing the curve, the role of national and international institutions and policy makers in COVID-19 pandemic", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Kocak Tufan, Zeliha", "Kayaaslan, Bircan"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299201", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nobody can be fully prepared to a pandemic. Of course there are signs of it, the scientists can predict, alarming speeches can be made. But there are always alarmist people around, maybe that is why sometimes even the most serious warnings may be not considered by the authorities on time. The first patients may be lost without a proper diagnosis. When everybody realizes that there may be a big problem in the horizon, sometimes it is too late. That is why it is very important to monitor contagious diseases and follow the warnings and releases of national and international disease control centers and other related organizations. China celebrated Lunar New Year with more than 40 thousand families on the 18 of January 2020. Nobody seem to be expecting this emerging new viral pneumonia outbreak appeared in Wuhan, in the last days of 2019, will break the chains and turn out to be a pandemic! But maybe this time it was not too late. There were four important pandemics within the last century: Spanish Flu, Hong Kong Flu, Asian Flu and Swine Flu. Each left different story behind. Millions of people had infected, hundreds, thousands of people died. This time, the Modern World had different tools to limit the SARS CoV2 outbreak. The national and international institutions of our globe were all communicating and taking precautions in a very fast manner than ever. However, this time, unexpectedly, the SARS-CoV-2 contagion was also faster. Besides the international organizations like WHO, UNESCO and UNICEF, the roles of local authorities, health ministries, disease control centers, health protection agencies, research centers and universities are all very important in different operational levels to control and survive from the pandemic. This paper will review the immediate response of different national and international institutions and authorities to COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32501424, "pmcid": "PMC7255267", "title": "A modified deep convolutional neural network for detecting COVID-19 and pneumonia from chest X-ray images based on the concatenation of Xception and ResNet50V2.", "journal": "Inform Med Unlocked", "authors": ["Rahimzadeh, Mohammad", "Attar, Abolfazl"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501424", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this paper, we have trained several deep convolutional networks with introduced training techniques for classifying X-ray images into three classes: normal, pneumonia, and COVID-19, based on two open-source datasets. Our data contains 180 X-ray images that belong to persons infected with COVID-19, and we attempted to apply methods to achieve the best possible results. In this research, we introduce some training techniques that help the network learn better when we have an unbalanced dataset (fewer cases of COVID-19 along with more cases from other classes). We also propose a neural network that is a concatenation of the Xception and ResNet50V2 networks. This network achieved the best accuracy by utilizing multiple features extracted by two robust networks. For evaluating our network, we have tested it on 11302 images to report the actual accuracy achievable in real circumstances. The average accuracy of the proposed network for detecting COVID-19 cases is 99.50%, and the overall average accuracy for all classes is 91.4%."}, {"pmid": 32414939, "title": "Covid-19: Trump fumes as adviser speaks out against lifting of US lockdowns.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414939", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425337, "pmcid": "PMC7229931", "title": "CT imaging features of 34 patients infected with COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Imaging", "authors": ["Zhang, Litao", "Kong, Xue", "Li, Xiujuan", "Zhu, Jianzhong", "Liu, Shanping", "Li, Weiwei", "Xu, Chunlin", "Du, Huanwang", "Jing, Hui", "Xu, Jiahuan", "Shi, Tongtong", "Xie, Yuanzhong"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425337", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To retrospectively analyze the CT findings in patients infected with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The thirty-four cases, 15 females and 19 males, with an age ranging from 7 to 88\u202fyears old, confirmed by real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), were used for our study. All thin-section CT scans of the lungs were performed in all of patients. The clinical, laboratory and CT imaging were available to evaluate in all patients. The patients present with fever (85.29%, n\u202f=\u202f29), cough (67.65%, n\u202f=\u202f23), fatigue or myalgia (26.47%, n\u202f=\u202f9), and pharyngalgia (8.82%, n\u202f=\u202f3). The 4 patients (11.76%) with no symptoms were identified during screening for close contacts, who had typical CT findings. On initial CT scans, the bilateral lung involved was shown in 24 cases (70.59%), while 29 (82.35%) cases were distributed in peripheral. The pure ground glass opacity (GGO) was shown in 18 cases (52.94%), the GGO with consolidation was in 12 cases (35.29%), and full consolidation only in 3 cases. The lesion with air bronchogram was seen in 14 (41.18%) cases, with enlarged blood vessel in 17 (50.00%) cases, with crazy-paving pattern in 8 (23.53%) cases, with fine reticular pattern in 4 (11.77%) cases, and with intralesional vacuole sign in 6 (17.65%) cases. The pleural effusion was seen in one patient. Follow-up imaging in 19 patients during the study time window demonstrated mild, moderate or severe progression of disease, as manifested by increasing extent and density of lung opacities. The bilateral GGO with air bronchogram, enlarged blood vessel, fine reticular pattern, and peripheral distribution are the early CT findings of COVID-19. The crazy-paving pattern and intralesional vacuole sign are the features of progressive stage."}, {"pmid": 32420611, "title": "More on 'Association between ABO blood groups and risk of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia'.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["O'Sullivan, Jamie M", "Ward, Soracha", "Fogarty, Helen", "O'Donnell, James S"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420611", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301034, "pmcid": "PMC7160609", "title": "Our Most Powerful Weapon to Fight COVID-19: Patient Involvement.", "journal": "Patient", "authors": ["Pitts, Peter J"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301034", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270436, "pmcid": "PMC7140589", "title": "Detection of serum IgM and IgG for COVID-19 diagnosis.", "journal": "Sci China Life Sci", "authors": ["Zhong, Ling", "Chuan, Junlan", "Gong, Bo", "Shuai, Ping", "Zhou, Yu", "Zhang, Yi", "Jiang, Zhilin", "Zhang, Dingding", "Liu, Xiaoqi", "Ma, Shi", "Huang, Yi", "Lin, He", "Wang, Qingwei", "Huang, Lulin", "Jiang, Dan", "Hao, Fang", "Tang, Juan", "Zheng, Chunqi", "Yu, Hua", "Wang, Zhibin", "Jiang, Qi", "Zeng, Tao", "Luo, Mei", "Zeng, Fanwei", "Zeng, Fanxin", "Liu, Jianghai", "Tian, Junxi", "Xu, Yu", "Long, Tengxiang", "Xu, Kaiju", "Yang, Xingxiang", "Liu, Yuping", "Shi, Yi", "Jiang, Li", "Yang, Zhenglin"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270436", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32199182, "pmcid": "PMC7195292", "title": "The emotional impact of Coronavirus 2019-nCoV (new Coronavirus disease).", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Lima, Carlos Kennedy Tavares", "Carvalho, Poliana Moreira de Medeiros", "Lima, Igor de Araujo Araruna Silva", "Nunes, Jose Victor Alexandre de Oliveira", "Saraiva, Jeferson Steves", "de Souza, Ricardo Inacio", "da Silva, Claudio Gleidiston Lima", "Neto, Modesto Leite Rolim"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199182", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel form of Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan has created a confused and rapidly evolving situation. In this situational framework, patients and front-line healthcare workers are vulnerable. Studies were identified using large-circulation international journals found in two electronic databases: Scopus and Embase. Populations of patients that may require tailored interventions are older adults and international migrant workers. Older adults with psychiatric conditions may be experiencing further distress. The COVID-19 epidemic has underscored potential gaps in mental health services during emergencies. Most health professionals working in isolation units and hospitals do not receive any training for providing mental health care. Fear seems more certainly a consequence of mass quarantine."}, {"pmid": 32371823, "pmcid": "PMC7227797", "title": "Respiratory Distress in Postanesthesia Care Unit: First Presentation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a 17-Year-Old Girl: A Case Report.", "journal": "A A Pract", "authors": ["Rahmanzade, Ramin", "Rahmanzadeh, Reza", "Hashemian, Seyed MohammadReza"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371823", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 17-year-old healthy girl underwent an uneventful esthetic septorhinoplasty. She was easily extubated and transferred to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) with oxygen saturation (SpO2) of 96%. About 30 minutes after arrival in the PACU, she developed dyspnea with SpO2 of 84% and promptly received oxygen with bilevel positive airway pressure in conjunction with low-dose corticosteroid. The subsequent chest computed tomography (CT) revealed bilateral patchy infiltrates similar to the radiologic findings of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Finally, a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of a pharyngeal specimen confirmed the diagnosis of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32347053, "title": "[Diagnosis, treatment, control and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 and coronavirus disease 2019: back to the future].", "journal": "Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao", "authors": ["Ye, Zi-Wei", "Jin, Dong-Yan"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347053", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as named by the World Health Organization has millions of confirmed cases around the world and has claimed hundreds of thousands of lives. The virus was named SARS-CoV-2 in February by International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. COVID-19 presents as fever, dry cough, dyspnea, headache and pneumonia. In a small subset of severe cases, the disease quickly progresses to respiratory failure and even death. Since the 21st century, there have been three major outbreaks caused by human coronaviruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) that broke out in 2003, the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2012, and the recent pandemic of COVID-19. Since 2003, significant progress has been made in the study of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV concerning their natural origins, pathogenesis, antiviral development and vaccine design. Since SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV are closely related, previous findings on SARS-CoV are highly relevant to a better understanding as well as diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we highlight recent progresses in the field; compare the biological characteristics of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2; summarize the urgently-needed diagnostic, treatment, prevention and control options; and provide future perspectives for the outcome of the outbreak and research questions to be answered, including some of the difficulties in vaccine development. Hopefully, our comments and suggestions would prove useful for the control of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in China and the world."}, {"pmid": 32280138, "pmcid": "PMC7138121", "title": "Perfusion's Role in Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Extra Corpor Technol", "authors": ["Schiess, Justin G"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32280138", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241023, "pmcid": "PMC7184508", "title": "Gargle lavage as a safe and sensitive alternative to swab samples to diagnose COVID-19: a case report in Japan.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Saito, Makoto", "Adachi, Eisuke", "Yamayoshi, Seiya", "Koga, Michiko", "Iwatsuki-Horimoto, Kiyoko", "Kawaoka, Yoshihiro", "Yotsuyanagi, Hiroshi"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241023", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500134, "title": "The influence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on esophagogastric cancer services: an international survey of esophagogastric surgeons.", "journal": "Dis Esophagus", "authors": ["Kamarajah, Sivesh K", "Markar, Sheraz R", "Singh, Pritam", "Griffiths, Ewen A"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500134", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several guidelines to guide clinical practice among esophagogastric surgeons during the COVID-19 pandemic were produced. However, none provide reflection of current service provision. This international survey aimed to clarify the changes observed in esophageal and gastric cancer management and surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey covering key areas for esophagogastric cancer services, including staging investigations and oncological and surgical therapy before and during (at two separate time-points-24th March 2020 and 18th April 2020) the COVID-19 pandemic were developed. A total of 234 respondents from 225 centers and 49 countries spanning six continents completed the first round of the online survey, of which 79% (n\u00a0=\u2009184) completed round 2. There was variation in the availability of staging investigations ranging from 26.5% for endoscopic ultrasound to 62.8% for spiral computed tomography scan. Definitive chemoradiotherapy was offered in 14.8% (adenocarcinoma) and 47.0% (squamous cell carcinoma) of respondents and significantly increased by almost three-fold and two-fold, respectively, in both round 1 and 2. There were uncertainty and heterogeneity surrounding prioritization of patients undergoing cancer resections. Of the surgeons symptomatic with COVID-19, only 40.2% (33/82) had routine access to COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction testing for staff. Of those who had testing available (n\u00a0=\u200933), only 12.1% (4/33) had tested positive. These data highlight management challenges and several practice variations in caring for patients with esophagogastric cancers. Therefore, there is a need for clear consistent guidelines to be in place in the event of a further pandemic to ensure a standardized level of oncological care for patients with esophagogastric cancers."}, {"pmid": 32419694, "title": "Case Report: COVID-19 Presenting as Acute Undifferentiated Febrile Illness-A Tropical World Threat.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Nunthavichitra, Surat", "Prapaso, Suttiporn", "Luvira, Viravarn", "Muangnoicharoen, Sant", "Leaungwutiwong, Pornsawan", "Piyaphanee, Watcharapong"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419694", "countries": ["Thailand", "Myanmar"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a young Thai man from the Thai-Myanmar border suffering from 2 days of fever and myalgia without respiratory tract signs or symptoms. He reported no history of travel through an area with confirmed COVID-19 cases or contact with sick persons. After excluding malaria and dengue, which are common causative agents of acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AUFI) in Thailand, chest radiography was performed according to the patient triage protocol of our institute for AUFI during the COVID-19 outbreak. Chest radiography revealed findings compatible with pneumonia. Nasopharyngeal, throat, and sputum samples tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR. The preadmission diagnosis of COVID-19 in this patient enabled appropriate management and isolation to prevent nosocomial transmission. Fever and nonspecific symptoms and laboratory results in early COVID-19 may be difficult to distinguish from tropical infectious diseases, especially when respiratory signs and symptoms are absent. This fact necessitates vigilant awareness in clinical investigation, management, and infection control, especially in tropical resource-limited settings."}, {"pmid": 32514194, "pmcid": "PMC7265939", "title": "Intensifying vaccine production.", "journal": "Bull World Health Organ", "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514194", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has started a race to develop new vaccines. Making sure enough is made to meet demand will require manufacturing innovation. Tatum Anderson reports."}, {"pmid": 32283157, "pmcid": "PMC7151481", "title": "Imported COVID-19 cases pose new challenges for China.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Chen, Libin", "Cai, Juncheng", "Lin, Qiuyan", "Xiang, Bin", "Ren, Tao"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283157", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32198801, "pmcid": "PMC7161827", "title": "COVID-19: A Singapore Orthopedic Resident's Musings in the Emergency Department.", "journal": "Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Liang, Zhen C", "Ooi, Shirley B S"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198801", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336170, "title": "Coronavirus HKU 1 infection with bronchiolitis, pericardial effusion and acute respiratory failure in obese adult female.", "journal": "J Asthma", "authors": ["Bianchi, Francesco", "Bennett, David", "Alderighi, Lorenzo", "Pieroni, Maria", "Refini, Rosa Metella", "Fossi, Antonella", "Bargagli, Elena", "Mazzei, Maria Antonietta", "Guazzi, Gianni", "Cusi, Maria Grazia", "Sestini, Piersante"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336170", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Seven species of coronavirus cause acute respiratory illness in humans. Coronavirus HKU 1 (CoV HKU 1) was first described in 2005 in an adult patient with pneumonia in Hong Kong. Although it is a well-known respiratory tract pathogen, there is not much information about its role in hospitalized adults, especially in southern Europe. Here, we describe a case of radiologically demonstrated CoV HKU 1-related bronchiolitis with acute respiratory failure in an adult female without significant comorbidities except obesity."}, {"pmid": 32196116, "pmcid": "PMC7184437", "title": "Recommendations for the prevention, mitigation and containment of the emerging SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic in haemodialysis centres.", "journal": "Nephrol Dial Transplant", "authors": ["Basile, Carlo", "Combe, Christian", "Pizzarelli, Francesco", "Covic, Adrian", "Davenport, Andrew", "Kanbay, Mehmet", "Kirmizis, Dimitrios", "Schneditz, Daniel", "van der Sande, Frank", "Mitra, Sandip"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196116", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, a disease caused by a novel coronavirus, is a major global human threat that has turned into a pandemic. This novel coronavirus has specifically high morbidity in the elderly and in comorbid populations. Uraemic patients on dialysis combine an intrinsic fragility and a very frequent burden of comorbidities with a specific setting in which many patients are repeatedly treated in the same area (haemodialysis centres). Moreover, if infected, the intensity of dialysis requiring specialized resources and staff is further complicated by requirements for isolation, control and prevention, putting healthcare systems under exceptional additional strain. Therefore, all measures to slow if not to eradicate the pandemic and to control unmanageably high incidence rates must be taken very seriously. The aim of the present review of the European Dialysis (EUDIAL) Working Group of ERA-EDTA is to provide recommendations for the prevention, mitigation and containment in haemodialysis centres of the emerging COVID-19 pandemic. The management of patients on dialysis affected by COVID-19 must be carried out according to strict protocols to minimize the risk for other patients and personnel taking care of these patients. Measures of prevention, protection, screening, isolation and distribution have been shown to be efficient in similar settings. They are essential in the management of the pandemic and should be taken in the early stages of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32491254, "title": "Dermatological insights from Google Trends: what does the public think is important during COVID-19 lockdown?", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Searle, T", "Al-Niaimi, F", "Ali, F R"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491254", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the United Kingdom, Google is often the search engine used to explore information relating to many aspects of people's lives, including dermatological advice and information. The frequency of searching for particular terms could indicate the relative importance that the public assigns to various conditions and is dynamic, fluctuating in different societal contexts, such as during a pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32463794, "title": "Metformin and SARS-CoV-2: mechanistic lessons on air pollution to weather the cytokine/thrombotic storm in COVID-19.", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Menendez, Javier A"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463794", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pathological signaling in the lung induced by particulate matter (PM) air pollution partially overlaps with that provoked by COVID-19, the pandemic disease caused by infection with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Metformin is capable of suppressing one of the molecular triggers of the proinflammatory and prothrombotic processes of urban PM air pollution, namely the mitochondrial ROS/Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channels (CRAC)/IL-6 cascade. Given the linkage between mitochondrial functionality, ion channels, and inflamm-aging, the ability of metformin to target mitochondrial electron transport and prevent ROS/CRAC-mediated IL-6 release might illuminate new therapeutic avenues to quell the raging of the cytokine and thrombotic-like storms that are the leading causes of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in older people. The incorporation of infection rates, severity and lethality of SARS-CoV-2 infections as new outcomes of metformin usage in elderly populations at risk of developing severe COVID-19, together with the assessment of bronchial/serological titers of inflammatory cytokines and D-dimers, could provide a novel mechanistic basis for the consideration of metformin as a therapeutic strategy against the inflammatory and thrombotic states underlying the gerolavic traits of SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32361432, "pmcid": "PMC7162759", "title": "Investigation of effective climatology parameters on COVID-19 outbreak in Iran.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Ahmadi, Mohsen", "Sharifi, Abbas", "Dorosti, Shadi", "Jafarzadeh Ghoushchi, Saeid", "Ghanbari, Negar"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361432", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19) Coronavirus cases are confirmed throughout the world and millions of people are being put into quarantine. A better understanding of the effective parameters in infection spreading can bring about a logical measurement toward COVID-19. The effect of climatic factors on spreading of COVID-19 can play an important role in the new Coronavirus outbreak. In this study, the main parameters, including the number of infected people with COVID-19, population density, intra-provincial movement, and infection days to end of the study period, average temperature, average precipitation, humidity, wind speed, and average solar radiation investigated to understand how can these parameters effects on COVID-19 spreading in Iran? The Partial correlation coefficient (PCC) and Sobol'-Jansen methods are used for analyzing the effect and correlation of variables with the COVID-19 spreading rate. The result of sensitivity analysis shows that the population density, intra-provincial movement have a direct relationship with the infection outbreak. Conversely, areas with low values of wind speed, humidity, and solar radiation exposure to a high rate of infection that support the virus's survival. The provinces such as Tehran, Mazandaran, Alborz, Gilan, and Qom are more susceptible to infection because of high population density, intra-provincial movements and high humidity rate in comparison with Southern provinces."}, {"pmid": 32299328, "title": "Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): What You Need to Know.", "journal": "Workplace Health Saf", "authors": ["Carver, Pamela E", "Phillips, Jennan"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299328", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Much remains unknown about COVID-19. Occupational health nurses must use reliable sources to control misinformation and prevent widespread panic."}, {"pmid": 32511791, "title": "\"It ain't over ... . till it's over!\" Risk-mitigation strategies for patients with gastrointestinal diseases in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Holtmann, Gerald", "Quigley, Eamonn M", "Shah, Ayesha", "Camilleri, Michael", "Tan, Victoria Py", "Gwee, Kok Ann", "Sugano, Kentaro", "Sollano, Jose D", "Fock, Kwong M", "Ghoshal, Uday C", "Chen, Minhu", "Dignass, Axel", "Cohen, Henry"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511791", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The available COVID-19 literature has focussed on specific disease manifestations, infection control, and delivery or prioritisation of services for specific patient groups in the setting of the acute COVID-19 pandemic. Local health systems aim to contain the COVID-19 pandemic and hospitals and health care providers rush to provide the capacity for a surge of COVID-19 patients. However, the short, medium- and long-term outcomes of patients with gastrointestinal (GI) diseases without COVID-19 will be affected by the ability to develop locally adapted strategies to meet their service needs in the COVID-19 setting. To mitigate risks for patients with GI diseases, it is useful to differentiate three phases: 1) the acute phase, 2) the adaptation phase and 3) the consolidation phase. During the acute phase, service delivery for patients with GI disease will be curtailed to meet competing health care needs of COVID-19 patients. During the adaptation phase, GI-services are calibrated towards a 'new normal' and the consolidation phase is characterised by rapid introduction and ongoing refinement of services. Proactive planning with engagement of relevant stakeholders including consumer representatives is required to be prepared for a variety of scenarios that are dictated by thus far undefined long-term economic and societal impacts of the pandemic. Since substantial changes -to the delivery of services are likely to occur, it is important that these changes are embedded into quality and research frameworks to ensure that data are generated that support evidence-based decision-making during the adaptation and consolidation phases."}, {"pmid": 32249185, "pmcid": "PMC7141458", "title": "Duration of serum neutralizing antibodies for SARS-CoV-2: Lessons from SARS-CoV infection.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Lin, Qingqing", "Zhu, Li", "Ni, Zuowei", "Meng, Haitao", "You, Liangshun"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249185", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393505, "title": "Covid-19: Concern about social care's ability to cope with pandemics was raised two years ago.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Day, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393505", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467124, "title": "80-year-old man with dyspnoea and bilateral groundglass infiltrates: an elusive case of COVID-19.", "journal": "BMJ Case Rep", "authors": ["Samec, Matthew J", "Khawaja, Ali", "Patel, Ashokakumar M", "Dugani, Sagar B"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467124", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a novel viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 virus, first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. COVID-19 has spread rapidly and is now considered a global pandemic. We present a case of a patient with minimal respiratory symptoms but prominent bilateral groundglass opacities in a 'crazy paving' pattern on chest CT imaging and a negative initial infectious workup. However, given persistent dyspnoea and labs suggestive of COVID-19 infection, the patient remained hospitalised for further monitoring. Forty-eight\u2009hours after initial testing, the PCR test was repeated and returned positive for COVID-19. This case illustrates the importance of clinical vigilance to retest patients for COVID-19, particularly in the absence of another compelling aetiology. As COVID-19 testing improves to rapidly generate results, selective retesting of patients may uncover additional COVID-19 cases and strengthen measures to minimise the spread of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32420755, "title": "Protect Pregnant and Lactating Women with COVID-19 Through Research, Not from Research.", "journal": "Breastfeed Med", "authors": ["Stuebe, Alison"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420755", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32080993, "title": "The Author's Response: Case of the Index Patient Who Caused Tertiary Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea: the Application of Lopinavir/Ritonavir for the Treatment of COVID-19 Pneumonia Monitored by Quantitative RT-PCR.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Lim, Jaegyun", "Jeon, Seunghyun", "Shin, Hyun Young", "Kim, Moon Jung", "Seong, Yu Min", "Lee, Wang Jun", "Choe, Kang Won", "Kang, Yu Min", "Lee, Baeckseung", "Park, Sang Joon"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32080993", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32193174, "title": "Partha Kar: Covid-19-we must keep faith in our experts.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Kar, Partha"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32193174", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381130, "pmcid": "PMC7231664", "title": "Coronavirus disease - 2019 assessment zone: A community hospital's rapid response to a novel infectious pandemic.", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Mohindra, Rohit", "Atlin, Cori", "Moran, Carla", "Shook, Ann", "Ennis, Andrea", "Page, Jennifer", "Vaglica, Marisa", "Hannam, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381130", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484927, "title": "Regarding COVID-19 and the Otolaryngologist: Preliminary Evidence-Based Review.", "journal": "Laryngoscope", "authors": ["Lovato, Andrea", "de Filippis, Cosimo"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484927", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32224009, "pmcid": "PMC7195597", "title": "Editorial: safe healthcare teams during the coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Brennan, P A", "Oeppen, R S"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224009", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401348, "title": "Maternal health and non-communicable disease prevention: An investment case for the post COVID-19 world and need for better health economic data.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Kapur, Anil", "Hod, Moshe"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401348", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An integrated approach to population health, disease surveillance, and preventive care will dominate the health agenda in the post COVID-19 world. Because of their huge burden and the vulnerability imposed during a health crisis, prevention and care of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) will need to be prioritized even further. Maternal and child health are inextricably linked with NCDs and their risk factors. The intergenerational impact of poor maternal nutrition and health conditions during pregnancy, particularly NCD-related pregnancy complications, can be considered as a multiplier of the ongoing pandemic of NCDs. The economic cost of poor maternal health and NCD-related pregnancy complications is likely very high, but is not adequately researched or documented in the context of long-term population health. Interventions to address NCDs in pregnancy have beneficial effects on short-term pregnancy outcomes; but even more importantly, identifying \"at-risk\" mothers and offspring opens up the opportunity for targeted early preventive action. Preventive actions to address obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases have a common lifestyle approach-identifying any one of these problems in pregnancy provides an opportunity to address them all. Cost-benefit analyses that only focus on the short-term and on one condition do not capture the full value of downstream, long-term benefits for population health. This requires urgent attention from FIGO."}, {"pmid": 32343498, "pmcid": "PMC7207224", "title": "Cancer Management in India during Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Pramesh, C S", "Badwe, Rajendra A"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343498", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423581, "pmcid": "PMC7190294", "title": "Institutional, not home-based, isolation could contain the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Dickens, Borame L", "Koo, Joel R", "Wilder-Smith, Annelies", "Cook, Alex R"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423581", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523503, "pmcid": "PMC7279421", "title": "Smoking and SARS-CoV-2: Are Polish health professionals at higher risk of infection?", "journal": "Tob Induc Dis", "authors": ["Koczkodaj, Pawel", "Cedzynska, Magdalena", "Didkowska, Joanna"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523503", "countries": ["Poland"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422384, "pmcid": "PMC7227548", "title": "Diagnosis and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Laboratory, PCR, and chest CT imaging findings.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Abbasi-Oshaghi, Ebrahim", "Mirzaei, Fatemeh", "Farahani, Farhad", "Khodadadi, Iraj", "Tayebinia, Heidar"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422384", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, more than 3 million cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and about 200,000 deaths have been reported worldwide. The outbreak of this novel disease has become a global health emergency and continues to rapidly spread around the world. Based on the clinical data, approved cases are divided into four classes including mild, moderate, severe, and critical. About 5% of cases were considered critically ill and 14% were considered to have the severe classification of the disease. In China, the fatality rate of this infection was about 4%. This review focuses on currently available information on the etiology, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and mechanism of action of COVID-19. Furthermore, we present an overview of diagnostic approaches and treatment of this disease according to available findings. This review paper will help the physician to diagnose and successfully treat COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32425491, "pmcid": "PMC7229959", "title": "[Pandemic COVID-19, the new health emergency of international concern: a review].", "journal": "Semergen", "authors": ["Crespo, Roland Mojica", "Morales Crespo, Mairim Melissa"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425491", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission", "Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, some cases of atypical pneumonia, at that time of unknown origin, were reported in Wuhan, China. Days later, the etiologic agent was identified as a new coronavirus. This new coronavirus was called SARS-CoV-2 and the disease it produces was named COVID-19. The origin of this new virus is presumed zoonotic, with bats being its probable vector. Due to the rapid number of infections and deaths that occurred first in China and later around the world, the infection of this virus quickly went from being an isolated outbreak in a Chinese region to becoming a health emergency of international concern and later, a pandemic. The purpose of this review is to study the most relevant and current information on the pathogen, as well as epidemiology, pathology, clinical features, transmission, prevention, and treatment of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32316337, "pmcid": "PMC7216232", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic and the Crisis of Health Systems: The Experience of the Apulia Cancer Network and of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Istituto Tumori \"Giovanni Paolo II\" of Bari.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Silvestris, Nicola", "Moschetta, Antonio", "Paradiso, Angelo", "Delvino, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316337", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization declared a new disease caused by a novel virus characterized by rapid human-to-human transmission and named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronoavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) a pandemic. In terms of this ongoing international scenario, we report the situation in Apulia, a region of southern Italy that, as of April 2, has not yet been overwhelmed by this health emergency. In particular, we consider the care models that have been adopted, especially those that manage the requests of cancer patients."}, {"pmid": 32242830, "title": "Laboratory diagnostics within a modular hospital at the time of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Yusong, Liu", "Duanliang, Peng", "Jia, Yang", "Dunyan, Chen", "Hongbing, Jia", "Siyuan, Yu", "Huanhuan, Chen", "Juan, Zhao", "Lyurong, Liu"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242830", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of the so-called Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been spreading rapidly nationwide in China since December 2019. Wuhan, Hubei Province, is the hardest-hit region, with a rise in confirmed cases and its hospitals overwhelmed. On 2nd February, 2020, Wuhan began to build a modular hospital to treat patients caught with mild illness. The mobile modular hospital is mainly composed of medical modules, technical support modules, ward units, living support units and transportation capacity under field conditions, and there are complete equipment and specialized personnel to treat patients. Due to the severity and particularity of SARS-CoV-2, taking granted from lessons learnt from mobile modular hospitals, we use the existing large venues to construct a new fixed modular hospital. As patients need to be treated and tested, it is important to develop a clinical laboratory in the modular hospital and ensure biosafety. The construction of a clinical laboratory in the modular hospital is faced with problems such as time pressure, limited site selection, high level of biosafety, lack of experience and so forth. This paper mainly discusses how to construct the clinical laboratory in the modular hospital quickly and safely and put it into use to provide testing service for patients under various limited conditions."}, {"pmid": 32202002, "pmcid": "PMC7228338", "title": "Questions raised by COVID-19 case descriptions.", "journal": "J Paediatr Child Health", "authors": ["Britton, Philip N", "Marais, Ben J"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202002", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454983, "pmcid": "PMC7237800", "title": "Sterilization plan of the used metered dose inhalers (MDI) to avoid wastage amid COVID-19 pandemic drug shortage.", "journal": "J Pharm Policy Pract", "authors": ["Elbeddini, Ali"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454983", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background Coronavirus is causing a shortage of critical inhalers needed by patients with Asthma and respiratory illness. Patients with Asthma are at higher risk if they tract the novel Coronavirus. As the coronavirus continues to spread, hospitals are turning to use more salbutamol MDI. Salbutamol MDI has become the line of defence for physicians in the emergency room who are treating patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and have respiratory distress .[Hui et al 2020 ,and Center for Drug Evaluation and Research 2020] During the COVID pandemic, there has been a drastic increase in the use of MDI inhalers; therefore, it led to a decrease in availability and a break in the supply chain. Patients with Asthma are at higher risk if they tract the novel Coronavirus, and an inhaler could be a life or death for them. As the coronavirus continues to spread, hospitals are turning to use more salbutamol Metered Dose inhaler (MDI). Salbutamol MDI is now on short supply as the COVID-19 continues to spread. Salbutamol MDI has become the line of defence for physicians in the emergency room who are treating patients with COVID-19 and have respiratory distress. The current shortage of salbutamol MDI could be a result of stockpiling and hoarding of this life-saving inhaler. That had led to a critical shortage of Salbutamol MDI, and even the case shortage continues with some other alternatives such as Ipratropium MDI and even with long-acting B-agonists such as Salmeterol and Formoterol which also starting to have a limitation on ordering these agents. Coronavirus sparks fear of medication shortage. Coronavirus panic-buying also may have led to a shortage of critical inhalers. We have also got elderly patients with COPD who may need Ventolin MDI and also premature babies who may have caught Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and need salbutamol MDI to support their lungs have since been compromised, and they rely heavily on Asthma inhalers. Finding a safe and creative strategy is essential during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32369975, "title": "Time from Symptom Onset to Hospitalisation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Cases: Implications for the Proportion of Transmissions from Infectors with Few Symptoms.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Thompson, Robin N", "Lovell-Read, Francesca A", "Obolski, Uri"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369975", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Interventions targeting symptomatic hosts and their contacts were successful in bringing the 2003 SARS pandemic under control. In contrast, the COVID-19 pandemic has been harder to contain, partly because of its wide spectrum of symptoms in infectious hosts. Current evidence suggests that individuals can transmit the novel coronavirus while displaying few symptoms. Here, we show that the proportion of infections arising from hosts with few symptoms at the start of an outbreak can, in combination with the basic reproduction number, indicate whether or not interventions targeting symptomatic hosts are likely to be effective. However, as an outbreak continues, the proportion of infections arising from hosts with few symptoms changes in response to control measures. A high proportion of infections from hosts with few symptoms after the initial stages of an outbreak is only problematic if the rate of new infections remains high. Otherwise, it can simply indicate that symptomatic transmissions are being prevented successfully. This should be considered when interpreting estimates of the extent of transmission from hosts with few COVID-19 symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32314596, "title": "Challenges in Heart Transplantation in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["DeFilippis, Ersilia M", "Farr, Maryjane A", "Givertz, Michael M"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314596", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472672, "title": "What is the role of SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing in discontinuation of transmission-based precautions for COVID-19 patients?", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Abu Raya, Bahaa", "Goldfarb, David M", "Sadarangani, Manish"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472672", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255438, "title": "Evidence synthesis relevant to COVID-19: a protocol for multiple systematic reviews and overviews of systematic reviews.", "journal": "Medwave", "authors": ["Rada, Gabriel", "Verdugo-Paiva, Francisca", "Avila, Camila", "Morel-Marambio, Macarena", "Bravo-Jeria, Rocio", "Pesce, Franco", "Madrid, Eva", "Izcovich, Ariel"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255438", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The evidence on COVID-19 is being produced at high speed, so it is challenging for decision-makers to keep up. It seems appropriate, then, to put into practice a novel approach able to provide the scientific community and other interested parties with quality evidence that is actionable, and rapidly and efficiently produced. We designed a protocol for multiple parallel systematic reviews and overviews of systematic reviews in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P). We will search for primary studies and systematic reviews that answer different questions related to COVID-19 using both a centralized repository (Epistemonikos database) and a manual search in MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. We will also search for literature in several other sources. At least two researchers will independently undertake the selection of studies, data extraction, and assessment of the quality of the included studies. We will synthesize data for each question using meta-analysis, when possible, and we will prepare Summary of Findings tables according to the GRADE approach. All the evidence will be organized in an open platform (L\u00b7OVE - Living OVerview of Evidence) that will be continuously updated using artificial intelligence and a broad network of experts. No ethics approval is considered necessary. The results of these articles will be widely disseminated via peer-reviewed publications, social networks, and traditional media, and will be sent to relevant international organizations discussing this topic."}, {"pmid": 32420615, "title": "Dynamic relationship between D-dimer and COVID-19 severity.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Li, Yong", "Zhao, Kun", "Wei, Hongcheng", "Chen, Wensen", "Wang, Wei", "Jia, Ling", "Liu, Qiongfang", "Zhang, Jinpeng", "Shan, Tao", "Peng, Zhihang", "Liu, Yun", "Yan, Xiaoxiang"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420615", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466623, "title": "Discrepancy between Lung Function Measurements at Home and in the Hospital in Children with Asthma and CF.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Gerzon, Frederick L G R", "Jobsis, Quirijn", "Bannier, Michiel A G E", "Winkens, Bjorn", "Dompeling, Edward"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466623", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus pandemic stresses the importance of eHealth techniques to monitor patients at home. Home monitoring of lung function in asthma and cystic fibrosis (CF) may help to detect deterioration of lung function at an early stage, but the reliability is unclear. We investigated whether lung function measurements at home were comparable to measurements during clinical visits. We analysed prospectively collected data of two one-year observational cohort studies in 117 children (36 with CF and 81 with asthma). All patients performed forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) measurements with a monitor at home. Paired FEV1 measurements were included if the measurement on the home monitor was performed on the same day as the FEV1 measurement on the pneumotachometer during a two monthly clinical visit. Bland-Altman plots and linear mixed model analysis were used. The mean difference (home measurement was subtracted from clinical measurement) in FEV1 was 0.18 L in CF (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.08-0.27 L; p < 0.001) and 0.12 L in asthma (95%CI 0.05-0.19 L; p < 0.001). FEV1 measurements at home were significantly lower than clinically obtained FEV1 measurements, which has implications for the application of this technique in the daily clinical situation."}, {"pmid": 32451584, "pmcid": "PMC7246294", "title": "Transport of critically ill COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Yousuf, Beena", "Sujatha, Kandela Swancy", "Alfoudri, Huda", "Mansurov, Vladisalav"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451584", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305831, "pmcid": "PMC7141482", "title": "Flash survey on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infections in paediatric patients on anticancer treatment.", "journal": "Eur J Cancer", "authors": ["Hrusak, Ondrej", "Kalina, Tomas", "Wolf, Joshua", "Balduzzi, Adriana", "Provenzi, Massimo", "Rizzari, Carmelo", "Rives, Susana", "Del Pozo Carlavilla, Maria", "Alonso, Maria E V", "Dominguez-Pinilla, Nerea", "Bourquin, Jean-Pierre", "Schmiegelow, Kjeld", "Attarbaschi, Andishe", "Grillner, Pernilla", "Mellgren, Karin", "van der Werff Ten Bosch, Jutte", "Pieters, Rob", "Brozou, Triantafyllia", "Borkhardt, Arndt", "Escherich, Gabriele", "Lauten, Melchior", "Stanulla, Martin", "Smith, Owen", "Yeoh, Allen E J", "Elitzur, Sarah", "Vora, Ajay", "Li, Chi-Kong", "Ariffin, Hany", "Kolenova, Alexandra", "Dallapozza, Luciano", "Farah, Roula", "Lazic, Jelena", "Manabe, Atsushi", "Styczynski, Jan", "Kovacs, Gabor", "Ottoffy, Gabor", "Felice, Maria S", "Buldini, Barbara", "Conter, Valentino", "Stary, Jan", "Schrappe, Martin"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305831", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic, it is known that the severe course of the disease occurs mostly among the elderly, whereas it is rare among children and young adults. Comorbidities, in particular, diabetes and hypertension, clearly associated with age, besides obesity and smoke, are strongly associated with the need for intensive treatment and a dismal outcome. A weaker immunity of the elderly has been proposed as a possible explanation of this uneven age distribution. Thus, there is concern that children treated for cancer may allso be at risk for an unfavourable course of infection. Along the same line, anecdotal information from Wuhan, China, mentioned a severe course of COVID-19 in a child treated for leukaemia. We made a flash survey on COVID-19 incidence and severity among children on anticancer treatment. Respondents were asked by email to fill in a short Web-based survey. We received reports from 25 countries, where approximately 10,000 patients at risk are followed up. At the time of the survey, more than 200 of these children were tested, nine of whom were positive for COVID-19. Eight of the nine cases had asymptomatic to mild disease, and one was just diagnosed with COVID-19. We also discuss preventive measures that are in place or should be taken and treatment options in immunocompromised children with COVID-19. Thus, even children receiving anticancer chemotherapy may have a mild or asymptomatic course of COVID-19. While we should not underestimate the risk of developing a more severe course of COVID-19 than that observed here, the intensity of preventive measures should not cause delays or obstructions in oncological treatment."}, {"pmid": 32420947, "title": "Stop playing with data: there is no sound evidence that Bacille Calmette-Guerin may avoid SARS-CoV-2 infection (for now).", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Ricco, Matteo", "Gualerzi, Giovanni", "Ranzieri, Silvia", "Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420947", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic, a possible explanation for the high heterogeneity of infection/mortality rates across involved countries was hinted in the prevalence of tuberculosis vaccination with Bacille Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG). A systematic review was therefore performed on May 2, 2020. A total of 13 articles were ultimately retrieved, 12 of them as preprint papers. All articles were ecological studies of low quality. Most of them did not include main confounding factors (i.e. demographic of the assessed countries, share of peo- ple residing in urban settings, etc.), and simply assessed the differences among incidence/mortality of COVID-19 with vaccination rates or by having vs. having not any vaccination policy for BCG. Even though all studies shared the very same information sources (i.e. international registries for BCG vaccination rates and open source data for COVID-19 epidemics), results were conflicting, with later studies apparently denying any true correlation between COVID-19 occurrence and BCG vaccination rates and/or policies. As a consequence, there is no sound evidence to recommend BCG vaccination for the prevention of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32495335, "title": "[Nursing Education Strategies During the COVID-19 Epidemic].", "journal": "Hu Li Za Zhi", "authors": ["Hsieh, Hsin-Yu", "Hsu, Yu-Yun", "Ko, Nai-Ying", "Yen, Miaofen"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495335", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which arose at the end of 2019, poses a severe challenge to world public health systems. Frontline medical staffs bear a great burden to provide health care services. The Taiwan government has taken rapid and decisive actions to reduce the risk of community transmission and campus cluster infection. Nursing education includes both classroom teaching and clinical practicum components. In preparing for their practicum, students must learn not only fundamental nursing care knowledge but also basic knowledge on emerging infectious diseases. All schools nationwide have complied with the Ministry of Education order to postpone the opening of the fall semester in response to the rapid evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic. Campus epidemic prevention measures were implemented through student counseling networks, and flexible teaching strategies, including online teaching and distance teaching, were implemented to protect the learning rights of students. This paper explores the strategies implemented in response to emerging infectious diseases in nursing education based on the core values of professional nursing. Examining the precautions taken at campuses and teaching strategies adopted in response to the COVID 19 pandemic may provide valuable insights that may be applied to the future development of nursing education."}, {"pmid": 32426800, "title": "Starting a biologic therapy in IBD patients amidst COVID-19: hold, careful monitoring or testing?", "journal": "J Crohns Colitis", "authors": ["Zingone, Fabiana", "Buda, Andrea", "Savarino, Edoardo Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426800", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305080, "pmcid": "PMC7162627", "title": "COVID-19 in the USA: a question of time.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["The Lancet"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305080", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528194, "pmcid": "PMC7282440", "title": "Perspectives on repositioning chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of Covid-19.", "journal": "Sudan J Paediatr", "authors": ["Adeel, Ahmed Awad"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528194", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now spreading as a pandemic ravaging the whole world. In the absence of a vaccine and an effective antiviral chemotherapy, there is currently an intense global interest in repositioning chloroquine (CQ) and its derivative hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) to combat the pandemic. CQ has been used for decades for the treatment and prophylaxis against malaria in endemic countries. It is readily available and has also been manufactured in these countries. CQ is cheap, stable under field conditions and has been well tolerated as an antimalarial. This experience could be adapted to deploy CQ or HCQ for prophylaxis or treatment of COVID19 if strong evidence could be generated for these uses. We believe that well-designed drug trials should be initiated in malaria-endemic countries, taking into account the local context of the epidemic and the capacity of the health system in combating it. In this paper, we are presenting the current status of evidence for using CQ and HCQ against COVID19."}, {"pmid": 32362977, "pmcid": "PMC7188381", "title": "Abnormal Hemostatic Parameters and Risk of Thromboembolism Among Patients With COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "J Hematol", "authors": ["Castelli, Roberto", "Gidaro, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362977", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321904, "title": "Asymptomatic carriers of COVID-19 as a concern for disease prevention and control: more testing, more follow-up.", "journal": "Biosci Trends", "authors": ["Zhang, Jiao", "Wu, Shoucai", "Xu, Lingzhong"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321904", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Following a containment phase of two months, China has transitioned to the mitigation phase. However, China still faces the risk of COVID-19 spreading due to not only to sporadic new cases and imported cases but also asymptomatic carriers. According to daily reports from the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China from March 31, 2020 to April 7, 2020, the number of new asymptomatic cases reported daily greatly exceeded that of new imported cases. As of 24:00 on April 7, there were a total of 1,095 asymptomatic cases with COVID-19 under medical observation on the Chinese mainland, including 358 imported cases. A growing number of studies have indicated that asymptomatic carriers are infectious to an extent and can potentially transmit COVID-19. At present, China's measures for managing asymptomatic carriers are 14 days of centralized quarantine and observation; in principle, people with two consecutive negative nucleic acid tests (at an interval of at least 24 hours) can be released from quarantine. However, asymptomatic carriers will not be included in confirmed cases unless they develop clinical manifestations while in quarantine. As \"silent spreaders\", asymptomatic carriers warrant attention as part of disease prevention and control. The testing and follow-up of asymptomatic carriers should be expanded to include people in close contact with patients with confirmed COVID-19 and asymptomatic cases, clusters of outbreaks, and key areas and populations with a high risk of infection."}, {"pmid": 32468253, "pmcid": "PMC7255699", "title": "Does gallium-citrate have yet another story to tell? Lessons relevant to the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Zuckier, Lionel S", "Valdivia, Ana Y", "Zamora, Edgar"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468253", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487253, "pmcid": "PMC7264921", "title": "Timely rehabilitation for critical patients with COVID-19: another issue should not be ignored.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Wang, Zhen", "Wang, Zhongjing", "Sun, Ruixiang", "Wang, Xiaoye", "Gu, Shaofei", "Zhang, Xiancui", "Huang, Houbao"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487253", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496099, "title": "Analysis of the causes of moral injury in the outbreak of 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Mohsin, A K M", "Hongzhen, Lei", "Sume, Afroja Hossain", "Hussain, Mohammod Hridoy"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496099", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The infection of the novel coronavirus that originated from Wuhan, China in December 2019 converted rapidly into a pandemic by March 11, 2020. Whereas the infection mortality rate is not completely understood, it seems to be significantly beyond that of other recent pandemics (e.g., H1N1 pandemic). This paper discusses moral injury in the context of disaster and epidemic and how easily the moral psychology of individuals and society can be shaken. Moral injury is a multiscientific concept involving psychology, culture, and religion. Amid the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia, immoral behaviors and events such as violence, injury, and illness have also caused different degrees of impact on the moral standards of individuals, confusing moral cognition, destroying moral emotion, and weakening moral toughness, resulting in varying degrees of moral injury. If there is no national health, there will be no positive society for all. Based on this, the public needs to pay close attention to the moral health of the whole people and effectively avoid the occurrence of moral injury. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32530639, "title": "Wastewater-Based Epidemiology: Global Collaborative to Maximize Contributions in the Fight Against COVID-19.", "journal": "Environ Sci Technol", "authors": ["Bivins, Aaron", "North, Devin", "Ahmad, Arslan", "Ahmed, Warish", "Alm, Eric", "Been, Frederic", "Bhattacharya, Prosun", "Bijlsma, Lubertus", "Boehm, Alexandria B", "Brown, Joe", "Buttiglieri, Gianluigi", "Calabro, Vincenza", "Carducci, Annalaura", "Castiglioni, Sara", "Cetecioglu Gurol, Zeynep", "Chakraborty, Sudip", "Costa, Federico", "Curcio, Stefano", "de Los Reyes, Francis L 3rd", "Delgado Vela, Jeseth", "Farkas, Kata", "Fernandez-Casi, Xavier", "Gerba, Charles", "Gerrity, Daniel", "Girones, Rosina", "Gonzalez, Raul", "Haramoto, Eiji", "Harris, Angela", "Holden, Patricia A", "Islam, Md Tahmidul", "Jones, Davey L", "Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara", "Kitajima, Masaaki", "Kotlarz, Nadine", "Kumar, Manish", "Kuroda, Keisuke", "La Rosa, Giuseppina", "Malpei, Francesca", "Mautus, Mariana", "McLellan, Sandra L", "Medema, Gertjan", "Meschke, John Scott", "Mueller, Jochen", "Newton, Ryan J", "Nilsson, David", "Noble, Rachel T", "van Nuijs, Alexander", "Peccia, Jordan", "Perkins, T Alex", "Pickering, Amy J", "Rose, Joan", "Sanchez, Gloria", "Smith, Adam", "Stadler, Lauren", "Stauber, Christine", "Thomas, Kevin", "van der Voorn, Tom", "Wigginton, Krista", "Zhu, Kevin", "Bibby, Kyle"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530639", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462195, "title": "Clinical Evaluation and Utilization of Multiple Molecular In Vitro Diagnostic Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Am J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Cradic, Kendall", "Lockhart, Marie", "Ozbolt, Patrick", "Fatica, Lisa", "Landon, Lorie", "Lieber, Michael", "Yang, David", "Swickard, Juanita", "Wongchaowart, Nicholas", "Fuhrman, Susan", "Antonara, Stella"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462195", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the clinical performance of 3 molecular assays for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We used 184 nasopharyngeal swab specimens to compare Abbott ID NOW COVID-19 (Abbott ID NOW), DiaSorin Molecular Simplexa COVID-19 Direct (DiaSorin Simplexa), and Roche cobas 6800 SARS-CoV-2 (Roche cobas) assays. In a separate analysis, 3 specimens (nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, and nasal) were collected from 182 unique patients presenting to the emergency department with suspicion of coronavirus disease 2019 and were tested utilizing Abbott ID NOW. To further characterize each assay, relative limits of detection were evaluated utilizing positive nasopharyngeal patient samples. The positive percent agreement was 91% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76-0.97) for Abbott ID NOW and 100% (95% CI, 0.90-1.00) for DiaSorin Simplexa and Roche cobas. The negative percent agreement was 100% (95% CI, 0.98-1.00) for all 3 assays. All swab types tested with the Abbott assay produced concordant results. Polymerase chain reaction assays had approximately 10 to 100 times lower limits of detection than Abbott ID NOW. Based on these evaluations, a multiplatform testing approach is proposed, depending on patient population and assay sensitivity, to address testing needs during a public health emergency."}, {"pmid": 32061284, "pmcid": "PMC7133753", "title": "Africa prepares for coronavirus.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Makoni, Munyaradzi"], "date": "2020-02-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32061284", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347323, "pmcid": "PMC7186535", "title": "Facing COVID-19 in the ICU: vascular dysfunction, thrombosis, and dysregulated inflammation.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Leisman, Daniel E", "Deutschman, Clifford S", "Legrand, Matthieu"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347323", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234831, "title": "Covid-19: healthcare staff in hotspot areas are prioritised as testing expands.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234831", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278372, "pmcid": "PMC7146680", "title": "Offline: COVID-19-bewilderment and candour.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Horton, Richard"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278372", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518454, "pmcid": "PMC7269716", "title": "Race for a vaccine.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Arnold, Carrie"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518454", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the coronavirus pandemic getting worse, we are turning to new techniques to deliver a vaccine in record time. Can it be done, asks Carrie Arnold."}, {"pmid": 32369202, "pmcid": "PMC7267454", "title": "Pooling of nasopharyngeal swab specimens for SARS-CoV-2 detection by RT-PCR.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Torres, Ignacio", "Albert, Eliseo", "Navarro, David"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369202", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32411696, "pmcid": "PMC7206350", "title": "Ocular Pathology Recommendations during COVID-19 from the American Association of Ophthalmic Oncologists and Pathologists (AAOOP).", "journal": "Ocul Oncol Pathol", "authors": ["Chevez-Barrios, Patricia", "Milman, Tatyana", "Grossniklaus, Hans E", "Folberg, Robert", "Salomao, Diva Regina", "Gombos, Dan S"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411696", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359887, "pmcid": "PMC7177062", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 detection in the pericardial fluid of a patient with cardiac tamponade.", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Farina, Andrea", "Uccello, Giuseppe", "Spreafico, Marta", "Bassanelli, Giorgio", "Savonitto, Stefano"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359887", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32390097, "pmcid": "PMC7211559", "title": "Gastrointestinal cancer surgery and enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Langenbecks Arch Surg", "authors": ["Sica, G S", "Campanelli, Michela", "Bellato, V", "Monteleone, G"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390097", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454513, "title": "Human neutralizing antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Ju, Bin", "Zhang, Qi", "Ge, Jiwan", "Wang, Ruoke", "Sun, Jing", "Ge, Xiangyang", "Yu, Jiazhen", "Shan, Sisi", "Zhou, Bing", "Song, Shuo", "Tang, Xian", "Yu, Jinfang", "Lan, Jun", "Yuan, Jing", "Wang, Haiyan", "Zhao, Juanjuan", "Zhang, Shuye", "Wang, Youchun", "Shi, Xuanling", "Liu, Lei", "Zhao, Jincun", "Wang, Xinquan", "Zhang, Zheng", "Zhang, Linqi"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454513", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emerging coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic presents a global health emergency in urgent need of interventions1-3. SARS-CoV-2 entry into the target cells depends on binding between the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral Spike protein and the ACE2 cell receptor2,4-6. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of 206 RBD-specific monoclonal antibodies derived from single B cells of eight SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. We identified antibodies with potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralization activity that correlates with their competitive capacity with ACE2 for RBD binding. Surprisingly, neither the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies nor the infected plasma cross-reacted with SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV RBDs, although substantial plasma cross-reactivity to their trimeric Spike proteins was found. Crystal structure analysis of RBD-bound antibody revealed steric hindrance that inhibits viral engagement with ACE2 and thereby blocks viral entry. These findings suggest that anti-RBD antibodies are viral species-specific inhibitors. The antibodies identified here may be candidates for the development of SARS-CoV-2 clinical interventions."}, {"pmid": 32409735, "title": "Ensuring continuity of care for children with inherited metabolic diseases at the time of COVID-19: the experience of a metabolic unit in Italy.", "journal": "Genet Med", "authors": ["Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola", "Fecarotta, Simona", "Staiano, Annamaria", "Strisciuglio, Pietro", "Parenti, Giancarlo"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409735", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369624, "title": "COVID-19 Hangover: A Rising Tide of Alcohol Use Disorder and Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease.", "journal": "Hepatology", "authors": ["Da, Ben L", "Im, Gene Y", "Schiano, Thomas D"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369624", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a tremendous global impact since it began in November of 2019. However, there are concerns that the COVID-19 pandemic will not affect all equally and some populations will be particularly vulnerable. Relevant to liver disease, patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) may be amongst the populations that are the most severely impacted. The reasons for this include being at a higher risk of severe COVID-19 infection due to a depressed immune system and high-risk underlying comorbidities, the injurious effect of COVID-19 on the liver, the inability to attend regular visits with providers, diversion of hospital resources, and social isolation leading to psychological decompensation and increased drinking or relapse. As a result, we fear that there will be a dramatic rising tide of alcohol relapse, admissions for decompensated ALD, and an increase in newly diagnosed patients with AUD/ALD post-COVID-19 pandemic. Providers and their institutions should implement pre-emptive strategies such as telehealth and aggressive patient outreach programs now to curb this anticipated problem. Liver transplantation (LT) centers should adapt to the pandemic by considering leniency to some LT candidates with ALD who cannot access appropriate alcohol treatment due to the current situation. In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic will likely be especially detrimental to patients with AUD/ALD and actions need to be taken now to limit the scope of this anticipated problem."}, {"pmid": 32367899, "pmcid": "PMC7196396", "title": "Mortality threats and technology effects on tourism.", "journal": "Ann Tour Res", "authors": ["Nanni, Anastasia", "Ulqinaku, Aulona"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367899", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2022Investigates people's responses to tourism during Covid-19 lockdown\u2022Uses an experimental approach in tourism\u2022Investigates preference for innovative touristic virtual tours in relation to threat and self-esteem\u2022Combines research in psychology (Terror Management Theory) with that in tourism\u2022Discusses practical and research implications and future research avenues for tourism research."}, {"pmid": 32327876, "pmcid": "PMC7168474", "title": "CORONAVIRUS COVID-19 ROILS DISPLAY SUPPLY CHAIN.", "journal": "Inf Disp (1975)", "authors": ["Dickson, Glen"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327876", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458382, "pmcid": "PMC7250284", "title": "\"The storm has arrived\": the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on medical students.", "journal": "Perspect Med Educ", "authors": ["Klasen, Jennifer M", "Vithyapathy, Akschaya", "Zante, Bjoern", "Burm, Sarah"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458382", "countries": ["Switzerland", "Canada", "Austria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a\u00a0few weeks, the global community has witnessed, and for some of us experienced first-hand, the human costs of the COVID-19 pandemic. There is incredible variability in how countries are choosing to thwart the disease's outbreak, sparking intense discussions around what it means to teach and learn in the era of COVID-19, and more specifically, the role medical students play in the midst of the pandemic. A\u00a0multi-national and multi-institutional group made up of a\u00a0dedicated medical student from Austria, passionate clinicians and educators from Switzerland, and a\u00a0PhD scientist involved in Medical Education from Canada, have assembled to summarize the ingenious ways medical students around the world are contributing to emergency efforts. They argue that such efforts change COVID-19 from a\u00a0\"disruption\" to medical students learning to something more tangible, more important, allowing students to become stakeholders in the expansion and delivery of healthcare."}, {"pmid": 32510339, "title": "Homogeneous circle-to-circle amplification for real-time optomagnetic detection of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp coding sequence.", "journal": "Biosens Bioelectron", "authors": ["Tian, Bo", "Gao, Fei", "Fock, Jeppe", "Dufva, Martin", "Hansen, Mikkel Fougt"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510339", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Circle-to-circle amplification (C2CA) is a specific and precise cascade nucleic acid amplification method consisting of more than one round of padlock probe ligation and rolling circle amplification (RCA). Although C2CA provides a high amplification efficiency with a negligible increase of false-positive risk, it contains several step-by-step operation processes. We herein demonstrate a homogeneous and isothermal nucleic acid quantification strategy based on C2CA and optomagnetic analysis of magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) assembly. The proposed homogeneous circle-to-circle amplification eliminates the need for additional monomerization and ligation steps after the first round of RCA, and combines two amplification rounds in a one-pot reaction. The second round of RCA produces amplicon coils that anneal to detection probes grafted onto MNPs, resulting in MNP assembly that can be detected in real-time using an optomagnetic sensor. The proposed methodology was applied for the detection of a synthetic complementary DNA of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, also known as 2019-nCoV) RdRp (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) coding sequence, achieving a detection limit of 0.4\u00a0fM with a dynamic detection range of 3 orders of magnitude and a total assay time of ca. 100 min. A mathematical model was set up and validated to predict the assay performance. Moreover, the proposed method was specific to distinguish SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 sequences with high similarity."}, {"pmid": 32382315, "pmcid": "PMC7203038", "title": "Can graphene take part in the fight against COVID-19?", "journal": "Nano Today", "authors": ["Palmieri, V", "Papi, M"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382315", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pneumonia outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a global issue. The bidimensional material graphene has captured much attention due to promising antimicrobial applications and has also demonstrated antiviral efficacy. In response to this global outbreak, we summarized the current state of knowledge of graphene and virus interaction as well as possible successful applications to fight COVID-19. Antibody-conjugated graphene sheets can rapidly detect targeted virus proteins and can be useful for large population screening, but also for the development of environmental sensors and filters, given the low cost of graphene materials. The functionalized graphene has demonstrated a good viral capture capacity that, combined with heat or light-mediated inactivation, could be used as a disinfectant. Graphene sensors arrays can be implemented on standard utility textiles and drug efficacy screening. Thanks to its high versatility, we foresee that graphene may have a leading role in the fight against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32488724, "pmcid": "PMC7265876", "title": "Endocrine complications of COVID-19: what happens to the thyroid and adrenal glands?", "journal": "J Endocrinol Invest", "authors": ["Bellastella, G", "Maiorino, M I", "Esposito, K"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488724", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376397, "pmcid": "PMC7252097", "title": "Seven recommendations to rescue the patients and reduce the mortality from COVID-19 infection: An immunological point of view.", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Kronbichler, Andreas", "Effenberger, Maria", "Eisenhut, Michael", "Lee, Keum Hwa", "Shin, Jae Il"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376397", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Now COVID-19 is causing a severe public health emergency and the mortality is rapidly increasing all over the world. In the current pandemic era, although there have been many efforts to diagnose a number of patients with symptoms or close contacts, there is no definite guideline for the initial therapeutic approach for them and therefore, many patients have been dying due to a hyperinflammatory immunological reaction labeled as \"cytokine storm\". Severe patients are hospitalized and the treatment is done, though they have not been established yet. Currently, however, no treatment is provided for those who are isolated at home or shelter until they get severe symptoms, which will increase the harms to the patients. In this review, we discuss some important points dedicated to the management of patients with COVID-19, which should help reducing morbidity and mortality. In this era, we suggest 7 recommendations to rescue the patients and to reduce the morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19 based on the immunological point of view."}, {"pmid": 32497253, "title": "Living with HIV in the time of COVID-19: A glimpse of hope.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Adadi, Parise", "Kanwugu, Osman N"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497253", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426090, "pmcid": "PMC7229954", "title": "COVID-19, asthma, and biologic therapies: What we need to know.", "journal": "World Allergy Organ J", "authors": ["Morais-Almeida, Mario", "Aguiar, Rita", "Martin, Bryan", "Ansotegui, Ignacio J", "Ebisawa, Motohiro", "Arruda, L Karla", "Caminati, Marco", "Canonica, Giorgio Walter", "Carr, Tara", "Chupp, Geoffrey", "Corren, Jonathan", "Davila, Ignacio", "Park, Hae-Sim", "Hanania, Nicola A", "Rosenwasser, Lanny", "Sanchez-Borges, Mario", "Virchow, J Christian", "Yanez, Anahi", "Bernstein, Jonathan A", "Caraballo, Luis", "Chang, Yoon-Seok", "Chikhladze, Manana", "Fiocchi, Alessandro", "Gonzalez-Diaz, Sandra N", "Tanno, Luciana Kase", "Levin, Michael", "Ortega-Martell, Jose Antonio", "Passalacqua, Giovanni", "Peden, David B", "Rouadi, Philip W", "Sublett, James L", "Wong, Gary W K", "Bleecker, Eugene R"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426090", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Managing patients with severe asthma during the coronavirus pandemic COVID-19 is a challenge. Authorities and physicians are still learning how COVID-19 affects people with underlying diseases, and severe asthma is not an exception. Unless relevant data emerges that changes our understanding of the relative safety of medications indicated in patients with asthma during this pandemic, clinicians must follow the recommendations of current evidence-based guidelines, preventing loss of control and exacerbations. Also, with the absence of data that would indicate any potential harm, current advice is to continue the administration of biologic agents during the COVID-19 pandemic in patients with asthma for whom such agents are clearly indicated and have been effective. For the patients with severe asthma infected by SARS-CoV-2, the decision to maintain or postpone biologic therapy until the patient recovers should be a case-by-case based decision supported by a multidisciplinary team. A registry of cases of COVID-19 in patients with severe asthma, including those treated with biologics, will help to address a clinical challenge where we have more questions than answers."}, {"pmid": 32302000, "pmcid": "PMC7184358", "title": "The duration of viral shedding of discharged patients with severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhou, Bo", "She, Jianqing", "Wang, Yadan", "Ma, Xiancang"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302000", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has drawn global intensive attention1-3. Most of studies paid attention to epidemiological, clinical, and radiological features of inpatients with COVID-191-3. However, little studies have focused on clinical characteristics of discharged patients with severe COVID-19, especially the duration of viral shedding."}, {"pmid": 32453889, "title": "Haemoglobin Oxygen Affinity in Patients with Severe COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Daniel, Y", "Hunt, B J", "Retter, A", "Henderson, K", "Wilson, S", "Sharpe, C C", "Shattock, M J"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453889", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During critical care, at least until the late stage of the disease, severely ill COVID-19 patients may have relatively well preserved lung compliance but remain severely hypoxaemic. A recent theoretical study suggested a direct interaction between COVID-19 viral proteins and haemoglobin (Hb) that could lead to a loss of oxygen carrying capacity. As national guidelines strongly support a restrictive transfusion strategy in the critically ill, any right-shift in the Hb O2 affinity curve could contribute to the hypoxaemia and be potentially harmful. We have measured Hb O2 affinity curves from severely ill COVID-19 patients and, in comparison to age- and sex-matched controls, find no evidence for a shift in O2 affinity that would support any change in clinical management."}, {"pmid": 32489931, "pmcid": "PMC7242288", "title": "Early minimal lesions of COVID-19 pneumonia with interstitial lung abnormality: a case description.", "journal": "Quant Imaging Med Surg", "authors": ["Lei, Shaoyang", "Wu, Yanhui", "Dong, Chunjiao", "Xing, Weihong", "Chen, Yingmin", "Jia, Xiuchuan", "Liu, Ronghui", "Wang, Lianqing", "Ye, Yufang", "Zhang, Shuqian"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489931", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504943, "pmcid": "PMC7239002", "title": "The utility of beta-2-microglobulin testing as a human cellular control in COVID-19 testing.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Davies, Emma", "Whitfield, Tom", "Machin, Nicholas", "Ahmad, Shazaad"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504943", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348620, "pmcid": "PMC7267577", "title": "Ambulatory management of perianal Crohn's disease during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Colorectal Dis", "authors": ["Divizia, A", "Sensi, B", "Sica, G S"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348620", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241762, "title": "Covid-19: Can France's ethical support units help doctors make challenging decisions?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Arie, Sophie"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241762", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356910, "pmcid": "PMC7267113", "title": "Convalescent plasma transfusion for the treatment of COVID-19: Systematic review.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Rajendran, Karthick", "Krishnasamy, Narayanasamy", "Rangarajan, Jayanthi", "Rathinam, Jeyalalitha", "Natarajan, Murugan", "Ramachandran, Arunkumar"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356910", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has reassessed the usefulness of historic convalescent plasma transfusion (CPT). This review was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of CPT therapy in COVID-19 patients based on the publications reported till date. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review on convalescent plasma on clinically relevant outcomes in individuals with COVID-19. PubMed, EMBASE, and Medline databases were searched upto 19 April 2020. All records were screened as per the protocol eligibility criteria. We included five studies reporting CPT to COVID-19 patients. The main findings from available data are as follows: (a) Convalescent plasma may reduce mortality in critically ill patients, (b) Increase in neutralizing antibody titers and disappearance of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was observed in almost all the patients after CPT therapy, and (c) Beneficial effect on clinical symptoms after administration of convalescent plasma. Based on the limited scientific data, CPT therapy in COVID-19 patients appears safe, clinically effective, and reduces mortality. Well-designed large multicenter clinical trial studies should be conducted urgently to establish the efficacy of CPT to COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32270880, "pmcid": "PMC7262345", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and decrease in blood donation: experience of Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO).", "journal": "Vox Sang", "authors": ["Mohammadi, Saeed", "Tabatabaei Yazdi, Seyed Morteza", "Eshghi, Peyman", "Norooznezhad, Amir Hossein"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270880", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267243, "title": "Health risks and potential remedies during prolonged lockdowns for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Diagnosis (Berl)", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Henry, Brandon M", "Bovo, Chiara", "Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267243", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues, an increasing number of countries and territories are adopting restrictive measures based on physical (\"social\") distancing, aimed at preventing human-to-human transmission and thereby limiting virus propagation. Nationwide lockdowns, encompassing mass quarantine under stay-at-home ordinances, have already been proven effective to contain the COVID-19 outbreak in some countries. Nevertheless, a prolonged homestay may also be associated with potential side effects, which may jeopardize people's health and thus must be recognized and mitigated in a way without violating local ordinances. Some of the most important undesirable consequences of prolonged homestay such as physical inactivity, weight gain, behavioral addiction disorders, insufficient sunlight exposure and social isolation will be critically addressed in this article, which also aims to provide some tentative recommendations for the alleviation of side effects."}, {"pmid": 32410723, "title": "Peribronchial Consolidation with Surrounding Ground-Glass Opacity in COVID-19 Pneumonia: 3D Reconstruction of a Chest Computed Tomography.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Cellina, Michaela", "Orsi, Marcello A"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410723", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Peribronchial Consolidation with Surrounding Ground-Glass Opacity in COVID-19 Pneumonia: 3D Reconstruction of a Chest Computed Tomography."}, {"pmid": 32360495, "pmcid": "PMC7189863", "title": "When the Game Changes: Guidance to Adjust Sarcoidosis Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Sweiss, Nadera J", "Korsten, Peter", "Syed, Huzaefah", "Syed, Aamer", "Baughman, Robert P", "Yee, Arthur M F", "Culver, Daniel A", "Sosenko, Teresa", "Azuma, Arata", "Bonella, Francesco", "Costabel, Ulrich", "Drake, Wonder P", "Drent, Marjolein", "Lower, Elyse E", "Israel-Biet, Dominique", "Mostard, Remy L M", "Nunes, Hilario", "Rottoli, Paola", "Spagnolo, Paolo", "Wells, Athol U", "Wuyts, Wim A", "Judson, Marc A"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360495", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405411, "pmcid": "PMC7217801", "title": "Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection: What a doctor on the frontline needs to know.", "journal": "Ann Med Surg (Lond)", "authors": ["Down, Billy", "Kulkarni, Sagar", "Ahmed Khan, Ameer Hamid", "Barker, Benjamin", "Tang, Ivan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405411", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a zoonotic respiratory infection originating from Wuhan, China. Rapidly spreading from Wuhan to all inhabited continents of the world, the World Health Organisation declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2019. Infected patients present with fever and cough; radiological features include bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray and computed tomography scanning. Management is supportive with oxygen supplementation, broad-spectrum antibiotics as well as careful fluid balancing. A number of drugs, both new and old, are currently in clinical trials and being used on an experimental basis in clinical practice. The COVID-19 pandemic is the greatest worldwide public health crisis of a generation, and has led to seismic political, economic and social changes. This review provides an overview of COVID-19 for junior doctors who find themselves on a new frontline of healthcare."}, {"pmid": 32330900, "pmcid": "PMC7179965", "title": "Editorial. COVID-19 and neurosurgical practice: an interim report.", "journal": "J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Amin-Hanjani, Sepideh", "Bambakidis, Nicholas C", "Barker, Fred G", "Carter, Bob S", "Cockroft, Kevin M", "Du, Rose", "Fraser, Justin F", "Hamilton, Mark G", "Huang, Judy", "Jane, John A", "Jensen, Randy L", "Kaplitt, Michael G", "Kaufmann, Anthony M", "Pilitsis, Julie G", "Riina, Howard A", "Schulder, Michael", "Vogelbaum, Michael A", "Yang, Lynda J S", "Zada, Gabriel"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330900", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371146, "pmcid": "PMC7195013", "title": "COVID-19 and Educational Engagement.", "journal": "J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Carlson, Eric R"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371146", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32322891, "pmcid": "PMC7188174", "title": "Double-Edged Spike-Are SARS-CoV-2 Serologic Tests Safe Right Now?", "journal": "Lab Med", "authors": ["Torres, Richard", "Rinder, Henry M"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322891", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461235, "title": "Guillain-Barre syndrome related to SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm", "authors": ["Bigaut, Kevin", "Mallaret, Martial", "Baloglu, Seyyid", "Nemoz, Benjamin", "Morand, Patrice", "Baicry, Florent", "Godon, Alexandre", "Voulleminot, Paul", "Kremer, Laurent", "Chanson, Jean-Baptiste", "de Seze, Jerome"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461235", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425303, "pmcid": "PMC7229719", "title": "Bioactive compounds with possible inhibitory activity of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-II; a gate to manage and prevent COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Dabaghian, Farid", "Khanavi, Mahnaz", "Zarshenas, Mohammad M"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425303", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439389, "pmcid": "PMC7234933", "title": "Clinical Characteristics of 46 Pregnant Women with a SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Washington State.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Lokken, Erica M", "Walker, Christie L", "Delaney, Shani", "Kachikis, Alisa", "Kretzer, Nicole M", "Erickson, Anne", "Resnick, Rebecca", "Vanderhoeven, Jeroen", "Hwang, Joseph K", "Barnhart, Nena", "Rah, Jasmine", "Mccartney, Stephen A", "Ma, Kimberly K", "Huebner, Emily M", "Thomas, Chad", "Sheng, Jessica S", "Paek, Bettina W", "Retzlaff, Kristin", "Kline, Carolyn R", "Munson, Jeff", "Blain, Michela", "Lacourse, Sylvia M", "Deutsch, Gail", "Adams Waldorf, Kristina"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439389", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) on pregnant women is incompletely understood, but early data from case series suggest a variable course of illness from asymptomatic or mild disease to maternal death. It is unclear whether pregnant women manifest enhanced disease similar to influenza viral infection or whether specific risk factors might predispose to severe disease. To describe maternal disease and obstetrical outcomes associated with Covid-19 disease in pregnancy to rapidly inform clinical care. Retrospective study of pregnant patients with a laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection from six hospital systems in Washington State between January 21, 2020 and April 17, 2020. Demographics, medical and obstetric history, and Covid-19 encounter data were abstracted from medical records. A total of 46 pregnant patients with a SARS-CoV-2 infection were identified from hospital systems capturing 40% of births in Washington State. Nearly all pregnant individuals with a SARS-CoV-2 infection were symptomatic (93.5%, n=43) and the majority were in their second or third trimester (43.5%, n=20 and 50.0%, n=23, respectively). Symptoms resolved in a median of 24 days (interquartile range 13-37). Seven women were hospitalized (16%) including one admitted to the intensive care unit. Six cases (15%) were categorized as severe Covid-19 disease with nearly all patients being either overweight or obese prior to pregnancy, asthma or other co-morbidities. Eight deliveries occurred during the study period, including a preterm birth at 33 weeks to improve pulmonary status in a woman with Class III obesity. One stillbirth occurred of unknown etiology. Nearly 15% of pregnant patients developed severe Covid-19, which occurred primarily in overweight or obese women with underlying conditions. Obesity and Covid-19 may synergistically increase risk for a medically-indicated preterm birth to improve maternal pulmonary status in late pregnancy. Collectively, these findings support categorizing pregnant patients as a higher risk group, particularly for those with chronic co-morbidities."}, {"pmid": 32354734, "title": "Palliative care in the context of a pandemic: similar but different.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Davies, Andrew", "Hayes, Jo"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354734", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Palliative care is an important component of the medical response to pandemics and other health emergencies. The principles of palliative care do not change, but the practice of palliative care has to change as a result of factors such as greater demand and infection control measures. This article makes suggestions for palliative care provision during a pandemic (in developed countries), based on a limited review of the literature and personal experience of the ongoing pandemic (COVID-19 infection)."}, {"pmid": 32425206, "pmcid": "PMC7233229", "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: Setting the Mental Health Research Agenda.", "journal": "Biol Psychiatry", "authors": ["Gordon, Joshua A", "Borja, Susan E"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425206", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32162476, "title": "Diabetes and COVID-19.", "journal": "J Diabetes", "authors": ["Bloomgarden, Zachary T"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32162476", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32440985, "pmcid": "PMC7241066", "title": "Switch from oral anticoagulants to parenteral heparin in SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized patients: comment.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Allione, Attilio", "Giamello, Jacopo Davide", "Paglietta, Giulia", "Bernardi, Sara", "Cavalot, Giulia"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440985", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321207, "title": "Exercise in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Aust J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Fallon, Kieran"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321207", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has restricted the physical activity of the population, but maintaining exercise could reduce the risk of contracting the infection itself and mitigate the effects of quarantine."}, {"pmid": 32524708, "title": "Reactivation of COVID-19 - 14 days from the onset of symptoms may not be enough to allow dental treatment.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Tarakji, Bassel", "Nassani, Mohammad Zakaria"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524708", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global health disaster (Phelan et al., 2020). On the level of dental practice, the risk of cross infection between infected patients and dental professionals is quite alarming. The current recommendations suggest that dental treatment of patients with suspected/confirmed coronavirus disease should be postponed for at least 14 days from the onset of symptoms (Peng et al., 2020)."}, {"pmid": 32330458, "pmcid": "PMC7173814", "title": "Effect of changing case definitions for COVID-19 on the epidemic curve and transmission parameters in mainland China: a modelling study.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Tsang, Tim K", "Wu, Peng", "Lin, Yun", "Lau, Eric H Y", "Leung, Gabriel M", "Cowling, Benjamin J"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330458", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "When a new infectious disease emerges, appropriate case definitions are important for clinical diagnosis and for public health surveillance. Tracking case numbers over time is important to establish the speed of spread and the effectiveness of interventions. We aimed to assess whether changes in case definitions affected inferences on the transmission dynamics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. We examined changes in the case definition for COVID-19 in mainland China during the first epidemic wave. We used exponential growth models to estimate how changes in the case definitions affected the number of cases reported each day. We then inferred how the epidemic curve would have appeared if the same case definition had been used throughout the epidemic. From Jan 15 to March 3, 2020, seven versions of the case definition for COVID-19 were issued by the National Health Commission in China. We estimated that when the case definitions were changed, the proportion of infections being detected as cases increased by 7\u00b71 times (95% credible interval [CrI] 4\u00b78-10\u00b79) from version 1 to 2, 2\u00b78 times (1\u00b79-4\u00b72) from version 2 to 4, and 4\u00b72 times (2\u00b76-7\u00b73) from version 4 to 5. If the fifth version of the case definition had been applied throughout the outbreak with sufficient testing capacity, we estimated that by Feb 20, 2020, there would have been 232\u2008000 (95% CrI 161\u2008000-359\u2008000) confirmed cases in China as opposed to the 55\u2008508 confirmed cases reported. The case definition was initially narrow and was gradually broadened to allow detection of more cases as knowledge increased, particularly milder cases and those without epidemiological links to Wuhan, China, or other known cases. These changes should be taken into account when making inferences on epidemic growth rates and doubling times, and therefore on the reproductive number, to avoid bias. Health and Medical Research Fund, Hong Kong."}, {"pmid": 32395933, "title": "COVID-19, a graphic account.", "journal": "Emergencias", "authors": ["Simon Abadia, Carlos"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395933", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502827, "pmcid": "PMC7255281", "title": "COVID 19 related Psychosis as an interface of fears, socio-cultural issues and vulnerability- case report of two women from India.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Chandra, Prabha S", "Shiva, Lakshmi", "Nagendrappa, Sachin", "Ganjekar, Sundarnag", "Thippeswamy, Harish"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502827", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416330, "pmcid": "PMC7205685", "title": "A fine balance: Immunosuppression and immunotherapy in a patient with multiple sclerosis and COVID-19.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Valencia-Sanchez, Cristina", "Wingerchuk, Dean M"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416330", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Treatment decisions in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are challenging. It is not known whether and how various disease modifying therapies, especially immunosuppressive drugs, affect COVID-19 risk and disease course. Case report RESULTS: We report a fingolimod-treated MS patient who developed severe COVID-19 but recovered after treatment with tocilizumab. This report suggests that a brief course of tocilizumab for the treatment of severe COVID-19 may be effective while not aggravating pre-existing MS."}, {"pmid": 32279655, "title": "Can Hepatitis A Vaccine Provide Protection Against COVID-19?", "journal": "Exp Clin Transplant", "authors": ["Sarialioglu, Faik", "Belen Apak, Fatma Burcu", "Haberal, Mehmet"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279655", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404666, "pmcid": "PMC7268857", "title": "Prehabilitation Telemedicine in Neoadjuvant Surgical Oncology Patients During the Novel COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Sell, Naomi M", "Silver, Julie K", "Rando, Stephanie", "Draviam, Ashley C", "Mina, Daniel Santa", "Qadan, Motaz"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404666", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32193883, "title": "CT appearance of severe, laboratory-proven coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a Caucasian patient in Berlin, Germany.", "journal": "Rofo", "authors": ["Gross, Alexander", "Thiemig, Dorina", "Koch, Franz-Wilhelm", "Schwarz, Martin", "Glaser, Sven", "Albrecht, Thomas"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32193883", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398212, "title": "New diseases and old threats: lessons from tuberculosis for the COVID-19 response.", "journal": "Int J Tuberc Lung Dis", "authors": ["Dara, M", "Sotgiu, G", "Reichler, M R", "Chiang, C-Y", "Chee, C B E", "Migliori, G B"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398212", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344307, "pmcid": "PMC7177147", "title": "COVID-19 type III hypersensitivity reaction.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Mutar Mahdi, Batool"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344307", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439200, "pmcid": "PMC7205675", "title": "Vitamin C and coronavirus.", "journal": "Geriatr Nurs", "authors": ["Simonson, William"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439200", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220590, "pmcid": "PMC7118448", "title": "Physical exercise as therapy to fight against the mental and physical consequences of COVID-19 quarantine: Special focus in older people.", "journal": "Prog Cardiovasc Dis", "authors": ["Jimenez-Pavon, David", "Carbonell-Baeza, Ana", "Lavie, Carl J"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220590", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362920, "pmcid": "PMC7189267", "title": "Armarium facilitating angina management post myocardial infarction concomitant with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "J Geriatr Cardiol", "authors": ["Cai, Xiao-Qing", "Jiao, Pi-Qi", "Wu, Tao", "Chen, Fu-Ming", "Han, Bao-Shi", "Zhang, Jiu-Cong", "Xiao, Yong-Jiu", "Chen, Zhi-Feng", "Li, Jun", "Zhao, Yu-Ying", "Ma, Ling", "Liu, Yan", "Shi, Ya-Jun", "Dai, Pei-Jun", "Chen, Yun-Dai"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362920", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271978, "pmcid": "PMC7262270", "title": "Commentary: Challenges for PhD students during COVID-19 pandemic: Turning crisis into an opportunity.", "journal": "Biochem Mol Biol Educ", "authors": ["Aydemir, Duygu", "Ulusu, Nuriye N"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271978", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 results in the suspension of life all over the world. Universities suspended their academic activities except for online courses for undergrad and grad students. However, PhD students in both biochemistry and molecular biology fields must hold their experiments at the laboratories. Even under these extreme circumstances, the academic journey of a master's or PhD student should not be stopped; on contrary, they need to use these times to improve their knowledge related to their fields. Therefore, they can turn this COVID-19 crisis into an opportunity for themselves."}, {"pmid": 32391676, "title": "[Follow-up testing of viral nucleic acid in discharged patients with moderate type of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Li, Youjiang", "Hu, Yingying", "Zhang, Xiaodong", "Yu, Yuanyuan", "Li, Bin", "Wu, Jianguo", "Wu, Yingping", "Xia, Xiaoping", "Xu, Jian"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391676", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the clinical outcome of patients with moderate type of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) after discharge by retesting viral nucleic acid. Seven patients with moderate COVID-19 met the discharge criteria enacted by National Health Commission were quarantined in hospital for 7 days, then continuously quarantined at home for 4 weeks after discharged. During the quarantined period, the symptoms and signs were documented, and sputum or nasal swab and feces samples were collected to test SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid by RT-PCR method. There was no symptoms and signs during the quarantine period in all 7 patients. However, respiratory swabs from 3 patients were confirmed positive of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid at 5 to 7 days after they met the discharge criteria. There is a relatively high incidence of positive viral nucleic acid in patients met the discharge criteria, and it is suggested that patients met the current discharge criteria should be quarantined in hospital for another 7 days and the follow-up viral testing is necessary."}, {"pmid": 32473047, "title": "COVID 19 and Ethnicity: Spot light on the global rheumatology issues in developing and developed countries.", "journal": "Int J Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Moorthy, Arumugam", "Dubey, Shirish", "Samanta, Ash", "Adebajo, Ade", "Aggarwal, Amita", "Jain, Avinash", "Jain, Nibha", "Lim, S Sam", "Kerr, Gail S", "Kumar, Kanta"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473047", "countries": ["United States", "India", "United Kingdom", "China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A key issue in the response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the internationally recognised observation that COVID-19 disproportionally affects the Black and Minority Ethnic Population (BAME) (1). We focus predominantly on the countries of the UK, USA, and India COVID-19 rheumatology challenges and examples. This unprecedented public health crisis started in China in Dec 2019, following an infection caused by a novel coronavirus strain, named as SARS-CoV2 (2). The World Health Organisation in March 2020 declared this public health emergency as a pandemic (2). COVID-19 pandemic has moved from country to country peaking at different times despite implementation of strict preventive measures, including complete lock down periods with varied success. Case fatality and mortality rates have been highly variable across nations as well as different ethnic groups (3)."}, {"pmid": 32160942, "title": "Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak: Now is the time to refresh pandemic plans.", "journal": "J Bus Contin Emer Plan", "authors": ["Koonin, Lisa M"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32160942", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article outlines practical steps that businesses can take now to prepare for a pandemic. Given the current growing spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) around the world, it is imperative that businesses review their pandemic plans and be prepared in case this epidemic expands and affects more people and communities. Preparing for a potential infectious disease pandemic from influenza or a novel corona virus is an essential component of a business continuity plan, especially for businesses that provide critical healthcare and infrastructure services. Although many businesses and organisations have a pandemic plan or address pandemic preparedness in their business continuity plans, few have recently tested and updated their plans. Pandemics can not only interrupt an organisation's operations and compromise long-term viability of an enterprise, but also disrupt the provision of critical functions. Businesses that regularly test and update their pandemic plan can significantly reduce harmful impacts to the business, play a key role in protecting employees' and customers' health and safety, and limit the negative impact of a pandemic on the community and economy."}, {"pmid": 32426071, "pmcid": "PMC7233201", "title": "Online Neuroanatomy Education and Its Role During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Lockdown.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Hall, Samuel", "Border, Scott"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426071", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32279977, "pmcid": "PMC7118658", "title": "What We Know So Far (As of March 26, 2020) About COVID-19-An MRT Point of View.", "journal": "J Med Imaging Radiat Sci", "authors": ["Huang, Shao Hui"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279977", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447297, "title": "Adaptations and modifications in the technique of laparoscopic hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Gynecol Cancer", "authors": ["Saadi, Jose Martin", "Cortez, Juan Pablo Segundo", "Noll, Florencia", "Brown, Justina Paula", "Bolano, Lucrecia"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447297", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277970, "pmcid": "PMC7141644", "title": "Strategies to trace back the origin of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zhang, Xu", "Chen, Xiaoyuan", "Zhang, Zhipeng", "Roy, Ayan", "Shen, Yongyi"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277970", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379079, "pmcid": "PMC7224612", "title": "Tracheotomy in Ventilated Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Chao, Tiffany N", "Braslow, Benjamin M", "Martin, Niels D", "Chalian, Ara A", "Atkins, Joshua H", "Haas, Andrew R", "Rassekh, Christopher H"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379079", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447274, "title": "Feasibility of real-time internet-based teleconsultation in patients with multiple sclerosis: interventional pilot study.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["D'Haeseleer, Miguel", "Eelen, Piet", "Sadeghi, Nima", "D'Hooghe, Marie Beatrice", "Van Schependom, Jeroen", "Nagels, Guy"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447274", "countries": ["Belgium"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Telemedicine (TM) is currently flourishing in rural and emergency settings but its implementation in routine management of chronic neurological disorders develops more hesitatingly. Limited access to specialized care facilities and expanding patient populations are currently, combined with unprecedented mobility restrictions imposed by the 'coronavirus disease of 2019' pandemic, stressing the need for remote solutions in this field. Studies in subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS) have been heterogeneous in objectives and methodology, but generally support the concept that TM interventions produce clinical benefit, cost-effectiveness and user satisfaction. Nonetheless, data on live interaction between patients and health-care providers for MS teleconsultation purposes remain scarce. To demonstrate the feasibility of planned real-time audiovisual teleconsultation over the internet in patients with MS. Twenty subjects with MS presenting at a specialized MS center in Belgium were recruited for this study. One teleconsultation was scheduled in each participant. Patients were provided a unique hyperlink by mail in advance, leading them automatically and directly to the virtual waiting room, where they could accept or decline our incoming call. All teleconsultations were performed by a trained medical student with the intention to keep the conversation similar to what is usually discussed during a classic face-to-face MS consultation; no remote physical exams were performed. The approach was considered feasible if at least 80% of the planned TM visits could be successfully completed at the foreseen moment. Patient satisfaction (technical quality, convenience and overall quality of care) was evaluated at the end of each teleconsultation by means of 5-point Likert scales containing the categories very unsatisfied, unsatisfied, neutral, satisfied and highly satisfied. Seventeen out of twenty teleconsultations were successfully completed (85%). Failures were due to patients not responding (2/20) and technical issues (1/20). Rates of patients declaring themselves satisfied or highy satisfied were 17/17 for technical quality, 15/17 for convenience and 16/17 for overall quality of care. Planned real-time audiovisual teleconsultation over the internet is feasibile and highly appreciated in patients with MS. Incorporation of such services in routine clinical MS practice is expected to improve access to specialized care facilities for affected subjects. "}, {"pmid": 32347791, "title": "Treat COVID-19 as Though It Is Airborne: It May Be.", "journal": "AANA J", "authors": ["Eissenberg, Thomas", "Kanj, Souha S", "Shihadeh, Alan L"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347791", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460766, "pmcid": "PMC7251554", "title": "Is Nigeria prepared and ready to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic in its conflict-affected northeastern states?", "journal": "Int J Equity Health", "authors": ["Tijjani, Salman Jidda", "Ma, Le"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460766", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Northeastern Nigeria has over the decade suffered from the Boko Haram insurgency and is still in the process of recovery from the complex humanitarian crisis that has displaced and subjected millions of vulnerable children, women and elderly population to poverty, disease outbreaks, hunger and malnutrition. Yet, the conflict-affected states in Northeastern Nigeria is not far away from being the worse-hit by the COVID-19 pandemic if urgent public health preventive measures are not taken to contain the spread of the deadly and highly infectious virus. The question arises, \"what is Nigeria doing to tackle the burden of a COVID-19 spread and an ongoing humanitarian crisis?"}, {"pmid": 32402477, "pmcid": "PMC7164871", "title": "Telemedicine in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Aten Primaria", "authors": ["Vidal-Alaball, Josep", "Acosta-Roja, Ruthy", "Pastor Hernandez, Nuria", "Sanchez Luque, Unai", "Morrison, Danielle", "Narejos Perez, Silvia", "Perez-Llano, Jesus", "Salvador Verges, Angels", "Lopez Segui, Francesc"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402477", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is a positive single-stranded RNA virus that can be immediately translated and integrated into the host cell with its own RNA messenger, facilitating replication inside the cell and infectivity. The rapid progression of the disease presents a real challenge for the whole world. As the usual capacity for citizen care is exceeded, health professionals and governments struggle. One of the most important strategies to reduce and mitigate the advance of the epidemic are social distance measures; this is where telemedicine can help, and provide support to the healthcare systems, especially in the areas of public health, prevention and clinical practices, just as it is doing in others sectors. Telemedicine connects the convenience, low cost, and ready accessibility of health-related information and communication using the Internet and associated technologies. Telemedicine during the coronavirus epidemic has been the doctors' first line of defense to slow the spread of the coronavirus, keeping social distancing and providing services by phone or videoconferencing for mild to focus personal care and limited supplies to the most urgent cases."}, {"pmid": 32510821, "title": "Oral cavity lesions as a manifestation of the novel virus (COVID-19): a letter-to-editor.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Ansari, Reza", "Gheitani, Mina", "Heidari, Farrokh", "Heidari, Firouzeh"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510821", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In early December 2019, the acute respiratory illness began in the Wuhan, China, which quickly spread around the world, that today known as COVID-19. (Sun, Qie, Liu, Ren, & Xi, 2020) Preliminary studies have shown that hospitalized patients have different symptoms, including myalgia, whooping cough, fatigue, and dyspnea and gastrointestinal complains. (Guo et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2020) In more recent studies, skin manifestations have also been reported in covid-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32226353, "pmcid": "PMC7100496", "title": "The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and Initial Validation.", "journal": "Int J Ment Health Addict", "authors": ["Ahorsu, Daniel Kwasi", "Lin, Chung-Ying", "Imani, Vida", "Saffari, Mohsen", "Griffiths, Mark D", "Pakpour, Amir H"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226353", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the COVID-19 and its consequences has led to fears, worries, and anxiety among individuals worldwide. The present study developed the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) to complement the clinical efforts in preventing the spread and treating of COVID-19 cases. The sample comprised 717 Iranian participants. The items of the FCV-19S were constructed based on extensive review of existing scales on fears, expert evaluations, and participant interviews. Several psychometric tests were conducted to ascertain its reliability and validity properties. After panel review and corrected item-total correlation testing, seven items with acceptable corrected item-total correlation (0.47 to 0.56) were retained and further confirmed by significant and strong factor loadings (0.66 to 0.74). Also, other properties evaluated using both classical test theory and Rasch model were satisfactory on the seven-item scale. More specifically, reliability values such as internal consistency (\u03b1 = .82) and test-retest reliability (ICC = .72) were acceptable. Concurrent validity was supported by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (with depression, r = 0.425 and anxiety, r = 0.511) and the Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Scale (with perceived infectability, r = 0.483 and germ aversion, r = 0.459). The Fear of COVID-19 Scale, a seven-item scale, has robust psychometric properties. It is reliable and valid in assessing fear of COVID-19 among the general population and will also be useful in allaying COVID-19 fears among individuals."}, {"pmid": 32398894, "pmcid": "PMC7214850", "title": "\"If the virus doesn't kill me...\": socioeconomic impacts of COVID-19 on rural working people in the Global South.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Franco, Jennifer C"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398894", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471884, "title": "Characterization and clinical course of 1000 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in New York: retrospective case series.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Argenziano, Michael G", "Bruce, Samuel L", "Slater, Cody L", "Tiao, Jonathan R", "Baldwin, Matthew R", "Barr, R Graham", "Chang, Bernard P", "Chau, Katherine H", "Choi, Justin J", "Gavin, Nicholas", "Goyal, Parag", "Mills, Angela M", "Patel, Ashmi A", "Romney, Marie-Laure S", "Safford, Monika M", "Schluger, Neil W", "Sengupta, Soumitra", "Sobieszczyk, Magdalena E", "Zucker, Jason E", "Asadourian, Paul A", "Bell, Fletcher M", "Boyd, Rebekah", "Cohen, Matthew F", "Colquhoun, MacAlistair I", "Colville, Lucy A", "de Jonge, Joseph H", "Dershowitz, Lyle B", "Dey, Shirin A", "Eiseman, Katherine A", "Girvin, Zachary P", "Goni, Daniella T", "Harb, Amro A", "Herzik, Nicholas", "Householder, Sarah", "Karaaslan, Lara E", "Lee, Heather", "Lieberman, Evan", "Ling, Andrew", "Lu, Ree", "Shou, Arthur Y", "Sisti, Alexander C", "Snow, Zachary E", "Sperring, Colin P", "Xiong, Yuqing", "Zhou, Henry W", "Natarajan, Karthik", "Hripcsak, George", "Chen, Ruijun"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471884", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To characterize patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) in a large New York City medical center and describe their clinical course across the emergency department, hospital wards, and intensive care units. Retrospective manual medical record review. NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, a quaternary care academic medical center in New York City. The first 1000 consecutive patients with a positive result on the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) who presented to the emergency department or were admitted to hospital between 1 March and 5 April 2020. Patient data were manually abstracted from electronic medical records. Characterization of patients, including demographics, presenting symptoms, comorbidities on presentation, hospital course, time to intubation, complications, mortality, and disposition. Of the first 1000 patients, 150 presented to the emergency department, 614 were admitted to hospital (not intensive care units), and 236 were admitted or transferred to intensive care units. The most common presenting symptoms were cough (732/1000), fever (728/1000), and dyspnea (631/1000). Patients in hospital, particularly those treated in intensive care units, often had baseline comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Patients admitted to intensive care units were older, predominantly male (158/236, 66.9%), and had long lengths of stay (median 23 days, interquartile range 12-32 days); 78.0% (184/236) developed acute kidney injury and 35.2% (83/236) needed dialysis. Only 4.4% (6/136) of patients who required mechanical ventilation were first intubated more than 14 days after symptom onset. Time to intubation from symptom onset had a bimodal distribution, with modes at three to four days, and at nine days. As of 30 April, 90 patients remained in hospital and 211 had died in hospital. Patients admitted to hospital with covid-19 at this medical center faced major morbidity and mortality, with high rates of acute kidney injury and inpatient dialysis, prolonged intubations, and a bimodal distribution of time to intubation from symptom onset."}, {"pmid": 32283050, "pmcid": "PMC7151393", "title": "Nursing When the World Is Upside Down.", "journal": "Nurs Womens Health", "authors": ["Brucker, Mary C"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283050", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nurses are at the forefront of the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32375002, "pmcid": "PMC7228479", "title": "Deconvoluting Lipid Nanoparticle Structure for Messenger RNA Delivery.", "journal": "Nano Lett", "authors": ["Eygeris, Yulia", "Patel, Siddharth", "Jozic, Antony", "Sahay, Gaurav"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375002", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) packaged mRNA vaccines have been deployed against infectious diseases such as COVID-19, yet their structural features remain unclear. Cholesterol, a major constituent within LNPs, contributes to their morphology that influences gene delivery. Herein, we examine the structure of LNPs containing cholesterol derivatives using electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and membrane fluidity assays. LNPs formulated with C24 alkyl derivatives of cholesterol show a polymorphic shape and various degrees of multilamellarity and lipid partitioning, likely due to phase separation. The addition of methyl and ethyl groups to the C24 alkyl tail of the cholesterol backbone induces multilamellarity (>50% increase compared to cholesterol), while the addition of a double bond induces lipid partitioning (>90% increase compared to cholesterol). LNPs with multilamellar and faceted structures, as well as a lamellar lipid phase, showed higher gene transfection. Unraveling the structure of mRNA-LNPs can enable their rational design toward enhanced gene delivery."}, {"pmid": 32196627, "title": "Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound findings in novel coronavirus disease-19 pnemoniae: a case report and potential applications during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Buonsenso, D", "Piano, A", "Raffaelli, F", "Bonadia, N", "de Gaetano Donati, K", "Franceschi, F"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196627", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of a novel coronavirus disease-19 (nCoV-19) infection began in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and now involved the whole word. Several health workers have been infected in different countries. We report the case of a young man with documented nCoV-19 infection evaluated with lung ultrasound and discuss potential applications of lung ultrasound in this setting. Lung ultrasound allowed the identification of nCoV-19 infection at bed-side. Moreover, lung ultrasound can have several other advantages, such as reduced health worker exposition to infected patients, repeatability during follow-up, low-costs and easier application in low-resource settings."}, {"pmid": 32342863, "pmcid": "PMC7252074", "title": "Practice recommendations for lung cancer radiotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic: An ESTRO-ASTRO consensus statement.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Guckenberger, Matthias", "Belka, Claus", "Bezjak, Andrea", "Bradley, Jeffrey", "Daly, Megan E", "DeRuysscher, Dirk", "Dziadziuszko, Rafal", "Faivre-Finn, Corinne", "Flentje, Michael", "Gore, Elizabeth", "Higgins, Kristin A", "Iyengar, Puneeth", "Kavanagh, Brian D", "Kumar, Sameera", "Le Pechoux, Cecile", "Lievens, Yolande", "Lindberg, Karin", "McDonald, Fiona", "Ramella, Sara", "Rengan, Ramesh", "Ricardi, Umberto", "Rimner, Andreas", "Rodrigues, George B", "Schild, Steven E", "Senan, Suresh", "Simone Ii, Charles B", "Slotman, Ben J", "Stuschke, Martin", "Videtic, Greg", "Widder, Joachim", "Yom, Sue S", "Palma, David"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342863", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has caused radiotherapy resource pressures and led to increased risks for lung cancer patients and healthcare staff. An international group of experts in lung cancer radiotherapy established this practice recommendation pertaining to whether and how to adapt radiotherapy for lung cancer in the COVID-19 pandemic. For this ESTRO & ASTRO endorsed project, 32 experts in lung cancer radiotherapy contributed to a modified Delphi consensus process. We assessed potential adaptations of radiotherapy in two pandemic scenarios. The first, an early pandemic scenario of risk mitigation, is characterized by an altered risk-benefit ratio of radiotherapy for lung cancer patients due to their increased susceptibility for severe COVID-19 infection, and minimization of patient travelling and exposure of radiotherapy staff. The second, a later pandemic scenario, is characterized by reduced radiotherapy resources requiring patient triage. Six common lung cancer cases were assessed for both scenarios: peripherally located stage I NSCLC, locally advanced NSCLC, postoperative radiotherapy after resection of pN2 NSCLC, thoracic radiotherapy and prophylactic cranial irradiation for limited stage SCLC and palliative thoracic radiotherapy for stage IV NSCLC. In a risk-mitigation pandemic scenario, efforts should be made not to compromise the prognosis of lung cancer patients by departing from guideline-recommended radiotherapy practice. In that same scenario, postponement or interruption of radiotherapy treatment of COVID-19 positive patients is generally recommended to avoid exposure of cancer patients and staff to an increased risk of COVID-19 infection. In a severe pandemic scenario characterized by reduced resources, if patients must be triaged, important factors for triage include potential for cure, relative benefit of radiation, life expectancy, and performance status. Case-specific consensus recommendations regarding multimodality treatment strategies and fractionation of radiotherapy are provided. This joint ESTRO-ASTRO practice recommendation established pragmatic and balanced consensus recommendations in common clinical scenarios of radiotherapy for lung cancer in order to address the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32283449, "pmcid": "PMC7130907", "title": "COVID-19: Considering the prevalence of schizophrenia in the coming decades.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Zandifar, Atefeh", "Badrfam, Rahim"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283449", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346490, "pmcid": "PMC7187848", "title": "Structural elucidation of SARS-CoV-2 vital proteins: Computational methods reveal potential drug candidates against main protease, Nsp12 polymerase and Nsp13 helicase.", "journal": "J Pharm Anal", "authors": ["Mirza, Muhammad Usman", "Froeyen, Matheus"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346490", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 caused a major outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and instigated a widespread fear, threatening global health security. To date, no licensed antiviral drugs or vaccines are available against COVID-19 although several clinical trials are underway to test possible therapies. During this urgency situation, computational drug discovery methods provide an alternative to tiresome high-throughput screening, particularly in the hit-to-lead-optimization stage. Identification of small molecules that specifically target viral replication apparatus has indicated highest potential towards antiviral drug discovery. In this work, we present potential compounds that specifically target SARS-CoV-2 vital proteins, including the main protease, Nsp12 RNA polymerase and Nsp13 helicase. An integrative virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulations approach led to the identification of potential binding modes and favourable molecular interaction profile of corresponding compounds. Moreover, the identification of structurally important binding site residues in conserved motifs located inside the active site highlights relative importance of ligand binding based on residual energy decomposition analysis. Although the current study lacks experimental validation, the structural information obtained from this computational study has paved way for the design of targeted inhibitors to combat COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32358864, "pmcid": "PMC7261974", "title": "Biologic therapy for psoriasis during the COVID-19 outbreak: The choice is to weigh risks and benefits.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Conforti, Claudio", "Giuffrida, Roberta", "Dianzani, Caterina", "Di Meo, Nicola", "Zalaudek, Iris"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358864", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372742, "pmcid": "PMC7242771", "title": "Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections: What do we need to know?", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Tan, Caixia", "Xiao, Yuanyuan", "Meng, Xiujuan", "Huang, Xun", "Li, Chunhui", "Wu, Anhua"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372742", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355547, "pmcid": "PMC7191162", "title": "Trends and prediction in daily incidence of novel coronavirus infection in China, Hubei Province and Wuhan City: an application of Farr's law.", "journal": "Am J Transl Res", "authors": ["Xu, Jie", "Cheng, Yajiao", "Yuan, Xiaoling", "Li, Wei Vivian", "Zhang, Lanjing"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355547", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has infected tens of thousands of patients in China. Studies have forecasted future trends of the incidence of 2019-nCoV infection, but appeared unsuccessful. Farr's law is a classic epidemiology theory/practice for predicting epidemics. Therefore, we used and validated a model based on Farr's law to predict the daily-incidence of 2019-nCoV infection in China and 2 regions of high-incidence. We extracted the 2019-nCoV incidence data of China, Hubei Province and Wuhan City from websites of the Chinese and Hubei health commissions. A model based on Farr's law was developed using the data available on Feb. 8, 2020, and used to predict daily-incidence of 2019-nCoV infection in China, Hubei Province and Wuhan City afterward. We observed 50,995 (37,001 on or before Feb. 8) incident cases in China from January 16 to February 15, 2020. The daily-incidence has peaked in China, Hubei Providence and Wuhan City, but with different downward slopes. If no major changes occur, our model shows that the daily-incidence of 2019-nCoV will drop to single-digit by February 25 for China and Hubei Province, but by March 8 for Wuhan city. However, predicted 75% confidence intervals of daily-incidence in all 3 regions of interest had an upward trend. The predicted trends overall match the prospectively-collected data, confirming usefulness of these models. This study shows the daily-incidence of 2019-nCoV in China, Hubei Province and Wuhan City has reached the peak and was decreasing. However, there is a possibility of upward trend."}, {"pmid": 32473235, "pmcid": "PMC7255350", "title": "Co-infections in people with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Lansbury, Louise", "Lim, Benjamin", "Baskaran, Vadsala", "Lim, Wei Shen"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473235", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In previous influenza pandemics, bacterial co-infections have been a major cause of mortality. We aimed to evaluate the burden of co-infections in patients with COVID-19. We systematically searched Embase, Medline, Cochrane Library, LILACS and CINAHL for eligible studies published from 1 January 2020 to 17 April 2020. We included patients of all ages, in all settings. The main outcome was the proportion of patients with a bacterial, fungal or viral co-infection. . Thirty studies including 3834 patients were included. Overall, 7% of hospitalised COVID-19 patients had a bacterial co-infection (95% CI 3-12%, n=2183, I2=92\u22192%). A higher proportion of ICU patients had bacterial co-infections than patients in mixed ward/ICU settings (14%, 95% CI 5-26, I2=74\u22197% versus 4%, 95% CI 1-9, I2= 91\u22197%). The commonest bacteria were Mycoplasma pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Haemophilus influenzae. The pooled proportion with a viral co-infection was 3% (95% CI 1-6, n=1014, I2=62\u22193%), with Respiratory Syncytial Virus and influenza A the commonest. Three studies reported fungal co-infections. A low proportion of COVID-19 patients have a bacterial co-infection; less than in previous influenza pandemics. These findings do not support the routine use of antibiotics in the management of confirmed COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32486074, "title": "Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Burden During the COVID-19 Pandemic in People with Parkinson's Disease in Germany.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Zipprich, Hannah M", "Teschner, Ulrike", "Witte, Otto W", "Schonenberg, Aline", "Prell, Tino"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486074", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: Adherence to measures that have been adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic is crucial to control the spread of the coronavirus. Methods: Semi-structured telephone interviews were performed with 99 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 21 controls to explore knowledge, attitudes, practices, and burden in order to elucidate nonadherence to preventive measures. Results: The majority of patients understood the preventive measures and felt sufficiently informed. Analysis of qualitative answers, however, showed that about 30% of patients had an insufficient level of knowledge, which was not associated with educational level, cognitive disorders, or depression. Changes in behaviour were reported by 73 patients (99% performed at least one specific preventive behavior, and 86.9% have reduced social contacts and stayed home). A closer analysis of qualitative answers showed that 27.3% of patients continued to meet relatives face-to-face almost daily. Anxiety and worries about the current situation were reported by 58.6% of patients; 31.3% complained about a decrease in their mobility since the beginning of the restrictions, mainly because of worsening of PD and because regular therapies (e.g., physiotherapy) were canceled. Conclusions: About 30% of PD patients are nonadherent to preventive measures. Use of simple dichotomous questions overestimates adherence to preventive measures in patients with PD."}, {"pmid": 32447168, "pmcid": "PMC7236690", "title": "COVID-19 patients for tracheostomy: Anesthetic and team considerations.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Parekh, Raj M", "Lai, Yan H"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447168", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259130, "pmcid": "PMC7117787", "title": "Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects of COVID-19; a Narrative Review.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Kolifarhood, Goodarz", "Aghaali, Mohammad", "Mozafar Saadati, Hossein", "Taherpour, Niloufar", "Rahimi, Sajjad", "Izadi, Neda", "Hashemi Nazari, Seyed Saeed"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259130", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are significant misconceptions and many obstacles in the way of illuminating the epidemiological and clinical aspects of COVID-19 as a new emerging epidemic. In addition, usefulness of some evidence published in the context of the recent epidemic for decision making in clinic as well as public health is questionable. However, misinterpreting or ignoring strong evidence in clinical practice and public health probably results in less effective and somehow more harmful decisions for individuals as well as subgroups in general populations of countries in the initial stages of this epidemic. Accordingly, our narrative review appraised epidemiological and clinical aspects of the disease including genetic diversity of coronavirus genus, mode of transmission, incubation period, infectivity, pathogenicity, virulence, immunogenicity, diagnosis, surveillance, clinical case management and also successful measures for preventing its spread in some communities."}, {"pmid": 32238429, "title": "Incidental Findings Suggestive of COVID-19 in Asymptomatic Patients Undergoing Nuclear Medicine Procedures in a High-Prevalence Region.", "journal": "J Nucl Med", "authors": ["Albano, Domenico", "Bertagna, Francesco", "Bertoli, Mattia", "Bosio, Giovanni", "Lucchini, Silvia", "Motta, Federica", "Panarotto, Maria Beatrice", "Peli, Alessia", "Camoni, Luca", "Bengel, Frank M", "Giubbini, Raffaele"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238429", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infection with the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may remain asymptomatic, leading to under-recognition of the related disease, coronavirus disease, 2019 (COVID-19), and to incidental findings in nuclear imaging procedures performed for standard clinical indications. Here, we report about our local experience in a region with high COVID-19 prevalence and dynamically increasing infection rates. Methods: Within the 8-d period of March 16-24, 2020, hybrid imaging studies of asymptomatic patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT or 131I SPECT/CT for standard oncologic indications at our institution in Brescia, Italy, were analyzed for findings suggestive of COVID-19. The presence, radiologic features, and metabolic activity of interstitial pneumonia were identified, correlated with the subsequent short-term clinical course, and described in a case series. Results: Six of 65 patients (9%) who underwent PET/CT for various malignancies showed unexpected signs of interstitial pneumonia on CT and elevated regional 18F-FDG avidity. Additionally, 1 of 12 patients who received radioiodine for differentiated thyroid carcinoma also showed interstitial pneumonia on SPECT/CT. Five of 7 patients had subsequent proof of COVID-19 by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The remaining 2 patients were not tested immediately but underwent quarantine and careful monitoring. Conclusion: Incidental findings suggestive of COVID-19 may not be infrequent in hybrid imaging of asymptomatic patients in regions with an expansive spread of SARS-CoV-2. Nuclear medicine services should prepare accordingly."}, {"pmid": 32462501, "title": "The Allplex 2019-nCoV (Seegene) assay: which performances are for SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosis?", "journal": "Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis", "authors": ["Farfour, Eric", "Lesprit, Philippe", "Visseaux, Benoit", "Pascreau, Tiffany", "Jolly, Emilie", "Houhou, Nadira", "Mazaux, Laurence", "Asso-Bonnet, Marianne", "Vasse, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462501", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several commercial assays for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR are available but few of them were assessed. We evaluate the Allplex 2019-nCoV (Seegene) assay using 41 nasopharyngeal samples. The rates of agreement were 92.7% and 100% with the GeneFinder COVID-19 plus (Elitech) and the diagnosis of the infectious disease specialist respectively. Four samples display a Ct < 22.0 for the E and RdRp genes while the N gene was not detected, suggesting a variability of the viral sequence. There was no cross-reactivity with other respiratory viruses. The Allplex 2019-nCoV appears as a reliable method, but additional evaluations using more samples are needed. RT-PCR assays should probably include at least 2 viral targets."}, {"pmid": 32275857, "pmcid": "PMC7141446", "title": "The French response to COVID-19: intrinsic difficulties at the interface of science, public health, and policy.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Moatti, Jean-Paul"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275857", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32145772, "pmcid": "PMC7135007", "title": "COVID-19: too little, too late?", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["The Lancet"], "date": "2020-03-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145772", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345602, "title": "Covid-19: concerns grow over inflammatory syndrome emerging in children.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345602", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387155, "pmcid": "PMC7190469", "title": "Digital Ischemia in COVID-19 Patients: Case Report.", "journal": "J Hand Surg Am", "authors": ["Schultz, Kathryn", "Wolf, Jennifer Moriatis"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387155", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) continues to cause an immense burden on the global health care systems, it is crucial to understand the breadth of this disease process. Recent reports identified hypercoagulability in a subset of critically ill patients and extremity ischemia in an even smaller cohort. Because abnormal coagulation parameters and extremity ischemia have been shown to correlate with poor disease prognosis, understanding how to treat these patients is crucial. To better describe the identification and management of this phenomenon, we present 2 cases of critically ill patients with COVID-19 who developed fingertip ischemia while in the intensive care unit."}, {"pmid": 32518449, "pmcid": "PMC7269722", "title": "The countries getting it right.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Hamzelou, Jessica"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518449", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of", "Singapore", "China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world can learn lessons from how China, South Korea and Singapore have handled covid-19, the WHO's Bruce Aylward tells Jessica Hamzelou."}, {"pmid": 32407597, "pmcid": "PMC7272863", "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Gerodontology", "authors": ["Slack-Smith, Linda"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407597", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489502, "pmcid": "PMC7239583", "title": "COVID-19 and Renal Failure: Challenges in the Delivery of Renal Replacement Therapy.", "journal": "J Clin Med Res", "authors": ["Adapa, Sreedhar", "Aeddula, Narothama Reddy", "Konala, Venu Madhav", "Chenna, Avantika", "Naramala, Srikanth", "Madhira, Bhaskar Reddy", "Gayam, Vijay", "Balla, Mamtha", "Muppidi, Vijayadershan", "Bose, Subhasish"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489502", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first officially reported in December 2019 in Wuhan City, Hubei province, China, and has since lead to a pandemic. Most cases result in minor symptoms such as cough, fever, sore throat, myalgia, fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, loss of smell, and abdominal pain. As of April 8, 2020, more than 1,485,000 cases of COVID-19 have been reported in more than 200 countries and territories, resulting in over 90,000 deaths. Outcomes are worse in elderly patients, particularly males, and those with comorbidities, but can affect any age group. The incidence of acute kidney injury in patients with COVID-19 infection is about 3-15%; and in patients with severe infection requiring care in the intensive care unit, the rates of acute kidney injury increased significantly from 15% to 50%. Acute kidney injury is an independent risk factor for mortality in COVID-19 patients. The nephrologists, as well as intensivists, are facing immense daily challenges while providing care for these patients in the inpatient setting as well as end-stage renal disease patients on chronic dialysis in both inpatient and outpatient settings. In the current review article, we discussed the epidemiology and etiology of acute kidney injury, management of acute kidney injury including renal replacement therapy options (both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis) for inpatient floor, as well as intensive care unit settings. We also discussed the challenges faced by the outpatient dialysis units with COVID-19 infection. We discussed measures required to limit the spread of infection, as well as summarized the guidance as per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), American Society of Nephrology (ASN), American Society of Diagnostic and Interventional Nephrology (ASDIN) and the Vascular Access Society of the Americas (VASA)."}, {"pmid": 32198153, "title": "Covid-19: 15 000 deregistered doctors are told, \"Your NHS needs you\".", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Clare"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198153", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348044, "title": "[Hematology in the time of COVID-19].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Gavillet, Mathilde", "Rufer, Nathalie", "Grandoni, Francesco", "Carr Klappert, Jeanette", "Zermatten, Maxime G", "Cairoli, Anne", "Canellini, Giorgia", "Alberio, Lorenzo", "Duchosal, Michel A", "Spertini, Olivier", "Blum, Sabine"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348044", "topics": ["Transmission", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic impacts the hematology practice. Intensive chemotherapies for high-grade lymphomas and acute leukemias, multiple myeloma treatments and most hematopoietic stem cell transplantations should be performed as usual. Low-grade lymphomas should only be treated when strictly indicated, maintenance can be postponed. Other myeloid neoplasia and their therapies cause imunosupression; dose adjustment is recommended but no brisk stopping. Sickle cell anemia patients are highly succeptible to severe COVID-19 course. Thrombocytopenia and procoagulant state are associated with severe courses of COVID-19, requiring an individualized therapy. No data indicate a risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through blood product transfusion."}, {"pmid": 32432894, "title": "Are COVID-19 Patients Dying of or with Cardiac Injury?", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Tsolaki, Vasiliki", "Zakynthinos, George E"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432894", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324985, "title": "Role of duties related to COVID-19 suspected, probable and confirmed fatality cases", "journal": "Orv Hetil", "authors": ["Farkas, Csaba Bence", "Petretei, David", "Babinszky, Gergely", "Dudas, Gabor", "Szabo, Gergo", "Bognar, Csaba", "Jackel, Marta"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324985", "countries": ["China", "Hungary"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2 beta-coronavirus, first identified in Wuhan, China, was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11th March, 2020. In Hungary, the first confirmed COVID-19 case was reported on 4th March, 2020, and on 15th March, the first fatality related to the infection was announced. At the moment of the latter event, there was no central, standardized guideline, which could explain the necessary precautions, and provide an unequivocal description on how to handle the dead body. The procedure of transportation, storage, occurent autopsy or final disposition of the deceased raise a lot of questions, especially on how to carry out these tasks. Legislation related to infectious diseases and decedent management in general do not provide enough information on how to perform duties in a COVID-19 fatality case. The chief medical officer suspended the execution of autopsies, except in cases of unnatural death, since 19th March, however, the transportation and storage of fatalities can still be a problem. The Department of Pathology of the Healthcare Professional College of the Ministry of Human capacities published a procedure on recommended post-mortem duties on 21st March, but the suggested protocols only represent a narrow spectrum of international recommendations. Therefore supplementation may be necessary. Sadly, post-mortem protocols, in spite of their importance, are also underrepresented in the international literature. A further problem, wich makes adoptability difficult, is that available foreign guidelines and algorithms are optimized for different legislation, and organisations, resources not available in our country. In this article, besides providing a summary of literature, we would also like to make practical recommendations which may increase the safety of healthcare providers participating in the treatment or pathological duties with COVID-19 suspected, probable and confirmed cases. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(17): 713\u2013722."}, {"pmid": 32520580, "title": "Diagnostic Ultrasound Services During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Gogna, Apoorva", "Yogendra, Praveen", "Lee, Sally Hsueh Er", "Aziz, Atiqah", "Cheong, Elizabeth", "Chan, Lai Peng", "Venkatanarasimha, Nanda"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520580", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. Nosocomial transmission of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to frontline health care workers is well known, and health care workers may inadvertently become vectors for onward transmission. Ultrasound (US) service providers are at significant risk because scanning usually requires prolonged close patient contact. The bulky US equipment may also facilitate fomite transmission of disease. With increasing use of point-of-care and portable diagnostic US services, the risk is substantial. CONCLUSION. Our experience and protocols may help service providers with their own effective response against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32220633, "pmcid": "PMC7271072", "title": "Could Sars-coronavirus-2 trigger autoimmune and/or autoinflammatory mechanisms in genetically predisposed subjects?", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Caso, Francesco", "Costa, Luisa", "Ruscitti, Piero", "Navarini, Luca", "Del Puente, Antonio", "Giacomelli, Roberto", "Scarpa, Raffaele"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220633", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502594, "pmcid": "PMC7265858", "title": "Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Moores, Lisa K", "Tritschler, Tobias", "Brosnahan, Shari", "Carrier, Marc", "Collen, Jacob F", "Doerschug, Kevin", "Holley, Aaron B", "Jimenez, David", "LeGal, Gregoire", "Rali, Parth", "Wells, Philip"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502594", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emerging evidence shows that severe COVID-19 can be complicated by a significant coagulopathy, that likely manifests in the form of both microthrombosis and venous thromboembolism (VTE). This recognition has led to the urgent need for practical guidance regarding prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of VTE. A group of approved panelists developed key clinical questions by using the PICO (population, intervention, comparator, and outcome) format that addressed urgent clinical questions regarding the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19. MEDLINE (via PubMed or Ovid), Embase and Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials were systematically searched for relevant literature and references were screened for inclusion. Validated evaluation tools were used to grade the level of evidence to support each recommendation. When evidence did not exist, guidance was developed based on consensus using the modified Delphi process. The systematic review and critical analysis of the literature based on13 PICO questions resulted in 22 statements. Very little evidence exists in the COVID-19 population. The panel thus used expert consensus and existing evidence-based guidelines to craft the guidance statements. The evidence on the optimal strategies to prevent, diagnose, and treat venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19 is sparse, but rapidly evolving."}, {"pmid": 32502733, "pmcid": "PMC7266584", "title": "Exploring the genomic and proteomic variations of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein: A computational biology approach.", "journal": "Infect Genet Evol", "authors": ["Lokman, Syed Mohammad", "Rasheduzzaman, M D", "Salauddin, Asma", "Barua, Rocktim", "Tanzina, Afsana Yeasmin", "Rumi, Meheadi Hasan", "Hossain, M D Imran", "Siddiki, A M A M Zonaed", "Mannan, Adnan", "Hasan, M D Mahbub"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502733", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The newly identified SARS-CoV-2 has now been reported from around 185 countries with more than a million confirmed human cases including more than 120,000 deaths. The genomes of SARS-COV-2 strains isolated from different parts of the world are now available and the unique features of constituent genes and proteins need to be explored to understand the biology of the virus. Spike glycoprotein is one of the major targets to be explored because of its role during the entry of coronaviruses into host cells. We analyzed 320 whole-genome sequences and 320 spike protein sequences of SARS-CoV-2 using multiple sequence alignment. In this study, 483 unique variations have been identified among the genomes of SARS-CoV-2 including 25 nonsynonymous mutations and one deletion in the spike (S) protein. Among the 26 variations detected in S, 12 variations were located at the N-terminal domain (NTD) and 6 variations at the receptor-binding domain (RBD) which might alter the interaction of S protein with the host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Besides, 22 amino acid insertions were identified in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with that of SARS-CoV. Phylogenetic analyses of spike protein revealed that Bat coronavirus have a close evolutionary relationship with circulating SARS-CoV-2. The genetic variation analysis data presented in this study can help a better understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Based on results reported herein, potential inhibitors against S protein can be designed by considering these variations and their impact on protein structure."}, {"pmid": 32347925, "pmcid": "PMC7197622", "title": "Statin therapy in COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother", "authors": ["Castiglione, Vincenzo", "Chiriaco, Martina", "Emdin, Michele", "Taddei, Stefano", "Vergaro, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347925", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366770, "pmcid": "PMC7219848", "title": "COVID-19: Common Critical and Practical Questions.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Lu, Amy C", "Sastry, Sunita G", "Wong, Becky J", "Deng, Aaron", "Wald, Samuel H", "Pearl, Ronald G", "Tsui, Ban C H"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366770", "topics": ["Prevention", "General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418728, "pmcid": "PMC7204680", "title": "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, pharmacology, and COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Therapie", "authors": ["Micallef, Joelle", "Soeiro, Thomas", "Jonville-Bera, Annie-Pierre"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418728", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have an optional prescription status that has resulted in frequent use, in particular for the symptomatic treatment of fever and non-rheumatic pain. In 2019, a multi-source analysis of complementary pharmacological data showed that using NSAIDs in these indications (potentially indicative of an underlying infection) increases the risk of a severe bacterial complication, in particular in the case of lung infections. First, the clinical observations of the French Pharmacovigilance Network showed that severe bacterial infections can occur even after a short NSAID treatment, and even if the NSAID is associated with an antibiotic. Second, pharmacoepidemiological studies, some of which minimized the protopathic bias, all converged and confirmed the risk. Third, experimental in vitro and in vivo animal studies suggest several biological mechanisms, which strengthens a causal link beyond the well-known risk of delaying the care of the infection (immunomodulatory effects, effects on S.\u00a0pyogenes infections, and reduced antibiotics efficacy). Therefore, in case of infection, symptomatic treatment with NSAIDs for non-severe symptoms (fever, pain, or myalgia) is not to be recommended, given a range of clinical and scientific arguments supporting an increased risk of severe bacterial complication. Besides, the existence of a safer drug alternative, with paracetamol at recommended doses, makes this recommendation of precaution and common sense even more legitimate. In 2020, such recommendation is more topical than ever with the emergence of COVID-19, especially since it results in fever, headaches, muscular pain, and cough, and is further complicated with pneumopathy, and given experimental data suggesting a link between ibuprofen and the level of expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2."}, {"pmid": 32460448, "title": "Providing assisted reproduction treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore.", "journal": "Singapore Med J", "authors": ["Tan, Shu Qi", "Phoon, Jessie Wai Leng", "Chan, Melinda Ling Hou", "Wong, Hin Yan", "Durgahshree, Melissa", "Nadarajah, Sadhana", "Chan, Jerry Kok Yen"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460448", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451271, "pmcid": "PMC7192093", "title": "Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) and Cardiovascular Complications.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Ma, Lulu", "Song, Kaicheng", "Huang, Yuguang"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451271", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic. It has spread to more than 100 countries, and more than 1 million cases have been confirmed. Although coronavirus causes severe respiratory infections in humans, accumulating data have demonstrated cardiac complications and poor outcome in patients with COVID-19. A large percent of patients have underlying cardiovascular disease, and they are at a high risk of developing cardiac complications. The basics of the virus, the clinical manifestations, and the possible mechanisms of cardiac complications in patients with COVID-19 are reviewed. Before an effective vaccine or medicine is available, supportive therapy and identifying patients who are at high risk of cardiac complications are important."}, {"pmid": 32290949, "title": "[Peritoneal Dialysis in the Current Pandemic Crisis: An Opportunity for Reflection].", "journal": "Acta Med Port", "authors": ["Domingos, Ana", "Guedes, Anabela Malho", "Neves, Pedro Leao"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32290949", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32480154, "title": "Medical mask versus cotton mask for preventing respiratory droplet transmission in micro environments.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Ho, Kin-Fai", "Lin, Lian-Yu", "Weng, Shao-Ping", "Chuang, Kai-Jen"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480154", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The objective of this study was to investigate whether cotton mask worn by respiratory infection person could suppress respiratory droplet levels compared to medical mask. We recruited adult volunteers with confirmed influenza and suspected cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to wear medical masks and self-designed triple-layer cotton masks in a regular bedroom and a car with air conditioning. Four 1-hour repeated measurements (two measurements for bedroom the others for car) of particles with a size range of 20-1000\u00a0nm measured by number concentrations (NC0.02-1), temperature and relatively humidity, and cough/sneeze counts per hour were conducted for each volunteer. The paired t-tests were used for within-group comparisons in a bedroom and in a car. The results showed that there was no significant difference in NC0.02-1 or cough/sneeze counts between volunteers with medical masks and cotton masks in a bedroom or a car. We concluded that the cotton mask could be a potential substitute for medical mask for respiratory infection person in microenvironment with air conditioning. Healthy people may daily use cotton mask in the community since cotton mask is washable and reusable."}, {"pmid": 32321704, "title": "Covid-19: Care home deaths in England and Wales double in four weeks.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321704", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445608, "title": "Beyond tropes: Towards a new image of nursing in the wake of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Bennett, Clare L", "James, Alison H", "Kelly, Daniel"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445608", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305089, "pmcid": "PMC7162644", "title": "Sarah Gilbert: carving a path towards a COVID-19 vaccine.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Lane, Richard"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305089", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415815, "title": "Lessons Learned from COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy.", "journal": "Bosn J Basic Med Sci", "authors": ["Minni, Antonio", "Ralli, Massimo", "Candelori, Francesca", "Cialente, Fabrizio", "Ercoli, Lucia", "Parlapiano, Claudio", "Greco, Antonio", "De Vincentiis, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415815", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the COVID-19 outbreak, Italy has been one of the most affected countries in Europe and the second for number of deaths. In this commentary, we discuss some lessons that we learned as healthcare providers working in a large public hospital during the pandemic, with a special focus on the importance of infection containment and early diagnosis, the role of swab, serological tests, home isolation and individual protection devices,\u00a0 and the available therapies and management indications to better face a possible new outbreak in the near future. These comments should stimulate a more diffused, efficient and efficacious management of COVID-19 patients, also reducing the number of accesses to hospital emergency departments and the related spread of the infection."}, {"pmid": 32379729, "title": "Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of Adult Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 - Georgia, March 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Gold, Jeremy A W", "Wong, Karen K", "Szablewski, Christine M", "Patel, Priti R", "Rossow, John", "da Silva, Juliana", "Natarajan, Pavithra", "Morris, Sapna Bamrah", "Fanfair, Robyn Neblett", "Rogers-Brown, Jessica", "Bruce, Beau B", "Browning, Sean D", "Hernandez-Romieu, Alfonso C", "Furukawa, Nathan W", "Kang, Mohleen", "Evans, Mary E", "Oosmanally, Nadine", "Tobin-D'Angelo, Melissa", "Drenzek, Cherie", "Murphy, David J", "Hollberg, Julie", "Blum, James M", "Jansen, Robert", "Wright, David W", "Sewell, William M 3rd", "Owens, Jack D", "Lefkove, Benjamin", "Brown, Frank W", "Burton, Deron C", "Uyeki, Timothy M", "Bialek, Stephanie R", "Jackson, Brendan R"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379729", "countries": ["United States", "Georgia"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was first detected in the United States during January 2020 (1). Since then, >980,000 cases have been reported in the United States, including >55,000 associated deaths as of April 28, 2020 (2). Detailed data on demographic characteristics, underlying medical conditions, and clinical outcomes for persons hospitalized with COVID-19 are needed to inform prevention strategies and community-specific intervention messages. For this report, CDC, the Georgia Department of Public Health, and eight Georgia hospitals (seven in metropolitan Atlanta and one in southern Georgia) summarized medical record-abstracted data for hospitalized adult patients with laboratory-confirmed* COVID-19 who were admitted during March 2020. Among 305 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, 61.6% were aged <65 years, 50.5% were female, and 83.2% with known race/ethnicity were non-Hispanic black (black). Over a quarter of patients (26.2%) did not have conditions thought to put them at higher risk for severe disease, including being aged \u226565 years. The proportion of hospitalized patients who were black was higher than expected based on overall hospital admissions. In an adjusted time-to-event analysis, black patients were not more likely than were nonblack patients to receive invasive mechanical ventilation\u2020 (IMV) or to die during hospitalization (hazard ratio [HR]\u00a0=\u00a00.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]\u00a0=\u00a00.35-1.13). Given the overrepresentation of black patients within this hospitalized cohort, it is important for public health officials to ensure that prevention activities prioritize communities and racial/ethnic groups most affected by COVID-19. Clinicians and public officials should be aware that all adults, regardless of underlying conditions or age, are at risk for serious illness from COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32531475, "pmcid": "PMC7282795", "title": "Clinical evaluation of serological IgG antibody response on the Abbott Architect for established SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Chew, Ka Lip", "Tan, Shaun S", "Saw, Sharon", "Pajarillaga, Anastacia", "Zaine, Suzzana", "Khoo, Candy", "Wang, Weixuan", "Tambyah, Paul", "Jureen, Roland", "Sethi, Sunil K"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531475", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to evaluated the diagnostic performance of the Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay in COVID-19 patients. Residual sera from 177 symptomatic COVID-19 positive patients, and 163 non-COVID-19 patients were tested for antibody with the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay (Abbott Diagnostics, Chicago, US). Clinical records for COVID-19 patients were reviewed to determine the time from onset of clinical illness to testing. Specificity of the assay was 100.0% (95% CI: 97.1 - 100.0%). The clinical sensitivity of the assay varied depending on time from onset of symptoms, increasing with longer periods since onset of clinical illness. The clinical sensitivity at \u22646\u00a0days was 8.6% (7/81; 95% CI: 3.8 - 17.5%), 7-13\u00a0days: 43.6% (17/39; 95% CI: 28.2 - 60.2%), 14-20\u00a0days: 84.0% (21/25; 95% CI: 63.1 - 94.7%), and \u226521\u00a0days: 84.4% (27/32; 95% CI: 66.5 - 94.1%). Clinical sensitivity was higher in the \u226514\u00a0days group compared to <14. There were no differences between the 14-20\u00a0days and \u226521\u00a0days group; the combined clinical sensitivity for these groups (\u226514\u00a0days) was 84.2% (49/57; 71.6 - 92.1%). The Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG test has high specificity. Clinical sensitivity was limited in early stages of disease but improved from 14\u00a0days after onset of clinical infection."}, {"pmid": 32458561, "title": "Lymphopenia in COVID-19: Therapeutic opportunities.", "journal": "Cell Biol Int", "authors": ["Fathi, Nazanin", "Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458561", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is uncontrollably spread all over the world. The host immune responses strongly try to confront it with all the potential cells and cytokines. With chronically condition of SARS-CoV-2, natural killer cells and T cells become exhausted and decreasing their count leads to lymphopenia. Inability to eradicate the infected organ makes hyperinitiation of the immune system, which releases the excessive inflammatory cytokines to compensate the exhausted one as well as the low lymphocytes counts; it consequently leads to the cytokine storm syndrome. These mechanisms and the potential therapeutic targeting are discussed in this paper."}, {"pmid": 32314081, "pmcid": "PMC7169637", "title": "Pharmacologic Therapy for COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "J Community Health", "authors": ["Nusbaum, Neil"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314081", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has focused attention on issues of epidemiology, public health, and vaccine design. I submit that attention to COVID-19 pharmacologic therapy needs similar emphasis, including identifying any existing medications that can be repurposed to treat COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32489179, "pmcid": "PMC7268273", "title": "No evidence of secondary transmission of COVID-19 from children attending school in Ireland, 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Heavey, Laura", "Casey, Geraldine", "Kelly, Ciara", "Kelly, David", "McDarby, Geraldine"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489179", "countries": ["Ireland"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As many countries begin to lift some of the restrictions to contain COVID-19 spread, lack of evidence of transmission in the school setting remains. We examined Irish notifications of SARS-CoV2 in the school setting before school closures on 12 March 2020 and identified no paediatric transmission. This adds to current evidence that children do not appear to be drivers of transmission, and we argue that reopening schools should be considered safe accompanied by certain measures."}, {"pmid": 32404225, "title": "Let's Unite Against COVID-19 - A New Zealand Perspective.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Bandyopadhyay, Gargi", "Meltzer, Amanda"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404225", "countries": ["New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has shaken the existence of mankind worldwide including that of New Zealand. In comparison to other countries, New Zealand has had a very low number of confirmed and probable cases as well as COVID-19 related deaths. New Zealand closed its borders and rapidly declared a stringent lockdown to eliminate COVID-19. The country's \"go hard, go early\" policy serves as an exemplar for the rest of the world to date. The mysterious nature of COVID-19 has caused tremendous stress and uncertainty leading to universal conflict between public health and state economy. Mental health services and non-government organizations have been proactive in the fight against COVID-19. Though there has been no significant rise in referrals to secondary mental health services to date (4 May 2020), a rapid surge in mental health presentations is widely anticipated. Telehealth may prove to be an efficient and cost effective tool for the provision of future health services."}, {"pmid": 32125132, "title": "[Expert recommendations on the management of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer during epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (Trial version)].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125132", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a public health emergency of major international concern. Given the systemic immunosuppressive state caused by malignancy and anticancer treatments, patients with advanced lung cancer may be at a higher risk of COVID-19 infection. During epidemic of COVID-19, a guideline for the optimal management of patients with advanced lung cancer urgently needs to be proposed to distinguish the symptoms of COVID-19 and the side effects of antitumor drugs. This network questionnaire survey was conducted on the lung cancer group of the Chinese Thoracic Society, Chinese Medical Association; the lung cancer group of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology Youth Committee; and the Chinese Respiratory Oncology Collaboration. 321 valid questionnaires were received. Based on the guidelines on lung cancer and the results of the questionnaires, a consensus was reached. During the epidemic of COVID-19, We recommended that patients with advanced NSCLC should be treated as outpatients as possible at the nearest medical center; Patients who need to be hospitalized for antitumor treatment should be excluded from COVID-19 infection; More intensive attention should be paid to identification of COVID-19-related symptoms and adverse reactions caused by the malignancy or antitumor treatments. Stronger personal protection should be made for advanced NSCLC patients; An intentional postponing of antitumor treatment should be considered according to patient performance status. Treatment strategies should be made according to different types of advanced NSCLC patients and efficacy and toxicity of drugs."}, {"pmid": 32365190, "pmcid": "PMC7239098", "title": "TREC-COVID: Rationale and Structure of an Information Retrieval Shared Task for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Roberts, Kirk", "Alam, Tasmeer", "Bedrick, Steven", "Demner-Fushman, Dina", "Lo, Kyle", "Soboroff, Ian", "Voorhees, Ellen", "Wang, Lucy Lu", "Hersh, William R"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365190", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "TREC-COVID is an information retrieval (IR) shared task initiated to support clinicians and clinical research during the COVID-19 pandemic. IR for pandemics breaks many normal assumptions, which can be seen by examining nine important basic IR research questions related to pandemic situations. TREC-COVID differs from traditional IR shared task evaluations with special considerations for the expected users, IR modality considerations, topic development, participant requirements, assessment process, relevance criteria, evaluation metrics, iteration process, projected timeline, and the implications of data use as a post-task test collection. This article describes how all these were addressed for the particular requirements of developing IR systems under a pandemic situation. Finally, initial participation numbers are also provided, which demonstrate the tremendous interest the IR community has in this effort."}, {"pmid": 32427140, "pmcid": "PMC7227594", "title": "Kitchen Spectroscopy: Shining a (UV) Light on Everyday Objects.", "journal": "Matter", "authors": ["VanOrman, Zachary A", "Nienhaus, Lea"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427140", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Fluorescent objects often lead to a sense of joy and intrigue. While the current COVID-19 pandemic limits the synthesis of \"glowy things\" like quantum dots, many household objects fluoresce, providing an opportunity to brighten your day while learning fundamental chemistry."}, {"pmid": 32531341, "pmcid": "PMC7282793", "title": "Ocular manifestations and viral shedding in tears of pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a preliminary report.", "journal": "J AAPOS", "authors": ["Valente, Paola", "Iarossi, Giancarlo", "Federici, Matteo", "Petroni, Sergio", "Palma, Paolo", "Cotugno, Nicola", "De Ioris, Maria A", "Campana, Andrea", "Buzzonetti, Luca"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531341", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate ocular manifestations and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) prevalence in the tears of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A total of 27 pediatric patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection hospitalized from March 16 to April 15, 2020, at the Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital were enrolled in the study. At admission, all patients showed ocular manifestations. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction from nasopharyngeal and conjunctival swabs were performed every 2-3 days before discharge. Of the 27 patients, 4 (15%) were asymptomatic, 15 (56%) showed respiratory symptoms, and 8 (30%) had gastrointestinal symptoms. At admission, nasopharyngeal swabs were positive for COVID-19 in all patients; on the second swabs, 7 children (26%) tested negative, and 20 remained positive for COVID-19. Ocular manifestations consistent with mild viral conjunctivitis were observed in 4 patients (15%). At first conjunctival swab, 3 patients (11%), 1 symptomatic and 2 asymptomatic for ocular infection, had positive findings for COVID-19; 2 became negative on the second test and 1 on the third. In our study cohort, ocular manifestations of COVID-19 seem to have had a milder clinical course in pediatric patients than in adults. Despite the low prevalence and rapid regression of viral presence in the conjunctiva, SARS-CoV-2 transmission through tears may be possible, even in patients without apparent ocular involvement."}, {"pmid": 32380531, "pmcid": "PMC7239198", "title": "Trying times for heart failure trials during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Ozkan, Judy"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380531", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32337859, "pmcid": "PMC7267487", "title": "Two distinct cases with COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Kim, Yaerim", "Kwon, Ohyun", "Paek, Jin H", "Park, Woo Y", "Jin, Kyubok", "Hyun, Miri", "Lee, Ji Y", "Kim, Hyun A", "Han, Seungyeup"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337859", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The fatality of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is precipitously increased in patients with underlying comorbidities or elderly people. Kidney transplant (KT) recipients are one of the vulnerable populations for infection. COVID-19 infection in KT recipients might be a complicated and awkward situation, but there has been a lack of reports concerning this group. Herein, we demonstrated two distinct cases with different clinical progress. The first case was a 36-year-old man who underwent KT 3\u00a0years ago. He was diagnosed with COVID-19 expressing relevant symptoms. Following administration of lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine with reduced immunosuppressant, he recovered from COVID-19. However, the unexpected fluctuations in tacrolimus trough levels needed to be managed because of drug-to-drug interaction. The second case was developed in a 56-year-old man without any symptoms. He received a second KT from an ABO-incompatible donor 8\u00a0years ago. He was diagnosed with COVID-19 by screening due to exposure history. During the hospitalization period, the chest infiltrative lesion showed a wax and wane, but he successfully recovered by administration of hydroxychloroquine with azithromycin. These apparently different cases suggest that assertive screening and management could improve the clinical course. In addition, antiviral agents should be used cautiously, especially in patients on calcineurin inhibitors."}, {"pmid": 32277731, "pmcid": "PMC7262104", "title": "COVID-19 During the Opioid Epidemic - Exacerbation of Stigma and Vulnerabilities.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Jenkins, Wiley D", "Bolinski, Rebecca", "Bresett, John", "Van Ham, Brent", "Fletcher, Scott", "Walters, Suzan", "Friedman, Samuel R", "Ezell, Jerel M", "Pho, Mai", "Schneider, John", "Ouellet, Larry"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277731", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32290839, "pmcid": "PMC7154566", "title": "Why tocilizumab could be an effective treatment for severe COVID-19?", "journal": "J Transl Med", "authors": ["Fu, Binqing", "Xu, Xiaoling", "Wei, Haiming"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32290839", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A severe pneumonia-associated respiratory syndrome caused by a new coronavirus was identified in December 2019 (COVID-19), spread rapidly and has become a world-wide public health challenge. About 25% of COVID-19 patients experienced severe complications including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and even progressed into an intensive care unit (ICU) admission and died. The exploration for the mortality causes and advancing novel therapeutic development of severe COVID-19 is crucial at the moment. The biopsy samples analysis at autopsy suggested that increased alveolar exudate caused by aberrant host immune response and inflammatory cytokine storm probably impedes alveolar gas exchange and contributes to the high mortality of severe COVID-19 patients. Our research has identified that pathogenic T cells and inflammatory monocytes incite inflammatory storm with large amount of interleukin 6, therefore monoclonal antibody that targets the IL-6 pathways may potentially curb inflammatory storm. Moreover, Tocilizumab treatment that blocking IL-6 receptors showed inspiring\u00a0clinical results including temperature returned to normal quickly and respiratory function improved. Therefore, we suggest that Tocilizumab is an effective treatment in severe patients of COVID-19 to calm\u00a0the inflammatory storm and reduce\u00a0mortality."}, {"pmid": 32317203, "pmcid": "PMC7165109", "title": "Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Long, Brit", "Brady, William J", "Koyfman, Alex", "Gottlieb, Michael"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317203", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). While systemic inflammation and pulmonary complications can result in significant morbidity and mortality, cardiovascular complications may also occur. This brief report evaluates cardiovascular complications in the setting of COVID-19 infection. The current COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over one million infected worldwide and thousands of death. The virus binds and enters through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). COVID-19 can result in systemic inflammation, multiorgan dysfunction, and critical illness. The cardiovascular system is also affected, with complications including myocardial injury, myocarditis, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, dysrhythmias, and venous thromboembolic events. Current therapies for COVID-19 may interact with cardiovascular medications. Emergency clinicians should be aware of these cardiovascular complications when evaluating and managing the patient with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32232213, "pmcid": "PMC7085938", "title": "Daily Situation Report on Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Iran; March 13, 2020.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232213", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429751, "title": "Virtual Nation: Telemedicine's Breakout Moment.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Tenderich, Amy"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429751", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429580, "title": "Comparative Antiviral Activity of Remdesivir and Anti-HIV Nucleoside Analogs Against Human Coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E).", "journal": "Molecules", "authors": ["Parang, Keykavous", "El-Sayed, Naglaa Salem", "Kazeminy, Assad J", "Tiwari, Rakesh K"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429580", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Remdesivir is a nucleotide prodrug that is currently undergoing extensive clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19. The prodrug is metabolized to its active triphosphate form and interferes with the action of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of SARS-COV-2. Herein, we report the antiviral activity of remdesivir against human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) compared to known anti-HIV agents. These agents included tenofovir (TFV), 4'-ethynyl-2-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine (EFdA), alovudine (FLT), lamivudine (3TC), and emtricitabine (FTC), known as nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), and a number of 5'-O-fatty acylated anti-HIV nucleoside conjugates. The anti-HIV nucleosides interfere with HIV RNA-dependent DNA polymerase and/or act as chain terminators. Normal human fibroblast lung cells (MRC-5) were used to determine the cytotoxicity of the compounds. The study revealed that remdesivir exhibited an EC50 value of 0.07 \u00b5M against HCoV-229E with TC50 of > 2.00 \u00b5M against MRC-5 cells. Parent NRTIs were found to be inactive against (HCoV-229E) at tested concentrations. Among all the NRTIs and 5'-O-fatty acyl conjugates of NRTIs, 5'-O-tetradecanoyl ester conjugate of FTC showed modest activity with EC50 and TC50 values of 72.8 \u00b5M and 87.5 \u00b5M, respectively. These data can be used for the design of potential compounds against other coronaviruses."}, {"pmid": 32243729, "pmcid": "PMC7228351", "title": "The isolation period should be longer: Lesson from a child infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Chongqing, China.", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["Lin, Jilei", "Duan, Jun", "Tan, Tingdan", "Fu, Zhou", "Dai, Jihong"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243729", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbroke in Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei province, China. The disease rapidly spread to other areas in China due to a huge population movement during the New Year Festival. Here, a 7-year-old child with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Chongqing, outside of Wuhan, Hubei province, was reported. This case suggested that children infected with SARS-CoV-2 are more likely to present milder manifestations than adults. The continuous positive real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay for SARS-CoV-2 in the child's throat swab sample indicated the isolation period for suspected child cases should be longer than 14 days."}, {"pmid": 32490715, "title": "In vitro analysis of the renin-angiotensin system and inflammatory gene transcripts in human bronchial epithelial cells after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.", "journal": "J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst", "authors": ["Turk, Can", "Turk, Seyhan", "Temirci, Elif Sena", "Malkan, Umit Yavuz", "Haznedaroglu, Ibrahim C"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490715", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a recently identified coronavirus family member that triggers a respiratory disease similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 are very similar to each other in many respects, such as structure, genetics, and pathobiology. We hypothesized that coronaviruses could affect pulmonary tissues via integration with the critical immune genes after their interaction with renin-angiotensin system (RAS) elements. The aim of the present bioinformatics study was to assess expression changes of the RAS and non-RAS genes, particularly immune response genes, in the lung epithelial cells after infection with SARS-CoV. Linear regression, hierarchical clustering, pathway analysis, and network analysis were performed using the E-GEOD-17400 data set. The whole-genome expression data of the lung epithelial cells infected with SARS-CoV for 12, 24, and 48 hours were analyzed, and a total of 15 RAS family and 29 immune genes were found to be highly correlated with the exposure time to the virus in the studied groups. RAS genes are important at the initiation of the infections caused by coronavirus family members and may have a strong relationship with the exchange of immune genes in due course following the infection."}, {"pmid": 32156648, "pmcid": "PMC7102618", "title": "2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak: A new challenge.", "journal": "J Glob Antimicrob Resist", "authors": ["Lupia, Tommaso", "Scabini, Silvia", "Mornese Pinna, Simone", "Di Perri, Giovanni", "De Rosa, Francesco Giuseppe", "Corcione, Silvia"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32156648", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Following the public-health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 30 January 2020 and the recent outbreak caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) [officially renamed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)] in China and 29 other countries, we aimed to summarise the clinical aspects of the novelBetacoronavirus disease (COVID-19) and its possible clinical presentations together with suggested therapeutic algorithms for patients who may require antimicrobial treatment. The currently available literature was reviewed for microbiologically confirmed infections by 2019-nCoV or COVID-19 at the time of writing (13 February 2020). A literature search was performed using the PubMed database and Cochrane Library. Search terms included 'novel coronavirus' or '2019-nCoV' or 'COVID-19'. Published cases occurred mostly in males (age range, 8-92 years). Cardiovascular, digestive and endocrine system diseases were commonly reported, except previous chronic pulmonary diseases [e.g. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, bronchiectasis] that were surprisingly underreported. Fever was present in all of the case series available, flanked by cough, dyspnoea, myalgia and fatigue. Multiple bilateral lobular and subsegmental areas of consolidation or bilateral ground-glass opacities were the main reported radiological features of 2019-nCoV infection, at least in the early phases of the disease. The new 2019-nCoV epidemic is mainly associated with respiratory disease and few extrapulmonary signs. However, there is a low rate of associated pre-existing respiratory co-morbidities."}, {"pmid": 32489022, "title": "[Application of Reyanning Mixture in evaluating combining disease with syndrome of human coronavirus pneumonia with pestilence attacking lung syndrome].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Bao, Lei", "Shi, Yu-Jing", "Geng, Zi-Han", "Sun, Jing", "Zhao, Rong-Hua", "DU, Cheng-Qiang", "Chu, Ya-Jun", "Cui, Xiao-Lan"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489022", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the previous research, our laboratory established a mouse model combining disease with syndrome of human coronavi-rus pneumonia with pestilence attacking the lung syndrome, based on the national traditional Chinese medicine clinical classification of Novel Coronavirus Infected Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Plan. In this study, a mouse model combining disease with syndrome of human coronavirus pneumonia with pestilence attacking the lung syndrome was used to evaluate the effectiveness of Reyanning Mixture to provide animal experimental support for clinical application. Mice were divided into normal group, 229 E infection group, cold-dampness group, cold-dampness+229 E infection group(the model group), Reyanning high and low dose groups. The cold-dampness group, cold-dampness+229 E infection group, two Reyanning groups were given cold and damp stimulation for 7 days. On the 5 th day, the 229 E infection group, cold-dampness+229 E infection group, and two Reyanning groups were infected with HCoV-229 E virus. Reyanning was administered for 3 days, starting from the day of infection. Blood was collected on the 4 th day and the lung tissue was dissected to calculate the lung index and inhibition rate; flow cytometry was used to detect the percentage of T and B lymphocytes in peripheral blood; RT-PCR was used to detect the nucleic acid virus load in lung tissue; ELISA was used to detect motilin and gastrin in serum, and inflammatory factors TNF-\u03b1, IFN-\u03b3, IL-6, IL-10 in lung tissue proteins. Reyanning Mixture could reduce the lung index(P<0.01) of coronavirus pneumonia mice with pestilence attacking the lung; it could significantly increase the percentage of CD8~+ T lymphocytes and CD4~+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood of model mice(P<0.05, P<0.01). The low dose of Reyanning could effectively increase the percentage of total B lymphocytes(P<0.05), reduce virus load in lung tissue of model mice(P<0.01), reduce the levels of TNF-\u03b1, IFN-\u03b3, IL-6, IL-10 in the lung tissue of model mice(P<0.01), reduce the content of motilin in the serum of model mice(P<0.01). Reyanning Mixture convey a better effect in treating coronavirus pneumonia mice with pestilence attacking the lung. It manifested obvious effects in improving lung lesions, enhancing the gastrointestinal function of mice, improving the autoimmune function of mice, and reducing the expression of inflammatory factors in vivo, which could provide evidences for clinical research."}, {"pmid": 32356422, "pmcid": "PMC7200177", "title": "Secondary Emotional Reactions to the COVID-19 Outbreak Should Be Identified and Treated in Korea.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Park, Seon Cheol", "Park, Yong Chon"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356422", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453497, "pmcid": "PMC7267093", "title": "A new diagnostic strategy for gestational diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic for the Japanese population.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Res Rev", "authors": ["Kasuga, Yoshifumi", "Saisho, Yoshifumi", "Ikenoue, Satoru", "Ochiai, Daigo", "Tanaka, Mamoru"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453497", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528783, "pmcid": "PMC7282368", "title": "Neurological and Psychological Effects of Coronavirus (COVID-19): An Overview of the Current Era Pandemic.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Rahman, Jawaria", "Muralidharan, Abilash", "Quazi, Sohail J", "Saleem, Hajra", "Khan, Safeera"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528783", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) is a catastrophic illness that has significantly altered the world's panoramic view of medicine. As the number of cases\u00a0around the globe rise, the COVID-19 research writing has been immediately enhanced by professionals internationally. In this review, we focus on the neurological and psychological effects of COVID-19, which can determine both the severity of coronavirus and its related pandemic\u00a0respectively. While it is critical to distinguish the neurological manifestations from the psychological effects,\u00a0the latter is becoming more pervasive due to the fast-expanding outbreak. We conducted a systematic review and included observational retrospective, case-series studies, and surveys to establish the largest pool of valuable research. Articles on these approaches were conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google scholar. Some gray material was also selected because of the recent nature of the disease. Data collected from the studies have proposed that COVID-19 is not unusual in demonstrating the neurological symptoms, as it proved in the past by its sister\u00a0coronaviruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-1 (SARS-COV-1) and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-COV). Studies have presented that some patients with COVID-19 also showed neurological signs, such as headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, loss of taste and smell, and impaired consciousness. However, it necessary to clarify that the invasion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) directly or indirectly affects the central nervous system (CNS). Contrarily, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected every single element of life. It has not only changed the individual's health directly but also has significant psychological, economic, and sociological effects. These issues indicate\u00a0the disease's extraordinary threat, and we must\u00a0realize that another pandemic will shortly follow it: that of mental and behavioral illness. Thus, the long-lasting psychological implications of this outbreak deserve further investigation side by side."}, {"pmid": 32508068, "title": "Defining Association between COVID-19 and the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children through the Pandemic.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Kim, Yae Jean", "Park, Hwanhee", "Choi, Youn Young", "Kim, Ye Kyung", "Yoon, Yoonsun", "Kim, Kyung Ran", "Choi, Eun Hwa"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508068", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527136, "title": "Large pulmonary cavity in COVID-19 cured patient case report.", "journal": "Ann Palliat Med", "authors": ["Chen, Ying", "Chen, Wanling", "Zhou, Jiansheng", "Sun, Cong", "Lei, Yujie"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527136", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The outbreak began in Wuhan, China, and spread rapidly, with many cases confirmed in multiple countries. Usually, after viral pneumonia were clinical cured, the pulmonary lesions of majority patients will gradually be absorbed to complete dissipation, very few severe patients may retain pulmonary interstitial inflammation and fibrosis (1-3). In this case, we described one unique COVID-19 patient, the symptoms were: dry cough, fatigue, poor appetite and subjective fever, moreover, the patient was a non-smoker, had no pulmonary bullous, no history of tuberculosis, and also no hypertension or diabetes. The patient received antiviral therapy, antibacterial therapy, recombinant human interferon-\u03b12a, vitamin C and oxygen inhalation. After two weeks of treatment and observation, the patient was clinical cured and discharged. However, two days later, the patient had a sudden chest stuffiness, CT images indicted: his lung didn't heal like others, but developed a large pulmonary cavity in the lower lobe of right lung. In hospital, the patient showed no symptoms of infection for another 14 days, and the pulmonary cavity remain unchanged. This case suggested: it is important to follow convalescent COVID-19 patients, especially their lung CT images, to make sure a fully recovery."}, {"pmid": 32490520, "title": "Letter: Hemorrhagic Conditions Affecting the Central Nervous System in COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Garcia-Garcia, Sergio", "Cepeda, Santiago", "Arrese, Ignacio", "Sarabia, Rosario"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490520", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287799, "pmcid": "PMC7131061", "title": "Drug trials under way.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Klein, Alice"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287799", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We'll soon know if covid-19 can be treated with drugs developed for HIV and Ebola, reports Alice Klein."}, {"pmid": 32513791, "title": "Rheumatologists and Pulmonologists at Temple University weather the COVID-19 storm together.", "journal": "J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Caricchio, Roberto", "Criner, Gerard J"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513791", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In recent commentaries from Lancet Rheumatology and The Journal of Rhuematology (1-2) the authors eloquently illustrated the connection between COVID-19 infection, the subsequent cytokine storm (CS) that ensues in a number of patients and the potential efficacy of biologics that Rheumatologists routinely use in their practices. Moreover those biologics were originally investigated by Rheumatologists for the treatment of numerous rheumatic conditions, including macrophage activating syndrome (MAS), a similar form of storm that resembles the one occurring in COVID-19 patients (3)."}, {"pmid": 32048501, "title": "[Respiratory support for severe 2019-nCoV pneumonia suffering from acute respiratory failure: time and strategy].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yuan, X", "Mu, J S", "Mo, G X", "Hu, X S", "Yan, P", "Xie, L X"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32048501", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Respiratory support is a very important technique for saving severe 2019-nCoV pneumonia patients who suffering respiratory failure, which can improve oxygenation, reduce mortality. Therefore, how to reasonable using respiratory support technique is the key point that relating success or failure. In this paper, the authors introduce their experience on treating severe 2019-nCoV pneumonia, it is hopeful for current fighting against 2019-nCoV in China."}, {"pmid": 32407300, "title": "COVID-19 in Correctional and Detention Facilities - United States, February-April 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Wallace, Megan", "Hagan, Liesl", "Curran, Kathryn G", "Williams, Samantha P", "Handanagic, Senad", "Bjork, Adam", "Davidson, Sherri L", "Lawrence, Robert T", "McLaughlin, Joseph", "Butterfield, Marilee", "James, Allison E", "Patil, Naveen", "Lucas, Kimberley", "Hutchinson, Justine", "Sosa, Lynn", "Jara, Amanda", "Griffin, Phillip", "Simonson, Sean", "Brown, Catherine M", "Smoyer, Stephanie", "Weinberg, Meghan", "Pattee, Brittany", "Howell, Molly", "Donahue, Matthew", "Hesham, Soliman", "Shelley, Ellen", "Philips, Grace", "Selvage, David", "Staley, E Michele", "Lee, Anthony", "Mannell, Mike", "McCotter, Orion", "Villalobos, Raul", "Bell, Linda", "Diedhiou, Abdoulaye", "Ortbahn, Dustin", "Clayton, Joshua L", "Sanders, Kelsey", "Cranford, Hannah", "Barbeau, Bree", "McCombs, Katherine G", "Holsinger, Caroline", "Kwit, Natalie A", "Pringle, Julia C", "Kariko, Sara", "Strick, Lara", "Allord, Matt", "Tillman, Courtney", "Morrison, Andrea", "Rowe, Devin", "Marlow, Mariel"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407300", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An estimated 2.1 million U.S. adults are housed within approximately 5,000 correctional and detention facilities\u2020 on any given day (1). Many facilities face significant challenges in controlling the spread of highly infectious pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Such challenges include crowded dormitories, shared lavatories, limited medical and isolation resources, daily entry and exit of staff members and visitors, continual introduction of newly incarcerated or detained persons, and transport of incarcerated or detained persons in multiperson vehicles for court-related, medical, or security reasons (2,3). During April 22-28, 2020, aggregate data on COVID-19 cases were reported to CDC by 37 of 54 state and territorial health department jurisdictions. Thirty-two (86%) jurisdictions reported at least one laboratory-confirmed case from a total of 420 correctional and detention facilities. Among these facilities, COVID-19 was diagnosed in 4,893 incarcerated or detained persons and 2,778 facility staff members, resulting in 88 deaths in incarcerated or detained persons and 15 deaths among staff members. Prompt identification of COVID-19 cases and consistent application of prevention measures, such as symptom screening and quarantine, are critical to protecting incarcerated and detained persons and staff members."}, {"pmid": 32360351, "pmcid": "PMC7177103", "title": "Interventional oncology at the time of COVID-19 pandemic: Problems and solutions.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Imaging", "authors": ["Denys, A", "Guiu, B", "Chevallier, P", "Digklia, A", "de Kerviler, E", "de Baere, T"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360351", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has deeply impacted the activity of interventional oncology in hospitals and cancer centers. In this review based on official recommendations of different international societies, but also on local solutions found in different expert large-volume centers, we discuss the changes that need to be done for the organization, safety, and patient management in interventional oncology. A literature review of potential solutions in a context of scarce anesthesiologic resources, limited staff and limited access to hospital beds are proposed and discussed based on the literature data."}, {"pmid": 32302456, "title": "Potential of heparin and nafamostat combination therapy for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Asakura, Hidesaku", "Ogawa, Haruhiko"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302456", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297089, "pmcid": "PMC7157827", "title": "Switch from oral anticoagulants to parenteral heparin in SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized patients.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Testa, Sophie", "Paoletti, Oriana", "Giorgi-Pierfranceschi, Matteo", "Pan, Angelo"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297089", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The development of COVID-19 syndrome in anticoagulated patients, and especially their admission to intensive-care units with acute severe respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), expose them to specific problems related to their therapy, in addition to those associated with the acute viral infection. Patients on VKA hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 show high instability of PT INR due to the variability of vitamin K metabolism, diet, fasting, co-medications, liver impairment, and heart failure. Patients on DOAC are exposed to under/over treatment caused by significant pharmacological interferences. In consideration of the pharmacological characteristics of oral anticoagulant drugs, the multiple pharmacological interactions due to the treatment of acute disease and the possible necessity of mechanical ventilation with hospitalization in intensive-care units, we suggest replacing oral anticoagulant therapies (VKA and DOAC) with parenteral heparin to avoid the risk of over/under treatment."}, {"pmid": 32353901, "pmcid": "PMC7267357", "title": "Rationale for universal face masks in public against COVID-19.", "journal": "Respirology", "authors": ["Sunjaya, Anthony Paulo", "Jenkins, Christine"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353901", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32056407, "pmcid": "PMC7025910", "title": "Case of the Index Patient Who Caused Tertiary Transmission of COVID-19 Infection in Korea: the Application of Lopinavir/Ritonavir for the Treatment of COVID-19 Infected Pneumonia Monitored by Quantitative RT-PCR.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Lim, Jaegyun", "Jeon, Seunghyun", "Shin, Hyun Young", "Kim, Moon Jung", "Seong, Yu Min", "Lee, Wang Jun", "Choe, Kang Won", "Kang, Yu Min", "Lee, Baeckseung", "Park, Sang Joon"], "date": "2020-02-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32056407", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since mid-December of 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has been spreading from Wuhan, China. The confirmed COVID-19 patients in South Korea are those who came from or visited China. As secondary transmissions have occurred and the speed of transmission is accelerating, there are rising concerns about community infections. The 54-year old male is the third patient diagnosed with COVID-19 infection in Korea. He is a worker for a clothing business and had mild respiratory symptoms and intermittent fever in the beginning of hospitalization, and pneumonia symptoms on chest computerized tomography scan on day 6 of admission. This patient caused one case of secondary transmission and three cases of tertiary transmission. Hereby, we report the clinical findings of the index patient who was the first to cause tertiary transmission outside China. Interestingly, after lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra, AbbVie) was administered, \u03b2-coronavirus viral loads significantly decreased and no or little coronavirus titers were observed."}, {"pmid": 32510154, "title": "Elderly nursing homes residents-are they a priority in national COVID-19 strategies?", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Donnelly, Seamas C"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510154", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32152059, "pmcid": "PMC7062433", "title": "Proposed protocol to keep COVID-19 out of hospitals.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Glauser, Wendy"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32152059", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251618, "title": "Current Drugs with Potential for Treatment of COVID-19: A Literature Review.", "journal": "J Pharm Pharm Sci", "authors": ["Md Insiat Islam Rabby"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251618", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 first emerged in China in December 2019 and rapidly spread worldwide. No vaccine or approved drug is available to eradicate the virus, however, some drugs that are indicated for other afflictions seems to be potentially beneficial to treat the infection albeit without unequivocal evidence.\u00a0\u00a0 The aim of this article is to review the published background on the effectiveness of these drugs against COVID-19 Methods: A thorough literature search was conducted on recently published studies which have published between January 1 to March 25, 2020. PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct databases were searched Results: A total 22 articles were found eligible. 8 discuss about treatment outcomes from their applied drugs during treatment of COVID-19 patients, 4 report laboratory tests, one report animal trial and other 9 articles discuss recommendations and suggestions based on the treatment process and clinical outcomes of other diseases such as malaria, ebola, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). The data and/or recommendations are categorized in 4 classes: (a) anti-viral and anti-inflammatory drugs, (b) anti-malaria drugs, (c) traditional Chinese drugs and (d) other treatments/drugs. All examined treatments, although potentiality effective against COVID-19, need either appropriate drug development or clinical trial to be suitable for clinical use."}, {"pmid": 32445255, "pmcid": "PMC7267094", "title": "\"Masked\" empathy-A post-pandemic reality: Psychodermatological perspective.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Hafi, Bishurul", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Afra, T P", "Muhammed Razmi, T", "Uvais, N A"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445255", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514035, "title": "Dissecting antibody-mediated protection against SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Zohar, Tomer", "Alter, Galit"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514035", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418270, "title": "#pandemicpedagogy: Using Twitter for knowledge exchange.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Finn, Gabrielle M", "Brown, Megan E L", "Laughey, William", "Duenas, Angelique"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418270", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32061311, "pmcid": "PMC7133591", "title": "Do not violate the International Health Regulations during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Habibi, Roojin", "Burci, Gian Luca", "de Campos, Thana C", "Chirwa, Danwood", "Cina, Margherita", "Dagron, Stephanie", "Eccleston-Turner, Mark", "Forman, Lisa", "Gostin, Lawrence O", "Meier, Benjamin Mason", "Negri, Stefania", "Ooms, Gorik", "Sekalala, Sharifah", "Taylor, Allyn", "Yamin, Alicia Ely", "Hoffman, Steven J"], "date": "2020-02-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32061311", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505068, "title": "COVID-19 infection: Is the outcome time-dependent?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Pavoni, Vittorio", "Gianesello, Lara"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505068", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404590, "title": "In reply to COVID-19 intubation kits and intubation spots.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Lopez, Roberto A", "Zuo, Leila", "Enomoto, T Miko", "Aziz, Michael F"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404590", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404851, "title": "Stockpiling of Used Personal Protective Equipment Now for Future Decontamination and Reuse in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Patient Saf", "authors": ["Gibney, Brian"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404851", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513831, "title": "Challenges and opportunities for occupational health and safety after the COVID-19 lockdowns.", "journal": "Occup Environ Med", "authors": ["Godderis, Lode", "Luyten, Jeroen"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513831", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503883, "title": "Defining causality in COVID-19 and neurological disorders.", "journal": "J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry", "authors": ["Ellul, Mark", "Varatharaj, Aravinthan", "Nicholson, Timothy R", "Pollak, Thomas Arthur", "Thomas, Naomi", "Easton, Ava", "Zandi, Michael S", "Manji, Hadi", "Solomon, Tom", "Carson, Alan", "Turner, Martin R", "Kneen, Rachel", "Galea, Ian", "Pett, Sarah", "Thomas, Rhys Huw", "Michael, Benedict Daniel"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503883", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421106, "pmcid": "PMC7224140", "title": "The tightrope of science, media and politics.", "journal": "Nat Cancer", "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421106", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The urgent need to address COVID-19 has highlighted the delicate relationships among science, politics and the media. To achieve a successful long-term response to the pandemic, stakeholders need to be guided by data, integrity and a sense of responsibility toward the public."}, {"pmid": 32386997, "pmcid": "PMC7174161", "title": "Routine use of Point-of-Care lung ultrasound during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Antunez-Montes, O Y", "Buonsenso, D"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386997", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525485, "title": "Pediatric Telebehavioral Health: A Transformational Shift in Care Delivery in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "JMIR Ment Health", "authors": ["Ramtekkar, Ujjwal", "Bridge, Jeffrey", "Thomas, Glenn", "Butter, Eric", "Reese, Jennifer", "Logan, Erica", "Lin, Simon", "Axelson, David"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525485", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Telebehavioral Health has been expanding for the past decade to improve access and address the critical shortage of psychiatric workforce. The sudden shift from traditional in-person visits to alternatives modalities has been forced as a result of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There are key factors associated with successful transitional and large-scale implementation of telehealth with existing resources. We describe the experience of a large health system in utilizing telehealth technology, identify strategies and discuss considerations for long term sustainability after the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32444492, "title": "Bilateral transient olfactory bulbs edema during COVID-19-related anosmia.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Laurendon, Thomas", "Radulesco, Thomas", "Mugnier, Justine", "Gerault, Melanie", "Chagnaud, Christophe", "El Ahmadi, Ahmed-Ali", "Varoquaux, Arthur"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444492", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An asymptomatic 27-year-old physician is diagnosed SARS-CoV-2 by occupational medicine after contagion (RT-PCR)."}, {"pmid": 32361598, "title": "Coronavirus in water environments: Occurrence, persistence and concentration methods - A scoping review.", "journal": "Water Res", "authors": ["La Rosa, Giuseppina", "Bonadonna, Lucia", "Lucentini, Luca", "Kenmoe, Sebastien", "Suffredini, Elisabetta"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361598", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large family of viruses causing a spectrum of disease ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV). The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a public health emergency worldwide. SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, is spread by human-to-human transmission via droplets or direct contact. However, since SARS-CoV-2 (as well as other coronaviruses) has been found in the fecal samples and anal swabs of some patients, the possibility of fecal-oral (including waterborne) transmission need to be investigated and clarified. This scoping review was conducted to summarize research data on CoV in water environments. A literature survey was conducted using the electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Web Science Core Collection. This comprehensive research yielded more than 3000 records, but only 12 met the criteria and were included and discussed in this review. In detail, the review captured relevant studies investigating three main areas: 1) CoV persistence/survival in waters; 2) CoV occurrence in water environments; 3) methods for recovery of CoV from waters. The data available suggest that: i) CoV seems to have a low stability in the environment and is very sensitive to oxidants, like chlorine; ii) CoV appears to be inactivated significantly faster in water than non-enveloped human enteric viruses with known waterborne transmission; iii) temperature is an important factor influencing viral survival (the titer of infectious virus declines more rapidly at 23\u00b0C-25\u00a0\u00b0C than at 4\u00a0\u00b0C); iv) there is no current evidence that human coronaviruses are present in surface or ground waters or are transmitted through contaminated drinking-water; v) further research is needed to adapt to enveloped viruses the methods commonly used for sampling and concentration of enteric, non enveloped viruses from water environments. The evidence-based knowledge reported in this paper is useful to support risk analysis processes within the drinking and wastewater chain (i.e., water and sanitation safety planning) to protect human health from exposure to coronavirus through water."}, {"pmid": 32320091, "pmcid": "PMC7264567", "title": "Dermatologists and SARS-CoV-2: The impact of the pandemic on daily practice.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Gisondi, P", "Piaserico, S", "Conti, A", "Naldi, L"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320091", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first case of \"pneumonia of unknown aetiology\" was diagnosed at the Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital in China on 30 December 2019, what was recognised thereafter as \"severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2\" (SARS-CoV-2) has spread over the four continents, causing the respiratory manifestations of Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID- 19) and satisfying the epidemiological criteria for a label of \"pandemic.\" The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is having a huge impact on dermatological practice including the marked reduction of face-to-face consultations in favour of teledermatology, the uncertainties concerning the outcome of COVID-19 infection in patients with common inflammatory disorders such as psoriasis or atopic dermatitis receiving immunosuppressive/immunomodulating systemic therapies; the direct involvement of dermatologists in COVID-19 care for patients assistance and new research needs to be addressed. It is not known yet, if skin lesions and derangement of the skin barrier could make it easier for SARS-CoV-2 to transmit via indirect contact; it remains to be defined if specific mucosal or skin lesions are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, although some unpublished observations indicate the occurrence of a transient varicelliform exanthema during the early phase of the infection. SARS-CoV-2 is a new pathogen for humans that is highly contagious, can spread quickly, and is capable of causing enormous health, economic and societal impacts in any setting. The consequences may continue long after the pandemic resolves, and new management modalities for dermatology may originate from the COVID-19 disaster. Learning from experience may help to cope with future major societal changes."}, {"pmid": 32325425, "pmcid": "PMC7193986", "title": "A Guide to Chatbots for COVID-19 Screening at Pediatric Health Care Facilities.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Espinoza, Juan", "Crown, Kelly", "Kulkarni, Omkar"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325425", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has required institutions to rapidly adapt to changing public health circumstances. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has encouraged health care facilities to explore novel health care delivery modes. However, many institutions may not be prepared to begin offering digital health and telehealth services. Chatbots are one digital health tool that can help evolve triage and screening processes in a scalable manner. Here, we present a decision-making and implementation framework for deploying COVID-19 screening chatbots at pediatric health care facilities."}, {"pmid": 32344166, "pmcid": "PMC7182753", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic-a focused review for clinicians.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Cevik, M", "Bamford, C G G", "Ho, A"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344166", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 remains a significant issue for global health, economics and society. A wealth of data has been generated since its emergence in December 2019, and it is vital for clinicians to keep up with this data from across the world at a time of uncertainty and constantly evolving guidelines and clinical practice. Here we provide an update for clinicians on the recent developments in the virology, diagnostics, clinical presentation, viral shedding, and treatment options for COVID-19 based on current literature. We considered published peer-reviewed papers and non-peer-reviewed pre-print manuscripts on COVID19 and related aspects with an emphasis on clinical management aspects. We describe the virological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and the clinical course of COVID-19 with an emphasis on diagnostic challenges, duration of viral shedding, severity markers and current treatment options. The key challenge in managing COVID-19 remains patient density. However, accurate diagnosis as well as early identification and management of high-risk severe cases are important for many clinicians. For improved management of cases, there is a need to understand test probability of serology, qRT-PCR and radiological testing, and the efficacy of available treatment options that could be used in severe cases with a high risk of mortality."}, {"pmid": 32335614, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: Shortage of Personal Protective Equipment, Use of Improvised Surrogates, and the Safety of Health Care Workers.", "journal": "J Nepal Health Res Counc", "authors": ["Shrestha, Gentle Sunder"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335614", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "NA."}, {"pmid": 32391664, "title": "[CT imaging features of patients with different clinical types of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Zhong, Qi", "Li, Zhi", "Shen, Xiaoyong", "Xu, Kaijin", "Shen, Yihong", "Fang, Qiang", "Chen, Feng", "Liang, Tingbo"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391664", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the CT findings of patients with different clinical types of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A total of 67 patients diagnosed as COVID-19 by nucleic acid testing were collected and divided into 4 groups according to the clinical stages based on Diagnosis and treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (trial version 6). The CT imaging characteristics were analyzed among patients with different clinical types. Among 67 patients, 3(4.5%) were mild, 35 (52.2%) were moderate, 22 (32.8%) were severe, and 7(10.4%) were critical ill. No significant abnormality in chest CT imaging in mild patients. The 35 cases of moderate type included 3 (8.6%) single lesions, the 22 cases of severe cases included 1 (4.5%) single lesion and the rest cases were with multiple lesions. CT images of moderate patients were mainly manifested by solid plaque shadow and halo sign (18/35, 51.4%); while fibrous strip shadow with ground glass shadow was more frequent in severe cases (7/22, 31.8%). Consolidation shadow as the main lesion was observed in 7 cases, and all of them were severe or critical ill patients. CT images of patients with different clinical types of COVID-19 have characteristic manifestations, and solid shadow may predict severe and critical illness."}, {"pmid": 32382823, "pmcid": "PMC7203502", "title": "HIV Care Continuum and COVID-19 Outcomes Among People Living with HIV During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Chicago, IL.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Ridgway, Jessica P", "Schmitt, Jessica", "Friedman, Eleanor", "Taylor, Michelle", "Devlin, Samantha", "McNulty, Moira", "Pitrak, David"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382823", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475028, "title": "The life in Japan and status of private dental office at the times of COVID-19.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Tada, Hidesuke", "Shao, Wenhua", "Ishimaru, Naozumi", "Kudo, Yasusei"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475028", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275792, "pmcid": "PMC7262148", "title": "Global challenges to urology practice during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BJU Int", "authors": ["Ahmed, Kamran", "Hayat, Sulaiman", "Dasgupta, Prokar"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275792", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389134, "pmcid": "PMC7237385", "title": "Emergency science: Epistemological insights on the response to COVID-19 pandemics.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Fortaleza, Carlos Magno Castelo Branco"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389134", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514716, "title": "Recommendation from Peking Union Medical College Hospital for urgent hemodialysis during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int Urol Nephrol", "authors": ["Chen, Gang", "Hu, Rongrong", "Wang, Ying", "Zhao, Xue", "Zhou, Yangzhong", "Song, Dan", "Xia, Jinghua", "Qin, Yan", "Chen, Limeng", "Li, Xuemei"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514716", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419720, "pmcid": "PMC7224643", "title": "Understanding COVID-19: Digit ratio (2D:4D) and sex differences in national case fatality rates.", "journal": "Early Hum Dev", "authors": ["Manning, John T", "Fink, Bernhard"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419720", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The reported national case fatality rates (CFRs) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) shows a sex bias with males > females. The relative lengths of the index (2D) and ring (4D) fingers (digit ratio; 2D:4D) is a sexually dimorphic (males < females) proxy of fetal sex steroids (low 2D:4D indicates high prenatal testosterone/low prenatal estrogen). To examine sex-specific relationships of 2D:4D per nation with national values of COVID-19 CFRs. COVID-19 CFRs and the percent of male deaths were related to mean national (self-reported) 2D:4D by sex and hand from a large online survey (the BBC Internet Study). 103,482 men and 83,366 women. Relationships of mean national 2D:4D with CFRs from 41 countries and with national male death rates from 16 countries. Male right and left hand 2D:4D showed positive relationships with CFR. These relationships remained significant after removing the influence of female 2D:4D. A positive association of male right and left 2D:4D was detected with the percentage of male deaths. At the national level, high mean 2D:4D (indicating low prenatal testosterone/high prenatal estrogen) is associated with high CFRs and percent male mortality. At the individual level, high 2D:4D may be a risk factor for severity of COVID-19 in males. We speculate that male 2D:4D is a negative correlate for expression of the SARS-CoV2 receptor (ACE2)."}, {"pmid": 32514313, "pmcid": "PMC7274061", "title": "Expanding access for COVID-19 patients by transforming a burn unit into a closed-circuit unit for surgical patients: experience from an academic medical center in Jordan.", "journal": "Patient Saf Surg", "authors": ["Bani Hani, Diab", "Altal, Omar", "Aleshawi, Abdelwahab", "Alhowary, Ala A", "Obeidat, Basil"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514313", "countries": ["Jordan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401723, "pmcid": "PMC7219358", "title": "COVID-19 and the Skin.", "journal": "Actas Dermosifiliogr", "authors": ["Catala Gonzalo, A", "Galvan Casas, C"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401723", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32113197, "title": "[Dynamic basic reproduction number based evaluation for current prevention and control of COVID-19 outbreak in China].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Huang, L L", "Shen, S P", "Yu, P", "Wei, Y Y"], "date": "2020-03-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32113197", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To evaluate the current status of the prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in China, establish a predictive model to evaluate the effects of the current prevention and control strategies, and provide scientific information for decision-making departments. Methods: Based on the epidemic data of COVID-19 openly accessed from national health authorities, we estimated the dynamic basic reproduction number R(0)(t) to evaluate the effects of the current COVID-19 prevention and control strategies in all the provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) as well as in Wuhan and the changes in infectivity of COVID-19 over time. Results: For the stability of the results, 24 provinces (municipality) with more than 100 confirmed COVID-19 cases were included in the analysis. At the beginning of the outbreak, the R(0)(t) showed unstable trend with big variances. As the strengthening of the prevention and control strategies, R(0)(t) began to show a downward trend in late January, and became stable in February. By the time of data analysis, 18 provinces (municipality) (75%) had the R(0)(t)s less than 1. The results could be used for the decision making to free population floating conditionally. Conclusions: Dynamic R(0)(t) is useful in the evaluation of the change in infectivity of COVID-19, the prevention and control strategies for the COVID-19 outbreak have shown preliminary effects, if continues, it is expected to control the COVID-19 outbreak in China in near future."}, {"pmid": 32302265, "pmcid": "PMC7265882", "title": "Association of Inpatient Use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers With Mortality Among Patients With Hypertension Hospitalized With COVID-19.", "journal": "Circ Res", "authors": ["Zhang, Peng", "Zhu, Lihua", "Cai, Jingjing", "Lei, Fang", "Qin, Juan-Juan", "Xie, Jing", "Liu, Ye-Mao", "Zhao, Yan-Ci", "Huang, Xuewei", "Lin, Lijin", "Xia, Meng", "Chen, Ming-Ming", "Cheng, Xu", "Zhang, Xiao", "Guo, Deliang", "Peng, Yuanyuan", "Ji, Yan-Xiao", "Chen, Jing", "She, Zhi-Gang", "Wang, Yibin", "Xu, Qingbo", "Tan, Renfu", "Wang, Haitao", "Lin, Jun", "Luo, Pengcheng", "Fu, Shouzhi", "Cai, Hongbin", "Ye, Ping", "Xiao, Bing", "Mao, Weiming", "Liu, Liming", "Yan, Youqin", "Liu, Mingyu", "Chen, Manhua", "Zhang, Xiao-Jing", "Wang, Xinghuan", "Touyz, Rhian M", "Xia, Jiahong", "Zhang, Bing-Hong", "Huang, Xiaodong", "Yuan, Yufeng", "Rohit, Loomba", "Liu, Peter P", "Li, Hongliang"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302265", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Use of ACEIs (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) and ARBs (angiotensin II receptor blockers) is a major concern for clinicians treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with hypertension. To determine the association between in-hospital use of ACEI/ARB and all-cause mortality in patients with hypertension and hospitalized due to COVID-19. This retrospective, multi-center study included 1128 adult patients with hypertension diagnosed with COVID-19, including 188 taking ACEI/ARB (ACEI/ARB group; median age 64 [interquartile range, 55-68] years; 53.2% men) and 940 without using ACEI/ARB (non-ACEI/ARB group; median age 64 [interquartile range 57-69]; 53.5% men), who were admitted to 9 hospitals in Hubei Province, China from December 31, 2019 to February 20, 2020. In mixed-effect Cox model treating site as a random effect, after adjusting for age, gender, comorbidities, and in-hospital medications, the detected risk for all-cause mortality was lower in the ACEI/ARB group versus the non-ACEI/ARB group (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.42 [95% CI, 0.19-0.92]; P=0.03). In a propensity score-matched analysis followed by adjusting imbalanced variables in mixed-effect Cox model, the results consistently demonstrated lower risk of COVID-19 mortality in patients who received ACEI/ARB versus those who did not receive ACEI/ARB (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.37 [95% CI, 0.15-0.89]; P=0.03). Further subgroup propensity score-matched analysis indicated that, compared with use of other antihypertensive drugs, ACEI/ARB was also associated with decreased mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.30 [95% CI, 0.12-0.70]; P=0.01) in patients with COVID-19 and coexisting hypertension. Among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and coexisting hypertension, inpatient use of ACEI/ARB was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality compared with ACEI/ARB nonusers. While study interpretation needs to consider the potential for residual confounders, it is unlikely that in-hospital use of ACEI/ARB was associated with an increased mortality risk."}, {"pmid": 32474351, "pmcid": "PMC7247489", "title": "Older adults and COVID-19 pandemic: Resilience matters.", "journal": "Arch Gerontol Geriatr", "authors": ["Chen, Liang-Kung"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474351", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428810, "pmcid": "PMC7215164", "title": "Do pets protect their owners in the COVID-19 era?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Jurgiel, Jan", "Filipiak, Krzysztof J", "Szarpak, Lukasz", "Jaguszewski, Milosz", "Smereka, Jacek", "Dzieciatkowski, Tomasz"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428810", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379104, "title": "Mortality Rates of Patients with Proximal Femoral Fracture in a Worldwide Pandemic: Preliminary Results of the Spanish HIP-COVID Observational Study.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Munoz Vives, Josep Maria", "Jornet-Gibert, Montsant", "Camara-Cabrera, J", "Esteban, Pedro L", "Brunet, Laia", "Delgado-Flores, Luis", "Camacho-Carrasco, P", "Torner, P", "Marcano-Fernandez, Francesc"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379104", "countries": ["China", "Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), in December 2019 in Wuhan, People's Republic of China, has developed into an unprecedented pandemic with enormous pressure on health-care providers around the world. A higher mortality rate has been described in older infected individuals. Patients with hip fracture are a particularly vulnerable population during this pandemic because older age is associated with a higher mortality rate. Our aim was to describe the early mortality rate and demographic variables in a hip fracture sample population in Spain during the coronavirus pandemic. This is a multicenter, observational, retrospective, descriptive study. We collected data from 13 major hospitals in Spain from the beginning of the national state of alarm (declared on March 14, 2020, by the Spanish government) until the end of our study period on April 4, 2020. All patients who were \u226565 years of age, presented to the Emergency Department of the participating hospitals during this period with a diagnosis of proximal femoral fracture, and had a minimum follow-up of 10 days were included in the cohort. In addition to mortality, demographic and other potential prognostic variables were also collected. In this study, 136 patients with a hip fracture were included. Of these patients, 124 underwent a surgical procedure and 12 were managed nonoperatively. The total mortality rate was 9.6%. Sixty-two patients were tested for COVID-19, with 23 patients being positive. The mortality rate for these 23 patients was 30.4% (7 of 23 patients) at a mean follow-up of 14 days. The mortality rate was 10.3% (4 of 39) for patients who had been tested and had a negative result and 2.7% (2 of 74) for patients who had not been tested. Of the 12 patients who were managed nonoperatively, 8 (67%) died, whereas, of the 124 patients who were surgically treated, 5 (4%) died. Results differed among centers. There is a higher mortality rate in patients with a hip fracture and an associated positive test for COVID-19. Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence."}, {"pmid": 32295694, "title": "COVID-19 vaccination clinical trials should consider multiple doses of BCG.", "journal": "Pharmazie", "authors": ["Ayoub, B M"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295694", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32057212, "title": "[Recommendations for general surgery clinical practice in novel coronavirus pneumonia situation].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Tao, K X", "Zhang, B X", "Zhang, P", "Zhu, P", "Wang, G B", "Chen, X P"], "date": "2020-02-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32057212", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) is a highly infectious disease, has a long incubation period and a variety of clinical manifestations, which has a significant impact on public health and life. Afterwards, scientific and standardized work processing during the epidemic is of great significance for prevention and control. In order to implement the central government's decision-making deployment and defeat the NCP as soon as possible, we had focused on the key points in the clinical work of general surgery according to latest relevant guidelines, literature and experience in epidemic prevention. Finally, we drafted the prevention and control strategies and recommendations to make a reference for medical staff of general surgery to fight NCP."}, {"pmid": 32303027, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic and Impending Global Mental Health Implications.", "journal": "Psychiatr Danub", "authors": ["Shuja, Kanwar Hamza", "Aqeel, Muhammad", "Jaffar, Abbas", "Ahmed, Ammar"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303027", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The increase in organisms transference and infectious pandemics across the globe have been accelerated by an increase in travel, international exchange and global changes in earth's climate. COVID-19, a virus caused by the novel coronavirus that was initially identified on December 2019, in Wuhan city of China is currently affecting 146 territories, states and countries raising distress, panic and increasing anxiety in individuals exposed to the (actual or supposed) peril of the virus across the globe. Fundamentally, these concerns ascend with all infections, including those of flu and other agents, and the same worldwide safeguards are compulsory and suggested for protection and the prevention of further diffusion. However, media has underlined COVID-19 as rather an exclusive threat, which has added to panic and stress in masses which can lead to several mental health issues like anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder which should be contained immediately in its initial phases."}, {"pmid": 32294477, "pmcid": "PMC7152871", "title": "Gastrointestinal Symptoms and COVID-19: Case-Control Study from the United States.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Nobel, Yael R", "Phipps, Meaghan", "Zucker, Jason", "Lebwohl, Benjamin", "Wang, Timothy C", "Sobieszczyk, Magdalena E", "Freedberg, Daniel E"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294477", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32308221, "pmcid": "PMC7144708", "title": "Imported Infections in Rural Mid-West United States - A Report from a Tertiary Care Center.", "journal": "Mo Med", "authors": ["Meyer, Amy", "Regunath, Hariharan", "Rojas-Moreno, Christian", "Salzer, William", "Christensen, Gordon"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308221", "countries": ["United States", "Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is lack of specific data on imported infections in the mid-west United States (U.S.). Retrospective data on demographic and geographic data of imported infections seen by the infectious diseases clinics and consultation service from 2001-2018 was collected. Of the 64 infections, tuberculosis(TB) was most common [20(31.3%); pulmonary(11,55%), lymphadenopathy(8,40%), gastrointestinal(4,20%), disseminated(2,10%), and 1(5%) each of genitourinary and vertebral spine infection, 4 Human immune-deficiency virus infection and 1 echinococcosis)] followed by malaria(11,17.2%). Other infections: Cysticercosis [7,10.9%], giardiasis (4,6.3%), 3 each (4.7%) Human T-lymphotrophic Virus infection and schistosomiasis, 2 each (3.1%) leprosy, strongyloidiasis, and typhoid fever, one each (1.6%) of ascariasis, brucellosis, Chagas disease, Chikungunya virus, hepatitis A virus, echinococcosis, Japanese encephalitis virus, loiasis, paratyphoid fever, Q fever, and unspecified parasitosis. Geographic origins: Africa(26,40.6%), Asia(16,25%), Central America(11,17.2%), Europe(2,3.1%), Oceania(2,3.1%), South America(2,3.1%), and Unknown(5). More cases were seen after 2015. With increasing tourism, it is important to educate rural mid-west healthcare professionals on travel medicine. The current COVID-19 pandemic illustrates the importance of this type of education and data accumulation now and in the future."}, {"pmid": 32240537, "title": "Post-donation COVID-19 identification in blood donors.", "journal": "Vox Sang", "authors": ["Kwon, So-Yong", "Kim, Eun-Jin", "Jung, Yu Soek", "Jang, Jin Sung", "Cho, Nam-Sun"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240537", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339082, "pmcid": "PMC7233402", "title": "CO-RADS - A categorical CT assessment scheme for patients with suspected COVID-19: definition and evaluation.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Prokop, Mathias", "van Everdingen, Wouter", "van Rees Vellinga, Tjalco", "Quarles van Ufford, Jet", "Stoger, Lauran", "Beenen, Ludo", "Geurts, Bram", "Gietema, Hester", "Krdzalic, Jasenko", "Schaefer-Prokop, Cornelia", "van Ginneken, Bram", "Brink, Monique"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339082", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Purpose To introduce the COVID-19 Reporting and Data System (CO-RADS) for standardized assessment of pulmonary involvement of COVID-19 on non-enhanced chest CT and report its initial interobserver agreement and performance. Methods The Dutch Radiological Society (NVvR) developed CO-RADS based on other efforts for standardization, such as Lung-RADS or BI-RADS. CO-RADS assesses the suspicion for pulmonary involvement of COVID-19 on a scale from 1 (very low) to 5 (very high). The system is meant to be used in patients presenting with moderate to severe symptoms of COVID-19. The system was evaluated using 105 chest CTs of patients admitted to the hospital with clinical suspicion of COVID-19 in whom RT-PCR was performed (62 +/- 16 years, 61 men, 53 with positive RT-PCR). Eight observers assessed the scans using CO-RADS. Fleiss' kappa was calculated, and scores of individual observers were compared to the median of the remaining seven observers. The resulting area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) was compared to results from RT-PCR and clinical diagnosis of COVID-19. Results There was absolute agreement among observers in 573 (68.2%) of 840 observations. Fleiss' kappa was 0.47 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45-0.47), with the highest kappa for CO-RADS categories 1 (0.58, 95% CI 0.54-0.62) and 5 (0.68, 95% CI 0.65-0.72). The average AUC was 0.91 (95% CI 0.85-0.97) for predicting RT-PCR outcome and 0.95 (95% CI 0.91-0.99) for clinical diagnosis. The false negative rate for CO-RADS 1 was 9/161 (5.6%, 95% CI 1.0-10%), and the false positive rate for CO-RADS 5 was 1/286 (0.3%, 95% CI 0-1.0%). Conclusions CO-RADS is a categorical assessment scheme for pulmonary involvement of COVID-19 on non-enhanced chest CT providing very good performance for predicting COVID-19 in patients with moderate to severe symptoms and has a substantial interobserver agreement, especially for categories 1 and 5."}, {"pmid": 32061202, "title": "[Suggestions from ophthalmic experts on eye protection during the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi", "date": "2020-02-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32061202", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503816, "title": "Oral Methioninase for Covid-19 Methionine-restriction Therapy.", "journal": "In Vivo", "authors": ["Hoffman, Robert M", "Han, Qinghong"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503816", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic is a world-wide crisis without an effective therapy. While most approaches to therapy are using repurposed drugs that were developed for other diseases, it is thought that targeting the biology of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes Covid-19, can result in an effective therapeutic treatment. The coronavirus RNA cap structure is methylated by two viral methyltransferases that transfer methyl groups from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). The proper methylation of the virus depends on the level of methionine in the host to form SAM. Herein, we propose to restrict methionine availability by treating the patient with oral recombinant methioninase, aiming to treat Covid-19. By restricting methionine we not only interdict viral replication, which depends on the viral RNA cap methyaltion, but also inhibit the proliferation of the infected cells, which have an increased requirement for methionine. Most importantly, the virally-induced T-cell- and macrophage-mediated cytokine storm, which seems to be a significant cause for Covid-19 deaths, can also be inhibited by restricting methionine, since T-cell and macrophrage activation greatly increases the methionine requirement for these cells. The evidence reviewed here suggests that oral recombinant methioninase could be a promising treatment for coronavirus patients."}, {"pmid": 32209313, "pmcid": "PMC7270501", "title": "New therapeutic opportunities for COVID-19 patients with Tocilizumab: Possible correlation of interleukin-6 receptor inhibitors with osteonecrosis of the jaws.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Bennardo, Francesco", "Buffone, Caterina", "Giudice, Amerigo"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209313", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401276, "pmcid": "PMC7221844", "title": "COVID-19 in Children With Cancer in New York City.", "journal": "JAMA Oncol", "authors": ["Boulad, Farid", "Kamboj, Mini", "Bouvier, Nancy", "Mauguen, Audrey", "Kung, Andrew L"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401276", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312621, "pmcid": "PMC7158828", "title": "Ethical questions related to Covid-19 and ENT practice.", "journal": "Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis", "authors": ["Simon, F"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312621", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397915, "title": "Platelet functions and activities as potential hematologic parameters related to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19).", "journal": "Platelets", "authors": ["Salamanna, Francesca", "Maglio, Melania", "Landini, Maria Paola", "Fini, Milena"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397915", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease that currently lacks standardized and established laboratory markers to evaluate its severity. In COVID-19 patients, the number of platelets (PLTs) and dynamic changes of PLT-related parameters are currently a concern. The present paper discusses the potential link between PLT parameters and COVID-19. Several studies have identified a link between severe COVID-19 patients and specific coagulation index, in particular, high D-dimer level, prolonged prothrombin time, and low PLT count. These alterations reflect the hypercoagulable state present in severe COVID-19 patients, which could promote microthrombosis in the lungs, as well as in other organs. Further information and more advanced hematological parameters related to PLTs are needed to better estimate this link, also considering COVID-19 patients at different disease stages and stratified in different cohorts based on preexisting co-morbidity, age, and gender. Increasing the understanding of PLT functions in COVID-19 will undoubtedly improve our knowledge on disease pathogenesis, clinical management, and therapeutic options, but could also lead to the development of more precise therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32445726, "pmcid": "PMC7239786", "title": "Covid-19 mortality in Italian doctors.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Manzoni, Paolo", "Milillo, Cristina"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445726", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420919, "title": "COVID-19 and Cities: from Urban Health strategies to the pandemic challenge. A Decalogue of Public Health opportunities.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Capolongo, Stefano", "Rebecchi, Andrea", "Buffoli, Maddalena", "Appolloni, Letizia", "Signorelli, Carlo", "Fara, Gaetano Maria", "D'Alessandro, Daniela"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420919", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, which nowadays has exceeded 2.5 million notified infections in the world and about 200,000 deaths, is a strong reminder that urbanization has changed the way that people and communities live, work, and interact, and it's necessary to make resilient the systems and local capacities to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. How we can re-design the concept of Public Health in relation to the built environment and the contemporary cities? According to the previous statements and scenario, aim of this paper is to integrate the Urban Health strategic objectives, focusing the possible responses, both immediate and medium-long term, to the current environmental, social, and economic aspects of the \"period\" of physical distancing.\u00a0 Results. Immediate Actions are 01. program the flexibility of city schedules; 02. plan a smart and sustainable mobility network; 03. define a neighborhood services' plan; 04. develop a digitization of the urban context, promoting the smart communities; 05. re-think the accessibility to the places of culture and tourism.\u00a0 Medium-long term Actions are 06. design the indoor flexibility of domestic living spaces; 07. re-think building typologies, fostering the presence of semi-private or collective spaces; 08. renovate the basic care services' network; 09. integrate the existing environmental emergency plans, with those related to the health emergencies; 10. improve stakeholders' awareness of the factors affecting Public Health in the cities. The Decalogue of Public Health opportunities may provide a useful basis for Designers (Architects and Urban Planners), Policy Makers, Public Health experts and Local Health Agencies, in promoting actions and policies aimed to transform our cities in healthier and Salutogenic living environments. (www.actabiomedica.it)."}, {"pmid": 32479771, "pmcid": "PMC7258846", "title": "A clinical risk score to identify patients with COVID-19 at high risk of critical care admission or death: an observational cohort study.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Galloway, James B", "Norton, Sam", "Barker, Richard D", "Brookes, Andrew", "Carey, Ivana", "Clarke, Benjamin D", "Jina, Raeesa", "Reid, Carole", "Russell, Mark D", "Sneep, Ruth", "Sugarman, Leah", "Williams, Sarah", "Yates, Mark", "Teo, James", "Shah, Ajay M", "Cantle, Fleur"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479771", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic continues to escalate. There is urgent need to stratify patients. Understanding risk of deterioration will assist in admission and discharge decisions, and help selection for clinical studies to indicate where risk of therapy-related complications is justified. An observational cohort of patients acutely admitted to two London hospitals with COVID-19 and positive SARS-CoV-2 swab results was assessed. Demographic details, clinical data, comorbidities, blood parameters and chest radiograph severity scores were collected from electronic health records. Endpoints assessed were critical care admission and death. A risk score was developed to predict outcomes. Analyses included 1,157 patients. Older age, male sex, comorbidities, respiratory rate, oxygenation, radiographic severity, higher neutrophils, higher CRP and lower albumin at presentation predicted critical care admission and mortality. Non-white ethnicity predicted critical care admission but not death. Social deprivation was not predictive of outcome. A risk score was developed incorporating twelve characteristics: age>40, male, non-white ethnicity, oxygen saturations<93%, radiological severity score>3, neutrophil count>8.0 x109/L, CRP>40\u202fmg/L, albumin<34\u202fg/L, creatinine>100\u202f\u00b5mol/L, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and chronic lung disease. Risk scores of 4 or higher corresponded to a 28-day cumulative incidence of critical care admission or death of 40.7% (95% CI: 37.1 to 44.4), versus 12.4% (95% CI: 8.2 to 16.7) for scores less than 4. Our study identified predictors of critical care admission and death in people admitted to hospital with COVID-19. These predictors were incorporated into a risk score that will inform clinical care and stratify patients for clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32342927, "title": "Diagnostic performance of COVID-19 serology assays.", "journal": "Malays J Pathol", "authors": ["Zainol Rashid, Z", "Othman, S N", "Abdul Samat, M N", "Ali, U K", "Wong, K K"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342927", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 outbreak as a world pandemic on 12th March 2020. Diagnosis of suspected cases is confirmed by nucleic acid assays with real-time PCR, using respiratory samples. Serology tests are comparatively easier to perform, but their utility may be limited by the performance and the fact that antibodies appear later during the disease course. We aimed to describe the performance data on serological assays for COVID-19. A review of multiple reports and kit inserts on the diagnostic performance of rapid tests from various manufacturers that are commercially available were performed. Only preliminary data are available currently. From a total of nine rapid detection test (RDT) kits, three kits offer total antibody detection, while six kits offer combination SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG detection in two separate test lines. All kits are based on colloidal gold-labeled immunochromatography principle and one-step method with results obtained within 15 minutes, using whole blood, serum or plasma samples. The sensitivity for both IgM and IgG tests ranges between 72.7% and 100%, while specificity ranges between 98.7% to 100%. Two immunochromatography using nasopharyngeal or throat swab for detection of COVID-19 specific antigen are also reviewed. There is much to determine regarding the value of serological testing in COVID-19 diagnosis and monitoring. More comprehensive evaluations of their performance are rapidly underway. The use of serology methods requires appropriate interpretations of the results and understanding the strengths and limitations of such tests."}, {"pmid": 32379302, "pmcid": "PMC7239223", "title": "Cardiac safety and potential efficacy: two reasons for considering minocycline in place of azithromycin in COVID-19 management.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother", "authors": ["Diana, Giovanni", "Strollo, Rocky", "Diana, Davide", "Strollo, Mirko", "Galassi, Alfredo R", "Crea, Filippo"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379302", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407898, "pmcid": "PMC7212945", "title": "Post-natal follow-up for women and neonates during the COVID-19 pandemic: French National Authority for Health recommendations.", "journal": "J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod", "authors": ["Vivanti, Alexandre J", "Deruelle, Philippe", "Picone, Olivier", "Guillaume, Sophie", "Roze, Jean-Christophe", "Mulin, Blandine", "Kochert, Fabienne", "De Beco, Isabelle", "Mahut, Sophie", "Gantois, Adrien", "Barasinski, Chloe", "Petitprez, Karine", "Pauchet-Traversat, Anne-Francoise", "Droy, Alcyone", "Benachi, Alexandra"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407898", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the context of the stage 3 SARS-Cov-2 epidemic situation, it is necessary to put forward a method of rapid response for an HAS position statement in order to answer to the requests from the French Ministry of Solidarity and Health, healthcare professionals and/or health system users' associations, concerning post-natal follow-up for women and neonates during the COVID-19 pandemic. A simplified 7-step process that favours HAS collaboration with experts (healthcare professionals, health system users' associations, scientific societies etc.), the restrictive selection of available evidence and the use of digital means of communication. A short and specific dissemination format, which can be quickly updated in view of the changes in available data has been chosen."}, {"pmid": 32471893, "title": "Covid-19: the ethics of clinical research in quarantine.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Evans, Nicholas G"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471893", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359910, "pmcid": "PMC7195101", "title": "Paediatric urology practice during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Pediatr Urol", "authors": ["Cini, Chiara", "Bortot, Giulia", "Sforza, Simone", "Mantovani, Alberto", "Landi, Luca", "Esposito, Ciro", "Escolino, Maria", "Masieri, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359910", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421281, "title": "Is there relationship between SARS-CoV 2 and the complement C3 and C4?", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Dheir, Hamad", "Sipahi, Savas", "Yaylaci, Selcuk", "Koroglu, Mehmet", "Erdem, Ali Fuat", "Karabay, Oguz"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421281", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and represents the causative agent of a potentially fatal disease that is declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. There remain a considerable number of questions that need to be answered to be able to understand this virus. Herein, we evaluated whether there is a relationship between covid-19 and complement 3 and complement 4 levels."}, {"pmid": 32281674, "pmcid": "PMC7262297", "title": "COVID-19 indirect contact transmission through the oral mucosa must not be ignored.", "journal": "J Oral Pathol Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Ze", "Zhang, Lichao", "Wang, Yanqiao"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281674", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489164, "title": "Lack of transparency during the COVID-19: nurturing a future and more devastating crisis.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Braillon, Alain"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489164", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342541, "pmcid": "PMC7267348", "title": "Head and neck surgical oncology in the time of a pandemic: Subsite-specific triage guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Maniakas, Anastasios", "Jozaghi, Yelda", "Zafereo, Mark E", "Sturgis, Erich M", "Su, Shirley Y", "Gillenwater, Ann M", "Gidley, Paul W", "Lewis, Carol M", "Diaz, Eduardo Jr", "Goepfert, Ryan P", "Kupferman, Michael E", "Gross, Neil D", "Hessel, Amy C", "Pytynia, Kristen B", "Nader, Marc-Elie", "Wang, Jennifer R", "Lango, Miriam N", "Kiong, Kimberley L", "Guo, Theresa", "Zhao, Xiao", "Yao, Christopher M K L", "Appelbaum, Eric", "Alpard, Jennifer", "Garcia, Jose A", "Terry, Shawn", "Flynn, Jill E", "Bauer, Sarah", "Fournier, Danielle", "Burgess, Courtlyn G", "Wideman, Cayla", "Johnston, Matthew", "You, Chenxi", "De Luna, Rolando", "Joseph, Liza", "Diersing, Julia", "Prescott, Kaitlin", "Heiberger, Katherine", "Mugartegui, Lilian", "Rodriguez, Jessica", "Zendehdel, Sara", "Sellers, Justin", "Friddell, Rebekah A", "Thomas, Ajay", "Khanjae, Sonam J", "Schwarzlose, Katherine B", "Chambers, Mark S", "Hofstede, Theresa M", "Cardoso, Richard C", "Wesson, Ruth Aponte", "Won, Alex", "Otun, Adegbenga O", "Gombos, Dan S", "Al-Zubidi, Nagham", "Hutcheson, Katherine A", "Gunn, G Brandon", "Rosenthal, David I", "Gillison, Maura L", "Ferrarotto, Renata", "Weber, Randal S", "Hanna, Ehab Y", "Myers, Jeffrey N", "Lai, Stephen Y"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342541", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic has strained human and material resources around the world. Practices in surgical oncology had to change in response to these resource limitations, triaging based on acuity, expected oncologic outcomes, availability of supportive resources, and safety of health care personnel. The MD Anderson Head and Neck Surgery Treatment Guidelines Consortium devised the following to provide guidance on triaging head and neck cancer (HNC) surgeries based on multidisciplinary consensus. HNC subsites considered included aerodigestive tract mucosa, sinonasal, salivary, endocrine, cutaneous, and ocular. Each subsite is presented separately with disease-specific recommendations. Options for alternative treatment modalities are provided if surgical treatment needs to be deferred. These guidelines are intended to help clinicians caring for patients with HNC appropriately allocate resources during a health care crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. We continue to advocate for individual consideration of cases in a multidisciplinary fashion based on individual patient circumstances and resource availability."}, {"pmid": 32416925, "pmcid": "PMC7203044", "title": "[Breast cancer screening and diagnosis at the end of the COVID-19 confinement period, practical aspects and prioritization rules: recommendations of 6 French health professionals societies].", "journal": "Bull Cancer", "authors": ["Ceugnart, Luc", "Delaloge, Suzette", "Balleyguier, Corinne", "Deghaye, Michel", "Veron, Lucie", "Kaufmanis, Aldis", "Mailliez, Audrey", "Poncelet, Edouard", "Lenczner, Gregory", "Verzaux, Laurent", "Gligorov, Joseph", "Thomassin-Naggara, Isabelle"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416925", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376532, "pmcid": "PMC7086133", "title": "[Consensus of Chinese experts on diagnosis and treatment processes of acute myocardial infarction in the context of prevention and control of COVID-19 (first edition)].", "journal": "Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao", "authors": ["Bu, Jun", "Chen, Mao", "Cheng, Xiaoshu", "Dong, Yifei", "Fang, Weiyi", "Ge, Junbo", "Gong, Yanjun", "He, Ben", "Huang, Lan", "Huo, Yong", "Jia, Shaobin", "Jiang, Jun", "Li, Yue", "Li, Zhao", "Liang, Chun", "Liu, Xuebo", "Liu, Zhenyu", "Ma, Xiang", "Ma, Yitong", "Qian, Juying", "Shen, Chengxing", "Shen, Difei", "Shen, Li", "Shi, Ruizheng", "Su, Xi", "Sun, Yingxian", "Tang, Yida", "Wang, Jianan", "Wu, Yue", "Xiang, Dingcheng", "Xu, Tongda", "Xu, Yawei", "Yang, Yuejin", "Zeng, Hesong", "Zhang, Cheng", "Zhang, Guogang", "Zhang, Ruiyan", "Zhang, Shuning", "Zhang, Yun", "Zhang, Zheng", "Zheng, Bo", "Zhou, Ning"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376532", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic starting in Wuhan in December, 2019 has spread rapidly throughout the nation. The control measures to contain the epidemic also produced influences on the transport and treatment process of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and adjustments in the management of the patients need to be made at this particular time. AMI is characterized by an acute onset with potentially fatal consequence, a short optimal treatment window, and frequent complications including respiratory infections and respiratory and circulatory failure, for which active on-site treatment is essential. To standardize the management and facilitate the diagnosis and treatment, we formulated the guidelines for the procedures and strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of AMI, which highlight 5 Key Principles, namely Nearby treatment, Safety protection, Priority of thrombolysis, Transport to designated hospitals, and Remote consultation. For AMI patients, different treatment strategies are selected based on the screening results of SARS-CoV-2, the time window of STEMI onset, and the vital signs of the patients. During this special period, the cardiologists, including the interventional physicians, should be fully aware of the indications and contraindications of thrombolysis. In the transport and treatment of AMI patients, the physicians should strictly observe the indications for patient transport with appropriate protective measurements of the medical staff."}, {"pmid": 32354706, "title": "From the Eye of the Storm: Multi-Institutional Practical Perspectives on Neuroradiology from the COVID-19 Outbreak in New York City.", "journal": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Phillips, C D", "Shatzkes, D R", "Moonis, G", "Hsu, K A", "Doshi, A", "Filippi, C G"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354706", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) pandemic, neuroradiology practices have experienced a paradigm shift in practice, which affected everything from staffing, workflow, work volumes, conferences, resident and fellowship education, and research. This article highlights adaptive strategies that were undertaken at the epicenter of the outbreak in New York City during the past 4-6 weeks, as experienced by 5 large neuroradiology academic departments."}, {"pmid": 32373705, "pmcid": "PMC7198431", "title": "Repurposing and reshaping of hospitals during the COVID-19 outbreak in South Korea.", "journal": "One Health", "authors": ["Her, Minyoung"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373705", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the extensive outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in South Korea, many strategies in the hospital setting, such as stratified patient care, the assignment of hospitals/beds by a task force team, and the establishment of dedicated COVID-19 hospitals, dedicated COVID-19 emergency centers, COVID-19 community facilities, and respiratory care split hospitals, were adopted to mitigate community transmission and prevent nosocomial infection. Most of these strategies were used during the Middle East Respiratory syndrome outbreak and were applied again successfully during the COVID-19 outbreak. The reallocation of health care capacity, repurposing of hospitals, and close collaboration between the government and the health care committee might have been the key to successfully addressing the crisis of COVID-19 given the shortage of health care resources."}, {"pmid": 32306862, "pmcid": "PMC7189413", "title": "Drug repurposing for coronavirus (COVID-19): in silico screening of known drugs against coronavirus 3CL hydrolase and protease enzymes.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Elmezayen, Ammar D", "Al-Obaidi, Anas", "Sahin, Alp Tegin", "Yelekci, Kemal"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306862", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, COVID-19 epidemic was described in Wuhan, China, and the infection has spread widely affecting hundreds of thousands. Herein, an effort was made to identify commercially available drugs in order to repurpose them against coronavirus by the means of structure-based virtual screening. In addition, ZINC15 library was used to identify novel leads against main proteases. Human TMPRSS2 3D structure was first generated using homology modeling approach. Our molecular docking study showed four potential inhibitors against Mpro enzyme, two available drugs (Talampicillin and Lurasidone) and two novel drug-like compounds (ZINC000000702323 and ZINC000012481889). Moreover, four promising inhibitors were identified against TMPRSS2; Rubitecan and Loprazolam drugs, and compounds ZINC000015988935 and ZINC000103558522. ADMET profile showed that the hits from our study are safe and drug-like compounds. Furthermore, molecular dynamic (MD) simulation and binding free energy calculation using the MM-PBSA method was performed to calculate the interaction energy of the top-ranked drugs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32271993, "pmcid": "PMC7262326", "title": "High prevalence of obesity in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) requiring invasive mechanical ventilation.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Simonnet, Arthur", "Chetboun, Mikael", "Poissy, Julien", "Raverdy, Violeta", "Noulette, Jerome", "Duhamel, Alain", "Labreuche, Julien", "Mathieu, Daniel", "Pattou, Francois", "Jourdain, Merce"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271993", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is rapidly spreading worldwide, notably in Europe and North America where obesity is highly prevalent. The relation between obesity and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has not been fully documented. This retrospective cohort study analyzed the relationship between clinical characteristics, including BMI,\u00a0and the requirement for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in 124 consecutive patients admitted in intensive care for SARS-CoV-2 in a single French center. Obesity (BMI\u2009>\u200930) and severe obesity (BMI\u2009>\u200935) were present in 47.6% and 28.2% of cases, respectively. Overall, 85 patients (68.6%) required IMV. The proportion of patients who required IMV increased with BMI categories (P\u2009<\u20090.01, \u03c72 test for trend), and it was greatest in patients with BMI\u2009>\u200935 (85.7%). In multivariate logistic regression, the need for IMV was significantly associated with male sex (P\u2009<\u20090.05) and BMI (P\u2009<\u20090.05), independent of age, diabetes, and hypertension. The odds ratio for IMV in patients with BMI\u2009>\u200935 versus patients with BMI\u2009<\u200925 was\u00a07.36 (1.63-33.14; P\u2009=\u20090.02). The present study showed a high frequency of obesity among patients admitted in intensive care for SARS-CoV-2. Disease severity increased with BMI. Obesity is a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 severity, requiring increased attention to preventive measures in susceptible individuals."}, {"pmid": 32277040, "pmcid": "PMC7164392", "title": "Structure of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from COVID-19 virus.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Gao, Yan", "Yan, Liming", "Huang, Yucen", "Liu, Fengjiang", "Zhao, Yao", "Cao, Lin", "Wang, Tao", "Sun, Qianqian", "Ming, Zhenhua", "Zhang, Lianqi", "Ge, Ji", "Zheng, Litao", "Zhang, Ying", "Wang, Haofeng", "Zhu, Yan", "Zhu, Chen", "Hu, Tianyu", "Hua, Tian", "Zhang, Bing", "Yang, Xiuna", "Li, Jun", "Yang, Haitao", "Liu, Zhijie", "Xu, Wenqing", "Guddat, Luke W", "Wang, Quan", "Lou, Zhiyong", "Rao, Zihe"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277040", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus [severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)] outbreak has caused a global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, resulting in tens of thousands of infections and thousands of deaths worldwide. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase [(RdRp), also named nsp12] is the central component of coronaviral replication and transcription machinery, and it appears to be a primary target for the antiviral drug remdesivir. We report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of COVID-19 virus full-length nsp12 in complex with cofactors nsp7 and nsp8 at 2.9-angstrom resolution. In addition to the conserved architecture of the polymerase core of the viral polymerase family, nsp12 possesses a newly identified \u03b2-hairpin domain at its N terminus. A comparative analysis model shows how remdesivir binds to this polymerase. The structure provides a basis for the design of new antiviral therapeutics that target viral RdRp."}, {"pmid": 32381497, "pmcid": "PMC7236826", "title": "Abnormal pulmonary function in COVID-19 patients at time of hospital discharge.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Mo, Xiaoneng", "Jian, Wenhua", "Su, Zhuquan", "Chen, Mu", "Peng, Hui", "Peng, Ping", "Lei, Chunliang", "Li, Shiyue", "Chen, Ruchong", "Zhong, Nanshan"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381497", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339089, "title": "Issues on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pathogenesis.", "journal": "Viral Immunol", "authors": ["Silva Junior, Jose Valter Joaquim", "Lopes, Thaisa Regina Rocha", "de Oliveira, Pablo Sebastian Britto", "Weiblen, Rudi", "Flores, Eduardo Furtado"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339089", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268923, "pmcid": "PMC7138957", "title": "Traditional Chinese herbal medicine for treating novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Syst Rev", "authors": ["Li, Yuxi", "Liu, Xiaobo", "Guo, Liuxue", "Li, Juan", "Zhong, Dongling", "Zhang, Yonggang", "Clarke, Mike", "Jin, Rongjiang"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268923", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new type of coronavirus, novel coronavirus (COVID-19), is causing an increasing number of cases of pneumonia and was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization on 30 January 2020. The virus first appeared in Wuhan, China, in late December 2019, and traditional Chinese herbal medicine is being used for its treatment. This systematic review and meta-analysis will assess studies of the effects of traditional Chinese herbal medicine in COVID-19 pneumonia. We will search electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP), and Wanfang database using keywords related to COVID-19 and traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Reference lists of relevant trials and reviews will be searched. We will manually search gray literature, such as conference proceedings and academic degree dissertations, and trial registries. Two independent reviewers will screen studies (XL and DZ), extract data (YL and LG), and evaluate risk of bias (YL and DZ). Data analysis will be conducted using the Review Manager software (version 5.3.5) and R software (version 3.6.1). Statistical heterogeneity will be assessed using a standard chi-square test with a significance level of P < 0.10. Biases associated with study size (e.g., publication bias) will be investigated using funnel plots, Egger's test and Begg's test, and Trim and Fill analysis. This study will provide a high-quality synthesis of the effects of traditional Chinese herbal medicine for COVID-19. The use of traditional Chinese herbal medicine for treatment or prevention of these novel viral infections affecting the pneumonia will be investigated. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020168004."}, {"pmid": 32193638, "pmcid": "PMC7088323", "title": "Chest CT manifestations of new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pictorial review.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Ye, Zheng", "Zhang, Yun", "Wang, Yi", "Huang, Zixiang", "Song, Bin"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32193638", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, first reported in Wuhan, China, has rapidly swept around the world just within a month, causing global public health emergency. In diagnosis, chest computed tomography (CT) manifestations can supplement parts of limitations of real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. Based on a comprehensive literature review and the experience in the frontline, we aim to review the typical and relatively atypical CT manifestations with representative COVID-19 cases at our hospital, and hope to strengthen the recognition of these features with radiologists and help them make a quick and accurate diagnosis.Key Points \u2022 Ground glass opacities, consolidation, reticular pattern, and crazy paving pattern are typical CT manifestations of COVID-19. \u2022 Emerging atypical CT manifestations, including airway changes, pleural changes, fibrosis, nodules, etc., were demonstrated in COVID-19 patients. \u2022 CT manifestations may associate with the progression and prognosis of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32357381, "pmcid": "PMC7267250", "title": "Respiratory sampling for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: An Overview.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["See, Anna", "Toh, Song Tar"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357381", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and was declared a pandemic in March 2020. A plethora of respiratory sampling methods for SARS-CoV-2 viral detection has been used and in the current evolving situation, there is no international consensus on the recommended method of respiratory sampling for diagnosis. Otolaryngologists deal intimately with the upper respiratory tract and a clear understanding of the respiratory sampling methods is of paramount importance. This article aims to provide an overview of the various methods and their evidence till date."}, {"pmid": 32397005, "pmcid": "PMC7272944", "title": "Deaths in healthcare workers due to COVID-19: the need for robust data and analysis.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Kursumovic, E", "Lennane, S", "Cook, T M"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397005", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32229802, "title": "Emergency cesarean section on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2) confirmed patient.", "journal": "Korean J Anesthesiol", "authors": ["Lee, Dong Hwan", "Lee, Jihyang", "Kim, Eunju", "Woo, Kyeongyoon", "Park, Hak Youle", "An, Jihyun"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229802", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first case of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) occurred in Wuhan in December 2019, the virus has spread globally. The World Health Organization declared the virus outbreak a pandemic on March 11, 2020. On January 19, 2020, a 35-year-old woman who returned from China was confirmed as the first SARS-CoV-2 infected case in Korea. Since then, it has spread all over Korea. We report the first case of a SARS-CoV-2 positive woman delivering a baby through cesarean section at 37+6 weeks of pregnancy in the Republic of Korea. This case suggested that negative pressure operating room, skillful medical team, and enhanced personal protective equipment including N95 masks, surgical cap, double gown, double gloves, shoe covers, and powered air-purifying respirator are required at the hospital for safe delivery in such a case."}, {"pmid": 32408155, "pmcid": "PMC7202802", "title": "Severe COVID-19 infection in a patient with multiple sclerosis treated with fingolimod.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Foerch, Christian", "Friedauer, Lucie", "Bauer, Boris", "Wolf, Timo", "Adam, Elisabeth H"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408155", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Fingolimod is used for immune therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis. Long-term treatment is associated with a small increase in the risk of herpes virus reactivation and respiratory tract infections. Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) under Fingolimod treatment have not been described. We report a 57-year old female patient with a relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis under fingolimod treatment who experienced a severe COVID-19 infection in March 2020 (Extended Disability Status Scale: 2.0). Having peripheral lymphopenia typical for fingolimod treatment (total lymphocytes 0.39/nL [reference range 1.22-3.56]), the patient developed bilateral interstitial pneumonia with multiple ground-glass opacities on chest CT. Fingolimod medication was stopped. On the intensive care unit, non-invasive ventilation was used to provide oxygen and ventilation support regularly. Over the following two days, oxygenation improved, and the patient was transferred to a normal ward five days after admission. The implications fingolimod has on COVID-19 are complex. As an S1P analogue, fingolimod might enhance lung endothelial cell integrity. In addition, in case of a so-called cytokine storm, immunomodulation might be beneficial to reduce mortality. Future studies are needed to explore the risks and therapeutic effects of fingolimod in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32303856, "pmcid": "PMC7162735", "title": "Digital triage for people with multiple sclerosis in the age of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Bonavita, Simona", "Tedeschi, Gioacchino", "Atreja, Ashish", "Lavorgna, Luigi"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303856", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We propose a possible approach for the remote monitoring of infection risk in people with multiple sclerosis, especially those on immunosuppressant drugs, during COVID-19 pandemic. We developed a digital triage tool to be sent to patients to quickly identify people with high risk of COVID-19 infection. This tool will also limit unnecessary accesses to the MS centers reducing the risk of spreading the infection."}, {"pmid": 32500518, "pmcid": "PMC7270156", "title": "Endocrine surgery during COVID-19 pandemic: do we need an update of indications in Italy?", "journal": "Endocrine", "authors": ["Lombardi, Celestino Pio", "D'Amore, Annamaria", "Grani, Giorgio", "Ramundo, Valeria", "Boscherini, Mauro", "Gordini, Luca", "Marzi, Federica", "Tedesco, Silvia", "Bocale, Raffaella"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500518", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a significant threat to global health. As the coronavirus outbreak began spreading, hospitals were forced to relocate resources to treat the growing number of COVID-19 patients. As a consequence, doctors across the country canceled tens of thousands of nonurgent surgeries. However, recognizing that the COVID-19 situation may be highly variable and fluid in different communities across the country, elective surgery could be still allowed in some centers for patients included in the high-priority class. The majority of endocrine disorders requiring surgical treatment in patients identifiable as first-priority class, or needing hospitalization within 30 days, are generally represented by malignant thyroid tumors, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, and some adrenal disorders. The need for urgent intervention is evaluated on a case-by-case basis according to the severity of the symptoms, the likelihood of progression, and global clinical judgment. On the basis of the above indications, during the last 4 weeks, we performed 18 planned surgical treatments in patients with thyroid cancer (total thyroidectomies, plus lymph node dissection if needed) or multinodular toxic goiter. In no case, postoperative ventilatory support was needed, and the average hospital stay was 3 days. The negative COVID-19 status for all the treated patients was appropriately evaluated beforehand. Nobody knows how long the current COVID-19 pandemic will be lasting. Certainly, we will be requested in the next future to incrementally offer surgical services for endocrine disorders that have been deferred for the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32425273, "pmcid": "PMC7231736", "title": "Pulmonary embolism and Sars-Cov-2 infection: a new indication for surgical pulmonary endarterectomy?", "journal": "Heart Lung", "authors": ["Pilato, Emanuele", "Manzo, Rachele", "Comentale, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425273", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32375025, "pmcid": "PMC7199733", "title": "Structural Basis for Potent Neutralization of Betacoronaviruses by Single-Domain Camelid Antibodies.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Wrapp, Daniel", "De Vlieger, Dorien", "Corbett, Kizzmekia S", "Torres, Gretel M", "Wang, Nianshuang", "Van Breedam, Wander", "Roose, Kenny", "van Schie, Loes", "Hoffmann, Markus", "Pohlmann, Stefan", "Graham, Barney S", "Callewaert, Nico", "Schepens, Bert", "Saelens, Xavier", "McLellan, Jason S"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375025", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses make use of a large envelope protein called spike (S) to engage host cell receptors and catalyze membrane fusion. Because of the vital role that these S proteins play, they represent a vulnerable target for the development of therapeutics. Here, we describe the isolation of single-domain antibodies (VHHs) from a llama immunized with prefusion-stabilized coronavirus spikes. These VHHs neutralize MERS-CoV or SARS-CoV-1\u00a0S pseudotyped viruses, respectively. Crystal structures of these VHHs bound to their respective viral targets reveal two distinct epitopes, but both VHHs interfere with receptor binding. We also show cross-reactivity between the SARS-CoV-1 S-directed VHH and SARS-CoV-2\u00a0S and demonstrate that this cross-reactive VHH neutralizes SARS-CoV-2\u00a0S pseudotyped viruses as a bivalent human IgG Fc-fusion. These data provide a molecular basis for the neutralization of pathogenic betacoronaviruses by VHHs and suggest that these molecules may serve as useful therapeutics during coronavirus outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32405423, "pmcid": "PMC7213074", "title": "Minimum costs to manufacture new treatments for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Virus Erad", "authors": ["Hill, Andrew", "Wang, Junzheng", "Levi, Jacob", "Heath, Katie", "Fortunak, Joseph"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405423", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "'Repurposing' existing drugs to treat COVID-19 is vital to reducing mortality and controlling the pandemic. Several promising drugs have been identified and are in various stages of clinical trials globally. If efficacy of these drugs is demonstrated, rapid, mass availability at an affordable cost would be essential to ensuring equity and access especially amongst low- and middle-income economies. Minimum costs of production were estimated from the costs of active pharmaceutical ingredients using established methodology, which had good predictive accuracy for medicines for hepatitis C and HIV amongst others. Data were extracted from global export shipment records or analysis of the route of chemical synthesis. The estimated costs were compared with list prices from a range of countries where pricing data were available. Minimum estimated costs of production were US $0.93/day for remdesivir, $1.45/day for favipiravir, $0.08/day for hydroxychloroquine, $0.02/day for chloroquine, $0.10/day for azithromycin, $0.28/day for lopinavir/ritonavir, $0.39/day for sofosbuvir/daclatasvir and $1.09/day for pirfenidone. Costs of production ranged between $0.30 and $31 per treatment course (10-28 days). Current prices of these drugs were far higher than the costs of production, particularly in the US. Should repurposed drugs demonstrate efficacy against COVID-19, they could be manufactured profitably at very low costs, for much less than current list prices. Estimations for the minimum production costs can strengthen price negotiations and help ensure affordable access to vital treatment for COVID-19 at low prices globally."}, {"pmid": 32343659, "pmcid": "PMC7196842", "title": "A Moderate Case of COVID-19 Viral Pneumonia During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.", "journal": "Dtsch Arztebl Int", "authors": ["Spinner, Christoph D", "Schuldt, Alexander", "Schuster, Jorg"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343659", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463200, "title": "Treatment of multiple sclerosis under the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen", "authors": ["Holmoy, Trygve", "Torkildsen, Oivind", "Bo, Lars"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463200", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371416, "pmcid": "PMC7222871", "title": "Family cluster of three recovered cases of pneumonia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.", "journal": "BMJ Case Rep", "authors": ["Xiong, Yong", "Song, Shihui", "Ye, Guangming", "Wang, Xinghuan"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371416", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in Wuhan, China, in late 2019 and has affected more than 1\u2009270\u2009000 people worldwide. The numbers of reported cases continue to rise and threaten global health. Transmissions among family members are frequently observed, although the route of transmission is partially known. Here we report three cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection within one family. Sequencing of the S gene of the viral genome showed 100% identity among samples, suggesting that the same strain caused the infection. Following treatment with oseltamivir and short-term methylprednisolone combined with symptomatic management, all three patients recovered within 3\u2009weeks, as evidenced by the disappearance of their symptoms, clearance of pulmonary infiltrates and consecutive negative molecular diagnostic test findings. Our observations suggest the importance of preventing family transmission and the efficacy of current integrated treatment for mild/moderate pneumonia in COVID-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32341628, "pmcid": "PMC7184012", "title": "Mathematical Modeling of COVID-19 Transmission Dynamics with a Case Study of Wuhan.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Ndairou, Faical", "Area, Ivan", "Nieto, Juan J", "Torres, Delfim F M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341628", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We propose a compartmental mathematical model for the spread of the COVID-19 disease with special focus on the transmissibility of super-spreaders individuals. We compute the basic reproduction number threshold, we study the local stability of the disease free equilibrium in terms of the basic reproduction number, and we investigate the sensitivity of the model with respect to the variation of each one of its parameters. Numerical simulations show the suitability of the proposed COVID-19 model for the outbreak that occurred in Wuhan, China."}, {"pmid": 32339534, "pmcid": "PMC7195096", "title": "COVID-19 and diabetes: Is metformin a friend or foe?", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Ursini, Francesco", "Ciaffi, Jacopo", "Landini, Maria Paola", "Meliconi, Riccardo"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339534", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425955, "pmcid": "PMC7203467", "title": "Potential SARS-CoV-2 Preimmune IgM Epitopes.", "journal": "Front Immunol", "authors": ["Shivarov, Velizar", "Petrov, Peter K", "Pashov, Anastas D"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425955", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While studying the human public IgM igome as represented by a library of 224,087 linear mimotopes, three exact matches to peptides in the proteins of SARS-CoV-2 were found: two in the open reading frame 1ab and one in the spike protein. Joining the efforts to fast track SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development, here we describe briefly these potential epitopes in comparison to mimotopes representing peptides of SARS-CoV, HCoV 229E and OC43."}, {"pmid": 32334422, "title": "Smartphone-based multiplex 30-minute nucleic acid test of live virus from nasal swab extract.", "journal": "Lab Chip", "authors": ["Sun, Fu", "Ganguli, Anurup", "Nguyen, Judy", "Brisbin, Ryan", "Shanmugam, Krithika", "Hirschberg, David L", "Wheeler, Matthew B", "Bashir, Rashid", "Nash, David M", "Cunningham, Brian T"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334422", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rapid, sensitive and specific detection and reporting of infectious pathogens is important for patient management and epidemic surveillance. We demonstrated a point-of-care system integrated with a smartphone for detecting live virus from nasal swab media, using a panel of equine respiratory infectious diseases as a model system for corresponding human diseases such as COVID-19. Specific nucleic acid sequences of five pathogens were amplified by loop-mediated isothermal amplification on a microfluidic chip and detected at the end of reactions by the smartphone. Pathogen-spiked horse nasal swab samples were correctly diagnosed using our system, with a limit of detection comparable to that of the traditional lab-based test, polymerase chain reaction, with results achieved in \u223c30 minutes."}, {"pmid": 32381484, "title": "Covid-19: Health needs of sex workers are being sidelined, warn agencies.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Howard, Sally"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381484", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32368799, "pmcid": "PMC7267632", "title": "Utility of Tracheostomy in Patients With COVID-19 and Other Special Considerations.", "journal": "Laryngoscope", "authors": ["Mecham, Jeffrey C", "Thomas, Olivia J", "Pirgousis, Phillip", "Janus, Jeffrey R"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368799", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients who become severely ill from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have a high likelihood of needing prolonged intubation, making tracheostomy a likely consideration. The infectious nature of COVID-19 poses an additional risk of transmission to healthcare workers that should be taken into consideration. We explore current literature and recommendations for tracheostomy in patients with COVID-19 and look back at previous data from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1), the virus responsible for the SARS outbreak of 2003. Given the severity and clinical uncertainty of patients with COVID-19 and the increased risk of transmission to clinicians, careful consideration should be taken prior to performing tracheostomy. If tracheostomy is performed, we recommend a bedside approach to limit exposure time and number of exposed personnel. Bronchoscopy use with a percutaneous approach should be limited in order to decrease viral exposure. Thorough preprocedural planning, use of experienced personnel, enhanced personal protective equipment where available, and a thoughtful anesthesia approach are instrumental in maximizing positive patient outcomes while successfully protecting the safety of healthcare personnel. Laryngoscope, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32385433, "title": "Saliva testing for COVID-19?", "journal": "Br Dent J", "authors": ["Sapkota, D", "Thapa, S B", "Hasseus, B", "Jensen, J L"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385433", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32174284, "title": "A Generic Computer-Assisted Four-Pronged Approach for the Management of Emerging Global Pathogens: Some Comments on COVID-19.", "journal": "Curr Comput Aided Drug Des", "authors": ["Basak, Subhash C", "Majumdar, Subhabrata", "Vracko, Marjan", "Nandy, Ashesh", "Bhattacharjee, Apurba"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32174284", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434282, "title": "Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin to Treat Patients With COVID-19: Both Friends and Foes?", "journal": "J Clin Pharmacol", "authors": ["Megarbane, Bruno", "Scherrmann, Jean-Michel"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434282", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238177, "pmcid": "PMC7112750", "title": "Emerging infectious diseases and outbreaks: implications for women's reproductive health and rights in resource-poor settings.", "journal": "Reprod Health", "authors": ["Chattu, Vijay Kumar", "Yaya, Sanni"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238177", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This century is witnessing dramatic changes in the health needs of the world's populations. The double burden of infectious and chronic diseases constitutes major causes of morbidity and mortality. Over the last two decades, there has been a rise in infectious diseases, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS), the H1N1 pandemic influenza, the Ebolavirus and the Covid-19 virus. These diseases have rapidly spread across the world and have reminded us of the unprecedented connectivity that defines our modern civilization. Though some countries have made substantial progress toward improving global surveillance for emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), the vast majority of Low-and Middle-income Countries (LMICs) with fragile health systems and various system-related bottlenecks remain vulnerable to outbreaks and, as such, experience dramatic social and economic consequences when they are reported. Lessons learned from past outbreaks suggest that gender inequalities are common across a range of health issues relating to Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR), with women being particularly disadvantaged, partially due to the burden placed on them. Though these countries are striving to improve their health systems and be more inclusive to this vulnerable group, the national/ global outbreaks have burdened the overall system and thus paralyzed normal services dedicated to the delivery of Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) services. In this paper, we discuss the global commitments to SRH, the impact of the EIDs on the LMICs, the failure in the delivery of SRH services, and the strategies for successful implementation of recovery plans that must address the specific and differentiated needs of women and girls in resource-poor settings."}, {"pmid": 32293646, "pmcid": "PMC7160748", "title": "Rates of Co-infection Between SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Pathogens.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Kim, David", "Quinn, James", "Pinsky, Benjamin", "Shah, Nigam H", "Brown, Ian"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293646", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499303, "title": "Famotidine use and quantitative symptom tracking for COVID-19 in non-hospitalised patients: a case series.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Janowitz, Tobias", "Gablenz, Eva", "Pattinson, David", "Wang, Timothy C", "Conigliaro, Joseph", "Tracey, Kevin", "Tuveson, David"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499303", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Treatment options for non-hospitalised patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to reduce morbidity, mortality and spread of the disease are an urgent global need. The over-the-counter histamine-2 receptor antagonist famotidine is a putative therapy for COVID-19. We quantitively assessed longitudinal changes in patient reported outcome measures in non-hospitalised patients with COVID-19 who self-administered high-dose famotidine orally. Patients were enrolled consecutively after signing written informed consent. Data on demographics, COVID-19 diagnosis, famotidine use, drug-related side effects, temperature measurements, oxygen saturations and symptom scores were obtained using questionnaires and telephone interviews. Based on a National Institute of Health (NIH)-endorsed Protocol to research Patient Experience of COVID-19, we collected longitudinal severity scores of five symptoms (cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, headaches and anosmia) and general unwellness on a four-point ordinal scale modelled on performance status scoring. All data are reported at the patient level. Longitudinal combined normalised symptom scores were statistically compared. Ten consecutive patients with COVID-19 who self-administered high-dose oral famotidine were identified. The most frequently used famotidine regimen was 80\u2009mg three times daily (n=6) for a median of 11 days (range: 5-21 days). Famotidine was well tolerated. All patients reported marked improvements of disease related symptoms after starting famotidine. The combined symptom score improved significantly within 24\u2009hours of starting famotidine and peripheral oxygen saturation (n=2) and device recorded activity (n=1) increased. The results of this case series suggest that high-dose oral famotidine is well tolerated and associated with improved patient-reported outcomes in non-hospitalised patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32479844, "pmcid": "PMC7260521", "title": "Decontamination of Surgical Face Masks and N95 Respirators by Dry Heat Pasteurization for One Hour at 70 degrees C.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Xiang, Yi", "Song, Qifa", "Gu, Wenzhen"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479844", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The need for protective masks greatly exceeds their global supply during the current COVID-19 pandemic. We optimized the temperature used in the dry heat pasteurization method to destroy pathogens and decontaminate masks while retaining their filtering capacity. The current study showed that dry heat at both 60\u00b0C and 70\u00b0C for one hour could successfully kill six species of respiratory bacteria and one fungi species, and inactivate the H1N1 indicator virus. After being heated at 70\u00b0C for 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h, the N95 respirators and surgical face masks showed no changes in their shape and components. The filtering efficiency of bacterial aerosol for N95 respirators were 98%, 98%, and 97% after being heated for 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h, respectively, all of which were over the 95% efficiency required and similar to the value before being heated (99%). The filtering efficiency for surgical face masks was 97%, 97%, and 96% for 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h of heating, respectively, all of which were also similar to the value before being heated (97%). This method can be used at home and can resolve the current shortage of masks."}, {"pmid": 32409514, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: regional anesthesia should be the new norm!", "journal": "Reg Anesth Pain Med", "authors": ["Mistry, Tuhin", "Singh, Shiv Kumar"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409514", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506837, "title": "SARS-COV-2 children transmission: the evidence is that today we do not have enough evidence.", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Garcia-Salido, Alberto"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506837", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "I have read with interest the review by Ludvigsson on the role of children as transmitters of the new coronavirus (SARS-COV-2). An in-depth review of the current literature focused on 40 published articles and 7 non-peer reviewed papers1 . All the papers included have been done under lockdown conditions. As a consequence, we should not ignore a main bias of this review1 . The main conclusion we can draw now is that under confined conditions, children are not the main drivers of the COVID-19 pandemic. And \"Confined\" is not a normal situation."}, {"pmid": 32502829, "pmcid": "PMC7253952", "title": "Why we need longitudinal mental health research with children and youth during (and after) the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Wade, Mark", "Prime, Heather", "Browne, Dillon T"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502829", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32214286, "title": "Expanded Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells (UC-MSCs) as a Therapeutic Strategy in Managing Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: The Case for Compassionate Use.", "journal": "Pain Physician", "authors": ["Atluri, Sairam", "Manchikanti, Laxmaiah", "Hirsch, Joshua A"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32214286", "countries": ["United States", "China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has affected the United States leading to a national emergency with health care and economic impact, propelling the country into a recession with disrupted lifestyles not seen in recent history. COVID-19 is a serious illness leading to multiple deaths in various countries including the United States. Several million Americans satisfy the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria for being high risk. Unfortunately, the available supply of medical beds and equipment for mechanical ventilation are much less than is projected to be needed. The World Health Organization (WHO) and multiple agencies led by the CDC in the United States have attempted to organize intensive outbreak investigation programs utilizing appropriate preventive measures, evaluation, and treatment. The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 varies from asymptomatic forms to conditions encompassing multiorgan and systemic manifestations in terms of septic shock, and multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) syndromes. The presently approved treatments are supportive but not curative for the disease. There are multiple treatments being studied. These include vaccines, medications Remdesivir and hydroxychloroquine and potentially combination therapy. Finally, expanded umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells or (UC-MSCs) may have a role and are being studied. The cure of COVID-19 is essentially dependent on the patients' own immune system. When the immune system is over activated in an attempt to kill the virus, this can lead to the production of a large number of inflammatory factors, resulting in severe cytokine storm. The cytokine storm may induce organ damage followed by the edema, dysfunction of air exchange, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute cardiac injury, and secondary infection, which may lead to death. Thus, at this point, the avoidance of the cytokine storm may be the key for the treatment of HCOV-19 infected patients.In China, where there was limited availability of effective modalities to manage COVID-19 several patients were treated with expanded UC-MSCs. Additionally, the Italian College of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation and Intensive Care have reported guidelines to treat coronavirus patients with stem cells in the hope of decreasing the number of patients going to the ICU, and, also relatively quickly getting them out of ICU. In this manuscript, we describe the urgent need for various solutions, pathogenesis of coronavirus and the clinical evidence for treatment of COVID-19 with stem cells. The limited but emerging evidence regarding UC MSC in managing COVID-19 suggests that it might be considered for compassionate use in critically ill patients to reduce morbidity and mortality in the United States. The administration and Coronavirus Task Force might wish to approach the potential of expanded UC-MSCs as an evolutionary therapeutic strategy in managing COVID-19 illness with a 3-pronged approach: If proven safe and effective on a specific and limited basis\u20261. Minimize regulatory burden by all agencies so that critically ill COVID-19 patients will have access regardless of their financial circumstance.2. Institute appropriate safeguards to avoid negative consequences from unscrupulous actors.3. With proper informed consent from patients or proxy when necessary, and subject to accumulation of data in that cohort, allow the procedure to be initiated in critically ill patients who are not responding to conventional therapies.KEY WORDS: Coronavirus, COVID-19, cytokine storm, multiorgan failure, expanded umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells."}, {"pmid": 32272630, "title": "Lung Involvement Found on Chest CT Scan in a Pre-Symptomatic Person with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report.", "journal": "Trop Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Asadollahi-Amin, Ali", "Hasibi, Mehrdad", "Ghadimi, Fatemeh", "Rezaei, Hosnieh", "SeyedAlinaghi, SeyedAhmad"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272630", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection is spreading worldwide, and there are many reports of acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by this infection. However, asymptomatic lung involvement has not been reported. We hereby present the case of a 44-year-old health-care worker, who was found to be infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus after a CT-scan performed for an unrelated condition revealed a lesion in the lung field compatible with COVID-19 infection. His condition deteriorated initially, but eventually improved with supportive treatment and the compassionate use of antivirals and antimalarials and is now in a stable condition."}, {"pmid": 32405955, "pmcid": "PMC7220536", "title": "Management of Patients with Cerebellar Ataxia During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Current Concerns and Future Implications.", "journal": "Cerebellum", "authors": ["Manto, Mario", "Dupre, Nicolas", "Hadjivassiliou, Marios", "Louis, Elan D", "Mitoma, Hiroshi", "Molinari, Marco", "Shaikh, Aasef G", "Soong, Bing-Wen", "Strupp, Michael", "Van Overwalle, Frank", "Schmahmann, Jeremy D"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405955", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current worldwide severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has brought some medical systems to the brink of collapse. This crisis is also negatively impacting the care of patients with non-COVID-19 conditions, including those with cerebellar ataxia (CA). Older patients with CA and those with immune-mediated ataxias on immunosuppressive medication are potentially at high risk of developing serious complications of the infection, although it is also possible that immunosuppressive agents may provide a defense against cytokine storm. This has implications for even greater attention to preventing contracting the disease through physical distancing and/or isolation. The CA patient population is also at higher risk because of the neurological complexities of their underlying disorder and the comorbid medical illnesses that often accompany the genetic ataxias. As the disruption of social patterns and healthcare delivery in response to the crisis continues, interruption of rehabilitation, speech and language therapy, and face-to-face consultations threatens to have a negative impact on the course and well-being of CA patients. Mental and physical health is also potentially at greater risk because the prevailing uncertainty and anxiety may be superimposed upon cerebellum-specific neuropsychological challenges. We identify and review some of the short- and long-term consequences of this global pandemic for the community of ataxia patients and their families and for the clinical and academic neurologists/ataxiologists caring for these patients. This includes the recognition that telemedicine has emerged as a principle means of caregiver-patient contact and that neurological manifestations of COVID-19 including those specific to cerebellar neurobiology are increasingly recognized and will require close surveillance and monitoring. This COVID-19 Cerebellum Task Force consensus provides some guidance on how we may approach this uncertain time and consider preparing for the new realities we face in CA patient care once this acute crisis has passed."}, {"pmid": 32384798, "title": "Potential Cytoprotective Activity of Ozone Therapy in SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19.", "journal": "Antioxidants (Basel)", "authors": ["Martinez-Sanchez, Gregorio", "Schwartz, Adriana", "Donna, Vincenzo Di"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384798", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "(1) Background: The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) in China at the end of 2019 has caused a large global outbreak. Systemic ozone therapy (OT) could be potentially useful in the clinical management of several complications secondary to SARS-CoV-2. The rationale and mechanism of action has already been proven clinically in other viral infections and has been shown in research studies to be highly effective at decreasing organ damage mediated by inflammation and oxidative stress. This review summarizes the OT studies that illustrate the possible cytoprotective mechanism of action of ozone and its physiological by-products in target organs affected by SARS-CoV-2. (2) Methods: This review encompasses a total of 74 peer-reviewed original articles. It is mainly focused on ozone as a modulator of the NF-\u03ba B/Nrf2 pathways and IL-6/IL-1\u03b2 expression. (3) Results: In experimental models and the few existent clinical studies, homeostasis of the free radical and antioxidant balance by OT was associated with a modulation of NF-\u03ba B/Nrf2 balance and IL-6 and IL-1\u03b2 expression. These molecular mechanisms support the cytoprotective effects of OT against tissue damage present in many inflammatory diseases, including viral infections. (4) Conclusions: The potential cytoprotective role of OT in the management of organ damage induced by COVID-19 merits further research. Controlled clinical trials are needed."}, {"pmid": 32441802, "title": "SARS-Coronavirus-2 and acute urticaria.", "journal": "Int J Dermatol", "authors": ["Falkenhain-Lopez, Daniel", "Sanchez-Velazquez, Alba", "Lopez-Valle, Alba", "Ortiz-Frutos, Francisco J"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441802", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474910, "title": "Psychological impact of COVID-19 quarantine measures in northeastern Italy on mothers in the immediate postpartum period.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Zanardo, Vincenzo", "Manghina, Valeria", "Giliberti, Lara", "Vettore, Michela", "Severino, Lorenzo", "Straface, Gianluca"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474910", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To explore whether quarantine measures and hospital containment policies among women giving birth in a COVID-19 \"hotspot\" area in northeastern Italy enhanced psycho-emotional distress in the immediate postpartum period. We designed a non-concurrent case-control study of mothers who gave birth during a COVID-19 quarantine period between March 8 and May 3, 2020 (COVID-19 study group), with an antecedent group of matched postpartum women (control group) who delivered in the same period in 2019. Participants completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) on the second day postpartum. The COVID-19 study group (n=91) had significantly higher mean EPDS scores compared with the control group (n=101) (8.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.6 vs 6.34\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.1; P<0.001). Furthermore, 26% of women in the COVID-19 group had a global EPDS score above 12. Analysis of three EPDS subscales revealed significantly higher scores among the COVID-19 group compared with the control group for anhedonia (0.60\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.61 vs 0.19\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.36; P<0.001) and depression (0.58\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.54 vs 0.35\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.45; P=0.001). Concerns about risk of exposure to COVID-19, combined with quarantine measures adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic, adversely affected the thoughts and emotions of new mothers, worsening depressive symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32360607, "pmcid": "PMC7189190", "title": "Google Trends provides a tool to monitor population concerns and information needs during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Springer, Steffen", "Menzel, Lisa M", "Zieger, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360607", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384180, "pmcid": "PMC7273083", "title": "Clinical and histological characterization of vesicular COVID-19 rashes: A prospective study in a tertiary care hospital.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Fernandez-Nieto, D", "Ortega-Quijano, D", "Jimenez-Cauhe, J", "Burgos-Blasco, P", "de Perosanz-Lobo, D", "Suarez-Valle, A", "Cortes-Cuevas, J L", "Carretero, I", "Garcia Del Real, C M", "Fernandez-Guarino, M"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384180", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Vesicular skin rashes have been associated to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), but there is little information about this cutaneous manifestation. We designed a prospective observational study of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and vesicular lesions. Clinical characterization of skin findings was conducted by dermatologists. When possible, histological analysis and detection of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the content of the vesicles was performed. A total of 24 patients were included. A disseminated pattern was found in 18 patients (75%), and a localized pattern was found in 6 patients (25%). The median duration of the skin rash was of 10 days. Out of all, 19 patients (79.2%) presented the skin rash after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. Histologic examination in two patients was consistent with viral infection, SARS-CoV-2 was not detected in four patients. This monocentric study shows the clinical characteristics of vesicular skin rashes in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32470211, "title": "Are we now observing an increasing number of coinfections between SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens?", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Sanchez-Duque, Jorge A", "Orozco-Hernandez, Juan Pablo", "Marin-Medina, Daniel S", "Cvetkovic-Vega, Aleksandar", "Aveiro-Robalo, Telmo Raul", "Mondragon-Cardona, Alvaro", "Failoc-Rojas, Virgilio E", "Gutierrez-Ocampo, Estefania", "Villamizar-Pena, Rhuvi", "Henao-Martinez, Juan F", "Arteaga-Livias, Kovy", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470211", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We have recently read the article by Chaung et al.,1 describing a case of SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-HKU1 coinfection. The HCoV-HKU1 is also a member of the Betacoronavirus. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32500463, "pmcid": "PMC7271640", "title": "How to Have Sex in an Epidemic Redux: Reinforcing HIV Prevention in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Newman, Peter A", "Guta, Adrian"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500463", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407255, "title": "Clinical and Chest Radiography Features Determine Patient Outcomes In Young and Middle Age Adults with COVID-19.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Toussie, Danielle", "Voutsinas, Nicholas", "Finkelstein, Mark", "Cedillo, Mario A", "Manna, Sayan", "Maron, Samuel Z", "Jacobi, Adam", "Chung, Michael", "Bernheim, Adam", "Eber, Corey", "Concepcion, Jose", "Fayad, Zahi", "Gupta, Yogesh Sean"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407255", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background Chest radiography (CXR) has not been validated for its prognostic utility in evaluating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze the prognostic value of a CXR severity scoring system for younger (non-elderly) patients with COVID-19 upon initial presentation to the emergency department (ED). Outcomes of interest included hospitalization, intubation, prolonged stay, sepsis, and death. Materials & Methods In this retrospective study, patients between the ages of 21 and 50 years who presented to EDs of an urban multicenter health system from March 10 - 26, 2020 with COVID-19 confirmation on real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were identified. Each patient's ED CXR was divided into 6 zones and examined for opacities by two cardiothoracic radiologists with scores collated into a total concordant lung zone severity score. Clinical and laboratory variables were collected. Multivariable logistic regression was utilized to evaluate the relationship between clinical parameters, CXR scores, and patient outcomes. Results The study included 338 patients: 210 males (62%), median age 39 [31-45]. After adjustment for demographics and co-morbidities, independent predictors of hospital admission (n=145, 43%) were CXR severity score \u2265 2 (OR: 6.2, 95% CI 3.5-11, p<0.001) and obesity (OR 2.4 (1.1-5.4) or morbid obesity. Of patients who were admitted, a CXR score \u22653 was an independent predictor of intubation (n=28) (OR: 4.7, 95% CI 1.8-13, p=0.002) as was hospital site. We found no significant difference in primary outcomes across race/ethnicity, those with a history of tobacco use, asthma or diabetes mellitus type II. Conclusion For patients aged 21-50 with COVID-19 presenting to the emergency department, a chest x-ray severity score was predictive of risk for hospital admission and intubation."}, {"pmid": 32513070, "title": "Selenium supplementation can relieve the clinical complications of COVID-19 and other similar viral infections.", "journal": "Int J Vitam Nutr Res", "authors": ["Fakhrolmobasheri, Mohammad", "Nasr-Esfahany, Zahra", "Khanahmad, Hossein", "Zeinalian, Mehrdad"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513070", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387333, "pmcid": "PMC7200356", "title": "Could nasal nitric oxide help to mitigate the severity of COVID-19?", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Martel, Jan", "Ko, Yun-Fei", "Young, John D", "Ojcius, David M"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387333", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The nasal cavity and turbinates play important physiological functions by filtering, warming and humidifying inhaled air. Paranasal sinuses continually produce nitric oxide (NO), a reactive oxygen species that diffuses to the bronchi and lungs to produce bronchodilatory and vasodilatory effects. Studies indicate that NO may also help to reduce respiratory tract infection by inactivating viruses and inhibiting their replication in epithelial cells. In view of the pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), clinical trials have been designed to examine the effects of inhaled nitric oxide in COVID-19 subjects. We discuss here additional lifestyle factors such as mouth breathing which may affect the antiviral response against SARS-CoV-2 by bypassing the filtering effect of the nose and by decreasing NO levels in the airways. Simple devices that promote nasal breathing during sleep may help prevent the common cold, suggesting potential benefits against coronavirus infection. In the absence of effective treatments against COVID-19, the alternative strategies proposed here should be considered and studied in more detail."}, {"pmid": 32518475, "pmcid": "PMC7269962", "title": "The resumption of sports competitions after COVID-19 lockdown: The case of the Spanish football league.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Buldu, Javier M", "Antequera, Daniel R", "Aguirre, Jacobo"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518475", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this work, we present a stochastic discrete-time SEIR Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recoveredmodel adapted to describe the propagation of COVID-19 during a football tournament. Specifically, we are concerned about the re-start of the Spanish national football league, La Liga, which is currently -May 2020- stopped with 11 fixtures remaining. Our model includes two additional states of an individual, confined and quarantined, which are reached when an individual presents COVID-19 symptoms or has undergone a virus test with a positive result. The model also accounts for the interaction dynamics of players, considering three different sources of infection: the player social circle, the contact with his/her team colleagues during training sessions, and the interaction with rivals during a match. Our results highlight the influence of the days between matches, the frequency of virus tests and their sensitivity on the number of players infected at the end of the season. Following our findings, we finally propose a variety of strategies to minimise the probability that COVID-19 propagates in case the season of La Liga was re-started after the current lockdown."}, {"pmid": 32423324, "title": "Clinical course of COVID-19 infection in elderly patient with melanoma on nivolumab.", "journal": "J Oncol Pharm Pract", "authors": ["Yekeduz, Emre", "Dursun, Bengu", "Aydin, Gule C", "Yazgan, Sati C", "Ozturk, Halis H", "Azap, Alpay", "Utkan, Gungor", "Urun, Yuksel"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423324", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Outbreak of the new type coronavirus infection, known as coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19), has begun in December 2019, in Wuhan, China. As of today, 3 April 2020, 972,640 people affected and 50,325 people died from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2. There is not any standard treatment for coronavirus infection 2019; however, there are promising data for hydroxychloroquine and some anti-retroviral drugs. Programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PDL-1) pathway is an important target for the cancer immunotherapy. However, there is a robust pre-clinical and clinical data regarding inhibitor effect of this pathway on the acute or chronic viral infections. Thus, blockade of this pathway may lead to an anti-viral effect and decrease viral load. Here, we report the clinical course of coronavirus infection 2019 infection of a patient in whom older aged, having multiple co-morbidities, and taking nivolumab for metastatic malignant melanoma. In contrast to her older age, comorbidities, and cancer diagnosis, she was in a good condition, and there was also no pneumonia finding. We think that this good clinical course of coronavirus infection 2019 infection may be related to blockade of PD-1/PDL-1 pathway with nivolumab. It is impossible to say that blockade of PD-1/PDL-1pathway is a treatment option for COVID-19; however, we want to share our experience."}, {"pmid": 32294756, "title": "Nonpharmaceutical interventions for tackling the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil.", "journal": "Epidemiol Serv Saude", "authors": ["Garcia, Leila Posenato", "Duarte, Elisete"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294756", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407600, "pmcid": "PMC7272967", "title": "Response to \"uncertainties on the prognostic value of D-dimers in COVID-19 patients\".", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Zhang, Litao"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407600", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We appreciate the opportunity to respond to the letter from Dr Gris and colleagues. It is true there were several limitations in our study. However, we still believe that D-dimer level at admission could be an effective and easily available predictor in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)."}, {"pmid": 32198201, "pmcid": "PMC7149396", "title": "Coronavirus endoribonuclease targets viral polyuridine sequences to evade activating host sensors.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Hackbart, Matthew", "Deng, Xufang", "Baker, Susan C"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198201", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs) are positive-sense RNA viruses that can emerge from endemic reservoirs and infect zoonotically, causing significant morbidity and mortality. CoVs encode an endoribonuclease designated EndoU that facilitates evasion of host pattern recognition receptor MDA5, but the target of EndoU activity was not known. Here, we report that EndoU cleaves the 5'-polyuridines from negative-sense viral RNA, termed PUN RNA, which is the product of polyA-templated RNA synthesis. Using a virus containing an EndoU catalytic-inactive mutation, we detected a higher abundance of PUN RNA in the cytoplasm compared to wild-type-infected cells. Furthermore, we found that transfecting PUN RNA into cells stimulates a robust, MDA5-dependent interferon response, and that removal of the polyuridine extension on the RNA dampens the response. Overall, the results of this study reveal the PUN RNA to be a CoV MDA5-dependent pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP). We also establish a mechanism for EndoU activity to cleave and limit the accumulation of this PAMP. Since EndoU activity is highly conserved in all CoVs, inhibiting this activity may serve as an approach for therapeutic interventions against existing and emerging CoV infections."}, {"pmid": 32329420, "title": "The Coronavirus Epidemic.", "journal": "Med Chem", "authors": ["Hilgeroth, A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329420", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434621, "title": "Turkey's response to COVID-19 in terms of mental health.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Ogutlu, Hakan"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434621", "countries": ["Turkey"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (also known as COVID-19) continues to spread throughout the world. In Turkey, which has a strong health system, most hospitals have been turned into pandemic hospitals, elective procedures have been postponed, and doctors have been reassigned to treat COVID-19. Efforts to limit spread of COVID-19 have been effective in reducing the spread of COVID-19. Behind this success was not only the intrinsic strength of the health system but also the strict changes in everyday life wrought by the crisis. It is an inescapable fact that these new measures, such as the imposition of curfew and lockdown, have had a significant effect on the mental health of the general population. Anxiety caused by COVID-19 has spread to the mental state of everyone. Although coronavirus-related diseases will end soon, it is predicted that serious psychiatric disorders will be a lasting consequence of the pandemic. Despite the many negatives brought by COVID-19, it has led to a positive unity between the public and healthcare professionals, and in spite of significant risks to their own health, healthcare workers have risen to the challenge of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32374054, "pmcid": "PMC7235501", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 disease and children under treatment for cancer.", "journal": "Pediatr Blood Cancer", "authors": ["Terenziani, Monica", "Massimino, Maura", "Biassoni, Veronica", "Casanova, Michela", "Chiaravalli, Stefano", "Ferrari, Andrea", "Luksch, Roberto", "Meazza, Cristina", "Podda, Marta", "Schiavello, Elisabetta", "Spreafico, Filippo"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374054", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291122, "pmcid": "PMC7151400", "title": "COVID-19: A case series to support radiographer preliminary clinical evaluation.", "journal": "Radiography (Lond)", "authors": ["Woznitza, N", "Nair, A", "Hare, S S"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291122", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32171075, "pmcid": "PMC7154501", "title": "COVID-19: the medium is the message.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Garrett, Laurie"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171075", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369262, "pmcid": "PMC7267643", "title": "Kidney transplantation with presymptomatic COVID-19-positive surgeon.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Ravaioli, Matteo", "Comai, Giorgia", "Germinario, Giuliana", "Maroni, Lorenzo", "La Manna, Gaetano"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369262", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306859, "title": "Today's Leadership Lesson: Mind the Wildlife and Prepare for Tomorrow's Disruption.", "journal": "J Health Commun", "authors": ["Shore, David A"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306859", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the world reacts with unprecedented efforts to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, the role of organizational leaders is to embark on a parallel track to keep mission-critical initiatives moving forward. One track includes preparing their organizations for the next \"novel\" virus. After all, organizations do not hire leaders to maintain the status quo; they are hired to drive the future. As much as death and taxes are inevitable, it is equally predictable that all organizations will sooner or later confront a black swan event. History teaches us that while the order of magnitude may vary, management crises are not entirely novel. This article explores a series of early risk mitigation strategies to prevent the next COVID-19 and prepare leadership to face this inevitable challenge."}, {"pmid": 32437665, "pmcid": "PMC7211756", "title": "Perinatal depressive and anxiety symptoms of pregnant women along with COVID-19 outbreak in China.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Wu, Yanting", "Zhang, Chen", "Liu, Han", "Duan, Chenchi", "Li, Cheng", "Fan, Jianxia", "Li, Hong", "Chen, Lei", "Xu, Hualin", "Li, Xiangjuan", "Guo, Yi", "Wang, Yeping", "Li, Xiufeng", "Li, Jing", "Zhang, Ting", "You, Yiping", "Li, Hongmei", "Yang, Shuangqi", "Tao, Xiaoling", "Xu, Yajuan", "Lao, Haihong", "Wen, Ming", "Zhou, Yan", "Wang, Junying", "Chen, Yuhua", "Meng, Diyun", "Zhai, Jingli", "Ye, Youchun", "Zhong, Qinwen", "Yang, Xiuping", "Zhang, Dan", "Zhang, Jing", "Wu, Xifeng", "Chen, Wei", "Dennis, Cindy-Lee", "Huang, Hefeng"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437665", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On January 20, 2020, a new coronavirus epidemic with \"human-to-human\" transmission was officially announced by the Chinese government, which caused significant public panic in China. Pregnant women may be particularly vulnerable and in special need for preventative mental health strategies. Thus far, no reports exist to investigate the mental health response of pregnant women to the COVID-19 outbreak. The aim of the present study is to examine the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms and the corresponding risk factors among pregnant women across China. A multi-center cross-sectional study was initiated in early December 2019 to identify mental health concerns in pregnancy using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). This study provided a unique opportunity to compare the mental status of pregnant women before and after the announcement of the COVID-19 epidemic. A total of 4124 pregnant women during their third trimester from 25 hospitals in 10 provinces across China were examined in this cross-sectional study from January 1 to February 9, 2020. Of these women, 1285 were assessed after January 20, 2020 when the coronavirus epidemic was publically announced and 2839 were assessed before this pivotal time point. The internationally recommended EPDS was used to assess maternal depression and anxiety symptoms. Prevalence rates and risk factors were compared between the pre and post study groups. Pregnant women assessed after the declaration of COVID-19 epidemic had significantly higher rates of depressive symptoms (26.0% vs 29.6%, P=0.02) than women assess pre-epidemic announcement. These women were also more likely to endorse thoughts of self-harm (P=0.005). The depressive rates were positively associated with the number of newly-confirmed COVID-19 cases (P=0.003), suspected infections (P=0.004), and death cases per day (P=0.001). Pregnant women who were underweight pre-pregnancy, primiparous, < 35 years old, employed full-time, middle income, and had appropriate living space were at increased risk to develop depressive and anxiety symptoms during the outbreak. Major life-threatening public health events such as the COVID-19 outbreak may increase the risk for mental illness among pregnant women including thoughts of self-harm. Strategies targeting maternal stress and isolation such as effective risk communication and the provision of psychological first aid may be particularly useful to prevent negative outcomes for women and their fetuses."}, {"pmid": 32405124, "pmcid": "PMC7217794", "title": "Considerations for Management of Longitudinal Melanonychia During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Perspective.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Lipner, Shari R", "Iorizzo, Matilde", "Jellinek, Nathaniel", "Piraccini, Bianca Maria", "Scher, Richard K"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405124", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281144, "pmcid": "PMC7262094", "title": "Is it ethical to be a 'whistleblower' during COVID-19 pandemic? Ethical challenges confronted by health care workers in China.", "journal": "J Adv Nurs", "authors": ["Zhu, Junhong"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281144", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32196406, "title": "COVID-19 (Coronavirus).", "journal": "Lymphat Res Biol", "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196406", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This strain of coronavirus is a new one and scientists do not yet know all there is to know about it. While these common sense points will always be helpful, it is important that you keep up to date with the advice being given by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and NHS England and how it might affect you personally. These suggestions have been produced using the most up-to-date advice available to us from our Scientific and Medical Advisors and are not intended to replace or supersede advice you may have been given from your health care professional."}, {"pmid": 32393469, "title": "Covid-19: England plan to ease lockdown is \"confusing\" and \"risky,\" say doctors.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Torjesen, Ingrid"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393469", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292868, "pmcid": "PMC7118312", "title": "Propagation analysis and prediction of the COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Dis Model", "authors": ["Li, Lixiang", "Yang, Zihang", "Dang, Zhongkai", "Meng, Cui", "Huang, Jingze", "Meng, Haotian", "Wang, Deyu", "Chen, Guanhua", "Zhang, Jiaxuan", "Peng, Haipeng", "Shao, Yiming"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292868", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Based on the official data modeling, this paper studies the transmission process of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The error between the model and the official data curve is quite small. At the same time, it realized forward prediction and backward inference of the epidemic situation, and the relevant analysis help relevant countries to make decisions."}, {"pmid": 32278758, "pmcid": "PMC7194579", "title": "A cross-sectional comparison of epidemiological and clinical features of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan and outside Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lei, Ziying", "Cao, Huijuan", "Jie, Yusheng", "Huang, Zhanlian", "Guo, Xiaoyan", "Chen, Junfeng", "Peng, Liang", "Cao, Hong", "Dai, Xiaoling", "Liu, Jing", "Li, Xuejun", "Zhu, Jianyun", "Xu, Wenxiong", "Chen, Dabiao", "Gao, Zhiliang", "He, Jian-Rong", "Lin, Bing-Liang"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278758", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread outside the initial epicenter of Wuhan. We compared cases in Guangzhou and Wuhan to illustrate potential changes in pathogenicity and epidemiological characteristics as the epidemic has progressed. We studied 20 patients admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University in Guangzhou, China from January 22 to February 12, 2020. Data were extracted from medical records. These cases were compared with the 99 cases, previously published in Lancet, from Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital from January 1 to January 20, 2020. Guangzhou patients were younger and had better prognosis than Wuhan patients. The Wuhan patients were more likely to be admitted to the ICU (23% vs 5%) and had a higher mortality rate (11% vs 0%). Cases in Guangzhou tended to be more community clustered. Diarrhea and vomiting were more common among Guangzhou patients and SARS-CoV-2 RNA was found in feces. Fecal SARA-CoV-2 RNA remained positive when nasopharyngeal swabs turned negative in some patients. This study indicates possible diminishing virulence of the virus in the process of transmission. Yet persistent positive RNA in feces after negative nasopharyngeal swabs suggests a possible prolonged transmission period that challenges current quarantine practices."}, {"pmid": 32475877, "title": "The potential transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from patients with negative RT-PCR swab tests to others: two related clusters of COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Jpn J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Cao, Guoqing", "Tang, Shaotao", "Yang, Dehua", "Shi, Wenjia", "Wang, Xiaorong", "Wang, Hua", "Li, Chen", "Wei, Jia", "Ma, Ling"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475877", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a cluster of cases of acute respiratory illness, novel coronavirusinfected pneumonia, occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The false-negative nasopharyngeal swabs of SARS-CoV-2 caused the delayed diagnosis of COVID-19 which hindered the prevention and control of the pandemic. The transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 in negative nasopharyngeal swabs cases were little addressed previously. This study evaluated two clusters of COVID-19 in six patients. Four of six (66.7%) showed negative RNA of SARS-CoV-2 by nasopharyngeal swabs. All epidemiological, clinical and laboratory information was collected. The first cluster was a nosocomial infection of four health care providers at early January. One of them made sequential familial cluster of infection. All patients received either selfquarantined at home or were admitted to hospital for isolated treatment. All recovered and had anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and/or IgM positive (100%) for serological detection of SARS-CoV-2 at recovery stage. Our study provides a cautionary warning that negative results of nasopharyngeal swabs of suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection can increase the risk of nosocomial infection among health care providers. Serologic detection for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and/or IgM is an important test in the assistant diagnosis of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32384139, "pmcid": "PMC7233185", "title": "Sexual Health in the SARS-CoV-2 Era.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Turban, Jack L", "Keuroghlian, Alex S", "Mayer, Kenneth H"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384139", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457444, "title": "Mass-surveillance technologies to fight coronavirus spread: the case of Israel.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Amit, Moran", "Kimhi, Heli", "Bader, Tarif", "Chen, Jacob", "Glassberg, Elon", "Benov, Avi"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457444", "countries": ["Israel"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468635, "title": "Food as medicine: a possible preventive measure against coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Phytother Res", "authors": ["Fan, Yang", "Zhang, Yue", "Tariq, Akash", "Jiang, Xiaolan", "Ahamd, Zeeshan", "Zhihao, Zhang", "Idrees, Muhammad", "Azizullah, Azizullah", "Adnan, Muhammad", "Bussmann, Rainer W"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468635", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent and ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a huge global challenge. The outbreak, which first occurred in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China and then rapidly spread to other provinces and to more than 200 countries abroad, has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Those with compromised immune systems and/or existing respiratory, metabolic or cardiac problems are more susceptible to the infection and are at higher risk of serious illness or even death. The present review was designed to report important functional food plants with immunomodulatory and anti-viral properties. Data on medicinal food plants was retrieved and downloaded from English-language journals using online search engines. The functional food plants herein documented might not only enhance the immune system and cure respiratory tract infections but can also greatly impact the overall health of the general public. As many people in the world are now confined to their homes, inclusion of these easily accessible plants in the daily diet may help to strengthen the immune system and guard against infection by SARS-CoV-2. This might reduce the risk of COVID-19 and initiate a rapid recovery in cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32490966, "title": "Neurological complications in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review.", "journal": "Arq Neuropsiquiatr", "authors": ["Munhoz, Renato Puppi", "Pedroso, Jose Luiz", "Nascimento, Fabio Augusto", "Almeida, Sergio Monteiro de", "Barsottini, Orlando Graziani Povoas", "Cardoso, Francisco Eduardo C", "Teive, Helio A Ghizoni"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490966", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 pandemic unfolds worldwide, different forms of reports have described its neurologic manifestations. To review the literature on neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Literature search performed following systematic reviews guidelines, using specific keywords based on the COVID-19 neurological complications described up to May 10th, 2020. A total of 43 articles were selected, including data ranging from common, non-specific symptoms, such as hyposmia and myalgia, to more complex and life-threatening conditions, such as cerebrovascular diseases, encephalopathies, and Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome. Recognition of neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 should be emphasized despite the obvious challenges faced by clinicians caring for critical patients who are often sedated and presenting other concurrent systemic complications."}, {"pmid": 32259011, "pmcid": "PMC7105388", "title": "Editorial.", "journal": "Ultrasound Int Open", "authors": ["Ewertsen, Caroline"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259011", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Dear Colleagues, Europe is severely hit by the virus SARS-CoV-2 and most countries report increasing numbers of people affected by COVID-19. WHO has declared it a pandemic, many countries have introduced severe restrictions on travelling and thousands of people around Europe are in quarantine. Currently, the most severely affected European country is Italy, which also experienced some of the first European cases."}, {"pmid": 32268929, "pmcid": "PMC7170968", "title": "Level of underreporting including underdiagnosis before the first peak of COVID-19 in various countries: Preliminary retrospective results based on wavelets and deterministic modeling.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Krantz, Steven G", "Rao, Arni S R Srinivasa"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268929", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335561, "title": "Update on treatment of COVID-19: ongoing studies between promising and disappointing results.", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Esposito, Silvano", "Noviello, Silvana", "Pagliano, Pasquale"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335561", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic represents the greatest global public health crisis since the pandemic influenza outbreak of 1918. We are facing a new virus, so several antiviral agents previously used to treat other coronavirus infections such as SARS and MERS are being considered as the first potential candidates to treat COVID-19. Thus, several agents have been used by the beginning of the current outbreak in China first and all over the word successively, as reported in several different guidelines and therapeutic recommendations. At the same time, a great number of clinical trials have been launched to investigate the potential efficacy therapies for COVID-19 highlighting the urgent need to get as quickly as possible high-quality evidence. Through PubMed, we explored the relevant articles published on treatment of COVID-19 and on trials ongoing up to April 15, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32485178, "pmcid": "PMC7260478", "title": "Changes in Pediatric Endoscopic Practice during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from an International Survey.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Ruan, Wenly", "Fishman, Douglas S", "Lerner, Diana G", "Engevik, Melinda A", "Elmunzer, B Joseph", "Walsh, Catharine M"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485178", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439013, "pmcid": "PMC7183288", "title": "The Crucible of Crisis: Responses of Fellows-in-Training and Early Career Cardiologists to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Sinha, Shashank S", "Sharma, Garima", "Cullen, Michael W"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439013", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32284615, "pmcid": "PMC7095063", "title": "The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Andersen, Kristian G", "Rambaut, Andrew", "Lipkin, W Ian", "Holmes, Edward C", "Garry, Robert F"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284615", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441816, "title": "Systematic analysis of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in salivary glands reveals underlying transmission mechanism caused by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Song, Jukun", "Li, Yamei", "Huang, Xiaolin", "Chen, Zhihong", "Li, Yongdi", "Liu, Chong", "Chen, Zhu", "Duan, Xiaofeng"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441816", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic that has caused severe health threats and fatalities in almost all communities. Studies have detected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in saliva with a viral load that lasts for a long period. However, researchers are yet to establish whether SARS-CoV-2 can directly enter the salivary glands. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the presence of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)/transmembrane serine proteases 2 (TMPRSS2) expression in salivary glands using publicly available databases. The distribution of ACE2 and TMPRSSs family in salivary gland tissue and other tissues was analyzed. The Genotype-Tissue Expression dataset was employed to explore the ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in various body organs and salivary glands in a healthy population. The single-cell sequencing data for salivary gland samples (including submandibular salivary gland and parotid gland) from mice were collected and analyzed. The components and proportions of salivary gland cells expressing the key protease TMPRSSs family were analyzed. Transcriptome data analysis showed that ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were expressed in salivary glands. The expression levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were marginal without significant differences in different age groups or between men and women. Single-cell RNA sequence analysis indicated that TMPRSS2 was mainly expressed in salivary gland epithelial cells. We speculate that SARS-CoV-2 may be entered in salivary glands."}, {"pmid": 32512291, "title": "Rationale and design of the PRAETORIAN-COVID trial: A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial with valsartan for PRevention of Acute rEspiraTORy dIstress syndrome in hospitAlized patieNts with SARS-COV-2 Infection Disease.", "journal": "Am Heart J", "authors": ["Gommans, D H Frank", "Nas, Joris", "Pinto-Sietsma, Sara-Joan", "Koop, Yvonne", "Konst, Regina E", "Mensink, Frans", "Aarts, Goaris W A", "Konijnenberg, Lara S F", "Cortenbach, Kimberley", "Verhaert, Dominique V M", "Thannhauser, Jos", "Mol, Jan-Quinten", "Rooijakkers, Maxim J P", "Vos, Jacqueline L", "van Rumund, Anouke", "Vart, Priya", "Hassing, Robert-Jan", "Cornel, Jan-Hein", "de Jager, C Peter C", "van den Heuvel, Michel M", "van der Hoeven, Hans G", "Verbon, Annelies", "Pinto, Yigal M", "van Royen, Niels", "van Kimmenade, Roland R J", "de Leeuw, Peter W", "van Agtmael, Michiel A", "Bresser, Paul", "van Gilst, Wiek H", "Vonk-Noordergraaf, Anton", "Tijssen, Jan G P", "van Royen, Niels", "de Jager, C Peter C", "van den Heuvel, Michel M", "van der Hoeven, Hans G", "Verbon, Annelies", "Pinto, Yigal M", "van Kimmenade, Roland R J"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512291", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is much debate on the use of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected patients. Although it has been suggested that ARBs might lead to a higher susceptibility and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection, experimental data suggest that ARBs may reduce acute lung injury via blocking angiotensin-II-mediated pulmonary permeability, inflammation, and fibrosis. However, despite these hypotheses, specific studies on ARBs in SARS-CoV-2 patients are lacking. METHODS: The PRAETORIAN-COVID trial is a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled 1:1 randomized clinical trial in adult hospitalized SARS-CoV-2-infected patients (n = 651). The primary aim is to investigate the effect of the ARB valsartan compared to placebo on the composite end point of admission to an intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation, or death within 14 days of randomization. The active-treatment arm will receive valsartan in a dosage titrated to blood pressure up to a maximum of 160 mg bid, and the placebo arm will receive matching placebo. Treatment duration will be 14 days, or until the occurrence of the primary end point or until hospital discharge, if either of these occurs within 14 days. The trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04335786, 2020). SUMMARY: The PRAETORIAN-COVID trial is a double-blind, placebo-controlled 1:1 randomized trial to assess the effect of valsartan compared to placebo on the occurrence of ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and death in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. The results of this study might impact the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 patients globally."}, {"pmid": 32427207, "pmcid": "PMC7232607", "title": "New opportunities for the redesign of agricultural and food systems.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Pretty, Jules"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427207", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453009, "title": "Dangerous interactions of gastrointestinal drugs with experimental treatments for COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Lankarani, Kamran B"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453009", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525529, "title": "The Differential Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Low- and Middle-Income Countries vs High-Income Countries.", "journal": "JAMA Psychiatry", "authors": ["Vigo, Daniel", "Thornicroft, Graham", "Gureje, Oye"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525529", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514598, "title": "Managing ICU surge during the COVID-19 crisis: rapid guidelines.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Aziz, Shadman", "Arabi, Yaseen M", "Alhazzani, Waleed", "Evans, Laura", "Citerio, Giuseppe", "Fischkoff, Katherine", "Salluh, Jorge", "Meyfroidt, Geert", "Alshamsi, Fayez", "Oczkowski, Simon", "Azoulay, Elie", "Price, Amy", "Burry, Lisa", "Dzierba, Amy", "Benintende, Andrew", "Morgan, Jill", "Grasselli, Giacomo", "Rhodes, Andrew", "Moller, Morten H", "Chu, Larry", "Schwedhelm, Shelly", "Lowe, John J", "Bin, Du", "Christian, Michael D"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514598", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given the rapidly changing nature of COVID-19, clinicians and policy makers require urgent review and summary of the literature, and synthesis of evidence-based guidelines to inform practice. The WHO advocates for rapid reviews in these circumstances. The purpose of this rapid guideline is to provide recommendations on the organizational management of intensive care units caring for patients with COVID-19 including: planning a crisis surge response; crisis surge response strategies; triage, supporting families, and staff."}, {"pmid": 32407806, "pmcid": "PMC7214299", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on the management of patients with severe IBD: a domino effect.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Occhipinti, Vincenzo", "Saibeni, Simone", "Sampietro, Gianluca M", "Pastorelli, Luca"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407806", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338298, "pmcid": "PMC7184241", "title": "The After Diagnosis Head and Neck cancer-specific Patient Concerns Inventory (HaNC-AD) as a pre-treatment preparation aid during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Kanatas, Anastasios", "Rogers, S N"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338298", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has resulted in new challenges for clinicians, head and neck cancer (HNC) patients and carers. There is evidence that the current crisis is affecting the management of HNC patients. Most healthcare systems have introduced remote consultations to decrease the risk of coronavirus infection to patients, carers and clinicians. At present, HNC patients may be anxious and due to logistical issues, may not be adequately prepared for their treatment. To ensure that patients have a thorough understanding of their treatment and expected outcome during the current COVID-19 crisis there may be merit in the use of the HaNC-AD PCI."}, {"pmid": 32171583, "pmcid": "PMC7139236", "title": "Are We Ready for the New Coronavirus?", "journal": "Arch Bronconeumol", "authors": ["Pena-Otero, David", "Diaz-Perez, David", "de-la-Rosa-Carrillo, David", "Bello-Dronda, Salvador"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171583", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384507, "title": "Comparative efficacy of the front-line anti-HBV drugs in nucleos(t)ide analogue-naive chronic hepatitis B: A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis.", "journal": "Medicine (Baltimore)", "authors": ["Chen, Mao-Bing", "Wang, Hua", "Zheng, Qi-Han", "Cui, Wei-Yan", "Xu, Hua-Lan", "Zheng, Xu-Wen"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384507", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281391, "title": "Loopholes in Current Infection Control and Prevention Practices Against COVID-19 in Radiology Department and Improvement Suggestions.", "journal": "Can Assoc Radiol J", "authors": ["Yu, Juan", "Ding, Ning", "Chen, Huan", "Liu, Xia-Jing", "Pu, Zu-Hui", "Xu, Hua-Jian", "Lei, Yi", "Zhang, Han-Wen"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281391", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To improve the infection control and prevention practices against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in radiology department through loophole identification and providing rectifying measurements. Retrospective analysis of 2 cases of health-care-associated COVID-19 transmission in 2 radiology departments and comparing the infection control and prevention practices against COVID-19 with the practices of our department, where no COVID-19 transmission has occurred. Several loopholes have been identified in the infection control and prevention practices against COVID-19 of the 2 radiology departments. Loopholes were in large part due to our limited understanding of the highly contagious coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which is characterized by features not observed in other SARS viruses. We recommend to set up an isolation zone for handling patients who do not meet the diagnostic criteria of COVID-19 but are not completely cleared of the possibility of infection. Loopholes in the infection control and prevention practices against COVID-19 of the 2 radiology departments are due to poor understanding of the emerging disease which can be fixed by establishing an isolation zone for patients not completely cleared of SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32495493, "title": "COVID-19: a lever for the recognition of obesity as a disease? The French experience.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Clement, Karine", "Coupaye, Muriel", "Laville, Martine", "Oppert, Jean-Michel", "Ziegler, Olivier"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495493", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite repeated efforts by the international scientific community, academic societies and the combined actions of patient associations, public authorities have difficulties in admitting that obesity is not just a risk factor but a disease. Could our current experience with the COVID-19 pandemic be a lever to advance the cause of people with obesity? In this crisis, it seems pertinent to report on the French experience with the actions of stakeholders that were able to challenge the status quo in this field."}, {"pmid": 32307014, "pmcid": "PMC7167301", "title": "Chinese expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of coagulation dysfunction in COVID-19.", "journal": "Mil Med Res", "authors": ["Song, Jing-Chun", "Wang, Gang", "Zhang, Wei", "Zhang, Yang", "Li, Wei-Qin", "Zhou, Zhou"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307014", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a novel type of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan led to an outbreak throughout China and the rest of the world. To date, there have been more than 1,260,000 COVID-19 patients, with a mortality rate of approximately 5.44%. Studies have shown that coagulation dysfunction is a major cause of death in patients with severe COVID-19. Therefore, the People's Liberation Army Professional Committee of Critical Care Medicine and Chinese\u00a0Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis grouped experts from the frontline of the Wuhan epidemic to come together and develop an expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of coagulation dysfunction associated with a severe COVID-19 infection. This consensus includes an overview of COVID-19-related coagulation dysfunction, tests for coagulation, anticoagulation therapy, replacement therapy, supportive therapy and prevention. The consensus produced 18 recommendations which are being used to guide clinical work."}, {"pmid": 32474772, "pmcid": "PMC7260456", "title": "Stresses and anxieties in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic - what we can learn.", "journal": "Pediatr Radiol", "authors": ["Ayyala, Rama S", "Taylor, George A", "Callahan, Michael J"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474772", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498139, "title": "Characteristics of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Korea From the Mass Infection Perspective.", "journal": "J Prev Med Public Health", "authors": ["Kang, Yun Jung"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498139", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On December 31, 2019, the Chinese government officially announced that the country had some cases of pneumonia with an unknown cause. By February 8, 2020, there were 24 confirmed cases in Korea, and the number of cases has steadily increased since then. On March 9, 2020, the cumulative number of confirmed cases in Korea was 7382, with 51 deaths. This study examines the characteristics of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak from the perspective of the large-scale number of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths. This study is significant in that it emphasizes the precautionary principle in preventing and managing infectious diseases, and makes suggestions for urgently needed public health policies."}, {"pmid": 32153167, "title": "[The differential diagnosis for novel coronavirus pneumonia and similar lung diseases in general hospitals].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Tian, X L", "Peng, M", "Wang, H P", "Cai, B Q", "Xu, W B", "Zhu, Y J", "Li, T S", "Zhu, H D", "Song, L", "Wang, M Z", "Zhang, L", "Shi, J H"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32153167", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus pneumonia was a novel coronavirus infection that has dominated pulmonary infection since December 2019. The main manifestations were fever, dry cough, shortness of breath, normal or leukopenia in peripheral blood and changes in chest CT and in severe cases, multiple organ failure might occur. The National Health Commission, PRC has revised the consensus on diagnosis and treatment seven times in a short period of time, indicating the growing understanding of the disease. Patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia usually had history of travelling or living in the epidemic area including Wuhan within 14 days before onset, or have been exposed to patients who had fever or respiratory symptoms from the epidemic area, or had clustering diseases. However, novel coronavirus pneumonia was becoming more and more blurred after vanishing epidemic. The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of novel coronavirus pneumonia were challenges not only because of large number of tourists increasing dramatically after the relieving of epidemic, but also patients with other diseases from different areas to search for medical care. In this article, the clinical and chest imaging features of the novel coronavirus pneumonia were reviewed and compared with other infections and non-infectious diffuse pulmonary diseases. We try to find the similarities and differences among them, and to identify clues to the diagnosis of novel coronavirus pneumonia, so as to ensure accurate diagnosis and treatment."}, {"pmid": 32428075, "title": "Vertical social distancing policy is ineffective to contain the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Duczmal, Luiz Henrique", "Almeida, Alexandre Celestino Leite", "Duczmal, Denise Bulgarelli", "Alves, Claudia Regina Lindgren", "Magalhaes, Flavia Costa Oliveira", "Lima, Max Sousa de", "Silva, Ivair Ramos", "Takahashi, Ricardo Hiroshi Caldeira"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428075", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Considering numerical simulations, this study shows that the so-called vertical social distancing health policy is ineffective to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. We present the SEIR-Net model, for a network of social group interactions, as a development of the classic mathematical model of SEIR epidemics (Susceptible-Exposed-Infected (symptomatic and asymptomatic)-Removed). In the SEIR-Net model, we can simulate social contacts between groups divided by age groups and analyze different strategies of social distancing. In the vertical distancing policy, only older people are distanced, whereas in the horizontal distancing policy all age groups adhere to social distancing. These two scenarios are compared to a control scenario in which no intervention is made to distance people. The vertical distancing scenario is almost as bad as the control, both in terms of people infected and in the acceleration of cases. On the other hand, horizontal distancing, if applied with the same intensity in all age groups, significantly reduces the total infected people \"flattening the disease growth curve\". Our analysis considers the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, but similar conclusions apply to other cities as well. Code implementation of the model in R-language is provided in the supplementary material."}, {"pmid": 32518047, "title": "Cadaverless anatomy: Darkness in the times of pandemic Covid-19.", "journal": "Morphologie", "authors": ["Singal, A", "Bansal, A", "Chaudhary, P"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518047", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic Covid-19 is responsible for a major education crisis globally and has a drastic impact on medical training as well. The objective of the present study was to envision the present and future impact of Covid-19 on anatomy learning and research. The virtual education is the only mode of teaching in current scenario. Every anatomist is unlocking technology to deliver best education however understanding of the subject without dissections or other practical teaching aids like bones, specimens, embryology models, microscopic slides etc. is challenging. This approach misses the feel and human visual impacts. Potential educational disruption is felt currently and will be experienced even after the pandemic is over due to scarcity of cadavers. As the body donor may be carrier or died of Covid-19 and there is no proven screening to rule out this infection in donor, so the acceptance of body donations is not advisable for the safety of medical students and health care workers. To conclude, anatomy education is cadaverless currently due to Covid-19 lockdown and it is prophesied that after the pandemic, real cadavers will be replaced by virtual cadavers because of paucity of cadavers. Research in the field of anatomy will also be adversely affected."}, {"pmid": 32293716, "pmcid": "PMC7262119", "title": "Clinical characteristics of 3,062 COVID-19 patients: a meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhu, Jieyun", "Ji, Pan", "Pang, Jielong", "Zhong, Zhimei", "Li, Hongyuan", "He, Cuiying", "Zhang, Jianfeng", "Zhao, Chunling"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293716", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aim to systematically review the clinical characteristics of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Seven datebases were searched to collect studies about the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 from 1 January 2020 to 28 February 2020. Then, meta-analysis was performed by using Stata12.0 software. A total of 38 studies involving 3 062 COVID-19 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that a higher proportion of infected patients were male (56.9%). The incidence rate of respiratory failure or ARDS was 19.5% and the fatality rate was 5.5%. Fever (80.4%), fatigue (46%), cough (63.1%) and expectoration (41.8%) were the most common clinical manifestations. Other common symptoms included muscle soreness (33%), anorexia (38.8%), chest tightness (35.7%), shortness of breath (35%), dyspnea (33.9%). Minor symptoms included nausea and vomiting (10.2%), diarrhea (12.9%), headache (15.4%), pharyngalgia(13.1%), shivering (10.9%) and abdominal pain (4.4%). Patients with asymptomatic was 11.9%. Normal leukocytes counts (69.7%), lymphopenia (56.5%), elevated C-reactive protein levels (73.6%), elevated ESR (65.6%) and oxygenation index decreased (63.6%) were observed in most patients. About 37.2% of patients with elevated D-dimer, 25.9% of patients with leukopenia, along with abnormal levels of liver function (29%) and renal function (25.5%). Other findings included leukocytosis (12.6%) and elevated procalcitonin (17.5%). Only 25.8% of patients had lesions involving single lung and 75.7% of patients had lesions involving bilateral lungs. The most commonly experienced symptoms of COVID-19 patients were fever, fatigue, cough and expectoration. A relatively small percentage of patients were asymptomatic. Most patients showed normal leucocytes counts, lymphopenia, elevated levels of C-reactive protein and ESR. Bilateral lungs involvement was common. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32531218, "pmcid": "PMC7283067", "title": "Vaginal delivery in COVID-19 pregnant women: anorectum as a potential alternative route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Carosso, Andrea", "Cosma, Stefano", "Benedetto, Chiara"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531218", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301956, "pmcid": "PMC7184385", "title": "After Covid-19.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wenzel, Richard P"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301956", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346814, "pmcid": "PMC7188455", "title": "Severe hypocalcemia in a thyroidectomized woman with Covid-19 infection.", "journal": "Endocrine", "authors": ["Bossoni, Simonetta", "Chiesa, Laura", "Giustina, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346814", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507061, "title": "When Going Digital Becomes a Necessity: Ensuring Older Adults' Needs for Information, Services, and Social Inclusion During COVID-19.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Xie, Bo", "Charness, Neil", "Fingerman, Karen", "Kaye, Jeffrey", "Kim, Miyong T", "Khurshid, Anjum"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507061", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Older adults are in triple jeopardy during COVID-19: compared with younger people, older adults are (1) more likely to develop serious conditions and experience higher mortality; (2) less likely to obtain high quality information or services online; and (3) more likely to experience social isolation and loneliness. Hybrid solutions, coupling online and offline strategies, are invaluable in ensuring the inclusion of vulnerable populations. Most of these solutions require no new inventions. Finding the financial resources for a rapid, well-coordinated implementation is the biggest challenge. Setting up the requisite support systems and digital infrastructure is important for the present and future pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32276849, "pmcid": "PMC7118679", "title": "Evacuation of quarantine-qualified nationals from Wuhan for COVID-19 outbreak - Taiwan experience.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Lee, Chien-Yu", "Wang, Pi-Sheng", "Huang, Yuan-Der", "Lin, Yung-Ching", "Hsu, Yung-Nien", "Chen, Shih-Chung"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276849", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456729, "title": "Universal SARS-CoV-2 testing on admission to Labor and Delivery: Low prevalence among asymptomatic obstetric patients.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Goldfarb, Ilona Telefus", "Diouf, Khady", "Barth, William H", "Robinson, Julian N", "Katz, Daniel", "Gregory, Katherine E", "Ciaranello, Andrea", "Yawetz, Sigal", "Shenoy, Erica S", "Klompas, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456729", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286873, "title": "Reply to \"Chest CT Findings and Clinical Conditions of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)\".", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Zhong, Zheng", "Zhao, Wei", "Liu, Jun"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286873", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334649, "pmcid": "PMC7180031", "title": "Medical students for health-care staff shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Rasmussen, Sten", "Sperling, Phillip", "Poulsen, Mathias Saby", "Emmersen, Jeppe", "Andersen, Stig"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334649", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32061335, "pmcid": "PMC7159020", "title": "Therapeutic and triage strategies for 2019 novel coronavirus disease in fever clinics.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Jinnong", "Zhou, Luqian", "Yang, Yuqiong", "Peng, Wei", "Wang, Wenjing", "Chen, Xuelin"], "date": "2020-02-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32061335", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458502, "title": "Glycyrrhetinic acid and its derivatives as potential alternative medicine to relieve symptoms in nonhospitalized COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Ding, Hong", "Deng, Wenjun", "Ding, Lingling", "Ye, Xiaoqun", "Yin, Shanye", "Huang, Weishan"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458502", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is highly infectious, and infection by this virus results in COVID-19, manifesting predominantly symptoms in the lower respiratory system. Detection of viral genomic materials by RT-PCR is the gold standard for diagnosis. Suspected COVID-19 patients who had a documented history of exposure and exhibited symptoms, but did not have positive PCR test results, were generally self-quarantined with prescriptions aiming to help attenuate their symptoms. These prescriptions are however neither specific nor highly effective for COVID-19 treatment. Given the rapidly growing pandemic and the overwhelmed medical system, the number of self-quarantined patients is increasing. There is an urgent need of alternative medicine to help patients relieve symptoms during self-quarantine, and to potentially help increase their chances of survival and recovery from the infection. We report here a case of severe COVID-19 that never had a positive PCR test result during disease progression but was confirmed with antibody test post recovery. This patient was self-quarantined and received diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG), a steroid-like molecule, in combination with vitamin C as alternative medicine. This patient went through severe COVID-19 but eventually recovered upon the implementation of this treatment regimen, suggesting potential therapeutic effects of DG as alternative medicine to help relieve COVID-19 symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32412402, "pmcid": "PMC7264446", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Afghanistan: Measures and challenges.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Mousavi, Sayed Hamid", "Abdi, Milad", "Zahid, Shafi Ullah", "Wardak, Kalimullah"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412402", "countries": ["Afghanistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276774, "pmcid": "PMC7134214", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 inflames the heart. The importance of awareness of myocardial injury in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Int J Cardiol", "authors": ["Ammirati, Enrico", "Wang, Dao Wen"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276774", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313844, "pmcid": "PMC7165123", "title": "A rapid transition to voluntary breath hold from device-assisted moderate deep inspiration breath hold for patients receiving breast radiotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Barnett, Erin", "Comsa, Daria", "Zhang, Beibei", "Pestill, Tyler", "Bradley, Cari", "Proctor, Leslie", "Mohamoud, Gulaid", "Ryan, Michael", "Loudon, James", "Fenkell, Louis"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313844", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32086938, "pmcid": "PMC7197734", "title": "The SARS, MERS and novel coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemics, the newest and biggest global health threats: what lessons have we learned?", "journal": "Int J Epidemiol", "authors": ["Peeri, Noah C", "Shrestha, Nistha", "Rahman, Md Siddikur", "Zaki, Rafdzah", "Tan, Zhengqi", "Bibi, Saana", "Baghbanzadeh, Mahdi", "Aghamohammadi, Nasrin", "Zhang, Wenyi", "Haque, Ubydul"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32086938", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To provide an overview of the three major deadly coronaviruses and identify areas for improvement of future preparedness plans, as well as provide a critical assessment of the risk factors and actionable items for stopping their spread, utilizing lessons learned from the first two deadly coronavirus outbreaks, as well as initial reports from the current novel coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic in Wuhan, China. Utilizing the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, USA) website, and a comprehensive review of PubMed literature, we obtained information regarding clinical signs and symptoms, treatment and diagnosis, transmission methods, protection methods and risk factors for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and COVID-19. Comparisons between the viruses were made. Inadequate risk assessment regarding the urgency of the situation, and limited reporting on the virus within China has, in part, led to the rapid spread of COVID-19 throughout mainland China and into proximal and distant countries. Compared with SARS and MERS, COVID-19 has spread more rapidly, due in part to increased globalization and the focus of the epidemic. Wuhan, China is a large hub connecting the North, South, East and West of China via railways and a major international airport. The availability of connecting flights, the timing of the outbreak during the Chinese (Lunar) New Year, and the massive rail transit hub located in Wuhan has enabled the virus to perforate throughout China, and eventually, globally. We conclude that we did not learn from the two prior epidemics of coronavirus and were ill-prepared to deal with the challenges the COVID-19 epidemic has posed. Future research should attempt to address the uses and implications of internet of things (IoT) technologies for mapping the spread of infection."}, {"pmid": 32242087, "pmcid": "PMC7114950", "title": "What the stock market tells us about the post-COVID-19 world.", "journal": "Nat Hum Behav", "authors": ["Wagner, Alexander F"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242087", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305088, "pmcid": "PMC7162641", "title": "Flooded by the torrent: the COVID-19 drug pipeline.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Mullard, Asher"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305088", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396710, "pmcid": "PMC7273073", "title": "COVID-19 and neurodegeneration: what can we learn from the past?", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Gatto, E M", "Fernandez Boccazzi, J"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396710", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473661, "pmcid": "PMC7255708", "title": "COVID-19 and the difficulty of inferring epidemiological parameters from clinical data.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wood, Simon N", "Wit, Ernst C", "Fasiolo, Matteo", "Green, Peter J"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473661", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385668, "pmcid": "PMC7210102", "title": "COVID-19 and Obesity-the Management of Pre- and Post-bariatric Patients Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Obes Surg", "authors": ["Yeo, Charleen", "Ahmed, Saleem", "Oo, Aung Myint", "Koura, Aaryan", "Sanghvi, Kaushal", "Yeo, Danson"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385668", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444993, "pmcid": "PMC7242608", "title": "Triaging Total Hip Arthroplasty During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med", "authors": ["Rizkalla, James M", "Gladnick, Brian P", "Bhimani, Aamir A", "Wood, Dorian S", "Kitziger, Kurt J", "Peters, Paul C Jr"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444993", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this review was to evaluate the available literature to determine what may be considered urgent indications for total hip arthroplasty, in the unprecedented setting of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus currently presenting in the form of a global pandemic, referred to as COVID-19. In this setting, multiple states have issued executive orders prohibiting \"elective\" surgery, including arthroplasty, in order to preserve healthcare resources. However, during this unprecedented reduction in elective surgery, there is likely to be some controversy as to what constitutes a purely \"elective\" procedure, versus an \"urgent\" procedure, particularly regarding hip arthroplasty. We reviewed the available literature for articles discussing the most commonly encountered indications for primary, conversion, and revision hip arthroplasty. Based upon the indications discussed in these articles, we further stratified these indications into \"elective\" versus \"urgent\" categories. In patients presenting with hip arthroplasty indications, the decision to proceed urgently with surgery should be based upon (a) the potential harm incurred by the patient if the surgery was delayed and (b) the potential risk incurred by the patient in the context of COVID-19 if surgery was performed. The authors present a decision-making algorithm for determining surgical urgency in three patients who underwent surgery in this context. Urgent total hip arthroplasty in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic is a complex decision-making process, involving clinical and epidemiological factors. These decisions are best made in coordination with a multidisciplinary committee of one's peers. Region-specific issues such as hospital resources and availability of PPE may also inform the decision-making process."}, {"pmid": 32289123, "pmcid": "PMC7138160", "title": "Knowledge and attitudes of medical staff in Chinese psychiatric hospitals regarding COVID-19.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun Health", "authors": ["Shi, Yudong", "Wang, Juan", "Yang, Yating", "Wang, Zhiqiang", "Wang, Guoqing", "Hashimoto, Kenji", "Zhang, Kai", "Liu, Huanzhong"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289123", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel coronavirus COVID-19 a pandemic. There are patients in psychiatric hospitals in China who have been infected with COVID-19, however, the knowledge and attitudes of psychiatric hospital staff towards infectious diseases and their willingness to work during the COVID-19 outbreak has not yet been investigated. This study was performed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of medical staff in two Chinese mental health centers during the COVID-19 outbreak. We included 141 psychiatrists and 170 psychiatric nurses in the study. We found that during the COVID-19 epidemic, 89.51% of the medical staff of the psychiatric hospitals studied had extensive knowledge of COVID-19, and 64.63% of them received the relevant training in hospitals. Furthermore, about 77.17% of participants expressed a willingness to care for psychiatric patients suffering from COVID-19 virus infection. Independent predictors of willingness to care for patients included advanced training and experience of caring for patients with COVID-19. In conclusion, this study suggests that increased attention should be paid to the knowledge and attitudes of medical staff at psychiatric hospitals during the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32421950, "title": "Data Safety Monitoring during Covid-19: Keep On Keeping On.", "journal": "Ethics Hum Res", "authors": ["Barnbaum, Deborah R"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421950", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500333, "pmcid": "PMC7272140", "title": "Lessons from Influenza Outbreaks for Potential Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on Hospitalizations, Ventilator Use, and Mortality Among Homeless Persons in New York State.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Miyawaki, Atsushi", "Hasegawa, Kohei", "Tsugawa, Yusuke"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500333", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496407, "title": "The Role of Children in the Dynamics of Intra Family Coronavirus 2019 Spread in Densely Populated Area.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Somekh, Eli", "Gleyzer, Alexadra", "Heller, Eli", "Lopian, Miriam", "Kashani-Ligumski, Lior", "Czeiger, Shelly", "Schindler, Yehudit", "Lessing, Joseph B", "Stein, Michal"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496407", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We examined the dynamics of coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) transmission within families. Our investigation demonstrated significantly lower rates of Covid-19 positivity in children compared with adults residing in the same household. Children of 5-17 years of age were 61% and children of 0-4 years of age were 47% less likely to have positive polymerase chain reaction results compared with adults residing in the same household."}, {"pmid": 32048163, "pmcid": "PMC7088566", "title": "Clinical and biochemical indexes from 2019-nCoV infected patients linked to viral loads and lung injury.", "journal": "Sci China Life Sci", "authors": ["Liu, Yingxia", "Yang, Yang", "Zhang, Cong", "Huang, Fengming", "Wang, Fuxiang", "Yuan, Jing", "Wang, Zhaoqin", "Li, Jinxiu", "Li, Jianming", "Feng, Cheng", "Zhang, Zheng", "Wang, Lifei", "Peng, Ling", "Chen, Li", "Qin, Yuhao", "Zhao, Dandan", "Tan, Shuguang", "Yin, Lu", "Xu, Jun", "Zhou, Congzhao", "Jiang, Chengyu", "Liu, Lei"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32048163", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the 2019-nCoV infection began in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei province, and rapidly spread to many provinces in China as well as other countries. Here we report the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics, as well as potential biomarkers for predicting disease severity in 2019-nCoV-infected patients in Shenzhen, China. All 12 cases of the 2019-nCoV-infected patients developed pneumonia and half of them developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The most common laboratory abnormalities were hypoalbuminemia, lymphopenia, decreased percentage of lymphocytes (LYM) and neutrophils (NEU), elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and decreased CD8 count. The viral load of 2019-nCoV detected from patient respiratory tracts was positively linked to lung disease severity. ALB, LYM, LYM (%), LDH, NEU (%), and CRP were highly correlated to the acute lung injury. Age, viral load, lung injury score, and blood biochemistry indexes, albumin (ALB), CRP, LDH, LYM (%), LYM, and NEU (%), may be predictors of disease severity. Moreover, the Angiotensin II level in the plasma sample from 2019-nCoV infected patients was markedly elevated and linearly associated to viral load and lung injury. Our results suggest a number of potential diagnosis biomarkers and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) drugs for potential repurposing treatment of 2019-nCoV infection."}, {"pmid": 32183935, "pmcid": "PMC7078825", "title": "Retrospective analysis of the possibility of predicting the COVID-19 outbreak from Internet searches and social media data, China, 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Li, Cuilian", "Chen, Li Jia", "Chen, Xueyu", "Zhang, Mingzhi", "Pang, Chi Pui", "Chen, Haoyu"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32183935", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The peak of Internet searches and social media data about the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak occurred 10-14 days earlier than the peak of daily incidences in China. Internet searches and social media data had high correlation with daily incidences, with the maximum r\u2009>\u20090.89 in all correlations. The lag correlations also showed a maximum correlation at 8-12 days for laboratory-confirmed cases and 6-8 days for suspected cases."}, {"pmid": 32338797, "pmcid": "PMC7267545", "title": "Head and neck cancer: high-risk population for COVID-19.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Yan, Flora", "Nguyen, Shaun A"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338797", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349183, "title": "American College of Rheumatology Guidance for the Management of Rheumatic Disease in Adult Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Version 1.", "journal": "Arthritis Rheumatol", "authors": ["Mikuls, Ted R", "Johnson, Sindhu R", "Fraenkel, Liana", "Arasaratnam, Reuben J", "Baden, Lindsey R", "Bermas, Bonnie L", "Chatham, Winn", "Cohen, Stanley", "Costenbader, Karen", "Gravallese, Ellen M", "Kalil, Andre C", "Weinblatt, Michael E", "Winthrop, Kevin", "Mudano, Amy S", "Turner, Amy", "Saag, Kenneth G"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349183", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To provide guidance to rheumatology providers on the management of adult rheumatic disease in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A task force, including 10 rheumatologists and 4 infectious disease specialists from North America, was convened. Clinical questions were collated, and an evidence report was rapidly generated and disseminated. Questions and drafted statements were reviewed and assessed using a modified Delphi process. This included 2 rounds of asynchronous anonymous voting by e-mail and 3 webinars with the entire panel. Task force members voted on agreement with draft statements using a 1-9-point numerical scoring system, and consensus was determined to be low, moderate, or high based on the dispersion of votes. For approval, median votes were required to meet predefined levels of agreement (median values of 7-9, 4-6, and 1-3 defined as agreement, uncertainty, or disagreement, respectively) with either moderate or high levels of consensus. The task force approved 77 initial guidance statements: 36 with moderate and 41 with high consensus. These were combined, resulting in 25 final guidance statements. These guidance statements are provided to promote optimal care during the current pandemic. However, given the low level of available evidence and the rapidly evolving literature, this guidance is presented as a \"living document,\" and future updates are anticipated."}, {"pmid": 32296161, "title": "China is tightening its grip on coronavirus research.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Silver, Andrew", "Cyranoski, David"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296161", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32142885, "pmcid": "PMC7134426", "title": "Association between 2019-nCoV transmission and N95 respirator use.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Wang, X", "Pan, Z", "Cheng, Z"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32142885", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378030, "pmcid": "PMC7202903", "title": "COVID-19-Related Stroke.", "journal": "Transl Stroke Res", "authors": ["Hess, David C", "Eldahshan, Wael", "Rutkowski, Elizabeth"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378030", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with neurological symptoms and complications including stroke. There is hypercoagulability associated with COVID-19 that is likely a \"sepsis-induced coagulopathy\" and may predispose to stroke. The SARS-CoV-2 virus binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) present on brain endothelial and smooth muscle cells. ACE2 is a key part of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) and a counterbalance to angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE1) and angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is proinflammatory, is vasoconstrictive, and promotes organ damage. Depletion of ACE2 by SARS-CoV-2 may tip the balance in favor of the \"harmful\" ACE1/angiotensin II axis and promote tissue injury including stroke. There is a rationale to continue to treat with tissue plasminogen activator for COVID-19-related stroke and low molecular weight heparinoids may reduce thrombosis and mortality in sepsis-induced coagulopathy."}, {"pmid": 32428113, "pmcid": "PMC7213670", "title": "Susceptibility of the Elderly to SARS-CoV-2 Infection: ACE-2 Overexpression, Shedding, and Antibody-dependent Enhancement (ADE).", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Peron, Jean Pierre Schatzmann", "Nakaya, Helder"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428113", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is currently facing a serious SARS-CoV-2 infection pandemic. </mac_aq>This virus is a new isolate of coronavirus, and the current infection crisis has surpassed the SARS and MERS epidemics</mac_aq> that occurred in 2002 and 2013, respectively. SARS-CoV-2 has currently infected more than 142,000 people, causing </mac_aq>5,000 deaths and spreading across more than 130 </mac_aq>countries worldwide. The spreading capacity of the virus clearly demonstrates the potential threat </mac_aq>of respiratory viruses to human health, thereby reiterating to the governments around the world that preventive </mac_aq>health policies and scientific research are pivotal to overcoming the crisis. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) causes flu-like symptoms in most cases. However, approximately 15% of the patients need hospitalization, and 5% require assisted ventilation, depending on the cohorts studied. What is intriguing, however, is the higher susceptibility of the elderly, especially individuals who are older than 60 years of age, and have comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease. In fact, the death rate in this group may be up to 10-12%. Interestingly, children are somehow less susceptible and are not considered as a risk group. Therefore, in this review, we discuss some possible molecular and cellular mechanisms by virtue of which the elderly subjects may be more susceptible to severe COVID-19. Toward this, we raise two main </mac_aq>points, i) increased ACE-2 expression in pulmonary and heart tissues in users of chronic angiotensin 1 </mac_aq>receptor (AT1R) blockers; and ii) antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) after previous exposure to other circulating coronaviruses. We believe that these points are pivotal for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19, and must be carefully addressed by physicians and scientists in the field."}, {"pmid": 32450452, "pmcid": "PMC7202803", "title": "Access barriers to electroconvulsive therapy during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Daniel, Hernandez-Huerta", "Begona, Alonso-Sanchez Elena"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450452", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303493, "title": "Keep older healthcare workers off the covid-19 front line.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Ashcroft, John"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303493", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473784, "pmcid": "PMC7245212", "title": "Teaching Remotely: Educating Radiology Trainees at the Workstation in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Nadgir, Rohini"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473784", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355392, "pmcid": "PMC7192066", "title": "Purpose by design or disaster: Preserving a sense of purpose amid environmental uncertainty.", "journal": "J Environ Psychol", "authors": ["Burrow, Anthony L", "Hill, Patrick L"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355392", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Psychological research suggests a sense of purpose in life is a coveted asset, with well-established linkages to well-being and healthy functioning. But how do individuals preserve this sense when previously reliable settings - and the opportunities they afford - are profoundly disrupted? The current moment provides a formidable test of this question, as widespread transmission of Covid-19 and intense efforts to slow it drastically transform our environment. Here, we consider how the experience of purpose may be impacted by disruptions in three key person-environment interactions: how we engage with work, how we engage in education, and how we manage physical proximity. We hope to motivate critical thinking about how this pandemic, and our collective responses to it, influence the experience of purpose and delineate a research agenda that may inform how individuals' can preserve a sense of engagement and contribution."}, {"pmid": 32388937, "title": "[Real-world efficacy and safety of lopinavir/ritonavir and arbidol in treating with COVID-19 : an observational cohort study].", "journal": "Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wen, C Y", "Xie, Z W", "Li, Y P", "Deng, X L", "Chen, X T", "Cao, Y", "Ou, X", "Lin, W Y", "Li, F", "Cai, W P", "Li, L H"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388937", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) and arbidol in the treatment of COVID-19 in the real world. Methods: The clinical data of 178 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 admitted to Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital were retrospectively analyzed from January 21 to February 9, 2020. According to the patient's antiviral treatment regimen, 178 patients were divided into 4 groups including LPV/r group (59 patients), arbidol group (36 patients), combination therapy with LPV/r plus arbidol group (25 patients) and the conventional treatment group without any antiviral drugs (58 patients). The main observation end points of the study was the negative conversion time of nucleic acid of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in pharyngeal swab. Results: The baseline of 4 groups before treatment was consistent and comparable. The negative conversion time of nucleic acid of the 2019-nCoV in pharyngeal swab was (10.20 \u00b1 3.49), (10.11 \u00b1 4.68), (10.86 \u00b1 4.74), (8.44 \u00b1 3.51) days separately in the LPV/r group, the arbidol group, the combination therapy group, and the conventional treatment group without significant difference (F = 2.556, P = 0.058). There was also no significant difference in the rate of negative conversion rate of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid, the improvement ration in clinical symptoms, and the improvement ration of pulmonary infection in the lung CT imaging (P> 0.05). However, a statistically significant difference was found in the proportion of deterioration changing from mild/moderate to severe/critical type at day 7 (\u03c7(2) = 9.311, P = 0.017) as follows: the combination therapy group (24.0%, 6/25), the arbidol group ( 16.7%, 6/36), LPV/r group (5.4%, 3/56) and conventional treatment group (5.2%, 3/58). Moreover, the frequency of adverse reactions in the three groups receiving antiviral drugs was significantly higher than that in the conventional treatment group (\u03c7(2) = 14.875, P = 0.002). Conclusions: No evidences could prove that LPV/r and arbidol could shorten the negative conversion time of novel coronavirus nucleic acid in pharyngeal swab nor improve the symptoms of patients. Furthermore, the combination usage of LPV/r and arbidol may not benefit for improving the disease. Noteworthy, the adverse reactions of the antiviral drugs should be paid careful attention during the treatment."}, {"pmid": 32400943, "pmcid": "PMC7272909", "title": "Ethical framework for head and neck endocrine surgery in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Chen, Amy Y", "Shindo, Maisie"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400943", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496534, "title": "Letter: Thrombotic Neurovascular Disease in COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Sweid, Ahmad", "Hammoud, Batoul", "Weinberg, Joshua H", "Oneissi, Mazen", "Raz, Eytan", "Shapiro, Maksim", "DePrince, Maureen", "Tjoumakaris, Stavropoula", "Gooch, Michael R", "Herial, Nabeel A", "Zarzour, Hekmat", "Romo, Victor", "Rosenwasser, Robert H", "Jabbour, Pascal"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496534", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456648, "pmcid": "PMC7250263", "title": "Two consecutive myocardial tissue insults for inpatients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Su, Minghua", "Peng, Jieru", "Wu, Mengjun", "Deng, Wuquan", "Yang, Yousheng", "Peng, Yong G"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456648", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446722, "pmcid": "PMC7242201", "title": "Evaluation of a high-speed but low-throughput RT-qPCR system for SARS-CoV-2 detection.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Sakai, Jun", "Tarumoto, Norihito", "Orihara, Yuta", "Kawamura, Rieko", "Kodana, Masahiro", "Matsuzaki, Nanako", "Matsumura, Ryo", "Okane, Kana", "Kawamura, Toru", "Takeuchi, Shinichi", "Imai, Kazuo", "Murakami, Takashi", "Maesaki, Shigefumi", "Takuya, Maeda"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446722", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) associated with COVID-19, a high-speed and convenient detection technology should be at the forefront of medical care worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of GeneSoC\u00ae, a compact, high-speed reciprocal flow RT-qPCR system, for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Our results support the use of this system for the rapid identification of SARS-CoV-2. This approach can contribute to the strategic selection of initial management strategies for patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32338071, "title": "Racial Capitalism: A Fundamental Cause of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Inequities in the United States.", "journal": "Health Educ Behav", "authors": ["Laster Pirtle, Whitney N"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338071", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Racial capitalism is a fundamental cause of the racial and socioeconomic inequities within the novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in the United States. The overrepresentation of Black death reported in Detroit, Michigan is a case study for this argument. Racism and capitalism mutually construct harmful social conditions that fundamentally shape COVID-19 disease inequities because they (a) shape multiple diseases that interact with COVID-19 to influence poor health outcomes; (b) affect disease outcomes through increasing multiple risk factors for poor, people of color, including racial residential segregation, homelessness, and medical bias; (c) shape access to flexible resources, such as medical knowledge and freedom, which can be used to minimize both risks and the consequences of disease; and (d) replicate historical patterns of inequities within pandemics, despite newer intervening mechanisms thought to ameliorate health consequences. Interventions should address social inequality to achieve health equity across pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32312019, "title": "[Airborne spreading for patients suffering severe coronavirus disease-2019 with different oxygen therapies].", "journal": "Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, C Y", "Jiang, W", "Xia, Y", "Weng, L", "Du, B"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312019", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340268, "pmcid": "PMC7219576", "title": "Performance Evaluation of UAV-Enabled LoRa Networks for Disaster Management Applications.", "journal": "Sensors (Basel)", "authors": ["Saraereh, Omar A", "Alsaraira, Amer", "Khan, Imran", "Uthansakul, Peerapong"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340268", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In hostile and remote environments, such as mountains, forests or suburban areas, traditional communications may not be available, especially after a disaster, such as a flood, a forest fire or an earthquake. In these situations, the wireless networks may become congested or completely disrupted and may not be adequate to support the traffic generated by rescuers. It is also considered as the key tool in Corona Virus (COVID-19) battle. Moreover, the conventional approaches with fixed gateways may not work either, and this might lead to decoding errors due to the large distance between mobile nodes and the gateway. To avoid the decoding errors and improve the reliability of the messages, we propose to use intermediate Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to transfer messages from ground-based Long Range (LoRa) nodes to the remote base station (BS). Specifically, this UAV-enabled LoRa architecture is based on the ad hoc WiFi network, wherein, UAVs act as relays for the traffic generated between LoRa nodes and BS. To make the architecture more efficient, a distributed topology control algorithm is also proposed for UAVs. The algorithm is based on virtual spring forces and movement prediction technique that periodically updates the UAV topology to adapt to the movement of the ground-based LoRa nodes that move on the surface. The simulation results show the feasibility of the proposed approach for packet reception rate and average delay quality of service (QoS) metrics. It is observed that the mechanisms implemented in a UAV-enabled LoRa network effectively help to improve the packet reception rate with nominal buffer delays."}, {"pmid": 32384908, "pmcid": "PMC7209974", "title": "Chloroquine for COVID-19: rationale, facts, hopes.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Cortegiani, Andrea", "Ippolito, Mariachiara", "Ingoglia, Giulia", "Einav, Sharon"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384908", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459081, "title": "[Evaluation of different genes in the RT-PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory samples and its evolution in infection].", "journal": "Rev Esp Quimioter", "authors": ["Reina, J", "Suarez, L"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459081", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434726, "pmcid": "PMC7211709", "title": "Neurological issues in COVID-19, summarized in verse.", "journal": "J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis", "authors": ["Golomb, Meredith R"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434726", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360680, "pmcid": "PMC7187879", "title": "Pattern of vascular disease in Lombardy, Italy, during the first month of the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Melissano, Germano", "Mascia, Daniele", "Baccellieri, Domenico", "Kahlberg, Andrea", "Bertoglio, Luca", "Rinaldi, Enrico", "Chiesa, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360680", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403202, "title": "The Power of 'Pause'-A Time for Medical Students to Reflect and Mobilize.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Spach, Natalie C"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403202", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378391, "pmcid": "PMC7230418", "title": "This newly recognized coronavirus makes one wonder why we were so unprepared.", "journal": "Croat Med J", "authors": ["Calisher, Charles H"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378391", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32351831, "pmcid": "PMC7187996", "title": "Perspective from Ecuador, the Second Country with More Confirmed Cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in South America: A Review.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Hallo, Alejandro", "Rojas, Alejandra", "Hallo, Carlos"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32351831", "countries": ["China", "Brazil", "Ecuador"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To\u00a0face\u00a0the\u00a0pandemic\u00a0outbreak of a novel coronavirus many countries developed\u00a0a series of containment\u00a0methods; however, developing countries in South America\u00a0had reacted apathetically to this worldwide concern.\u00a0Ecuador's response to the novel virus Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) started on February 26, 2020, one month after the outbreak began in China.\u00a0As of today, the countries with more confirmed cases in South America are Brazil and Ecuador. Although Brazil has two times the number of cases than Ecuador\u00a0(Brazil:\u00a0700 cases per 100000\u00a0people vs. Ecuador:\u00a0400 cases per 100000),\u00a0the\u00a0huge population\u00a0difference\u00a0between the two countries raises concerns about the\u00a0public\u00a0health policies\u00a0implemented\u00a0by the Ecuadorian government.\u00a0Even though there is no cure for COVID-19, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine\u00a0are\u00a0promising\u00a0alternatives.\u00a0The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak has shown that there is\u00a0room for improvement in the healthcare systems worldwide and the disastrous results on the fragile often unprepared are those systems in developing countries."}, {"pmid": 32219429, "title": "Convalescent Plasma to Treat COVID-19: Possibilities and Challenges.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Roback, John D", "Guarner, Jeannette"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219429", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306400, "pmcid": "PMC7264565", "title": "Nursing research is coronavirus research.", "journal": "Res Nurs Health", "authors": ["D'Antonio, Patricia", "Naylor, Mary", "Aiken, Linda"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306400", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377058, "pmcid": "PMC7201236", "title": "Sustainability of Coronavirus on different surfaces.", "journal": "J Clin Exp Hepatol", "authors": ["Suman, Rajiv", "Javaid, Mohd", "Haleem, Abid", "Vaishya, Raju", "Bahl, Shashi", "Nandan, Devaki"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377058", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is the name of the disease supposedly manifested in December 2019 from Wuhan, because of virus named as SARS-CoV-2. Now this disease has spread to almost all other parts of the world. COVID-19 pandemic has various reasons for its dramatic worldwide increase. Here, we have studied Coronavirus sustainability on various surfaces. Various disinfectants and their roles are discussed from the available literature. The infection capabilities of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 for different materials are discussed and finally studies infection decay for SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32369687, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic-Induced Panic Disorder.", "journal": "Prim Care Companion CNS Disord", "authors": ["Bhatia, Manjeet Singh", "Goyal, Sheenam", "Singh, Apala", "Daral, Ankit"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369687", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377507, "pmcid": "PMC7199681", "title": "A Cautionary Tale of False-Negative Nasopharyngeal COVID-19 Testing.", "journal": "IDCases", "authors": ["Bullis, Sean S M", "Crothers, Jessica W", "Wayne, Shawn", "Hale, Andrew J"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377507", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There remains diagnostic uncertainty regarding the sensitivity of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in detection of SARS-CoV-2 from nasopharyngeal specimens. We present a case where two nasopharyngeal specimens were negative, followed by a positive sputum sample. Serial testing for COVID-19 is indicated in patients with high pretest probability of disease."}, {"pmid": 32474941, "title": "Editorial Perspective: Perils and promise for child and adolescent sleep and associated psychopathology during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Child Psychol Psychiatry", "authors": ["Becker, Stephen P", "Gregory, Alice M"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474941", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It is anticipated that the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated societal response will have wide-ranging impacts on youth development and mental health. Sleep is crucial for child and adolescent health and well-being, and the potential for sleep problems to emerge or worsen during and following the pandemic is high. This may be particularly true for children and adolescents who are at heightened risk for the onset of sleep and mental health disturbances and for those whom developmental changes impacting sleep are rapidly occurring. Youth with preexisting psychopathologies (including anxiety and depression) and neurodevelopmental conditions (including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder) could be especially vulnerable to disturbed sleep during this period of change and uncertainty. It is thus imperative that sleep considerations be part of research and clinical initiatives aimed at understanding and mitigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in children and adolescents. This article considers ways in which the pandemic may impact sleep, including research and clinical implications."}, {"pmid": 32217506, "pmcid": "PMC7104707", "title": "The Role of the Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network and the Eastern Mediterranean Field Epidemiology Training Programs in Preparedness for COVID-19.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Al Nsour, Mohannad", "Bashier, Haitham", "Al Serouri, Abulwahed", "Malik, Elfatih", "Khader, Yousef", "Saeed, Khwaja", "Ikram, Aamer", "Abdalla, Abdalla Mohammed", "Belalia, Abdelmounim", "Assarag, Bouchra", "Baig, Mirza Amir", "Almudarra, Sami", "Arqoub, Kamal", "Osman, Shahd", "Abu-Khader, Ilham", "Shalabi, Dana", "Majeed, Yasir"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217506", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the current COVID-19 a public health emergency of international concern on January 30, 2020. Countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) have a high vulnerability and variable capacity to respond to outbreaks. Many of these countries addressed the need for increasing capacity in the areas of surveillance and rapid response to public health threats. Moreover, countries addressed the need for communication strategies that direct the public to actions for self- and community protection. This viewpoint article aims to highlight the contribution of the Global Health Development (GHD)/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (EMPHNET) and the EMR's Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETPs) to prepare for and respond to the current COVID-19 threat. GHD/EMPHNET has the scientific expertise to contribute to elevating the level of country alert and preparedness in the EMR and to provide technical support through health promotion, training and training materials, guidelines, coordination, and communication. The FETPs are currently actively participating in surveillance and screening at the ports of entry, development of communication materials and guidelines, and sharing information to health professionals and the public. However, some countries remain ill-equipped, have poor diagnostic capacity, and are in need of further capacity development in response to public health threats. It is essential that GHD/EMPHNET and FETPs continue building the capacity to respond to COVID-19 and intensify support for preparedness and response to public health emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32214514, "pmcid": "PMC7088298", "title": "[Business cycle highlight: Coronavirus keeps the global economy in suspense].", "journal": "Wirtschaftsdienst", "authors": ["Gern, Klaus-Jurgen", "Hauber, Philipp"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32214514", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325127, "pmcid": "PMC7194792", "title": "Darunavir does not prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in HIV patients.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Riva, Agostino", "Conti, Federico", "Bernacchia, Dario", "Pezzati, Laura", "Sollima, Salvatore", "Merli, Stefania", "Siano, Matteo", "Lupo, Angelica", "Rusconi, Stefano", "Cattaneo, Dario", "Gervasoni, Cristina"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325127", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338224, "title": "Focus on Receptors for Coronaviruses with Special Reference to Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2 as a Potential Drug Target - A Perspective.", "journal": "Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets", "authors": ["Magrone, Thea", "Magrone, Manrico", "Jirillo, Emilio"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338224", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs) possess an enveloped, single, positive-stranded RNA genome which encodes for four membrane proteins, namely spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins 3-5 [1]. With regard to pathogenicity, S proteins are essential for viral entry into host cells [2, 3]. SARS-CoV binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)2 which is present on nonimmune cells, such as respiratory and intestinal epithelial cells, endothelial cells, kidney cells (renal tubules) and cerebral neurons and immune cells, such as alveolar monocytes/macrophages [4-6]. Of note, CD209L or liver/lymph node special intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (SIGN) and dendritic cell (DC)-SIGN are alternative receptors for SARS-CoV but with lower affinity [7]. In the case of MERS-CoV, S proteins bind to the host cell receptor dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4 or CD26) which is broadly expressed on intestinal, alveolar, renal, hepatic and prostate cells as well as on activated leukocytes [8]. Then, viruses replicate in target cells with release of mature virions, which, in turn, invade new target cells [9]. Evidence has been provided that SARSCoV proteins are cleaved into two subunits, S1 and S2, respectively, and the amino acids 318-510 of the S1 represent the receptor-binding domain (RBD) which binds to ACE2 [10, 11]. Quite importantly, in the context of RBD there is the receptor-binding motif (RBM) (amino acids 424- 494), which accounts for complete binding to ACE2 [11]. Moreover, by means of two residues at positions 479 and 487 RBD allows virus progression and tropism [10, 11]. In the case of MERSCoV, its RBM binds to DPP4 with residues 484-567, thus, suggesting that its RBD differs from that of SARS-CoV [12, 13]. In a very recent paper, Wan and associates [14] have investigated the receptor recognition by COVID-19 (a new term to indicate the 2019-nCoV in Wuhan) on the bases of structural studies. In this respect, the sequence of COVID-19 RBM is similar to that of SARSCoV, thus, implicating that ACE2 may represent the binding receptors for COVID-19. Furthermore, gln493 residue of COVID-19 RBM seems to allow interaction with human ACE2, thus, suggesting the ability of this virus to infect human cells. According, to Wan and associates structural analysis [14], COVID-19 binds to human ACE2 with a lesser efficiency than human SARS-CoV (2002) but with higher affinity than human SARS-CoV (2003). Furthermore, same authors predicted that a single mutation at the 501 position may enhance the COVID-19 RBD binding capacity to human ACE2 and this evolution should be monitored in infected patients [14]. These predictive findings by Wan and associates [14] are confirmed by two contemporary studies by Letko and Muster [15] and Peng and associates [16]. In particular, the report by Peng and associates [16], points out the possible origin of COVID-19 from bats [16]. From a pathogenic point of view, evidence has been provided that binding of S2 to ACE2 receptor leads to its down-regulation with subsequent lung damage in the course of SARS-CoV infection [17]. Down-regulation of ACE2 causes excessive production of angiotensin (ANG) II by the related enzyme ACE with stimulation of ANG type 1a receptor (AT1R) and enhanced lung vascular permeability [18]. In particular, same authors have reported that recombinant ACE2 could attenuate severe acute lung injury in mice [18]. Moreover, Battle and associates [19] also proposed to use already available recombinant ACE2 for intercepting COVID-19 and attenuating infection. In the previous paragraphs, the presence of ACE2 on immune cells has been pointed out and, by analogy to epithelial cells, this receptor may also be down-regulated following viral entry. Therefore, in CoV-infected animal models and in infected humans further investigations are required to clarify a possible reduced expression of ACE2 on immune cells. In fact, in the course of SARS-CoV infection, a number of immune disorders have been detected. Three reports have demonstrated the ability of CoV to inhibit interferon (IFN)-\uf062 production in the course of SARS acting as IFN antagonist [20-22]. In senescent Balb/c mice, depletion of T lymphocytes is associated to more severe interstitial pneumonitis and delayed clearance of SARS-CoV, thus, suggesting a protective role played by these cells [23]. In this connection, both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV have been shown to induce T cell apoptosis, thus, aggravating the clinical course of disease [24, 25]. Quite interestingly, memory CD8+ T cells specific for SARS-CoV M and N proteins have been detected up to 11 years post-infection [26]. As far as humoral immune responsiveness is concerned, evidence has been provided that S1 subunit from MERS-CoV is highly immunogenic in mice [27]. Moreover, monoclonal antibodies have been shown to be highly neutralizing against MERS-CoV replication and endowed with post exposure effectiveness in susceptible mice [28, 29]. Human neutralizing antibodies have also been isolated from a recovered patient, thus, suggesting the role of humoral immunity in the control of the persistence of CoV in the host [30]. In particular, IgG response occurs early in infection and its prolonged production may serve for virus clearance during recovery also in view of the absence of viremia in convalescent sera from SARS patients [31]. According to current literature, severity of COVID-19 infection correlates with lymphopenia and patients who died from COVID-19 had lower lymphocyte counts when compared to survivors [32, 33]. These data suggest that lymphocyte-mediated anti-viral activity is poorly effective against COVID-19. Despite lymphopenia, evidence for an exaggerate release of proinflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6] has been reported in the course acute respiratory syndrome in COVID19 infected patients, thus, aggravating the clinical course of disease [34]. As recently reported, during COVID-19 pandemic in both Italy and China higher frequency of fatalities have been observed in the frail elderly population with previous comorbidities [35]. It is well known that decline of immunity occurs in ageing and, therefore, COVID-19 may gain easier access to the respiratory tract in frail elderly patients [36]. There is evidence that ACE2 protects from severe acute lung failure and operates as a negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) [18, 37]. It is well known that ANG II via activation of the AT1R promotes detrimental effects on the host, such as, vasoconstriction, reactive oxygen species generation, inflammation and matrix remodelling [38]. ACE2 counterbalances the noxious effects exhibited by ANG II and AT1R via activation of AT2R which arrests cell growth, inflammation and fibrosis [39]. In this framework, Gurwitz [40] proposed to use AT1R blockers, such as losartan, as a potential treatment of COVID-19 infection. In fact, losartan as well as olmesartan, used for treating hypertension in patients, were able to increase ACE2 expression after 28 days treatment of rats with myocardial infarction [41]. Then, Gurwitz suggests to evaluate severity of symptoms in COVID-19 infected patients under previous chronic treatment with AT1R blockers in comparison to COVID-19 infected patients who did not take AT1R blockers [40]. Quite interestingly, 75% of aged COVID-19 infected patients admitted to Italian hospitals had hypertension [unpublished data]. However, the putative effects of ACE-2 down-regulation on the cardiovascular system in the course of COVID-19 pandemic need more intensive studies. Taken together, these evidences suggest that CoV-induced down-regulation of ACE2 activates RAS with collateral damage to organs, such as lungs, in the course of SARS-related pneumonia. Then, putative therapeutic measures aimed at increasing ACE2 levels on respiratory epithelial cells should be taken into serious consideration. Quite interestingly, over the past few years, three key papers have demonstrated the ability of a polyphenol, resveratrol (RES), to experimentally deactivate the RAS system in maternal and post-weaning high fat diet, arterial ageing and high fat diet, respectively [42-44]. In all these experimental models, RES led to an increase of ACE2 with reduction of organ damage, such as liver steatosis and aorta media thickness and decrease of adipose tissue mass, respectively. As far as the mechanism of action of RES is concerned, this polyphenol is able to activate sirtuin (Sirt)1 [45-47]. In turn, Sirt1 down-regulates AT1R expression via ACE2 up-regulation [43, 48]. Of importance, Lin and associates [48] have demonstrated the ability of RES to in vitro inhibit MERS-CoV infection of Vero E6 cells, thus, prolonging cell survival in virtue of an anti-apoptotic mechanism. These findings suggest a direct antiviral effect exerted by RES. It would be very interestingly to evaluate the direct effects of RES on COVID-19, in vitro. The data above discussed strongly suggest, that RES, as an activators of ACE2, should be investigated in animal models of CoV-induced severe pneumonia, also taking into account the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating effects exerted by polyphenols [49]. Then, successful animal studies may pave the way for RES-based human trials in COVID-infected patients. Note added in proof During the reviewing process of this perspective other related papers have been published. Hanff and associates [50] have discussed the possible association between COVID-19-associated cardiovascular mortality and dysregulation of the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS). From a pharmacologic point of view, RAS inhibition leads to upregulation of ACE2, thus, attenuating acute respiratory syndrome and myocarditis in COVID-19-infected patients. Conversely, increase in ACE2 expression may facilitate the access into the host of COVID-19, thus, aggravating the clinical picture. Such a dilemma would be solved by clinical trials based on RAS blockade or initiation and monitoring related effects. Contemporarily, Danser and associates [51] claim that there is no evidence to stop RAS blockers in the course of COVID-19 infection. In fact, there are no available data which support that ACE inhibitors or ANG II type I receptor blockers increase COVID-19 infection via its binding to ACE2. Finally, Kuster and associates [52] write that there are no data on the strict relationship between ACE2 activity and SARS-CoV2 mortality. Moreover, in the SARSCoV2, cells expressing ACE2 were not attacked by the virus, while cells lacking ACE2 were bound by the SARS-CoV2 virus [53]. These findings suggest that also in the case of RES effects on COVID-19 infection, the dual role of ACE2 should be taken into serious consideration."}, {"pmid": 32481547, "title": "Robotics Utilization for Healthcare Digitization in Global COVID-19 Management.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Khan, Zeashan Hameed", "Siddique, Afifa", "Lee, Chang Won"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32481547", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper describes the evolving role of robotics in healthcare and allied areas with special concerns relating to the management and control of the spread of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The prime utilization of such robots is to minimize person-to-person contact and to ensure cleaning, sterilization and support in hospitals and similar facilities such as quarantine. This will result in minimizing the life threat to medical staff and doctors taking an active role in the management of theCOVID-19 pandemic. The intention of the present research is to highlight the importance of medical robotics in general and then to connect its utilization with the perspective of COVID-19 management so that the hospital management can direct themselves to maximize the use of medical robots for various medical procedures. This is despite the popularity of telemedicine, which is also effective in similar situations. In essence, the recent achievement of the Korean and Chinese health sectors in obtaining active control of the COVID-19 pandemic was not possible without the use of state of the art medical technology."}, {"pmid": 32433220, "title": "When life is put on hold, how do we hold on to life? - Challenges and Opportunities in Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics during COVID-19.", "journal": "J Dev Behav Pediatr", "authors": ["Aishworiya, Ramkumar", "Chong, Shang Chee", "Kiing, Jennifer Sh"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433220", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32440724, "pmcid": "PMC7242177", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on Healthcare Workers in Italy: Results from a National E-Survey.", "journal": "J Community Health", "authors": ["Felice, Carla", "Di Tanna, Gian Luca", "Zanus, Giacomo", "Grossi, Ugo"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440724", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy has been the first-hit European country to face the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Aim of this survey was to assess in depth the impact of the outbreak on healthcare workers (HCW). A 40-item online survey was disseminated via social media inviting Italian HCW, with questions exploring demographics, health status and work environment of respondents. A total of 527 were invited to take part in March 2020, of whom 74% (n\u2009=\u2009388) responded to the survey. Of these, 235 (61%) were women. HCW were mostly physicians (74%), from high-prevalence regions (52%). 25% experienced typical symptoms during the last 14 days prior to survey completion, with only 45% of them being tested for COVID-19. Among the tested population, 18 (18%) resulted positive for COVID-19, with 33% being asymptomatic. Only 22% of HCW considered personal protective equipment adequate for quality and quantity. Females and respondents working in high-risk sectors were more likely to rate psychological support as useful (OR, 1.78 [CI 95% 1.14-2.78] P\u2009=\u20090.012, and 2.02 [1.12-3.65] P\u2009=\u20090.020, respectively) and workload as increased (mean increase, 0.38 [0.06-0.69] P\u2009=\u20090.018; and 0.54 [0.16-0.92] P\u2009=\u20090.005, respectively). The insights from this survey may help authorities in countries where COVID-19 epidemic has not yet broken out. Management strategies should be promptly undertaken in order to enhance safety and optimise resource allocation."}, {"pmid": 32343365, "pmcid": "PMC7267568", "title": "Canadian Geriatrics in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Hogan, David B", "MacKnight, Chris", "Madden, Kenneth M", "Montero-Odasso, Manuel", "Stall, Nathan"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343365", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488956, "title": "Can concomitant use of zinc and curcumin with other immunity-boosting nutraceuticals be the arsenal against COVID-19?", "journal": "Phytother Res", "authors": ["Roy, Anupam", "Sarkar, Biswatrish", "Celik, Cagla", "Ghosh, Animesh", "Basu, Utpal", "Jana, Malabendu", "Jana, Arundhati", "Gencay, Ayse", "Sezgin, Gulten Can", "Ildiz, Nilay", "Dam, Paulami", "Mandal, Amit K", "Ocsoy, Ismail"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488956", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353344, "pmcid": "PMC7185943", "title": "Estimation of COVID-19 burden in Egypt - Authors' reply.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Tuite, Ashleigh R", "Ng, Victoria", "Rees, Erin", "Fisman, David", "Wilder-Smith, Annelies", "Khan, Kamran", "Bogoch, Isaac I"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353344", "countries": ["Egypt"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420305, "pmcid": "PMC7211518", "title": "COVID-19 managed with early non-invasive ventilation and a bundle pharmacotherapy: A case report.", "journal": "World J Clin Cases", "authors": ["Peng, Mian", "Ren, Di", "Liu, Xue-Yan", "Li, Jin-Xiu", "Chen, Rong-Lin", "Yu, Bao-Jun", "Liu, Yong-Feng", "Meng, Xi", "Lyu, Yan-Si"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420305", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become an immense public health burden, first in China and subsequently worldwide. Developing effective control measures for COVID-19, especially measures that can halt the worsening of severe cases to a critical status is of urgent importance. A 52-year-old woman presented with a high fever (38.8 \u00b0C), chills, dizziness, and weakness. Epidemiologically, she had not been to Wuhan where COVID-19 emerged and did not have a family history of a disease cluster. A blood test yielded a white blood cell count of 4.41 \u00d7 109/L (60.6 \u00b1 2.67% neutrophils and 30.4 \u00b1 1.34% lymphocytes). Chest imaging revealed bilateral ground-glass lung changes. Based on a positive nasopharyngeal swab nucleic acid test result and clinical characteristics, the patient was diagnosed with COVID-19. Following treatment with early non-invasive ventilation and a bundle pharmacotherapy, she recovered with a good outcome. Early non-invasive ventilation with a bundle pharmacotherapy may be an effective treatment regimen for the broader population of patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32511912, "title": "COVID-19: Drug targets and potential treatments.", "journal": "J Med Chem", "authors": ["Gil, Carmen", "Ginex, Tiziana", "Maestro, Ines", "Nozal, Vanesa", "Barrado-Gil, Lucia", "Cuesta-Geijo, Miguel A", "Urquiza, Jesus", "Ramirez, David", "Alonso, Covadonga", "Campillo, Nuria E", "Martinez, Ana"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511912", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, we are immersed in a pandemic caused by the emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which severely threatens public health worldwide. Until now, no drug or vaccine has been approved to treat the severe disease caused by this coronavirus, COVID-19. We will focus on the main virus-based and host-based targets that can guide medicinal chemistry efforts to discover new drugs for this devastating disease. In principle, all CoVs enzymes and proteins involved in viral replication and the control of host cellular machineries are potentially druggable targets in the search for therapeutic options for SARS-CoV-2. This perspective provides an overview of the main targets from a structural point of view, together with reported therapeutic compounds with activity against SARS-CoV-2 and/or other CoVs. Also, the role of innate immune response to coronavirus infection and the related therapeutic options will be presented."}, {"pmid": 32382898, "pmcid": "PMC7203719", "title": "[COVID-19, and the History of Social Science Disaster Research].", "journal": "NTM", "authors": ["Stehrenberger, Cecile Stephanie"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382898", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper is part of Forum COVID-19: Perspectives in the Humanities and Social Sciences.The article connects and juxtaposes current day (social scientific) discussions on the social effects of the COVID-crisis with the history of social science disaster research during the Cold War. It elaborates on statements regarding the role of social inequalities in disaster, the idea of the \"revealing\" nature of disaster and crisis, and the relationship between disaster science, public and politics."}, {"pmid": 32513798, "title": "The good, the bad & the hoax: when publication instantaneously impacts treatment strategies for COVID-19.", "journal": "Antimicrob Agents Chemother", "authors": ["Danion, Francois", "Ruch, Yvon", "Fourtage, Marion", "Kaeuffer, Charlotte", "Greigert, Valentin", "Lefebvre, Nicolas", "Muller, Joris", "Nai, Thierry", "Hansmann, Yves"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513798", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented situation with physicians awaiting information on therapeutic advances to an extent hardly ever seen in medical history.\u2026."}, {"pmid": 32426073, "pmcid": "PMC7233214", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Is COVID-19 the Cause of Delayed Surgical Treatment of Spine Trauma in Latin America?", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Cabrera, Juan P", "Yurac, Ratko", "Guiroy, Alfredo", "Carazzo, Charles A", "Joaquim, Andrei F", "Zamorano, Juan J", "Valacco, Marcelo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426073", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464294, "pmcid": "PMC7255289", "title": "Pretreated household materials carry similar filtration protection against pathogens when compared with surgical masks.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Carnino, Jonathan M", "Ryu, Sunhyo", "Ni, Kareemah", "Jin, Yang"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464294", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The past 4 months, the emergence and spread of novel 2019 SARS-Cov-2 (COVID-19) has led to a global pandemic which is rapidly depleting supplies of personal protective equipment worldwide. There are currently over 1.6 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide which has resulted in more the 100,000 deaths. As these numbers grow daily, hospitals are being forced to reuse surgical masks in hopes of conserving their dwindling supply. Since COVID-19 will most likely have effects that last for many months, our nationwide shortage of masks poses a long term issue that must be addressed immediately. Based on a previous study by Quan et al., a salt-based soaking strategy has been reported to enhance the filtration ability of surgical masks. We propose a similar soaking process which uses materials widely available in anyone's household. We tested this method of pretreating a variety of materials with a salt-based solution by a droplet test using fluorescently stained nanoparticles similar in size to the COVID-19 virus. Our results show that this filter significantly reduces the amount of penetration of these particles. This will allow for healthcare workers to create a disposable added layer of protection to their surgical masks, N95s, or homemade masks by using household available products."}, {"pmid": 32145214, "pmcid": "PMC7133663", "title": "Lymphopenic community acquired pneumonia as signature of severe COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Bermejo-Martin, Jesus F", "Almansa, Raquel", "Menendez, Rosario", "Mendez, Raul", "Kelvin, David J", "Torres, Antoni"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145214", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238223, "pmcid": "PMC7204583", "title": "Case Report: Walking Pneumonia in Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Mild Symptoms with Marked Abnormalities on Chest Imaging.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Sivakorn, Chaisith", "Luvira, Viravarn", "Muangnoicharoen, Sant", "Piroonamornpun, Pittaya", "Ouppapong, Tharawit", "Mungaomklang, Anek", "Iamsirithaworn, Sopon"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238223", "countries": ["China", "Thailand"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This case report underlines the appearance of a \"walking pneumonia\" in a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patient, with evidence of progressive lung involvement on chest imaging studies. The patient traveled from Wuhan, Hubei, China, to Thailand in January 2020. One of her family members was diagnosed with COVID-19. She presented to the hospital because of her concern, but she was without fever or any respiratory symptoms. Three days earlier, her nasopharyngeal and throat swabs revealed a negative severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Her initial chest radiography was abnormal, and her first sputum SARS-CoV-2 test yielded inconclusive results. A subsequent sputum test was positive for SARS-CoV-2. Diagnosis in this patient was facilitated by chest imaging and repeat viral testing. Thus, chest imaging studies might enhance capabilities for early diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32169119, "pmcid": "PMC7068984", "title": "The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak - an update on the status.", "journal": "Mil Med Res", "authors": ["Guo, Yan-Rong", "Cao, Qing-Dong", "Hong, Zhong-Si", "Tan, Yuan-Yang", "Chen, Shou-Deng", "Jin, Hong-Jun", "Tan, Kai-Sen", "Wang, De-Yun", "Yan, Yan"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32169119", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An acute respiratory disease, caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, previously known as 2019-nCoV), the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread throughout China and received worldwide attention. On 30 January 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the COVID-19 epidemic as a public health emergency of international concern. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2, since the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, marked the third introduction of a highly pathogenic and large-scale epidemic coronavirus into the human population in the twenty-first century. As of 1 March 2020, a total of 87,137 confirmed cases globally, 79,968 confirmed in China and 7169 outside of China, with 2977 deaths (3.4%) had been reported by WHO. Meanwhile, several independent research groups have identified that SARS-CoV-2 belongs to \u03b2-coronavirus, with highly identical genome to bat coronavirus, pointing to bat as the natural host. The novel coronavirus uses the same receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as that for SARS-CoV, and mainly spreads through the respiratory tract. Importantly, increasingly evidence showed sustained human-to-human transmission, along with many exported cases across the globe. The clinical symptoms of COVID-19 patients include fever, cough, fatigue and a small population of patients appeared gastrointestinal infection symptoms. The elderly and people with underlying diseases are susceptible to infection and prone to serious outcomes, which may be associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and cytokine storm. Currently, there are few specific antiviral strategies, but several potent candidates of antivirals and repurposed drugs are under urgent investigation. In this review, we summarized the latest research progress of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical characteristics of COVID-19, and discussed the current treatment and scientific advancements to combat the epidemic novel coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32433217, "title": "SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: Evolving Reality, Global Response, Knowledge Gaps and Opportunities.", "journal": "Shock", "authors": ["Osuchowski, Marcin F", "Aletti, Federico", "Cavaillon, Jean-Marc", "Flohe, Stefanie B", "Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J", "Huber-Lang, Markus", "Relja, Borna", "Skirecki, Tomasz", "Szabo, Andrea", "Maegele, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433217", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Approximately 3 billion people around the world have gone into some form of social separation to mitigate the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The uncontrolled influx of patients in need of emergency care has rapidly brought several national health systems to near-collapse with deadly consequences to those afflicted by COVID-19 and other critical diseases associated with COVID-19. Solid scientific evidence regarding SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 remains scarce; there is an urgent need to expand our understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology to facilitate precise and targeted treatments. The capacity for rapid information dissemination has emerged as a double-edged sword; the existing gap of high-quality data is frequently filled by anecdotal reports, contradictory statements and misinformation. This review addresses several important aspects unique to the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic highlighting the most relevant knowledge gaps and existing windows-of-opportunity. Specifically, focus is given to SARS-CoV-2 immunopathogenesis in the context of experimental therapies and pre-clinical evidence and their applicability in supporting efficacious clinical trial planning. The review discusses the existing challenges of SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics and the potential application of translational technology for epidemiological predictions, patient monitoring and treatment decision-making in COVID-19. Furthermore, solutions for enhancing international strategies in translational research, cooperative networks and regulatory partnerships are contemplated."}, {"pmid": 32246142, "pmcid": "PMC7184370", "title": "Care for the psychological status of frontline medical staff fighting against COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Huang, Jing", "Liu, Fangkun", "Teng, Ziwei", "Chen, Jindong", "Zhao, Jingping", "Wang, Xiaoping", "Wu, Renrong"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246142", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286910, "title": "Pediatric Otolaryngology Divisional and Institutional Preparatory Response at Seattle Children's Hospital after COVID-19 Regional Exposure.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Parikh, Sanjay R", "Bly, Randall A", "Bonilla-Velez, Juliana", "Dahl, John P", "Evans, Sean S", "Horn, David L", "Johnson, Kaalan E", "Manning, Scott C", "Ou, Henry C", "Pattisapu, Prasanth", "Perkins, Jonathan A", "Sie, Kathleen C Y"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286910", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel coronavirus resulting in high mortality in the adult population but low mortality in the pediatric population. The role children and adolescents play in COVID-19 transmission is unclear, and it is possible that healthy pediatric patients serve as a reservoir for the virus. This article serves as a summary of a single pediatric institution's response to COVID-19 with the goal of protecting both patients and health care providers while providing ongoing care to critically ill patients who require urgent interventions. A significant limitation of this commentary is that it reflects a single institution's joint effort at a moment in time but does not take into consideration future circumstances that could change practice patterns. We still hope dissemination of our overall response at this moment, approximately 8 weeks after our region's first adult case, may benefit other pediatric institutions preparing for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32448878, "title": "CoViD-19 in Italy: homeless population needs protection.", "journal": "Recenti Prog Med", "authors": ["Barbieri, Alberto"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448878", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy is one of the most affected countries by the new coronavirus (CoViD-19) pandemic. In the country, there are an estimated 49,000-52,000 homeless people. People experiencing homelessness are among the potentially most vulnerable groups to the CoViD-19. Despite this, in Italy there is a worrying delay in implementation of a national coordinated strategy to protect homeless people from the potentially devastating effects caused by CoViD-19. In order to contain the epidemic among the most vulnerable people, we propose a short operational agenda based on the field experience of the medical-humanitarian organization Medici per i Diritti Umani (Doctors for Human Rights, Italy - MEDU) as well as on the example of initiatives taken by other countries."}, {"pmid": 32358764, "pmcid": "PMC7194028", "title": "Regional anesthesia during the COVID-19 pandemic: a time to reconsider practices? (Letter #2).", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Aliste, Julian", "Altermatt, Fernando R", "Atton, Rous", "Bravo, Daneila", "Layera, Sebastian", "Miranda, Pablo", "Pesce, Italo"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358764", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379637, "pmcid": "PMC7118596", "title": "Respiratory rehabilitation in elderly patients with COVID-19: A randomized controlled study.", "journal": "Complement Ther Clin Pract", "authors": ["Liu, Kai", "Zhang, Weitong", "Yang, Yadong", "Zhang, Jinpeng", "Li, Yunqian", "Chen, Ying"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379637", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Different degrees of disorders are reported in respiratory function, physical function and psychological function in patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), especially in elderly patients. With the experience of improved and discharged COVID-19 patients, timely respiratory rehabilitation intervention may improve prognosis, maximize functional preservation and improve quality of life (QoL), but there lacks of studies worldwide exploring the outcome of this intervention. To investigate the effects of 6-week respiratory rehabilitation training on respiratory function, QoL, mobility and psychological function in elderly patients with COVID-19. This paper reported the findings of an observational, prospective, quasi-experimental study, which totally recruited 72 participants, of which 36 patients underwent respiratory rehabilitation and the rest without any rehabilitation intervention. The following outcomes were measured: pulmonary function tests including plethysmography and diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), functional tests (6-min walk distance test), Quality of life (QoL) assessments (SF-36 scores), activities of daily living (Functional Independence Measure, FIM scores), and mental status tests (SAS anxiety and SDS depression scores). After 6 weeks of respiratory rehabilitation in the intervention group, there disclosed significant differences in FEV1(L), FVC(L), FEV1/FVC%, DLCO% and 6-min walk test. The SF-36 scores, in 8 dimensions, were statistically significant within the intervention group and between the two groups. SAS and SDS scores in the intervention group decreased after the intervention, but only anxiety had significant statistical significance within and between the two groups. Six-week respiratory rehabilitation can improve respiratory function, QoL and anxiety of elderly patients with COVID-19, but it has little significant improvement on depression in the elderly."}, {"pmid": 32519674, "title": "[Exploration and practice of online teaching system of medical immunology based on small private online course (SPOC) model during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic].", "journal": "Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, Wei", "Zhang, Yusi", "Tang, Kang", "Zhang, Yun", "Liu, Kan", "Zhang, Rui", "Zhuang, Ran"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519674", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the Chinese Ministry of Education put forward the requirement of turning offline education into online teaching to universities. Our department positively responded and rapidly mobilized to establish an online teaching system of medical immunology based on the small private online course (SPOC) model, which has a main body of the SPOC model with \"video course as the main part, supplemented by online Q&A\". The system also has feedback improvement sections of online discussion and chapter tests and evaluates the quality and effect of teaching with students' group display, course examination, and questionnaires. At the same time, the COVID-19 hotspot is also organically combined with immunological knowledge throughout the online teaching. In this process, our department continuously summarizes experiences and discovers problems. Herein, we generalize and sort out the exploration and practice of constructing the online teaching system, to carry out offline teaching after the pandemic and to continue this teaching model in the future, for reference and guidance."}, {"pmid": 32282420, "pmcid": "PMC7219855", "title": "Guidelines for Ambulatory Surgery Centers for the Care of Surgically Necessary/Time-Sensitive Orthopaedic Cases During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["DePhillipo, Nicholas N", "Larson, Christopher M", "O'Neill, Owen R", "LaPrade, Robert F"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282420", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421877, "title": "A late onset widespread skin rash in a previous Covid-19 infected patient: viral or multidrug effect?", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Skroza, N", "Bernardini, N", "Balduzzi, V", "Mambrin, A", "Marchesiello, A", "Michelini, S", "Tolino, E", "Proietti, I", "Di Cristofano, C", "Petrozza, V", "Potenza, C"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421877", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "in the end of 2019, a series of pneumonia cases emerged in China, with clinical presentations greatly resembling viral pneumonia, caused by Covid-19 o SARS-CoV-2. Currently, several clinicians described an increasingly cases of coronavirus-positive patients reporting skin problems, either in early stage of infection or as late onset manifestation. Recently, Dr. Sebastiano Recalcati analyzed the cutaneous involvement in 148 COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the Lecco Hospital, Lombardy, Italy."}, {"pmid": 32422664, "title": "EASAPS/ESPRAS Considerations in getting back to work in Plastic Surgery with the COVID-19 Pandemic - A European point of view.", "journal": "Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir", "authors": ["van Heijningen, Ivar", "Frank, Konstantin", "Almeida, Francisco", "Bosch, Urs", "Bradic, Nicola", "Costa, Horacio", "Demirdover, Cenk", "Henley, Mark", "Kamolz, Lars Peter", "Rouif, Michel", "Spendel, Stephan", "Russe-Wilflingseder, Katharina", "Stark, Birgit", "Giunta, Riccardo E", "Parreira, Jose Carlos", "Zic, Rado"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422664", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this paper is to summarize the results of a consensus process and a European webinar of the two societies, European Association of Societies of Aesthetic Surgery (EASAPS) and the European Society of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Societies (ESPRAS) on what is considered safe practice based on the scientific knowledge we have today. This review of the current situations gives considerations which have to be taken into account when getting back to work in plastic surgery with COVID-19 in Europe. At all times, one should be familiar the local and regional infection rates in the community, with particular emphasis on the emergence of second and third waves of the pandemic. Due to the fast-evolving nature of the COVID-19 pandemic the recommendations aim to be rather considerations than fixed guidelines and might need to be revised in near future."}, {"pmid": 32167146, "pmcid": "PMC7107552", "title": "Interrupting transmission of COVID-19: lessons from containment efforts in Singapore.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Lee, Vernon J", "Chiew, Calvin J", "Khong, Wei Xin"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167146", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282920, "pmcid": "PMC7184373", "title": "\"We're staying at home\". Association of self-perceptions of aging, personal and family resources and loneliness with psychological distress during the lock-down period of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci", "authors": ["Losada-Baltar, Andres", "Jimenez-Gonzalo, Lucia", "Gallego-Alberto, Laura", "Pedroso-Chaparro, Maria Del Sequeros", "Fernandes-Pires, Jose", "Marquez-Gonzalez, Maria"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282920", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Families are going through a very stressful time because of the COVID-19 outbreak, with age being a risk factor for this illness. Negative self-perceptions of aging, among other personal and relational variables may be associated with loneliness and distress caused by the pandemic crisis. Participants are 1310 Spanish people (age range: 18-88 years) during a lock-down period at home. In addition to specific questions about risk for COVID-19, self-perceptions of aging, family and personal resources, loneliness and psychological distress were measured. Hierarchical regression analyses were done for assessing the correlates of loneliness and psychological distress. The measured variables allow for an explanation of 48% and 33% of the variance of distress and loneliness, respectively. Being female, younger, having negative self-perceptions about aging, more time exposed to news about COVID-19, more contact with relatives different to those that co-reside, fewer positive emotions, less perceived self-efficacy, lower quality of sleep, higher expressed emotion and higher loneliness were associated with higher distress. Being female, younger, having negative self-perceptions about aging, more time exposed to news about COVID-19, lower contact with relatives, higher self-perception as a burden, fewer positive emotions, lower resources for entertaining oneself, lower quality of sleep and higher expressed emotion were associated with higher loneliness."}, {"pmid": 32456444, "title": "CORRIGENDUM to Emergency Approval of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for Treatment of COVID-19 (updated to Emergency Authorization of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for Treatment of COVID-19).", "journal": "Ann Pharmacother", "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456444", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32440887, "pmcid": "PMC7242019", "title": "The EPICENTRE (ESPNIC Covid pEdiatric Neonatal Registry) initiative: background and protocol for the international SARS-CoV-2 infections registry.", "journal": "Eur J Pediatr", "authors": ["De Luca, Daniele", "Rava, Lucilla", "Nadel, Simon", "Tissieres, Pierre", "Gawronski, Orsola", "Perkins, Elisabeth", "Chidini, Giovanna", "Tingay, David G"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440887", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 is the worst healthcare emergency of this century, and its impact on pediatrics and neonatology is still largely unknown. The European Society for Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care (ESPNIC) launched the EPICENTRE (ESPNIC Covid pEdiatric Neonatal Registry) international, multicenter, and multidisciplinary initiative to study the epidemiology, clinical course, and outcomes of pediatric and neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infections. EPICENTRE background and aims are presented together with protocol details. EPICENTRE is open to centers all over the world, and this will allow to provide a pragmatic picture of the epidemic, with a particular attention to pediatric and neonatal critical care issues.Conclusions: EPICENTRE will allow researchers to clarify the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and outcomes of pediatric and neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection, refining its clinical management and hopefully providing new insights for clinicians.What is Known:\u2022 COVID19 is the new disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and is spreading around the globe.\u2022 Majority of data available about SARS-CoV-2 infections originates from adult patients.What is New:\u2022 EPICENTRE is the first international, multicenter, multidisciplinary, meta-data driven, hospital-based, online, prospective cohort registry dedicated to neonatal and pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infections.\u2022 EPICENTRE will allow to understand epidemiology and physiopathology of COVID19."}, {"pmid": 32271935, "title": "Response of a European surgical department to the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Peloso, Andrea", "Moeckli, Beat", "Oldani, Graziano", "Triponez, Frederic", "Toso, Christian"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271935", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495579, "title": "[Usage of ethnomedicine on COVID-19 in China].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, Zhi-Yong", "Tuya", "Li, Hai-Tao", "He, Jiang", "Quesheng", "Dong, Guang-Ping", "Zhang, Ming-Shuo", "Liu, Jian-Qin", "Huang, Xiu-Lan", "Wang, Xiao-Rong", "Bolat, Makabel", "Feng, Xin", "Zhang, Fang-Bo", "Jiang, Feng"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495579", "countries": ["China", "Mongolia"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, an outbreak of viral pneumonia began in Wuhan, Hubei Province, which caused the spread of infectious pneumonia to a certain extent in China and neighboring countries and regions, and triggered the epidemic crisis. The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease listed as a B infectious disease, which is managed according to standards for A infectious disease. Traditional Chinese medicine and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine have played an active role in the prevention and control of this epidemic. China's ethnomedicine has recognized infectious diseases since ancient times, and formed a medical system including theory, therapies, formula and herbal medicines for such diseases. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, Tibet Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Chuxiong Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan, Qiandongnan Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou have issued the prevention and control programs for COVID-19 using Tibetan, Mongolian, Uygur, Yi and Miao medicines. These programs reflect the wisdom of ethnomedicine in preventing and treating diseases, which have successfully extracted prescriptions and preventive measures for the outbreak of the epidemic from their own medical theories and traditional experiences. In this paper, we summarized and explained the prescriptions and medicinal materials of ethnomedicine in these programs, and the origin of Tibetan medicine prescriptions and Mongolian medicine prescriptions in ancient books were studied. These become the common characteristics of medical prevention and treatment programs for ethnomedicine to formulate therapeutic programs under the guidance of traditional medicine theories, recommend prescriptions and prevention and treatment methods with characteristics of ethnomedicine, and focus on the conve-nience and standardization. However, strengthening the support of science and technology and the popularization to the public, and improving the participation of ethnomedicine in national public health services and the capacity-building to deal with sudden and critical diseases are key contents in the development of ethnomedicine in the future."}, {"pmid": 32379745, "title": "Diabetes and COVID-19-the meeting of two pandemics: what are the concerns?", "journal": "N Z Med J", "authors": ["Coppell, Kirsten J", "Hall, Rosemary M", "Downie, Michelle", "Fraser, Sonya K", "Garrett, Michele", "Jefferies, Craig A", "Kenealy, Timothy W", "Milne, Roberta Eh", "Orr-Walker, Brandon J", "Paul, Ryan G", "Smallman, Kate", "Snell, Helen J"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379745", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436739, "title": "Contraception during Coronavirus-Covid 19 pandemia. Recommendations of the Board of the Italian Society of Contraception.", "journal": "Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care", "authors": ["Fruzzetti, F", "Cagnacci, A", "Primiero, F", "De Leo, V", "Bastianelli, C", "Bruni, V", "Caruso, S", "Di Carlo, C", "Farris, M", "Grandi, G", "Grasso, A", "Guida, M", "Meriggiola, M", "Paoletti, A M", "Cianci, A", "Nappi, C", "Volpe, A"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436739", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Purpose: The Italian Society of Contraception identified as one of its priorities the need to give recommendations on management of contraception during Coronavirus-Covid 19 pandemiaMaterials and methods: A concise communication was produced which summarises in an easy-to-read format suitable for clinicians the management of the different contraceptives mostly used. Information how to manage contraception in different conditions is presented.Results: Women may, in general, continue to use either intrauterine and or hormonal contraceptives. The use of condom should be added to any hormonal contraceptive, when the contraceptive efficacy is reduced or when women stop the contraceptive method.Conclusion: At the present time, during the Coronavirus-Covid 19 pandemia, no data contraindicate the use of intrauterine or hormonal contraceptives. Conversely the use of an appropriate contraception is advocate to prevent unintended pregnancies."}, {"pmid": 32372775, "pmcid": "PMC7194506", "title": "Italy in lockdown.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Vaughan, Adam"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372775", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the second-highest number of coronavirus cases globally, Italy is taking dramatic steps to slow the spread, reports Adam Vaughan."}, {"pmid": 32469056, "title": "Minimizing pharmacotherapy-related healthcare worker exposure to SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Am J Health Syst Pharm", "authors": ["Barlow, Brooke", "Barlow, Ashley", "Thompson Bastin, Melissa L", "Berger, Karen", "Dixit, Deepali", "Heavner, Mojdeh S"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469056", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409878, "pmcid": "PMC7221232", "title": "[COVID-19 guidelines for the prioritization of operations for malignant thoracic diseases].", "journal": "Chirurg", "authors": ["Hekmat, Khosro", "Bruns, Christiane J"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409878", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423504, "pmcid": "PMC7251287", "title": "Correlation between the migration scale index and the number of new confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 cases in China.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Chen, Huijie", "Chen, Ye", "Lian, Zhiyong", "Wen, Lihai", "Sun, Baijun", "Wang, Ping", "Li, Xinghai", "Liu, Qiong", "Yu, Xiaoyun", "Lu, Ying", "Qi, Ying", "Zhao, Shuo", "Zhang, Linlin", "Yi, Xiaodan", "Liu, Fengyu", "Pan, Guowei"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423504", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, patients of atypical pneumonia due to an unidentified microbial agent were reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Subsequently, a novel coronavirus was identified as the causative pathogen which was named SARS-CoV-2. As of 12 February 2020, more than 44 000 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been confirmed in China and continue to expand. Provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions of China have launched first-level response to major public health emergencies one after another from 23 January 2020, which means restricting movement of people among provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between the migration scale index and the number of confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and to depict the effect of restricting population movement. In this study, Excel 2010 was used to demonstrate the temporal distribution at the day level and SPSS 23.0 was used to analyse the correlation between the migration scale index and the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases. We found that since 23 January 2020, Wuhan migration scale index has dropped significantly and since 26 January 2020, Hubei province migration scale index has dropped significantly. New confirmed COVID-19 cases per day in China except for Wuhan gradually increased since 24 January 2020, and showed a downward trend from 6 February 2020. New confirmed COVID-19 cases per day in China except for Hubei province gradually increased since 24 January 2020, and maintained at a high level from 24 January 2020 to 4 February 2020, then showed a downward trend. Wuhan migration scale index from 9 January to 22 January, 10 January to 23 January and 11 January to 24 January was correlated with the number of new confirmed COVID-19 cases per day in China except for Wuhan from 22 January to 4 February. Hubei province migration scale index from 10 January to 23 January and 11 January to 24 January was correlated with the number of new confirmed COVID-19 cases per day in China except for Hubei province from 22 January to 4 February. Our findings suggested that people who left Wuhan from 9 January to 22 January, and those who left Hubei province from 10 January to 24 January, led to the outbreak in the rest of China. The 'Wuhan lockdown' and the launching of the first-level response to this major public health emergency may have had a good effect on controlling the COVID-19 epidemic. Although new COVID-19 cases continued to be confirmed in China outside Wuhan and Hubei provinces, in our opinion, these are second-generation cases."}, {"pmid": 32348544, "pmcid": "PMC7267305", "title": "Response to \"Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology INPUT to SARS-CoV-2 Therapeutics Should be Based on Robust Data\": Data-Driven Dosing Recommendations are Urgently Needed for Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 Patients: Response to Letter to the Editor.", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Garcia-Cremades, Maria", "Solans, Belen P", "Hughes, Emma", "Ernest, Jacqueline P", "Wallender, Erika", "Savic, Radojka M"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348544", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462971, "title": "COVID-19 and prisons: Providing mental health care for people in prison, minimising moral injury and psychological distress in mental health staff.", "journal": "Med Sci Law", "authors": ["Kothari, Radha", "Forrester, Andrew", "Greenberg, Neil", "Sarkissian, Natasha", "Tracy, Derek K"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462971", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340531, "pmcid": "PMC7232875", "title": "Increasing the Signal-to-Noise Ratio: COVID-19 Clinical Synopsis for Outpatient Providers.", "journal": "J Prim Care Community Health", "authors": ["Sartor, Zach", "Hess, Burritt"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340531", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which is the cause of coronavirus disease (COVID-19 formally 2019-nCoV), has received widespread attention from the medical community. Despite the rapid publication of research on the virus and the disease it causes, there is a lack of concise and relevant material to help busy medical providers navigate recognition and management of the disease in the ambulatory setting. This review article aims to bridge this gap by briefly reviewing the key points of the evaluation and treatment of patients with COVID-19 in the ambulatory clinic environment."}, {"pmid": 32273611, "pmcid": "PMC7144578", "title": "A framework for identifying regional outbreak and spread of COVID-19 from one-minute population-wide surveys.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Rossman, Hagai", "Keshet, Ayya", "Shilo, Smadar", "Gavrieli, Amir", "Bauman, Tal", "Cohen, Ori", "Shelly, Esti", "Balicer, Ran", "Geiger, Benjamin", "Dor, Yuval", "Segal, Eran"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273611", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443911, "title": "Proteasome Inhibitors as a Possible Therapy for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Longhitano, Lucia", "Tibullo, Daniele", "Giallongo, Cesarina", "Lazzarino, Giacomo", "Tartaglia, Nicola", "Galimberti, Sara", "Li Volti, Giovanni", "Palumbo, Giuseppe Alberto", "Liso, Arcangelo"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443911", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 global pandemic is caused by SARS-CoV-2, and represents an urgent medical and social issue. Unfortunately, there is still not a single proven effective drug available, and therefore, current therapeutic guidelines recommend supportive care including oxygen administration and treatment with antibiotics. Recently, patients have been also treated with off-label therapies which comprise antiretrovirals, anti-inflammatory compounds, antiparasitic agents and plasma from convalescent patients, all with controversial results. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is important for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, and plays a pivotal role in viral replication processes. In this review, we discuss several aspects of the UPS and the effects of its inhibition with particular regard to the life cycle of the coronaviruses (CoVs). In fact, proteasome inhibition by various chemical compounds, such as MG132, epoxomycin and bortezomib, may reduce the virus entry into the eucariotic cell, the synthesis of RNA, and the subsequent protein expression necessary for CoVs. Importantly, since UPS inhibitors reduce the cytokine storm associated with various inflammatory conditions, it is reasonable to assume that they might be repurposed for SARS-CoV-2, thus providing an additional tool to counteract both virus replication as well as its most deleterious consequences triggered by abnormal immunological response."}, {"pmid": 32341049, "title": "Mourning our dead in the covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["O'Mahony, Seamus"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341049", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32172228, "title": "Potential preanalytical and analytical vulnerabilities in the laboratory diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Simundic, Ana-Maria", "Plebani, Mario"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32172228", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel zoonotic coronavirus outbreak is spreading all over the world. This pandemic disease has now been defined as novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and is sustained by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the current gold standard for the etiological diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is (real time) reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) on respiratory tract specimens, the diagnostic accuracy of this technique shall be considered a foremost prerequisite. Overall, potential RT-PCR vulnerabilities include general preanalytical issues such as identification problems, inadequate procedures for collection, handling, transport and storage of the swabs, collection of inappropriate or inadequate material (for quality or volume), presence of interfering substances, manual errors, as well as specific aspects such as sample contamination and testing patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. Some analytical problems may also contribute to jeopardize the diagnostic accuracy, including testing outside the diagnostic window, active viral recombination, use of inadequately validated assays, insufficient harmonization, instrument malfunctioning, along with other specific technical issues. Some practical indications can hence be identified for minimizing the risk of diagnostic errors, encompassing the improvement of diagnostic accuracy by combining clinical evidence with results of chest computed tomography (CT) and RT-PCR, interpretation of RT-PCR results according to epidemiologic, clinical and radiological factors, recollection and testing of upper (or lower) respiratory specimens in patients with negative RT-PCR test results and high suspicion or probability of infection, dissemination of clear instructions for specimen (especially swab) collection, management and storage, together with refinement of molecular target(s) and thorough compliance with analytical procedures, including quality assurance."}, {"pmid": 32368712, "pmcid": "PMC7194321", "title": "Are Clinicians Contributing to Excess African American COVID-19 Deaths? Unbeknownst to Them, They May Be.", "journal": "Health Equity", "authors": ["Milam, Adam J", "Furr-Holden, Debra", "Edwards-Johnson, Jennifer", "Webb, Birgete", "Patton, John W", "Ezekwemba, Nnayereugo C", "Porter, Lekiesha", "Davis, TomMario", "Chukwurah, Marius", "Webb, Antonio J", "Simon, Kevin", "Franck, Geden", "Anthony, Joshua", "Onuoha, Gerald", "Brown, Italo M", "Carson, James T", "Stephens, Brent C"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368712", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "African Americans are overrepresented among reported coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and deaths. There are a multitude of factors that may explain the African American disparity in COVID-19 outcomes, including higher rates of comorbidities. While individual-level factors predictably contribute to disparate COVID-19 outcomes, systematic and structural factors have not yet been reported. It stands to reason that implicit biases may fuel the racial disparity in COVID-19 outcomes. To address this racial disparity, we must apply a health equity lens and disaggregate data explicitly for African Americans, as well as other populations at risk for biased treatment in the health-care system."}, {"pmid": 32480303, "title": "Telemedicine and the challenge of epilepsy management at the time of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Epilepsy Behav", "authors": ["Brigo, Francesco", "Bonavita, Simona", "Leocani, Letizia", "Tedeschi, Gioacchino", "Lavorgna, Luigi"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480303", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32486843, "title": "A Pandemic Forces United States to Leap Forward.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Argento, Nicholas B"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486843", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495511, "title": "Telemedicine algorithm for chronic wound care during COVID-19.", "journal": "Int Wound J", "authors": ["Hsieh, Meng-Chien Willie", "Lee, Chia-Chen", "Ou, Su-Fei", "Kuo, Yur-Ren"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495511", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291198, "pmcid": "PMC7186539", "title": "Impact of Nutrition and Diet on COVID-19 Infection and Implications for Kidney Health and Kidney Disease Management.", "journal": "J Ren Nutr", "authors": ["Kalantar-Zadeh, Kamyar", "Moore, Linda W"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291198", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329321, "title": "Personal protective equipment in eye examination after the coronavirus pandemic: everything like before?", "journal": "Minerva Chir", "authors": ["Actis, Alessandro G", "Brogliatti, Beatrice"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329321", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429172, "title": "How Large Was the Mortality Increase Directly and Indirectly Caused by the COVID-19 Epidemic? An Analysis on All-Causes Mortality Data in Italy.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Magnani, Corrado", "Azzolina, Danila", "Gallo, Elisa", "Ferrante, Daniela", "Gregori, Dario"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429172", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: Overall mortality is a relevant indicator of the population burden during an epidemic. It informs on both undiagnosed cases and on the effects of health system disruption. Methods: We aimed at evaluating the extent of the total death excess during the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy. Data from 4433 municipalities providing mortality reports until April 15th, 2020 were included for a total of 34.5 million residents from all Italian regions. Data were analyzed by region, sex and age, and compared to expected from 2015-2019. Results: In both genders, overall mortality was stable until February 2020 and abruptly increased from March 1st onwards. Within the municipalities studied, 77,339 deaths were observed in the period between March 1st to April 15th, 2020, in contrast to the 50,822.6 expected. The rate ratio was 1.11 before age 60 and 1.55 afterwards. Both sexes were affected. The excess was greater in the regions most affected by COVID-19 but always exceeded the deaths attributed to COVID-19. The extrapolation to the total Italian population suggests an excess of 45,033 deaths in the study period, while the number of COVID-19 deaths was 21,046. Conclusion: Our paper shows a large death excess during the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy; greater than the number attributed to it. Possible causes included both the undetected cases and the disruption of the Health Service organization. Timely monitoring of overall mortality based on unbiased nationwide data is an essential tool for epidemic control."}, {"pmid": 32255413, "pmcid": "PMC7233395", "title": "The Role of Chest Imaging in Patient Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multinational Consensus Statement from the Fleischner Society.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Rubin, Geoffrey D", "Ryerson, Christopher J", "Haramati, Linda B", "Sverzellati, Nicola", "Kanne, Jeffrey P", "Raoof, Suhail", "Schluger, Neil W", "Volpi, Annalisa", "Yim, Jae-Joon", "Martin, Ian B K", "Anderson, Deverick J", "Kong, Christina", "Altes, Talissa", "Bush, Andrew", "Desai, Sujal R", "Goldin, Jonathan", "Goo, Jin Mo", "Humbert, Marc", "Inoue, Yoshikazu", "Kauczor, Hans-Ulrich", "Luo, Fengming", "Mazzone, Peter J", "Prokop, Mathias", "Remy-Jardin, Martine", "Richeldi, Luca", "Schaefer-Prokop, Cornelia M", "Tomiyama, Noriyuki", "Wells, Athol U", "Leung, Ann N"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255413", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With more than 900,000 confirmed cases worldwide and nearly 50,000 deaths during the first three months of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as an unprecedented healthcare crisis. The spread of COVID-19 has been heterogeneous, resulting in some regions having sporadic transmission and relatively few hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and others having community transmission that has led to overwhelming numbers of severe cases. For these regions, healthcare delivery has been disrupted and compromised by critical resource constraints in diagnostic testing, hospital beds, ventilators, and healthcare workers who have fallen ill to the virus exacerbated by shortages of personal protective equipment. While mild cases mimic common upper respiratory viral infections, respiratory dysfunction becomes the principal source of morbidity and mortality as the disease advances. Thoracic imaging with chest radiography (CXR) and computed tomography (CT) are key tools for pulmonary disease diagnosis and management, but their role in the management of COVID-19 has not been considered within the multivariable context of the severity of respiratory disease, pre-test probability, risk factors for disease progression, and critical resource constraints. To address this deficit, a multidisciplinary panel comprised principally of radiologists and pulmonologists from 10 countries with experience managing COVID-19 patients across a spectrum of healthcare environments evaluated the utility of imaging within three scenarios representing varying risk factors, community conditions, and resource constraints. Fourteen key questions, corresponding to 11 decision points within the three scenarios and three additional clinical situations, were rated by the panel based upon the anticipated value of the information that thoracic imaging would be expected to provide. The results were aggregated, resulting in five main and three additional recommendations intended to guide medical practitioners in the use of CXR and CT in the management of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32476011, "title": "Airborne Transmission of COVID-19.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Borak, Jonathan"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476011", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295657, "pmcid": "PMC7184140", "title": "India fights hard to neutralize the spread of COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Agoramoorthy, Govindasamy"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295657", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32431550, "pmcid": "PMC7198133", "title": "Erratum: Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of 26 Cases of COVID-19 Arising from Patient-to-Patient Transmission in Liaocheng, China [Corrigendum].", "journal": "Clin Epidemiol", "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431550", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2147/CLEP.S249903.]."}, {"pmid": 32365277, "pmcid": "PMC7267585", "title": "Emerging dermatological symptoms in coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "J Cosmet Dermatol", "authors": ["Gupta, Gaurav", "Singh, Yogendra", "Chellappan, Dinesh", "Dua, Kamal"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365277", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217547, "title": "Covid-19: Don't forget the impact on US family physicians.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Kamerow, Douglas"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217547", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512050, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 RNA from droplets to faeces: a new focus for proctologists. Correspondence.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Brusciano, L", "Gambardella, C", "Gualtieri, G", "Tolone, S", "Lucido, F S", "Del Genio, G", "Terracciano, G", "Docimo, L"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512050", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513859, "title": "Performance Characteristics of Four High-Throughput Immunoassays for Detection of IgG Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Theel, Elitza S", "Harring, Julie", "Hilgart, Heather", "Granger, Dane"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513859", "countries": ["United States", "Germany"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The role of serologic testing for SARS-CoV-2, both in the clinical and public health settings, will continue to evolve as we gain increasing insight into our immune response to the virus. Here, we evaluated four high throughput serologic tests for detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, including assays from Abbott Laboratories (Abbott Park, IL), Epitope Diagnostics Inc. (San Diego, CA), Euroimmun (Lubeck, Germany), and Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics (Rochester, NY), using a panel of serially collected serum samples (N=224) from 56 patients with confirmed COVID-19, healthy donor sera from 2018 and a cross-reactivity serum panel collected in early 2020. Sensitivity of the Abbott, Epitope, Euroimmun and Ortho-Clinical IgG assays in convalescent serum samples collected more than 14 days post symptom onset or initial positive RT-PCR result was 92.9% (78/84), 88.1% (74/84), 97.6% (82/84) and 98.8% (83/84), respectively. Among unique convalescent patients, sensitivity of the Abbott, Epitope, Euroimmun and Ortho-Clinical anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG assays was 97.3% (36/37), 73% (27/37), 94.6% (35/37) and 97.3% (36/37), respectively. Overall assay specificity and positive predictive values based on a 5% prevalence rate are 99.6%/92.8%, 99.6%/90.6%, 98.0%/71.2% and 99.6%/92.5%, respectively, for the Abbott, Epitope, Euroimmun and Ortho-Clinical IgG assays. In conclusion, we show high sensitivity in convalescent sera and high specificity for the Abbott, Euroimmun and Ortho-Clinical anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG assays. With the unprecedented influx of commercially available serologic tests for detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, it remains imperative that laboratories thoroughly evaluate such assays for accuracy prior to implementation."}, {"pmid": 32024634, "title": "China coronavirus should be on \"everybody's agenda,\" says vaccine expert.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-02-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32024634", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515399, "title": "Fighting pandemics: Inspiration from Islam.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Ashraf, Hamid", "Faraz, Ahmad", "Raihan, Md", "Kalra, Sanjay"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515399", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infectious disease has killed more people than any other cause throughout history. The current pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has again revealed how vulnerable we remain. Muslims constitute the world's second-largest religious group, making up about a quarter of the world population. They have distinctive faith and culture, pertaining to their religious beliefs and practices that need special attention, in situations such as current COVID-19 pandemic. Congregational prayers are an indispensable part of Islamic culture. Performance of obligatory prayers in congregation is compulsory and mandatory for every Muslim adult male who has no excuse for not doing so. But, doing so during a pandemic can help in the spread of the COVID-19. Muslims look up to the Holy Qur'an and teachings of Prophet (PBUH) (Hadiths) for guidance under all the circumstances. In this review we will cover how Islamic teaching can guide us to manage pandemics like COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32292634, "pmcid": "PMC7128660", "title": "Holistic care for patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019: An expert consensus.", "journal": "Int J Nurs Sci", "authors": ["Wang, Hui", "Zeng, Tieying", "Wu, Xinjuan", "Sun, Hong"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292634", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To standardize the holistic care for patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The consensus was preliminarily formed by combining relevant literature findings and frontline medical working experiences, and it was eventually confirmed by five rounds of online discussions and expert consultations. This consensus included nursing assessment, nursing priorities, nursing goals, and thirteen key points of nursing procedures such as nursing of oxygen therapy and respiratory nursing. This scientific and practical consensus guideline can provide clinical guidance on the holistic nursing care of patients with severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32384019, "title": "COVID-19 on the Chest Radiograph: A Multi-Reader Evaluation of an AI System.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Murphy, Keelin", "Smits, Henk", "Knoops, Arnoud J G", "Korst, Mike B J M", "Samson, Tijs", "Scholten, Ernst T", "Schalekamp, Steven", "Schaefer-Prokop, Cornelia M", "Philipsen, Rick H H M", "Meijers, Annet", "Melendez, Jaime", "van Ginneken, Bram", "Rutten, Matthieu"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384019", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background Chest radiography (CXR) may play an important role in triage for COVID-19, particularly in low-resource settings. Purpose To evaluate the performance of an artificial intelligence (AI) system for detection of COVID-19 pneumonia on chest radiographs. Methods An AI system (CAD4COVID-Xray) was trained on 24,678 CXR images including 1,540 used only for validation while training. The test set consisted of a set of continuously acquired CXR images (n=454) obtained in patients suspected for COVID-19 pneumonia between March 4th and April 6th 2020 in a single center (223 RT-PCR positive subjects, 231 RT-PCR negative subjects). The radiographs were independently analyzed by six readers and by the AI system. Diagnostic performance was performed by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results For the test set, the mean age of the patients was 67.3 (+/-14.4) years (56% male). Using RT-PCR test results as the reference standard, the AI system correctly classified CXR images as COVID-19 pneumonia with an AUC of 0.81. The system significantly outperforms each reader (p < 0.001 using McNemar test) at their highest possible sensitivities. At their lowest sensitivities, only one reader can significantly outperform the AI system (p=0.04). Conclusions An AI system for detection of COVID-19 on chest radiographs was comparable to six independent readers."}, {"pmid": 32428392, "pmcid": "PMC7274171", "title": "Characterization and Noncovalent Inhibition of the Deubiquitinase and deISGylase Activity of SARS-CoV-2 Papain-Like Protease.", "journal": "ACS Infect Dis", "authors": ["Freitas, Brendan T", "Durie, Ian A", "Murray, Jackelyn", "Longo, Jaron E", "Miller, Holden C", "Crich, David", "Hogan, Robert Jeff", "Tripp, Ralph A", "Pegan, Scott D"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428392", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent for COVID-19, is a novel human betacoronavirus that is rapidly spreading worldwide. The outbreak currently includes over 3.7 million cases and 260,000 fatalities. As a betacoronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 encodes for a papain-like protease (PLpro) that is likely responsible for cleavage of the coronavirus (CoV) viral polypeptide. The PLpro is also responsible for suppression of host innate immune responses by virtue of its ability to reverse host ubiquitination and ISGylation events. Here, the biochemical activity of SARS-CoV-2 PLpro against ubiquitin (Ub) and interferon-stimulated gene product 15 (ISG15) substrates is evaluated, revealing that the protease has a marked reduction in its ability to process K48 linked Ub substrates compared to its counterpart in SARS-CoV. Additionally, its substrate activity more closely mirrors that of the PLpro from the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and prefers ISG15s from certain species including humans. Additionally, naphthalene based PLpro inhibitors are shown to be effective at halting SARS-CoV-2 PLpro activity as well as SARS-CoV-2 replication."}, {"pmid": 32339558, "pmcid": "PMC7194565", "title": "Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infection in a Patient Evaluated for Ureteric Colic: Radiological Findings and Impact on Management.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Pang, Karl H", "Osman, Nadir I"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339558", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305310, "pmcid": "PMC7151408", "title": "An oncologist perspective on COVID 19: A mysterious cryptic virus.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Shetty, Sameep S", "Rao, Vishal", "Kudpaje, Akshay", "Mithra, Surya", "Merchant, Yash", "Shabadi, Nikita"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305310", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356642, "title": "Can we predict the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 with a routine blood test?", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Zeng, Furong", "Li, Linfeng", "Zeng, Jiling", "Deng, Yuhao", "Huang, Huining", "Chen, Bin", "Deng, Guangtong"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356642", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201119) has posed a huge threat to global public health. However, the issue as to whether routine blood tests could be used to monitor and predict the severity and prognosis of COVID\u201119 has not been comprehensively investigated so far. This study aimed to provide an overview of the association of markers in the routine blood test with the severity of COVID\u201119. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were searched to identify studies reporting data on markers in the routine blood test and the severity of COVID\u201119, published until March 20, 2020. The STATA software was used for meta\u2011analysis. A total of 15 studies with 3090 patients with COVID\u201119 were included in this analysis. Patients in the nonsevere group, compared with those in the severe group, had lower counts of white blood cells (weighted mean difference [WMD], -0.85 [\u00d7109/l]; 95% CI, -1.54 to -0.16; P = 0.02) and neutrophils (WMD, -1.57 [\u00d7109/l]; 95% CI, -2.6 to -0.54; P = 0.003), greater counts of lymphocytes (WMD, 0.29 [\u00d7109/l]; 95% CI, 0.22-0.36; P <0.001) and platelets (WMD, 19.05 [\u00d7109/l]; 95% CI, 3.04-35.06; P = 0.02), and a lower neutrophil\u2011to\u2011lymphocyte (NLR) ratio (WMD, -2.48; 95% CI, -3.81 to -1.15; P <0.001). There was no difference in the monocyte count (WMD, 0.01 [\u00d7109/l]; 95% CI, -0.01 to 0.03; P = 0.029) between these 2 groups. Sensitivity analysis and meta\u2011analysis based on standard mean difference did not change the conclusions regarding neutrophils, lymphocytes, and NLR, but yielded inconsistent results for white blood cells and platelets. Severe patients had more neutrophils, higher NLR level, and fewer lymphocytes than non-severe patients with COVID-19. Measurement of these markers might assist clinicians to monitor and predict the severity and prognosis of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32292530, "pmcid": "PMC7118615", "title": "[Respiratory diseases, allergy and COVID-19 infection. First news from Wuhan].", "journal": "Rev Fr Allergol (2009)", "authors": ["Kanny, G"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292530", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338767, "pmcid": "PMC7267626", "title": "Essential Long-Term Care Workers Commonly Hold Second Jobs and Double- or Triple-Duty Caregiving Roles.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Van Houtven, Courtney Harold", "DePasquale, Nicole", "Coe, Norma B"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338767", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Long-term care (LTC) facilities are particularly dangerous places for the spread of COVID-19 given that they house vulnerable high-risk populations. Transmission-based precautions to protect residents, employees, and families alike must account for potential risks posed by LTC workers' second jobs and unpaid care work. This observational study describes the prevalence of their (1) second jobs, and (2) unpaid care work for dependent children and/or adult relatives (double- and triple-duty caregiving) overall and by occupational group (registered nurses [RNs], licensed practical nurses [LPNs], or certified nursing assistants [CNAs]). A descriptive secondary analysis of data collected as part of the final wave of the Work, Family and Health Study. Thirty nursing home facilities located throughout the northeastern United States. A subset of 958 essential facility-based LTC workers involved in direct patient care. We present information on LTC workers' demographic characteristics, health, features of their LTC occupation, additional paid work, wages, and double- or triple-duty caregiving roles. Most LTC workers were CNAs, followed by LPNs and RNs. Overall, more than 70% of these workers agreed or strongly agreed with this statement: \"When you are sick, you still feel obligated to come into work.\" One-sixth had a second job, where they worked an average of 20\u2009hours per week, and more than 60% held double- or triple-duty caregiving roles. Additional paid work and unpaid care work characteristics did not significantly differ by occupational group, although the prevalence of second jobs was highest and accompanying work hours were longest among CNAs. LTC workers commonly hold second jobs along with double- and triple-duty caregiving roles. To slow the spread of COVID-19, both the paid and unpaid activities of these employees warrant consideration in the identification of appropriate clinical, policy, and informal supports."}, {"pmid": 32360034, "title": "Recommendations of the Working Groups from the Spanish Society of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC) for the management of adult critically ill patients in the coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Ballesteros Sanz, M A", "Hernandez-Tejedor, A", "Estella, A", "Jimenez Rivera, J J", "Gonzalez de Molina Ortiz, F J", "Sandiumenge Camps, A", "Vidal Cortes, P", "de Haro, C", "Aguilar Alonso, E", "Bordeje Laguna, L", "Garcia Saez, I", "Bodi, M", "Garcia Sanchez, M", "Parraga Ramirez, M J", "Alcaraz Penarrocha, R M", "Amezaga Menendez, R", "Burgueno Laguia, P"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360034", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020, the Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) as a pandemic. The spread and evolution of the pandemic is overwhelming the healthcare systems of dozens of countries and has led to a myriad of opinion papers, contingency plans, case series and emerging trials. Covering all this literature is complex. Briefly and synthetically, in line with the previous recommendations of the Working Groups, the Spanish Society of Intensive, Critical Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC) has prepared this series of basic recommendations for patient care in the context of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32233671, "title": "Have a heart during the COVID-19 crisis: Making the case for cardiac rehabilitation in the face of an ongoing pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Yeo, Tee Joo", "Wang, Yi-Ting Laureen", "Low, Ting Ting"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233671", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525392, "title": "Mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Shigemura, Jun", "Kurosawa, Mie"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525392", "countries": ["Japan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of May 20, 2020, the COVID-19 death toll in Japan was 771. The 2020 Tokyo Olympics/Paralympics had to be postponed to 2021 because of the pandemic. Not only the infected patients but also health care workers have been affected from adverse societal dynamics because of COVID-19, such as discrimination and stigmatization. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32432997, "pmcid": "PMC7258753", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Epidemic on Stroke Care and Potential Solutions.", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Zhao, Jing", "Li, Hang", "Kung, David", "Fisher, Marc", "Shen, Ying", "Liu, Renyu"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432997", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background and Purpose- When the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak became paramount, medical care for other devastating diseases was negatively impacted. In this study, we investigated the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on stroke care across China. Methods- Data from the Big Data Observatory Platform for Stroke of China consisting of 280 hospitals across China demonstrated a significant drop in the number of cases of thrombolysis and thrombectomy. We designed a survey to investigate the major changes during the COVID-19 outbreak and potential causes of these changes. The survey was distributed to the leaders of stroke centers in these 280 hospitals. Results- From the data of Big Data Observatory Platform for Stroke of China, the total number of thrombolysis and thrombectomy cases dropped 26.7% (P<0.0001) and 25.3% (P<0.0001), respectively, in February 2020 as compared with February 2019. We retrieved 227 valid complete datasets from the 280 stroke centers. Nearly 50% of these hospitals were designated hospitals for COVID-19. The capacity for stroke care was reduced in the majority of the hospitals. Most of the stroke centers stopped or reduced their efforts in stroke education for the public. Hospital admissions related to stroke dropped \u224840%; thrombolysis and thrombectomy cases dropped \u224825%, which is similar to the results from the Big Data Observatory Platform for Stroke of China as compared with the same period in 2019. Many factors contributed to the reduced admissions and prehospital delays; lack of stroke knowledge and proper transportation were significant limiting factors. Patients not coming to the hospital for fear of virus infection was also a likely key factor. Conclusions- The COVID-19 outbreak impacted stroke care significantly in China, including prehospital and in-hospital care, resulting in a significant drop in admissions, thrombolysis, and thrombectomy. Although many factors contributed, patients not coming to the hospital was probably the major limiting factor. Recommendations based on the data are provided."}, {"pmid": 32362292, "pmcid": "PMC7237388", "title": "A glance at the prevalence of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) in Iran: Strengths and weaknesses.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Mohammadzadeh, Nima", "Shahriary, Mahla", "Shirmohammadlou, Neda", "Lohrasbi, Vahid"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362292", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513625, "title": "COVID-19 quarantine and acute pulmonary embolism.", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Vannini, Luca", "Llanos Gomez, Juan Manuel", "Quijada-Fumero, Alejandro", "Fernandez Perez, Ana Belen", "Hernandez Afonso, Julio S"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513625", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515401, "title": "COVID-19: Quarantine and human rights.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Sultan, Tehreem"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515401", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32098302, "pmcid": "PMC7168632", "title": "Emergence of Novel Coronavirus 2019-nCoV: Need for Rapid Vaccine and Biologics Development.", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Shanmugaraj, Balamurugan", "Malla, Ashwini", "Phoolcharoen, Waranyoo"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32098302", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is an emerging pathogen that was first identified in Wuhan, China in late December 2019. This virus is responsible for the ongoing outbreak that causes severe respiratory illness and pneumonia-like infection in humans. Due to the increasing number of cases in China and outside China, the WHO declared coronavirus as a global health emergency. Nearly 35,000 cases were reported and at least 24 other countries or territories have reported coronavirus cases as early on as February. Inter-human transmission was reported in a few countries, including the United States. Neither an effective anti-viral nor a vaccine is currently available to treat this infection. As the virus is a newly emerging pathogen, many questions remain unanswered regarding the virus's reservoirs, pathogenesis, transmissibility, and much more is unknown. The collaborative efforts of researchers are needed to fill the knowledge gaps about this new virus, to develop the proper diagnostic tools, and effective treatment to combat this infection. Recent advancements in plant biotechnology proved that plants have the ability to produce vaccines or biopharmaceuticals rapidly in a short time. In this review, the outbreak of 2019-nCoV in China, the need for rapid vaccine development, and the potential of a plant system for biopharmaceutical development are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32422084, "pmcid": "PMC7236893", "title": "The New Normal: Key Considerations for Effective Serious Illness Communication Over Video or Telephone During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Flint, Lynn", "Kotwal, Ashwin"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422084", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32013795, "pmcid": "PMC7233364", "title": "2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Pneumonia.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Liu, Peng", "Tan, Xian-Zheng"], "date": "2020-02-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32013795", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449999, "title": "Impact of coronavirus pandemic in appointments and anxiety/concerns of patients regarding orthodontic treatment.", "journal": "Orthod Craniofac Res", "authors": ["Cotrin, P P", "Peloso, R M", "Oliveira, R C", "Oliveira, R C G", "Pini, N I P", "Valarelli, F P", "Freitas, K M S"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449999", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the impact of the coronavirus pandemic and the quarantine in orthodontic appointments, and patients' anxiety and concerns about their ongoing orthodontic treatment. Settings and sample population Patients from private dental clinics of two orthodontists that were undergoing active orthodontic treatment. An online anonymous questionnaire regarding their anxiety about the coronavirus situation, availability/acceptance to attend an appointment, among others, was answered by orthodontic patients. Descriptive statistics with percentages was performed and responses were compared between sexes, cities, and association of the feelings/level of anxiety of patients and willingness to attend an appointment, were performed with chi-square, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. The questionnaire was answered by 354 patients (231 female; 123 male) with mean age of 35.49 years. Most patients are respecting the quarantine, 44.7% related to be calm and 46.3% afraid or anxious. The level of anxiety was greater for females than males. There was significant association of the level of anxiety and the willingness to attend an appointment. The greatest concern of patients was delay in the end of treatment. The quarantine and coronavirus pandemic showed to have impact on orthodontic appointments and patients' anxiety. Patients willing to attend an orthodontic appointment presented significantly lower level of anxiety than patients that would not go or would go only in urgency/emergency. Females were more anxious than males about coronavirus pandemic, quarantine and impact on their orthodontic treatments. Delay in treatment was the greatest concern of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment."}, {"pmid": 32407800, "pmcid": "PMC7212944", "title": "Recognizing Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Coronavirus Disease-2019-Related Respiratory Illness.", "journal": "J Card Fail", "authors": ["Milligan, Gregory P", "Alam, Amit", "Guerrero-Miranda, Cesar"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407800", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519064, "title": "Caution about early intubation and mechanical ventilation in COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Intensive Care", "authors": ["Tobin, Martin J", "Laghi, Franco", "Jubran, Amal"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519064", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496811, "title": "Prevalence of COVID-19 in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Implications for Bystander CPR.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Sayre, Michael R", "Barnard, Leslie M", "Counts, Catherine R", "Drucker, Christopher J", "Kudenchuk, Peter J", "Rea, Thomas D", "Eisenberg, Mickey S"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496811", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32113510, "pmcid": "PMC7128218", "title": "Convalescent plasma as a potential therapy for COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chen, Long", "Xiong, Jing", "Bao, Lei", "Shi, Yuan"], "date": "2020-03-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32113510", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32480121, "pmcid": "PMC7255345", "title": "Loneliness: A signature mental health concern in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Killgore, William D S", "Cloonan, Sara A", "Taylor, Emily C", "Dailey, Natalie S"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480121", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, most communities in the United States imposed stay-at-home orders to mitigate the spread of the novel coronavirus, potentially leading to chronic social isolation. During the third week of shelter-in-place guidelines, 1,013 U.S. adults completed the UCLA Loneliness Scale-3 and Public Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Loneliness was elevated, with 43% of respondents scoring above published cutoffs, and was strongly associated with greater depression and suicidal ideation. Loneliness is a critical public health concern that must be considered during the social isolation efforts to combat the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32428074, "title": "Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine repositioning in times of COVID-19 pandemics, all that glitters is not gold.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Paumgartten, Francisco Jose Roma", "Delgado, Isabella Fernandes", "Pitta, Luciana da Rocha", "Oliveira, Ana Cecilia Amado Xavier de"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428074", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32151320, "pmcid": "PMC7128679", "title": "Managing neonates with respiratory failure due to SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["De Luca, Daniele"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32151320", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474850, "pmcid": "PMC7260461", "title": "Clinical features of 1487 COVID-19 patients with outpatient management in the Greater Paris: the COVID-call study.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Lapostolle, Frederic", "Schneider, Elodie", "Vianu, Isabelle", "Dollet, Guillaume", "Roche, Bastien", "Berdah, Julia", "Michel, Julie", "Goix, Laurent", "Chanzy, Erick", "Petrovic, Tomislav", "Adnet, Frederic"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474850", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clinical features of COVID-19 have been mostly described in hospitalized patients with and without ICU admission. Yet, up to 80% of patients are managed in an outpatient setting. This population is poorly documented. In France, health authorities recommend outpatient management of patients presenting mild-to-moderate COVID-19 symptoms. The aim of this study was to describe their clinical characteristics. The study took place in an emergency medical dispatching center located in the Greater Paris region. Patients included in this survey met confirmed COVID-19 infection criteria according to the WHO definition. We investigated clinical features and classified symptoms as general, digestive, ear-nose-throat, thoracic symptoms, and eye disease. Patients were included between March 24 and April 6 2020. 1487 patients included: 700 (47%) males and 752 (51%) females, with a median age of 44 (32-57) years. In addition to dry cough and fever reported in more than 90% of cases, the most common symptoms were general symptoms: body aches/myalgia (N\u2009=\u2009845; 57%), headache (N\u2009=\u2009824; 55%), and asthenia (N\u2009=\u2009886; 60%); shortness of breath (N\u2009=\u2009479; 32%) and ear-nose-throat symptoms such as anosmia (N\u2009=\u2009415; 28%) and ageusia (N\u2009=\u2009422; 28%). Chest pain was reported in 320 (21%) cases and hemoptysis in 41 (3%) cases. The main difference between male and female patients was an increased prevalence of ear-nose-throat symptoms as well as diarrhea, chest pains, and headaches in female patients. General symptoms and ear-nose-throat symptoms were predominant in COVID-19 patients presenting mild-to-moderate symptoms. Shortness of breath and chest pain were remarkably frequent."}, {"pmid": 32275858, "pmcid": "PMC7141480", "title": "COVID-19, school closures, and child poverty: a social crisis in the making.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Van Lancker, Wim", "Parolin, Zachary"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275858", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470486, "pmcid": "PMC7250105", "title": "Ruxolitinib in treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Cao, Yang", "Wei, Jia", "Zou, Liang", "Jiang, Tiebin", "Wang, Gaoxiang", "Chen, Liting", "Huang, Liang", "Meng, Fankai", "Huang, Lifang", "Wang, Na", "Zhou, Xiaoxi", "Luo, Hui", "Mao, Zekai", "Chen, Xing", "Xie, Jungang", "Liu, Jing", "Cheng, Hui", "Zhao, Jianping", "Huang, Gang", "Wang, Wei", "Zhou, Jianfeng"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470486", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Accumulating evidence proposed JAK inhibitors as therapeutic targets warranting rapid investigation. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of ruxolitinib, a Janus-associated kinase (JAK1/2) inhibitor, for COVID-19. We conducted a prospective, multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled phase II trial involving patients with severe COVID-19. Forty-three patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive ruxolitinib plus SoC treatment (22 patients) or placebo based on SoC treatment (21 patients). After exclusion of 2 patients (1 ineligible, 1 consent withdrawn) from the ruxolitinib group, 20 patients in intervention group and 21 patients in control group were included in the study. Treatment with ruxolitinib plus SoC was not associated with significantly accelerated clinical improvement in severe patients with COVID-19, although ruxolitinib recipients had a numerically faster clinical improvement. Eighteen (90%) patients from the ruxolitinib group showed CT improvement at D14 compared with 13 (61.9%) patients from the control group (P = 0.0495). Three patients in the control group died of respiratory failure, with 14.3% overall mortality at D28; no patients died in the ruxolitinib group. Ruxolitinib was well tolerated with low toxicities and no new safety signals. Levels of 7 cytokines were significantly decreased in the ruxolitinib group in comparison to the control group. Although no statistical difference was observed, ruxolitinib recipients had a numerically faster clinical improvement. Significant chest CT improvement, a faster recovery from lymphopenia and favorable side-effect profile in ruxolitinib group were encouraging and informative to future trials to test efficacy of ruxolitinib in a larger population. This trial is registered at www.chictr.org.cn as ChiCTR-OPN-2000029580."}, {"pmid": 32209661, "title": "The Rheumatologist's Role in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Cron, Randy Q", "Chatham, W Winn"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209661", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415004, "title": "COVID-19: And this shall also pass.", "journal": "Neurol India", "authors": ["Hegde, Thimappa"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415004", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376003, "pmcid": "PMC7187820", "title": "Re: Covid-19 and ortho and trauma surgery: The Italian experience.", "journal": "Injury", "authors": ["Yadav, Sandeep Kumar", "Khatana, Shruti", "Kumar, Awkash"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376003", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495400, "title": "Exanthema and eosinophilia in Covid-19 patients: has viral infection a role in drug induced exanthemas?", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Rosell-Diaz, A M", "Mateos-Mayo, A", "Nieto-Benito, L M", "Balaguer-Franch, I", "Hernandez de, E", "la Torre-Ruiz", "Lainez-Nuez, A", "Suarez-Fernandez, R", "Bergon-Sendin, M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495400", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the present time, the whole world is faced with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Cutaneous manifestations in these patients are being increasingly reported, including rash, acrocyanosis or urticaria(1). Exanthemas in covid-19 patients are becoming frequent in our daily practice and they pose a challenge regarding their pathogenesis. We present a retrospective case series of twelve adult patients (6 male/6 female) with a mean age of 66,3 years (47-79). All patients had pneumonia and nasopharyngeal swab PCR positive for SARS CoV-2 and had received treatment for Covid-19 per protocol established. Table 1 shows the characteristics of these patients."}, {"pmid": 32365851, "pmcid": "PMC7246912", "title": "Combating the COVID-19 Epidemic: Experiences from Vietnam.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Ha, Bui Thi Thu", "Ngoc Quang, La", "Mirzoev, Tolib", "Tai, Nguyen Trong", "Thai, Pham Quang", "Dinh, Phung Cong"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365851", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is spreading fast globally. Vietnam's strict containment measures have significantly reduced the spread of the epidemic in the country. This was achieved through the use of emergency control measures in the epidemic areas and integration of resources from multiple sectors including health, mass media, transportation, education, public affairs, and defense. This paper reviews and shares specific measures for successful prevention and control of COVID-19 in Vietnam, which could provide useful learning for other countries."}, {"pmid": 32525290, "title": "Remodulation of neurosurgical activities in an Italian region (Emilia-Romagna) under COVID- 19 emergency: maintaining the standard of care during the crisis.", "journal": "J Neurosurg Sci", "authors": ["Mazzatenta, Diego", "Zoli, Matteo", "Cavallo, Michele A", "Ferro, Salvatore", "Giombelli, Ermanno", "Pavesi, Giacomo", "Sturiale, Carmelo", "Tosatto, Luigino", "Zucchelli, Mino"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525290", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The impact of COVID-19 outbreak in the neurosurgical practice has been dramatic, imposing several limitations. The aim of this study is to present how the neurosurgical departments of Emilia-Romagna, a northern Italian region, have re-set their organization to maintain the higher standard of care as possible. All OR and out-patients activities performed during the COVID-19 emergency in the neurosurgical department of Emilia-Romagna have been collected and compared to the means of the same timeframe in 2018 and 2019. In 2020, 205 surgical procedures and 466 out-patients consultations have been performed, representing respectively 28.8% and 26.4% of the previous biennium. The most of OR procedures had been emergencies/urgencies and oncological patients (respectively 113 and 66 vs 164.5 and 84.5 of the previous biennium), while elective surgeries decrease up to -97.1%, as for spinal nerves and endoscopic skull base procedures. The patients phone contacts and telemedicine evaluations of their examinations have permitted to reduce the hospital access for outpatients of 75.6%, but these modalities have, also, permitted to follow-up a large number of cases. The outbreak of COVID-19 has imposed several limits to our current practice, however this should not represent an excuse to reduce the standard of care. In our experience, the net integration of different local centers has permitted for each of them to effectively cope the crisis, managing the local cases requiring a prompt surgery and keeping the care continuity with already discharged patients."}, {"pmid": 32413281, "pmcid": "PMC7252153", "title": "Avoiding indirect effects of COVID-19 on maternal and child health.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Menendez, Clara", "Gonzalez, Raquel", "Donnay, France", "Leke, Rose G F"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413281", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489024, "title": "[Discovery of intervention effect of Chinese herbal formulas on COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis treated by VEGFR and FGFR inhibitors].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Bian, Ya-Qian", "Ma, Jing", "Ren, Yue", "Zhang, Yan-Ling", "Qiao, Yan-Jiang"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489024", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since February 2020, a large number of patients infected with new coronavirus has been cured and discharged with the controlling of epidemic. Pulmonary fibrosis, which may be one of the sequela caused by COVID-19, not only brings dyspnea and deterioration of lung function, but also affects patients' life because of its high mortality and poor prognosis. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR) and fibroblast growth factor receptor(FGFR) can inhibit the proliferation, activation and migration of fibroblasts by regulating the signal transduction pathway involved in the process of pulmonary fibrosis. Chinese herbal formulas pose a good therapeutic effect on pulmonary fibrosis. Present study explores the intervention effect on pulmonary fibrosis of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) by screening the potential inhibitors of VEGFR and FGFR. The docking models of VEGFR and FGFR were established to obtain the potential active ingredients which were filtered by the docking score. According to 2 prescriptions in the Protocol for the diagnosis and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019(7th edition)and 9 prescriptions in Traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for treating blight, 959 and 1 047 potential ingredients were obtained as the inhibitors of VEGFR and FGFR respectively with the screening thres-hold set as eighty percent of the docking score of the initial ligands. The potential herbs were then filtered by the components with a hit rate higher than 30%, such as Scutellariae Radix, Adenophorae Radix, Pinelliae Rhizoma, Coicis Semen, etc. To discuss the rule of TCM in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, the networks of TCM-channel tropism and TCM-efficacy of the potential herbs was constructed. The potential herbs for treating pulmonary fibrosis mostly belong to lung(degree=14) and spleen(degree value=8), and the efficacy is focused on reinforcing deficiency(degree=9). Qiyin Prescription and Buzhong Yiqi Decoction contain the largest number of the potential herbs. The main symptom of COVID-19 is damp-heat stagnating in the lung, which always causes impairment of body fluid and Qi. Clinical observation shows that patients in the recovery period are mostly at the status that the remaining virus toxicity is not exhausted while the vital Qi have not recovered. The results of this study are expected to provide references for clinical medication in preventing and treating pulmonary fibrosis caused by COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32456072, "title": "Italian Public Health Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Case Report from the Field, Insights and Challenges for the Department of Prevention.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Torri, Emanuele", "Sbrogio, Luca Gino", "Rosa, Enrico Di", "Cinquetti, Sandro", "Francia, Fausto", "Ferro, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456072", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ": The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak is rapidly progressing globally, and Italy, as one of the main pandemic hotspots, may provide some hard lessons for other countries. In this paper, we summarize the current organizational capacity and provide a pragmatic and narrative account of strategies and activities implemented by the Department of Prevention (Dipartimento di Prevenzione)-the regional entity of the Local Health Authority of the Italian National Health Service in charge of public health-since the beginning of the outbreak. We conduct a preliminary analysis of general strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of the response strategies from a local perspective. Furthermore, we provide firsthand insights on future directions and priorities to manage this unprecedented pandemic. Our case report gives a qualitative view of the healthcare response, based on the experience of frontline professionals, with the aim to generate hypotheses about factors which may promote or hinder the prevention and management of a pandemic locally. We highlight the importance of a public health approach for responding to COVID-19 and reshaping healthcare systems."}, {"pmid": 32147577, "pmcid": "PMC7128879", "title": "Treatment and Outcome of a Patient With Lung Cancer Infected With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Zhang, Hongyan", "Xie, Conghua", "Huang, Yihua"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32147577", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472464, "pmcid": "PMC7258608", "title": "A manual reduction of hernia under analgesia/sedation (Taxis) in the acute inguinal hernia: a useful technique in COVID-19 times to reduce the need for emergency surgery-a literature review.", "journal": "Hernia", "authors": ["East, B", "Pawlak, M", "de Beaux, A C"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472464", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute IH is a common surgical presentation. Despite new guidelines being published recently, a number of important questions remained unanswered including the role of taxis, as initial non-operative management. This is particularly relevant now due to the possibility of a lack of immediate surgical care as a result of COVID-19. The aim of this review is to assess the role of taxis in the management of emergency inguinal hernias. A review of the literature was undertaken. Available literature published until March 2019 was obtained and reviewed. 32,021 papers were identified, only 9 were of sufficient value to be used. There was a large discrepancy in the terminology of incarcerated/strangulated used. Taxis can be safely attempted early after the onset of symptoms and is effective in about 70% of patients. The possibility of reduction en-mass should be kept in mind. Definitive surgery to repair the hernia can be delayed by weeks until such time as surgery can be safely arranged. The use of taxis in emergency inguinal hernia is a useful first line of treatment in areas or situations where surgical care is not immediately available, including the COVID-19 pandemic. Emergency surgery remains the mainstay of management in the strangulated hernia setting."}, {"pmid": 32187489, "title": "Audio Interview: New Research on Possible Treatments for Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubin, Eric J", "Baden, Lindsey R", "Morrissey, Stephen"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32187489", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32310898, "title": "Infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.", "journal": "AIDS", "authors": ["Su, Junwei", "Shen, Xiaomin", "Ni, Qin", "Zhao, Hong", "Cai, Jieru", "Zhu, Biao", "Wu, Wenrui", "Lang, Guanjing", "Xu, Kaijin", "Sheng, Jifang"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310898", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32020374, "pmcid": "PMC7088294", "title": "The Role of Augmented Intelligence (AI) in Detecting and Preventing the Spread of Novel Coronavirus.", "journal": "J Med Syst", "authors": ["Long, Justin B", "Ehrenfeld, Jesse M"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32020374", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329632, "title": "Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "DNA Cell Biol", "authors": ["Reiss, Carol Shoshkes"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329632", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367391, "pmcid": "PMC7197919", "title": "Virtual House Calls: Telemedicine and Reforming the Health Care Delivery Model with Strategies Implemented in a Novel Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Kojima, Noah", "Klausner, Jeffrey D"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367391", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305323, "pmcid": "PMC7158770", "title": "Hajj in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Dis Health", "authors": ["Atique, Suleman", "Itumalla, Ramaiah"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305323", "countries": ["Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of the novel COVID-19 is posing a severe public health risk across the globe. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is one of the greatest destinations of religious congregations of Muslims. One of the largest religious gatherings is the Hajj that is anticipated to produce serious challenges of mass level exposures and spread to every corner of the world. Therefore, it is highly recommended that the Ministry of Hajj and Umrah (KSA), must regularly analyze the prevailing situation of COVID-19, and involve the religious scholars to make appropriate decisions about Hajj 2020. Although the Saudi government has been continuously taking all possible measures to contain the pandemic, people's cooperation is crucial in the fight against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32428957, "title": "[Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) - Outbreak in North Rhine-Westphalia (District of Heinsberg) - First diagnosis of a COVID-19 manifestation in a couple].", "journal": "Dtsch Med Wochenschr", "authors": ["Laufs, Jendrik", "Elsbernd, Harry", "Holzl, Friedrich", "Winter, Klaus-Dieter"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428957", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Up to February 24th 2020 occasionally occuring SARS-CoV-2 infections in Germany without severe course. Emergency presentation of a couple in the emergency room. For seven days now, the man has fever, dry cough und physical weakness and the wife has similar symptoms of a milder form. The clinical examination shows fine crackles over both lungs and a respiratory failure of the husband. Laboratory increase in inflammation parameters as well as transaminases and lactate dehydrogenase. Radiologically lung infiltrates of different severity. Further on diagnosis of a SARS-CoV-2-infection of both patients with a severe course of the male. Intubation and mechanical ventilation of the male patient with prolonged intenive care treatment. Recovery of the female patient under conventional oxygen therapy. These two cases show the starting point of an endemic spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the district of Heinsberg (North Rhine-Westphalia) and up to this point the first case of a life-threatenning course in Germany."}, {"pmid": 32501798, "title": "Aquagenic Syringeal Acrokeratoderma from Extensive Water Immersion during the COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak.", "journal": "Skinmed", "authors": ["Kazandjieva, Jana", "Tsankov, Nikolai", "Darlenski, Razvigor"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501798", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317558, "pmcid": "PMC7273849", "title": "The suspected SARS-Cov-2 infection in a Charcot-Marie-Tooth patient undergoing postsurgical rehabilitation: the value of telerehabilitation for evaluation and continuing treatment.", "journal": "Int J Rehabil Res", "authors": ["Prada, Valeria", "Bellone, Emilia", "Schenone, Angelo", "Grandis, Marina"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317558", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report, to the best of our knowledge, the first case of a probable COVID-19 infection in a 28-year-old man with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. The diagnosis was established through a remote interaction with the patient after early discharge from outpatient therapy due to upcoming traveling restrictions. The COVID-19 disease appeared mild, without major respiratory problems, and no obvious neuromuscular deterioration was reported or observed. Telerehabilitation provided an opportunity to continue with hand rehabilitation after tendon transfer surgery, perform an ad-hoc online evaluation, and advise the patient how to prevent the spread of infection and cope with restrictions limiting outpatient visits. This experience seems valuable for further development of telerehabilitation in anticipation of future pandemics or adversarial events since it allows reaching out to patients unable to travel and overcomes the need for regular outpatient visits."}, {"pmid": 32425649, "pmcid": "PMC7233257", "title": "Clinical characteristics and co-infections of 354 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Lv, Zhihua", "Cheng, Shaohua", "Le, Juan", "Huang, Jingtao", "Feng, Lina", "Zhang, Binghong", "Li, Yan"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425649", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From December 2019, a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, caused an outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan city and rapidly spread throughout China and globally. However, the clinical characteristics and co-infection with other respiratory pathogens of patients with COVID-19 and the factors associated with severity of COVID-19 are still limited. In this retrospective cohort study, we included 354 inpatients with COVID-19 admitted to Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from February 4, 2020 to February 28, 2020. We found levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-10, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, white blood cell count and neutrophil count were clearly elevated in males and critical cases compared with females and severe and mild cases, respectively. However, lymphopenia was more severe in males than females and levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha were reduced significantly in critical cases than severe and mild cases. 23.5% of severe cases and 24.4% of critical cases were co-infected with other respiratory pathogens. Additionally, stepwise multivariable regression analysis suggested that co-infection, lymphocyte count and levels of D-dimer were associated with severity of COVID-19.These findings provide crucial clues for further identification of the mechanisms, characteristics and treatments of patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32431992, "pmcid": "PMC7233513", "title": "Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation as Treatment of Severe COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Douedi, Steven", "Alshami, Abbas", "Costanzo, Eric"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431992", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe respiratory infection leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) accounting for thousands of cases and deaths across the world. Several alternatives in treatment options have been assessed and used in this patient population. However, when mechanical ventilation and prone positioning are unsuccessful, venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) may be used.\u00a0 We present a case of a 41-year-old female, with no significant medical history and no recent history of exposure to sick contacts, presented to the emergency department (ED) with fever, severe shortness of breath, and flu-like symptoms with a positive COVID-19 test. Ultimately, she worsened on mechanical ventilation and prone positioning and required VV-ECMO. The use of VV-ECMO in COVID-19 infected patients is still controversial. While some studies have shown a high mortality rate despite aggressive treatment, such as in our case, the lack of large sample size studies and treatment alternatives places healthcare providers against a wall without options in patients with severe refractory ARDS due to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32409714, "pmcid": "PMC7224291", "title": "Publisher Correction: A human monoclonal antibody blocking SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Nat Commun", "authors": ["Wang, Chunyan", "Li, Wentao", "Drabek, Dubravka", "Okba, Nisreen M A", "van Haperen, Rien", "Osterhaus, Albert D M E", "van Kuppeveld, Frank J M", "Haagmans, Bart L", "Grosveld, Frank", "Bosch, Berend-Jan"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409714", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper."}, {"pmid": 32233418, "pmcid": "PMC7123858", "title": "Fighting the Coronavirus Outbreak.", "journal": "ACS Chem Biol", "authors": ["Kiessling, Laura", "Chen, Peng", "Wang, Jie", "Li, Jie P"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233418", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449663, "title": "Salvation in a Time of Plague.", "journal": "AMA J Ethics", "authors": ["Sweeney, Ginia"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449663", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health workers offer their skills and care to COVID-19 pandemic patients, just as St Roch offered healing to those stricken by bubonic plague during the Renaissance. This article interprets 3 works of art in light of Roch's story of illness and recovery and applies key insights of ethical, artistic, and clinical relevance to the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32423250, "title": "Effect of coronavirus infection on the human heart: A scoping review.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Ho, Jamie Sy", "Tambyah, Paul A", "Ho, Andrew Fw", "Chan, Mark Yy", "Sia, Ching-Hui"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423250", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has highlighted the importance of understanding the cardiovascular implications of coronavirus infections, with more severe disease in those with cardiovascular co-morbidities, and resulting cardiac manifestations such as myocardial injury, arrhythmias, and heart failure. A systematic review of the current knowledge on the effects of coronavirus infection on the cardiovascular system in humans was performed and results were summarized. Databases such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Scopus, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, Chinese Knowledge Resource Integrated Database and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry were searched on 20 March 2020. In total, 135 studies were included, involving severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome, coronavirus disease 2019 and other coronaviruses. Most were case reports, case series and cohort studies of poor to fair quality. In post-mortem examinations of subjects who died from infection, around half had virus identified in heart tissues in severe acute respiratory syndrome, but none in Middle East respiratory syndrome and coronavirus disease 2019. Cardiac manifestations reported include tachycardia, bradycardia, arrhythmias, and myocardial injury, secondary to both systemic infection and treatment. Cardiac injury and arrhythmias are more prevalent in coronavirus disease 2019, and elevated cardiac markers are associated with intensive care unit admission and death. In severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and coronavirus disease 2019, comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and heart disease are associated with intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, and mortality. There were cases of misdiagnosis due to overlapping presentations of cardiovascular diseases and coronavirus infections, leading to hospital spread and delayed management of life-threatening conditions. This review highlighted the ways in which coronaviruses affect cardiovascular function and interacts with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases."}, {"pmid": 32172550, "pmcid": "PMC7113162", "title": "Recommendations for anesthesia in patients suspected of COVID-19 Coronavirus infection.", "journal": "Korean J Anesthesiol", "authors": ["Kim, Hyun Joo", "Ko, Justin Sangwook", "Kim, Tae-Yop"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32172550", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304639, "pmcid": "PMC7159857", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on people with cystic fibrosis.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Colombo, Carla", "Burgel, Pierre-Regis", "Gartner, Silvia", "van Koningsbruggen-Rietschel, Silke", "Naehrlich, Lutz", "Sermet-Gaudelus, Isabelle", "Southern, Kevin W"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304639", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338758, "pmcid": "PMC7197536", "title": "Clinically suspected myocarditis in the course of coronavirus infection.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Ozieranski, Krzysztof", "Tyminska, Agata", "Caforio, Alida L P"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338758", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396456, "title": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection and Ischemic Stroke.", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Valderrama, Eduard Valdes", "Humbert, Kelley", "Lord, Aaron", "Frontera, Jennifer", "Yaghi, Shadi"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396456", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488905, "title": "Beyond COVID-19: How the 'dismal science' can prepare us for the future.", "journal": "Health Econ", "authors": ["Chilton, Susan", "Nielsen, Jytte Seested", "Wildman, John"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488905", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298017, "pmcid": "PMC7262249", "title": "Management of the difficult airway in the COVID-19 pandemic: Illustrative complex head and neck cancer scenario.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Rassekh, Christopher H", "Jenks, Carolyn M", "Ochroch, E Andrew", "Douglas, Jennifer E", "O'Malley, Bert W Jr", "Weinstein, Gregory S"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298017", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This case highlights challenges in the assessment and management of the \"difficult airway\" patient in the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic era. A 60-year-old male with history of recent transoral robotic surgery resection, free flap reconstruction, and tracheostomy for p16+ squamous cell carcinoma presented with stridor and dyspnea 1 month after decannulation. Careful planning by a multidisciplinary team allowed for appropriate staffing and personal protective equipment, preparations for emergency airway management, evaluation via nasopharyngolaryngoscopy, and COVID testing. The patient was found to be COVID negative and underwent imaging which revealed new pulmonary nodules and a tracheal lesion. The patient was safely transorally intubated in the operating room. The tracheal lesion was removed endoscopically and tracheostomy was avoided. This case highlights the importance of careful and collaborative decision making for the management of head and neck cancer and other \"difficult airway\" patients during the COVID-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32197957, "pmcid": "PMC7156804", "title": "What Should Gastroenterologists and Patients Know About COVID-19?", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Ungaro, Ryan C", "Sullivan, Timothy", "Colombel, Jean-Frederic", "Patel, Gopi"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32197957", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432998, "pmcid": "PMC7258759", "title": "Delays in Stroke Onset to Hospital Arrival Time During COVID-19.", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Teo, Kay-Cheong", "Leung, William C Y", "Wong, Yuen-Kwun", "Liu, Roxanna K C", "Chan, Anna H Y", "Choi, Olivia M Y", "Kwok, Wing-Man", "Leung, Kung-Ki", "Tse, Man-Yu", "Cheung, Raymond T F", "Tsang, Anderson Chun-On", "Lau, Kui Kai"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432998", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic represents a global public health crisis, disrupting emergency healthcare services. We determined whether COVID-19 has resulted in delays in stroke presentation and affected the delivery of acute stroke services in a comprehensive stroke center in Hong Kong. We retrospectively reviewed all patients with transient ischemic attack and stroke admitted via the acute stroke pathway of Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, during the first 60 days since the first diagnosed COVID-19 case in Hong Kong (COVID-19: January 23, 2020-March 24, 2020). We compared the stroke onset to hospital arrival (onset-to-door) time and timings of inpatient stroke pathways with patients admitted during the same period in 2019 (pre-COVID-19: January 23, 2019-March 24, 2019). Seventy-three patients in COVID-19 were compared with 89 patients in pre-COVID-19. There were no significant differences in age, sex, vascular risk factors, nor stroke severity between the 2 groups (P>0.05). The median stroke onset-to-door time was \u22481-hour longer in COVID-19 compared with pre-COVID-19 (154 versus 95 minutes, P=0.12), and the proportion of individuals with onset-to-door time within 4.5 hours was significantly lower (55% versus 72%, P=0.024). Significantly fewer cases of transient ischemic attack presented to the hospital during COVID-19 (4% versus 16%, P=0.016), despite no increase in referrals to the transient ischemic attack clinic. Inpatient stroke pathways and treatment time metrics nevertheless did not differ between the 2 groups (P>0.05 for all comparisons). During the early containment phase of COVID-19, we noted a prolongation in stroke onset to hospital arrival time and a significant reduction in individuals arriving at the hospital within 4.5 hours and presenting with transient ischemic attack. Public education about stroke should continue to be reinforced during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32435132, "pmcid": "PMC7225780", "title": "Epidemiological Data From the COVID-19 Outbreak in Spain for the Promotion of Tobacco Smoking Cessation Policies.", "journal": "Tob Use Insights", "authors": ["Vazquez, Javier Correa", "Redolar-Ripoll, Diego"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435132", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457226, "title": "COVID-19 in MS: Initial observations from the Pacific Northwest.", "journal": "Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm", "authors": ["Bowen, James D", "Brink, Justine", "Brown, Ted R", "Lucassen, Elisabeth B", "Smoot, Kyle", "Wundes, Annette", "Repovic, Pavle"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457226", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324709, "pmcid": "PMC7195847", "title": "The American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Response to COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Acad Orthop Surg", "authors": ["Wright, Rick W", "Armstrong, April D", "Azar, Frederick M", "Bednar, Michael S", "Carpenter, James E", "Evans, Jack B", "Flynn, John M", "Garvin, Kevin L", "Jacobs, Joshua J", "Kang, James D", "Lundy, Douglas W", "Mencio, Gregory A", "Murray, Peter M", "Nelson, Charles L", "Peabody, Terrance", "Porter, Scott E", "Roberson, James R", "Saltzman, Charles L", "Sebastianelli, Wayne J", "Taitsman, Lisa A", "Van Heest, Ann E", "Martin, David F"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324709", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted every aspect of society in a way never previously experienced by our nation's orthopaedic surgeons. In response to the challenges the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery has taken steps to adapt our Board Certification and Continuous Certification processes. These changes were made to provide flexibility for as many Candidates and Diplomates as possible to participate while maintaining our high standards. The American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery is first and foremost committed to the safety and well-being of our patients, physicians, and families while striving to remain responsive to the changing circumstances affecting our Candidates and Diplomates."}, {"pmid": 32528612, "pmcid": "PMC7266480", "title": "How prepared is Africa to face COVID-19?", "journal": "Pan Afr Med J", "authors": ["Wadoum, Raoul Emeric Guetiya", "Clarke, Andrew"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528612", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global concern and subsequently labeled a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11th. As the world mobilizes to contain the COVID-19, scientists and public health experts are increasingly alarmed about the potentially catastrophic effects of an outbreak in Africa. The establishment of Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention by the Africa Union in 2017 was an unprecedented move toward strengthening national responses, so far enabling all fifty member states with confirmed cases of COVID-19 to adequately respond, break chains of transmission and effectively contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2. We enter an uncertain and challenging period that may severely test the preparedness, organizational resource and resilience of African states and the fabric of their societies. However, we speculate that the fear associated with COVID-19 may also lead to some of the long-standing messages about simple measures to reduce the spread, such as hand washing, finally becoming absorbed and more universally adopted by health workers and the public. Is it possible that regardless of the terrible threat posed by SARS-CoV-2, the increased adoption of these health protection measures may result in a reduction in the spread of other infectious diseases?"}, {"pmid": 32514856, "title": "Correction to: New clinical manifestation of COVID-19 related Guillain-Barre syndrome highly responsive to intravenous immunoglobulins: two Italian cases.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Assini, Andrea", "Benedetti, Luana", "Di Maio, Silvia", "Schirinzi, Erika", "Del Sette, Massimo"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514856", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The above article was published online with inverted given and family names. The correct presentation has been corrected above."}, {"pmid": 32401215, "pmcid": "PMC7247465", "title": "Telehealth Home Support During COVID-19 Confinement for Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment or Mild Dementia: Survey Study.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Goodman-Casanova, Jessica Marian", "Dura-Perez, Elena", "Guzman-Parra, Jose", "Cuesta-Vargas, Antonio", "Mayoral-Cleries, Fermin"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401215", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The public health emergency of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is rapidly evolving worldwide; some countries, including Spain, have implemented restrictive measures. Populations that are vulnerable to this outbreak and its physical and mental health effects include community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia. Telehealth is a potential tool to deliver health care and decrease exposure risk. The aims of this study were to explore the impact of confinement on the health and well-being of community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia, to provide television-based and telephone-based health and social support, and to study the effects of a television-based assistive integrated technology, TV-AssistDem (TeleVision-based ASSistive Integrated Service to supporT European adults living with mild DEMentia or mild cognitive impairment). A telephone-based survey was administered in Spain to 93 participants in the TV-AssistDem clinical trial from March 25 to April 6, 2020. Of the respondents, 60/93 (65%) were women. The mean age was 73.34 (SD 6.07), and 69/93 (74%) lived accompanied. Lockdown measures forced 17/93 respondents (18%) to change their living arrangements. Health status was found to be optimal in 89/93 respondents (96%), with no COVID-19 symptoms. Grocery and pharmacy outings were performed by family members of 68/93 participants (73%); 57 (61%) reported overall well-being, and 65 (70%) maintained their sleep quality. However, participants living alone reported greater negative feelings and more sleeping problems. Regarding leisure activities, 53/93 respondents (57%) took walks, 32 (35%) played memory games, 55 (60%) watched television, and 91 (98%) telephoned relatives. 58/93 (64%) respondents reported accessing moderate or too much COVID-19 information, 89 (97%) received it from television, and 56 (62%) stated that their understanding of the information was extreme. 39/93 (39%) respondents had contacted health and social services, while 29 (31%) requested information regarding these services during the telephone call. There were no significant differences in health and well-being between the intervention and control groups. Respondents with TV-AssistDem performed more memory exercises (24/93, 52% vs 8/93, 17.4%; P<.001) than control respondents. Our findings suggest that during COVID-19 confinement, the physical and mental health and well-being was optimal for the majority of our vulnerable population. However, those living alone reported greater negative psychological effects and sleeping problems. Measures adopted to address the negative experiences of confinement included keeping informed about the situation, accessing health and social services, having a support network that prevents risk of exposure to COVID-19 and guarantees food and medical supplies, a daily routine with maintained sleeping habits and leisure activities, staying physically and mentally active with cognitive stimulation exercises, and ensuring social connectedness using technology. Television sets were preferred technological devices to access COVID-19 information, watch television as a recreational activity, and perform memory exercises as an intellectual activity. Television-based telehealth support using TV-AssistDem demonstrated potential for cognitive stimulation. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03653234; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03653234."}, {"pmid": 32469504, "title": "Heralding Healthcare Professionals: Recognition of Neurological Deficits in COVID-19.", "journal": "ACS Chem Neurosci", "authors": ["Baig, Abdul Mannan", "Sanders, Erin C"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469504", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a zoonotic disease that is dominated by pulmonary symptoms. However, recent reports of isolation of the virus from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) coupled with radiological evidence of zones of necrosis in the brain, have elucidated the neurotropic potential of SARS-CoV-2. The acute respiratory failure seen in patients with COVID-19 is alarming and could be due to the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the central respiratory regulatory centers in the brainstem. Appropriate interventions can be implemented to prevent severe outcomes of neurological invasion by SARS-CoV-2 to reduce the morbidity and mortality of patients with COVID-19. It is of paramount importance that the scientific community alerts the healthcare professionals of the pieces of evidence that can herald them on the covert neurological deficits in progress in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32221983, "title": "Organ-protective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and its effect on the prognosis of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Cheng, Hao", "Wang, Yan", "Wang, Gui-Qiang"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221983", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article reviews the correlation between angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and severe risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the possible mechanisms. ACE2 is a crucial component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The classical RAS ACE-Ang II-AT1R regulatory axis and the ACE2-Ang 1-7-MasR counter-regulatory axis play an essential role in maintaining homeostasis in humans. ACE2 is widely distributed in the heart, kidneys, lungs, and testes. ACE2 antagonizes the activation of the classical RAS system and protects against organ damage, protecting against hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Similar to SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 also uses the ACE2 receptor to invade human alveolar epithelial cells. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical high-mortality disease, and ACE2 has a protective effect on this type of acute lung injury. Current research shows that the poor prognosis of patients with COVID-19 is related to factors such as sex (male), age (>60 years), underlying diseases (hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease), secondary ARDS, and other relevant factors. Because of these protective effects of ACE2 on chronic underlying diseases and ARDS, the development of spike protein-based vaccine and drugs enhancing ACE2 activity may become one of the most promising approaches for the treatment of COVID-19 in the future."}, {"pmid": 32520224, "title": "How Institutions Can Protect the Mental Health and Psychosocial Well-Being of Their Healthcare Workers in the Current COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Fukuti, Pedro", "Uchoa, Caroline Louise Mesquita", "Mazzoco, Marina Flaborea", "Corchs, Felipe", "Kamitsuji, Carla Satie", "Rossi, Luciane De", "Rios, Izabel Cristina", "Lancman, Selma", "Bonfa, Eloisa", "Barros-Filho, Tarcisio Eloy Pessoa de", "Miguel, Euripedes Constantino"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520224", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388945, "title": "[Several considerations on the establishment of a new public health and preventive medicine system in national level].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, Y", "Li, L", "Niu, Y C", "Sun, C H"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388945", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Based on the new mission of public health set in the Healthy China strategy and the insufficient response to COVID-19, this article pointed out the problems of the current public health and preventive medicine system from the macro-system level, meso-organization level, and micro-individual level, including insufficient strategic planning, resource input, institutional coordination, talent training and team building. It was creatively proposed that a disease prevention and control bureau should be set up outside the health commission to implement the vertical management at four levels, from national level to province-level, including autonomous region, municipality directly under the central government, city-level and district/county-level. The disease prevention and control bureau should consist of a strategic research institute, a center for disease prevention and control (CDC), a human resources training base, and a scientific research institute, which could perform their own duties and rely on each other. Enhancing the functions of strategic planning, overall coordination, and evidence-based decision-making in the original system, emphasizing the foresight and continuity of scientific research, and allowing the CDC to focus more on health management and emergency response could better facilitate in protecting the public health, improving the health and quality of life of the entire population, and guaranteeing the social stability and development."}, {"pmid": 32487445, "pmcid": "PMC7151367", "title": "Bilateral viral pneumonia by COVID-19 as a chance finding in staging with (18)F-FGD-PET/CT of patient with right calf melanoma.", "journal": "Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol", "authors": ["Gomez-Caminero-Lopez, F", "Garcia-Talavera-San-Miguel, P", "Lucas Velazquez, B", "Garcia Arroyo, J", "Diaz Gonzalez, L G", "Gomez Grande, A"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487445", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282032, "pmcid": "PMC7184416", "title": "Neprilysin inhibitor-angiotensin II receptor blocker combination (sacubitril/valsartan): rationale for adoption in SARS-CoV-2 patients.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother", "authors": ["Acanfora, Domenico", "Ciccone, Marco Matteo", "Scicchitano, Pietro", "Acanfora, Chiara", "Casucci, Gerardo"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282032", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312024, "title": "Trauma and orthopaedics in the COVID-19 pandemic: breaking every wave.", "journal": "Singapore Med J", "authors": ["Tay, Keng Jin Darren", "Lee, Yee Han Dave"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312024", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32127714, "title": "Coronavirus response: a focus on containment is still apt.", "journal": "Nature", "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32127714", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446195, "pmcid": "PMC7239782", "title": "Interactions of recommended COVID-19 drugs with commonly used psychotropics.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Chatterjee, Seshadri Sekhar", "Malathesh, Barikar C", "Das, Soumitra", "Singh, Om Prakash"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446195", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296757, "pmcid": "PMC7156797", "title": "Air Pollution and the Novel Covid-19 Disease: a Putative Disease Risk Factor.", "journal": "SN Compr Clin Med", "authors": ["Martelletti, Luigi", "Martelletti, Paolo"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296757", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452731, "title": "A Comparison of Clinical and Chest CT Findings in Patients With Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection and Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Yin, Zhilan", "Kang, Zhen", "Yang, Danhui", "Ding, Shuizi", "Luo, Hong", "Xiao, Enhua"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452731", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to compare clinical and chest CT findings in patients with influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia and coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Thirty patients with diagnosed influenza A (H1N1) virus infection (group A) and 30 patients with diagnosed COVID-19 (group B) were retrospectively enrolled in the present study. The clinical characteristics and chest CT findings of the two groups were compared. RESULTS. Fever, cough, expectoration, and dyspnea were the main symptoms in both groups with viral pneumonia, with cough and expectoration more frequently found in group A. Lymphopenia, an elevated C-reactive protein level, and an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate were common laboratory test findings in the two groups. The median time from symptom onset to CT in group A and group B was 6 and 15 days, respectively, and the median total CT score of the pulmonary lobes involved was 6 and 13, respectively. Linear opacification, crazy-paving sign, vascular enlargement, were more common in group B. In contrast, bronchiectasis and pleural effusion were more common in group A. Other common CT features, including peripheral or peribronchovascular distribution, ground-glass opacities (GGOs), consolidation, subpleural line, air bronchogram, and bronchial distortion, did not show statistical significance. CONCLUSION. On CT, the significant differences between influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia and COVID-19 pneumonia were findings of linear opacification, crazy-paving sign, vascular enlargement, pleural thickening, and pleural effusion, which were more common in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, and bronchiectasis and pleural effusion, which were more common in patients with influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia. Other imaging findings, including peripheral or peribronchovascular distribution, ground-glass opacities (GGO), consolidation, subpleural line, air bronchogram, and bronchial distortion, were not significantly different between the two patient groups."}, {"pmid": 32268360, "pmcid": "PMC7184468", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: stop panic abandonment of household pets.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Huang, Qiao", "Zhan, Xiang", "Zeng, Xian-Tao"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268360", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531579, "title": "Serotonin syndrome in two COVID-19 patients treated with lopinavir/ritonavir.", "journal": "J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Mas Serrano, Miguel", "Perez-Sanchez, Javier Ricardo", "Portela Sanchez, Sofia", "De La Casa-Fages, Beatriz", "Mato Jimeno, Victor", "Perez Tamayo, Isabel", "Grandas, Francisco"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531579", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32231392, "pmcid": "PMC7108716", "title": "Forecasting the novel coronavirus COVID-19.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Petropoulos, Fotios", "Makridakis, Spyros"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32231392", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "What will be the global impact of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19)? Answering this question requires accurate forecasting the spread of confirmed cases as well as analysis of the number of deaths and recoveries. Forecasting, however, requires ample historical data. At the same time, no prediction is certain as the future rarely repeats itself in the same way as the past. Moreover, forecasts are influenced by the reliability of the data, vested interests, and what variables are being predicted. Also, psychological factors play a significant role in how people perceive and react to the danger from the disease and the fear that it may affect them personally. This paper introduces an objective approach to predicting the continuation of the COVID-19 using a simple, but powerful method to do so. Assuming that the data used is reliable and that the future will continue to follow the past pattern of the disease, our forecasts suggest a continuing increase in the confirmed COVID-19 cases with sizable associated uncertainty. The risks are far from symmetric as underestimating its spread like a pandemic and not doing enough to contain it is much more severe than overspending and being over careful when it will not be needed. This paper describes the timeline of a live forecasting exercise with massive potential implications for planning and decision making and provides objective forecasts for the confirmed cases of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32283152, "pmcid": "PMC7194613", "title": "The pathogenesis and treatment of the `Cytokine Storm' in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Ye, Qing", "Wang, Bili", "Mao, Jianhua"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283152", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cytokine storm is an excessive immune response to external stimuli. The pathogenesis of the cytokine storm is complex. The disease progresses rapidly, and the mortality is high. Certain evidence shows that, during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, the severe deterioration of some patients has been closely related to the cytokine storm in their bodies. This article reviews the occurrence mechanism and treatment strategies of the COVID-19 virus-induced inflammatory storm in attempt to provide valuable medication guidance for clinical treatment."}, {"pmid": 32276097, "pmcid": "PMC7141477", "title": "Which Melbourne Metropolitan Areas Are Vulnerable to COVID-19 Based on Age, Disability, and Access to Health Services? Using Spatial Analysis to Identify Service Gaps and Inform Delivery.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Lakhani, Ali"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276097", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Aging adults (65+) with disability are especially vulnerable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and on contracting, they are a cohort most likely to require palliative care. Therefore, it is very important that health services-particularly health services providing palliative care-are proximately available. Treating the Melbourne metropolitan area as a case study, a spatial analysis was conducted to clarify priority areas with a significantly high percentage and number of aging adults (65+) with disability and high barriers to accessing primary health services. Afterward, travel times from priority areas to palliative medicine and hospital services were calculated. The geographic dispersion of areas with people vulnerable to COVID-19 with poor access to palliative care and health services is clarified. Unique methods of health service delivery are required to ensure that vulnerable populations in underserviced metropolitan areas receive prompt and adequate care. The spatial methodology used can be implemented in different contexts to support evidence-based COVID-19 and pandemic palliative care service decisions."}, {"pmid": 32242790, "pmcid": "PMC7167485", "title": "The challenges and considerations of community-based preparedness at the onset of COVID-19 outbreak in Iran, 2020.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242790", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 as an emerging disease has spread to 183 countries and territories worldwide as of 20 March 2020. The first COVID-19 case (i.e. the index case) in Iran was observed in the city of Qom on 19 February 2020. One of the cities of Markazi Province is Delijan, which shares a border with Qom. Consequently, COVID-19 has quickly spread in this city because a large population commutes daily between the two cities. This study aimed to report the challenges and considerations of community-based preparedness at the onset of COVID-19 outbreak in a city of Iran in 2020."}, {"pmid": 32459191, "title": "Diagnostic performance of a SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM lateral flow immunochromatography assay in symptomatic patients presenting to the emergency department.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Bernasconi, Luca", "Oberle, Michael", "Gisler, Valentin", "Ottiger, Cornelia", "Fankhauser, Hans", "Schuetz, Philipp", "Fux, Christoph A", "Hammerer-Lercher, Angelika"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459191", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32326959, "pmcid": "PMC7179373", "title": "High-flow nasal cannula may be no safer than non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Remy, Kenneth E", "Lin, John C", "Verhoef, Philip A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326959", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227663, "title": "Veterinary oncologists adapting to COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Vet Comp Oncol", "authors": ["Marconato, Laura", "Finotello, Riccardo"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227663", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315614, "pmcid": "PMC7166029", "title": "Laboratory data analysis of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) screening in 2510 patients.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Yun, Hu", "Sun, Zhuoran", "Wu, Jun", "Tang, Aiguo", "Hu, Min", "Xiang, Zhongyuan"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315614", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is highly infectious and requires early detection, isolation, and treatment. We tried to find some useful information by analyzing the covid-19 screening data, so as to provide help for clinical practice. We collected nucleic acid and hematology data from 2510 patients for COVID-19 infection for retrospective analysis. COVID-19 and influenza A and B infection rates were 1.3%, 3%, and 3%, respectively. COVID-19 nucleic acid was detected in stool but not in tear samples from 8 positive patients. Among the 32 patients with COVID-19, 15 (47%) and 16 (50%) patients showed decreased lymphocyte count and lymphocyte ratio, 21(66%) and 24(75%) patients showed decreased eosinophil count and eosinophil ratio, and 18 (56%) patients showed increased C-reactive protein. Ten hematological indicators significantly differed in the blood of patients with COVID-19 and those with influenza A and B (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05). Eighteen hematological indicators significantly differed between patients with COVID-19 and negative patients (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05). The positive rate of influenza A and B infection was higher than that of COVID-19. When pharyngeal swab collection may cause infection, fecal samples can be examined. Evaluation of pharyngeal swab and fecal samples can improve the positive rate of nucleic acid detection. The COVID-19 can cause some hematological indices changes."}, {"pmid": 32467553, "title": "Smoking amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic - the invisible threat?", "journal": "Med J Malaysia", "authors": ["Anand, S"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467553", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No abstract provided."}, {"pmid": 32178975, "pmcid": "PMC7102663", "title": "Thrombocytopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections: A meta-analysis.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Plebani, Mario", "Henry, Brandon Michael"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32178975", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel infectious disease with lack of established laboratory markers available to evaluate illness severity. In this study, we investigate whether platelet count could differentiate between COVID-19 patients with or without severe disease. Additionally, we evaluate if thrombocytopenia is associated with severe COVID-19. An electronic search in Medline, Scopus and Web of Science was performed to identify studies reporting data on platelet count in COVID-19 patients. A meta-analysis was performed, with calculation of weighted mean difference (WMD) of platelet number in COVID-19 patients with or without severe disease and odds ratio (OR) of thrombocytopenia for severe form of COVID-19. Nine studies with 1779 COVID-19 patients, 399 (22.4%) with severe disease, were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled analysis revealed that platelet count was significantly lower in patients with more severe COVID-19 (WMD -31\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0109/L; 95% CI, from -35 to -29\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0109/L). A subgroup analysis comparing patients by survival, found an even lower platelet count was observed with mortality (WMD, -48\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0109/L; 95% CI, -57 to -39\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0109/L. In the four studies (n\u00a0=\u00a01427) which reported data on rate of thrombocytopenia, a low platelet count was associated with over fivefold enhanced risk of severe COVID-19 (OR, 5.1; 95% CI, 1.8-14.6). Low platelet count is associated with increased risk of severe disease and mortality in patients with COVID-19, and thus should serve as clinical indicator of worsening illness during hospitalization."}, {"pmid": 32129508, "title": "Hematologic parameters in patients with COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Fan, Bingwen Eugene", "Chong, Vanessa Cui Lian", "Chan, Stephrene Seok Wei", "Lim, Gek Hsiang", "Lim, Kian Guan Eric", "Tan, Guat Bee", "Mucheli, Sharavan Sadasiv", "Kuperan, Ponnudurai", "Ong, Kiat Hoe"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32129508", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504945, "pmcid": "PMC7255149", "title": "Alltest rapid lateral flow immunoassays is reliable in diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection from 14 days after symptom onset: A prospective single-center study.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Perez-Garcia, Felipe", "Perez-Tanoira, Ramon", "Romanyk, Juan", "Arroyo, Teresa", "Gomez-Herruz, Pena", "Cuadros-Gonzalez, Juan"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504945", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosis is challenging in patients from 2 to 3 weeks after the onset of symptoms, due to the low positivity rate of the PCR. Serologic tests could be complementary to PCR in these situations. The aim of our study was to analyze the diagnostic performance of one serologic rapid test in COVID-19 patients. We evaluated a lateral flow immunoassay (AllTest COVID-19 IgG/IgM) which detects IgG and IgM antibodies. We validated the serologic test using serum samples from 100 negative patients (group 1) and 90 patients with COVID-19 confirmed by PCR (group 2). Then, we prospectively evaluated the test in 61 patients with clinical diagnosis of pneumonia of unknown etiology that were negative for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR (group 3). All 100 patients from group 1 were negative for the serologic test (specificity = 100 %). Regarding group 2 (PCR-positive), the median time from their symptom onset until testing was 17 days. For these 90 group-2 patients, the test was positive for either IgM or IgG in 58 (overall sensitivity = 64.4 %), and in patients tested 14 days or more after the onset of symptoms, the sensitivity was 88.0 %. Regarding the 61 group-3 patients, median time after symptom onset was also 17 days, and the test was positive in 54 (88.5 % positivity). Our study shows that Alltest lateral flow immunoassay is reliable as a complement of PCR to diagnose SARS-CoV-2 infection after 14 days from the onset of symptoms and in patients with pneumonia and negative PCR for SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32330635, "pmcid": "PMC7194708", "title": "Applying the ethical principles of resource allocation to drugs in limited supply during a public health crisis.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Kong, Ha Eun", "Grant-Kels, Jane M", "Stoff, Benjamin K"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330635", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422693, "title": "Teledermatology for COVID-19 cutaneous lesions: substitute or supplement?", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Skayem, C", "Cassius, C", "Ben Kahla, M", "Fiani, C", "Frumholtz, L", "Mrad, M", "Petit, A", "Zuelgaray, E", "Bagot, M", "Bouaziz, J D", "Duong, T A"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422693", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488888, "title": "Elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase level identifies patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and predicts the length of hospital stay.", "journal": "J Clin Lab Anal", "authors": ["Gu, Xuexiang", "Li, Xiangyu", "An, Xusheng", "Yang, Shufeng", "Wu, Shangnong", "Yang, Xiaozhong", "Wang, Honggang"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488888", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a worldwide public health emergency. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of liver blood tests in COVID-19 patients. The analysis included clinical data of 23 patients with suspected COVID-19 and 66 patients with confirmed COVID-19 from January 25 to February 20, 2020. The relationship between liver blood test results, liver condition (HBsAb positive, HBcAb positive, and fatty liver disease), and duration of hospital stay among COVID-19 patients was analyzed. The median hospital stay of COVID-19 patients was 6\u00a0days. Serum albumin (Alb) level was lower in patients with COVID-19 confirmed on admission than in patients with suspected COVID-19 (40.08\u00a0g/L vs 42.50\u00a0g/L, P\u00a0=\u00a0.016), while the level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was higher (23\u00a0U/L vs 18\u00a0U/L, P\u00a0=\u00a0.005). Abnormal results of liver blood tests in patients with COVID-19 included increased levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) (21.2%, 14 patients), AST (15.2%, 10 patients), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) (22.7%, 15 patients). After 5-10\u00a0days of treatment, levels of Alb and AST in COVID-19 patients were significantly decreased (P\u00a0<\u00a0.001 and P\u00a0=\u00a0.027, respectively). Abnormal levels of Alb and AST in patients with COVID-19 were not associated with the liver condition (all P\u00a0>\u00a0.05). In addition, only levels of AST were positively correlated with the duration of hospital stay (r\u00a0=\u00a0.334, P\u00a0=\u00a0.007). Abnormal results of the liver blood test were found in COVID-19 patients. The COVID-19 patients on admission with the higher levels of AST might have longer hospital stays."}, {"pmid": 32372755, "pmcid": "PMC7201952", "title": "Estimating the generation interval for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) based on symptom onset data, March 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Ganyani, Tapiwa", "Kremer, Cecile", "Chen, Dongxuan", "Torneri, Andrea", "Faes, Christel", "Wallinga, Jacco", "Hens, Niel"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372755", "countries": ["Singapore", "China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BackgroundEstimating key infectious disease parameters from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak is essential for modelling studies and guiding intervention strategies.AimWe estimate the generation interval, serial interval, proportion of pre-symptomatic transmission and effective reproduction number of COVID-19. We illustrate that reproduction numbers calculated based on serial interval estimates can be biased.MethodsWe used outbreak data from clusters in Singapore and Tianjin, China to estimate the generation interval from symptom onset data while acknowledging uncertainty about the incubation period distribution and the underlying transmission network. From those estimates, we obtained the serial interval, proportions of pre-symptomatic transmission and reproduction numbers.ResultsThe mean generation interval was 5.20 days (95% credible interval (CrI): 3.78-6.78) for Singapore and 3.95 days (95% CrI: 3.01-4.91) for Tianjin. The proportion of pre-symptomatic transmission was 48% (95% CrI: 32-67) for Singapore and 62% (95% CrI: 50-76) for Tianjin. Reproduction number estimates based on the generation interval distribution were slightly higher than those based on the serial interval distribution. Sensitivity analyses showed that estimating these quantities from outbreak data requires detailed contact tracing information.ConclusionHigh estimates of the proportion of pre-symptomatic transmission imply that case finding and contact tracing need to be supplemented by physical distancing measures in order to control the COVID-19 outbreak. Notably, quarantine and other containment measures were already in place at the time of data collection, which may inflate the proportion of infections from pre-symptomatic individuals."}, {"pmid": 32241953, "title": "Treating multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Brownlee, Wallace", "Bourdette, Dennis", "Broadley, Simon", "Killestein, Joep", "Ciccarelli, Olga"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241953", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353720, "pmcid": "PMC7182518", "title": "COVID-19 faecal-oral transmission: Are we asking the right questions?", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Heller, Leo", "Mota, Cesar R", "Greco, Dirceu B"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353720", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in stools and sewage has recently been reported, raising the hypothesis of faecal-oral transmission. If confirmed, this could have far-reaching consequences for public health and for pandemic control strategies. In this paper, we argue that a comprehensive and more nuanced analysis is required to test this hypothesis, taking into consideration both environmental dynamics and the persistence of viral infectivity. First, we examine the evidence regarding the presence of the virus in stools and sewage. Then we discuss the current framework of disease transmission through water and excreta and how the transmission of a respiratory disease fits into it. Against this background, we propose a framework to test the faecal-oral hypothesis, unpacking the different environmental routes from faeces to the mouth of a susceptible person. This framework should not be seen as a confirmation of the hypothesis but rather as an expanded view of its complexities, which could help shaping an agenda for research into a number of unanswered questions. Finally, the paper briefly discusses practical implications, based on current knowledge, for containment of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32405090, "pmcid": "PMC7219378", "title": "\"Flattening the Curve\" of COVID-19 pandemic in Orthopaedics and Trauma: the Greek perspective.", "journal": "Injury", "authors": ["Kenanidis, Eustathios", "Tsiridis, Eleftherios"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405090", "countries": ["Greece"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432786, "title": "Editorial - COVID-19, more than a viral pneumonia.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Perrella, A", "Trama, U", "Bernardi, F F", "Russo, G", "Monastra, L", "Fragranza, F", "Orlando, V", "Coscioni, E"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432786", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269067, "pmcid": "PMC7164388", "title": "Effective containment explains subexponential growth in recent confirmed COVID-19 cases in China.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Maier, Benjamin F", "Brockmann, Dirk"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269067", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in mainland China was characterized by a distinctive subexponential increase of confirmed cases during the early phase of the epidemic, contrasting with an initial exponential growth expected for an unconstrained outbreak. We show that this effect can be explained as a direct consequence of containment policies that effectively deplete the susceptible population. To this end, we introduce a parsimonious model that captures both quarantine of symptomatic infected individuals, as well as population-wide isolation practices in response to containment policies or behavioral changes, and show that the model captures the observed growth behavior accurately. The insights provided here may aid the careful implementation of containment strategies for ongoing secondary outbreaks of COVID-19 or similar future outbreaks of other emergent infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32433364, "pmcid": "PMC7273942", "title": "Low Barrier Tele-Buprenorphine in the Time of COVID-19: A Case Report.", "journal": "J Addict Med", "authors": ["Harris, Miriam", "Johnson, Samantha", "Mackin, Sarah", "Saitz, Richard", "Walley, Alexander Y", "Taylor, Jessica L"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433364", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To reduce the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many substance use disorder treatment programs have transitioned to telemedicine. Emergency regulatory changes allow buprenorphine initiation without an in-person visit. We describe the use of videoconferencing for buprenorphine initiation combined with street outreach to engage 2 patients experiencing homelessness with severe opioid use disorder (OUD). Patient 1 was a 30-year-old man with severe OUD who had relapsed to injection heroin/fentanyl after incarceration. A community drop-in center outreach harm reduction specialist facilitated a videoconference with an addiction specialist at an OUD bridge clinic. The patient completed a community buprenorphine/naloxone initiation and self-titrated to his prior dose, 8/2\u200amg twice daily. One week later, he reconnected with the outreach team for a follow-up videoconference visit. Patient 2, a 36-year-old man with severe OUD, connected to the addiction specialist via a syringe service program harm reduction specialist. He had been trying to connect to a community buprenorphine/naloxone provider, but access was limited due to COVID-19, so he was using diverted buprenorphine/naloxone to reduce opioid use. He was restarted on his previous dose of 12/3\u200amg daily which was continued via phone follow-up 16 days later. COVID-19-related regulatory changes allow buprenorphine initiation via telemedicine. We describe 2 cases where telemedicine was combined with street outreach to connect patients experiencing homelessness with OUD to treatment. These cases highlight an important opportunity to provide access to life-saving OUD treatment for vulnerable patients in the setting of a pandemic that mandates reduced face-to-face clinical interactions."}, {"pmid": 32217624, "title": "Managing mental health challenges faced by healthcare workers during covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Greenberg, Neil", "Docherty, Mary", "Gnanapragasam, Sam", "Wessely, Simon"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217624", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507520, "title": "[COVID-19: Pathogenesis of a multi-faceted disease].", "journal": "Rev Med Interne", "authors": ["Bonny, V", "Maillard, A", "Mousseaux, C", "Placais, L", "Richier, Q"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507520", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2\u00a0infection, named COVID-19, can lead to a dysregulated immune response and abnormal coagulation responsible for a viral sepsis. In this review, we specify physiopathological mechanisms of each phase of COVID-19 -\u00a0viral, immune and pro-thrombotic\u00a0- notably because they involve different treatment. Finally, we specify the physiopathological mechanisms of organ injury."}, {"pmid": 32452839, "pmcid": "PMC7255400", "title": "Public Health Is Essential: COVID-19's Learnable Moment for Medical Education.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Maeshiro, Rika", "Carney, Jan K"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452839", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic, an unprecedented challenge for this generation of physicians and for the health care system, has re-awakened calls to strengthen the United States' public health systems. This global event is also a \"learnable moment\" for medical education-an opportunity to decisively incorporate public health, including public health systems, through the continuum of medical education. Although medical educators have made progress in integrating public health content into medical curricula, \"public health\" is not a phrase that is consistently used in curricular standards, and public health colleagues are not identified as unique and essential partners to improve and protect health. The COVID-19 crisis has demonstrated how a strong public health system is necessary to support the health of patients and populations, as well as the practice of medicine. Partnerships between medical and public health communities, through individual- and population-based interventions, can also more effectively combat more common threats to health, such as chronic diseases, health inequities, and substance abuse.To achieve a more effective medicine-public health relationship in practice, curricula across the continuum of medical education must include explanations of public health systems, the responsibilities of physicians to their local and state governmental public health agencies, and opportunities for collaboration. Medical education should also prepare physicians to advocate for public health policies, programs, and funding in order to improve and protect the health of their patients and communities. Pandemic COVID-19 demonstrates with laser focus that all physicians are part of public health systems, and that public health content has a distinct and critical place across the continuum of medical education to prepare physicians to participate in, collaborate with, and advocate for public health systems."}, {"pmid": 32343810, "pmcid": "PMC7197569", "title": "Letter to the Editor: \"Our Response to COVID-19 as Endocrinologists and Diabetologists\".", "journal": "J Clin Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Zhang, Bin", "Zhang, Shuixing"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343810", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387212, "pmcid": "PMC7199698", "title": "Important considerations regarding the future management of coronavirus (COVID-19).", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Abbas, Abdul-Rahman", "Abbas, Abdallah", "Ali, Yousif", "Memon, Sara Fatima"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387212", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515864, "title": "Psychosocial impact of COVID-19 for general workers.", "journal": "J Occup Health", "authors": ["Shimazu, Akihito", "Nakata, Akinori", "Nagata, Tomohisa", "Arakawa, Yutaka", "Kuroda, Sachiko", "Inamizu, Nobuyuki", "Yamamoto, Isamu"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515864", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363249, "pmcid": "PMC7195454", "title": "Contingency Plans in a Radiation Oncology Department Amid the 2019-nCoV Outbreak in Switzerland.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Papachristofilou, Alexandros", "Finazzi, Tobias", "Kohler, Goetz", "Dott, Christian", "Zimmermann, Frank"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363249", "countries": ["Switzerland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pandemic is expected to develop into an unprecedented stress test for health care systems worldwide. This brief report, written from a radiation oncology perspective during the developing outbreak of 2019-nCoV in Switzerland, highlights the challenges identified and measures taken in our department to mitigate risks and ensure continued operations during the outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32526597, "title": "The impact of covid-19 on midwives' practice in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania: A reflective account.", "journal": "Midwifery", "authors": ["Pallangyo, Eunice", "Nakate, Mary Grace", "Maina, Rose", "Fleming, Valerie"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526597", "countries": ["Tanzania, United Republic of", "Kenya", "Uganda"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424503, "pmcid": "PMC7232928", "title": "Potential neurological impact of coronaviruses: implications for the novel SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Iroegbu, Joy D", "Ifenatuoha, Chibuzor W", "Ijomone, Omamuyovwi M"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424503", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoV) are viruses widely known to cause severe respiratory distress due to the prominent clinical symptoms presented. These symptoms, which include fever and dry cough, are frequently found in individuals with CoV infection. Neurological manifestations of CoV have often been neglected; however, recent studies have reported neurological consequences of CoV infection. Here, we review these literatures and discuss the neurologic impact of CoV while highlighting potential implications of the novel SARS-CoV-2 in the nervous system. We also discuss the possible routes by which these viruses invade the nervous system and the mechanism by which they may induce neurological damage."}, {"pmid": 32525369, "title": "Managing the coronavirus pandemic in Portugal: A step-by-step adjustment of health and social services.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Oliveira, Marta", "Fernandes, Carina"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525369", "countries": ["Portugal"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article presents an overview of what has been done in Portugal to curb the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), regarding public health actions, mental health implications, and measures taken or recommended to prevent the harmful effects of the pandemic. Because Portugal has been pointed out as a case of success in managing the COVID-19 pandemic, this report offers opportunities to build on the experience gained, which may positively influence other countries, especially those that are still deeply affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32464094, "pmcid": "PMC7237914", "title": "Introductions to the Community: Early-Career Researchers in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Cell Stem Cell", "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464094", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has unfortunately halted lab work, conferences, and in-person networking, which is especially detrimental to researchers just starting their labs. Through social media and our reviewer networks, we met some early-career stem cell investigators impacted by the closures. Here, they introduce themselves and their research to our readers."}, {"pmid": 32337045, "pmcid": "PMC7170399", "title": "Eating disorders in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Eat Disord", "authors": ["Touyz, Stephen", "Lacey, Hubert", "Hay, Phillipa"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337045", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526276, "title": "Discrepancy in reports of COVID-19 onset of symptoms: is faulty data being collected?", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Choucair, Jacques", "Waked, Rami", "Saliba, Gebrael", "Haddad, Fady", "Haddad, Elie", "Makhoul, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526276", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496394, "title": "A Surgical Protocol to Mitigate the SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Using Multifocal Povidone-Iodine Applications in Lacrimal Surgeries During Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg", "authors": ["Ali, Mohammad Javed"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496394", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525548, "title": "Assessment of Hypokalemia and Clinical Characteristics in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wenzhou, China.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Chen, Dong", "Li, Xiaokun", "Song, Qifa", "Hu, Chenchan", "Su, Feifei", "Dai, Jianyi", "Ye, Yinghai", "Huang, Jianping", "Zhang, Xiaoming"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525548", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has caused a global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 binds angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 of the rennin-angiotensin system, resulting in hypokalemia. To investigate the prevalence, causes, and clinical implications of hypokalemia, including its possible association with treatment outcomes, among patients with COVID-19. This cohort study was conducted at Wenzhou Central Hospital and Sixth People's Hospital of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, China, from January 11, 2020, to February 15, 2020. Participants included patients who received a diagnosis of COVID-19 according to the criteria issued by the Chinese Health Bureau and were admitted to the hospital. The patients were classified as having severe hypokalemia (plasma potassium <3 mmol/L), hypokalemia (plasma potassium 3-3.5 mmol/L), and normokalemia (plasma potassium >3.5 mmol/L). The clinical features, therapy, and outcomes were compared between the 3 groups. Data analysis was conducted in March 2020. The patients were given general support and antiviral therapy. Their epidemiological and clinical features were collected. The prevalence of hypokalemia and response to treatment with potassium supplements were measured by analyzing plasma and urine potassium levels. One hundred seventy-five patients (87 female patients [50%]; mean [SD] age, 45\u2009[14] years) were classified as having severe hypokalemia (31 patients [18%]), hypokalemia (64 patients [37%]), and normokalemia (80 patients [46%]). Patients with severe hypokalemia had statistically significantly higher body temperature (mean [SD], 37.6 \u00b0C [0.9 \u00b0C]) than the patients with hypokalemia (mean [SD],\u200937.2 \u00b0C\u2009[0.7 \u00b0C]; difference, 0.4 \u00b0C; 95% CI, 0.2-0.6 \u00b0C; P\u2009=\u2009.02) and the patients with normokalemia (mean [SD],\u200937.1 \u00b0C\u2009[0.8 \u00b0C]; difference, 0.5 \u00b0C; 95% CI, 0.3-0.7 \u00b0C; P\u2009=\u2009.005). Patients with higher levels of hypokalemia also had higher creatine kinase levels (severe hypokalemia, mean [SD], 200\u2009[257] U/L [median, 113 U/L; interquartile range {IQR}, 61-242 U/L]; hypokalemia, mean [SD], 97\u2009[85] U/L; and normokalemia, mean [SD], 82\u2009[57] U/L), higher creatine kinase-MB fraction (severe hypokalemia, mean [SD], 32\u2009[39] U/L [median, 14 U/L; IQR, 11-36 U/L]; hypokalemia, mean [SD], 18\u2009[15] U/L; and normokalemia, mean [SD], 15\u2009[8] U/L), higher lactate dehydrogenase levels (mean [SD], severe hypokalemia, 256\u2009[88] U/L; hypokalemia, 212\u2009[59] U/L; and normokalemia, 199\u2009[61] U/L), and higher C-reactive protein levels (severe hypokalemia, mean [SD], 29\u2009[23] mg/L; hypokalemia, mean [SD], 18\u2009[20] mg/L [median, 12, mg/L; IQR, 4-25 mg/L]; and normokalemia, mean [SD], 15\u2009[18] mg/L [median, 6 U/L; IQR, 3-17 U/L]). Of 40 severely and critically ill patients, 34 (85%) had hypokalemia. Patients with severe hypokalemia were given potassium at a dose of 40 mEq per day, for a total mean (SD) of 453 (53) mEq potassium chloride, during the hospital stay. The patients responded well to potassium supplements as they recovered. The correction of hypokalemia is challenging because of continuous renal potassium loss resulting from the degradation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. The high prevalence of hypokalemia among patients with COVID-19 suggests the presence of disordered rennin-angiotensin system activity, which increases as a result of reduced counteractivity of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, which is bound by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2."}, {"pmid": 32294673, "pmcid": "PMC7134548", "title": "How should health systems prepare for the evolving COVID-19 pandemic? Reflections from the perspective of a Tertiary Cancer Center.", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Chen, Andre Tsin Chih", "Moniz, Camila Motta Venchiarutti", "Ribeiro-Junior, Ulysses", "Diz, Maria Del Pilar Estevez", "Salvajoli, Joao Victor", "Da Conceicao Vasconcelos, Karina Gondim Moutinho", "Auler-Junior, Jose Otavio Costa", "Cecconello, Ivan", "Abdala, Edson", "Hoff, Paulo Marcelo Gehm"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294673", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461261, "title": "Pediatric Palliative Care in a Pandemic: Role Obligations, Moral Distress, and the Care You Can Give.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Evans, Amanda M", "Jonas, Monique", "Lantos, John"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461261", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many ethical issues arise concerning the care of critically ill and dying patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In this issue's Ethics Rounds, we present 2 cases that highlight 2 different sorts of ethical issues. One is focused on the decisions that have to be made when the surge of patients with respiratory failure overwhelm ICUs. The other is focused on the psychological issues that arise for parents who are caring for a dying child when infection-control policies limit the number of visitors. Both of these situations raise challenges for caregivers who are trying to be honest, to deal with their own moral distress, and to provide compassionate palliative care."}, {"pmid": 32452670, "title": "Immunity-Boosting Spices and the Novel Coronavirus.", "journal": "ACS Chem Neurosci", "authors": ["Elsayed, Yehya", "Khan, Naveed Ahmed"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452670", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although there is no reported genetic predisposition in contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the mortality rate varies among different ethnic groups. Here we determined potential correlation between COVID-19 and spice consumption. The data from 163 countries including total cases, total deaths, and total recovered were analyzed. It was observed that there is a clear interrelated prevalence between the total number of COVID-19 cases per million population tested and the gram of spice supply per capita per day. Nations with lower consumptions of spices per capita showed greater number of COVID-19 cases per million population. This is not surprising as herbs and spices are well-known to boost immunity. Although the precise molecular mechanisms associated with spices and immunity are not completely understood, our findings led us to hypothesize that spice consumption plays a role in our ability to fight COVID-19; however, intensive research is needed to determine the translational value of these findings."}, {"pmid": 32453451, "title": "Sars-CoV-2 in the context of past coronaviruses epidemics: Consideration for prenatal care.", "journal": "Prenat Diagn", "authors": ["Lambelet, Valentine", "Vouga, Manon", "Pomar, Leo", "Favre, Guillaume", "Gerbier, Eva", "Panchaud, Alice", "Baud, David"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453451", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the novel SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has resulted in millions of cases and more than 200,000 deaths worldwide. The clinical course among non-pregnant women has been described but data about potential risks for women and their fetus remain scarce. The SARS and MERS epidemics were responsible for miscarriages, adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes and maternal deaths. For COVID-19 infection, only 9 cases of maternal death have been reported as of April 22, 2020 and pregnant women seem to develop the same clinical presentation as the general population. However, severe maternal cases, as well as prematurity, fetal distress and stillbirth among newborns have been reported. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic greatly impacts prenatal management and surveillance and raise the need for clear unanimous guidelines. In this narrative review, we describe the current knowledge about coronaviruses (SARS, MERS and SARS-CoV-2) risks and consequences on pregnancies and we summarize available current candidate therapeutic options for pregnant women. Finally, we compare current guidance proposed by RCOG, ACOG and the WHO to give an overview of prenatal management which should be utilized until future data appear. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32433764, "title": "How Academic Health Systems Can Move Forward Once COVID-19 Wanes.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Shapiro, Steven D", "Rothman, Paul B"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433764", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407836, "pmcid": "PMC7212968", "title": "Longitudinal hematologic and immunologic variations associated with the progression of COVID-19 patients in China.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Chen, Ruchong", "Sang, Ling", "Jiang, Mei", "Yang, Zhaowei", "Jia, Nan", "Fu, Wanyi", "Xie, Jiaxing", "Guan, Weijie", "Liang, Wenhua", "Ni, Zhengyi", "Hu, Yu", "Liu, Lei", "Shan, Hong", "Lei, Chunliang", "Peng, Yixiang", "Wei, Li", "Liu, Yong", "Hu, Yahua", "Peng, Peng", "Wang, Jianming", "Liu, Jiyang", "Chen, Zhong", "Li, Gang", "Zheng, Zhijian", "Qiu, Shaoqin", "Luo, Jie", "Ye, Changjiang", "Zhu, Shaoyong", "Zheng, Jinping", "Zhang, Nuofu", "Li, Yimin", "He, Jianxing", "Li, Jing", "Li, Shiyue", "Zhong, Nanshan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407836", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Crucial roles of hematologic and immunologic responses in progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain largely unclear. We sought to address the dynamic changes in hematologic and immunologic biomarkers and their associations with severity and outcomes of COVID-19. A retrospective study including 548 patients with COVID-19 with clarified outcome (discharged or deceased) from a national cohort in China was performed. Cross-sectional and longitudinal variations were compared and the associations with different severity and outcomes were analyzed. On admission, the counts of lymphocytes, T-cell subsets, eosinophils, and platelets decreased markedly, especially in severe/critical and fatal patients. Increased neutrophil count and neutrophils-to-lymphocytes ratio were predominant in severe/critical cases or nonsurvivors. During hospitalization, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and platelets showed an increasing trend in survivors, but maintained lower levels or dropped significantly afterwards in nonsurvivors. Nonsurvivors kept a high level or showed an upward trend for neutrophils, IL-6, procalcitonin, D-dimer, amyloid A protein, and C-reactive protein, which were kept stable or showed a downward trend in survivors. Positive correlation between CD8+ T-cell and lymphocytes count was found in survivors but not in nonsurvivors. A multivariate Cox regression model suggested that restored levels of lymphocytes, eosinophils, and platelets could serve as predictors for recovery, whereas progressive increases in neutrophils, basophils, and IL-6 were associated with fatal outcome. Hematologic and immunologic impairment showed a significantly different profile between survivors and nonsurvivors in patients with COVID-19 with different severity. The longitudinal variations in these biomarkers could serve to predict recovery or fatal outcome."}, {"pmid": 32385132, "pmcid": "PMC7211095", "title": "Consensus for prevention and management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for neurologists.", "journal": "Stroke Vasc Neurol", "authors": ["Jin, Huijuan", "Hong, Candong", "Chen, Shengcai", "Zhou, Yifan", "Wang, Yong", "Mao, Ling", "Li, Yanan", "He, Quanwei", "Li, Man", "Su, Ying", "Wang, David", "Wang, Longde", "Hu, Bo"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385132", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic disease globally. Although COVID-19 directly invades lungs, it also involves the nervous system. Therefore, patients with nervous system involvement as the presenting symptoms in the early stage of infection may easily be misdiagnosed and their treatment delayed. They become silent contagious sources or 'virus spreaders'. In order to help neurologists to better understand the occurrence, development and prognosis, we have developed this consensus of prevention and management of COVID-19. It can also assist other healthcare providers to be familiar with and recognise COVID-19 in their evaluation of patients in the clinic and hospital environment."}, {"pmid": 32491116, "title": "A brief-review of the risk factors for covid-19 severity.", "journal": "Rev Saude Publica", "authors": ["Rod, J E", "Oviedo-Trespalacios, Oscar", "Cortes-Ramirez, Javier"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491116", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization has emphasized that one of the most important questions to address regarding the covid-19 pandemic is to understand risk factors for disease severity. We conducted a brief review that synthesizes the available evidence and provides a judgment on the consistency of the association between risk factors and a composite end-point of severe-fatal covid-19. Additionally, we also conducted a comparability analysis of risk factors across 17 studies. We found evidence supporting a total of 60 predictors for disease severity, of which seven were deemed of high consistency, 40 of medium and 13 of low. Among the factors with high consistency of association, we found age, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, albumin, body temperature, SOFA score and diabetes. The results suggest that diabetes might be the most consistent comorbidity predicting disease severity and that future research should carefully consider the comparability of reporting cases, factors, and outcomes along the different stages of the natural history of covid-19."}, {"pmid": 32388221, "pmcid": "PMC7151482", "title": "Nursing's response to COVID-19: Lessons learned from SARS in Taiwan.", "journal": "Int J Nurs Stud", "authors": ["Tsay, Shwu-Feng", "Kao, Ching-Chiu", "Wang, Hsiu-Hung", "Lin, Chia-Chin"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388221", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341601, "pmcid": "PMC7184166", "title": "Management of Orthopaedic Patients During COVID-19 Pandemic in India: A Guide.", "journal": "Indian J Orthop", "authors": ["Neradi, Deepak", "Hooda, Aman", "Shetty, Akshay", "Kumar, Deepak", "Salaria, Amit Kumar", "Goni, Vijay"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341601", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416121, "pmcid": "PMC7233217", "title": "Glycosylated hemoglobin is associated with systemic inflammation, hypercoagulability, and prognosis of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Wang, Zhenzhou", "Du, Zhe", "Zhu, Fengxue"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416121", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diabetes is a risk factor for the progression and prognosis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), but the relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level, inflammation, and prognosis of COVID-19 patients has not been explored. This was a retrospective study of COVID-19 patients who underwent an HbA1c test. Their demographic data, medical history, signs and symptoms of COVID-19, laboratory test results, and final outcomes of COVID-19 treatment were collected and analyzed. A total of 132 patients were included and divided into three groups based on their blood glucose status. There were significant differences in SaO2, serum ferritin level, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), fibrinogen (Fbg) level, and IL6 level among the three groups. A pairwise comparison of the groups showed that groups B and C were significantly different from group A in terms of CRP, ESR, and Fbg, IL6, and serum ferritin levels (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05). Correlation analysis showed that there was a linear negative correlation between SaO2 and HbA1c (r\u00a0=\u00a0-0.22, P\u00a0=\u00a00.01), while there was a linear positive correlation between serum ferritin, CRP, Fbg, and ESR levels and HbA1c (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05). High HbA1c level is associated with inflammation, hypercoagulability, and low SaO2 in COVID-19 patients, and the mortality rate (27.7%) is higher in patients with diabetes. Determining HbA1c level after hospital admission is thus helpful assessing inflammation, hypercoagulability, and prognosis of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32273292, "pmcid": "PMC7211058", "title": "COVID-19 and the gastrointestinal tract: more than meets the eye.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Ng, Siew C", "Tilg, Herbert"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273292", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525704, "title": "Staffing Up For The Surge: Expanding The New York City Public Hospital Workforce During The COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Health Aff (Millwood)", "authors": ["Keeley, Chris", "Long, Theodore G", "Cineas, Natalia", "Villanueva, Yvette", "Bell, Donnie", "Wallach, Andrew B", "Mendez-Justiniano, Ivelesse", "Jackson, Hannah", "Boyle Schwartz, Donna", "Jimenez, Jonathan", "Salway, R James", "Boudourakis, Leon"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525704", "countries": ["United States", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Ascending to the peak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in New York City, NYC Health + Hospitals (NYC H+H), the City's public health care system, rapidly expanded capacity across its 11 acute-care hospitals and three new field hospitals. To meet the unprecedented demand for patient care, NYC H+H redeployed staff to the areas of greatest need and redesigned recruiting, onboarding, and training processes. The hospital system engaged private staffing agencies, partnered with the U.S Department of Defense, and recruited volunteers throughout the country. A centralized onboarding team created a single-source portal for medical providers requiring credentialing and established new staff positions to increase efficiency. Using new educational tools focused on COVID-19 content, the hospital system trained 20,000 staff, including nearly 9,000 nurses, within a two-month period. Creation of multidisciplinary teams, frequent enterprise-wide communication, willingness to shift direction in response to changing needs, and innovative use of technology were the key factors that enabled the hospital system to meet its goals. [Editor's Note: This Fast Track Ahead Of Print article is the accepted version of the manuscript. The final edited version will appear in an upcoming issue of Health Affairs.]."}, {"pmid": 32531085, "title": "C1-INH and the contact system in COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Thomson, Timothy M", "Toscano, Emily", "Casis, Ernesto", "Paciucci, Rosanna"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531085", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is frequently associated with severe systemic consequences, including vasculitis, a hyperinflammatory state and hypercoagulation. The mechanisms leading to these life-threatening abnormalities are multifactorial. Based on the analysis of publicly available interactomes, we propose that SARS-CoV-2 infection directly causes a deficiency in C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH), a pathogen-specific mechanism that may help explain significant systemic abnormalities in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32485335, "pmcid": "PMC7250080", "title": "Diagnostic impact of bedside chest X-ray features of 2019 novel coronavirus in the routine admission at the emergency department: case series from Lombardy region.", "journal": "Eur J Radiol", "authors": ["Ippolito, Davide", "Pecorelli, Anna", "Maino, Cesare", "Capodaglio, Carlo", "Mariani, Ilaria", "Giandola, Teresa", "Gandola, Davide", "Bianco, Ilaria", "Ragusi, Maria", "Talei Franzesi, Cammillo", "Corso, Rocco", "Sironi, Sandro"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485335", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and the imaging features of routine admission chest X-ray in patients suspected for novel Coronavirus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We retrospectively evaluated clinical and X-ray features in all patients referred to the emergency department for suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection between March 1st and March 13th. A single radiologist with more than 15 years of experience in chest-imaging evaluated the presence and extent of alveolar opacities, reticulations, and/or pleural effusion. The percentage of lung involvement (range <25 % to 75-100 %) was also calculated. We stratified patients in groups according to the time interval between symptoms onset and X-ray imaging (\u2264 5 and > 5 days) and according to age (\u2264 50 and > 50 years old). A total of 518 patients were enrolled. Overall 314 patients had negative and 204 had positive RT-PCR results. Lung lesions in patients with SARS-Cov2 pneumonia primarily manifested as alveolar and interstitial opacities and were mainly bilateral (60.8 %). Lung abnormalities were more frequent and more severe by symptom duration and by increasing age. The sensitivity and specificity of chest X-ray at admission in the overall cohort were 57 % (95 % CI\u202f=\u202f47-67) and 89 % (83-94), respectively. Sensitivity was higher for patients with symptom onset > 5 days compared to \u2264 5 days (76 % [62-87] vs 37 % [24-52]) and in patients > 50 years old compared to \u2264 50 years (59 % [48-69] vs 47 % [23-72]), at the expense of a slightly lower specificity (68 % [45-86] and 82 % [73-89], respectively). Overall chest X-ray sensitivity for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia was 57 %. Sensitivity was higher when symptoms had started more than 5 days before, at the expense of lesser specificity, while slightly higher in older patients in comparison to younger ones."}, {"pmid": 32303607, "pmcid": "PMC7211081", "title": "British Society of Gastroenterology guidance for management of inflammatory bowel disease during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Kennedy, Nicholas A", "Jones, Gareth-Rhys", "Lamb, Christopher A", "Appleby, Richard", "Arnott, Ian", "Beattie, R Mark", "Bloom, Stuart", "Brooks, Alenka J", "Cooney, Rachel", "Dart, Robin J", "Edwards, Cathryn", "Fraser, Aileen", "Gaya, Daniel R", "Ghosh, Subrata", "Greveson, Kay", "Hansen, Richard", "Hart, Ailsa", "Hawthorne, A Barney", "Hayee, Bu'Hussain", "Limdi, Jimmy K", "Murray, Charles D", "Parkes, Gareth C", "Parkes, Miles", "Patel, Kamal", "Pollok, Richard C", "Powell, Nick", "Probert, Chris S", "Raine, Tim", "Sebastian, Shaji", "Selinger, Christian", "Smith, Philip J", "Stansfield, Catherine", "Younge, Lisa", "Lindsay, James O", "Irving, Peter M", "Lees, Charlie W"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303607", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is putting unprecedented pressures on healthcare systems globally. Early insights have been made possible by rapid sharing of data from China and Italy. In the UK, we have rapidly mobilised inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) centres in order that preparations can be made to protect our patients and the clinical services they rely on. This is a novel coronavirus; much is unknown as to how it will affect people with IBD. We also lack information about the impact of different immunosuppressive medications. To address this uncertainty, the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) COVID-19 IBD Working Group has used the best available data and expert opinion to generate a risk grid that groups patients into highest, moderate and lowest risk categories. This grid allows patients to be instructed to follow the UK government's advice for shielding, stringent and standard advice regarding social distancing, respectively. Further considerations are given to service provision, medical and surgical therapy, endoscopy, imaging and clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32475884, "title": "Early SNS-based monitoring system for the COVID-19 outbreak in Japan: a population-level observational study.", "journal": "J Epidemiol", "authors": ["Yoneoka, Daisuke", "Kawashima, Takayuki", "Tanoue, Yuta", "Nomura, Shuhei", "Ejima, Keisuke", "Shi, Shoi", "Eguchi, Akifumi", "Taniguchi, Toshibumi", "Sakamoto, Haruka", "Kunishima, Hiroyuki", "Gilmour, Stuart", "Nishiura, Hiroshi", "Miyata, Hiroaki"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475884", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BackgroundThe World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) to be a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Large-scale monitoring for capturing the current epidemiological situation of COVID-19 in Japan would improve preparation for and prevention of a massive outbreak.MethodsA chatbot-based healthcare system named COOPERA (COvid-19: Operation for Personalized Empowerment to Render smart prevention And care seeking) was developed using the LINE app to evaluate the current Japanese epidemiological situation. LINE users could participate in the system either though a QR code page in the prefecture's website, or a banner at the top of the LINE app screen. COOPERA asked participants questions regarding personal information, preventive actions, and non-specific symptoms related to COVID-19 and their duration. We calculated daily cross correlation functions between the reported number of infected cases confirmed by PCR and the symptom-positive group captured by COOPERA.ResultsWe analyzed 206,218 participants from three prefectures reported between March 5 and 30, 2020. The mean (standard deviation) age of participants was 44.2 (13.2). No symptoms were reported by 96.93% of participants, but there was a significantly positive correlation between the reported number of COVID-19 cases and self-reported fevers, suggesting that massive monitoring of fever might help to estimate the scale of the COVID-19 epidemic in real time.ConclusionsCOOPERA is the first real-time system being used to monitor trends in COVID-19 in Japan, and provides useful insights to assist political decisions to tackle the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32035509, "pmcid": "PMC7154507", "title": "Coronavirus epidemic: preparing for extracorporeal organ support in intensive care.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Ronco, Claudio", "Navalesi, Paolo", "Vincent, Jean Louis"], "date": "2020-02-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32035509", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356926, "pmcid": "PMC7267340", "title": "Telmisartan as tentative angiotensin receptor blocker therapeutic for COVID-19.", "journal": "Drug Dev Res", "authors": ["Rothlin, Rodolfo Pedro", "Vetulli, Hector Miguel", "Duarte, Mariano", "Pelorosso, Facundo German"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356926", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late 2019, a new coronavirus emerged in Wuhan Province, China, causing lung complications similar to those produced by the SARS coronavirus in the 2002-2003 epidemic. This new disease was named COVID-19 and the causative virus SARS-CoV-2. The SARS-CoV-2 virus enters the airway and binds, by means of the S protein on its surface to the membrane protein ACE2 in type 2 alveolar cells. The S protein-ACE2 complex is internalized by endocytosis leading to a partial decrease or total loss of the enzymatic function ACE2 in the alveolar cells and in turn increasing the tissue concentration of pro-inflammatory angiotensin II by decreasing its degradation and reducing the concentration of its physiological antagonist angiotensin 1-7. High levels of angiotensin II on the lung interstitium can promote apoptosis initiating an inflammatory process with release of proinflammatory cytokines, establishing a self-powered cascade, leading eventually to ARDS. Recently, Gurwitz proposed the tentative use of agents such as losartan and telmisartan as alternative options for treating COVID-19 patients prior to development of ARDS. In this commentary article, the authors make the case for the election of telmisartan as such alternative on the basis of its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and present an open-label randomized phase II clinical trial for the evaluation of telmisartan in COVID-19 patients (NCT04355936)."}, {"pmid": 32329978, "title": "A retrospective study of risk factors for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections in hospitalized adult patients.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Yao, Qingchun", "Wang, Peng", "Wang, Xingguang", "Qie, Guoqiang", "Meng, Mei", "Tong, Xiwen", "Bai, Xue", "Ding, Min", "Liu, Weiming", "Liu, Keke", "Chu, Yufeng"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329978", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201119) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2011CoV\u20112) infection spread worldwide. The aim of the study was to identify the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with severe incidence of SARS \u2011CoV\u20112 infection. All adult patients (median [IQR] age, 52 [37-58] years) consecutively admitted to the Dabieshan Medical Center from January 30, 2020 to February 11, 2020 were collected and reviewed. Only patients diagnosed with COVID\u201119\u00a0 according to the World Health Organization interim guidance were included in this retrospective cohort study. A total of 108 patients with COVID\u201119 were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty\u2011five patients (23.1%) developed severe disease, and of those 12 patients (48%) died. Advanced age, comorbidities (most commonly hypertension), higher blood leukocyte count, neutrophil count, higher C\u2011reactive protein level, D\u2011dimer level, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score were associated with greater risk of COVID\u201119, and so were lower lymphocyte count and albumin level. Multivariable regress ion showed increasing odds of severe COVID\u201119 associated with higher SOFA score (odds ratio [OR], 2.45; 95% CI, 1.302-4.608; P = 0.005), and lymphocyte count less than 0.8 \u00d7 109/l (OR, 9.017; 95% CI, 2.808-28.857; P <0.001) on admission. Higher SOFA score (OR, 2.402; 95% CI, 1.313-4.395; P = 0.004) on admission was identified as risk factor for in\u2011hospital death. Lymphocytopenia and a higher SOFA score on admission could help clinicians to identify patients at high risk for developing severe COVID\u201119. More related studies are needed in the future."}, {"pmid": 32227357, "pmcid": "PMC7228332", "title": "COVID-19 treatment by repurposing drugs until the vaccine is in sight.", "journal": "Drug Dev Res", "authors": ["Phadke, Mrudula", "Saunik, Sujata"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227357", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona virus disease (COVID-19) has created pandemic in the world as declared by WHO on March 12, 2020. It is a viral disease caused by SARS-CoV 2 virus and has affected large populations in over 120 countries. There is no specific treatment available and management is empirical. Until such time that an effective vaccine is available for COVID-19 viral infection, one can repurpose known therapeutic drug molecules such as angiotensin receptor 2 blocker, a commonly used antihypertensive drug, to control COVID-19 virus from gaining entry into the host cell by blocking the angiotensin receptor. Clinical trials should also be undertaken to use statins, which are lipid-lowering drugs but have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties to prevent acute lung injury in COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32516166, "title": "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in the prone position: a good option for patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Ludwin, Kobi", "Szarpak, Lukasz", "Ruetzler, Kurt", "Smereka, Jacek", "Bottiger, Bernd W", "Jaguszewski, Milosz", "Filipiak, Krzysztof Jerzy"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516166", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511089, "title": "Effect of Environmental Conditions on SARS-CoV-2 Stability in Human Nasal Mucus and Sputum.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Matson, M Jeremiah", "Yinda, Claude Kwe", "Seifert, Stephanie N", "Bushmaker, Trenton", "Fischer, Robert J", "van Doremalen, Neeltje", "Lloyd-Smith, James O", "Munster, Vincent J"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511089", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We found that environmental conditions affect the stability of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in nasal mucus and sputum. The virus is more stable at low-temperature and low-humidity conditions, whereas warmer temperature and higher humidity shortened half-life. Although infectious virus was undetectable after 48 hours, viral RNA remained detectable for 7 days."}, {"pmid": 32415832, "pmcid": "PMC7239222", "title": "COVID-19 and ACEI/ARB: NOT ASSOCIATED?", "journal": "Am J Hypertens", "authors": ["Hajra, Adrija", "Bandyopadhyay, Dhrubajyoti"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415832", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276773, "pmcid": "PMC7138145", "title": "Commentary: What is the relationship between Covid-19 and cardiovascular disease?", "journal": "Int J Cardiol", "authors": ["Ferrari, R", "Di Pasquale, G", "Rapezzi, C"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276773", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441743, "title": "A Case Report of Neonatal Acute Respiratory Failure Due to SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc", "authors": ["Precit, Mimi R", "Yee, Rebecca", "Anand, Vikram", "Mongkolrattanothai, Kanokporn", "Pandey, Utsav", "Dien Bard, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441743", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496205, "title": "Why African Americans Are a Potential Target for COVID-19 Infection in the United States (USA).", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Hamidian Jahromi, Alireza", "Hamidianjahromi, Anahid"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496205", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak a pandemic, significant changes have occurred in the United States as the infection spread reached and passed its exponential phase. A stringent analysis of COVID-19 epidemiologic data requires time and would generally be expected to happen with significant delay after the exponential phase of the disease is over and when the focus of the health care system is diverted away from crisis management. Although much has been said about high-risk groups and the vulnerability of the elderly and patients with underlying comorbidities, the impact of race on the susceptibility of ethnic minorities living in indigent communities has not been discussed in detail worldwide and specifically in the United States. There are currently some data on disparities between African American and Caucasian populations for COVID-19 infection and mortality. While health care authorities are reorganizing resources and infrastructure to provide care for symptomatic COVID-19 patients, they should not shy away from protecting the general public as a whole and specifically the most vulnerable members of society, such as the elderly, ethnic minorities, and people with underlying comorbidities."}, {"pmid": 32352481, "title": "Rapid Development of Resident-Led Procedural Response Teams to Support Patient Care During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Epidemic: A Surgical Workforce Activation Team.", "journal": "JAMA Surg", "authors": ["Coons, Barbara E", "Tam, Sophia F", "Okochi, Shunpei"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352481", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441764, "title": "Repositioning PARP inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19); a new multi-pronged therapy for ARDS?", "journal": "Br J Pharmacol", "authors": ["Curtin, Nicola", "Banyai, Krisztian", "Thaventhiran, James", "Le Quesne, John", "Helyes, Zsuzsanna", "Bai, Peter"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441764", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clinically approved PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have a mild adverse effect profile and are well-tolerated as continuous daily oral therapy. We review the evidence that justifies the repurposing of PARPi to block the proliferation of SARS-CoV-2 and combat the life-threatening sequelae of COVID-19 by several mechanisms. PARPi's can effectively decrease IL-6, IL-1 and TNF\u03b1 levels (key interleukins in SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storm) and can alleviate subsequent lung fibrosis, as demonstrated in murine experiments and clinical trials. PARPi can tune macrophages towards a tolerogenic phenotype. PARPi's may also counteract SARS-CoV-2-induced and inflammation-induced cell death and support cell survival. PARPi's had beneficial effects in animal models of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), asthma and ventilator-induced lung injury. PARPi's may potentiate the effectiveness of Tocilizumab, Anakinra, Sarilumab, Adalimumab, Canakinumab or Siltuximab therapy. In summary, the evidence suggests that PARPi therapy would benefit COVID-19 patients and trials of these drugs should be undertaken."}, {"pmid": 32406928, "pmcid": "PMC7273018", "title": "Elective surgeries during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Lee, J", "Choi, J Y", "Kim, M S"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406928", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383575, "title": "Experience of a small country (Montenegro) in the COVID-19 epidemic and its impact on rehabilitation.", "journal": "Eur J Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Bokan, Vesna", "Obradovic, Marija"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383575", "countries": ["Montenegro"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345564, "pmcid": "PMC7166110", "title": "The Past, Present, and Future of Orthopedic Education: Lessons Learned From the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["Stambough, Jeffrey B", "Curtin, Brian M", "Gililland, Jeremy M", "Guild, George N 3rd", "Kain, Michael S", "Karas, Vasili", "Keeney, James A", "Plancher, Kevin D", "Moskal, Joseph T"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345564", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 global pandemic has upended nearly every medical discipline, dramatically impacted patient care and has had far-reaching effects on surgeon education. In many areas of the country, elective orthopedic surgery has completely stopped to ensure that resources are available for the critically ill and to minimize the spread of disease. COVID-19 is forcing many around the world to re-evaluate existing processes and organizations and adapt to carry out business, of which medicine and education are not immune. Most national and international orthopedic conferences, training programs, and workshops have been postponed or canceled, and we are now critically evaluating the delivery of education to our colleagues as well as residents and fellows. This article describes the evolution of orthopedic education and significant paradigm shifts necessary to continue to teach ourselves and the future leaders of our noble profession."}, {"pmid": 32249028, "pmcid": "PMC7270556", "title": "The \"helmet bundle\" in COVID-19 patients undergoing non invasive ventilation.", "journal": "Intensive Crit Care Nurs", "authors": ["Lucchini, Alberto", "Giani, Marco", "Isgro, Stefano", "Rona, Roberto", "Foti, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249028", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32052373, "pmcid": "PMC7091420", "title": "Practical recommendations for critical care and anesthesiology teams caring for novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) patients.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Wax, Randy S", "Christian, Michael D"], "date": "2020-02-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32052373", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A global health emergency has been declared by the World Health Organization as the 2019-nCoV outbreak spreads across the world, with confirmed patients in Canada. Patients infected with 2019-nCoV are at risk for developing respiratory failure and requiring admission to critical care units. While providing optimal treatment for these patients, careful execution of infection control measures is necessary to prevent nosocomial transmission to other patients and to healthcare workers providing care. Although the exact mechanisms of transmission are currently unclear, human-to-human transmission can occur, and the risk of airborne spread during aerosol-generating medical procedures remains a concern in specific circumstances. This paper summarizes important considerations regarding patient screening, environmental controls, personal protective equipment, resuscitation measures (including intubation), and critical care unit operations planning as we prepare for the possibility of new imported cases or local outbreaks of 2019-nCoV. Although understanding of the 2019-nCoV virus is evolving, lessons learned from prior infectious disease challenges such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome will hopefully improve our state of readiness regardless of the number of cases we eventually manage in Canada."}, {"pmid": 32205711, "pmcid": "PMC7141585", "title": "Bronchoscopy in the Age of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol", "authors": ["Ost, David E"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205711", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32494691, "pmcid": "PMC7190329", "title": "Surviving COVID-19: A disease tolerance perspective.", "journal": "Sci Adv", "authors": ["Ayres, Janelle S"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494691", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531620, "title": "Pediatric COVID-19: Systematic review of the literature.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Patel, Neha A"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531620", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is limited data regarding the demographics and clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. This information is especially important as pneumonia is the single leading cause of death in children worldwide. This Systematic Review aims to elucidate a better understanding of the global impact of COVID-19 on the pediatric population. A systematic review of the literature was performed in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines to gain insight into pediatric COVID-19 epidemiology. Specifically, Pubmed and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify any relevant article with a focus on Pediatric Covid 19, Pediatric Covid-19, Pediatric SARS-COV-2, and Pediatric Coronavirus 19. References within the included articles were reviewed. All articles that met criteria where analyzed for demographics, clinical, laboratory, radiographic, treatment and outcomes data. Ten studies including two case series and 8 retrospective chart reviews, altogether describing a total of 2914 pediatric patients with COVID-19 were included in this systematic review. Of the patients whose data was available, 56% were male, the age range was 1\u202fday to 17\u202fyears, 79% were reported to have no comorbidities, and of the 21% with comorbidities, the most common were asthma, immunosupression, and cardiovascular disease. Of pediatric patients that were tested and positive for an infection with SARS-CoV-2, patients were asymptomatic, 14.9% of the time. Patients presented with cough (48%), fever (47%) and sore throat/pharyngitis (28.6%), more commonly than with upper respiratory symptoms/rhinorrhea/sneezing/nasal congestion (13.7%), vomiting/nausea (7.8%) and diarrhea (10.1%). Median lab values including those for WBC, lymphocyte count and CRP, were within the reference ranges with the exception of procalcitonin levels, which were slightly elevated in children with COVID-19 (median procalcitonin levels ranged from 0.07 to 0.5\u202fng/mL. Computed tomography (CT) results suggest that unilateral CT imaging findings are present 36% of cases while 64% of pediatric patients with COVID-19 had bilateral findings. Of the studies with age specific hospitalization data available, 27.0% of patients hospitalized were infants under 1\u202fyear of age. Various treatment regimens including interferon, antivirals, and hydroxychloroquine therapies have been trialed on the pediatric population but there are currently no studies showing efficacy of one regimen over the other. The mortality rate of children that were hospitalized with COVID-19 was 0.0018%. In contrast to adults, most infected children appear to have a milder course and have better outcomes overall. Additional care may be needed for children with comorbidities and younger children. This review also suggests that unilateral CT chest imaging findings were seen in 36.4% pediatric COVID-19 patients. This is particularly concerning as the work-up of pediatric patients with cough may warrant a bronchoscopy to evaluate for airway foreign bodies. Extra precautions need to be taken with personal protective equipment for these cases, as aerosolizing procedures may be a method of viral transmission. 4 (Systematic Review)."}, {"pmid": 32487719, "title": "Another changing of the guard at OEM, this time during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Occup Environ Med", "authors": ["Sim, Malcolm Ross"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487719", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527292, "pmcid": "PMC7289073", "title": "Ventilator management in the age of COVID-19: response to \"Logistic and organizational aspects of a dedicated intensive care unit for COVID-19 patients\".", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Moody, Alastair E", "Beutler, Bryce D", "Antwi-Amoabeng, Daniel", "Lu, Eric X", "Willyard, Charles E", "Ilyas, Irtqa", "Gullapalli, Nageshwara"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527292", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289789, "pmcid": "PMC7179532", "title": "The Baffling Case of Ischemic Stroke Disappearance from the Casualty Department in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Eur Neurol", "authors": ["Morelli, Nicola", "Rota, Eugenia", "Terracciano, Chiara", "Immovilli, Paolo", "Spallazzi, Marco", "Colombi, Davide", "Zaino, Domenica", "Michieletti, Emanuele", "Guidetti, Donata"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289789", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369587, "pmcid": "PMC7239155", "title": "Practical experiences on the prevention and treatment strategies to fight against COVID-19 in hospital.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Peng, Jianhui", "Xu, Liqi", "Wang, Mingke", "Qi, Yong"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369587", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294611, "pmcid": "PMC7141484", "title": "A patient reported outcome platform, a useful tool to improve monitoring and effective management of Covid-19-positive patients with cancer.", "journal": "Eur J Cancer", "authors": ["Scotte, Florian", "Minvielle, Etienne", "Mir, Olivier", "Andre, Fabrice", "Barlesi, Fabrice", "Soria, Jean-Charles"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294611", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320560, "title": "First Case of Covid-19 in the United States.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Tsung, Kangla"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320560", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410746, "pmcid": "PMC7221360", "title": "Poverty, Inequality & COVID-19: The Forgotten Vulnerable.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Patel, J A", "Nielsen, F B H", "Badiani, A A", "Assi, S", "Unadkat, V", "Patel, B", "Ravindrane, R", "Wardle, H"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410746", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32379757, "pmcid": "PMC7205198", "title": "COVID-19 in Latin America: Novel transmission dynamics for a global pandemic?", "journal": "PLoS Negl Trop Dis", "authors": ["Miller, Matthew J", "Loaiza, Jose R", "Takyar, Anshule", "Gilman, Robert H"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379757", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367683, "pmcid": "PMC7267252", "title": "Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak on outcome of myocardial infarction in Hong Kong, China.", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Tam, Chor-Cheung Frankie", "Cheung, Kent-Shek", "Lam, Simon", "Wong, Anthony", "Yung, Arthur", "Sze, Michael", "Fang, Jonathan", "Tse, Hung-Fat", "Siu, Chung-Wah"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367683", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine whether COVID-19 may adversely affect outcome of myocardial infarction (MI) patients in Hong Kong, China. The COVID-19 pandemic has infected thousands of people and placed enormous stress on healthcare system. Apart from being an infectious disease, it may affect human behavior and healthcare resource allocation which potentially cause treatment delay in MI. This was a single center cross-sectional observational study. From November 1, 2019 to March 31, 2020, we compared outcome of patients admitted for acute ST-elevation MI (STEMI) and non-ST elevation MI (NSTEMI) before (group 1) and after (group 2) January 25, 2020 which was the date when Hong Kong hospitals launched emergency response measures to combat COVID-19. There was a reduction in daily emergency room attendance since January 25, 2020 (group 1,327/day vs. group 2,231/day) and 149 patients with diagnosis of MI were included into analysis (group 1 N = 85 vs. group 2\u2009N = 64). For STEMI, patients in group 2 tended to have longer symptom-to-first medical contact time and more presented out of revascularization window (group 1 27.8 vs. group 2 33%). The primary composite outcome of in-hospital death, cardiogenic shock, sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation (VT/VF) and use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) was significantly worse in group 2 (14.1 vs. 29.7%, p = .02). More MI patients during COVID-19 outbreak had complicated in-hospital course and worse outcomes. Besides direct infectious complications, cardiology community has to acknowledge the indirect effect of communicable disease on our patients and system of care."}, {"pmid": 32367288, "pmcid": "PMC7198089", "title": "Slit-lamp evaluation during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: safety first!", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Ruiz-Lozano, Raul E", "Garza-Garza, Lucas A", "Cardenas-de la Garza, Jesus A", "Hernandez-Camarena, Julio C"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367288", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395719, "pmcid": "PMC7212841", "title": "UK food system resilience tested by COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Food", "authors": ["Moran, Dominic", "Cossar, Frances", "Merkle, Magnus", "Alexander, Peter"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395719", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502682, "pmcid": "PMC7265821", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on Peripheral Arterial Disease Treatment.", "journal": "Ann Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Li, Wenrui", "Chen, Xueming", "Feng, Hai"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502682", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447950, "title": "COVID-19: Avoiding a second tragedy in a tuberculosis burdened country.", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Yadav, Siddharth Raj", "Kumar, Rohit", "Gupta, Nitesh", "Ish, Pranav", "Chakrabarti, Shibdas", "Kumar, Amit"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447950", "countries": ["China", "India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To the Editor Novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first notified in December 2019 from Wuhan, China. Now, it has spread rapidly and has been declared a pandemic affecting over 200 countries with widespread morbidity and mortality. It has been postulated that the most vulnerable population are the elderly, people living in crowded areas, children and immune-compromised individuals, such as people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The correlation of tuberculosis (TB), HIV and malnutrition are well documented and hence, people with tuberculosis should be considered as special population in this pandemic. TB is an ancient disease among humans recorded as far back as seventy thousand years which was declared a global public health emergency in 1993 by the World Health Organisation (WHO). India has the highest TB burden in the world."}, {"pmid": 32383276, "title": "Chronic myeloid leukaemia and the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the days of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Clin Pharmacol", "authors": ["Eskazan, Ahmet Emre"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383276", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444480, "title": "Chest imaging in patients with suspected COVID-19.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Adams, Scott J", "Dennie, Carole"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444480", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466736, "title": "Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke due to Large Vessel Occlusion With COVID-19: Experience From Paris.", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Escalard, Simon", "Maier, Benjamin", "Redjem, Hocine", "Delvoye, Francois", "Hebert, Solene", "Smajda, Stanislas", "Ciccio, Gabriele", "Desilles, Jean-Philippe", "Mazighi, Mikael", "Blanc, Raphael", "Piotin, Michel"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466736", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Higher rates of strokes have been observed in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but data regarding the outcomes of COVID-19 patients suffering from acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion (LVO) are lacking. We report our initial experience in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke with LVO in patients with COVID-19. All consecutive patients with COVID-19 with acute ischemic stroke due to LVO treated in our institution during the 6 first weeks of the COVID-19 outbreak were included. Baseline clinical and radiological findings, treatment, and short-term outcomes are reported. We identified 10 patients with confirmed COVID-19 treated for an acute ischemic stroke due to LVO. Eight were men, with a median age of 59.5 years. Seven had none or mild symptoms of COVID-19 at stroke onset. Median time from COVID-19 symptoms to stroke onset was 6 days. All patients had brain imaging within 3 hours from symptoms onset. Five patients had multi-territory LVO. Five received intravenous alteplase. All patients had mechanical thrombectomy. Nine patients achieved successful recanalization (mTICI2B-3), none experienced early neurological improvement, 4 had early cerebral reocclusion, and a total of 6 patients (60%) died in the hospital. Best medical care including early intravenous thrombolysis, and successful and prompt recanalization achieved with mechanical thrombectomy, resulted in poor outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Although our results require further confirmation, a different pharmacological approach (antiplatelet or other) should be investigated to take in account inflammatory and coagulation disorders associated with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32353740, "pmcid": "PMC7195355", "title": "Serum albumin-mediated strategy for the effective targeting of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Mani Mishra, Pushpendra", "Uversky, Vladimir N", "Nandi, Chayan K"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353740", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus (NCoV-19), also known as SARS CoV-2, is a pathogen causing an emerging infection that rapidly increases in incidence and geographic range, is associated with the ever-increasing morbidity and mortality rates, and shows sever economic impact worldwide. The WHO declares the NCoV-19 infection disease (COVID-19) a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January 2020 and subsequently, on March 11, 2020, declared it a Global Pandemic. Although some people infected with SARS CoV-2 have no symptoms, the spectrum of symptomatic infection ranges from mild to critical, with most COVID-19 infections being not severe. The common mild symptoms include body aches, dry cough, fatigue, low-grade fever, nasal congestion, and sore throat. More severe COVID-19 symptoms are typical of pneumonia, and upon progression, the patient's condition can worsen with severe respiratory and cardiac problems. Currently, there is no drug or vaccine for curing patients. It has been observed that people with challenged immunity are highly prone to SARS CoV-2 infection and least likely to recover. Also, older adults and people of any age with serious underlying medical conditions might be at higher risk for severe forms of COVID-19. We are suggesting here a strategy for the COVID-19 treatment that could be effective in curing the patients in the current scenario when no efficient medicine or Vaccine is currently available, and Clinicians solely depend upon the performing trials with drugs with known antiviral activities. Our proposed strategy is based on the compilation of published scientific research and concepts. The different published research indicates the success of a similar strategy in different physiological conditions, and such a strategy is widely studied at the cellular level and in animal models."}, {"pmid": 32392507, "pmcid": "PMC7162446", "title": "All hands on deck as cases of COVID-19 surge.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Basky, Greg"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392507", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350393, "pmcid": "PMC7189022", "title": "COVID-19: treating and managing severe cases.", "journal": "Cell Res", "authors": ["Ai, Jingwen", "Li, Yang", "Zhou, Xian", "Zhang, Wenhong"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350393", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447505, "pmcid": "PMC7244938", "title": "Pediatric COVID-19-associated rhabdomyolysis: a case report.", "journal": "Pediatr Nephrol", "authors": ["Gefen, Ashley M", "Palumbo, Nancy", "Nathan, Suresh K", "Singer, Pamela S", "Castellanos-Reyes, Laura J", "Sethna, Christine B"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447505", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is the illness caused by infection with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Although myalgia is common in adults, it has not been noted as a common symptom in children. There have been a few reported cases of COVID-19-associated rhabdomyolysis in adults. This case report describes a 16-year-old boy who presented with fever, myalgias, mild shortness of breath with exertion, and dark-colored urine. COVID-19 PCR was positive. His initial creatinine kinase (CK) level was 427,656\u00a0U/L. Serum creatinine was normal for age. He was treated with isotonic intravenous fluids containing sodium bicarbonate to maintain urine output of 100-200\u00a0mL/h and urine pH >\u20097.0. His serum creatinine remained normal throughout the hospital stay and he was discharged on hospital day 12 with a CK of 6526\u00a0U/L. To our knowledge, no pediatric cases of COVID-19-associated rhabdomyolysis have been previously reported. Adult cases of rhabdomyolysis have been reported and a few reports have noted patients with elevated CK levels without rhabdomyolysis. Given this pediatric case of COVID-19-associated rhabdomyolysis, pediatric clinicians should be aware of this complication and manage fluids appropriately in order to prevent acute kidney injury."}, {"pmid": 32376126, "pmcid": "PMC7183982", "title": "Immune audit of COVID-19 at the department of ophthalmology of a tertiary hospital before deconfinement.", "journal": "Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol", "authors": ["Garrido-Hermosilla, A M", "Caro-Magdaleno, M", "Moreno-Galdo, J F", "Rodriguez-de-la-Rua-Franch, E"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376126", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405149, "pmcid": "PMC7217771", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Kim, S.-W., Su, K.-P. (2020) Using psychoneuroimmunity against COVID-19, Brain, Behavior, and Immunity (2020), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.025.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Lazzari, David", "Bottaccioli, Anna Giulia", "Bottaccioli, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405149", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343428, "pmcid": "PMC7267134", "title": "Three Taiwan's domestic family cluster infections of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Liu, Shih-Feng", "Kuo, Nai-Ying", "Kuo, Ho-Chang"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343428", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified in Taiwan 2020.01.21. Several family cluster infections were found later. This study aimed to report family cluster infections and observe subsequent development. We collected domestic family cluster infections among COVID-19 confirmed cases from 21 January 2020 to 16 March 2020. There were three domestic family clusters infections in this period. The first cluster was cases 19 to 23. The infectious source was a Taiwanese passenger from Zhejiang. The second cluster was cases 24 to 26 and the third cluster was cases 27 to 32. The infectious sources of the latter clusters are currently uncertain. All contacts of three clusters have been isolated and no new confirmed cases have been identified to date. Some measures which have reduced the spread of these three clusters included: First, high suspicion of COVID-19 for unexplained pneumonia is very important for early detection. Second, immediate epidemic investigation is taken especially COVID-19 is infectious during the incubation period. Third, when the second and third clusters could not find infectious sources, CECC's press conference let the public know immediately the epidemic situation, so that people could raise their awareness and seek medical treatment or quarantine."}, {"pmid": 32382258, "pmcid": "PMC7202479", "title": "Active smoking is associated with severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): An update of a meta-analysis.", "journal": "Tob Induc Dis", "authors": ["Guo, Fei R"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382258", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418794, "pmcid": "PMC7200350", "title": "A Veterinary Vaccine Development Process Map to assist in the development of new vaccines.", "journal": "Vaccine", "authors": ["Francis, Michael James"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418794", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The UK Government recognised the importance of vaccines in the control of new emerging disease threats and in 2015 established the UK Vaccine Network to focus on specific areas of need. One of these was the understanding of what is involved in the development of a new vaccine and what are the potential bottlenecks to a rapid response in the face of an epidemic such as Ebola, MERS and more recently COVID-19. A Working Group was established to initially produce a Vaccine Development Process Map for a Human Vaccine. However, in view of the importance of animal wellbeing and the significant impact of diseases with Zoonotic potential, a similar Map has been created outlining the Veterinary Vaccine Development Process. This paper describes the production of that Map and covers the process from the generation of a Target Product Profile (TPP) through Discovery and Feasibility, and on to Product Development and Registration."}, {"pmid": 32356251, "pmcid": "PMC7192321", "title": "Medical Toxicology and COVID-19: Our Role in a Pandemic.", "journal": "J Med Toxicol", "authors": ["Neumann, Natalie R", "Chai, Peter R", "Wood, David M", "Greller, Howard A", "Mycyk, Mark B"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356251", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32509819, "pmcid": "PMC7262627", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019: implications for liver transplantation.", "journal": "Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr", "authors": ["Wei, Qiang", "Zhou, Junbin", "Shen, Tian", "Zheng, Shusen", "Xu, Xiao"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509819", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489118, "pmcid": "PMC7273903", "title": "Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.", "journal": "Immunotherapy", "authors": ["Vici, Patrizia", "Pizzuti, Laura", "Krasniqi, Eriseld", "Botticelli, Andrea", "Ciliberto, Gennaro", "Barba, Maddalena"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489118", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459186, "pmcid": "PMC7265799", "title": "Flattening the Mental Health Curve: COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Orders Are Associated With Alterations in Mental Health Search Behavior in the United States.", "journal": "JMIR Ment Health", "authors": ["Jacobson, Nicholas C", "Lekkas, Damien", "Price, George", "Heinz, Michael V", "Song, Minkeun", "O'Malley, A James", "Barr, Paul J"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459186", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has led to dramatic changes worldwide in people's everyday lives. To combat the pandemic, many governments have implemented social distancing, quarantine, and stay-at-home orders. There is limited research on the impact of such extreme measures on mental health. The goal of this study was to examine whether stay-at-home orders produced differential changes in mental health symptoms using internet search queries on a national scale. In the United States, individual states vary in their adoption of measures to reduce the spread of COVID-19; as of March 23, 2020, 11 of the 50 states had issued stay-at-home orders. The staggered rollout of stay-at-home measures across the United States allows us to investigate whether these measures impact mental health by exploring variations in mental health search queries across the states. This paper examines the changes in mental health search queries on Google between March 16-23, 2020, across each state and Washington, DC. Specifically, this paper examines differential changes in mental health searches based on patterns of search activity following issuance of stay-at-home orders in these states compared to all other states. The participants were all the people who searched mental health terms in Google between March 16-23. Between March 16-23, 11 states underwent stay-at-home orders to prevent the transmission of COVID-19. Outcomes included search terms measuring anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive, negative thoughts, irritability, fatigue, anhedonia, concentration, insomnia, and suicidal ideation. Analyzing over 10 million search queries using generalized additive mixed models, the results suggested that the implementation of stay-at-home orders are associated with a significant flattening of the curve for searches for suicidal ideation, anxiety, negative thoughts, and sleep disturbances, with the most prominent flattening associated with suicidal ideation and anxiety. These results suggest that, despite decreased social contact, mental health search queries increased rapidly prior to the issuance of stay-at-home orders, and these changes dissipated following the announcement and enactment of these orders. Although more research is needed to examine sustained effects, these results suggest mental health symptoms were associated with an immediate leveling off following the issuance of stay-at-home orders."}, {"pmid": 32482682, "title": "Covid-19: Doctors need proper mental health support, says BMA.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Torjesen, Ingrid"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482682", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32113506, "pmcid": "PMC7158937", "title": "COVID-19: preparing for superspreader potential among Umrah pilgrims to Saudi Arabia.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Ebrahim, Shahul H", "Memish, Ziad A"], "date": "2020-03-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32113506", "countries": ["Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387346, "pmcid": "PMC7199672", "title": "Home quarantine or centralized quarantine, which is more conducive to fighting COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Zhu, Ya", "Wang, Chun", "Dong, Li", "Xiao, Ming"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387346", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520406, "title": "The association of lung ultrasound images with COVID-19 infection in an emergency room cohort.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Bar, S", "Lecourtois, A", "Diouf, M", "Goldberg, E", "Bourbon, C", "Arnaud, E", "Domisse, L", "Dupont, H", "Gosset, P"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520406", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lung ultrasound could facilitate the triage of patients with suspected COVID-19 infection admitted to the emergency room. We developed a predictive model for COVID-19 diagnosis based on lung ultrasound and clinical features. We used ultrasound to image the lung bilaterally at two anterior sites, one and two hands below each clavicle, and a posterolateral site that was the posterior transverse continuation from the lower anterior site. We studied 100 patients, 31 of whom had a COVID-19 positive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. A positive test was independently associated with: quick sequential organ failure assessment score \u2265 1; \u2265 3 B-lines at the upper site; consolidation and thickened pleura at the lower site; and thickened pleura line at the posterolateral site. The model discrimination was an area (95%CI) under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.82 (0.75-0.90). The characteristics (95%CI) of the model's diagnostic threshold, applied to the population from which it was derived, were: sensitivity, 97% (83-100%); specificity, 62% (50-74%); positive predictive value, 54% (41-98%); and negative predictive value, 98% (88-99%). This model may facilitate triage of patients with suspected COVID-19 infection admitted to the emergency room."}, {"pmid": 32380045, "pmcid": "PMC7196904", "title": "The COVID-19 response for vulnerable people in places affected by conflict and humanitarian crises.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Nott, David"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380045", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32284571, "title": "Efficacy of remdesivir in a rhesus macaque model of MERS-CoV infection.", "journal": "Lab Anim (NY)", "authors": ["Le Bras, Alexandra"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284571", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410816, "pmcid": "PMC7221364", "title": "A case series of chest imaging manifestation of COVID-19.", "journal": "Radiography (Lond)", "authors": ["Vegar-Zubovic, Sandra", "Izetbegovic, Sebija", "Zukic, Fuad", "Jusufbegovic, Merim", "Kristic, Spomenka", "Prevljak, Sabina", "Sehic, Adnan", "Julardzija, Fuad"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410816", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [1]. It started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, after which quickly spread to many other countries around the world. Chest radiography (CXR) and computed tomography (CT) play key roles in managment and diagnosis of COVID-19. In this case series we are presenting three patients with predominant left-sided changes caused by COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32304326, "title": "Les droits humains des enfants en situation de handicap en cas d'urgence sanitaire: le defi du COVID-19.", "journal": "Dev Med Child Neurol", "authors": ["Schiariti, Veronica"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304326", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345931, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children: An Invisible Threat Which We Cannot Ignore.", "journal": "Pediatr Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Biban, Paolo"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345931", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259480, "pmcid": "PMC7136867", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: Status Report.", "journal": "Immunity", "authors": ["Amanat, Fatima", "Krammer, Florian"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259480", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, the causal agent of COVID-19, first emerged in late 2019 in China. It has since infected more than 870,000 individuals and caused more than 43,000 deaths globally. Here, we discuss therapeutic and prophylactic interventions for SARS-CoV-2 with a focus on vaccine development and its challenges. Vaccines are being rapidly developed but will likely come too late to affect the first wave of a potential pandemic. Nevertheless, critical lessons can be learned for the development of vaccines against rapidly emerging viruses. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines will be essential to reducing morbidity and mortality if the virus establishes itself in the population."}, {"pmid": 32463192, "title": "Diagnostic imaging of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen", "authors": ["Aalokken, Trond Mogens", "Parkar, Anagha P", "Markussen, Tom-Vegard", "Ashraf, Haseem", "Mynarek, Georg Karl", "Nes, Harald", "Muller, Fredrik", "Schubert, Michael", "Jorgensen, Arve", "Blomberg, Siri Marie", "Bjornerheim, Reidar", "Klow, Nils Einar", "Hopp, Einar"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463192", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405251, "pmcid": "PMC7218365", "title": "CORONA-steps for tracheotomy in COVID-19 patients: A staff-safe method for airway management.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Piccin, Ottavio", "D'Alessio, Pasquale", "Mattucci, Giulia", "De Santi, Gabriella", "Abeshi, Andi"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405251", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312022, "title": "Consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 on international medical graduates and students applying to residencies in the United States.", "journal": "Korean J Med Educ", "authors": ["Park, Jewel", "Rhim, Hye Chang"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312022", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452949, "title": "Management Considerations for the Surgical Treatment of Colorectal Cancer During the Global Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["O'Leary, Michael P", "Choong, Kevin C", "Thornblade, Lucas W", "Fakih, Marwan G", "Fong, Yuman", "Kaiser, Andreas M"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452949", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic requires to conscientiously weigh \"timely surgical intervention\" for colorectal cancer against efforts to conserve hospital resources and protect patients and health care providers. Professional societies provided ad-hoc guidance at the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic on deferral of surgical and perioperative interventions, but these lack specific parameters to determine the optimal timing of surgery. Using the GRADE system, published evidence was analyzed to generate weighted statements for stage, site, acuity of presentation and hospital setting to specify when surgery should be pursued, the time and duration of oncologically acceptable delays, and when to utilize non-surgical modalities to bridge the waiting period. Colorectal cancer surgeries - prioritized as emergency, urgent with (a) imminent emergency or (b) oncologically urgent, or elective - were matched against the phases of the pandemic. Surgery in COVID-19 positive patients must be avoided. Emergent and imminent emergent cases should mostly proceed unless resources are exhausted. Standard practices allow for postponement of elective cases and deferral to nonsurgical modalities of stage II/III rectal and metastatic colorectal cancer. Oncologically urgent cases may be delayed for 6(-12) weeks without jeopardizing oncological outcomes. Outside established principles, administration of nonsurgical modalities is not justified and increases the vulnerability of patients. The COVID-19 pandemic has stressed already limited health care resources and forced rationing, triage and prioritization of care in general, specifically of surgical interventions. Established guidelines allow for modifications of optimal timing and type of surgery for colorectal cancer during an unrelated pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32402856, "pmcid": "PMC7201244", "title": "Could an endo-lysosomal ion channel be the Achilles heel of SARS-CoV2?", "journal": "Cell Calcium", "authors": ["Grimm, Christian", "Tang, Rachel"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402856", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing SARS-CoV2 outbreak has developed into a global pandemic. Despite previous outbreaks of SARS-CoV and the related MERS-CoV in recent years, neither a vaccine nor any other medication for an effective treatment are currently available. Endo-lysosomal two-pore cation channels have now emerged as potential novel targets for SARS-CoV treatment."}, {"pmid": 32307268, "pmcid": "PMC7195604", "title": "Active constituents and mechanisms of Respiratory Detox Shot, a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, for COVID-19 control and prevention: Network-molecular docking-LC-MS(E) analysis.", "journal": "J Integr Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Zi-Jia", "Wu, Wen-Yong", "Hou, Jin-Jun", "Zhang, Lin-Lin", "Li, Fei-Fei", "Gao, Lei", "Wu, Xing-Dong", "Shi, Jing-Ying", "Zhang, Rong", "Long, Hua-Li", "Lei, Min", "Wu, Wan-Ying", "Guo, De-An", "Chen, Kai-Xian", "Hofmann, Lewis A", "Ci, Zhong-Hua"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307268", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lung-toxin Dispelling Formula No. 1, referred to as Respiratory Detox Shot (RDS), was developed based on a classical prescription of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the theoretical understanding of herbal properties within TCM. Therapeutic benefits of using RDS for both disease control and prevention, in the effort to contain the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), have been shown. However, the biochemically active constituents of RDS and their mechanisms of action are still unclear. The goal of the present study is to clarify the material foundation and action mechanism of RDS. To conduct an analysis of RDS, an integrative analytical platform was constructed, including target prediction, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and cluster analysis; further, the hub genes involved in the disease-related pathways were identified, and the their corresponding compounds were used for in vitro validation of molecular docking predictions. The presence of these validated compounds was also measured in samples of the RDS formula to quantify the abundance of the biochemically active constituents. In our network pharmacological study, a total of 26 bioinformatic programs and databases were used, and six networks, covering the entire Zang-fu viscera, were constructed to comprehensively analyze the intricate connections among the compounds-targets-disease pathways-meridians of RDS. For all 1071 known chemical constituents of the nine ingredients in RDS, identified from established TCM databases, 157 passed drug-likeness screening and led to 339 predicted targets in the constituent-target network. Forty-two hub genes with core regulatory effects were extracted from the PPI network, and 134 compounds and 29 crucial disease pathways were implicated in the target-constituent-disease network. Twelve disease pathways attributed to the Lung-Large Intestine meridians, with six and five attributed to the Kidney-Urinary Bladder and Stomach-Spleen meridians, respectively. One-hundred and eighteen candidate constituents showed a high binding affinity with SARS-coronavirus-2 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), as indicated by molecular docking using computational pattern recognition. The in vitro activity of 22 chemical constituents of RDS was validated using the 3CLpro inhibition assay. Finally, using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry in data-independent analysis mode, the presence of seven out of these 22 constituents was confirmed and validated in an aqueous decoction of RDS, using reference standards in both non-targeted and targeted approaches. RDS acts primarily in the Lung-Large Intestine, Kidney-Urinary Bladder and Stomach-Spleen meridians, with other Zang-fu viscera strategically covered by all nine ingredients. In the context of TCM meridian theory, the multiple components and targets of RDS contribute to RDS's dual effects of health-strengthening and pathogen-eliminating. This results in general therapeutic effects for early COVID-19 control and prevention."}, {"pmid": 32357949, "title": "Covid-19: Remdesivir is helpful but not a wonder drug, say researchers.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357949", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333494, "pmcid": "PMC7267367", "title": "Racial Variations in COVID-19 Deaths May Be Due to Androgen Receptor Genetic Variants Associated with Prostate Cancer and Androgenetic Alopecia. Are Anti-Androgens a Potential Treatment for COVID-19?", "journal": "J Cosmet Dermatol", "authors": ["McCoy, John", "Wambier, Carlos G", "Vano-Galvan, Sergio", "Shapiro, Jerry", "Sinclair, Rodney", "Muller Ramos, Paulo", "Washenik, Kenneth", "Andrade, Murilo", "Herrera, Sabina", "Goren, Andy"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333494", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409727, "pmcid": "PMC7224587", "title": "Managing hypertension during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Hum Hypertens", "authors": ["Nadar, Sunil K", "Tayebjee, Muzahir H", "Stowasser, Michael", "Byrd, James Brian"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409727", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518044, "title": "The Invisible University Is COVID-19 Positive.", "journal": "Trends Genet", "authors": ["Park, Daniel S"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518044", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Within the ivory tower of academia, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic stands to disproportionately impact the invisible workforce of postdoctoral researchers (postdocs). Faced with university closures, hiring freezes, and a general lack of support and benefits, an entire generation of postdocs and their knowledge and skills may be lost to academia without intervention."}, {"pmid": 32407741, "pmcid": "PMC7212997", "title": "Association of outdoor activity restriction and income loss with patient-reported outcomes of psoriasis during the COVID-19 pandemic: A web-based survey.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Kuang, Yehong", "Shen, Minxue", "Wang, Qiaolin", "Xiao, Yi", "Lv, Chengzhi", "Luo, Yan", "Zhu, Wu", "Chen, Xiang"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407741", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241778, "title": "Lessons from the Experience in Wuhan to Reduce Risk of COVID-19 Infection in Patients Undergoing Long-Term Hemodialysis.", "journal": "Clin J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Li, Junhua", "Xu, Gang"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241778", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32199142, "pmcid": "PMC7118594", "title": "Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with persistent negative CT findings.", "journal": "Eur J Radiol", "authors": ["Ling, Zhoukun", "Xu, Xi", "Gan, Qingxin", "Zhang, Lieguang", "Luo, Liangping", "Tang, Xiaoping", "Liu, Jinxin"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199142", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444742, "pmcid": "PMC7243221", "title": "PPE or not PPE - that is the question.", "journal": "Br Dent J", "authors": ["D'Cruz, Len"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444742", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic and healthcare workers as well as dentists are having to make every difficult decision about their responsibilities in caring for their patients. Compounding this is the shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE), which makes patient-centred care ethically more challenging. Our first response to these ethical challenges should be to start with ourselves to make sure we are safe before we think about the patients. This is not the approach we would normally adopt when treating our patients outside of a pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32354809, "pmcid": "PMC7194767", "title": "Managing patients with COVID-19 infections: a first-hand experience from the Wuhan Mobile Cabin Hospital.", "journal": "Br J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Sun, Chenyu", "Wu, Qibing", "Zhang, Chengyuan"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354809", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304737, "pmcid": "PMC7158816", "title": "Maintaining the Quality Standards of Care for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Allocca, Mariangela", "Fiorino, Gionata", "Furfaro, Federica", "Gilardi, Daniela", "Radice, Simona", "D'Amico, Ferdinando", "Zilli, Alessandra", "Danese, Silvio"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304737", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since February 20, 2020, the SARS-COV2 infection has spread in Lombardy, and in the rest of the Italian regions, forcing our government to impose a national lockdown.1 Hospitals have been forced to adapt and to restructure their units to cope with this urgent new critical situation.2 Alternative solutions have been found to manage patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including remote monitoring, drug home delivery, limitations for infusion units, and patient education on measures to prevent infection3 to maintain high-quality care.4."}, {"pmid": 32369736, "pmcid": "PMC7252168", "title": "Association of Blood Glucose Control and Outcomes in Patients with COVID-19 and Pre-existing Type 2 Diabetes.", "journal": "Cell Metab", "authors": ["Zhu, Lihua", "She, Zhi-Gang", "Cheng, Xu", "Qin, Juan-Juan", "Zhang, Xiao-Jing", "Cai, Jingjing", "Lei, Fang", "Wang, Haitao", "Xie, Jing", "Wang, Wenxin", "Li, Haomiao", "Zhang, Peng", "Song, Xiaohui", "Chen, Xi", "Xiang, Mei", "Zhang, Chaozheng", "Bai, Liangjie", "Xiang, Da", "Chen, Ming-Ming", "Liu, Yanqiong", "Yan, Youqin", "Liu, Mingyu", "Mao, Weiming", "Zou, Jinjing", "Liu, Liming", "Chen, Guohua", "Luo, Pengcheng", "Xiao, Bing", "Zhang, Changjiang", "Zhang, Zixiong", "Lu, Zhigang", "Wang, Junhai", "Lu, Haofeng", "Xia, Xigang", "Wang, Daihong", "Liao, Xiaofeng", "Peng, Gang", "Ye, Ping", "Yang, Jun", "Yuan, Yufeng", "Huang, Xiaodong", "Guo, Jiao", "Zhang, Bing-Hong", "Li, Hongliang"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369736", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major comorbidity of COVID-19. However, the impact of blood glucose (BG) control on the degree of required medical interventions and on mortality in patients with COVID-19 and T2D remains uncertain. Thus, we performed a retrospective, multi-centered study of 7,337 cases of COVID-19 in Hubei Province, China, among which 952 had pre-existing T2D. We found that subjects with T2D required more medical interventions and had a significantly higher mortality (7.8% versus 2.7%; adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.49) and multiple organ injury than the non-diabetic individuals. Further, we found that well-controlled BG (glycemic variability within 3.9 to 10.0\u00a0mmol/L) was associated with markedly lower mortality compared to individuals with poorly controlled BG (upper limit of glycemic variability exceeding 10.0\u00a0mmol/L) (adjusted HR, 0.14) during hospitalization. These findings provide clinical evidence correlating improved glycemic control with better outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and pre-existing T2D."}, {"pmid": 32363228, "pmcid": "PMC7194991", "title": "Art of prevention: Life in the time of coronavirus.", "journal": "Int J Womens Dermatol", "authors": ["Baghchechi, Mohsen", "Dunn, Jeffery", "Jaipaul, Navin", "Jacob, Sharon E"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363228", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Germany", "China", "United Kingdom", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has continued to progress since its discovery in December 2019. A cluster of patients with atypical pneumonia identified in Wuhan, China, served as the epicenter of this recent epidemic. This family of viruses is responsible for the common cold along with the infamous severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic in 2002 and Middle East respiratory syndrome in 2012. The Southern China Wholesale Market reportedly has connections to the original 27 cases in Wuhan, China. The worldwide confirmed case total has eclipsed 1,450,000, with more than 83,000 deaths. Patient presentation ranges from mild respiratory illness to acute respiratory distress syndrome and subsequent death. Early epidemiologic studies of viral spread support the hypothesis that COVID-19 can remain latent with an extended and infectious incubation period. The U.S. government has issued level 3 precautions for most international travel, along with prohibiting entry to foreign nationals traveling from China, Iran, the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, and the European Schengen area (e.g., France, Italy, Germany). Prevention remains the mainstay in treating and defeating the COVID-19 epidemic. Anyone infected or suspected of being infected should self-quarantine at home or admit themselves to a specified hospital with infrastructure to handle the situation. The combination of prevention and containment provides the best opportunity to stall the spread of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32443640, "title": "SEIR Modeling of the Italian Epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 Using Computational Swarm Intelligence.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Godio, Alberto", "Pace, Francesca", "Vergnano, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443640", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of", "Italy", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We applied a generalized SEIR epidemiological model to the recent SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in the world, with a focus on Italy and its Lombardy, Piedmont, and Veneto regions. We focused on the application of a stochastic approach in fitting the model parameters using a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) solver, to improve the reliability of predictions in the medium term (30 days). We analyzed the official data and the predicted evolution of the epidemic in the Italian regions, and we compared the results with the data and predictions of Spain and South Korea. We linked the model equations to the changes in people's mobility, with reference to Google's COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports. We discussed the effectiveness of policies taken by different regions and countries and how they have an impact on past and future infection scenarios."}, {"pmid": 32224710, "pmcid": "PMC7202109", "title": "How emergency departments prepare for virus disease outbreaks like COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Mockel, Martin", "Bachmann, Ulrike", "Behringer, Wilhelm", "Pfafflin, Frieder", "Stegemann, Miriam Songa"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224710", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464327, "pmcid": "PMC7247462", "title": "COVID-19 and Kawasaki disease in children.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Xu, Suowen", "Chen, Mingwu", "Weng, Jianping"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464327", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32200654, "pmcid": "PMC7193851", "title": "Time Kinetics of Viral Clearance and Resolution of Symptoms in Novel Coronavirus Infection.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Chang, De", "Mo, Guoxin", "Yuan, Xin", "Tao, Yi", "Peng, Xiaohua", "Wang, Fu-Sheng", "Xie, Lixin", "Sharma, Lokesh", "Dela Cruz, Charles S", "Qin, Enqiang"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32200654", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432169, "pmcid": "PMC7222613", "title": "Ophthalmology practice during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ Open Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Safadi, Khaled", "Kruger, Joshua M", "Chowers, Itay", "Solomon, Abraham", "Amer, Radgonde", "Aweidah, Hamzah", "Frenkel, Shahar", "Mechoulam, Hadas", "Anteby, Irene", "Ben Eli, Hadas", "Lavy, Itay", "Jaouni, Tarek", "Landau, David", "Tiosano, Liran", "Greifner, Gabriel", "Ofir, Shay", "Levi Vineberg, Tamar", "Levy, Jaime"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432169", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To present an established practice protocol for safe and effective hospital-setting ophthalmic practice during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Literature was reviewed to identify articles relevant to COVID-19 pandemic and ophthalmology. The following keywords were used: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 and telemedicine, combined with eye, ophthalmology, conjunctivitis and tears. Data were extracted from the identified manuscripts and discussed among subspecialists to obtain consensus evidence-based practice. A protocol for ophthalmic practice in the era of COVID-19 pandemic was established. The protocol covered patient screening, clinic flow, required personal protective equipment and modifications of ophthalmic equipment for improved safety. Important literature emerged with respect to the practice of ophthalmology in the era of COVID-19. An evidence-based ophthalmic practice protocol was established and should be modified in the future to accommodate new insights on the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32425709, "pmcid": "PMC7229960", "title": "Changes in Interventional Radiology Practice in a Tertiary Academic Center in the United States during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Cahalane, Alexis M", "Cui, Jie", "Sheridan, Robert M", "Thabet, Ashraf", "Sutphin, Patrick D", "Palmer, William E", "Hirsh, Joshua A", "Kalva, Sanjeeva P"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425709", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497292, "title": "Guillain-Barre Syndrome in a Patient with Minimal Symptoms of COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Muscle Nerve", "authors": ["Oguz-Akarsu, Emel", "Ozpar, Rifat", "Mirzayev, Haci", "Acet-Ozturk, Nilufer Aylin", "Hakyemez, Bahattin", "Ediger, Dane", "Karli, Necdet"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497292", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299988, "title": "We should err on side of caution with Covid-19 advice.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Shanthikumar, S Reuben"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299988", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327414, "title": "Covid-19: Keep essential malaria services going during pandemic, urges WHO.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Thornton, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327414", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32285942, "pmcid": "PMC7262208", "title": "Defining protective epitopes for COVID-19 vaccination models.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Cimolai, Nevio"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285942", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428085, "title": "Immunocompromised patients and coronavirus disease 2019: a review and recommendations for dental health care.", "journal": "Braz Oral Res", "authors": ["Martins-Chaves, Roberta Rayra", "Gomes, Carolina Cavalieri", "Gomez, Ricardo Santiago"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428085", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In less than four months, an unprecedented pandemic changed the world scenario, closing institutions and commerce, paralyzing sports championships, blocking frontiers, and putting almost all populations in a house quarantine regimen. Immunocompromised patients are within the high-risk group to severe outcomes from COVID-19. However, there is no clear evidence of the association between impaired immune host status and complications from SARS-CoV-2 infection so far. The virus is transmitted by inhalation or direct contact with infected secretions, and therefore the dental office is a highly susceptible environment for such transmission. Here, we review the literature and discuss immunological COVID-19 related issues. We also make suggestions for immunocompromised patients' support in this new emerging context of clinical dental practice. Until comprehensive findings are published, individuals with impaired immunity should be considered as high-risk. Cross infection control procedures for the clinical care of immunocompromised patients should follow the same guidelines that are being proposed for immunocompetent ones. However, during the active outbreak, people under immunosuppressive conditions should not receive elective procedures, even if they do not have symptoms or exposure history to COVID-19, and in case of emergence, care must be done in a separate airborne room. In the pos-pandemic phase, the dental care general recommendations should be the same for all subjects. Changes in the current guidelines have been proposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection control in order to provide the best and safe dental practice. However, they still need to be validated by future studies."}, {"pmid": 32329881, "title": "Eculizumab treatment in patients with COVID-19: preliminary results from real life ASL Napoli 2 Nord experience.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Diurno, F", "Numis, F G", "Porta, G", "Cirillo, F", "Maddaluno, S", "Ragozzino, A", "De Negri, P", "Di Gennaro, C", "Pagano, A", "Allegorico, E", "Bressy, L", "Bosso, G", "Ferrara, A", "Serra, C", "Montisci, A", "D'Amico, M", "Schiano Lo Morello, S", "Di Costanzo, G", "Tucci, A G", "Marchetti, P", "Di Vincenzo, U", "Sorrentino, I", "Casciotta, A", "Fusco, M", "Buonerba, C", "Berretta, M", "Ceccarelli, M", "Nunnari, G", "Diessa, Y", "Cicala, S", "Facchini, G"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329881", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2)-related pneumonia, referred to as COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 19), is a public health emergency as it carries high morbidity, mortality, and has no approved specific pharmacological treatments. In this case series, we aimed to report preliminary data obtained with anti-complement C5 therapy with eculizumab in COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of ASL Napoli 2 Nord. This is a case series of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV2 infection and severe pneumonia or ARDS who were treated with up to 4 infusions of eculizumab as an off-label agent. Patients were also treated with anticoagulant therapy with Enoxaparin 4000 IU/day via subcutaneous injection, antiviral therapy with Lopinavir 800 mg/day + Ritonavir 200 mg/day, hydroxychloroquine 400 mg/day, ceftriaxone 2 g/day IV, vitamine C 6 g/day for 4 days, and were on Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV). We treated four COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit because of severe pneumonia or ARDS. All patients successfully recovered after treatment with eculizumab. Eculizumab induced a drop in inflammatory markers. Mean C Reactive Protein levels dropped from 14.6 mg/dl to 3.5 mg/dl and the mean duration of the disease was 12.8 days. Eculizumab has the potential to be a key player in treatment of severe cases of COVID-19. Our results support eculizumab use as an off-label treatment of COVID-19, pending confirmation from the ongoing SOLID-C19 trial."}, {"pmid": 32251634, "pmcid": "PMC7194560", "title": "Virtual screening and repurposing of FDA approved drugs against COVID-19 main protease.", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Kandeel, Mahmoud", "Al-Nazawi, Mohammed"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251634", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) virus has emerged in Wuhan, China. In this research, the first resolved COVID-19 crystal structure (main protease) was targeted in a virtual screening study by of FDA approved drugs dataset. In addition, a knowledge gap in relations of COVID-19 with the previously known fatal Coronaviruses (CoVs) epidemics, SARS and MERS CoVs, was covered by investigation of sequence statistics and phylogenetics. Molecular modeling, virtual screening, docking, sequence comparison statistics and phylogenetics of the COVID-19 main protease were investigated. COVID-19 Mpro formed a phylogenetic group with SARS CoV that was distant from MERS CoV. The identity% was 96.061 and 51.61 for COVID-19/SARS and COVID-19/MERS CoV sequence comparisons, respectively. The top 20 drugs in the virtual screening studies comprised a broad-spectrum antiviral (ribavirin), anti-hepatitis B virus (telbivudine), two vitamins (vitamin B12 and nicotinamide) and other miscellaneous systemically acting drugs. Of special interest, ribavirin had been used in treating cases of SARS CoV. The present study provided a comprehensive targeting of the first resolved COVID+19 structure of Mpro and found a suitable save drugs for repurposing against the viral Mpro. Ribavirin, telbivudine, vitamin B12 and nicotinamide can be combined and used for COVID treatment. This initiative relocates already marketed and approved safe drugs for potential use in COVID-treatment."}, {"pmid": 32526461, "title": "A framework for identifying and mitigating the equity harms of COVID-19 policy interventions.", "journal": "J Clin Epidemiol", "authors": ["Glover, Rebecca E", "van Schalkwyk, May Ci", "Akl, Elie A", "Kristjannson, Elizabeth", "Lotfi, Tamara", "Petkovic, Jennifer", "Petticrew, Mark P", "Pottie, Kevin", "Tugwell, Peter", "Welch, Vivian"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526461", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic. Governments have implemented combinations of 'lockdown' measures of various stringencies, including school and workplace closures, cancellations of public events, and restrictions on internal and external movements. These policy interventions are an attempt to shield high risk individuals and to prevent overwhelming countries' healthcare systems, or, colloquially, 'flatten the curve'. However, these policy interventions may come with physical and psychological health harms, group and social harms, and opportunity costs. These policies may particularly affect vulnerable populations and not only exacerbate pre-existing inequities, but also generate new ones. We developed a conceptual framework to identify and categorise adverse effects of COVID-19 lockdown measures. We based our framework on Lorenc and Oliver's framework for the adverse effects of public health interventions and the PROGRESS-Plus equity framework. To test its application we purposively sampled COVID-19 policy examples from around the world and evaluated them for the potential physical, psychological, and social harms, as well as opportunity costs, in each of the PROGRESS-Plus equity domains: Place of residence, Race/ethnicity, Occupation, Gender/sex, Religion, Education, Socioeconomic status, Social capital, Plus (age, and disability). We found examples of inequitably distributed adverse effects for each COVID-19 lockdown policy example, stratified by LMIC and HIC, in every PROGRESS-Plus equity domain. We identified known policy interventions intended to mitigate some of these adverse effects. The same harms (anxiety; depression; food insecurity; loneliness; stigma; violence) appear to be repeated across many groups, and are exacerbated by several COVID-19 policy interventions. Our conceptual framework highlights the fact that COVID-19 policy interventions can generate or exacerbate interactive and multiplicative equity harms. Applying this framework can help in three ways: (1) identifying areas where a policy intervention may generate inequitable adverse effects; (2) mitigating policy and practice interventions by facilitating the systematic examination of relevant evidence; and (3) planning for lifting COVID-19 lockdowns and policy interventions around the world."}, {"pmid": 32282056, "pmcid": "PMC7262056", "title": "Maintaining Our Humanity Through the Mask: Mindful Communication During COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Schlogl, Mathias", "A Jones, Christopher"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282056", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344425, "title": "The Doctor's Dilemma: lessons from GB Shaw in a modern pandemic COVID-19.", "journal": "Pediatr Res", "authors": ["Molloy, Eleanor J"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344425", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the current COVID 19 pandemic, the only treatments are supportive as no definitive pharmacological intervention is available. The heterogeneity of the immune response in different patient groups is clear with less severe illness in children. Understanding these disparities is particularly important as severely affected patients with COVID19 cannot always be predicted before they experience a cytokine storm and multiorgan dysfunction. Over 100 years ago, the concept of individualised immunotherapy was introduced by Sir Almroth Wright and immortalised in GB Shaw's play The Doctor's Dilemma. Shaw's play The Doctor's Dilemma explores the issues of private medical practice, equality of health care delivery, rationing of scarce resources (intensive care) and high-risk therapies. The play also describes the dilemma of rationing of resources and selecting the correct patient for new experimental therapies. Immunological theories of the time are now reflected in current understanding of inflammatory responses in sepsis and immunomodulation during the COVID19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32429995, "pmcid": "PMC7235537", "title": "Israel's response to the COVID-19 pandemic: tailoring measures for vulnerable cultural minority populations.", "journal": "Int J Equity Health", "authors": ["Waitzberg, Ruth", "Davidovitch, Nadav", "Leibner, Gideon", "Penn, Nadav", "Brammli-Greenberg, Shuli"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429995", "countries": ["Israel"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Every country has vulnerable populations that require special attention from policymakers in their response to a pandemic. This is because those populations may have specific characteristics, culture and behaviours that can accelerate the spread of the virus, and they usually have less access to healthcare, particularly in times of crisis. In order to carry out a comprehensive national intervention plan, policy makers should be sensitive to the needs and lifestyles of these groups, while taking into account structural and cultural gaps.In the context of Israel, the two most prominent and well-defined minority groups are the ultra-Orthodox Jewish community and parts of the Arab population. The government was slow to recognize the unique position of these two groups, public pressure eventually led to a response that was tailored to the ultra-Orthodox community and during the month of Ramadan a similar response has been implemented among the Arab community."}, {"pmid": 32515347, "title": "Sleep quality among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Sleep Med", "authors": ["Badahdah, Abdallah M", "Khamis, Faryal", "Al Mahyijari, Nawal"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515347", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313848, "pmcid": "PMC7166005", "title": "Precision medicine in COVID-19: IL-1beta a potential target.", "journal": "JACC Basic Transl Sci", "authors": ["Parisi, Valentina", "Leosco, Dario"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313848", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348055, "title": "[COVID-19 : Intensive care management].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Krahenbuhl, Marie", "Oddo, Mauro", "Piquilloud, Lise", "Pantet, Olivier"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348055", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-coronavirus 2 disease initially reported in December 2019 in China (COVID-19) represents a major challenge for intensive care medicine, due to the high number of ICU admission and the prolonged stay for many patients. Up to 5\u2005% of COVID-19 infected patients develop severe acute hypoxemic respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation as supportive treatment. Apart from early antiviral and anti-inflammatory treatment, the management of COVID-19 patients is mainly applying protective mechanical ventilation, to support the injured lungs. However recently acquired data and clinical experience suggest that COVID-19-related ARDS presents some specificities that will be summarized in the present article."}, {"pmid": 32299985, "title": "Can cats become infected with Covid-19?", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Li, Xiangdong"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299985", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341506, "title": "Nanoscale nights of COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Nanotechnol", "authors": ["Kostarelos, Kostas"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341506", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434888, "title": "Replication of SARS-CoV-2 in human respiratory epithelium.", "journal": "J Virol", "authors": ["Milewska, Aleksandra", "Kula-Pacurar, Anna", "Wadas, Jakub", "Suder, Agnieszka", "Szczepanski, Artur", "Dabrowska, Agnieszka", "Owczarek, Katarzyna", "Marcello, Alessandro", "Ochman, Marek", "Stacel, Tomasz", "Rajfur, Zenon", "Sanak, Marek", "Labaj, Pawel", "Branicki, Wojciech", "Pyrc, Krzysztof"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434888", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, there are four seasonal coronaviruses associated with relatively mild respiratory tract disease in humans. However, there are also a plethora of animal coronaviruses, which have the potential to cross the species border. This regularly results in the emergence of new viruses in humans. In 2002 SARS-CoV emerged, to rapidly disappear in May 2003. In 2012 MERS-CoV was identified as a possible threat to humans, but its pandemic potential so far is minimal, as the human-to-human transmission is ineffective. The end of 2019 brought us information about the SARS-CoV-2 emergence, and the virus rapidly spread in 2020 causing an unprecedented pandemic.At present, the studies on the virus are carried out using a surrogate system based on the immortalized simian Vero E6 cell line. This model is convenient for diagnostics, but it has serious limitations and does not allow for the understanding of virus biology and evolution.Here we show that fully differentiated human airway epithelium cultures constitute an excellent model to study the infection with the novel human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. We observed an efficient replication of the virus in the tissue, with the maximal replication at 2 days post-infection. The virus replicated in ciliated cells and was released apically.IMPORTANCE SARS-CoV-2 emerged by the end of 2019 to rapidly spread in 2020. At present, it is of utmost importance to understand the virus biology and to rapidly assess the potential of existing drugs and develop new active compounds. While some animal models for such studies are under development, most of the research is carried out in the Vero E6 cells. Here, we propose fully differentiated human airway epithelium cultures as a model for studies on the SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32519164, "title": "Potential role for tissue factor in the pathogenesis of hypercoagulability associated with in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Bautista-Vargas, Mario", "Bonilla-Abadia, Fabio", "Canas, Carlos A"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519164", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a new and highly contagious infectious disease emerged in Wuhan, China. The etiologic agent was identified as a novel coronavirus, now known as Severe Acute Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Recent research has revealed that virus entry takes place upon the union of the virus S surface protein with the type I transmembrane metallo-carboxypeptidase, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) identified on epithelial cells of the host respiratory tract. Virus triggers the synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 and also promotes downregulation of ACE-2, which promotes a concomitant increase in levels of angiotensin II (AT-II). Both TNF-\u03b1 and AT-II have been implicated in promoting overexpression of tissue factor (TF) in platelets and macrophages. Additionally, the generation of antiphospholipid antibodies associated with COVID-19 may also promote an increase in TF. TF may be a critical mediator associated with the development of thrombotic phenomena in COVID-19, and should be a target for future study."}, {"pmid": 32496926, "title": "Advances in the use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Postgrad Med", "authors": ["Sun, JingKang", "Chen, YuTing", "Fan, XiuDe", "Wang, XiaoYun", "Han, QunYing", "Liu, ZhengWen"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496926", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading worldwide. Antiviral therapy is the most important treatment for COVID-19. Among the drugs under investigation, anti-malarials, chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), are being repurposed as treatment for COVID-19. CQ/HCQ were shown to prevent receptor recognition by coronaviruses, inhibit endosome acidification, which interferes with membrane fusion, and exhibit immunomodulatory activity. These multiple mechanisms may work together to exert a therapeutic effect on COVID-19. A number of in vitro studies revealed inhibitory effects of CQ/HCQ on various coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 although conflicting results exist. Several clinical studies showed that CQ/HCQ alone or in combination with a macrolide may alleviate the clinical symptoms of COVID-19, promote viral conversion, and delay disease progression, with less serious adverse effects. However, recent studies indicated that the use of CQ/HCQ, alone or in combination with a macrolide, did not show any favorable effect on patients with COVID-19. Adverse effects, including prolonged QT interval after taking CQ/HCQ, may develop in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, current data are not sufficient enough to support the use of CQ/HCQ as therapies for COVID-19 and increasing caution should be taken about the application of CQ/HCQ in COVID-19 before conclusive findings are obtained by well-designed, multi-center, randomized, controlled studies."}, {"pmid": 32468085, "title": "Admission chest CT score predicts 5-day outcome in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Mahdjoub, Elyas", "Mohammad, Waqaas", "Lefevre, Thomas", "Debray, Marie-Pierre", "Khalil, Antoine"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468085", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32144176, "title": "Trump claims public health warnings on covid-19 are a conspiracy against him.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32144176", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32194239, "pmcid": "PMC7264481", "title": "Transmission of COVID-19 in the terminal stages of the incubation period: A familial cluster.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Li, Peng", "Fu, Ji-Bo", "Li, Ke-Feng", "Liu, Jie-Nan", "Wang, Hong-Ling", "Liu, Lei-Jie", "Chen, Yan", "Zhang, Yong-Li", "Liu, She-Lan", "Tang, An", "Tong, Zhen-Dong", "Yan, Jian-Bo"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32194239", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a familial cluster of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to assess its potential transmission during the incubation period. The first patient in this familial cluster was identified during the presymptomatic period, as a close contact of a confirmed patient. Five family members had close contact with this first patient during his incubation period, with four of them confirmed positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the subsequent sampling tests."}, {"pmid": 32275925, "pmcid": "PMC7141460", "title": "Clinical and Imaging features of COVID-19 Patients: Analysis of Data from High-Altitude Areas.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zeng, Jie", "Peng, Shengkun", "Lei, Yu", "Huang, Jianxin", "Guo, Yang", "Zhang, Xiaoqin", "Huang, Xiaobo", "Pu, Hong", "Pan, Lingai"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275925", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32232773, "pmcid": "PMC7103894", "title": "Correction to: Practical indications for the prevention and management of SARS-CoV-2 in ambulatory dialysis patients: lessons from the first phase of the epidemics in Lombardy.", "journal": "J Nephrol", "authors": ["Rombola, Giuseppe", "Heidempergher, Marco", "Pedrini, Luciano", "Farina, Marco", "Aucella, Filippo", "Messa, Piergiorgio", "Brunori, Giuliano"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232773", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The originally published article the co-author name Marco Heidempergher incorrectly spelled as Marco Hedemperger. The correct name given below."}, {"pmid": 32473113, "pmcid": "PMC7255168", "title": "Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during the COVID-19 pandemic in Paris, France: a population-based, observational study.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Marijon, Eloi", "Karam, Nicole", "Jost, Daniel", "Perrot, David", "Frattini, Benoit", "Derkenne, Clement", "Sharifzadehgan, Ardalan", "Waldmann, Victor", "Beganton, Frankie", "Narayanan, Kumar", "Lafont, Antoine", "Bougouin, Wulfran", "Jouven, Xavier"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473113", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although mortality due to COVID-19 is, for the most part, robustly tracked, its indirect effect at the population level through lockdown, lifestyle changes, and reorganisation of health-care systems has not been evaluated. We aimed to assess the incidence and outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in an urban region during the pandemic, compared with non-pandemic periods. We did a population-based, observational study using data for non-traumatic OHCA (N=30\u2008768), systematically collected since May 15, 2011, in Paris and its suburbs, France, using the Paris Fire Brigade database, together with in-hospital data. We evaluated OHCA incidence and outcomes over a 6-week period during the pandemic in adult inhabitants of the study area. Comparing the 521 OHCAs of the pandemic period (March 16 to April 26, 2020) to the mean of the 3052 total of the same weeks in the non-pandemic period (weeks 12-17, 2012-19), the maximum weekly OHCA incidence increased from 13\u00b742 (95% CI 12\u00b777-14\u00b707) to 26\u00b764 (25\u00b772-27\u00b753) per million inhabitants (p<0\u00b70001), before returning to normal in the final weeks of the pandemic period. Although patient demographics did not change substantially during the pandemic compared with the non-pandemic period (mean age 69\u00b77 years [SD 17] vs 68\u00b75 [18], 334 males [64\u00b74%] vs 1826 [59\u00b79%]), there was a higher rate of OHCA at home (460 [90\u00b72%] vs 2336 [76\u00b78%]; p<0\u00b70001), less bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (239 [47\u00b78%] vs 1165 [63\u00b79%]; p<0\u00b70001) and shockable rhythm (46 [9\u00b72%] vs 472 [19\u00b71%]; p<0\u00b70001), and longer delays to intervention (median 10\u00b74 min [IQR 8\u00b74-13\u00b78] vs 9\u00b74 min [7\u00b79-12\u00b76]; p<0\u00b70001). The proportion of patients who had an OHCA and were admitted alive decreased from 22\u00b78% to 12\u00b78% (p<0\u00b70001) in the pandemic period. After adjustment for potential confounders, the pandemic period remained significantly associated with lower survival rate at hospital admission (odds ratio 0\u00b736, 95% CI 0\u00b724-0\u00b752; p<0\u00b70001). COVID-19 infection, confirmed or suspected, accounted for approximately a third of the increase in OHCA incidence during the pandemic. A transient two-times increase in OHCA incidence, coupled with a reduction in survival, was observed during the specified time period of the pandemic when compared with the equivalent time period in previous years with no pandemic. Although this result might be partly related to COVID-19 infections, indirect effects associated with lockdown and adjustment of health-care services to the pandemic are probable. Therefore, these factors should be taken into account when considering mortality data and public health strategies. The French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)."}, {"pmid": 32489188, "title": "[CoViD-19 and stress in the pandemic: \"sanity is not statistical\"].", "journal": "Riv Psichiatr", "authors": ["Biondi, Massimo", "Iannitelli, Angela"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489188", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "CoViD-19 pandemic is causing serious consequences on mental health, consequences that are considered that bad that World Health Organization has affirmed that mental health defence is priority in this particular moment of development of pandemic. In light of this alertness, what we are interested in approaching in this work, is the specific stress condition caused by pandemic, which underlies and precedes the described classification of diseases and which is going towards an increase in the entire world, including Italy. The stress caused by pandemic is a new condition in comparison with what is known in clinical practice and with what is included in the classification of mental disorder. The ongoing stress condition and the mixture of different types of unconventional stress, which not only hits the present but also disrupts the future, create an entirely new form of clinical condition given by pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32365043, "pmcid": "PMC7247464", "title": "Assessing the Real-Time Mental Health Challenges of COVID-19 in Individuals With Serious Mental Illnesses: Protocol for a Quantitative Study.", "journal": "JMIR Res Protoc", "authors": ["Moore, Raeanne Cristine", "Depp, Colin Andrew", "Harvey, Philip D", "Pinkham, Amy E"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365043", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused significant stress and mental health problems among the general public. However, persons at greatest risk for poor mental health outcomes, such as people with serious mental illness, have been largely overlooked. This paper presents the protocol for a study that aims to examine the mental health impact of COVID-19 and social distancing behaviors in people with serious mental illness and the behaviors undertaken to prevent COVID-19 infection in this group. Participants will include individuals with serious mental illness (eg, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder) and nonpsychiatric control participants who are currently participating in or have previously participated in several ongoing parent observational studies. Data will be collected from April 2020 through August 2020. Participants will complete phone interviews at 2 time points to assess their current emotional functioning and discuss the measures they have taken to prevent COVID-19 infection. Baseline (pre-COVID-19) mental health, sampled by ecological momentary assessment over an extended period, will be compared with current mental health, also sampled by ecological momentary assessment over an extended period. Demographic, cognitive, and psychosocial factors at baseline will be used to examine risk and resilience to current mental health and coping. The inclusion of participants for the first round of telephone assessments started on April 3, 2020 and will be completed by May 31, 2020. As of April 30, 2020, 101 individuals had completed these first-round assessments. The second round of telephone assessments will likely occur between June 1, 2020, and August 31, 2020. Study results will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals. Our findings will have broad implications for understanding the psychological consequences of COVID-19 among vulnerable persons with serious mental illness and will provide the opportunity to identify targets to reduce negative outcomes in the future. We also hope our efforts will provide a roadmap and resources for other researchers who would like to implement a similar approach. DERR1-10.2196/19203."}, {"pmid": 32463446, "title": "Familial cluster of SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with a railway journey.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Qiu, Shaofu", "Liu, Hongbo", "Li, Peng", "Jia, Hongjun", "Du, Xinying", "Liu, Hongbo", "Wang, Hui", "Yang, Mingjuan", "Wang, Ligui", "Song, Hongbin"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463446", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32368429, "pmcid": "PMC7192557", "title": "Quantifying the Impact of COVID-19 on Cancer Patients: A Technical Report of Patient Experience During the COVID-19 Pandemic at a High-volume Radiation Oncology Proton Center in New York City.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Press, Robert H", "Hasan, Shaakir", "Chhabra, Arpit M", "Choi, J Isabelle", "Simone, Charles B 2nd"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368429", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly spread across the world and now affects more people within the United States than any other country. New York City has emerged as the epicenter of the outbreak in the United States. Both locally and across the country, there is great concern in our ability to deliver appropriate medical care during this time. Radiation therapy is another essential clinical service that cannot afford to suffer prolonged delays without compromising patient outcomes. Early action and guidance are therefore critical to minimize transmission events and ensure safe and timely delivery of radiation therapy. The New York Proton Center (NYPC) is a high-volume free-standing multi-institutional proton center located in Manhattan. The purpose of this report is to describe the institutional patient experience and quantify the impact of treatment delays and interruptions over the first month of the COVID-19 outbreak. We also quantify the incidence of COVID-19 positive patients on census and provide guidance on proactive institutional policies to mitigate patient risk."}, {"pmid": 32457043, "title": "Urgency and uncertainty: covid-19, face masks, and evidence informed policy.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Martin, Graham P", "Hanna, Esmee", "Dingwall, Robert"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457043", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452889, "pmcid": "PMC7255399", "title": "Implications of Obesity for the Management of Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia.", "journal": "Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Lemyze, Malcolm", "Courageux, Nathan", "Maladobry, Thomas", "Arumadura, Clothilde", "Pauquet, Philippe", "Orfi, Annis", "Komorowski, Matthieu", "Mallat, Jihad", "Granier, Maxime"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452889", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate patients' characteristics, management, and outcomes in the critically ill population admitted to the ICU for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia causing an acute respiratory distress syndrome. Retrospective case-control study. A 34-bed ICU of a tertiary hospital. The first 44 coronavirus disease 2019 acute respiratory distress syndrome patients were compared with a historical control group of 39 consecutive acute respiratory distress syndrome patients admitted to the ICU just before the coronavirus disease 2019 crisis. None. Obesity was the most frequent comorbidity exhibited by coronavirus disease 2019 patients (n = 32, 73% vs n = 11, 28% in controls; p < 0.001). Despite the same severity of illness and level of hypoxemia at admission, coronavirus disease 2019 patients failed more high flow oxygen via nasal cannula challenges (n = 16, 100% vs n = 5, 45% in controls; p = 0.002), were more often intubated (n = 44, 100% vs n = 22, 56% in controls; p < 0.001) and paralyzed (n = 34, 77% vs n = 3, 14% in controls; p < 0.001), required higher level of positive end-expiratory pressure (15 vs 8\u2009cm H2O in controls; p < 0.001), more prone positioning (n = 33, 75% vs n = 6, 27% in controls; p < 0.001), more dialysis (n = 16, 36% vs n = 3, 8% in controls; p = 0.003), more hemodynamic support by vasopressors (n = 36, 82% vs n = 22, 56% in controls; p = 0.001), and had more often a prolonged weaning from mechanical ventilation (n = 28, 64% vs n = 10, 26% in controls; p < 0.01) resulting in a more frequent resort to tracheostomy (n = 18, 40.9% vs n = 2, 9% in controls; p = 0.01). However, an intensive management requiring more staff per patient for positioning coronavirus disease 2019 subjects (6 [5-7] vs 5 [4-5] in controls; p < 0.001) yielded the same ICU survival rate in the two groups (n = 34, 77% vs n = 29, 74% in controls; p = 0.23). In its most severe form, coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia striked preferentially the vulnerable obese population, evolved toward a multiple organ failure, required prolonged mechanical ventilatory support, and resulted in a high workload for the caregivers."}, {"pmid": 32468411, "title": "COVID-19 and Asthma: Reflection During the Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Rev Allergy Immunol", "authors": ["Liu, Shuang", "Zhi, Yuxiang", "Ying, Sun"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468411", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and abnormal, overactivated innate immunity and \"cytokine storms\" have been proposed as potential pathological mechanisms for rapid COVID-19 progression. Theoretically, asthmatic patients should have increased susceptibility and severity for SARS-CoV-2 infection due to a deficient antiviral immune response and the tendency for exacerbation elicited by common respiratory viruses. However, existing studies have not shown an expected prevalence of asthmatic individuals among COVID-19 patients. Certain aspects of type 2 immune response, including type 2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-13, etc.) and accumulation of eosinophils, might provide potential protective effects against COVID-19. Furthermore, conventional therapeutics for asthma, including inhaled corticosteroids, allergen immunotherapy (AIT), and anti-IgE monoclonal antibody, might also reduce the risks of asthmatics suffering infection of the virus through alleviating inflammation or enhancing antiviral defense. The interactions between COVID-19 and asthma deserve further attention and clarification."}, {"pmid": 32302744, "pmcid": "PMC7194671", "title": "Europe's response to COVID-19 in March and April 2020 - A letter to the editor on \"World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)\" (Int J Surg 2020;76:71-6).", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Cheng, Shuliang Oliver", "Khan, Shehryar"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302744", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275295, "pmcid": "PMC7149375", "title": "Association of Public Health Interventions With the Epidemiology of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Pan, An", "Liu, Li", "Wang, Chaolong", "Guo, Huan", "Hao, Xingjie", "Wang, Qi", "Huang, Jiao", "He, Na", "Yu, Hongjie", "Lin, Xihong", "Wei, Sheng", "Wu, Tangchun"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275295", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic, and it is unknown whether a combination of public health interventions can improve control of the outbreak. To evaluate the association of public health interventions with the epidemiological features of the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan by 5 periods according to key events and interventions. In this cohort study, individual-level data on 32\u202f583 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases reported between December 8, 2019, and March 8, 2020, were extracted from the municipal Notifiable Disease Report System, including patients' age, sex, residential location, occupation, and severity classification. Nonpharmaceutical public health interventions including cordons sanitaire, traffic restriction, social distancing, home confinement, centralized quarantine, and universal symptom survey. Rates of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infections (defined as the number of cases per day per million people), across age, sex, and geographic locations were calculated across 5 periods: December 8 to January 9 (no intervention), January 10 to 22 (massive human movement due to the Chinese New Year holiday), January 23 to February 1 (cordons sanitaire, traffic restriction and home quarantine), February 2 to 16 (centralized quarantine and treatment), and February 17 to March 8 (universal symptom survey). The effective reproduction number of SARS-CoV-2 (an indicator of secondary transmission) was also calculated over the periods. Among 32 583 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases, the median patient age was 56.7 years (range, 0-103; interquartile range, 43.4-66.8) and 16 817 (51.6%) were women. The daily confirmed case rate peaked in the third period and declined afterward across geographic regions and sex and age groups, except for children and adolescents, whose rate of confirmed cases continued to increase. The daily confirmed case rate over the whole period in local health care workers (130.5 per million people [95% CI, 123.9-137.2]) was higher than that in the general population (41.5 per million people [95% CI, 41.0-41.9]). The proportion of severe and critical cases decreased from 53.1% to 10.3% over the 5 periods. The severity risk increased with age: compared with those aged 20 to 39 years (proportion of severe and critical cases, 12.1%), elderly people (\u226580 years) had a higher risk of having severe or critical disease (proportion, 41.3%; risk ratio, 3.61 [95% CI, 3.31-3.95]) while younger people (<20 years) had a lower risk (proportion, 4.1%; risk ratio, 0.47 [95% CI, 0.31-0.70]). The effective reproduction number fluctuated above 3.0 before January 26, decreased to below 1.0 after February 6, and decreased further to less than 0.3 after March 1. A series of multifaceted public health interventions was temporally associated with improved control of the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China. These findings may inform public health policy in other countries and regions."}, {"pmid": 32479915, "pmcid": "PMC7258808", "title": "COVID 19 and laparoscopic surgeons, the Indian scenario - Perspective.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Gupta, Nikhil", "Agrawal, Himanshu"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479915", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID 19) had emerged as a global pandemic in recent times. The healthcare sector is at the epicentre of this unprecedented global pandemic challenge. Hospitals all over the world have reduced the number of non-emergency surgeries in order to utilise the staff and resources in a more efficient way. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is most transmitted via respiratory droplets, but risk of transmission is hugely increased while doing aerosol generating procedures (AGPs). Laparoscopy remains the preferred surgical approach for most surgical indications. There is theoretical possibility of generation of aerosols contaminated with COVID-19 from leaked CO2 and smoke generation after energy device use. The aim of this paper is to review available evidence evaluating the risk of spread of COVID-19 during necessary laparoscopic procedures and to compile guidelines from relevant professional organizations to minimize this risk."}, {"pmid": 32401228, "title": "Are Covid-19-positive mothers dangerous for their term and well newborn babies? Is there an answer?", "journal": "J Perinat Med", "authors": ["Stanojevic, Milan"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401228", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background The pandemic caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) is quite a challenging experience for the world. At the moment of birth, the fetus is prepared to face the challenge of labor and the exposure to the outside world, meaning that labor and birth represent the first extrauterine major exposure to a complex microbiota. The vagina, which is a canal for reproduction, is by evolution separated (but not far) from the anus and urethra. Passing through the birthing canal is a mechanism for intergenerational transmission of vaginal and gut microorganisms for the vertical transmission of microbiota not only from our mothers and grandmothers but also from earlier ancestors. Methods Many national and international instructions have been developed since the beginning of the Covid-19 outbreak in January 2020 in Wuhan in China. All of them pointed out hygiene measures, social distancing and avoidance of social contacts as the most important epidemiological preventive measures. Pregnancy and neonatal periods are considered as high risk for Covid-19 infection. Results The instructions defined the care for pregnant women in the delivery room, during a hospital stay and after discharge. The controversial procedures in the care of Covid-19-suspected or -positive asymptomatic women in labor were: mode of delivery, companion during birth and labor, skin-to-skin contact, breastfeeding, and visits during a hospital stay. Conclusion There is a hope that instruction on coping with the coronavirus (Covid-19) infection in pregnancy with all proposed interventions affecting mothers, babies and families, besides saving lives, are beneficial and efficient by exerting no harm."}, {"pmid": 32357996, "title": "Health care practitioners' responsibility to address intimate partner violence related to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Bradley, Nori L", "DiPasquale, Ashley M", "Dillabough, Kaitlyn", "Schneider, Prism S"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357996", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532430, "title": "Consensus Document of the Spanish Society of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC), the Spanish Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery (SEORL-CCC) and the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (SEDAR) on Tracheotomy in Patients with COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim", "authors": ["Martin Delgado, M C", "Aviles-Jurado, F X", "Alvarez Escudero, J", "Alvarez-Santuyano, C A", "de Haro Lopez, C", "Diaz de Cerio Canduela, P", "Ferrandis Pereperez, E", "Ferrando Ortola, C", "Ferrer Roca, R", "Hernandez Tejedor, A", "Lopez Alvarez, F", "Monedero Rodriguez, P", "Ortiz Suner, A", "Parente Arias, P", "Planas Roca, A", "Plaza Mayor, G", "Rascado Sedes, P", "Sistiaga Suarez, J A", "Vera Ching, C", "Villalonga Vadell, R", "Bernal-Sprekelsen, M"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532430", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic has rendered up to 15% of patients under mechanical ventilation. Because the subsequent tracheotomy is a frequent procedure, the three societies mostly involved (SEMICYUC, SEDAR and SEORL-CCC) have setup a consensus paper that offers an overview about indications and contraindications of tracheotomy, be it by puncture or open, clarifying its respective advantages and enumerating the ideal conditions under which they should be performed, as well as the necessary steps. Regular and emergency situations are displayed together with the postoperative measures."}, {"pmid": 32473831, "pmcid": "PMC7198136", "title": "Small bowel ischemia and SARS-CoV-2 infection: an underdiagnosed distinct clinical entity.", "journal": "Surgery", "authors": ["Ignat, Mihaela", "Philouze, Guillaume", "Aussenac-Belle, Lucie", "Faucher, Vanina", "Collange, Olivier", "Mutter, Didier", "Pessaux, Patrick"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473831", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213476, "pmcid": "PMC7101061", "title": "Digital Mental Health and COVID-19: Using Technology Today to Accelerate the Curve on Access and Quality Tomorrow.", "journal": "JMIR Ment Health", "authors": ["Torous, John", "Jan Myrick, Keris", "Rauseo-Ricupero, Natali", "Firth, Joseph"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213476", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As interest in and use of telehealth during the COVID-19 global pandemic increase, the potential of digital health to increase access and quality of mental health is becoming clear. Although the world today must \"flatten the curve\" of spread of the virus, we argue that now is the time to \"accelerate and bend the curve\" on digital health. Increased investments in digital health today will yield unprecedented access to high-quality mental health care. Focusing on personal experiences and projects from our diverse authorship team, we share selected examples of digital health innovations while acknowledging that no single piece can discuss all the impressive global efforts past and present. Exploring the success of telehealth during the present crisis and how technologies like apps can soon play a larger role, we discuss the need for workforce training, high-quality evidence, and digital equity among other factors critical for bending the curve further."}, {"pmid": 32531127, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: Beyond medical education in Brazil.", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Carvalho, Vitor Oliveira", "Conceicao, Lino Sergio Rocha", "Gois, Miburge Bolivar Jr"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531127", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505431, "title": "Neuroimmune correlates of the nervous system involvement of COVID-19: A commentary.", "journal": "J Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Yesilkaya, Umit Haluk", "Balcioglu, Yasin Hasan"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505431", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32357503, "title": "COVID-19 Deaths: Are We Sure It Is Pneumonia? Please, Autopsy, Autopsy, Autopsy!", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Pomara, Cristoforo", "Li Volti, Giovanni", "Cappello, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357503", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of COVID-19 severe respiratory disease, which started in Wuhan, China, is an ongoing challenge, and a major threat to public health that requires surveillance, prompt diagnosis, and research efforts to understand this emergent pathogen and to develop an effective response. Due to the scientific community's efforts, there is an increasing body of published studies describing the virus' biology, its transmission and diagnosis, its clinical features, its radiological findings, and the development of candidate therapeutics and vaccines. Despite the decline in postmortem examination rate, autopsy remains the gold standard to determine why and how death happens. Defining the pathophysiology of death is not only limited to forensic considerations; it may also provide useful clinical and epidemiologic insights. Selective approaches to postmortem diagnosis, such as limited postmortem sampling over full autopsy, can also be useful in the control of disease outbreaks and provide valuable knowledge for managing appropriate control measures. In this scenario, we strongly recommend performing full autopsies on patients who died with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection, particularly in the presence of several comorbidities. Only by working with a complete set of histological samples obtained through autopsy can one ascertain the exact cause(s) of death, optimize clinical management, and assist clinicians in pointing out a timely and effective treatment to reduce mortality. Death can teach us not only about the disease, it might also help with its prevention and, above all, treatment."}, {"pmid": 32335749, "pmcid": "PMC7183256", "title": "How Could This Happen? : Narrowing Down the Contagion of COVID-19 and Preventing Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).", "journal": "Acta Biotheor", "authors": ["Allaerts, Wilfried"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335749", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this rapid commentary, a mini-review is given of the present state-of-knowledge regarding the etiology and epidemiology of the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV and the risks for developing Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The available knowledge on the viral genomics, molecular biology and pathogenicity of viruses of the Coronaviridae family and other Nidovirales, forms a helpful template for understanding the present pandemic outbreak. However, important questions remain unanswered about the underlying mechanism causing the very high case fatality ratios (CFR) and mechanisms regarding severe reactions like ARDS, fatal cardiac and renal failures, associated with a number of important comorbidity factors. Immunological reactions to lung alveoles in particular (involving lung macrophages and alveolar epithelial cell damage) in late phase ARDS in SARS-like CoV diseases, so far may not have received enough attention. Finally a shortlist of questions for high priority further research is suggested."}, {"pmid": 32350632, "pmcid": "PMC7189178", "title": "Cardiovascular Risks in Patients with COVID-19: Potential Mechanisms and Areas of Uncertainty.", "journal": "Curr Cardiol Rep", "authors": ["Cheng, Paul", "Zhu, Han", "Witteles, Ronald M", "Wu, Joseph C", "Quertermous, Thomas", "Wu, Sean M", "Rhee, June-Wha"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350632", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COronaVirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread at unprecedented speed and scale into a global pandemic with cardiovascular risk factors and complications emerging as important disease modifiers. We aim to review available clinical and biomedical literature on cardiovascular risks of COVID-19. SARS-CoV2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, enters the cell via ACE2 expressed in select organs. Emerging epidemiological evidence suggest cardiovascular risk factors are associated with increased disease severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Patients with a more severe form of COVID-19 are also more likely to develop cardiac complications such as myocardial injury and arrhythmia. The true incidence of and mechanism underlying these events remain elusive. Cardiovascular diseases appear intricately linked with COVID-19, with cardiac complications contributing to the elevated morbidity/mortality of COVID-19. Robust epidemiologic and biologic studies are urgently needed to better understand the mechanism underlying these associations to develop better therapies."}, {"pmid": 32304691, "pmcid": "PMC7158836", "title": "Pregnant vs nonpregnant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and coronavirus disease 2019 hospital admissions: the first 4 weeks in New York.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Tekbali, Asma", "Grunebaum, Amos", "Saraya, Abraham", "McCullough, Laurence", "Bornstein, Eran", "Chervenak, Frank A"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304691", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482926, "pmcid": "PMC7189006", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: the emergence of a viral pathogen causing havoc on human existence.", "journal": "J Genet", "authors": ["Prasad, Ashish", "Prasad, Manoj"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482926", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 was first reported from Wuhan district of China and has spread to 210 countries across the world claiming over 97,602 human lives as on 10 April 2020 by 21:06 pm. Currently, there is no specific treatment for this virus and the treatment is mainly relied on controlling symptoms. Here we discuss our current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 with respect to its receptor recognition and how this knowledge could be useful in treatment using clinically known inhibitory drugs. We have also discussed the diagnosis, treatment and preventive measures that are currently being employed for controlling further spread of the virus."}, {"pmid": 32352917, "title": "Radiological approach to COVID-19 pneumonia with an emphasis on chest CT.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Guneyli, Serkan", "Atceken, Zeynep", "Dogan, Hakan", "Altinmakas, Emre", "Atasoy, Kayhan Cetin"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352917", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has recently become a worldwide outbreak with several millions of people infected and more than 160.000 deaths. A fast and accurate diagnosis in this outbreak is critical to isolate and treat patients. Radiology plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of the patients. Among various imaging modalities, chest CT has received attention with its higher sensitivity and specificity rates. Shortcomings of the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test, including inappropriate sample collection and analysis methods, initial false negative results, and limited availability has led to widespread use of chest CT in the diagnostic algorithm. This review summarizes the role of radiology in COVID-19 pneumonia, diagnostic accuracy of imaging, and chest CT findings of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32382223, "pmcid": "PMC7202263", "title": "The Materials Genome and COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JOM (1989)", "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382223", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384516, "title": "Novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19): A case report and review of treatments.", "journal": "Medicine (Baltimore)", "authors": ["Douedi, Steven", "Miskoff, Jeffrey"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384516", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an enveloped, non-segmented positive-sense RNA virus belonging to the beta-coronaviridae family. This virus is known to cause severe bilateral pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) which can lead to difficulty breathing requiring mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit management. A 77-year-old female with a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia who presented as a transfer to our hospital facility with worsening fevers, cough, and respiratory distress. Chest X-rays revealed bilateral infiltrates worse at the lung bases and CT scan of the chest showed bilateral ground-glass opacities consistent with COVID-19. While our testing revealed a negative COVID-19 result at our institution, the result at a previous hospital returned a positive result. She was being treated aggressively in the intensive care unit with high dose intravenous ascorbic acid, hydroxychloroquine, and anti-interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody. She also received a loading dose of remdesivir however was unable to complete the course due to organ failure and requirement of vasopressors for hemodynamic stability. She remained critically ill and was eventually placed on comfort care as per the family's wishes and passed away. With a rapidly growing death rate and more than 200,000 confirmed cases worldwide, COVID-19 has become a global pandemic and major hit to our healthcare systems. While several companies have already begun vaccine trials and healthcare facilities have been using a wide-range of medications to treat the virus and symptoms, there is not yet an approved medication regimen for COVID-19 infections. The alarming increase in cases per day adds additional pressure to find a cure and decrease the global health burden and mortality rate."}, {"pmid": 32358232, "pmcid": "PMC7217129", "title": "Advanced Pulmonary and Cardiac Support of COVID-19 Patients: Emerging Recommendations From ASAIO-A \"Living Working Document\".", "journal": "ASAIO J", "authors": ["Rajagopal, Keshava", "Keller, Steven P", "Akkanti, Bindu", "Bime, Christian", "Loyalka, Pranav", "Cheema, Faisal H", "Zwischenberger, Joseph B", "El Banayosy, Aly", "Pappalardo, Federico", "Slaughter, Mark S", "Slepian, Marvin J"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358232", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 is an emerging viral pathogen responsible for the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID)-19 pandemic resulting in significant human morbidity and mortality. Based on preliminary clinical reports, hypoxic respiratory failure complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome is the leading cause of death. Further, septic shock, late-onset cardiac dysfunction, and multiorgan system failure are also described as contributors to overall mortality. Although extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and other modalities of mechanical cardiopulmonary support are increasingly being utilized in the treatment of respiratory and circulatory failure refractory to conventional management, their role and efficacy as support modalities in the present pandemic are unclear. We review the rapidly changing epidemiology, pathophysiology, emerging therapy, and clinical outcomes of COVID-19; and based on these data and previous experience with artificial cardiopulmonary support strategies, particularly in the setting of infectious diseases, provide consensus recommendations from ASAIO. Of note, this is a \"living document,\" which will be updated periodically, as additional information and understanding emerges."}, {"pmid": 32309796, "pmcid": "PMC7158945", "title": "Early epidemiological analysis of the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak based on crowdsourced data: a population-level observational study.", "journal": "Lancet Digit Health", "authors": ["Sun, Kaiyuan", "Chen, Jenny", "Viboud, Cecile"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32309796", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) progresses, epidemiological data are needed to guide situational awareness and intervention strategies. Here we describe efforts to compile and disseminate epidemiological information on COVID-19 from news media and social networks. In this population-level observational study, we searched DXY.cn, a health-care-oriented social network that is currently streaming news reports on COVID-19 from local and national Chinese health agencies. We compiled a list of individual patients with COVID-19 and daily province-level case counts between Jan 13 and Jan 31, 2020, in China. We also compiled a list of internationally exported cases of COVID-19 from global news media sources (Kyodo News, The Straits Times, and CNN), national governments, and health authorities. We assessed trends in the epidemiology of COVID-19 and studied the outbreak progression across China, assessing delays between symptom onset, seeking care at a hospital or clinic, and reporting, before and after Jan 18, 2020, as awareness of the outbreak increased. All data were made publicly available in real time. We collected data for 507 patients with COVID-19 reported between Jan 13 and Jan 31, 2020, including 364 from mainland China and 143 from outside of China. 281 (55%) patients were male and the median age was 46 years (IQR 35-60). Few patients (13 [3%]) were younger than 15 years and the age profile of Chinese patients adjusted for baseline demographics confirmed a deficit of infections among children. Across the analysed period, delays between symptom onset and seeking care at a hospital or clinic were longer in Hubei province than in other provinces in mainland China and internationally. In mainland China, these delays decreased from 5 days before Jan 18, 2020, to 2 days thereafter until Jan 31, 2020 (p=0\u00b70009). Although our sample captures only 507 (5\u00b72%) of 9826 patients with COVID-19 reported by official sources during the analysed period, our data align with an official report published by Chinese authorities on Jan 28, 2020. News reports and social media can help reconstruct the progression of an outbreak and provide detailed patient-level data in the context of a health emergency. The availability of a central physician-oriented social network facilitated the compilation of publicly available COVID-19 data in China. As the outbreak progresses, social media and news reports will probably capture a diminishing fraction of COVID-19 cases globally due to reporting fatigue and overwhelmed health-care systems. In the early stages of an outbreak, availability of public datasets is important to encourage analytical efforts by independent teams and provide robust evidence to guide interventions. Fogarty International Center, US National Institutes of Health."}, {"pmid": 32521463, "title": "Managing common endocrine disorders amid COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Pal, Rimesh", "Bhadada, Sanjay K"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521463", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and the resulting nationwide lockdowns have posed a major challenge to the management of pre-existing and newly diagnosed endocrine disorders. Herein, we have summarized the management approaches of common endocrine disorders amid the ongoing pandemic. We have performed an extensive literature search for articles in PubMed, EMBASE and Google Scholar databases till 25 May 2020, with the following keywords: \"COVID-19\", \"diabetes mellitus\", \"thyroid disorders\", \"primary adrenal insufficiency\", \"Cushing's syndrome\", \"pituitary tumors\", \"vitamin D\u2033\", \"osteoporosis\", \"primary hyperparathyroidism\", \"hypoparathyroidism\", \"management\", \"treatment\" and \"guidelines\" with interposition of the Boolean operator \"AND\". We have summarized the most feasible strategies for the management of diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, primary adrenal insufficiency (including congenital adrenal hyperplasia), Cushing's syndrome, pituitary tumors, osteoporosis, primary hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism amid the constraints laid down by the raging pandemic. In general, medical management should be encouraged and surgical interventions should be deferred whenever possible. Ongoing medications should be continued. Sick-day rules should be sincerely adhered to. Regular contact with physicians can be maintained through teleconsultations and virtual clinics. Considering the burden of endocrine disorders in the general population, their management needs to be prioritized amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32251546, "title": "Triage considerations for patients referred for structural heart disease intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic: An ACC/SCAI position statement.", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Shah, Pinak B", "Welt, Frederick G P", "Mahmud, Ehtisham", "Phillips, Alistair", "Kleiman, Neal S", "Young, Michael N", "Sherwood, Matthew", "Batchelor, Wayne", "Wang, Dee Dee", "Davidson, Laura", "Wyman, Janet", "Kadavath, Sabeeda", "Szerlip, Molly", "Hermiller, James", "Fullerton, David", "Anwaruddin, Saif"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251546", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has strained health care resources around the world, causing many institutions to curtail or stop elective procedures. This has resulted in an inability to care for patients with valvular and structural heart disease in a timely fashion, potentially placing these patients at increased risk for adverse cardiovascular complications, including CHF and death. The effective triage of these patients has become challenging in the current environment, as clinicians have had to weigh the risk of bringing susceptible patients into the hospital environment during the COVID-19 pandemic against the risk of delaying a needed procedure. In this document, the authors suggest guidelines for how to triage patients in need of structural heart disease interventions and provide a framework for how to decide when it may be appropriate to proceed with intervention despite the ongoing pandemic. In particular, the authors address the triage of patients in need of transcatheter aortic valve replacement and percutaneous mitral valve repair. The authors also address procedural issues and considerations for the function of structural heart disease teams during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32366279, "pmcid": "PMC7197362", "title": "Genetic alteration, RNA expression, and DNA methylation profiling of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) receptor ACE2 in malignancies: a pan-cancer analysis.", "journal": "J Hematol Oncol", "authors": ["Chai, Peiwei", "Yu, Jie", "Ge, Shengfang", "Jia, Renbing", "Fan, Xianqun"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366279", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is an emerging causative agent that was first described in late December 2019 and causes a severe respiratory infection in humans. Notably, many of affected patients of COVID-19 were people with malignancies. Moreover, cancer has been identified as an individual risk factor for COVID-19. In addition, the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor of COVID-19, were aberrantly expressed in many tumors. However, a systematic analysis of ACE2 aberration remained to be elucidated in human cancers. Here, we analyzed genetic alteration, RNA expression, and DNA methylation of ACE2 across over 30 tumors. Notably, overexpression of ACE2 have been observed in including colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD), rectum adenocarcinoma (READ), stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). In addition, hypo DNA methylation of ACE2 has also been identified in most of these ACE2 highly expressed tumors. Conclusively, our study for the first time curated both genetic and epigenetic variations of ACE2 in human malignancies. Notably, because our study is a bioinformatics assay, further functional and clinical validation is warranted."}, {"pmid": 32196083, "pmcid": "PMC7184499", "title": "COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.", "journal": "J Antimicrob Chemother", "authors": ["Zhou, Dan", "Dai, Sheng-Ming", "Tong, Qiang"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196083", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2, has swept across 31 provinces in China and over 40 countries worldwide. The transition from first symptoms to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is highly likely to be due to uncontrolled cytokine release. There is an urgent need to identify safe and effective drugs for treatment. Chloroquine (CQ) exhibits a promising inhibitory effect. However, the clinical use of CQ can cause severe side effects. We propose that hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), which exhibits an antiviral effect highly similar to that of CQ, could serve as a better therapeutic approach. HCQ is likely to attenuate the severe progression of COVID-19, inhibiting the cytokine storm by suppressing T cell activation. It has a safer clinical profile and is suitable for those who are pregnant. It is cheaper and more readily available in China. We herein strongly urge that clinical trials are performed to assess the preventive effects of HCQ in both disease infection and progression."}, {"pmid": 32179150, "pmcid": "PMC7102624", "title": "Teicoplanin: an alternative drug for the treatment of COVID-19?", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Baron, Sophie Alexandra", "Devaux, Christian", "Colson, Philippe", "Raoult, Didier", "Rolain, Jean-Marc"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179150", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged from China causing pneumonia outbreaks, first in the Wuhan region of China and then spread worldwide because of its probable high transmission efficiency. Owing to the lack of efficient and specific treatments and the need to contain the epidemic, drug repurposing appears to be the best tool to find a therapeutic solution. Chloroquine, remdesivir, lopinavir, ribavirin and ritonavir have shown efficacy to inhibit coronavirus in vitro. Teicoplanin, an antibiotic used to treat staphylococcal infections, previously showed efficacy to inhibit the first stage of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) viral life cycle in human cells. This activity is conserved against SARS-Cov-2, thus placing teicoplanin as a potential treatment for patients with this virus."}, {"pmid": 32504061, "pmcid": "PMC7274045", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactivity in healthy donors.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["van der Heide, Verena"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504061", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32248575, "title": "Natural products and their derivatives against coronavirus: A review of the non-clinical and pre-clinical data.", "journal": "Phytother Res", "authors": ["Islam, Muhammad T", "Sarkar, Chandan", "El-Kersh, Dina M", "Jamaddar, Sarmin", "Uddin, Shaikh J", "Shilpi, Jamil A", "Mubarak, Mohammad S"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32248575", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several corona viral infections have created serious threats in the last couple of decades claiming the death of thousands of human beings. Recently, corona viral epidemic raised the issue of developing effective antiviral agents at the earliest to prevent further losses. Natural products have always played a crucial role in drug development process against various diseases, which resulted in screening of such agents to combat emergent mutants of corona virus. This review focuses on those natural compounds that showed promising results against corona viruses. Although inhibition of viral replication is often considered as a general mechanism for antiviral activity of most of the natural products, studies have shown that some natural products can interact with key viral proteins that are associated with virulence. In this context, some of the natural products have antiviral activity in the nanomolar concentration (e.g., lycorine, homoharringtonine, silvestrol, ouabain, tylophorine, and 7-methoxycryptopleurine) and could be leads for further drug development on their own or as a template for drug design. In addition, a good number of natural products with anti-corona virus activity are the major constituents of some common dietary supplements, which can be exploited to improve the immunity of the general population in certain epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32472601, "title": "Asymptomatic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and implications for mass gatherings.", "journal": "Influenza Other Respir Viruses", "authors": ["Wong, Justin", "Jamaludin, Sirajul Adli", "Alikhan, Mohammad Fathi", "Chaw, Liling"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472601", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391411, "pmcid": "PMC7206440", "title": "Survey data of COVID-19-related Knowledge, Risk Perceptions and Precautionary Behavior among Nigerians.", "journal": "Data Brief", "authors": ["Olapegba, Peter O", "Ayandele, Olusola"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391411", "countries": ["Nigeria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the global call for strategic information to understand the novel coronavirus, the dataset presented in this paper is an examination of COVID-19-related knowledge, risk perceptions and precautionary health behavior among Nigerians. The data were generated during the COVID-19 lockdown in the country through a survey distributed via an online questionnaire, assessing socio-demographic information (7 items), knowledge (5 items), information sources (1 item), risk perception (9 items), expected end of lockdown (1 item), and COVID-19 precautionary health behavior (10 items), from 28th March to 4th April, 2020, gathering a total of 1,357 responses. A combination of purposive and snowball techniques helped to select the respondents via Whatsapp and Facebook from 180 cities/towns in the 6 geopolitical zones of Nigeria. The survey data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The entire dataset is stored in a Microsoft Excel Worksheet (xlsx) and the questionnaire is attached as a supplementary file. The data will assist in curbing the Coronavirus pandemic by offering evidence for strategic and targeted interventions as well as health policy formulations and implementation."}, {"pmid": 32420931, "title": "Covid-19 pandemic impact on mental health: a web-based cross-sectional survey on a sample of Italian general practitioners.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Amerio, Andrea", "Bianchi, Davide", "Santi, Francesca", "Costantini, Luigi", "Odone, Anna", "Signorelli, Carlo", "Costanza, Alessandra", "Serafini, Gianluca", "Amore, Mario", "Aguglia, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420931", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the World Health Organization declared the new 2019 coronavirus disease (Covid-19) outbreak first a Public Health Emergency of International Concern and then a pandemic, Italy held more than 195.350 cases and 26.380 deaths. Working in the frontline with suspected Covid-19 infection patients, general practitioners (GPs) are daily under both physical and psychological pressure.\u00a0 Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey was carried out on italian GPs working in Genoa (Italy), to assess the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on mental health. The survey was anonymous and a free Google Forms\u00ae software was used. One hundred thirty-one GPs completed the survey. Compared to GPs with absent or mild depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 < 10), GPs reporting moderate to severe depressive symptoms (N=30, 22.9%; PHQ-9 \u2265 10) reported more helplessness (96.7% vs. 79.2%, p=.025), spent more than three hours searching for COVID-19 information (43.3% vs. 19.8%, p=.024), perceived less adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) (6.7% vs. 23.8%, p=.049) and visited more COVID-19 infected patients (16.63 \u00b1 27.30 vs. 9.52 \u00b1 11.75, p=.041). Moreover, PHQ-9 \u2265 10 GPs reported a significant higher severity for both anxiety and insomnia (13.43 \u00b1 4.96 vs. 4.88 \u00b1 3.53 and 11.60 \u00b1 5.53 vs. 4.84 \u00b1 3.81, respectively; p<.001), and a worse quality of life in both mental (34.60 \u00b1 7.45 vs. 46.01 \u00b1 7.83, p<.001) and physical (43.50 \u00b1 9.37 vs. 52.94 \u00b1 4.78, p<.001) component summary. Our results give early insight into the urgent need to provide continuity of care for patients at the community-level, adequate PPE to GPs and a clear guidance from public health institutions. A precarious healthcare system both at a national and regional level might have triggered negative mental health outcomes in Italian GPs."}, {"pmid": 32518152, "title": "Analyzing 2,589 child neurology telehealth encounters necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Rametta, Salvatore C", "Fridinger, Sara E", "Gonzalez, Alexander K", "Xian, Julie", "Galer, Peter D", "Kaufman, Michael", "Prelack, Marisa S", "Sharif, Uzma", "Fitzgerald, Mark P", "Melamed, Susan E", "Malcolm, Marissa P", "Kessler, Sudha Kilaru", "Stephenson, Donna J", "Banwell, Brenda L", "Abend, Nicholas S", "Helbig, Ingo"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518152", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess the rapid implementation of child neurology telehealth outpatient care with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. This was a cohort study with retrospective comparison of 14,780 in-person encounters and 2,589 telehealth encounters including 2,093 audio-video telemedicine and 496 scheduled telephone encounters between 10/1/19 and 4/24/2020. We compared in-person and telehealth encounters for patient demographics and diagnoses. For audio-video telemedicine encounters, we analyzed questionnaire responses addressing provider experience, follow-up plans, technical quality, need for in-person assessment, and parent/caregiver satisfaction. We performed manual reviews of encounters flagged as concerning by providers. There were no differences in patient age and major ICD10 codes before and after transition. Clinicians considered telemedicine satisfactory in 93% (1200/1286) of encounters and suggested telemedicine as a component for follow-up care in 89% (1144/1286) of encounters. Technical challenges were reported in 40% (519/1314) of encounters. In-person assessment was considered warranted following 5% (65/1285) of encounters. Patients/caregivers indicated interest in telemedicine for future care in 86% (187/217) of encounters. Participation in telemedicine encounters compared to telephone encounters was less frequent amongst patients in racial or ethnic minority groups. We effectively converted most of our outpatient care to telehealth encounters, including mostly audio-video telemedicine encounters. Providers rated the vast majority of telemedicine encounters to be satisfactory, and only a small proportion of encounters required short-term in-person follow-up. These findings suggest telemedicine is feasible and effective for a large proportion of child neurology care. Additional strategies are needed to ensure equitable telemedicine utilization."}, {"pmid": 32478289, "pmcid": "PMC7251277", "title": "The origin of SARS-CoV-2 in Istanbul: Sequencing findings from the epicenter of the pandemic in Turkey.", "journal": "North Clin Istanb", "authors": ["Karacan, Ilker", "Akgun, Tugba Kizilboga", "Agaoglu, N Bugra", "Irvem, Arzu", "Alkurt, Gizem", "Yildiz, Jale", "Kose, Betsi", "Ozel, A Serra", "Altunal, L Nilsun", "Can, Nisan Denizce", "Demirkol, Yasemin Kendir", "Aydin, Mehtap", "Dogan, Ozlem Akgun", "Doganay, Levent", "Doganay, Gizem Dinler"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478289", "countries": ["China", "Turkey"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Turkey is one of the latest countries that COVID-19 disease was reported, with the first case on March 11, 2020, and since then, Istanbul became the epicenter of the pandemic in Turkey. Here, we reveal sequences of the virus isolated from three different patients with various clinical presentations. Nasopharyngeal swab specimens of the patients were tested positive for the COVID-19 by qRT-PCR. Viral RNA extraction was performed from the same swab samples. Amplicon based libraries were prepared and sequenced using the Illumina NextSeq platform. Raw sequencing data were processed for variant calling and generating near-complete genome sequences. All three genomes were evaluated and compared with other worldwide isolates. The patients showed various clinics (an asymptomatic patient, patient with mild disease, and with severe pulmonary infiltration). Amplicon-based next-generation sequencing approach successfully applied to generate near-complete genomes with an average depth of 2.616. All three viral genomes carried the D614G variant (G clade according to GISAID classification) with implications for the origin of a spread first through China to Europe then to Istanbul. Here, we report the viral genomes circulating in Istanbul for the first time. Further sequencing of the virus isolates may enable us to understand variations in disease presentation and association with viral factors if there is any. In addition, the sequencing of more viral genomes will delineate the spread of disease and will guide and ease the necessary measures taken to stem the spread of the novel coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32317217, "pmcid": "PMC7158784", "title": "Role of thymopoiesis and inflamm-aging in COVID-19 phenotype.", "journal": "Pediatr Neonatol", "authors": ["Scarpa, Raffaele", "Costa, Luisa", "Del Puente, Antonio", "Caso, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317217", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324956, "pmcid": "PMC7264541", "title": "How should we treat pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "BJOG", "authors": ["Faure-Bardon, V", "Salomon, L J", "Leruez-Ville, M", "Ville, Y"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324956", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458475, "title": "Ratcheting down the virulence of SARS-CoV-2 in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Brufsky, Adam", "Lotze, Michael T"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458475", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510035, "pmcid": "PMC7195897.2", "title": "Remembering people with dementia during the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "HRB Open Res", "authors": ["O'Shea, Eamon"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510035", "countries": ["Ireland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This letter argues that we need to pay particular attention to people with dementia during this difficult time\u00a0of the COVID-19 pandemic. Social distancing rules and cocooning for people aged 70 years and over are now\u00a0in place in Ireland to slow down the rate of infection and protect vulnerable older people.\u00a0 This letter argues\u00a0that we need, more than ever, to assert the personhood of people with dementia at this difficult time. That means more person-centred care and\u00a0practical support structures for family carers to allow them to continue to care at home in a safe and life-enhancing way. New public broadcasting initiatives\u00a0could create information and communication channels for people with dementia and their carers, as well as\u00a0demonstrating\u00a0empathy and solidarity\u00a0with their predicament. Government, the Department of Health, the HSE and the voluntary sector have risen\u00a0to the challenge of COVID-19 in all sectors of society. So too have ordinary citizens. Now we\u00a0need to unite\u00a0even more to create\u00a0an\u00a0unyielding\u00a0commitment and adherence\u00a0to the principles of \u00a0decency, justice \u00a0and equity in the allocation of scarce\u00a0 health and social care resources.\u00a0By doing this, we will demonstrate\u00a0our caring potential and capacity\u00a0in a way that reflects our shared humanity, not only in the current crisis, but into the future."}, {"pmid": 32357086, "title": "Evaluating a Nurse Training Program in the Emergency Surgery Department Based on the Kirkpatrick's Model and Clinical Demand During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Li, Zheying", "Cheng, Jing", "Zhou, Ting", "Wang, Sa", "Huang, Sufang", "Wang, Hui"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357086", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                        Objective:\n                    To analyze the application of Kirkpatrick's model in the nurse training program among the emergency surgery department based on clinical demand during the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019). To provide reference for the training of emergency surgical nurses during the outbreak of COVID-19.\n                        Design:\n                    Guided by Kirkpatrick's model, 35 nurses in the emergency surgery department were trained according to a program that resulted from the clinical demand during the pandemic. The trainees were observed in terms of their performance at reaction level and learning level.\n                        Results:\n                    At reaction level, the degree of satisfaction scored by nurses was relatively high, with its total score achieving (18.77\u2009\u00b1\u20093.09). At learning level, the differences between theoretical and operational scores of tested nurses before and after training proved to be statistically significant (p < 0.001).\n                        Conclusion:\n                    The application of Kirkpatrick's model based on clinical demand during the COVID-19 confirms to be effective for the training program of nurses in the emergency surgery department. It is also beneficial to improve nurses' knowledge and skills during the pandemic, which serves as a positive influence for clinical reference."}, {"pmid": 32423974, "title": "COVID-19 and Rheumatology patients on immunomodulatory therapy - can we extrapolate data from previous viral pandemics?", "journal": "J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Jethwa, Hannah", "Sullivan, Ann", "Abraham, Sonya"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423974", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The implications of COVID-19 are wide-ranging for specialties, like Rheumatology, where immunomodulatory therapies are prescribed, and there has been much trepidation amongst many healthcare professionals regarding the best course of management during this time. This pandemic has also left many national policy-makers perplexed due to our limited knowledge of the effects of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic disease. Such limitations have resulted in variable evolving guidance amongst Rheumatologists around the globe."}, {"pmid": 32488522, "pmcid": "PMC7264960", "title": "Risk of neuropsychiatric disorders in offspring of COVID-19-infected pregnant women and nutritional intervention.", "journal": "Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Hashimoto, Kenji"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488522", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32157847, "title": "[How to understand the histopathology of SARS and coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome].", "journal": "Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, J"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32157847", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501876, "title": "Implications of COVID-19 for the busy gastroenterologist.", "journal": "Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Ferreira-Silva, Joel", "Peixoto, Armando", "Rodrigues-Pinto, Eduardo", "Macedo, Guilherme"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501876", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infection caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) originated in China in December 2020 and declared pandemic by WHO. This coronavirus mainly spreads through the respiratory tract and enters cells through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The clinical symptoms of COVID-19 patients include fever, cough, and fatigue. Gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea, anorexia, and vomiting) may be present in 50% of patients and may be associated with worst prognosis. Other risk factors are older age, male gender, and underlying chronic diseases. Mitigation measures are essential to reduce the number of people infected. Hospitals are a place of increased SARS-CoV-2 exposure. This has implications in the organization of healthcare services and specifically endoscopy departments. Patients and healthcare workers safety must be optimized in this new reality. Comprehension of COVID-19 gastrointestinal manifestations and implications of SARS-CoV-2 in the management of patients with gastrointestinal diseases, under or not immunosuppressant therapies, is essential. In this review, we summarized the latest research progress and major societies recommendations regarding the implications of COVID-19 in gastroenterology, namely the adaptations that gastroenterology/endoscopy departments and professionals must do in order to optimize the provided assistance, as well as the implications that this infection will have, in particularly vulnerable patients such as those with chronic liver disease and inflammatory bowel disease under or not immunosuppressant therapies."}, {"pmid": 32390402, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and Eosinophilia.", "journal": "Clin Lab", "authors": ["Mungmunpuntipantip, Rujittika", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390402", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421479, "title": "Update to device-related pressure ulcers: SECURE prevention. COVID-19, face masks and skin damage.", "journal": "J Wound Care", "authors": ["Gefen, Amit", "Ousey, Karen"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421479", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has brought the effects of device-related pressure ulcers (DRPU) into sharp focus. With the increased use of personal protective equipment (PPE), including face masks, continuous positive airway pressure (CAPP) masks and other devices, the incidence of DRPUs among health professionals and patients alike has risen starkly. As such, the Journal of Wound Care (JWC) consensus document, Device-related pressure ulcers: SECURE prevention, published in February 2020, is more relevant than ever. To help support patients and frontline health professionals, JWC is republishing the consensus in a digital format, along with a new introductory article outlining the DRPU risks posed by PPE and other medical devices used by patients and health professionals during the pandemic, and how the skin damage can be avoided. The aim is to provide frontline staff with a clear, simple strategy on how to prevent the risk of personal skin damage and/or DRPU during the pandemic, as well as point them in the direction of more indepth guidance on long-term strategies for prevention, for both themselves and patients."}, {"pmid": 32283241, "pmcid": "PMC7151252", "title": "Reply to: \"Biologics for psoriasis during COVID-19 outbreak\".", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Murrell, Dedee F", "Rivera-Oyola, Ryan", "Lebwohl, Mark"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283241", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295707, "pmcid": "PMC7134973", "title": "Fast and simple high-throughput testing of COVID 19.", "journal": "Dent Mater", "authors": ["Durner, Jurgen", "Burggraf, Siegfried", "Czibere, Ludwig", "Fleige, Tobias", "Madejska, Arleta", "Watts, David C", "Krieg-Schneider, Frank", "Becker, Marc"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295707", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32145323, "pmcid": "PMC7124368", "title": "Understanding the emerging coronavirus: what it means for health security and infection prevention.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Peters, A", "Vetter, P", "Guitart, C", "Lotfinejad, N", "Pittet, D"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145323", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328757, "pmcid": "PMC7179379", "title": "Guidance for anti-VEGF intravitreal injections during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Korobelnik, Jean-Francois", "Loewenstein, Anat", "Eldem, Bora", "Joussen, Antonia M", "Koh, Adrian", "Lambrou, George N", "Lanzetta, Paolo", "Li, Xiaoxin", "Lovestam-Adrian, Monica", "Navarro, Rafael", "Okada, Annabelle A", "Pearce, Ian", "Rodriguez, Francisco J", "Wong, David T", "Wu, Lihteh"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328757", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is an urgent need to address how to best provide ophthalmic care for patients with retinal disease receiving intravitreal injections with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents during the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic. This article provides guidance for ophthalmologists on how to deliver the best possible care for patients while minimizing the risk of infection. The Vision Academy's Steering Committee of international retinal disease experts convened to discuss key considerations for managing patients with retinal disease during the COVID-19 pandemic. After reviewing the existing literature on the issue, members put forward recommendations that were systematically refined and voted on to develop this guidance. The considerations focus on the implementation of steps to minimize the exposure of patients and healthcare staff to COVID-19. These include the use of personal protective equipment, adherence to scrupulous hygiene and disinfection protocols, pre-screening to identify symptomatic patients, and reducing the number of people in waiting rooms. Other important measures include triaging of patients to identify those at the greatest risk of irreversible vision loss and prioritization of treatment visits over monitoring visits where possible. In order to limit patient exposure, ophthalmologists should refrain from using treatment regimens that require frequent monitoring. Management of patients with retinal disease receiving intravitreal injections during the COVID-19 pandemic will require adjustment to regular clinical practice to minimize the risk of exposure of patients and healthcare staff, and to prioritize those with the greatest medical need. The safety of patients and healthcare staff should be of paramount importance in all decision-making."}, {"pmid": 32461246, "title": "Care homes after covid-19: the government needs a plan.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Martin, Finbarr C"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461246", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32047314, "title": "As coronavirus spreads, the time to think about the next epidemic is now.", "journal": "Nature", "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32047314", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361285, "pmcid": "PMC7194987", "title": "Comparing the analytical performance of three SARS-CoV-2 molecular diagnostic assays.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Uhteg, Katharine", "Jarrett, Junko", "Richards, Mahmia", "Howard, Craig", "Morehead, Elizabeth", "Geahr, Melissa", "Gluck, Linda", "Hanlon, Ann", "Ellis, Brandon", "Kaur, Harsimar", "Simner, Patricia", "Carroll, Karen C", "Mostafa, Heba H"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361285", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was first isolated from Wuhan city, China and within three months, the global community was challenged with a devastating pandemic. The rapid spread of the virus challenged diagnostic laboratories to rapidly develop molecular diagnostic methods. As SARS CoV-2 assays became available for testing on existing molecular platforms, laboratories devoted unprecedented energy and resources into evaluating the analytical performance of the new tests and in some cases developed their own diagnostic assays under FDA-EUA guidance. This study compares the validation of three different molecular assays at the Johns Hopkins Molecular Virology laboratory: the RealStar\u00ae SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR, ePlex\u00ae SARS-CoV-2, and the CDC COVID-19 RT-PCR tests. Overall, our studies indicate a comparable analytical performance of the three assays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32374545, "title": "[Computed tomography (CT) utility for diagnosis and triage during COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Kherad, Omar", "Moret Bochatay, Mallory", "Fumeaux, Thierry"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374545", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The nasopharyngeal smear with PCR analysis is the first diagnostic test proposed to confirm infection with COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2. However, its usefulness in emergency centers is limited due to its imperfect sensitivity (56-83\u2005%), limited availability and the time required to obtain results. For this reason, the chest CT-scan has been proposed as a rapid triage tool for diagnosis in these suspect Covid-19 patients. However, its specificity is limited, exposing to the risk of over-diagnosis, and further data are needed to confirm its usefulness, and to highlight the possible prognostic value of the CT, in detecting early lesions associated with poor outcome, indicating the need for admission to intensive care."}, {"pmid": 32303025, "title": "Crisis Psychodrama in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychiatr Danub", "authors": ["Mindoljevic Drakulic, Aleksandra", "Radman, Vivijana"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303025", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This work gives an overview of the methods of scenic expression which can be used to help cope with the crisis caused by the global threat of the coronavirus pandemic. The virus is new, the vaccine has not been developed yet and there are no unified prevention and post-prevention policies. In the following lines some modified elements of psychodrama interventions are presented including the ways of preventing the retraumatization of the patient (protagonist). This can be achieved by conscious reliving of the trauma and by activating new, transformative roles to guide the protagonist on his way to recovery."}, {"pmid": 32473354, "pmcid": "PMC7253967", "title": "Racial disparity in Covid-19 mortality rates - A plausible explanation.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Tal, Yuval", "Adini, Avner", "Eran, Alal", "Adini, Irit"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473354", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359188, "pmcid": "PMC7267276", "title": "Strategies to halt 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) spread for organ transplantation programs at the Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, China.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Wang, Yi", "Liu, Huirong", "Buhler, Leo H", "Deng, Shaoping"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359188", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak in China (from January 24 to March 11, 2020), our center performed 16 organ transplants (10 kidney, 4 liver, and 2 lung transplants) harvested from deceased donors. Regarding the strategies to prevent infections of SARS-CoV-2, we implemented specific measures for the donor and recipient management, as well as prevention of hospital-acquired infections. All 16 organ recipients had a favorable outcome without SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our approaches aiming to interrupt the spread of SARS-CoV-2 within the transplantation wards were successful, and allowed us to maintain the transplantation program for deceased liver, kidney, and lung organ recipients."}, {"pmid": 32371961, "title": "Coronavirus in charts: are virtual conferences here to stay?", "journal": "Nature", "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371961", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387327, "pmcid": "PMC7204681", "title": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in pregnancy: symptomatic pregnant women are only the tip of the iceberg.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Khalil, Asma", "Hill, Robert", "Ladhani, Shamez", "Pattisson, Katherine", "O'Brien, Pat"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387327", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454041, "pmcid": "PMC7245234", "title": "An international multicentre study of protocols for liver transplantation during a pandemic: A case for quadripartite equipoise.", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Chew, Claire Alexandra", "Iyer, Shridhar Ganpathi", "Chieh Kow, Alfred Wei", "Madhavan, Krishnakumar", "Teng Wong, Andrea Sze", "Halazun, Karim J", "Battula, Narendra", "Scalera, Irene", "Angelico, Roberta", "Farid, Sharid", "Buchholz, Bettina M", "Rotellar, Fernando", "Chi-Yan Chan, Albert", "Kim, Jong Man", "Wang, Chih-Chi", "Pitchaimuthu, Maheswaran", "Reddy, Mettu Srinivas", "Soin, Arvinder Singh", "Derosas, Carlos", "Imventarza, Oscar", "Isaac, John", "Muiesan, Paolo", "Mirza, Darius F", "Bonney, Glenn Kunnath"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454041", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of Covid-19 has vastly increased the operational burden on healthcare systems worldwide. For patients with end-stage liver failure, liver transplantation is the only option. However, the strain on intensive care facilities caused by the pandemic is a major concern. There is an urgent need for ethical frameworks to balance the need for liver transplantation against the availability of national resources. We performed an international multi-center study of transplant centers to understand the evolution of policies for transplant prioritization in response to the pandemic in March 2020. To describe the ethical tension arising in this setting, we propose a novel ethical framework, the Quadripartite Equipoise (QE) score, that is applicable to liver transplantation in the context of limited national resources. Seventeen large- and medium- sized liver transplant centers from twelve countries across four continents participated. Ten centers opted to limit transplant activity in response to the pandemic, favoring a \"sickest-first\" approach. Conversely, some larger centers opted to continue routine transplant activity in order to balance waiting list mortality. To model these and other ethical tensions, we computed a QE score using 4 factors - Recipient Outcome, Donor/Graft Safety, Waiting List Mortality and Healthcare Resources for seven countries. The fluctuation of the QE score over time accurately reflects the dynamic changes in the ethical tensions surrounding transplant activity in a pandemic. This four-dimensional model of Quadripartite Equipoise addresses the ethical tensions in the current pandemic. It serves as a universally applicable framework to guide regulation of transplant activity in response to the increasing burden on healthcare systems to allow greater global solidarity and transparency in these austere times."}, {"pmid": 32382001, "title": "[Maternal and neonatal consequences of coronavirus COVID-19 infection during pregnancy: a scoping review].", "journal": "Rev Esp Salud Publica", "authors": ["Caparros-Gonzalez, Rafael A"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382001", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new pathology, declared a public health emergency by the World Health Organization, which can have negative consequences for pregnant women and their newborns. The aim of this study was to explore the available knowledge on the consequences of developing COVI-19 in pregnant women and their neonates. Scoping Review, in which the search for articles was conducted using DeCS (\"pregnancy\", \"coronavirus\", \"health\") and MeSH (\"pregnan*\", \"pregnant women\", \"coronavirus\"), linking the terms with the Boolean AND operator. Databases used were Web of Science, Scopus, BVS, Scielo and CUIDEN. In addition, the PRISMA methodology was applied. Ten studies were identified that assessed maternal and neonatal health after maternal COVID-19 infection. Pregnant women seem to had no serious symptoms. Neonates appeared to be affected to a greater extent. A death was reported in a premature newborn whose mother had COVID-19 pneumonia. There did not appear to be vertical transmission from mother to child. Nevertheless, this information was not conclusive. COVID-19 appears to be more benign with pregnant women than with their neonates."}, {"pmid": 32375776, "pmcid": "PMC7202922", "title": "Quantifying the impact of physical distance measures on the transmission of COVID-19 in the UK.", "journal": "BMC Med", "authors": ["Jarvis, Christopher I", "Van Zandvoort, Kevin", "Gimma, Amy", "Prem, Kiesha", "Klepac, Petra", "Rubin, G James", "Edmunds, W John"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375776", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To mitigate and slow the spread of COVID-19, many countries have adopted unprecedented physical distancing policies, including the UK. We evaluate whether these measures might be sufficient to control the epidemic by estimating their impact on the reproduction number (R0, the average number of secondary cases generated per case). We asked a representative sample of UK adults about their contact patterns on the previous day. The questionnaire was conducted online via email recruitment and documents the age and location of contacts and a measure of their intimacy (whether physical contact was made or not). In addition, we asked about adherence to different physical distancing measures. The first surveys were sent on Tuesday, 24 March, 1\u00a0day after a \"lockdown\" was implemented across the UK. We compared measured contact patterns during the \"lockdown\" to patterns of social contact made during a non-epidemic period. By comparing these, we estimated the change in reproduction number as a consequence of the physical distancing measures imposed. We used a meta-analysis of published estimates to inform our estimates of the reproduction number before interventions were put in place. We found a 74% reduction in the average daily number of contacts observed per participant (from 10.8 to 2.8). This would be sufficient to reduce R0 from 2.6 prior to lockdown to 0.62 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.37-0.89) after the lockdown, based on all types of contact and 0.37 (95% CI\u2009=\u20090.22-0.53) for physical (skin to skin) contacts only. The physical distancing measures adopted by the UK public have substantially reduced contact levels and will likely lead to a substantial impact and a decline in cases in the coming weeks. However, this projected decline in incidence will not occur immediately as there are significant delays between infection, the onset of symptomatic disease, and hospitalisation, as well as further delays to these events being reported. Tracking behavioural change can give a more rapid assessment of the impact of physical distancing measures than routine epidemiological surveillance."}, {"pmid": 32505599, "title": "CT Manifestations and Clinical Characteristics of 1115 Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Wan, Shang", "Li, Mingqi", "Ye, Zheng", "Yang, Caiwei", "Cai, Qian", "Duan, Shaofeng", "Song, Bin"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505599", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aimed to assess the prevalence of significant computed tomographic(CT) manifestations and describe some notable features based on chest CT images, as well as the main clinical features of patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). A systematic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was performed to identify studies assessing CT features, clinical, and laboratory results of COVID-19 patients. A single-arm meta-analysis was conducted to obtain the pooled prevalence and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). A total of 14 articles (including 1115 patients) based on chest CT images were retrieved. In the lesion patterns on chest CTs, we found that pure ground-glass opacities (GGO) (69%, 95% CI 58-80%), consolidation (47%, 35-60%) and \"air bronchogram sign\" (46%, 25-66%) were more common than the atypical lesion of \"crazy-paving pattern\" (15%, 8-22%). With regard to disease extent and involvement, 70% (95% CI 46-95%) of cases showed a location preference for the right lower lobe, 65% (58-73%) of patients presented with \u22653 lobes involvement, and meanwhile, 42% (32-53%) of patients had involvement of all five lobes, while 67% (55-78%) of patients showed a predominant peripheral distribution. An understanding of some important CT features might be helpful for medical surveillance and management. In terms of clinical features, muscle soreness (21%, 95% CI 15-26%) and diarrhea (7%, 4-10%) were minor symptoms compared to fever (80%, 74-87%) and cough (53%, 33-72%). Chest CT manifestations in patients with COVID-19, as well as its main clinical characteristics, might be helpful in disease evolution and management."}, {"pmid": 32295659, "pmcid": "PMC7180327", "title": "Drawing on Israel's Experience Organizing Volunteers to Operationalize Drive-Through Coronavirus Testing Centers.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Kim, Edward"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295659", "countries": ["Israel"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To increase the country's capacity to test and track suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, Israel launched drive-through testing centers in key cities, including Tel Aviv, Jerusalem, Be'er Sheva, and Haifa. This article examines the challenges that the national emergency medical services and volunteers faced in the process of implementing drive-through testing centers to offer lessons learned and direction to health-care professionals in other countries."}, {"pmid": 32251842, "pmcid": "PMC7195539", "title": "Clinical characteristics of non-critically ill patients with novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in a Fangcang Hospital.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Wang, X", "Fang, J", "Zhu, Y", "Chen, L", "Ding, F", "Zhou, R", "Ge, L", "Wang, F", "Chen, Q", "Zhang, Y", "Zhao, Q"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251842", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the clinical characteristics of patients in a Fangcang Hospital. Non-critically ill individuals with positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR tests admitted between 7 February and 12 February 2020 to Dongxihu Fangcang Hospital, which was promptly constructed because of the rapid, exponential increase in COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China, were included; clinical course through to 22 February was recorded. A total of 1012 non-critically ill individuals with positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR tests were included in the study. Thirty (of 1012, 3.0%) individuals were asymptomatic on admission. During hospitalization, 16 of 30 (53.3%) asymptomatic individuals developed different symptoms. Fourteen of 1012 patients (1.4%) remained asymptomatic from exposure to the end of follow up, with a median duration of 24\u00a0days (interquartile range 22-27). Fever (761 of 1012, 75.2%) and cough (531 of 1012, 52.4%) were the most common symptoms. Small patchy opacities (355 of 917, 38.7%) and ground-glass opacities (508 of 917, 55.4%) were common imaging manifestations in chest CT scans. One hundred patients (9.9%) were transferred to designated hospitals due to aggravation of illness. Diarrhoea emerged in 152 of 1012 patients (15.0%). Male, older age, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, chills, dyspnoea, So2 value of \u226493%, white blood cell counts of >10\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0109/L and large consolidated opacities on CT images were all risk factors for aggravation of illness. Non-critically ill individuals had different clinical characteristics from critically ill individuals. Asymptomatic infections only accounted for a small proportion of COVID-19. Although with a low incidence, diarrhoea was observed in patients with COVID-19, indicating the possibility of faecal-oral transmission."}, {"pmid": 32340546, "title": "A Surgical Safety Checklist for Performing Tracheotomy in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 19.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Portugal, Louis G", "Adams, Dara R", "Baroody, Fuad M", "Agrawal, Nishant"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340546", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Performance of tracheotomy is a potential necessary step in the patient with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and prolonged mechanical ventilation. Due to viral aerosolization, tracheotomy carries a high risk of transmission of COVID-19 to the health care team performing the procedure. We share our institution's surgical safety checklist for performing tracheotomy in patients with COVID-19, including key modifications intended to mitigate risk to the surgical team."}, {"pmid": 32362345, "pmcid": "PMC7184005", "title": "COVID-19 and Depression.", "journal": "Clin Ther", "authors": ["Shader, Richard I"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362345", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic embodies overwhelming stresses-unemployment, death, and isolation, among others. When called upon, clinicians must try to sort out demoralization from depression. This commentary discerns the characteristics of demoralization versus depression, and suggests solutions for both, together with a cautionary word on the use chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32475878, "title": "The first pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Japan; The risk of co-infection with other respiratory viruses.", "journal": "Jpn J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kakuya, Fujio", "Okubo, Hitoshi", "Fujiyasu, Hiroaki", "Wakabayashi, Iori", "Syouji, Masayo", "Kinebuchi, Takahiro"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475878", "countries": ["China", "Japan"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe infectious disease of the respiratory tract caused by a novel coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, and has a high mortality rate. The disease emerged from Wuhan, China, in late 2019, and spread to Japan, including Hokkaido, in January 2020. In February 2020, three children were diagnosed with COVID-19 in Furano, Hokkaido, Japan. During this period, influenza and human metapneumovirus infections were prevalent among children in the Furano region. Two of the three cases experienced co-infection with other respiratory viruses, including influenza virus A or human metapneumovirus. To the authors' knowledge, the cases described in the present report were the first pediatric patients with COVID-19 in Japan. In children with COVID-19, the possibility of co-infection with other respiratory pathogens should be considered."}, {"pmid": 32501146, "title": "Social Responses for Older People in COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience from Vietnam.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Tung, Le Thanh"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501146", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper aims to provide an overview of all aggregate responses of society to support older people to fight the COVID-19 in Vietnam, a country that has done a good process of preventing diseases by limited resources. I introduce a model of social responses that systematizing the activities of government, socio-political organizations, entrepreneurs and private sponsors to older people. The success of Vietnam is remarkable and can be a good lesson for countries (especially those with limited resources) in building effective models in caring for older people in a pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32331783, "pmcid": "PMC7138386", "title": "Respond to the Letter: The COVID-19 Health Crisis: The Surgeon Role.", "journal": "Cir Esp", "authors": ["Balibrea, Jose M", "M Badia, Josep", "Morales-Conde, Salvador"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331783", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343815, "pmcid": "PMC7197545", "title": "Letter to the Editor: \"Our Response to COVID-19 as Endocrinologists and Diabetologists\".", "journal": "J Clin Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Masi, Davide", "Risi, Renata", "Gnessi, Lucio", "Watanabe, Mikiko", "Mariani, Stefania", "Lubrano, Carla"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343815", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32272089, "pmcid": "PMC7270629", "title": "School closure and management practices during coronavirus outbreaks including COVID-19: a rapid systematic review.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Viner, Russell M", "Russell, Simon J", "Croker, Helen", "Packer, Jessica", "Ward, Joseph", "Stansfield, Claire", "Mytton, Oliver", "Bonell, Chris", "Booy, Robert"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272089", "countries": ["China", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, 107 countries had implemented national school closures by March 18, 2020. It is unknown whether school measures are effective in coronavirus outbreaks (eg, due to severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS], Middle East respiratory syndrome, or COVID-19). We undertook a systematic review by searching three electronic databases to identify what is known about the effectiveness of school closures and other school social distancing practices during coronavirus outbreaks. We included 16 of 616 identified articles. School closures were deployed rapidly across mainland China and Hong Kong for COVID-19. However, there are no data on the relative contribution of school closures to transmission control. Data from the SARS outbreak in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Singapore suggest that school closures did not contribute to the control of the epidemic. Modelling studies of SARS produced conflicting results. Recent modelling studies of COVID-19 predict that school closures alone would prevent only 2-4% of deaths, much less than other social distancing interventions. Policy makers need to be aware of the equivocal evidence when considering school closures for COVID-19, and that combinations of social distancing measures should be considered. Other less disruptive social distancing interventions in schools require further consideration if restrictive social distancing policies are implemented for long periods."}, {"pmid": 32415272, "pmcid": "PMC7225634", "title": "Connecting data, tools and people across Europe: ELIXIR's response to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Hum Genet", "authors": ["Blomberg, Niklas", "Lauer, Katharina B"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415272", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "ELIXIR, the European research infrastructure for life science data, provides open access to data, tools and workflows in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. ELIXIR's 23 nodes have reacted swiftly to support researchers in their combined efforts against the pandemic setting out three joint priorities: 1. Connecting national COVID-19 data platforms to create federated European COVID-19 Data Spaces; 2. Fostering good data management to make COVID-19 data open, FAIR and reusable over the long term; 3. Providing open tools, workflows and computational resources to drive reproducible and collaborative science. ELIXIR's strategy is based on the support given by our national nodes - collectively spanning over 200 institutes - to research projects and on partnering with community initiatives to drive development and adoption of good data practice and community driven standards. ELIXIR Nodes provide support activities locally and internationally, from provisioning compute capabilities to helping collect viral sequence data from hospitals. Some Nodes have prioritised access to their national cloud and compute facilities for all COVID-19 research projects, while others have developed tools to search, access and share all data related to the pandemic in a national healthcare setting."}, {"pmid": 32515806, "title": "How Will COVID-19 Affect the Health Care Economy?", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Cutler, David"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515806", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512290, "title": "Expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and proteases in COVID-19 patients: A potential role of cellular FURIN in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Drak Alsibai, Kinan"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512290", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, a mini-review was published in the Medical Hypotheses journal by Usul Afsar entitled 2019-nCoV-SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection: Cruciality of Furin and relevance with cancer. Previous studies have pointed out that disruption of the proteolytic cleavage of proteins can promote infectious and non-infectious diseases. The last few weeks have been marked by an important revelation concerning the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2. This new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a highly contagious and transmissible acute respiratory infectious disorder. SARS-CoV-2 is composed of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and structural proteins including Spike protein (S protein). Interestingly, the FURIN, one of the proproteins of the convertase family, plays a crucial role in the maturation of viral glycoproteins. In addition, many viruses including coronaviruses, exploit FURIN for the activation of their glycoproteins. Recent data indicate that SARS-CoV-2 enters human cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Subsequently, the S protein is cleaved by transmembrane protease serine 2 with the help of FURIN which facilitates the entry of the virus into the cell after binding. Furthermore, it seems that FURIN is implicated in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and potentially in the increased rates of human-to-human transmission."}, {"pmid": 32277963, "pmcid": "PMC7194732", "title": "Super-spreading events and contribution to transmission of MERS, SARS, and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Al-Tawfiq, J A", "Rodriguez-Morales, A J"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277963", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425488, "pmcid": "PMC7229975", "title": "[Prevention and treatment of Covid-19 in the pediatric population from the family and community perspective].", "journal": "Enferm Clin", "authors": ["Merino-Navarro, Dolores", "Perianez, Cristina Diaz"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425488", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Based on the report on the situation of COVID-19 in Spain, dated April 3, 2020, the confirmed cases amount to 117,710, of which 343 are under 14 years of age (<1%). It is essential to know the specificity of this process in the child population, as well the specific recommendations for proper prevention and care of children during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Our objective is to analyze the scientific evidence on the specific recommendations for pediatric care in cases of COVID-19 from the family and community settings.The main recommendations and preventive measures in primary health care settings and at home have been selected and analyzed from an integrative approach that includes the biopsychosocial aspects of the child during confinement.The importance of caring for children in the face of the disease lies above all in ensuring the correct measures for the prevention of contagion due to the condition of acting as possible carriers during an incubation period of up to 21 days. The recommendation is that children actively participate in routine preventive actions to contain the spread of the disease. At the household level, isolation is an important challenge for families where there are manifestations of uncertainty, fear and helplessness in the face of changes and among the recommendations are establishing routines and order through schedules of activities and leisure together with hygiene measures.Given the rapidity with which the COVID-19 pandemic has occurred, there is little evidence at the moment. Research on prevention and treatment in the pediatric age needs to be developed to improve the available recommendations."}, {"pmid": 32440675, "title": "Clinical and Psychological Issues in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease During COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Inflamm Bowel Dis", "authors": ["Martinelli, Massimo", "Strisciuglio, Caterina", "Fedele, Flora", "Miele, Erasmo", "Staiano, Annamaria"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440675", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427288, "title": "ACE2 Receptor Expression in Testes: Implications in COVID-19 Pathogenesis.", "journal": "Biol Reprod", "authors": ["Verma, Saguna", "Saksena, Sarini", "Sadri-Ardekani, Hooman"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427288", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312730, "title": "Covid-19: public health experts demand evidence behind UK's short self-isolation advice.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312730", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268641, "title": "[Health protection guideline of mobile cabin hospitals during COVID-19 outbreak].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268641", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This guideline is applicable to the health protection requirements of large indoor stadiums which are reconstructed as treatment sites for COVID-19 patients with mild symptoms during the outbreak. Focusing on the health emergency scenario of severe virus infectious diseases and atypical places where COVID-19 patients with mild symptom gather, from perspectives of functional zones, hygiene facilities, personal protection, and management system, health risk protection recommendations and countermeasures are comprehensively proposed to mainly protect staffs and surrounding environment. The implementation of this guideline will provide technique support for emergency requirements of indoor stadiums reconstructed as mobile cabin hospitals."}, {"pmid": 32356628, "pmcid": "PMC7206932", "title": "Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors and Risk of Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Reynolds, Harmony R", "Adhikari, Samrachana", "Pulgarin, Claudia", "Troxel, Andrea B", "Iturrate, Eduardo", "Johnson, Stephen B", "Hausvater, Anais", "Newman, Jonathan D", "Berger, Jeffrey S", "Bangalore, Sripal", "Katz, Stuart D", "Fishman, Glenn I", "Kunichoff, Dennis", "Chen, Yu", "Ogedegbe, Gbenga", "Hochman, Judith S"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356628", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is concern about the potential of an increased risk related to medications that act on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in patients exposed to coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), because the viral receptor is angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). We assessed the relation between previous treatment with ACE inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor blockers, beta-blockers, calcium-channel blockers, or thiazide diuretics and the likelihood of a positive or negative result on Covid-19 testing as well as the likelihood of severe illness (defined as intensive care, mechanical ventilation, or death) among patients who tested positive. Using Bayesian methods, we compared outcomes in patients who had been treated with these medications and in untreated patients, overall and in those with hypertension, after propensity-score matching for receipt of each medication class. A difference of at least 10 percentage points was prespecified as a substantial difference. Among 12,594 patients who were tested for Covid-19, a total of 5894 (46.8%) were positive; 1002 of these patients (17.0%) had severe illness. A history of hypertension was present in 4357 patients (34.6%), among whom 2573 (59.1%) had a positive test; 634 of these patients (24.6%) had severe illness. There was no association between any single medication class and an increased likelihood of a positive test. None of the medications examined was associated with a substantial increase in the risk of severe illness among patients who tested positive. We found no substantial increase in the likelihood of a positive test for Covid-19 or in the risk of severe Covid-19 among patients who tested positive in association with five common classes of antihypertensive medications."}, {"pmid": 32433365, "pmcid": "PMC7273946", "title": "Gambling during the COVID-19 crisis - A cause for concern?", "journal": "J Addict Med", "authors": ["Hakansson, Anders", "Fernandez-Aranda, Fernando", "Menchon, Jose M", "Potenza, Marc N", "Jimenez-Murcia, Susana"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433365", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ": The COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to worsen mental health problems in the general population, including increasing engagement in addictive behaviors. Here, we describe observations suggesting that the current crisis and its sequelae may worsen problem gambling. The current pandemic may impact financial and psychological well-being due to social isolation during spatial distancing, and these stressors in conjunction with substantial changes in gambling markets (land-based, online) during the pandemic may significantly influence gambling behaviors. This situation calls for rapid research initiatives in this area and preventive and regulatory measures by multiple stakeholders."}, {"pmid": 32398268, "title": "Lung ultrasound in the monitoring of COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Tung-Chen, Yale"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398268", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are the most common severe complications. There is growing evidence regarding the imaging findings of COVID-19 in chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans; however, their availability to clinical staff in this pandemic outbreak might be compromised. At this moment, the role of lung ultrasound (LUS) has yet to be explored. The purpose of this case report is to describe the natural course of the disease in mild infection managed at home. We report a 35-year-old man with recently diagnosed COVID-19 infection. Clinical examination was unremarkable. The diagnosis of mild disease was made clinically which was later reaffirmed by LUS after identifying a bilateral small pleural effusion and a thickened pleural line. During follow up, subpleural consolidations appeared before symptoms slightly aggravated (cough, tiredness and fever). The patient's condition improved after adjustment of therapy at home. LUS is an excellent tool in the characterisation of COVID-19 infection and is more available than CT or X-ray. We emphasise the utility and the opportunity that LUS presents in some clinical scenarios, like this COVID-19 pandemic, and how it may serve as a monitoring and therapy guide."}, {"pmid": 32356047, "pmcid": "PMC7192059", "title": "Massive cutback in orthopaedic healthcare services due to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc", "authors": ["Liebensteiner, M C", "Khosravi, I", "Hirschmann, M T", "Heuberer, P R", "Thaler, M"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356047", "countries": ["Germany", "Switzerland", "Austria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the lack of evidence, it was the aim of the study to investigate current possible cutbacks in orthopaedic healthcare due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic (COVID-19). An online survey was performed of orthopaedic surgeons in the German-speaking Arthroscopy Society (Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Arthroskopie und Gelenkchirurgie, AGA). The survey consisted of 20 questions concerning four topics: four questions addressed the origin and surgical experience of the participant, 12 questions dealt with potential cutbacks in orthopaedic healthcare and 4 questions addressed the influence of the pandemic on the particular surgeon. Of 4234 contacted orthopaedic surgeons, 1399 responded. Regarding arthroscopic procedures between 10 and 30% of the participants stated that these were still being performed-with actual percentages depending on the specific joint and procedure. Only 6.2% of the participants stated that elective total joint arthroplasty was still being performed at their centre. In addition, physical rehabilitation and surgeons' postoperative follow-ups were severely affected. Orthopaedic healthcare services in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland are suffering a drastic cutback due to COVID-19. A drastic reduction in arthroscopic procedures like rotator cuff repair and cruciate ligament reconstruction and an almost total shutdown of elective total joint arthroplasty were reported. Long-term consequences cannot be predicted yet. The described disruption in orthopaedic healthcare services has to be viewed as historic. V."}, {"pmid": 32501537, "title": "COVID-19 deaths in long term care facilities - a critical piece of the pandemic puzzle.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Lau-Ng, Rossana", "Caruso, Lisa B", "Perls, Thomas T"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501537", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497358, "title": "e-Mental Health Options in the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond.", "journal": "Psychiatry Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Gaebel, Wolfgang", "Stricker, Johannes"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497358", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389695, "pmcid": "PMC7205658", "title": "JAACAP's Role in Advancing the Science of Pediatric Mental Health and Promoting the Care of Youth and Families During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry", "authors": ["Novins, Douglas K", "Althoff, Robert R", "Billingsley, Mary K", "Cortese, Samuele", "Drury, Stacy S", "Frazier, Jean A", "Henderson, Schuyler W", "McCauley, Elizabeth", "White, Tonya J H"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389695", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As we pen these words, the COVID-19 pandemic is having profound impacts on human society. Based on decades of research, we know that the accompanying illness,1 death,2 social isolation,3,4 and malnutrition5 will have deep and lasting impacts on our children and adolescents, their families, and the communities in which they develop. The pandemic is exposing, with terrible clarity, the disparities in human society-racism,6 poverty,7,8 domestic violence,9,10 and child maltreatment and neglect11-and tragically will likely amplify the negative impacts that each has on child development and mental health."}, {"pmid": 32343502, "title": "Allocating Medical Resources in the Time of Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Hyder, Adnan A"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343502", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294236, "pmcid": "PMC7235479", "title": "Exaggerated information and COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Sriwijitalai, Won", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294236", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292320, "pmcid": "PMC7142882", "title": "Situation analysis and an insight into assessment of pandemic COVID-19.", "journal": "J Taibah Univ Med Sci", "authors": ["Mansuri, Farah M A"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292320", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312290, "pmcid": "PMC7169373", "title": "Salvage use of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in the setting of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19 in the USA: a Markov decision analysis.", "journal": "World J Emerg Surg", "authors": ["Choudhury, Rashikh", "Barrett, Christopher D", "Moore, Hunter B", "Moore, Ernest E", "McIntyre, Robert C", "Moore, Peter K", "Talmor, Daniel S", "Nydam, Trevor L", "Yaffe, Michael B"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312290", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 threatens to quickly overwhelm our existing critical care infrastructure in the USA. Systemic tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) has been previously demonstrated to improve PaO2/FiO2 (mmHg) when given to critically ill patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It is unclear to what extent tPA may impact population-based survival during the current US COVID-19 pandemic. A decision analytic Markov state transition model was created to simulate the life critically ill COVID-19 patients as they transitioned to either recovery or death. Two patient groups were simulated (50,000 patients in each group); (1) Patients received tPA immediately upon diagnosis of ARDS and (2) patients received standard therapy for ARDS. Base case critically ill COVID-19 patients were defined as having a refractory PaO2/FiO2 of < 60\u2009mmHg (salvage use criteria). Transition from severe to moderate to mild ARDS, recovery, and death were estimated. Markov model parameters were extracted from existing ARDS/COVID-19 literature. The use of tPA was associated with reduced mortality (47.6% [tTPA] vs. 71.0% [no tPA]) for base case patients. When extrapolated to the projected COVID-19 eligible for salvage use tPA in the USA, peak mortality (deaths/100,000 patients) was reduced for both optimal social distancing (70.5 [tPA] vs. 75.0 [no tPA]) and no social distancing (158.7 [tPA] vs. 168.8 [no tPA]) scenarios. Salvage use of tPA may improve recovery of ARDS patients, thereby reducing COVID-19-related mortality and ensuring sufficient resources to manage this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32352224, "pmcid": "PMC7267350", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 virus and liver expression of host receptors: Putative mechanisms of liver involvement in COVID-19.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Pirola, Carlos J", "Sookoian, Silvia"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352224", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417113, "pmcid": "PMC7204741", "title": "A quick \"Can I donate blood\" self-assessment tool amid the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Transfus Clin Biol", "authors": ["Raturi, M"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417113", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525394, "title": "What a Difference a Disaster Makes: The Telehealth Revolution in the Age of COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Med Qual", "authors": ["Maese, John R", "Seminara, Donna", "Shah, Zeel", "Szerszen, Anita"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525394", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite the existence of telemedicine since the late 1950s and early 1960s, it took a pandemic to bring this technology mainstream. The critical urgency of the pandemic drove an auspicious alignment of policy, economics, and technology to facilitate the widespread implementation of telehealth. It is imperative that this synchronicity be maintained in the post-COVID era in order to optimize our health care system to be ready for the next threat to the health of the United States."}]